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Lecture 02

This lecture focuses on the essential drawing instruments and aids used in technical drawing, highlighting their functions and applications. Key instruments discussed include the drawing board, T-square, set-squares, ruler, protractor, mini-drafter, compass, circles template, French curves, and various grades of pencils. The proper use of these tools is crucial for achieving accuracy and precision in drawings.

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Razi Syed
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6 views23 pages

Lecture 02

This lecture focuses on the essential drawing instruments and aids used in technical drawing, highlighting their functions and applications. Key instruments discussed include the drawing board, T-square, set-squares, ruler, protractor, mini-drafter, compass, circles template, French curves, and various grades of pencils. The proper use of these tools is crucial for achieving accuracy and precision in drawings.

Uploaded by

Razi Syed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TOPIC

Elementary Drawing - Lecture 2:


Drawing Instruments and Aids

Introduction
In technical drawing, the accuracy and precision of drawings depend
significantly on the quality and proper use of drawing instruments and
aids. This lecture will cover the essential instruments and tools used in
elementary drawing and their applications.
Drawing Instruments

Drawing Instruments
➢ There are many instruments that been used in engineering drawing
and each one has its own function and categories.
➢ So, when all these instruments are used in their correct position, an
objective drawing is produces.
➢ The Instruments and other aids used in drafting work are listed
below:
Drawing Instruments

Drawing Board
➢ A flat, smooth and rectangular surface made of well-seasoned
wood/ synthetic material having around 25mm thickness.
➢ Used as a stable base for drawing sheets.
Drawing Instruments

Drawing Board
➢ The edge of a drawing board that is used by the draftsman to
draw on is called working edge.
• The right-handed draftsman will use the left edge of the
board as the working edge,
• while the left-handed draftsman will use the right edge.
➢ The working edge should be checked periodically for
straightness.
Drawing Instruments

Drawing Board
Drawing Instruments

Drawing Sheet:
➢ The standard drawing sheet sizes are arrived at on the basic
Principal of x: y = 1: 2^ (1/2) and xy = 1, where x and y are the sides
of the sheet.
➢ For example AO, having a surface area of 1 Sq.m; x = 841 mm and y
= 1189 mm.
➢ The successive sizes are obtained by either by halving along the
length or doubling the width, the area being in the ratio 1: 2.
➢ For class work use of A2 size drawing sheet is preferred.
Drawing Instruments

Drawing Sheet:
Drawing Instruments

T – Square:

➢ It is an instrument used to draw parallel lines.

➢ It consist of two parts: a stoke and a blade fixed in a T shape

➢ Any line you draw by moving T – Square up and down and drawing
by using the same edge is parallel to your reference line.
Drawing Instruments

T – Square:
Drawing Instruments

Set-squares or triangles:

➢ It is used to draw parallel, perpendicular or inclined lines at specific


angles (30°, 60°, 90°or 45°)
Drawing Instruments

Set-squares or triangles:
Drawing Instruments

Ruler:
➢ Rulers are used for measuring linear distance between two points
and to draw a straight lines between points.

Scale:
➢ Scale is used as a ruler just for measuring. The scale has many faces
and each face has a particular scale that the drawer can use when
he/she perform a scaling to his/her drawing.
Drawing Instruments

Protractor:
➢ Protractors are used for two main functions :
o for measuring angels.
o For drawing angels which are not equal to 30°, 60°, 90°or 45°.
Drawing Instruments

Mini-Drafter:

➢ Mini-drafter consists of an angle formed by two arms with scales


marked and rigidly hinged to each other .

➢ It combines the functions of T-square, set-squares, scales and


protractor.

➢ It is used for drawing horizontal, vertical and inclined lines, parallel


and perpendicular lines and for measuring lines and angles.
Drawing Instruments

Mini-Drafter:
Drawing Instruments

Compass:
➢ Compasses are used to draw arcs and circles (arc is a part of a
circle) that have a certain center.
➢ Also used for measurement purposes .
➢ For drawing: open the compass to the desired radius and then put
the needle on the center of arc or circle and revolve the compass to
have your arc.
Drawing Instruments

Compass:
➢ For measuring: open the two needle compass so each needle lies
on one point and then take the measurement from a ruler or scale
Drawing Instruments

Circles template
➢ It is used to draw the small circles.
➢ A typical circles template is shown in figure
Drawing Instruments

Irregular curves (French curves):


➢ These curves are used to draw an irregular curves and it comes in
many shapes and sizes.
➢ The typical French curves are shown in figure:
Drawing Instruments

Pencils:
➢ Pencils with leads of different degrees of hardness or grades are
available in the market.
➢ Based on the hardness quality pencils are classified into 18 grades.
Drawing Instruments

Pencils:
o HB Soft grade for Border lines, lettering and free sketching
o H Medium grade for Visible outlines, visible edges and boundary
lines
o 2H Hard grade for construction lines, Dimension lines, Leader lines,
Extension lines, Centre lines, Hatching lines and Hidden lines.

HB---- School pencil


Hard grades are good for instrumental use
Soft grades are good for free hand sketching
Drawing Instruments
Lecture End

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