UNESCO UNITWIN

Online Course
Supported by

Handong Global University

Ministry of Education, Korea

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relevant materials for commercial and for-profit use.
If Statement
08
Global Leadership School
Handong Global University
Learning Objectives
• Learn when to use conditionals

• If statement
• if
• if ~ else
• if ~ elif

• Learn 3 types of if statements using simple

examples
What are Conditional Statements?
• When writing a program,
• It is used when the process to be implemented under
certain conditions should be different
if x > 0 :
print("x is positive“ )

• Statement that comes after conditional statement is called

“condition”
• In python,
• Does not need parentheses in conditional statements
• Colon(:) is used to mark the end of a condition
• After conditional statement, next lines should be indented
• IDLE does indentation automatically
Types of Conditionals
• Only execute when a condition is true
if condition:
statement
• Only execute when a condition is either true or false
if condition:
statement
else:
statement
• Handle multiple situations with three or more possibilities
If condition:
statement
elif condition:
statement
else:
statement
if Statement
• Ask a condition and executed if it’s true like
seen in the flow chart
• If True, indented lines are executed
• If False, nothing happens

N Condition Y
?

statements
How to use if statement
• If statements are made of a “block” that contains
a conditional clause and execution statement
• Colon must always follow after a condition
• Executed statements must be written on the next line
• The execution statement can be one or multiple lines
• If the execution statement is multi-line, the
indentation must match
• Indented executed statements that come after a
conditional statement is called “block”
• The block of a conditional is also called its body
if Statement, Example
>>> count = 10
>>> if count >=10 : ## Ends with colon

count = 0
Indent print(“=“ * 25)
print(“Restart from the beginning”)
print(“=“ * 25)

Indented execution statement block

if ~ else Statement
• Different statement is executed depending on
the condition
• Depending on the condition
• If True, statement1 is executed
• If False, statement2 under else is executed

Y Condition N
?

statement1 statement2
If ~ else Statement, Example
count = 10
if count >=10 :
count = 0
print("=" * 25)
print(”Restart from beginning")
print("=" * 25)

else :
count = count + 1
print(”Proceeding to next stage")
If ~ else Statement
if x%2 == 0 :
print( x, "is even“)
else :
print( x, "is odd“)

• When divide x by 2, if the remainder is 0, x is an even num

ber
• It prints “is even”
• If x is odd,
• When x is divided by 2, remainder is 1. Therefore, the clause is fal
se.
• It prints “is odd”
• Colon(:) must come after “else” and “if”
Conditional Statement Example
# variables for if statement
a=4
b=5
c=6

# Simple comparison
if a < b :
print(＂a is less than b＂)

if a > b :
print(＂a is greater than b＂)

if a <= b :
print(＂a is less than or equal to b＂)
else :
print(＂a is greater than b＂)

if a == b :
print("a is equal to b")
else :
print("a and b are not equal")
If ~ elif Statement
• Used when a condition can be divided into
more than two cases if condition :
statement
• Conditions are divided into sections elif condition :
• Grades, commission rate in real-estate statement
…
• Conditions are listed sequentially elif condition :
• elif short for “else if” statement
else :
• Can use multiple elif in the if statement statement
• Exactly one block is executed
• Else is only used for the final block
If ~ elif Statement
x=5 • If x is less than y
y = 10
• ‘5 is less than 10’
if x < y :
print( x, "is less than", y) • If x is greater than y
elif x > y :
print( x, "is greater than", y) • ‘10 is greater than 5’
else :
print( x, "and", y, “is equal to“)
• If x is equal to y
• ‘5 is equal to 5’
If ~ elif Statement, Example(1)
# Enter Grade
score = 75

if score >= 90 :
print(“Your grade is A”)
elif score >=75:
print(“Your grade is B”)
elif score >=60:
print(“Your grade is C”)
else:
print(“Your grade is F”)
If ~ elif Statement, Example(2)
# brokers commission
amount= int(input(“Enter your transaction amount : “))

if amount > 1000000 :

comm = amount * 0.5
elif amount > 500000 :
comm = amount * 0.7
elif amount > 200000 :
comm = amount * 1.0
else :
comm = 15000

print(“Transaction amount = “, amount, “and commission = “, comm)

If ~ elif Statement, Example(3)
# Fruits lists

fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'grape', 'orange', 'strawberry']

fruit_input = input(”Enter your favorite fruit: ")

if fruit_input in fruits :
print(”The fruit is in the list.")

elif fruit_input == ”none" :

print(”Try the fruit! You will like it.")

else :
print(”The fruit is not in the list.")
Nested conditional statements
• Conditional statement can be used in other
conditional statements
if x == y :
print (x, "and", y, "are equal“)
else :
if x < y :
print( x, "is less than", y)
else :
print( x, "is greater than", y)

• The outer conditional statement has two branches

• Second branch is considered as a separate if statement,
• It has two branches
• Both branches have a print statement
Nested conditional statements
• Nested conditional statements can be written
as one conditional statement
if 0 < x :
if x < 10 :
print( "x is a positive single digit.“)

# operator and

if 0 < x and x < 10 :

print( "x is a positive single digit.“)
Exercise
• After receiving the current temperature,
• If the temperature is above 30 degrees, "It's
hot".
• If it's above 35 degrees, print "It's very hot”

• Use if, elif

Exercise, Code
temperature = int(input(”What is the current temperature "))

if temperature > 35 :
print(”It’s very hot")
elif temperature > 30 :
print(”It’s hot")
Lecture Summary
• When to use an conditional statement
• If the output of a program should change depending on
the conditions

• Conditional Statement
• if statement: If the condition is true
• if ~ else statement: Ran either condition is true and false
• if ~ elif statement: Ran depending on the condition

• Exercise conditional statement using practice

questions
Practice Question
• Which of the descriptions of the conditional
statements is not appropriate?
• Conditional clauses must end with colon
• Conditional clauses must be used with
parentheses
• Execution statement must start with a new line
• Execution statements after conditional clauses
must be indented
Practice Question, Answer
• Which of the descriptions of the conditional
statements is not appropriate?
• Conditional clauses must end with colon
• Conditional clauses must be used with
parentheses
• Execution statement must start with a new line
• Execution statements after conditional clauses
must be indented
Practice Question
• In python programming, what is the wrong way to
express 0 < x < 10?
• x > 0 and x < 10
• x > 0 or x < 10
• 0 < x < 10
• 10 > x > 0
Practice Question, Answer
• In python programming, what is the wrong way to
express 0 < x < 10?
• x > 0 and x < 10
• x > 0 or x < 10
• 0 < x < 10
• 10 > x > 0
Thank you
08 If Statement
 Contact Info
[email protected]
https://ecampus.handong.edu/

* All copyrights belong to UNESCO UNITWIN and it is prohibited to use these educational
materials including the video and other relevant materials for commercial and for-profit use.
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