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 DICTIONARY

OBSOLETE PHRASES, PROVERBS, AND ANCIENT CUSTOMS,

FROM THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY.

BY '

JAMES ORCHARD HALLIWELLf ESQ., F.R.S,

Honorary Member of the Royal Irish Academy; Corresponding Member of the Royal Society of Northern
Antiquaries, of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, of the Archaeological Society of Stockholm, and the
Keale Acadeniia di Firenze; Honorary Member of the Royal Society of Literature, of the Newcastle
Antiquarian Society, of the Royal Cambrian Institution, of the Ashmolean Society at Oxford, and of the
Society for the Study of Gothic Architecture; Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries; Corresponding
Member of the Comite dea Arts et Monuments, &c. &c.

TN TWO VOLUMES.

TOLL A— I.

LONDON :
JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36, SOHO SQUARE.
MDCCCTjXXIY.
 PREFACE.

THE difficulties proverbially attending the first essay in a literary design of

any magnitude constitute one of the very few apologies the public are generally
willing to concede an author for the imperfect execution of his undertaking.
Perhaps no desideratum in our literature could be named which needs this
indulgence more than a Dictionary of the Early English language,— a work
requiring such extensive and varied research, that the labours of a century would
still leave much to be added and corrected, and one which has been too often
abandoned by eminent antiquaries for failure to be conspicuous. It is now
brought to a completion for" the first time in the following pages, in some
respects imperfectly, but comprising a variety of information nowhere else to be
met with in a collective state, and forming at present the only compilation
where a reader of the works of early English writers can reasonably hope to find
explanations of many of the numerous terms which have become obsolete
during the last four centuries.*
So far I may be permitted to speak without intrenching on the limits of
criticism. A work containing more than 50,000 words, f many of which have
never appeared even in scattered glossaries, and illustrated, with very few
exceptions, by original authorities, must contain valuable material for the
philologist, even if disfigured by errors. With respect to the latter contingency,
I am not acquainted with any glossary, comprising merely a few hundred words,
which does not contain blunders, although in many instances the careful atten-
tion ofthe editor has been specially directed to the task. Can I then anticipate
that in a field, so vast that no single life would suffice for a minute examination
of every object, I could have escaped proportionate liabilities? That such may
be pointed out I have little doubt, notwithstanding the pains taken to prevent

* A Glossary of Archaic and Provincial 'Words was compiled about fifty years ago by the Rev.
Jonathan Boucher, Vicar of Epsom, but only a small portion, extending to Bla, has yet been
published. The manuscript, which is in the custody of one of the editors of the work, I have not
seen, but to jud?;e from what has appeared, H probably contains much irrelevant matter. Mr,
Toone has given us a small manual of early English words, 8vo. 1832. Nares' Glossary, published
in 1822, is confined to the Elizabethan period, a valuable work, chiefly compiled from the notes to
the variorum edition of Shakespeare.
f The exact number of words in this dictionary is 51,027*
I.
ri PREFACE.

tlieir occurrence , but it will be manifestly unfair to make them the test of merit,
or thence to pronounce a judgment on the accuracy of the whole. I may add
that the greatest care has heen taken to render the references and quotations
accurate, and whenever it was practicable, they have been collated in type with
the originals. The great importance of accurate references will be fully appre-
ciated by the student who has experienced the inconvenience of the many
inaccurate ones in the works of Nares, Gilford, and others.
The numerous quotations I have given from early manuscripts will generally be
found to be literal copies from the originals, without any attempt at remedying
the grammatical errors of the scribes, so frequent in manuscripts of the fifteenth
century. The terminal contractions were then, in fact, rapidly vanishing as part
of the grammatical construction of our language, and the representative of the
vowel terminations of the Anglo-Saxon was lost before the end of that century.
It is only within the last few years that this subject has been considered by our
editors, and it is much to be regretted that the texts of Bitson, Weber, and
others are therefore not always to be depended upon. For this reason I have
had recourse in some cases to the original manuscripts in preference to using
the printed texts, but, generally, the quotations from manuscripts have been
taken from pieces not yet published. Some few have been printed during the
time this work has been in the press, a period of more than two years.
In ascertaining the meaning of those early English words, which have been either
improperly explained or have escaped the notice of our glossarists, I have chiefly
had recourse to those grand sources of the language, Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-
Norman. It appeared to me to be sufficient in such cases to indicate the imme-
diate source of the word without referring to the original root, discarding in
fact etymological research, except when it was necessary to develop the right
explanation. Etymological disquisitions on provincial words have also been
considered unnecessary j but in some few instances, where there existed no rea-
sonable doubt, the root has been mentioned.
In explaining terms and phrases of the Elizabethan era, I have had the
a4vantage not enjoyed in preparing that part of the work which, relates to the
sarfier period, of referring to the labours of a predecessor in the same task* The
Glossary of Archdeacon Nares has here necessarily in some respects been my
guide, generally a faithful one as far as his explanations are concerned, but still
yery imperfect as a general glossary to the writers of that age. I have attempted
to supply his deficiencies by more than trebling his collection of words and
phrases, but my plan did not permit me to imitate his prolixity, and I have there-
fore frequently stated results without explaining the reasoning or giving tie
.reading which led to them. Nares3 Glossary is however, notwithstanding iti
imperfections, a work of great merit, and distinguished by the clearness aa$
 PREFACE. vii

iliscrimination with which the collections of the Shakespearian commentators

are arranged and discussed. To find him occasionally in error merely illustrates
the impossibility of perfection in philological studies.
Having had in view the wants of readers unskilled in early English rather
than the literary entertainment of professed students, 1 have admitted numerous
forms the etymologist will properly regard corrupt, and which, might easily have
been reduced to their original sources. I may have carried the system too far,
but to have excluded corruptions would certainly have rendered the work less
generally useful ; and it is not to be presumed that every one who consults a
manual of this kind will despise the assistance thus afforded. There are, too,
many corruptions the sources of which are not readily perceivable even by the
most experienced.
So many archaisms are undoubtedly still preserved by our rural population,
that it was thought the incorporation of a glossary of provincialisms would
render the work a more useful guide than one restricted to known archaisms.
When Ray in 1674 published the first collection of English localisms, he gives
three reasons for having undertaken the task : " First, because I knew not of
anything that hath been already done in this kind ; second, because I conceive
they may be of some use to them who shall have occasion to travel the Northern
counties, in helping them to understand the common language there ; third,
because they may also afford some diversion to the curious, and give them occa-
sion of making many considerable remarks." It is remarkable that Ray seems
to have been unacquainted with the real value of provincial words, and most of
his successors appear to have collected without the only sufficient reason for pre-
serving them, the important assistance they continually afford in glossing the
works of our early writers.
Observations on our provincial dialects as they now exist will be found in the
following p^ges, but under the firm conviction that the history of provincialisms
is of far inferior importance to the illustration they afford of our early language,
I have not entered at length into a discussion of the former subject. I have
spared no pains to collect provincial words from all parts of the country, and
have been assisted by numerous correspondents, whose communications are care-
fully acknowledged under the several counties to which they refer. These com-
munications have enabled me to add a vast quantity of words which had escaped
the notice of all the compilers of provincial glossaries, but their arrangement
added immeasurably to the labour. No one who has not tried the experiment
can rightly estimate the trouble of arranging long lists of words, and separating
mere dialectical forms.
The contributors of provincial words are elsewhere thanked, but it would
hardly be right to omit the opportunity of enumerating the more extensive com-
^iii PREFACE.

munications. I may, then, mention my obligations to Captain Henry Smith, for

his copious glossary of Isle of Wight provincialisms ; to the Rev. James Adcock,
to whom I am principally indebted for Lincolnshire words ; to Goddard Johnson,
Esq. for his valuable Norfolk glossary ; to Henry Norris, Esq. for his important
Somersetshire collection; to David E. Davy, Esq. for his MS, additions to
Forby ; to Major Moor, for his collections for a new edition of his Suffolk Words
and Phrases ; and to the Rev. J. Staunton, for the use of the late Mr. Sharp's
manuscript glossary of Warwickshire words. Most of the other communications
have been of essential service, and I cannot call to mind one, however brief,
which has not furnished me with useful information. My anonymous correspond-
ents will be contented with a general acknowledgment ; but I have not ventured
to adopt any part of their communications unsupported by other authority. My
thanks are also returned to Mr. Toone, for MS. additions to his Glossary, chiefly
consisting of notes on Massinger ; to Sir Henry Dryden, Bart., for a few notes on
hunting terms in the earlier letters ; and to Mr. Chaffers, jun. for a brief glossary
compiled a few years since from Chaucer, Lydgate, &c. But my chief obliga-
tions are due to Thomas Wright, Esq. M.A., whose suggestions on nearly every
sheet of this work, as it was passing through the press, have been of the
greatest advantage, and whose profound knowledge of Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-
Norman has frequently been of essential service when the ordinary guides had
been ineffectually consulted.
J. 0. HALLFWELL.

BRIXTON HILL, STTRRRY,

Feb. la I, 1847.
 THE ENGLISH PROVINCIAL DIALECTS,

ROBERT of Gloucester, after describing the Norman Conquest, thus alludes to the change erf
language introduced by that event :
And the Normans ne couthe speke tho bote her owe speche,
And speke French as dude atom, and here chyldrendude also teche.
So that hey men of this lond, that of her blod come,
Holdeth alle thulke speche that hii of hem nome.
Vor bote a man couthe French, metolth of hym wel lute,
Ac lowe men holdeth to Eng-fyss, and to her Tcunde speche $ttte.
Ich wene ther ne be man in world ccrntreyes none,
That ne holdeth to her kunde speche, bote Engelond one.
Ac wel me wot vor toconne bothe wel yt ys,
Vor the more that a man con, the more worth heys.
This extract describes very correctly the general history of the languages current in England for
the first two centuries after the battle of Hastings. Anglo-Norman was almost exclusively the lan-
guage of the court, of the Norman gentry, and of literature. " The works in English which were
written before the Wars of the Barons belong," says Mr. Wright, " to the last expiring remains of an
older and totally different Anglo-Saxon style, or to the first attempts of a new English one formed
upon a Norman model. Of the two grand monuments of the poetry of this period, Layamon
belongs to the former of these classes, and the singular poem entitled the Ormulum to the latter.
After the middle of the thirteenth century, the attempts at poetical composition in English became
more frequent and more successful, and previous to the age of Chaucer we have several poems of
a very remarkable character, and some good imitations of the harmony and spirit of the French
versification of the time." After the Barons' Wars, the Anglo-Norman was gradually intermingled
with the Anglo-Saxon, and no long time elapsed before the mongrel language, English, was in
general use, formed, however, from the latter. A writer of the following century thus alleges his
reason for writing in English :
In Englis tonge y schal 5ow telle,
3yf 56 so long with me wyl dwelle j
Ne Latyn wil y speke ne waste,
Bot Englisch that men uses maste,
For that ys joure kynde langage,
Thatje hafe here most of usages
That can ech man untherstonde
That is born in Rnylotide ;
For that langage ys mostschewed,
Als wel mowe lereth as lewed.
Latyn also y trowe can nane,
Bot tho that hath hit of schole tane;
Som can Frensch and no Latyne,
That useth has court and duellt therinne,
And sorn can of Latyn aparty,
That can Frensch ful febylly j
And som untherstondith Euglisch,
That nother can Latyn ne Frensch.
Bot lej-de, and lewde, old and $ongt
Alle untherstondith Englisch tonge.
Therfore y holde hit most siker thanne
To schewe the langage that ech man can j
And for lewethe men namely,
That can no more of clergy,
Tho ken tham whare most nede,
For clcrkes can both se and rede
In divers bokesof Holy Writt,
How they schul lyve, yf thay loke hit :
Thareforey wylle me holly halde
To that langage that Englisch ys calde. MS, 3odl, 48, t. 48.
 PBOYINCIAL J>IAIECTS.
be contented with one tangnag*
Tlie author of the Cursor Mundi thought each nation should
and that the English should discard the Anglo-Norman :
This ilk boK it es translate
Into Inglis tong to rede,
For the love of Inglis lede,
Inglis lede of tngland,
For the commun at understand.
Frankis rimes hero I redd
Comtmlik ID ilk sted.
Mast es it wroght for Frankis man,
Quat is for him no, Frankis can ?
Of Icgland the nacion
Es iBglisman thar in commun ;
The speche that man. -wit mast may spede,
Mast thar wit to speke war nede,
Selden was for ani chance
praised Inglis tong in France !
Give wv ilkan tha,re fangaget
Me think we do tham non outrage.
jtfS. Cotf . F«*jww. A. Hi. f. 2.

as being perfectly
In the curious tale of King Edward and the Shepherd, the latter is described
astonished with the French and Latin of the court :
The lordis anon to chawmbur went*
The kyng aftur the scheperde sent,
He was brojt forth fulle sone ;
He clawed his hed, his hare he rent, .
He wendewei to have be schent,
He ne wyst what was to done.
When he French and Latyn heide,
He hade mervellehow it ferde,
And drowhym ever alone :
Jhesu, he seid, for thi gret grace,
Brytigme fayre out of this place !
Lady, now here my bone !
MS. Cantab. Ff. r. 48, f. 55.
of this coun-
In the fifteenth century, English may he said to hare been the general language forms and
try.* At this period, too, what is now called old English, rapidly lost its grammatical that of the
the English of the time of Henry VIII, orthography excepted, differs very Me from
the essential
present day. A few archaisms now obsolete, and old phrases, constitute
general
diOOTroresent subject is the provincial dialects, to which these very brief remarks on the and one
history of the English language are merely preliminary,— a subject of great difficulty,especially
which requires far more reading than has yet been attempted to develop satisfactorily, consists
in its earb period. Believing that the principal use of the study of the English dialects
in the explanation of archaisms, I have not attempted that research which would be necessary to
understand their history, albeit this latter is by no means an unimportant inquiry. The Anglo-
Saxon dialects were not numerous, as far as can be judged from the MSS, m that language which
have been preserved, and it seems probable that most of our English dialects might be traced
Angles, and Jutes, not forget-
historically and etymologically to the original tribes of the Saxons,long
tina- the Danes, whose language, according to Wallingford, so influenced the dialect of
Yorkshire. In order to accomplish this we require many more early documents -winch bear upon
the subject .than have yet been discovered, and the uncertainty which occurs in most cases of
fixing the exact locality in which they were written adds to cur difficulties. When we come to a
later period, the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, there being no standard literary form of our
native language, every MS. sufficiently exhibits its dialect, and it is to be hoped that all English
works of this period may one day he classed according to their dialects. In such an undertaking,
great assistance will be derived from a knowledge of our local dialects^ as they now exist Hence
the value of specimens of modern provincial language, for in many instances, as in Bobert of
Gloucester's Chronicle, compared with the present dialect of Gloucestershire, the organic forms of
the dialect have remained unchanged for centuries. The Ayenbyte of Inwyt is, perhaps, the most
remarkable specimen of early English MSS. written in a broad dialect, and it proves very sufekfac-
torilv that in the fourteenth centmy the principal features of what is termed the Western dialect
were those also of the Kentish dialect. There can be, in fact, little doabt that the forme? ***
* Anne, Countess of Stafford, thus writes In 1438, 1 "ordeyne and make roy te*tam«nt in English tougft&t
my jnoat profit, iedyn#, and underatandyng in thiswise."
 XI
ENGLISH PROVINCIAL DIALECTS.

long current throughout the Southern counties, and even extended in some degree as far as Essex.*
If we judge from the specimens of early English of which the localities of composition are known,
we might perhaps divide the dialects of the fourteenth century into three grand classes, the
Northern, the Midland, and the Southern, the last being that now retained in the Western coun-
ties. But, with the few materials yet published, I set little reliance on any classification of the
kind. If we may decide from Mr. Wright's Specimens of Lyric Poetry, which were written in
Herefordshire, or from Audelay's Poems, written in Shropshire in the fifteenth century, those
counties would belong to the Midland division, rather than to the West or South.
The few writers who have entered on the subject of the early English provincial dialects, have
advocated their theories without a due consideration of the probability, in many cases the cer-
tainty, ofan essential distinction between the language of literature and that of the natives of a
county. Hence arises a fallacy which has led to curious anomalies. We are not to suppose,
merely because we find an early MS. written in any county in standard English, that that MS. is
a correct criterion of the dialect of the county. There are several MSS. written in Kent of about
the same date as the Ayenby te of Inwyt, which have none of the dialectical marks of that curious
work. Most of the quotations here given from early MSS. must be taken with a similar limita-
tion as to their dialect. Hence the difficulty, from want of authentic specimens, of forming a
classification, which has led to an alphabetical arrangement of the counties in the following brief
notices :—

BEDFORDSHIRE. the Rev. J. J. Smith and the Rev. Charles

The dialect of this county has been fully in- Warren for brief lists of provincialisms current
in this county.
vestigated inBatchelor's Orthoepical Analysis
of the English Language, 8vo. 1809. Stakes
the place of ow, ea of a, ow of the long o, oi of CHESHIRE.
t, &c. When r precedes s and e final, or s and The Cheshire dialect changes I into w, ul into
other consonants, it is frequently not pro- w or oo, i into oi or ee, o into u, a into o, o into
nounced. Ow final is often changed into er ; a, u into i, ea into yo, and oa into wo. Mr.
ge final, into dge; and g final is sometimes Wilbraham has published a very useful and cor-
omitted. rect glossary of Cheshire words. Second ed.
12mo. 1836.
BERKSHIRE.
The Berkshire dialect partly belongs to the Extract from a Speech of Judas Tscariot in the
Western, and partly to the Midland, more Play of Christ's Entry into Jerusalem.
strongly marked with the features of the former By deare God in magistie !
in the South-West of the county. The a is I am so wroth as I maye be,
changed into 0, the diphthongs are pronounced And some waye I will wrecken me,
broadly, and the vowels are lengthened. Way As gone as ever I male.
is pronounced woye ; thik and thdk for this and My mayster Jesus, as men maye see,
Was rubbed heade, foote, and knye,
that ; he for him, and she for her.
With oyntmeuteof more daintle
Then I see man ye a dale.
BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. To that I have greate envye,
The language of the peasantry is not very That he suffrcd to destroye
broad, although many dialectical words are in More then all his good thrye,
general use. A list of the latter was kindly for- And his dames towe.
warded to me by Dr. Hussey. Hade I of it hade maisterye,
I woulde have soulde it sone in hie,
CAMBRIDGESHIRE. And put it up in tresuerye,
As I was woute to doe.
There is little to distinguish the Cambridge- Whatsoever wes geven to Jesu,
shire dialect from that of the adjoining counties, I have kepte, since I hym knewe ;
It is nearly allied to that of Norfolk and Suffolk. For he hopes I wilbe trewe,
The perfect tense is formed strongly, as hit, hot, His purse allwaie I bare.
tit, sot, spare, spore, e.g. "if I am spore," Hym hade bene better, in good 1'aye,
L e. spared, &c. I have to return my thanks to Hade spared oyntmente that daie,

* This is stated on sufficiently ample authority, but Verstegan appears to limit it in his time to the Westrm
counties,—" We see that in some «everall parts of England itselfe, both the names of things, and pronuutm-
tions of words, are somewhat different, and that among the country people that never borrow any words out
of the Latin or French, and of this different pronuntiation one example in steed of many shal suffice, as this s
for pronouncing according as one would say at London, / would fiat more cheese if I had it, the Northern man
saith, Ay sud eat mare cheese gin ay hadet, and the Westerne man saith, Chud eat more cheese an chad it. Lo
heere three different pronoun tiations in our owne country in one thing, and hereof many the like cxamplei
might be alleaged."— VerMtegatfa Re*titittion> 1634, p. 195.
 ENGLISH PROVINCIAL DIALECTS.
2Ui
For wrocken I wilbe some waie
or hear tell of sich a thing as a portmantle ?" « P<
Of waste that was done their ;
mantle, sar, was't that un, sumthing like thick*
Three hundreth penny worthes it was (pointing to one behind es saddle.) I found one
That he let spill in that place ;
t'other day zackly like that." (« Where es et
Therefore God geve me harde grace, " Come along, I carr'd'en en and gov'en to my w
But hymselfe shalbe soulde Mally ; thee sha't av'en. Mally, where es that rt
To the Jewes, or that I sitte, of hther that I giv'd tha the t'other day *" «« Wl
For the tenth penye of it : roul of lither?" said Mally. «« The roul of lithe
And this my maister shalbe quite broft en and tould tha to put'en a top of the teaster
My greffe a huudreth foulde. the bed, afore I go'd to scool/' *' Drat tha emi (
Chester Plays, ii. 12 ranee," said the gentleman, "thee art betwattli -
that was before I were born."
CORNWALL,
(2) A Western Eclogue.
It is almost unnecessary to observe, that thi Pengrouize, a lad in many a science blest,
ancient Cornish language has long been ohso Outshone his toning brothers of the west :
Jete. It appears to have been gradually disused Of smugling, hurling, wrestling much he knew,
from the time of Henry VIII., but it was spoken And much of tin, and much of pilchards too.
in some parts of the country till the eighteenth Fam'dat each village, town, and country-house,
Menacken, Helstone, Polkinhorne, and Grouse ;
century. Modern Cornish is now an English Trespissen, Buddock, Cony-yerle,Treverry,
dialect, and a specimen of it is here given Polbastard, Hallabazzack, Eglesderry,
Pohvhele has recorded a valuable list of Cornish Pencob, and Restijeg, Treviskey, Brcague,
provinciaHsms, and a new glossary has recently Irewinnlck, Buskenwyn, Busveal, Ro^ereague :
been published, in * Specimens of Cornish Pro- But what avail'd his fame and various art,
vincial Dialect/ 8vo. 1846. In addition to these Since he, by love, was smitten to the heart ?
I have to acknowledge several words, hithertc The shaft a beam of Bet Polglaze's eyes ;
And now he dutnplin loaths, and pilchard pics.
unnoticed, communicated by Miss Hicks, and Young was the lass, a servant at St. Tizzy,
R. T. Smith, Esq. Born at Polpks, and bred at Mevagizzy.
Harrison, Description of Britaine, p. 14, tlms Calm o'er the mountain blut>h*d the rising day,
mentions the Cornish language : " The Cornish And tiiig'd the summit with a purple ray,
and Devonshire men, whose countrie the Britoni When sleepless from his hutch the lover stole,
call Cerniw, have a speach in like sort of their And met, by chance, the mistress of his soul.
owne, and such as hath in deed more affinitie And «' Whither go'st ?" he scratched his skull an*
cry'd ;
with the Armoricane toong than I can well dis-
cusse of. Yet in mine opinion, they are both <* Arrear, God bless us," well the nymph replyM,
but a corrupted kind of British, albeit so far de- " To Yealston sure, to buy a pound o' backy.
That us and meastor wonderfully lacky ;
generating in these daies from the old, that if God bless us ale, this fortnight, 'pon my word,
either of them doo meete with a Welshman, they
are not able at the first to understand one an- We nothing smoaks but oak leaves and cue-terd.**
jPewgrwwce.
other, except here and there in some od words, Arrear then, Bessy, ly aloane the backy,
without the helpe of interpreters." Sty here a tiny bit and let us talky*
• In Cornwal, Pembr. and Devon they for to milk Bessy, I loves thee, wot a ha me, zay>
say milky, for to squint, to squinny, this, thicky, Wot ha Pengrouze, why wot a, Bessy, hse ?
&c., and aftermost verbs ending with consonants Set Polglazs*
they clap a y, but more commonly the lower part of
Pembrokeshire. Ah, hunkin, hunkin, mind at Mousliole fair
's MS. Additions to Rayf Ashm, Mus. What did you at the Choughs, the alehouse tnt-re?
When you stows eighteen pence in cakes and beer,
(1) The Cornwall Schoolboy. To treat that dirty trollup, Mall Rosevear:
An ould man found, one day, a yung gentleman's You stuffs it in her gills, and makes such pucker,
portmantle, as he were a going to es dennar; he Arrear the people thoft you wid have choack her.
took'd et en and gived et to es wife, and said, Pengrouze,
" Mally, here's a roul of lither, look, see, I suppoase Curse Mall Rosevear, I says, a great jack whore,
eome poor ould shoemaker or other have los'en, I ne'er sees buch a dirty drab before;
tak'en and put'en a top of the teaster of tha bed, I stutfs her gills with cakesand beer, the hunk,
he'll be filntl to hab'en agen sum day, I dear say." She stuffs herself, she meslin and got drunk.
The ould man, Jan, that was es nearne, went to es
Best* drink sure for her jaws wan't good enow,
work as before. Mally then open'd the portmantle, So leckert makes her drunk as David's sow ;
and found en et three hunderd pounds. Soon after
thes, the ould man not being very well, Mally said, Her feace is like a bull's, and 'tis a food.
" Jan, Pave saaved away a little money, by the bye, Her legs are like the logs o* cobler's stoyfl;
Her eyes be grean's a lick,:}: as yaff'ers big,
and as thee caan't read or write, theeshu'st go to
Noase flat's my hond, and neck so black'* a pig.
scool" (he were then nigh threescore and ten). He Bet Pol£la£e.
went but a very short time, and corned hoam one
day, and said, f ' Mally, I wain't go to scool no more, Ay, but I've more to say ; this isn't ale,
'caase the childer do be laffen at me ; they can tell You deaneM wy Mall Rosevear 't & sartln bale ;
their letters, and I caan't tell my A, B, C, and I She toald me so, and lefts me wy a. sneare —
wudrayther go to work agen," " Do as thee wool," Ay ! you, Pengrouze, did deance wy Mall
ses Mally. Jan Ijad not ben ouc many days, afore
the yung gentleman came by that lost the port- , * Best drink implies strong beer.
maijtlo. und said, " Well, my ould man, did'ee see J Green as a leek t Brandy*'
 affl

ENGLISH PROVINCIAL DIALECTS.

Psngrouse. dered to be identical in aH essential peculiari-

!Nbw, Bessy, hire me, Bessy, vath and soale, ties, the chief differences arising from the mode
Kite me, I says, and thou shat hire the whoale ; of pronunciation. According to Boucher, the
One night, a Wensday right, I vows to Goade, dialect of Cumberland is much less uniform than
Aloane, a hossback, to Tresouze I roade j
Sure Bessy vath, dist hire me, 'tis no lies, that of "Westmoreland. In Cumberland, wo is
A d — mnderbale was never seed wy eyes. in frequent use instead of the long a, as "will be
I hires sum mizzick at an oald bearne doore, noticed in the following example. A glossary of
And hires a wondrous rousing on the fioore; Cumberland words was Idndly forwarded to m<»
5o in I pops my head ; says I, arreare ! by Mr. Thomas Sanderson,
Why, what a devil's neame is doing heare?
Why daaucing, cries the crowder by the wale, (1) Love in Cumberland*
iVhy deancing, deancing, meastet— 'tis a bale. Tune, — *' Cuddle me, Cuddy."
Deancing, says I, by Gam I hires sum preancers^ Wa, Jwohn, what'n mannishment's 'tis
,Jut tell us where the devil be the deancers j 'At ton's gawn to dee for a hizzy 1
?or fy the dust and strawze so fleed about, Aw hard o* this torrable fiss,
could not, Bessy, spy the hoppers out. An' aw's cum't to advise tha', — 'at is ee.
kilaste I spies Rosevear, I wish her dead, Mun, thou 11 nobbetlwose teegud neame
Vho meakes medeanceall nite, the stinking jade. Wi' gowlin an' wMngin sea mickle ;
ays I, I have no shoose to kick afoote: Cockswunturs ! min beyde about heame,
?hy kick, says Mall Rosevear, then kick thy boote. An* let her e'en ga to auld Nickle.
.nd, Bet, dist hire me, for to leert us ale,
Thy plew-geer's aw Hggin how-strow,
,. furthing candle wink'd again the wale. An* somebody's stown thee thy couter ;
Oh faiks ! thou's duin little 'at dow
Ah, hunkin, hunkin, I am huge afraid To fash theesel ivver about her.
1 hat you is laughing at a simple maid. Vour Seymey has broken car stang»
Pengrouse. An' mendit it wid & clgg-coaker j
Deare, dearest Bet, let's hug thce to my hearte, Pump-tree's geane aw -wheyt wrang,
\nd may us never never never peart e ! An' they've sent for auld Tom Staw&er.
r» if T Ji<"« than, Bessy, than I wishes
'he Shackleheads may never close the fishes j Young filly's dung owe the lang stee,
An' leam'd peer Andrew the theefcer;
" hat picky dogs may eat the sceane whenfulej Thee rnudder wad suffter't for tee,
it'u to rags, and let go ale the schule. An haw hadn't happ'n't to cleek her.
Bet Polglaze.
Thou's spoilt for aw manner o' wark :
. *ien here's my hond, and wy it teake my hearte. Thou nobbet sits peghan an* pleenan.
Pengroiise. Odswucke, man ! doff that durty sark,
ttoade bless us too, and here is mines, ods hearte ! An' pretha gi'e way git a clean an, !
»ae buss, and then to Pilcharding I'll packy. An' then gow to Carel wi' me,—
Bet Polglaze, Let her gang to knock-cross wid her scwornin,
'id I to Yealstone for my master's "backy. Sec clanken at market we'll see,
A'll up'od ta* forgit her 'or inwornin' J
(3) A Cornish Song.
,-ij«j, all ye jolly Tinner boys, and listen to me ; (2) Song, by Miss Rlamire.
is i 11 ee of a storie shall make ye for to see, What ails this heart o' mine f
i> .irning Boney Peartie, the schaames which he had What means this wat'ry e'e ?
maadc "What gars me ay turn pale as death
i'.op our tin. and copper mines, and all our pilchard When I tak* leave o' thee ?
traade.
When thou
Thou'll art be
dearer far toawa*.
me ;
ummonaed forty thousand men, to Polland they
did goa, But change o* place, and change o' fclkj
• \ for to rob and plunder there you very well do May gar thy fancy jee,
knawa;
hi, t<M-tbou-*und were killed, and laade dead in blood When
Or walk,I sit down at e'en,
in morning air,
and goa re, lik rustling bough will seem to say,
'. r •'• thirty thousand ranned away, and I cante tell I u&'d to meet thee there :
where, I'm sure. Then I'll sit down and wail,
A 11. i should that Boney Peartie have forty thousand still And greet aueath a tree,
IV maake into an army to work his wicked will, And gin a leaf fa' i* my lap,
Ami try for to invaade us, if he doent quickly fly— Ps ca't a word frae thee.
tlVi.y, forty thousand Cornish boys shall knawa the I'll hie me to the bow'r
reason why.
Where yews wi* roses tred,
Hurra for tin and copper, boys, and fisheries likewise ! And where, wi* monie a blushing bud,
Huron for Cornish maadens— oh, bless their pretty I strove my face to hide j
I'll doat on ilka spot.
eyes I
ljurea fgr our ould gentrie, and may they never faale I Where I ha'e been wi' thee,
HIITM* hurea for Cornwall 1 hurea, boys, " one and And ca* to mind some kindly look
'Neath. ilka hollow tree,
ale!" Wi' sec thoughts i' my mind,
CUMBERLAND. Time thro' the warl may gae,
And findme still, in twenty year*
Tfce dialects of Cumberland, Westmoreland,
$®l1fauHiberland, and Durliam may be consi- The same as I'm to-day t
XIV PROVINCIAL DIALECTS.
'Tis friendship bears the sway, the author's original draught of the romance.
Anil keeps Mends i' the e'ej
And gin I think I see the still, See farther in Mr. Black's Catalogue, col. 15.
Wha can part thee and me ? " A Devonshire song" is printed in Wits Inter-
preter, 1671,
ed. the Devonshire
work,5 thep. "247.
samep. 171 ditty"
The Exmoor
occurs in
DERBYSHIRE. Scolding and the Exmoor Courtship, specimens
*« This dialect," observes Dr, Bosworth, "is of the broad Devonshire dialect at the commence-
remarkable for its broad pronunciation. In me ment of the last century, have been lately repub-
the e is pronounced long and broad, as mee. lished. The third edition was published at Exeter
The I is often omitted after a or 0, as aw for all, in 1746, 4to. Mr, Marshall has given a list of
caw, call, bowd, bold, coud, cold. Words in ing West Devonshire words in his Rural Economy
generally omit the$r, but sometimes it is changed of the West of England, 1796, vol. i. pp. 323-32,
into #; as think for thing, lomn for loving. but the best yet printed is that by Mr. Palmer,
They use confer can ; Conner for cannot ; shanner appended to a Dialogue in glossary the Devonshire
1839.
for shall not ; wool, wooner for will, and will not ; Dialect, 8vo. 1837. A brief is also
added to the Devonshire Dialogue,
™~ TH.I*™*. Rvn. IJWQ
provincial words pe- — - -^—
y°
culiarto this&c."
for you, have ofbeen
countyLists kindly forwarded
My principal guide, however, for the dialecticanl
by Dr. Bosworth, Thomas Bateman, Esq., the words of this county is a large MS, collectio
Rev. Samuel Fox, the Rev. William ShiUeto, stated in Mr. Thomas Bodd's Catalogue of MSS.
Mrs. Butler, and L. Jewitt, Esq. for 1845 (No. 276) to have been written by Dr.
Milles, Dean of Exeter, and quoted in this work
A Dialogue between Farmer Bennet and Tummus as Dean Milles' MS. I have been since informed
Lide. that it was compiled by the late llev. Richard
Farmer Sennet, Turnmus, why dunner yo mend
ineh shoom ? Hole, but in either case its integrity and value
TvmmiuLide, Becoz, mester, 'tis zo cood, I con- are undoubted. Notes of Devonshire words
ner work wee the tachin at aw I've brockn it ten have been kindly transmitted by the Rev. John
times I'm shur to de— it freezes zo hard. Why, Wilkinson, J. H. James, Esq., William Chappell,
Hester hung out a smock-frock to dry, an in three Esq., Mrs. Lovell, and Mr. J. Metcalfe. The
roinits it wor frozzen as stiff as a proker, an I con- West Country dialect is now spoken in greater
ner afford to keep a good fire; I wish I cud. I'd soon purity in Devonshire than in any other couniy.
mend yore shoon, an uthers tow, I'd soon yarn The following remarks on the English dialects
sum munney, I warrant ye. Conner yo find sum
hard times ? I'll doo are taken from Aubrey's Natural History of
work for m', mester, these Wiltshire, a MS. preserved in the library of the
onnythink to addle a penny. I con thresh— I con Royal Society :
split wood— I con mak spars— I con thack. I con The Northern parts of England spcake guttu-
skower a dike, an I con trench tow, but it freezes
20 hard. I con winner - 1 con fother, or milk, if there rally ; and in Yorkshire and the bishofirick of Dur-
beneedon't. Iwoodner minddrivin plow or onnythink. ham they havemore of [\\ecadenee, or Scottish tone
Farmer B. I banner got nothin for ye to doo, than they have at Edinborough i in like manner, in
Tummus j "but Mester Boord towd me jist now that Herefordshire they have more of the Welch cadence
they wor gooin to winner, an that they shud want than they have in Wales. The Westerns people can-
sumbody to help 'era. not open their mouthes to speak ora rotmido. Wee pro-
nounce paal} pale, &c., and especially in Devonshire.
Tummus L. 0, I'm glad on't. I'll run oor an zee The Exeter Coll. men in disputation*, when they
whether I con help 'em ; bur I banner bin weein the
threshold ov Mester Boord's doer for a nation time, allege Causa Cawae eat Cauait Cau*attt they pronounce
becoz I thoot misses didner use Hester well ; bur I it, Caza, Cazat est Caxa Cazati very uri-gracofully.
Now econtra the French and Italians doe naturally
dunner bear malice, au zo I'll goo.
Farmers- What did Misses Boord za or doo to pronounce a fully ore rotundo, and e, and even chil-
Hester then ? dren of French born In England ; and the farther
Tnmmw L. Why, Hester may be wor summut to you goe South the more fully, qd. NB. This must
blame too ; for her wor one on 'em, de ye zee, that proceed fiom the earth or aire, or both. One m«iy
jawd Skimmerton,— the raak-gana that frunted zum observe, that the speech (twang or accent— adiantust)
o'the gentefook. They said 'twor time to dun wee of ye vulgar begins to alter some thing toward* the
eich litter, or sich stuff, or I dunner know what they Herefordshire manner even at Cyrene**ter. Mr.
cawdit; but they wor frunted wee Hester bout it; Thorn. Hobbs told me, that Sir Charles Cavendbti
an I said, if they -wor frunted wee Hester, they mid did say, that the Grcckes doe slug their words (as
the Hereff. doe in some degree). From hence arose
bee frunted wee mee. This set misses's back up, an
Hester harmer bin a charrin there sin. But 'tis no the accents, not used by the ancients. 1 have a.
use to bear malice : an zo I'll goo oor, and zee which conceit, that the Britons of the South part of thl* I4e,
we the winde blows. e. g. the Tri&obantes, 5zc., did speak no moreguttu-
Eotworth's Anglo-Saxon Dictionary > Introd. p. 31 , rall, or twangmgs, than the inhabitants doe now.
The tone, accent, Ac., depends on the temper of th«
DEVONSHIRE. earth (and so to plants) and aire.
The MS. Ashmole 33 contains an early ro- (1)dearly,
Rab. 1 love A lovers'
Bet, toDialogue.
hear the tell } but»g«K»4
mance, written about the year 1377, which
appears to have been composed by a clergyman loving
away. now, let's tell o'zumrnet else. Time *Jip*
living in the diocese of Exeter. Several extracts Set. I, fegs, that it dlth. I warai» our vakct wan-
from it will be found in the following pages.
der whattheethe good
godger'*
neart.n come o'me, I'll drive
The MS. possesses great interest, having part of I wi»h
 ENGLISH PHOVINCIA1 DIALECTS.
Rab. Why there now. Oh, Bet ! you guess what " Dash my buttons, Moll— I'll be darn'd if I know \
I ha to tell about, and you warnt hear me. TJs was vools to come yerr and to urn into danger ,
Bat. I, say so, co ;— a fiddle-de-dee— blind marcs. Let's be off — 'a spits vire ! lor, do let us go
R«6. There agen !— did ever any boddy hear the And 'a holds up his head like a gooze at a stranger,
like ? Well, soce, what be I to do ?
" I be a bit vrighten'd — but let us bide yerr ;
Bet. I wish, Rab, you'd leave vetting me. Pithee, And hark how 'a puffs, and 'a caughs, and 'a blows i
let's here no mote o'at. He edden unlike the old cart-hoss last yer —
Rab. Woll, I zee how 'tis. You'll be the death Broken-winded;— and yet only zee how 'a goes i
o'me, that's a zure thing.
" *A urns upon ladders, with they things like wheela,
Bet. Dear hart, how you tell J I the death o' Or hurdles, or palings, put down on the ground ,
thee !— no, not vor the world, Rab. Why I'd ne'er
the heart to hurt thee nor any kindest thing in all But why do they let 'un stray out of the veels ?
my born days. What whimzies you have J Why do "TIs a wonder they don't clap 'un into the pound."
ye put yourself in such a pucker ? " 'A can't be alive, Jan— I don't think 'a can."
Rab. Why, because the minnet I go about to « I baln't zure o' that, Moll, for jist look'ee how
break my meend, whip soce, you be a-go, and than I 'A breathes like a hoss, or a znivell'd old man : —
coud bite my tongue. And hark how he's bust out a caughing, good now.
Set. Why than will you veass me away when you *' 'A never could dra' all they waggins, d'ee zee,
know I can't abide to hear o'at I Good-now, don't'ee If a lived upon vatches, or tunnels, or hay ;
zay no more about et. Us have always been good Why, they waggins be vill'd up with people— they be;
friends — let us bide so. And do 'ee but look how they'm larfin away \
Sab. I've now began, and I want let thee go till "And look to they childera a urning about,
thee hast a-heard me out.
zhowsmouths
Wi' their ; vuli of. gingerbread, there by the
Set. Well, I woll* butdon't'ee cream my hand 20.
Hob. I don't know what I do nor what I zay ; — And zee to the scores of vine ladies turn'd out ;
many many nearts I ha'n't a teen'd my eyes vor And gentlemen, all in their best Zunday clothes.
thinking o'thee. I can't live so, *tia never the neer
to tell o'at ; and I must make an end o'at wan way "And look to this houze made o' canvas zo zmart ;
And the dinner zet out with such bussle and fuss ;—
or t'other. I be bent upon't ; therefore don't stand But us brought a squab pie, you know, in the cart,
shilly-shally, but lookeedezee, iv thee disn't zay thee
wid ha me, bevore thicca cloud hath heal'd every And a keg of good zider— zo that's nort to us.
sheen o* the moon, zure an double-zure I'll ne'er " I tell 'ee what 'tis, Moll — this here is my mind,
ax thee agen, but go a soger and never zee home
no more. Lock! lock ! ray precious, what dist cry vor? The world's gone'quite maze, as zure as you'm born ;
'Tis as true as I'm living—and that they will vind,
Bet. I be a cruel moody-hearted tiresome body ; With their bosses on wheels that dou't live upon corn.
and you scare wan, you do zo. I'm in a sad quan- " I wouldn't go homeward b'mbye to the varra
dory. Iv I zay is, I may be sorry ; and if I zay no, Behind such a critter, when all's zed and dun,
I may be sorry too, zimniet. I hop jou wida't use We've a travell'd score miles, but we"nevcr got harm,
me badly.
Vor there's nort like a market cart under the zun."
Rab. Dist think, my sweeting, I shall e'er be
maz'd anew to claw out my own eyes ? and thee art
dearer to me than they be. DORSETSHIRE,
Se^ Hold not so breach now, but hear first what
" The rustic dialect of Dorsetshire," observes
I've to zay. You must know, Rab, the leet money
Mr. Barnes, " is, "with little variation, that of
I've a croop'd up I be a shirked out o*, but 'twill most of the Western parts of England, which
never goodee way an. I'll tell thee how I was were included in the kingdom of the WestSaxons,
« "need.
the counties of Surrey, Hants, Berks, Wilts, and
Rab. Good-now, lovey, don'tee think o'at. We
hhall fadgee and find without et. I can work, and Dorset, and parts of Somerset and Devon," The
will work, an all my carking and caring will be for Dorset dialect, however, has essential features
thee, and everything shall bee as thee woud ha'ec. of that of the "Western, counties which are not
Thee shaE do what thee wid. heard in Surrey or Hants, as will be sufficiently
Bet. I say so too. Co, co, Rab, how you tell I apparent from the specimens here given. Th€
Why,pithee, don't'ee think. I be such a nmny-ham- language of the south-east part of Dorsetshire
mer as to desire et. If 'tis ordained 1 shah ha thee, is more nearly allied to that of Hants.
ril do my best to make tha a gude wife. I don't
want to be cocker'd. Hark I hark 1 don't I hear the " In the town of Poole," according to Dr.
bell lowering for aight ?~'ds, as I live. I shall ha Salter, " there is a small part which appears to
et whan I get home* be inhabited by a peculiar race of people, who
Rab. If I let thee go now, will meet me agen to- are, and probably long have been, the fishing
morrow evening in the dimmet ?
Eat. No. To-morrow morning at milking time population of the neighbourhood. Their man-
I woll. ner of speaking is totally different from that of
Rab. Sure. the neighbouring rustics. They have a great
Bet. Sure and sure. So I wish thee good neart. predilection for changing all the vowels into
Rab. Neart, neart, my sweeting 1 short Mousing it in the second person,but without
a pronoun, and suppressing syllables, e. g. ca&'n
(2) John Chawtacon and Ms wjfe Moll, cum up car't, can you not carry it, &c." Mr. Veraon,
t>Exeter to zee the railway opened. May 1, 1844. in remarking upon these facts, observes, " the
'< Lot Johnny 1 lor Johnny ! now what Ivver es that, language of our seamen in general is well worth
A urning along like a hoss upon wheels ? a close investigation, as it certainly contains not
'Tis as bright as y er buttons, and black as yer hat, a few archaisms ; but the subject requires time
And jist listen, Johnny, and yer ho* 'a squeal* r and patience, for in the mouths of those who
XVI ENGLISH PROVINCIAL DIALECTS,
call the Bellerophon and the Ville de Milan, th The zun ha' flow'rs to love his light,
The moon ha' sparklen biooks at night,
J?z'% Ruffian and the Wheel-em-along, there i
nothing The trees da like the pluysome flight
" But doth suffer a sea-change Ov aver vrom the west.
Let zome like empty sounds to mock
Into something new and strange." Therluonesome vaice by hill or rock,
This must be received with some limitation, an
perhaps applies almost entirely to difficult mo But merry chaps da like t' unlock
Ther hearts to maidens best
dern terms not easily intelligible to the unedu
cated. Many of the principal English nautical Zoo you git ready now, d'ye hear ?
Therms nar another fiair so nenr,
terms have remained unchanged for centuries. AH* thiese don't come but twice a year,
Valuable lists of Dorsetshire words have bee: An' you woon't vind us spiaren.
liberally sent me by the Rev. C. W. Bingham We'll goo to al the zights an' shows,
O' tumblers wi* ther spangled cloa's,
James "Davidson, Esq., Samuel Bagster, Esq. An' conjurers wi' cunnen blows,
Dr. S alter, and G. Gollop, Esq. ; but my prin
cipal references have been made to the glossary An' raffle var a fiairen.
attached by Mr. Barnes to his " Poems of Rura (3) The Woodlands.
Life in the Dorset Dialect," 8vo. 1844. Th 0 spread agen your leaves ! an' ffow'rs,
same work contains a dissertation on the dialect Luonesome woodlands zunny woodlarutt
with an account of its peculiar features. Th Hare underneath the dewy show'rs
change of o into a, so common in Dorsetshire O' warm-air'd spring-time, zunny woodlands
completely disappears as we proceed in awesterly As when, in drong ar oben groun',
direction towards Worcestershire. Wi' happy buoyish heart I voun*
Thetwitt'ren birds a-builden n un*
(1) A Letter from a Parish Cleric in Dorsetshm Vour high-bough'd hedges, zunny woodlandi
to an absent Vicar, in the Dialect of the Ya. gie'd me life, ya gie'd me jay,
County. From * Poems on several Occasions Luonesome woodlands 1 zunny woodland* I
formerly written by John Free, D.D./ 8vo Ya gie'd me health as in my pliy
Lond. 1757, p. 81. 1 rambled droo ye, zunny woodlands !
Measter, an't please you, T do zend Ya gie'd me freedom var to rove
Theaz letter to you as a vriend, In airy mead, arshiady grove;
Hoping you'll pardon the inditing, Ya gie'd me smilen Fanny's love,
Becaz I am not us'd to writing, The best ov all o't, zunny woodlands
And that you will not take unkind My vust shill skylark whiver'd high,
A word or zo from poor George Hind, Luonesome woodlands ! zunny woodlands '
For I am always in the way, To zing below your deep-blue sky,
And needs must hear what people 2ay. An' white spring-clouds, O zunny woodland* '
First of the house they make a joke, An* boughs o' trees th.it oonce stood here,
And zay thechiranies never smoak. Wer glossy green the happy year
Now the occasion of these jests, That gie'd me oon I lov'd so dear,
As I do think, where zwallows nests, An' now ha lost, O zunny woodlands t
That chanc'd the other day to vaal O let me rove agen unspied,
Into the parlour, zut and aal. Luonesome woodlands I zunny xvoodlauds .'
Beaide, the people not a few
Begin to murmur much at you, Along your green-bough'd hedge*' zule,
As then I rambled, zunny woo-! lands !
For leaving of them in the lurch, An' wher the miss<!-n trees oonce stood,
And letting straingers zerve the church, Ar tongues oonce rung among the wood,
Who are in haste to go agen, My memory shall miake em good,
Zo, we ha'nt zang the Lord knows when. Though you've alost em, zunny woodlands »
And for their preaching, I do know
As well as moost, 'tis but zo, zo. (4) The WeepenLiady.
Zure if the call you had were right, When liate o' night*, upon the green,
You ne'er could thus your neighbours slight. By thik wold house, the moon da sheen,
But I do fear you've zet your aim on A liady there, a-hangen low
Naught in the world but vilthy mammon, &c. Her head's a-wak-en to an* fro
(2) Axen Maidens to goo to Fiair. In robes so white's the driven snow ;
WT oon yarm down, while 0011 <la rest
To-marra work so hard's ya can, Al lily-white upon the breast
An* git yer jobs up under han*, O f/iik poor weepen JJady.
Var Dick, an' I, an' Poll's young man
Begwain to flair; an* zoo The curdlen win* an' whislen squall
If you'll tiake hold ov each a yarm Do shiake the ivy by the wall,
Along the road ar in the zwarm An* miake the plyen tree-tops rock,
But never ruffle her white frock,
O' vo'ke, we'll kip ye out o'harm,
An* gi ye a fiairen too. An' slammen door an' rottlen lock
That in thik empty house da sound,
We woon't stay liate ther ; I'll be boun' Da never seem to miake look round
We'll bring our shiadesback out o' town 2Vak downcast weepen liaday,
Zome woys avore the zun is down,
So long's the sky is clear ; A liaday, as the tiale da goo,
An' zoo, when al yer work's a-done, That oonce Hv'd there, an' lovM too true.
Yer mother cant but let ye run Wer by a young man cast azide
An* zee a little o' the fun A mother sad, but not a bride ;
Wher nothln is to fear. An* then her father in his prid©
 ENGLISH PROVINCIAL DIALECTS.

An' anger offer' d oon o' two so broad, nor spoken with the strong Suffolk
Vull bitter tilings to undergoo whining tone. Mr. Charles Clark has given a
To tJi'ik poor weepen liady. glossary of Essex words at the end of ' John
That she herzuf should leave his door, Noakes and Mary Styles, or an Essex Calf s
To darken it again noo muore, Visit to Tiptree Races/ 8vo. 1839, and I am in.
Ar that her little playsome chile, debted for many others to the kindness of the
A-zent awoy a thousand mile, Rev. W. Pridden and Mr. Edward T. Hill. A
Should never meet her eyes to smile,
list of Essex words is given in the Monthly
An' play again, till she in shiame Magazine for July, 1814, pp. 498-9.
Should die an' leave a tarnish'd niame,
A sad varsiaken liady.
(1) From a Poem of the fifteenth century, ly the
•« Let me be lost," she cried, *« the while, Vicar of Maldon.
I do but know var my poor chile ;" Therfor, my leffe chyld, I schalle teche the,
An' left the huome ov alher piide, Herken me welle the maner and the gyse,
To wander droo the wordle wide, How thi sowle inward schalle aqueymyd be
Wi' grief that vew but she ha' tried, With thewis good and vertw in alle wysse ;
An* lik' a flow'r a blow ha* broke, Rede and conseyve, for he is to dispice,
She wither'd wi' tAik deadly stroke, That redyth ay, and noot what is ment,
An' died a weepen liady. Suche redyng is not but wynde despent.
An* she da keep a-comen on, Pray thi God and prayse hym with alle thi hart,
To zee thik fattier dead an* gone, Fadir and modyr have in reverence,
As if her soul could have noo rest Love hem welle, and be thou never to smert
Avore her teary chiak's a-prest To her mennys consayle, but kepe the thens,
By his vargiv-en kiss : zoo blest Tylle thu be clepid be clene wlthowjt offence :
Be they that can but live in love, Salyw gladly to hym that is moor dygne
An' vine a pliace o* rest above, Than art thiselfe, thu schalt thi plase resygne.
Unlik' the weepen liady. Drede thi mayster, thy thynge loke thu kepe,
Take hede to thy housold, ay love thy wyff,
DURHAM. Plesaunte wordes oujt of thi mowth schalle crepe ;
The Durham dialect is the same as that spoken Be not irous, kepe thi behest os lyff,
in Northumberland and the North Riding of Be tempryd, wyjte, and non excessyff ;
Yorkshire, the former being more like Scotch, Thyfolisclepe
In wyves wordes
no moormakethanue
thu noon
nedythactorite",
the.
and the latter more like English, but each in a MS. Har/.27l|f. 26-
very slight degree. The Durham pronunciation,
though soft, is monotonous and drawling. See (2) Coct-a+Bevb Hill.
At Tottura's Cock-a-Bevis Hill,
the < Quarterly Review' for Feb. 1836, p. 358. A sput suppass'd by few,
No glossary of Durham words has yet ap- Where toddlers ollis haut to eye
peared, but Kennett has recorded a considerable The proper pritty wiew ;
number in his MS. Glossary. I have been en- Where people crake so ov the place,
abled to add many unknown to that author, Leas-ways, so I've hard say ;
derived from communications by the Rev. R. An' frum its top yow, sarteny,
Douglas, George B. Richardson, Esq., Miss Can see a monsus way.
Portus, E. T. Warburton, Esq., and Mr. S. Ward. 'Bout this oad Hill, I warrant ya,
If the following anecdote be true, Southern Their bog it nuver ceases }
English is but little known amongst some of They'd growl shud yow nut own that it
the lower orders in Durham : Beats Danbury's auf to pieces.
*' John," said a master tanner in South Durham, But no sense ov a place, some think,
the other day, to one of his men, " bring in some Is this here hill so high,-—
fuel." John walked off, revolving the word in his Cos there, full oft, 'tis nation coad,
mind, and returned with a pitchfork ! " I don't But that don't argufy.
want that," said the wondering tanner j « I want fuel, Yit, if they their inquirations maake
John." «' Beg your pardon," replied the man, « I In winter time, some will
thought you wanted something to turn over the skins.*' Condemn that place as no great shakes,
And off he went again, not a whit the wiser, but Where folks ha' the coad-chiU !
ashamed to confess his ignorance. Much meditating,
he next pitched upon the besom, shouldering which, As sum'dy, 'haps, when nigh the sput,
he returned to the counting-house. His master was May ha' a wish to see't,—
now in a passion. " What a stupid ass you are, John," From Mauldontoun to Keldon'tis,
An* 'gin a four releet,
he exclaimed } *' I want sajae sticks aud shavings to
light the fire." '* O-h-h-h 1" rejoined the rustic, « that's Where up the road the load it goos
what you want, is it ?" Why couldn't you say so at ThatSo bosses
lugsomemosly
an' sokitcha
stiff, whop,
first, master, instead of using a London dictionary
word ?" And, wishful to show that he was not alone Frum drivers in a tiff.
In his ignorance, he called a comrade to the tanner's But who'd pay a boss when tugging on ?
presence, and asked him If he knew what " fuel" was. None bu t a tetchy elf :
" Aye I" answered Joe, «« ducks an' geese, and sike Tis right on plain etch chap desarve*
Jke V'—Gateshead Observer. A clumsy thump himself.
ESSEX.
Haul'd o'er the coals, sieh fellars e'er
The dialect of Essex is closely allied in some
Shud be, by Martin's Act ;
parts of the county to that of Kent, and in But, then, they're rayther muggy oft, •
others to4hat-of Suffolk; though generally not So with um we're not zact*
 ENGLISH PHOTTNCIA.L DIALECTS,
But thussins, 'haps, to let um oaf I My dog has gotten zltch a trick,
Is wrong, becos etch carter, To visit rnoids when thauy be sick j
If maade to smart, his P's and Q's When thauy bezick and like to die,
He'd mine for ever arter. O thether gwoes my dog and I.
At Cock-a-Bevis Hill, too, the When I have dree zispences under my thumb,
Wiseacres show a tree, O then I be welcome wherever J come ;
Which if yow clamber up, besure, But when I have none, O then J pass by,
A precious way yow see. 'Tis poverty pearts good company.
I dorn't think I cud clime it now, If I should die, as it may hap,
Aldoe I uster cud ; My greauve shall be under the good yeal tap,
I shudn't warsley loike to troy, In vouled earins there wool us lie,
For guelch cum down I shud, Cheek by jowl my dog and I «
My head 'oodswim,— I 'oodn't do'it
Nut even for a guinea : HAMPSHIRE.
A naarbour ax'cl me, tother day, The romance of Octovian, according to Mr.
" Naa, naa/' says I, " nut quinny." D'Israeli, " is in the Hampshire dialect nearly
At Cock-a-Bevis Hill, I was
A-goon to tell the folks,
as it is spoken now." Although somewhat
doubtful as to the literal correctness of this
Some warses back— when I bargun— opinion, an extract from it may be compared
In peace there lived John Noakes.
with a modern specimen of the dialect. A short
GLOUCESTERSHIRE. glossary of Hampshire words is given in Warner's
collections for that county. The dialect of the
It has been already remarked that the orga- west of the county is similar to that of Wiltshire,
nic forms of the Gloucestershire dialect have
remained unchanged for centuries, and are to be f being changed into v, and th into d\ and un
for him, her, it. It is a common saying, that in
traced in Robert of Gloucester's Chronicle. Hampshire every thing is called he except a torn-
Many Anglo-Saxon words are here preserved in cat wnich is called she.
great purity. " He geunne it him," he gave it
him, the verb geunne being in genera] use (1) Extract from the early romance of Octovian
amongst the peasantry. The dialect is more Imperator.
similar to that of Somersetshire than of the The knyjtys logh yn the halle.
adjoining counties, though not so strongly The mantellys they yeve menstralfi* alle ;
marked as a Western dialect. They change o Lavor aud basyn they gon calle
To wassche andaryse,
into a, s into z,/into v, t into d, p into £, short AndOf syth to daunce on the walle
a into i or aoy, long e into eea, long i into ey, Parys.
long o into ooa. The A.-S. termination en is Whan thesoudan thys tydyng herde.
still preserved ; thee is used for thou and you ; For ire as he wer wod he ferd;
thilk is in constant use ; her is put for she, she He ran with a drawe swerde
for her, /for me, and ou for he, she, or it. Com- To hys mamentrye,
munications ofGloucestershire words have been And alle hys goddys ther heamerrecle
received from the Rev. H. T. EUacombe, Miss With greet envye.
Shipton, and Mr. E.Wright. Asterot, Jopyn, and Mahoun
He alle to-hew with hys fachoun,
And Jubiter he drew adoiin
George Ridler's Oven. Of hys autere ;
Thestwons that built George Rtdler's oven,
And thauy qeum from the Bleakeney's quaar; He seyde, hy nere worth a scaloune
And George he .wur a jolly old mon, Alle y-fere.
And his yead it graw'd above his yaw. Tho he hadde hys goddys y-bete,
One thing of George Ridler I must commend, He was abated of alle hys hete.
And that war not a notable theng j To Tho
sendeanoonryjt,
hys semlya nolde he najt lete,
He mead his braags avooie he died,
Wi' any dree brothers his zons zs'hou'd zeng. To Babylonye after lordos grete
To help hym fyjt.
There s Dick the treble and John the mean,
Let every mon zing in his auwn pleace ; MS. Cott. CaHg. A. II. f. St.
And George he wur the elder brother, A Letter to the Editor of the Times, from a poor
And therevoore he would zing the beass,
Man at Andover, on the Union Workhouse*
Mine hostess's moid (and her neaum 'twur Nell) Sir,— -Hunger, as I've heerd say, breaks through
A pretty wench, and I lov'd her well \
I lov'd her well, good reauzon why, Stone Walls ; but yet I shodn't have thought of let-
Because zshe lov'd my dog and I. ting you know about my poor Missus's dt-ath, but
My dog is good to catch a hen, allwiyneibourasay tell it out, and if can't doyo«
no harm and may do others goad, specially as Par-
A duck, or goose is vood for men ; liament Isto meet soon* when the Gentlefoke wlK bo
And where good company I spy, talking about the working foke.
O thether gwoes my dog and I. I be but a farmers working man, and was raarrffctJ
My mwother told I when J wur young, to ray Missus 26 years agone, and have three Chtl-
-If I did vollow the strong-Leer pwoot ; dern living with me, one 10, another 7, and t'other
That drenk would pruv my auverdrow, 3. I be subject to bad rumatiz, and never earoi no
Arid meauk me wear a thzread-bare c woat more, as you may judge, than to pay «otaod k**^1
 XIX
ENGLISH PROVINCIAL DIALECTS.
our bodies and souls together when we be all well. and which I does j and they teJts me theres nothing
I was tended by Mr. Westlake when he was Union proved, that I could aford to pay for the things, and
Doctor, but when the Guardians turned him out it I mite go about my business.
was a bad Job for all the Poor, and a precious bad I just loses three days* work, or pretty handy, by
job for me and mine. this, and that made bad a good bit worse. Next Day
Mr. Payne when he come to be our Union Doctor Mr. Payne comes again, and Missus was so out-
tended upon me up to almost the end of last April, daceous bad, she says cant you give me something
but when I send up to the Union House as usual, to do me good and ease me a bit ; says Mr. Payne, I
Mr. Broad, the Relevlng Officer, send back word dont see you be much worse. Yes, I be, says Missus,
there was nothing for me, and Mr. Payne wodnt and I wish you'd be so good as to let me send for
come no more. I was too bad to work, and had not Mr. Westlake, as I thinks he knows what'd make me
Vjttals for me, the Missus, and the young ones, so I easier, and cure the bad pains I do suffer. Mr. Payne
was forced to sell off the Bed, Bedstead, and furni- abused my Poor Missus, and dared her to do any-
ture of the young ones, to by Vittals with, and then thing of that sort, and so we were feared to do it,
I and Missus and the young ones had only one bed lest I should be pulled up again afore the Justices,
for all of us. Missus was very bad, to, then, but as and lose more days work, and prhaps get sent to
we knowd twere no use to ask the Union for nothink Gaol. Eight days after this Mr. Payne never having
cept we'd ail go into the Workhouse, and which come nist us, and the Union having lowdus nothing
Missus couldn't a bear, as she'd bin parted from the at all, my poor Missus dies, and dies from want, and
childern, she sends down to tell Mr. Westlake how in agonies of pain, and as bad off as if shed been a
bad we was a doing off, and he comes to us ^directly, Savage, for she could only have died of want of them
and tends upon us out of charity, and gives Missus things which she wanted and I couldnt buy if she'd
Mutton and things, which he said, and we know'd been in a foreign land, were there no Parsons and
too well, she wanted of, and he gives this out of his People as I've heard tell be treated as bad as dogs.
own Pocket. Years agone, if any body had been half so bad as
Missus complaint growd upon her and she got so ray Missus, and nobody else would have tended to
very bad, and Mr. Westlake says to us, I do think her, there'd been the clergyman of the parish, at all
the guardians wouldn't let your wife lay here and events, who'd have prayed with her, and seen too
starve, but would do something for you if they that she didn't die of starvation, but our Parson is
knowed how bad you wanted things, and so, says he, j in favor of this here new Law, and as he gets 601. a.
I'll give you a Sejtificate for some Mutton and year from the Guardians, he arnt a going to quarrel
things, and you take it to Mr. Broad, the releving with his Bread and Cheese for the likes of we, and
officer. Well, I does this, and he tells me that hed so he didnt come to us. Altho" he must have knowed
give it to the guardians and let me know what they how ill Missus was ; and she, poor creature, went
said. I sees him again, and O, says he, I gived that out of this here world without any Spiritual consi-
Serttficate to the Guardians, but they chucked it a lation whatsomever from the Poor Man's Church.
one side and said they wouldnt tend to no such We'd but one bed as I've telled you, and only one
thing, nor give you nothing, not even if Missus was Bedroom, and it was very bad to be all in the same
dying, if you has anything to do with Mr, Westlake, Room and Bed with poor Missus after she were
as they had turned him off. dead ; and as I'd no money to pay for a Coffin, I
I told my Missus this, and then says she we must goes to Mr. Broad, then to Mr. Majer, one of the
try to get their Union Doctor, Mr. Payne, as we can't Guardians, and then to the overseers, and axes all
go on for ever taking things from Mr. WestJake's of 'em to find a Coffin, but 'twere no use, and so,
Pocket, and he turned out of Place, and so good to not knowing what in the World to do, off I goes to
many poor folks beeidee us. So we gets Mr. Payne tell Mr. Westlake of it, and he was soon down at the
after a bit to come down ; and he says to Missus House, and blamed me much for not letting he know
you're very bad, and I shall order the Union to send afore Missus died, and finding we'd no food nor fire,
you Mutton and other things. Next Week Mr. nothing for a shrowd cept we could wash up some-
Payne calls again, and asks Missus did she have the thing, and that we'd no soap to do that with, he
thiugs he'd ordered for her to have ? She says I've gives us something to get these ere things, and tells
had a shillings worth of Mutton, Sir. Why, says me to go again to the Releving Officer and t'others
he, you wants other things besides Mutton, and I and try and get a Coffin, and to tell un Missus ought
ordered them for you in the Union Book, and you to be burried as soon as possible, else t'would make
ought to have them in your bad state. This goes on us all ill. This I does as afore, but get nothing,
for 5 or 6 weeks, only a shillings worth of Mutton a and then Mr. Westlake give me an order whereto
Week being allowed her, and then one Week a little get a Coffin, and il he had not stood a friend tome
Gin was allowed, and after that as Missus couldnt and mine, I can't think what would have become of
get out of bed a Woman was sent to nurse and help em, as twas sad at Nights to see the poor little things
her. pretty nigh break their hearts when they seed their
I didnt ask Mr. Payne to order these ere things, poor dead mother by their side upon the Bed.
tho* bad enof God knows they was wanted ; but in My troubles wasnt to end even here, for strang to
the first week in last November I was served with a tell the Registrer for Deaths for this District dont
summons to tend afore our Mayor and Justices under live in this the largest Parish with about 6000 inha-
the Vagrance Act; I think they said twas cause I bitants, but at a little Village of not more than 400
had not found these things for Missus myself; but People and 5 Miles off, so I had to walk there and
the Union Doctor had ordered em of the Guardians back 10 miles, which is very hard upon ~us poor folk,
on his sponsibility. Well, I attends afore the and what is worse when I got there the Registrer
Justices, and there was nothing against me, and so wasnt up ; and when he got up he wouldnt tend to me
they puts it off, and orders me to tend afore em afore hed had his breakfast, and I was aforced to wait
again next week, which I does, and then there wasnt about until hed had done breakfast, and it seemed as
enof for em to send me to Gaol, as the Guardians 'twas a very Jong time for a poor chap like me to be
wanted, for a Month, and they puts it off again for kept a waiting, whilst a man who is paid for doing
another Week, and say* I must come afore cm again, what I wanted won't do such little work a» that
 ENGLISH PEOVINCIAL DIALECTS.

afore here made hisself comfortable, tho' I tolled Ys hew bigon to wede,
him how bad I wanted to get back, and that I should So clene he was y-gon,
loose a Day by his keeping me waiting about. That heu ne hade he non ;
That this is mostly the fault of the Guardians Ys herte gan to blede.
rather than anybody else is my firm beleif, tho' if Care and kunde of elde
Mr. Payne had done his duly hed a been with Missus Maketh mi body felde,
many times afore she died and not have left her as That y ne mai stonde upriht ;
he did, when he knowed she was so bad, and hed a Ant min herte unbolde,
made un give her what she wanted ; but then he Ant mi body to colde,
must do, he says, just what the Guardians wishes, and That er thou wes so lyht.
that arnt to attend much on the Poor, arid the Re- Ant mi body thunne,
leving Officer is docked if what he gives by even the Such is worldes wunnc,
Doctors orders arnt proved of by the Guardians This day me thinketh MS.nyht.
Harl. 2253, f. ,
aterward, and he had to pay for the little Gin the
Doctor ordered out of his own Pocket, and, as the
Newspaper says, for the Nurse, as this was put in (2) From an English translation of Macer
our Paper by I'm sure I don't know who, but I be- virtutibus herbarum, made by John Lelamou
lieves tis true, last week. scolemaister of Herforde, 1373.
And now, Sir, I shall leave it to you to judge Mowsere growith lowe by the grownde, and ber
whether the Poor can be treated any where so bad a yellowe floure. Drinke the juis with wyne otl
as they be in the Andover Union,
ale, and anoynte the reynes and the ba-k with t
blode of a fox, for the stone. Also stampe him a
HEREFORDSHIRE. mylfoly togadyr, and drinke that juis with wh
The pronoun a is used for he, she, or it. Strong wyne, and that wille make one to pisse. Also drin
the juis with stale ale, a seke man that is wound
preterits axe current, climb, clomb, heave, hove, and yf he holdithe that drinke he shallc lyfe, and
pick, puck, shake, shuck, squeeze, sguoze, &c. he caste hit he shalle dye. Also drinke the juis
The dialect of this county must he classed as he- this erbe for the squynancy. MS. Stoane 5, f. ;
longing
is used into rather
the Midland division.
a peculiar manner.The Instead
word^'z^of
HUNTINGDONSHIRE.
saying, I have hut just returned, they say I re-
There seem to he no peculiarities of diale*
turned but just. A ,list of Herefordshire words
is given in Duncumb's History of Hereford, andhere which are not common to the adjoinir«
a more extended one has recently been, sepa- county of Cambridgeshire. They say mort ff
a quantity; a mort of people, a mort of rai<
rately published, 8vo. 1839* I am indebted for
many words not to be found in either of these to
To-year for this year, like to-day or to-morrot
Wonderful for very ; his pain were wonderft
lists given me by Sir S. R. Meyrick, T. W. Lane,
Esq., and Mr. Perry. great. To get himself ready, for to dress bin
self ; he is too weak to get himself ready. If
•}1) From Maximon, a tale in a MS. written in disorder or illness of any kind be inquired foi
Herefordshire of the time of Edward IL
Herkne to my ron, they never say it is better or worse, but that'
As ich ou telle con, better, or that's worse, with an emphasis on tha,
Of elde al hou yt gos, The Rev. Joseph Homer kindly favoured m<
Of a mody mon, with a list of the few provincial words whic:
Hihte Maxumon, may be peculiar to this county.
Soth withoute les.
Clerc he was ful god, ISLE OF WIGHT.
So mom mon understod.
Nou herkne hou it wes. The dialect of the native inhabitants of this
island differs in many respects from the county
Ys wille he hevede y-noh,
Purpre and pal he droh, to^which it is opposite. The accent is rather
Ant other murthes mo. mincing than broad, and has little of the vulgar
He wes the feyrest mon, character of the "West country
With-outen Absolon, tendency to insert y in the middle dialects. The
of words may
That seththe wes ant tho. be remarked, and the substitution of vfoi /is
Tho laste is lyf so longe, not uncommon among the peasantry, but by no
That he bigan unstronge, means general. The pronunciation may gene*
As mony tides so. rally be correctly represented by the duplication
Him con rewe sore of the vowels.
Al is wilde lore,
For elde him dude so wo ; No printed glossary of Isle of Wight provin-
So sone as elde him com
cialisms has yet appeared, but a very valuable
Ys hoc an honde he nom,
one in MS., compiled by Captain Henry Smith,
Ant gan of reuthes rede, was most kindly placed at my disposal by his
Of his herte ord relative, Charles Roach Smith, Esq. F.S.A. It
He made moni word, has been fully used in the folio wing pages. Use-
Ant of is ly ves dede. ful communications have also been received
He gan mene is mone ; from E. J. Vernon, Esq., Dr, Bromfield, and
80 feble were is bone, Dr. Salter.
 ENGLISH PROVINCIAL DIALECTS.

Specimen of the hie of Wight dialect. And though myn English be &ympillto tnyn entent,
Hold me excusid, for I was borne in Kent.
Jan. What's got there you ? MS. Laud, 416, f.49.
Will. A blastnashun straddlebob craalun about in the
nammut bag. The principal peculiarity in this MS. seems to
Jan. Straddlebob ! "W here ded'st leyarn to caal'nby consist in e being the prefix to the verb instead
that neyam ?
of i or y. For a long period, however, the dia-
Will. Why, what shoud e caal'n ? tes the right neyam lect of the Kentish peasantry was strongly
esn ut ?
Jan. Right marked. In a rare tract entitled, "How the
zee neyam, no ! why ye gurt 2ote vool, casn't
tes a Dumbledore? Plowman lerned : his Paternoster," a character is
thus mentioned
Will. I knows tes, but vur aal that Straddlebob's 20
right a neyam vorn as1 Dumbledore ez. He was patched, torne, and all to-rente ;
Jan. Come, I'll be deyand if I doant laay thee a quart It semed by his langage that he was borne in Rente.
o' that.
ReliquitB Antiqua, vol. i. p, 46.
Will. Done I and I'll ax meyastur to night when I The following very curious passage from
goos whooam, bee't how 't wool. Caxton will further illustrate this fact :
(Accordingly mejastur was applied to by Will,
who made his decision known to Jan the And certaynly our langage now used varyeth
next morning.) ferre from that whiche was used and spoken whan I
Will. I zay, Jan ! 1 axed meyastur about that are was borne, for we Englysshemen ben borne under
last night. the domynacyon of the mone, whiche is never sted-
Jan, Well ! what ded 'ur zay ? faste, but ever waverynge, wexynge one season, arid
Will. Why a zed one neyam ez jest zo vittun vorn as waneth and dyscreaseth another season ; and that
tother, and he louz a ben caald Straddlebob comyn Englysshe that is spoken in one shyre varyeth
ever zunce the Island was vust meyad, from another, Insomoche that in my dayes happened
Jan. The devvul a hav I if that's the keeas I spooas I that certayu marchauntes were in a shippe in
lost the quart. Tamyse for to have sayled over the see into
Will. That theehas't lucky 1 and we'll goo down to Zelande, and for lacke of wynde, thei taryed atte
Arverton to the Red Lion and drink un ater Forlond, and wente to lande for to refreshe them.
we done work. And one of theym, named Sheffelde, a mercer, cam
into an hows and axed for mete, and specyally he
KENT. axyd after eggys ; and the goode wyf auswerde that
The modern Kentish dialect is slightly broad, she coude speke no Frenshe, and the marchaunt was
indeed more so than that of Surrey or Sussex. angry, for he also coude speke no Frenshe, but wolde
have hadde egges, and she understode hym not;
Daiy, plaiy, waiy, for day, play, way, &c. They and thenne at laste another sayd that he wolde have
say who for how, and vice versa. Mate, instead eyren. Then the good wyf sayd that she understod
of boy or lad, is the usual address amongst hym wel. Loo, what sholde a man in thyse dayes
equals. The interchange of « and w is common now wryte egges or eyren 1 Certaynly it is harde to
here as well as in the metropolis. As in most playse every man, bycause of dyversite and chauuge
parts of England, the pronunciation of names of of langage. Caxton's Eneydos, 1490.
places differs very much from the orthography, (1) Extract from the Ayenbyte of Inwyt, MS.
e. g. Sunnuck for Sevenoaks, Dairnfor Darenth, Arundel 57, ff. 86-87.
Leusum for Lewisham, &c. No glossary of Me ret ine lives of holy vaderes thet an holy man
Kentish words has yet been published, unless we tealde hou he com to by monek, and zede hou thet
he heddey-by ane payenes zone, thetwes a prest to
may so style a short list of words in Lewis's the momenettes. And tho he wes a child on time
History and Antiquities of the Isle of Tenet,
1736, pp. 35-39, but I have received valuable ane temple
mid 'his vader priveliehe :
communications from the Rev. M. H. Lloyd, theryede
he yzej the
he into gratne dyevel thet zet ope ane
vyealdinde stole, and al his mayne aboute him.
John Brent, Esq., the Rev. Thomas Streatfeild, Ther com on of the princes, and leat to him ; tho he
the Rev. L. B. Larking, John Pemberton Bart- him aksede the ilke thet zet ine the stole huannes
lett, Esq., the Rev. Dr. Hussey, Thomas Wright, he com, and he ansuerede thet he com vram an-
Esq., Miss Cotterell, J. R. Hughes, Esq., and londe huer he hedde arered and y-mad manye vwco
A. J. Dunkin, Esq. An early song in this dia- and manye ^tinges, zuo thet tnoche vclk wercn
lect occurs in Ravenscroft's Melismata, 1 511. y-sslaje, and moche blod ther y-ssed. The maystev
"We have a most curious specimen of the him acsede ine hou moche time he hette thety-do,
and \ +. ansuerede ine thritti dajes. He him zede,
Kentish dialect of the fourteenth century (1340)
Ine ziO moche time hest zuo lite y-do ? Tho he
in the Ayenbyte of Inwyt, a MS. in the Arundel het thet ha wer rijt wel y-beate, and evele y-draje.
collection. An extract from it will be found at Efter than com another thet alsuo to him leat ase
ha
P. 801, and another is here given. The change f the ver&te. The mayster him acsede huawues
of/ into V, and s into z, are now generally pecu- com, He ansuerede thet he com vram the ze hurt
liar to the West country dialect, but appear at be hedde y-mad manye tempestes, vele ssipes to*
this early period to have extended over the broke, and moche volk adreyct. The maister acsed*
South of England. In the next century, the ine hou long time. He ansuerede ine tuenti da$e«.
broadness of the dialect was not so general. At He zayde, Jne zuo moche time hesj zuo lite y*do?
century, in a MS. Efterward com the thrldde, thet ansuerede thet t*
least, a poem of the fifteenth
at Oxford, written in Kent, is remarkably pure, com vram ane cite1 huer he hedde y-by at an*
bredale, and ther he hedde arered and y-mad cheaste*
although the author excuses himself for his and string zuo thet raoche volk thei were y-slaje,
language : and ther-to he hedde y- sla^e thane hosebounde, TU
 XX11 ENGLISH PROVINCIAL DIALECTS*
mafeter him acsede hou long time he zette thet vor But what queer'd me, he sdd 'twas kep
to done. He ansuerede thet ine ten dajes. Tho he All roun about de church ;
het thet he were wel y-byate vor thet he hedde zuo An how dey had him up de steps,
longe abide thet to done without more. Ate lasten An left him in de lurch.
com another to-vore the prince, and to him he beaj ; At last he got into de street,
and he him acsede, huannes comst thou? He An den he lost his road ;
ansuerede thet he com vram the errnitage buer he An Bet an he come to a gate,
hedde y -by vourti yer >or to vo»Ji ane monekof Where all de soadgers stood.
formcacion, thet is the zenne c* iecherle, and zuo Den she ketcht fast hold av his han,
rnoc-he ich habbe y-do thet ine thise nyjt ich bine
habbe overcome, and y-do him vahs Into the zenne. For she was rather scar'd ;
Tho Ihip op the mayster, and him feeate and be- Tom sed, when fust he see 'em stan,
clepte, and dede the corouneope his he?ed,sn dede He thought she'd be a-fared.
him zittebezide him, and to him zede tha<. he hedde
grat thing y-do and grat prowesse. Tho zayde the LANCASHIRE.
guode man thet huanne he hedde thet y-hyerd and The dialect of Lancashire is principally known
thet y-zoje, he thojte thet hit were grat thing to by by Collier's Dialogue, published under the name
monek, and be tho encheysoun he becom monek. of Tim Bobbin. A glossary of the fifteenth cen-
tury, written in Lancashire, is preserved in MS.
(2) Extract from MS. Laud. 416, written by Lansd. 560, f. 45. A letter in the Lancashire
a native of Kent about 1460.
Also use not to pley at the dice ne at the tablis, dialect occurs in Braithwaite's Two Lancashire
Me none maner garays uppon the holidais ; Lovers, 1640, and other early specimens are
Use no tavernys where be jestis and fablis, given in Heywood's Late Lancashire
4to. 1634,
Syngyng of lewde balettes, rondelettes, or virolais ; and ShadwelPs Lancashire Witches,
Witches,
Nor erly in mornyng to fecche home fresch mais, 4to. 1682. The glossary at the end of Tim
Forytmakyth maydins to stomble and falle in the Bobbin is imperfect as a collection for the county,
breirs, and I have been chiefly indebted for Lancashire
And afterward they telle her councele to the freirs. words to my father, Thomas Halliwell, Esq.
Nowy-wisyt were wele done to know Brief notes hare also been received from the
The dyfference bytwene a damselle and a maide, Rev. L. Jones, George Smeeton, Esq., the Rev.
For alle bene lyke whan they stond in a row ; Dr. Hume, G. R. Spencer, Esq., and Mr. R.
But I wylle telle what experience said, Proctor. The features of the dialect will be
And in what wyse they be entyrid and araied ;
Maydyns were callis of silk and of thred,
seen from the following specimens ; o ando?< are
And damsellis kerchevis pynnid uppon ther hed. changed into a, ea into o, al into att, g into £,
long o into oz, and d final into t. The Saxon
Wyffis may not to chirch tille they be entyred, termination en is retained, but generally mute.
Ebridyllidand paytrellid, to shew her aray,
And fetyd alle abowte as an hacony to be hyred j
Than she lokyth aboute her if eny be so gay ; (1) Extract
betweenfrom Tim andBobbin's
Tiimmw Meary. Dialogue
And oon thyng I comend, which is most to my pay,
Ther kerchef hanggyth so low, that no man can M* Odds-fish! boh that wur breve. I wou'd I'd
a-spye, bin eh yore Kele.
To loke undimethe oons to shrew her eie. T. Whau whau, boh theawst hear. It wur o dree
Jangelyng in chirche among hem is not usid, wey too to ; heawe'er I geet there be su«e o'clock,
on before eh opp'nt dur, I coven Nip with th*
To telle alle her howswyfry of the weke byfore j Cleawt, ot eh droy inch nose weh, t'let him see hcaw
And also her husbondis shalle not be accusid, I stoarther. Then I opp'nt dur; on vrhot te tlule
Now crokyd and crabbed they bene ever more ; dust chink, boh three little tyney Baajlyhj-fwitscoom
And suche thyngges lo ! they can kepe no store,
They bene as close and covert as the horn of weaughing os if th' little ewals wou'd o worrit me,
on after that swallut me whick: Boh presently
Gabrielle, there coom o fine wummon ; on I took her for a hoo
That wylle not be herd but from hevyn to heller justice, hoor so meety fine : F.T I heard Ruchott
(3) From Dick and Sa2r a modern poem in the o' Jack's tell meh meastor, that hoo justices awlus
Kentish dialect, did th' mooast o'th' wark : Heawe'er, I axt hur if
Ya see, when Middlemas come roun, Mr. justice wuro whoam ; hoocou'd naw opp'n Hiir
I thought dat Sal and I meawth t' sey eigh, or now j boh simpurt on sed !**,
(the dickkons iss hur on him too) -Setl I, I wudfji Va
Ud go to Canterbury town, tell him I'd fene speyk to him.
To see what we cud buy*
Fer when I liv'd at Challock Leys,
Our Secont-man had been :
(2) A Letter printed and distributed in the
procession that was formed at Manchester in
An wonce, when we was carrin peas, commemoration of free trade.
He told me what Xe'd sin. Bury, July 15th, 1846.
He said dare was a teejus fair, To MB LAWRJ> JHO» Russaia,— -Well, m«
Dat lasted for a wick ;
An all de ploughmen dat went dare, Lawrd, yoan gett'n ut last up to th* top o' th' lad-
Must ear dair shining stick. thur, un th' heemust stave asnt brokk'n wj yo thi»
time us it did afore, Waystseei' t'ueaw wet&ur yo,
An how dat dare was nable rigs, kun keepyurstonnin ur not? »wm raythar fyert 1$,
A» Merriander's jokes; yoan find it slippy unnoan aa£e footing but. ty$tw*
:s, shows, an whirligigs, sumevvur, thirs nawt like thryin.
1 sights a folks. But wot'r yo fur dooin ?^ y^ *eemu to think nto
 XX1U
ENGLISH PROVINCIAL DIALECTS.
vast dyel o things wants mendin, un yo thinkn reel, An theer too, hoo stade ful five markit days,
for they dun ;— but kon yo mannidge um ? ° Yur fUst Til th' mon, wi th' mare, were coom to Raunley
job '11 be a twoff un ; un tho It'll be o sweet subjek,
it'll ha sum seawr stuff obeawt it. But seawr ur not As Shaw's.
Grace was restin won day in hur rowm,
yo mun stick likebreek, un not let that cantin, Hoorun,spydt th' mon a ridin o th' mare down the town.
leawsy stuft obeawt "slave-groon un free-groon Bounce gus hur hart, an hoo wer so glopen
«top yo. Bless me life, mon ! its anoof to gie won That out o th' windo hoo'd like fort lopen.
th' bally wratch to yer o set o gawnblins uts beyyin, Hoo staumpdt, an hoo star'dt> an down stairs hoo
un spinnin, un weyvin, un warin slave-groon kottn
eitch day o thir lives, tawk obeawt thir konshunsus Wi' th' hat under th* arm, an windt welly gon.
not lettin um sweetn thir faybry pie fur th' chilthur Hur hed-gear flew off, an so did hur snowd,
wi o bit o slave-groon shugur. It's oa humbug, me Hoowood.
staumpdc, an hoo star'dt, as an hoo*d been
Lawrd, un tell um aw say so. Stick yo fast to the
skame o' having oa th' dewties olike : but yo may To Raunley's hoo hy'd, an hoo hove up th' latch,
slip eawt thoos twothrey yer ut yore fur keepin up o Afore th' mon, had teed th' mare welly too th' cratch.
dirferuiice, us soon us ynn o mind. We tun spare Me gud mon, quo hoo, frend, hee greets yau merry.
om wen wer bizzy. An desires yau'd send him money for Berry.
Sum o yur skames ur weel onoof : but th' main Ay, money, quo hee, that I connau spare : '
thing '11 be for yo to ta care to spend us little brass Belakin,
seen ; quo hoo, but then He ha th' mare.
us yo kon, un giv us o gud thrade. Hoo poodt, an hoo thromperdt him, shaum't be
Yoan lettn Sur Robbut (yoa knoan he's a Berry
muffun we're sharp chaps) — aw say yoan lettn Sur Thou hangman, quo hoo, He poo out thin een :
Robbut get howd o yur tools and wurtch wi um He mak thee asompan, haud thee a groat
wonst, wi not beein sharp onooff. He made o gud He oth'r ha' th' money, or poo out the throat;
hondlin on um, too unsgettn t'wajus for his wark, 'Tween them they made such a wearison din,
tho' t'skame wur years, un iv yo dunuut mind he'll That for t* intreat them, Raunly Shaw coom in,
do t'same ogen. He'll let yo get th* patthurns reddy, Coom, fy, fy, naunt Grace, coom, fy, an a doou ;
and make t*kestins, un t'bowts, un t'skrews, un What, deel, ar yau monkeen, or ar yau woon ?
sitchn : but he'll put t'mosheen togethur, un dray Belakin, quo hee, yau lane so hard on —
th' wage ut th' Sethurde neet, iv yo aimut yur een mon, now that th' woman has quite spoildt th
I think
obeawt yo.
Dunnot be fyert, mon, but rap eawt wi awtuts Coom, fy, fy, naunt Grace, coom* fy, an a doon ;
reet, un us Berry foke '11 elp yo us ard as we kon. Yaust ha* th' mare, or th' money, whether yau won
Wayii helpt Kobdin, un wayu elp yo, if yoan set So Grace got th' money, an whoornwardt hoo's gon,
obeawt yur wark gradely. Hoo keeps it aw, *n gees Gilbert Scott non.
Wayre havvin o greyt stur to day heer for1 us
wurtchin foke, un wayre to have doance o Munday LEICESTERSHIRE.,
neet. Aw nobbut wush ut yo k'd kum deawn un The dialect of this county has been entirely
see us — yoad see sitch o seet un yer sitch sheawtin
yoa ne'er seed nur i yor life. They konnut sheawt neglected, with the exception of a few brief
i Lunnon— its nobbot gradely butthermilk un por- remarks in Macaulay's History of Claybrook,
ritch Lankeshur lads ut kun sheawt woth koin 1791 ; but it deserves a careful study. A valu-
shtawtin. able glossary of Leicestershire words was given
But yo mun ne'er heed, Lawrd John. Dunnot me by Mr. John Gibson, but too late to be used
be fyert, us aw sed ofore, but ston up for wots reet,
in the early part of the work.
un iv t' parlyment winnit let yo ha yer oan rode, The dialect of the common people, though broad,
kum eawt, un let t' gangway kawves thry how thay is sufficiently plain and intelligible. They have a
kun seawk t' public pap. strong propensity to aspirate their words; the letter
Awm noan yust to ritin, un aw feel tyert, so aw
h comes in almost oa every occasion where it ought
rnun lyev awt moor ut aw av to say tell me honst's not, and is as frequently omitted where it ought to
restut itsel. So aw remain, me Lawrd,
Yours for evvur, come in, The words fine, mine, and suchlike, aie
BURY MUFF. pronounced as if they were spelt foine, moine ; place,
face, &c. as if they were spelt pteace, feace; and in
(3) A Lancashire Ballad. the plural sometimes you hear pleacen f cloten for
Vovf, aw me gud gentles, an yau won tarry, closes i and many other words in the same style of
Saxon termination. The words there and where
ille tel how Gilbert Scott soudn's mare Berry.
He soudn's mare Berry at Warikin fair ; are generally pronounced thus, theere,. wheere; the
When heel bepade, hee knows not, ere or nere. words mercy t deserve, &c. thus, marcy, foaarve. The
Soon as hee coom whoom, an toud his wife Grace, following peculiarities of pronunciation are likewise
observable : uz, strongly aspirated, for us, war for
Hon up wi th' kippo, an swat him ore th' face ;
Hoo pickdt him oth' hilloc, wi sick a thwack, was, meed for maid, foAHher for father, e'ery for every-
That hoo had whel ni a brokken his back. Irig for bridge, thurrough forfwrow, bate/for half,
Thou hooer, quo hee, wo't but lemme rise, c&tt-rit for rut, malefbctory for mtmtifaet&ry, inacf
He gi thee auth' leet, wench, that imme lies. tiuus for anxious. <-
Thou udgit, quo hoo, but wher dus fo.ee dwel ? Macavtay's Claylroofc, 1791, pp. 128-&
Belakin, quo hee, but I connan tel.
I tuck him to be sum gud greslmon's son ; LINCOLNSHIRE.
He spent too pense on mee when bee had doon.
The river Witham may be considered with
He gmmeealunch'no deutysnig py,
An shaukdtmeebith' haundt most lovingly, tolerable accuracy the boundary line between
Then Grace, hoo prompdt hur, so neeat an so ne. the Northern and Southern dialects of the
To War'kin hoo went, o Wensday betime. county, which differ considerably froit each
 ENGLISH PROVINCIAL DIALECTA.
Yees, that he did, so make thee haste.
ether ; the former being more nearly allied to And git thee sen made smart and pretty,
that of Yorkshire, the latter to the speech of We yaller ribbon round the waist,
East Anglia, hut neither are nearly so broad as The same as oud Squire Lowden's Kitty.
the more Northern dialects. Many singular And I'll go fetch my sister Bess,
phrases are in use. They say, Very not well, I'm sartin sure she's up and ready,
I used to could, You shouldn't have ought, &c. Come gie's a bus, thou can't do less,
The Lincolnshire words were partially collected Says Sally, No, thou musn't, Neddy,
by Skinner in the seventeenth century, but no See, yonder's Bess a cummin cross
regular glossary has yet appeare d. This defi- The fields, we lots o' lads and lasses,
ciency, however, as far as the present work is All haim be haim, and brother Joss
concerned, has been amply supplied by as many A shouting to the folks as passes.
as nineteen long communications, each forming Odds dickens, Sail, we'll hev a spree,
Me heart's as light as ony feather,
a small glossary by itself, and of peculiar value, There's not a chap dost russel me,
from the Rev. James Adcock of Lincoln, to
dg- Not all the town's chaps put together.
whom I beg to return my best acknowle
I
ments. have also to acknowledge assistance
MIDDLESEX.
from Sir E. F. Bromhead, Bart., the Rev. Dr. The metropolitan county presents little in iti
Oliver, Robert Goodacrts, Esq., T. R. Jackson, dialect worthy of remark, being for the most
Esq., Mr. E. Johnson, and papers kindly inserted part merely a coarse pronunciation of London
at my suggestion in the Lincoln Standard. slang and vulgarity. The language of the lower
orders of the metropolis is pictured very faith-
(1) Extract from MS. Digby 86, written in fully in the works of Mr. Dickens. The inter-
Lincolnshire, temp. Edw. L change ofv and w is a leading characteristic.
Nijtingale, thou havest wrong, Some of the old cant words, mixed with nume-
Wolt thou me senden of this lond, rous ones of late formation, are to be traced in
For ich holde with the rijtte; the London slang.
I take witnesse of sire Wawain,
That Jhesu Crist gaf mijt and main. The Thimble A*^.
And strengths for to fijtte. " Now, then, my jolly sportsmen I I've got
So wide so hehevede i-gon, more money than the parson of the parish. Those
Trewe ne founde he nevere non as don't play can't vln, and those as are here harnt
Bidayenehinijtte. there ! I'd hold any on you, from a tanner to a
Fowel, for thi false mouth, sovereign, or ten, as you don't tell which thimble
sawe theshal ben wide couth, * the pea is under." " It's there, sir." <« I barr tell-
ThiI rede fie with mijtte. ings." "I'll go it again." «« Vat you don't see
Ich habbe leve to ben here, don't look at, and vat you do sec don't tell. Ill'
In orchard and in erbere, hould you a soveren, sir, you don't tell me vitch
thimble the pea is under." *' Lay him, sir, (in a
Mine songes for to singe ; whisper) ; it's under the middle'un. 1*11 go you
Herdi nevere bino levedi,
Bote hendinese and curteysi, halves." *« Lay him another; that's right." *< I'm
blow'd but we've lost j who'd a thought it ?" Smack
And joye hy gunnen me bringe. goes the flat's hat over his eyes ; exit the confederates
Of muchele murthe hy telleth me, with a loud laugh.
Fere, also I telle the,
Hy liveth in longinginge. NORFOLK.
Fowel, thou sitest on hasel bou, " The most general and pervading charac-
Thou lastest hem, thou havest wou,
Thi word shal wide springe. teristic of our pronunciation," observes Mr.
Forby, " is a narrowness and tenuity, precisely
Hit springethr wide, wel ich wot, the reverse of the round, sonorous, mouth-filling
Hou tel hit him that hit not, tones of Northern English, The broad and open
This sawes ne beth nout newe ; sounds of vowels, the rich and fall tones of
Fowel, herkne to mi sawe,
Ich wile the telle of here lawe, diphthongs, are generally thui reduced." The
Thounefcepest nout hem, I knowe. same writer enters very minutely into the sub-
Thenk on Constantines quene, ject of the peculiarities of this dialect, and his
Foul wel hire semede fow and grene, glossary of East Angliai words, 2 vols. 8vo.
Hou sore hit son hire rewe : 1830, is the most complete publication of the
Hoe fedde a erupel in hire hour, kind. A brief list of Norfolk words is given in
And helede him with covertour, Brown's Certain Miscellany Tracts, 8vo. 1684,
Loke wai -wlmmen ben trewe. Reliq. Antiq. p, 146. A glossary of the provincialisms of the
same county occurs in Marshall's Rural Economy
(2) From *' Neddy and Sally ; a Lincolnshire of Norfolk, 1 787, and observations on the dialect
tale" by John Brown! 12mo. n. d. in Erratics
Cum, Sail, its time we started now these, I havebyhad a Sailor, 1809.' In
the advantage addition
of using to
com-
munications from the Rev. George Munford, the
Yon's Farmer Haycock's lasses *eady
And maistersays he'll feed the cow, Very Rev. F. C Husenbeth, Mrs. Robins, and
Goddard Johnson, Esq,
JHe didn't say so, — did ho Neddy
 XX?

ENGLISH PROVINCIAL DIALECTS.

A vocabulary of the fifteenth century, written NOTTINGHAMSHIRE

in Norfolk, is preserved in MS. Addit. 12195, Formerly belonged in dialect to the Northern
but the Promptorium Parvulorum is a much division, but may now, I believe, be included in
more valuable and extensive repository of early the Midland. I speak, however, with uncer-
Norfolk words. A MS. of Capgrave's Life of tainty, no work on the Nottinghamshire dialect
St. Katherine in the Bodleian Library, MS. having yet appeared.
Bawl. Poet. 118, was written in this county. It
would appear from the following passage that
From a Treatise on the Fistula in ano, by John
Norfolk was, in early times, one of the least re- Arderne, of Newark.
fined parts of the island :
I wende riflynge were restitution, qxiod he, Johan Arderne fro the first pestelence that was in
For I lerned nevere rede on boke ; the yere of our Lord 1349, duelled in Newerke in
And I kan no Frensshe, in feith, Notinghamschire unto the yere of ow Lorde 1370,
But of the fertheste ende of Northfolk. and ther I heled many men of fistula in ano; of
Piers Ploughman, ed. Wright, p. 91. which the first was Sir Adam Everyngham of Laxtorc
in the Clay byside Tukkesford, whiche Sir Adam
(1) Old Measures of Weight. for sothe was in Gascone with Sir Henry that tyme
From MS. Cotton, Claudius E. viii.- fol. 8, of the four- named herle of Derby, and after was made Duke of
teenth century, written at Norwich* Lancastre, a noble and worthy lord. The forsaid
Sex waxpunde makiet .j. ledpound. .xij. led- Sir Adam forsoth sufferend fistulam w a«o, made for
punde .j. fotmel. .xxiiij. fotmel .j. fothir of Bris- to aske counsell at alle the lechez and corurgienz that
touwe, ys haved .cc. and .xxviijti. wexpound. he myght fynd in Gascone, at Burdeux, at Brig-
Sex waxpunde makiet .j. leedpound. .xviij leed- gerac, Tolows, and Neyybon, and Peyters,and many
pund .j. Iced bole, .xviij. leed boles, j. fothir of the other places, and alle forsoke hym for uncurable;
Northleondea, ys haat .xc, and .xiiij. leed punde, whiche y-se and y-herde, the forsaid Adam hastied
that beeth .xix. hundryd and foure and fourti wex- for to torne home to his contree, and when he come
punde, and ys avet more bi six and leed home he did of al his knyghtly clothings, and cladde
punde, that beeth to hundred and sextene wexpunde. mournyng clothes in purpose of abydyng dissolvyng
Sevene waxpund makiet onleve ponde one waye, or Jesyng of his body beyng nyj to hym. At the laste
twelf weyen on fothir, this aveit two thousand and I forsaid Johan Arderne y-sojt, and covenant y-made,
.ix. score and foure wexpund, that beeth thre hun- come to hyme and did my cure to hym, and, our
dryd and twelfve leedpound, this his more than that Lorde beyng mene, I heled hyme perfitely within
of the Norethland be foure and thrittimore of leed- halfe a yere, and afterward hole and sound heledde
poundes, that beeth foure and twenti lasse. a glad life 30 yere and more. For whiche cure I gate
(2) Norfolk Degrees of Comparison. myche honour and lovyng thurj alle Ynglond; and
the forsaid Duke of Lancastre and many other gen-
Positive. Comparative. Superlative. tilez wondred therof. Afte[r]ward I cured Hugon
Little . Less . . Least Derlyng of Fowick of Balne by Snaythe. Afterward
Lesser . . Lessest. I cured Johan Schefeld of Rightwelle aside Tekille.
Lesserer . Lesserest. MS. Slaane 563, f. 124.
Lesserer still Lessest of all.
Littler . . Littlest.
Tiny . Tinier . • Tiniest. OXFORDSHIRE.
Titty . Tittier . Tittiest. The provincial speech of this county has none
of the marked features of the Western dialect,
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE.
A midland dialect, less broad and not so although many of the Gloucestershire and Wilt-
shire words are in use. The Oxfordshire dialect
similar to the Northern as Warwickshire. I have may be described as rather broad, and at the
to acknowledge communications on the dialect same time sharp, with a tendency to contrac-
of this county from the Rev. J« B. P. Dennis, tion. Us is used instead of /, as in some other
and Charles Young, Esq. counties. There are not a large number of
NORTHUMBERLAND. words quite peculiar to the county, and no glos-
Northumberland has a dialect the most broad sary has yet been published. Kennett has pre-
served many now obsolete, and I am indebted
of all the English counties, nearly approaching for several to Mr. A. Chapman, and Francis
the Scotch, the broadest of all English dialects. Francillon, Esq. In the sixteenth century, the
The Scottish bur is heard in this county and in Oxfordshire dialect was broad Western. In
the North of Durham. A large number of spe-
'-Jmens of the dialect have been published, and Scogin's Jests, we have an Oxfordshire rustic
introduced, saying ichfor I, dis for this, Baylor
the provincial words have been collected by Mr. fay, chill for I will, vor for for, &c.
Brockett, but no extensive glossary of words
peculiar to the county has been published sepa- RUTLANDSHIRE.
rately. Ashort list, however, is given in Ray's The dialect of Rutlandshire possesses few, if
English Words, ed. 1691 ; and others, recently
collected, were sent me by George B. Richardson, any, features not to be found in the adjoining
Esq. and the Rev. R. Douglas. An early speci- counties. It would appear to be most similar to
men of the Northumberland dialect occurs in that of Leicestershire, judging from a communi-
Bullein'* Dialogue, 1564, reprinted in Waldron's cation on the subject frc.ra the Rev. A. S,
notes to the Sad Shepherd, p. 187. Atchesoti.
XXVI ENGLISH PROVINCIAL DIALECTS.
SHROPSHIRE. Mervel 36 not of this makyng
Fore I me excuse, hit is not I ;
In the modern dialect of this county,^ is fre- This was the Hol<i Cost wercheng,
quently changed into o or e ; c into q, co into qu ; That sayd these wordis so fay thfully j
d final is often suppressed or commuted into t in Fore I quoth never bot hye foly,
the present tense ; e is sometimes lengthened at God hath me chastyst fore my levyng t
the commencement of a word, as eend, end, and I thong my God my grace treuly
it is frequently changed into a / #is often omitted Fore his gracious vesityng.
before h; the h is almost invariably wrongly Beware, seris, Ijouepray,
Fore I mad this with good entent,
used, omitted where it should be pronounced, In the reverens of God omnipotent ;
and pronounced where it should be omitted ; i Prays fore me that beth present,
is changed into ei or e ; I into w ; o is generally My name is Jon the blynd Awdlay.
lengthened ; r when followed by s is often drop- The similarities between the dialect of Aude-
ped, the s in such cases being doubled ; t is en- lay's poems and that of modern Shropshire are
tirely dropped in many words where it precedes not very easily perceptible. The tendency to
s, and is superseded by e, especially if there be turn o into 0, and to drop the h, may be recog-
any plurality ; y is prefixed to a vast number of nized, as aid for hold, &e, / is still turned into
words which commence with the aspirate, and is
substituted for it. See further observations in e, which may be regarded as one of Audelay rs
dialectical peculiarities, especially in the prefixes
Mr. Hartshorne's Shropshire glossary appended to the verbs ; but the ck for ah or $ch, so com-
to his Salopia Antiqua, 8vo. 1841, from which mon in Audelay, does not appear to be still
the above notices of the peculiarities of the current. There is much uncertainty in reason-
dialect have been taken. To this work I have
ing on the early provincial dialects from a single
been chiefly indebted for Shropshire words, but
specimen, owing to the wide difference between
many unknown to Mr. Hartshorne have been the broad and the more polished specimens of
derived from Llhuyd's MS. additions to Ray, a
MS. glossary compiled about 1780, and from the language of the same county ; and Audelay's
communications of the Rev. L. Darwall and poems can be by no means considered as affording
Thomas Wright, Esq. an example of the broadest and purest early Salo-
A translation of the Pars Oculi in English pian dialect. SOMERSETSHIRE:
verse, made by John Mirkes, a canon of Lille-
shul, in Shropshire, is preserved in MS. Cotton. The Parret divides the two varieties of the
Claud. A. ii. and MS. Douce 60, 103, manuscripts dialects of Somersetshire, the inhabitants of the
of the fifteenth century. The poem commences West of that river using the Devonshire lan-
as follows : guage, the difference being readily recognized by
God seyth hymself , as wryten we fynde, the broad ise for I, er for he, and the termination
That whenne the blynde Jedeth the blynde, th to the third person singular of the present
Into the dyche they fallen boo, tense of the indicative mood. The Somersetshire
For they ue sen whare by to go. dialect changes th into d, s into jar, f into w, in-
MS. Cott. Claud. A. ii. f.127- verts the order of many of the consonants, and
God seith himself, as writen y fynde, adds y to the infinitive of verbs. It also turns
That whan the blynde ledeth the blynde,
Into the diche they falleth bo, many monosyllables into words of two syllables,
For they ne seen howe they go. as ayer, air, booath, both, fayer, fair, tier, fire,
MS. Douce 60, f. 14?.
stayers, stairs, shower, sure, £c. See Jennings'
Observations on some of the Dialects in tlie West
It should not be forgotten that the dialect of a
of England, 1825, p. 7.
MS. is not necessarily that used by the author
himself. It oftener depended on the scribe. A singularly valuable glossary of Somerset,
shire words was placed in my hands at the com-
"We have incopies
written nearlyof every
Hampole's Prick of Conscience
dialect. mencement ofthe present undertaking by Henry
The poems of John Audelay, a monk of Norris, Esq., of South Petherton. It was com-
Haghmon, who wrote about 1460, afford a Eiled about fifty years since by Mr. Norm's
faithful specimen of the Shropshire dialect of ither, at the suggestion of the late Mr. Boucher,
that period. A small volume of his poetry was and Mr. Norris has continually enriched it with
printed by the Percy Society, 8vo. 1844 : additions collected by himself. To tins t am
As I lay seke in my langure, indebted for several hundred words which
In an abbay here be West, would otherwise have escaped me ; and many
Thisboke I made with gret dolour, others have been derived from lists formed by
When I myjt not slep ne have no rest ; my brother, the Rev. Thomas .* dwell, of
Ofll with my prayers I me blest, •rVrington, Thomas Elliott, Esq., kias Elizabeth
And sayd hyl£ to heven kyng, Carew, the Rev. C. W. Bingham, Mr. Elyah
1 knowlache, Lord, hit is the best Tucker, and Mr. Kemp.
Mekel£ to take thi vesetyng, Numerous examples of the Somersetanire
Ellis wot I wil that I were lorne.
Of al lordis be he blest ! dialect are to be found in old plays, in w&ieh
Fore al that je done is fore the best, country characters are frequently isiioduced,
Fore in thi defawte was never mon lost, and in other early works. It skrald, bowe? «r,
That it here of womon borne. be remarked that many writen have
 tfxvix
ENGLISH PROVINCIAL DIALECTS.
Tha cows In tha Veels did cock up their tails,
*atingly assigned early specimens, containing
the prevailing marks of Western dialect, to this An' did urn vor their lives roun' tha 'edges an' rails ;
Tha 'osses did glowy, an' tha sheep glowied too,
county, when the style might he referred to An' the jackasses blared out " ooh— eh— ooh !"
many others in the South and West of England ; About a mile off hem zeed a church-steeple,
and on this account I have omitted a list of
An' in less 'an a minnit a zeed all the people ;
pieces stated by various authors to be specimens
of Somersetshire dialect. We have already seen Us war glowing right at 'em ta zee who hem cou'dvind,
But avore hem cou'd look, tha war a mile behind.
that though the essential features of the present
West country dialect may be found, they may Thee'st bin to a vare where the conjerers ply —
" Pristo Jack an' begone 1" and tha things vlee awy ;
possibly suit specimens of the South, Kent, or Dash my wjg ! an' If 'twad'n the same wi' tha people,
even Essex dialects, in the state the latter ex- Wi' the waggins an' 'osses, tha church an' tha steeple.
isted two or three centuries ago. Gwain auver a Drudge, athurt a gurt river,
Tha dreyv'd jis sa hard an' sa ventersom's iver;
(1) The Peasant in London, from a work of the An* rummell'd lik thunder; hem thoft to be ground
seventeenth century.
All ta pieces, an* smash'd, an' murder'd, an' drown'd.
Our Taunton-den is a dungeon,
And y vaith cham glad cham here ; Oh dear ! my poor hed J when us think o* et now,
This vamous zitty of Lungeon How us ever got auvert hem can't tell thee 'ow ;
Is worth all Zomerset-zhere ; Mi hed did whirdlely all roun' and roun* —
In wagons, in carts, and in coaches, Hem cou'd'n ston' op, nor hem cou'd'n zit down.
, Che never did yet zee more horse, Whentheusnow,got in ta Brister— But hem wo'n't tell
The wenches do zhine like roches,
And as proud as my fathers vore horse. (Vor I da zee thee art vidgetty now vor ta goo)
Fairholt's Lord Mayors' Pagpants, ii.217. How hes
hemtrain
zeed ; tha Queen's husbond tha Pirnce, an'

(2) John's account of his Trip to Bristol, on the How tha

tha rain.
Pirnce an' tha ship war buoth catch'd in
occasion of Prince Albert's visit, to his
Uncle Ben, 1843. Uch '1nine ; tha rest o 'et zum other time,
tell'ee
Nunk ! did ever I tell thee o* my Brister trip, Vor hem promised hem's wife hem'd be woatn pvore
Ta zee Purnce Albert an* tha gurt irn ship ?
An' now tha clock's hattin a quarter past ten ;
How Meary goo'd wi' me (thee's know Meary mi wife)
An* how I got vrighten'd maust out o' mi life ? Zo gee us thi hond, an' good night, N uncle Bee !
Nif us niver did'n, 'ch 'eel tell thee o't now ; (3) Mr. Guy and the Robbers*
An* be drat if tid'n true iv'ry word, I da vow ! Mr. Guy war a gennelman
Vor Measter an' Miss war bwoth o' m along ; O' Huntspill, well knawn
Any one o'm ool tell thee nif us da zay wrong. As a grazier, a hirch one,
We goo'd to Burgeoter wi' Joe's liddle 'oss ;— Wi' Ions o' hiz awn.
Thee'sBoss:
know thick us da meanne, tha da call'n wold A 6 ten went ta Lunnun
Hiz cattle vor ta zill ;
An' a trotted in vine style ; an' when vre got there, All tha hosses that a rawd
The voke was sa thick that 'twas jiss lik a vair. Niver minded hadge or hilt.
We did'n goo droo et, but goo'd to tha station — A war afeard o* naw one ;
A niver made hiz will,
There war gurt irn 'osses all in a new vashion ; Like wither vawk, avaur a went
An' there war gurt boxes ta 'old moor'na thousan', Hiz cattle vor ta zill.
Za long as all Petherton, an' za high as tha houzen. One time a'd bin ta Lunnun
Ther war gennelmens' sarvants a-dressed all in blue, An zawld iz cattle well ;
Wi' rud-collar'd quoats, an* a lot o' em too ;
An' all o* em number 'd— vor one us did zee A brought
As INe aawfi.
hireda power
tell. o'gawld,
War mark'd in gurt viggers, a hunderd an' dree. As late at night a rawd along
Hem war nation aveard when tha vuss put hem in All droo aunketood,
A ooman rawze vrom off tha groun,
Ta the grut ooden box, maust sa big's a corn binn ; An right avaur en stood.
T'had two gurt large winders wi' 'oles vor tha glass ;
Tha lock'd op tha doors, an' there hem war vass. She look'd za pitis Mr. Guy
Hem had'n bin there more'n a minnit or zoo, At once hiz hoss's pace
Stapt short, a wonderin how, atnjght,
Yore zumbody wussell'd, an* off us did goo 1 She com'd in jitch a place.
My eyes ! how hem veel'd !— what a way vor ta ride A little trunk war in her hon j
Hem died.
dra'd in her breath, an' hem thought hem'd a She zim'd vur gwon wi' chile.
She ax'd en nif a'd take er up
Vore ever us know'd et us'oller'd out " stap i" An cor er a veo mile.
Hera opp'd wi' es hond an' catch'd wuld o' es *at ; Mr.Vor
Guy,a ooman
a man in o* veelin
distress/
All the voke laugh'd at hem, an' that made hem mad
But thOf a'zednothin, hem veel'd cruel bad. Than took er up behind en 5
When moor;
vusthem look'dout, hem war vrighten'd still A cood'n do na less.
A. corr*d er trunk avaur en.
Hem thoft 'twar tha «' wuld one" a-draggin, vor sure A An
bid by hiz beltvasto'leather
er hawld ; on tha raw*
Vor riarry a 'oss, nor nothiri war in et j Athout much tak, together
'U be durn'd if we did'n goo tliirty miles in a minit.
xx vm ENGLISH PROVINCIAL DIALECTS.

N"ot vur th& went avaur she gid

A. whissle loud an long, on the excursion) the following:— "Thee shatn't,"
for " you sh'a'nt ;" " thee cost'na," for < ' you can't ?'
Which Mr, Guy thawt Tery strange }
« thee hostaff, surry, or oil raosh thoi yed fur thee,"
Er voice too zim'd za strong ! for "take yourself away, sirrah, or I'll crush your
She'd lost er dog, she zed ; an than head;" " weear bist thee?" for "where are you?"
Another whizzle blaw'd, "in a cazulty wee loIK>" for «'by chance;" with
That stortled Mr. Guy s— a, stapt
"thee bist, thee shonna ;w «c you are, you sha'n't.'*
Hiz boss upon tha rawd. A young woman turned round to address a small
Goo on, zed she; bit Mr. Guy child crying after her upon the threshold of the
Zmn rig beginn'd ta fear : hovel, as[she went off towards the mine, *' Ah, be
Vor voices rawze upon tha wine, seteed, yung'un if thee dos'n'r knoo' my bock as well
An zim'd a comin near. as thee knoo-ast moy fee-as." Some of the better
Again th& rawd along ; again apparelled, who affect a superior style, use words
She whissled. Mr. Guy
which asthey pleaset,to convincla term " ted,dicksunary words,"
Whipt out hiz knife an cut tha belt, such "easemen abstiraonious,
Than push'd er off !— Vor why ? timothy" (for timid). One female, in conversation
Tha ooxnan he took up fcehine, with a crony at the «* truck-shop" door, spoke of
Begummers, war a man ! " Sal Johnson's aspirating her tnon's mind soo'a, and
Tha rubbers zaw ad lad ther plots 'maciating his temper," and," I nerer seed a senti -
Our grazier to trepan. ment o* nothin' bod till it took Turn all at once't,"
I shoU not stap ta tell what zed (sentiment here used for symptom) speaking of in-
Tha man in ooman's clawae ; disposition.— Wanderings of a Pen and Pencil.
5ithe, an all o'ni jist behine,
War what you mid suppawze, Conversation between a Staffordshire Canal
Th& cust, tha swaur, tha dreaten'd too, Boatman and Ms Wife.
An ater Mr. Guy
Lady. Dun yo know Soiden-mouth, Tummy ?
Th& gallop'd All ; 'twar niver-tha-near t Gent. Eees; an' a' neation good feller he is tew.
Hiz boss along did vly.
Lady* A desput quoietmon I But he loves a sup
Auver downs, droo dales, awa a went, o* drink. Dun yo know his woif f
'Twar da-light no-wamawst*
Till at an inn a stapt, at last, Gent. Know her J ay. Her's the very devil when
Ta thenk what he'd a lost. her sperit's up.
A lost ?-— why, nothin— but hiz belt I Lady. Her is. Her uses that mon sheamful—
her rags him every neet of her loif.
A zummet rnoor ad gain'd : Gent. Her does. Oire known her come Into the
Thic little trunk a corr*d aw&— public and call him all the neames her could lay her
Itgawld g'lorecorttain'd ! tongue tew afore all the company- Her oughts to
NifMr. Guy warhirch avaur,
A now war hircher still : stay till her's got him i'the boat, and then her rnlt
say wha her'd a moind. But her taks alter her
Tha plunder o' tha highwimen
Hiz coffers went ta vill. feyther.
In safety Mr- Guy rawd whim ; Lady. Hew was her feyther ?
Gent* Whoy, singing Jemmy,
A oten tawld thastorry. •
T* meet wi' jitch A rig myzel Lady. Oi don't think as how Oi ererknow'd sing-
J shood'n, soce, be zorry. ing Jemmy. Was he ode Soaker's brother ?
Gent. Eees, he was. He lived a top o' Hell Bonk.
He was the wickedest, swearninst mon as ever I
STAFFORDSHIRE. know'd- I should think as how he was the wick<*<U»st
Kennett has recorded numeious Staffordshire mon i' the wold, and say he had the rheuuiatiz iO
bad.
provincialisms, most of which are probably now
obsolete, and would have escaped me but for his
valuable collections. A valuable MS. glossary SUFFOLK.
by Mr. Olive, but extending no further than B The characteristics of the Suffolk dialect are
in the part seen by me, was also found of use, in all essential particulars the same as those of
and a few -words in neither of these MSS. were the Norfolk, so carefully investigated by Mr.
iven me by Miss L. Marshall and Mr, Edward
T. Gooch. The following specimen of the dia- Forby. The natives of Suffolk in speaking ele-
vate and depress the voice in a very remarkable
gilect, taken from Knight's ' Quarterly Magazine/
1823, will sufficiently exhibit its general charac- manner, so that " the Suffolk whine" lias long
been proverbial. The natives of all parts of
ter. The lengthening- of the vowel i appears East Anglia generally speak in a kind of sing-
very common. In the collieries surnames are
song tone. The first published list of Suffolk
very frequently confused. It constantly hap-
pens that a son has a surname very different words is given in Cullum's History of Hawsted,
1784, but no regular glossary appeared till the
from that of his father. Nicknames are very
prevalent, e. g. Old Puff, Nosey, Bullyhed, Loy- publication of Major Moor's Suffolk Words and
Phrases, 8vo. 1823, a very valuable collection of
a-bed, Old Blackbird, Stumpy, Cowskin, Spindle-
shanks, Cockeye, Pigtail, Yellow-belly, &c. provincialisms. With the1 greatest liberality,
Major Moor kindly placed in my hands Ms in-
Dialect of the Bilston Folk. terleaved copy of this work, containing copious
The dialect of the lower order here has frequently and important additions collected by him during
,;$en noticed, as well as the peculiar countenance of the last twenty years j nor have I beea le»$ for-
vtfie real " Bilston folk." We noticed ourselm (up- tunate hi the equally liberal loan of most mLu*
 ENGLISH PROVINCIAL DIALECTS.

I'll be rot if I dont begin to think some on em all

able and numerous MS. additions to Forby's tahn up scaly at last; an as to that there fulla— he,
East Anglia, collected in Suffolk by D. E. Davy,
Esq. Brief lists have also been sent by Miss grow so big and so purdy that he want to be took'
down a peg — an I'm glad to hare that yeow gint it
Agnes Strickland and the Rev. S. Charles. it em properly at Wickhum. I'm gooin to meet the
An early book of medical receipts, by a per- Mulladen folks a' Friday to go a bouaden, so prah
son who practised in Suffolk in the fifteenth write me wahd afore thennum, an let me know if
century, is preserved in MS. Harl. 1735 ; an the money be pahd, that I may make Billy P. asy.
How stammin cowd tis nowadays— we heent no feed
English poem, -written at Clare in 1445, is in no where, an the stock run blorein about for wittles
MS. Addit. 11814; and Bokenham's Lives of jest as if twa winter— yeow man pend ont twool be
the Saints in MS. Arundel 327, transcribed in a mortal bad season for green geese, an we shant ha
1447, is also written in the Suffolk dialect* no spring wahts afore Soom fair. I dipt my ship
(1) Extract from a MS. of English poetry of the last Tuesday (list a* me — I mean Wensday) an tha
fifteenth century, written in Suffolk, in the scringe up their backs so nashunly I'm afeard
they're wholly stryd — but 'strus God tis a strange
possession of W. S. Fitch, Esq. cowd time. I heent got no news to tell ye, only
Herketh now forther at this frome, we're all stammenly set up about that there corn
How this sheperd wolde come; bill — some folks dont fare ta like it no matters, an
To Abraham the tydyngus comyn, tha sah there was a nashun noise about it at Norrij
The prophetys hit undernorayn, last Saturday was a fautnit. The mob thay got
That is Moyses and Jonas, 3 efijis, a fanner, a squire, an a mulla, an strus
Abacuc and Elias, yeowre alive thay hung um all on one jibbit — so folks
Ant foanyell and Jeromie, sah. Howsomever \ve are all quite enough here,
And Davyd and I-saye, case we fare to think it for our good. If you see
And Elisen and Samuell,
Thei seyn Goddys cornyng ryjht well, that there chap" Harry, give my sarvice to em*
Long it were of hem alle to telle.
But herkynth how Ysay con spelle, SUSSEX.
A child that is i-boryn to us, The dialect of the East of Sussex is very
And a sone i-jevyn us, nearly the same as that of Kent, while that of
That shalle upholden his kyndome,
And alle this shall byn his nome, ;he West is similar to the' Hampshire phrase-
Wondurfull God and of my^ht, ology. In
" Sussex," says Ray, English Words,
And revvfull, and fadur of ry3ht, i ed. 1674, p. 80, " for hasp, clasp, wasp, they
Of the world that hereaftur shall byn, pronounce hapse, elapse, wapse, &c. ; for neck,
And Prince of Pes men shalle him seyn : nick ; for throat, throttle ; for choak, chock ;
These buth the nomes as 36 mowe i-leven. et'n down, let'n stand, come again and fet'n
That the prophetys to hym jevyn. anon." These observations still hold good. In
jSast Sussex day is pronounced dee, and the pea-
(2; From Bokenam's inLives 1447.of the Saints, written lantry are generally distinguished for a broad
Whylom, as the story techyth us, strong mode of speaking. They pronounce 010
final as er, but this habit is not peculiar ; and
AIn man
Antyoche,
ther wasthat grete Theodosius
clepyd cyte", they often introduce an r before the letters d
Wych in gret state stood and dignyte", and t. A " Glossary of the Provincialisms in
For of paynymrye the patryark was he, use in the County of Sussex," by W. D. Cooper,
And had the reule and al the governaunce, was printed in 1836, a neat little work, a copy
To whom alle prestys dede obecyaunce. of which, with numerous MS. additions, was
This Theodosius had a wyf ful mete kindly sent me by the author. Several Sussex
To hys astate, of whom was born
A doughtyr fayr, and clepyd Margarite, words, not included in Mr, Cooper's list, were
But ryht as of a ful sharp thorn, sent to me by M. A. Lower, Esq., the Rev.
As proryded was of God beforn, James Sandham, Colonel Davies, and M. T.
Growyth a rose bothe fayr and good ; Robinson, Esq.; and Mr. Holloway's General
So sprong Margrete of the hethene blood. Dictionary of Provincialisms, 8vo. 1838, con-
MS. Arundel 327, f. 7- tains aconsiderable number.
(3) A Letter in the Suffolk Dialect, written in (1) Tom Cladpole's Journey to Lunnun, the
the year 1814.
DEAR PHINND, first seven stanzas.
I was axed some stounds agon by Billy P. Last Middlemus I 'member well,
When harvest was all over ;
our 'sesser at Mulladen to make inquiration a* Us cheps had hous'd up all de banes,
yeow if Master— had pahd in that there money
into the Bank. Billy P. he fare kienda unasy An stack'd up all de clover.
about it, and when I see him at Church ta day he I think, says I, I'll take a trip
To Lunnun, dat I wol,
&ah timmy, says he, prah ha yeow wrot— so I kienda An see how things goo on a bit,
wef*t um off— and I sah, says I, I heent hard from
Squire D- as yit, but I dare sah, I shall
afore long— So prah write me some lines, an sen<3 FerLest I shu'd
sister die ayears
Sal, five fool agoo,
1'
Went off wud Squyer Brown;
mewahd, wutha the money is pahd a* nae. I dont
know what to make of our Mulladen folks, nut I— Housemaid, or summut; don't know what>
but somehow or another, theyre allua in diblei, an To live at Lunnun town.
XXX ENGLISH PROVINCIAL DIALECTS.

Dey'hav'd uncommon well to Sal, such phrases as, " They ought to have spoke to
An ge ur clothes an dat ; we ; her told him so ; he told she go ; us wont be
So Sal 'hav'd n-ashun well to dem, hurt, will us ? This is one of our moat grating
AngrowM quite tall an fat.
I ax'd Ol' Ben to let me goo, provincialisms." This MS. glossary has been
fully used in the following pages. I have also
Hem rum ol' fellur he, received communications from Mr. Perry, Mr.
He scratched his wig, * To Lunnun, Tom ? W. Header, the Rev. W. T. Bree, the Rev. J.
Den turn'd his quid, * I'll see-' Stauuton, Mr. J. T. Watson, and Thomas
So strate to mother home goos I,
An thus to ur did say, Haslewood, Esq. The modern dialect of War-
wickshire contains a very large proportion of
Mother, I'll goo an see OUT Sal,
Fer measter says I may. North country words, more than might have
been expected from its locality. They say yat
De poor ol* gal did shake ur head,
Ah ! Tom, rwant never do, for gate,/ew£, fool, sheeam, shame, weeat, wheat,
Poor Sal is gone a tejus way, Yethard, Edward, Jeeams, James, leean, lane,
An must I now loose you ? rooad, road, wool, will, p-ya&per, paper, feeace,
face, cooat, coat, &c.
(2) A Dialogue betwee n two Farm-labourers in
Sussex. WESTMORELAND.
Tom. Why, Jim, where a bin ?
Jim. Down to look at the ship. " A bran new Wark by William dc Woifat,
Tom. Did ye look at the stack ? containing a true Calendar of his thoughts con-
Jim. Umps, I did, and it roakes terrible I cerning good nebberhood," 12mo. Kendal, 1785,
Tom. Why didn't ye make a hole in it ? pp. 44, is a good specimen of the Westmoreland
Jim. I be guain to it. dialect, but of great rarity. This dialect is very
Tern. It's a pity, 'twas sich a mortal good un. similar to that of Cumberland.
Jim. Es sure ! Well, it's melancholy fine time
for the crops, aint it ? (1) A Westmoreland Diakyue.
Tom. Ah ! it'll be ripping time pretty soon now. Sarah. What yee hev hard hee yan ev my sweet-
Jim. Ah! I shan't do much at that for the harts j Lord ! This ward is brimful a lee for
rumatlz. sartan,
Tom. What be guain to do with that ere jug ? Jennet. Aye, thears lees enow, but I reckon that
You'd better let it bide. Do you think the chlmbley
•weeper will come to-day ? Tain.Sarah. Yee may be mistaan as weel as udder
Jim, Iss ! he's safe to come, let it be how t'wull, fowk ; yee mun know I went to Amside tiwer wie
Tom. Which way do you think he'll come ? aur Breaady toth Bull, an she wod nit stand, but set
Jim. He'll come athlrt and across the common. off an run up Tawer-hill, an throoth loan on tae
Tom. What, caterways, aye ? Middle Barra plane, an I hefter he, tul I wer welly
Jim. Iss. Did you mind what I was a telling of ? brosen. Dick wor cumin up frae Silver dale, an
Tom. To be sure; but dang ye if I could sense it, tornd her, helpt me wie her toth bull, an then went
could you?
heaara wie me, an while ea lecv I'll nivver tnk a kaw
Jim. Lor, yls. I don't think it took much cute- mair. Ise sure its a varra shamful sarx'is to send
ness to do that I
onny young woman on, en what 1 think nicone hart
is dun ea nae spot but Beothans parish. En frae
WARWICKSHIRE, this nebbors ses we er sweeUurts.
The following observations on the dialect of
this county are taken from a MS. glossary of TBT (2) A " Graliam^r
HBDD1TUK BT XfiWDAtLetter.
MKBCUBY.
Warwickshire words, compiled by the late Mr. Sur,— Es as sea oft pluagfa ye aboot summut ur
T. Sharp, and kindly communicated to me by
Mr. Staunton, of Longbridge House, near udder, it maks me freetend et ye'll be gittin oot uv
o* pashens, but, ye kna, et wer varra unlarned In
"Warwick : " The diphthong ea is usually pro- oor dawle, en, therefore, obleigcd when In a bit ov a
nounced like at, as mait, ait, plaise, paise, waik, difficuhee to ax sumbody et can enleeten us ont.
say, for meat, eat, please, weak, sea. The vowel Aw whope, hooiver, et this'en ol bc't last time ct at
o gives place to «, in sung, lung, amung, for hev occashun for ycr advice ; for if aw can manage
song, long, among ; wunst for once t grun, fun, to git hoad uv this situwaslmn et aw hev uv me eef
ai be a gentelman oot days uv me life. Noo, ye
and pun, for ground, found, and^owrcd Shownd
is also frequent for the imperative of show. A see, Mr. Hedditur, yaw day befowre r'rent coin clu,
and o are often interchanged, as drap, shapj aw meen afowre t'time et facler wo* stinted to pay't
in i for't landlawrd wiv micfcle perswadin gev him a
yander, for drop, shop, yonder ; and (per contra) week or twa ower ; but he tolled him plane enuf if he
hommer, rot, and gonder, for hammer, rat, and dudentstum up that he wad send fBumtwIUei t»
gander. J is substituted for d, in juke, jell, seez fs ticks en turnbyath farler en mmlder, mew*] en
jeth, and jerl, for duke, deal, death, and dead,- oot barns, tut duer. O, man, thur landkwrd* thur
whilst juice is often pronounced duce. D is hard-hart'd chaps. Aw belecv he wad du'Jt tu, for
yan nlvef sees him, luke pllssant, especfaHe et farm,
added to words ending in own, as drownded and
gownd, for frowned and gown. E is sometimes for o'its et best condishun, en we've lade aura uv
this neu-fashencl manner et tfiey co* Guanney ont
converted into a , as batty, laft, fatch, for letty, (Padder likes to be Hke t' ncabcrs)* SaitfcnJy, It suitf
toft, and/etaA, The nom. case and the ace. are for yaw year, en theer^s sum varra bonnle crb^ wbor
factually and barbarously confounded in its been lade on middlln thick; but h wrfit
 xxxi

ENGLISH PROVINCIAL DIALECTS.

fend eg weel es a good foad midden. Whiah, Mr them. Me hand's beginning ta wark, en aw mun
Hedditur, es aw was gangen to say, yaw day afowre finish we beggin ov ye ta tell me o* ye kna aboot
t'time et Fader hed ta pay't rent he sent me wid a situwashun, for es detarmend ta heft, en aw dunnet
coo en a stirk tuv a girt fare, they co Branten Fare, kna whea Secretary of t'Home Department is, en
nar Appelby, en aw was to sell them If anybody bad theerfowre es at a loss whea ta apply tu.
me out, for brass he mud hev, whedder aw gat ther Yer effecshunet frind,
JACOB STUBBS,
woortb. ,ur nut. When aw was ut fare aw gat reet
intuit middel uv o'at thrang, whor aw thout aw 29th July, 1844. fra t'Dawle.
cudnt help but meet wid a customar ; but aw was PS. — T'wedder's nobbetbeen varra bad thur twea
was farely cheeted, for aw stude theer nar o't day ur thre days back, en thunner shooers hev been fleen
we've me hands uv me pockets, en neabody es mickle aboot.
es axd me what awd gayiie aboot, en ye ma be sure
aw pood a lang fawce, tell a gude-looken gentleman WILTSHIRE.
like feller com up tuv me, and nea doot seen aw was
sare grhevd, began ta ax me es to whea aw was ? The dialect of this county is so nearly related
whor aw coo fra ? hoo me Fadder gat his leeven, en o that which is denominated the West-Country
a deel mare sec like questions. Ov coorse, aw telld dialect, that the distinction must be sought for
him nout but truth, for, ye kna, aw nivver like ta n words peculiar to itself rather than in any
tell a lee ta neabody, en aw dudnt forgit, et saame general feature. The Saxon plural termination
time to let him kna hoo badly off Fadder was, en hoo
it wud put him aboot when aw hednt selt beeas. =n is still common, and $i ^ generally pronounced
T'gentleman, puer feller I was a varra feelen man,
for he seemed a girt deel hurt, en gev me what aw nap,",snopt,
Instances
hide, ofhod,theirlead,
perfects may bescrope,
lod, scrape, '"T*td,
wanted forme coo en stirk, widoot iver a wurd ov Some of their phrases are quaint. That's
barteren. Efthr o' was sattled, en we'ed gitten eader makes me out, puzzles me ; a kind of a middling
a glass, aw axed him for his nyame to tak ta Fadder, ort of a way Tie is in, out of sorts, &c. Mr.
en he wrayate me't doon wid a wad pensel, ont back Uritton published a glossary of Wiltshire words
uv a lall green card ; but unfortunatele aw put it n his Topographical Sketches of North Wilts,
intul me wayscowt pocket en't name gat rubbed oot ol. iii, pp. 369-80 ; and a more complete one by
afowre aw gat hyame. Ont tudder side et card, Mr. Alcerman has recently appeared, 12mo.
Hedditur, was an advertisement, ov which this is a
842. Many words peculiar to this county will
wurd for wurd copy : j e found in the following pages which have
« WANTED IMMEDIATELY,
A MAN OF GOOD CHARACTER, scaped both these writers, collected chiefly from
At a Salary of £500 per Annum, Bennett, Aubrey, and MS. lists by the Rev. Dr,
To MIND HIS OWN BUSINESS, rlussey, Dr. S. Merriman, the Rev. Richard
And a further sum of £500, Irawley, and Mr. M. Jackson. The Cbronicon
TO LEAVE OTHER PEOPLES ALONE ! rilodunense, edited by W. H. Black, fol. 1830,
{£5* For further particulars enquire of the Secre- s "a specimen of the Wiltshire dialect in the fif-
Home
tary for thetak Department." eenth century. It is so frequently quoted in
Et first aw dudnt mickle nouticeont; but sen his work that any further notice is unnecessary.
aw've been consideren that me Fadder is sare fashed
we've sea mony ov us, en, as aw suppowse, all hev The following clever pieces in the modern dia-
ect of the county are from the pen of Mr.
as gude a chance a gitten a situwashun es onybody Akerman.
else, aw want to kna, Mr. Hedditur, hoo aw mun
gang aboot It. Aw eannet tell what sud ale me gitteu
ont, for aw've alias bourne a gude carickter, en thats (1) The Hamet and the Bittle.
t'sort uv a chap they want, en aw've nea doot aw A harnet zet in a hollur tree, —
cud sune larn t'trade. Aw see it corns ta nar twenty A proper spiteful twoad was he;
pund a week, throot yer, en its a grand thing for a And a merrily zung while he did zet
puer body. T'laborin fowks aboot here cant hardlys His stinge as shearp as a bagganet :
mak hofe es mony shillens. O man, t'fowk hes sare Oh, whoso vine and bowld as I,
I vears not bee, nor wapse, nor vly »
shift to gitcana putten on, noo o' days. But besides o'
that, aw tell ye summet mare underneath, et Abittleup thuck tree did clim,
maks me want ta gang ta Lunncn sea raickle es aw And scarnvully did look at him ;
suppowse its whare this situwation is. Ye kna, Mr. Zays he, " Zur harnet, who giv thee
Hedditur, me sweethart Nanny (es like ta sham we A right to zet in thuck there tree ?
tellen ye, but ye muimet menshion four agen for
Vor ael you zengs zo nation vine,
awt worl) es aw was a saing me sweethart Nanny
•went up ta Lunnen ta be a Leddies made, en aw I tell 'e 'tis a house o1 mine."
sud like varra we'el to see her et times. Es we ur The hairnet's conscience velt a twinge,
sea far off taen t'other, we rite letters back en forrett But grawin' bowld wi his long stinge,
Ivery noo en then es udder fowkdoes; buttheers Zays he,"" Possession's the best laaw ;
laytly been sum queer stowries in oor dawle aboot a Zo here th' sha'sn-t put a claaw !
feller they co Jammy Graam. They sa he's been Be off, and leave the tree to me,
j*epen intul oat letturs et gang up taetLunnen> en
then tellen oot en maken ootmischeef iver he can The mixen's good enough for thee !"
Just then a yuckel, passin* by,
By gum I if aw thout he'ed been breken t'seals ov Was axed by them the cause to try:
my letturs es aw sent ta Nanny— first time aw me
fcjta aw wad giv him sic a thumppen es he niver ga " Ha ! ha ! I zee how 'tis 1" zayshe,
in Ilia life befowre. A w wonder they hev'nt kick'c " They'll make a vamous nunch vor roe 1"*
His bill was shearp, his stomach lear,
tec a good-for-nout feller oot uv t'Post lang sen
when hes gilty uv sec like sneeken lo-lif d tricks e Zo up a snapped the caddlin
xxxn ENGLISH PROVINCIAL DIALECTS,
MORAL.
A el you as be to laaw inclined, i family, as the poor man's master entered the
cottage to inquire after his health, and whether
This leetle stwory bear in mind ; he would be soon able to return to his work.
Vor if to laaw you aims to gwo,
You'll vmd theyll allus zar 'e 20 : WORCESTERSHIRE.
You'll meet the vate o these here two,
In Worcestershire, the peculiarity of speech
They'll take your cwoat and carcass too !
most striking to a stranger is perhaps the inter-
Remains of William Little, a
(2) The Genuine Wiltshire change ofher and she, e. g. " her's going for a
man.
walk with she."' This perversion is even used
I've allus bin as vlush o' money as a twoad is o' in the genitive, " she's bonnet." As in Glouces-
veathera; but if ever I gets rich, I'll puttheitmiller, ael in tershire and Herefordshire, the pronoun which
Ziszeter bank, and not do as owld Smith, is constantly used to connect sentences, and to
did, comin' whoam vrom market one nite. Martal act as a species of conjunction. At a recent
avraid o' thieves a was, ~zo a puts his pound-bills and trial at Worcester, a butcher, who was on his
ael th' money a'd got about un in a hole in the wall,
and the next, marnin* V couldn't remember where- trial for sheep»stealing, said in defence, " I
bought the sheep of a man at Broomsgrove fair,
abouts 'twas, and had to pull purty nigh a mile o'
wall down before a' could vind it. Stoopid owld which he is a friend of the prosecutor's, and
wosbird I
won't appear ; which I could have transported
Owld Jan Wilkins used to zay he allus cut's stakes, the prosecutor ever so long
when a went a hedgin', too lang, bekaze a' cou'd in many other counties, the agoo
neuterif Iisliked/' As
frequently
easily cut fem sharter if a' wanted, but a' cou'dnt invested with the masculine gender. A more
make urn langer if 'em was too share. Zo zays I :
striking feature is the continual dropping of the
zo I alius axes vor more than I wants. Iv I gets that, i in such words as stair, fair, pronounced star,
•well and good ; but if I axes vor little, and gets less,
it's martal akkerd to ax a zecond time, d'ye kneow I far, &c. ; and the letter r is sometimes sounded
between a final vowel, or vowel-sound, and an
Piple zay as how they gied th* neam o' moonrnJcers initial one. No works on the dialect of this
•to us Wiltshire vauk bekasea passel o1 stupid bodies
one night tried to rake the shadow o' th' moon out o' county have yet appeared, and the majority of
th' bruk, and tuk't vor a thin cheese. But that's the words here quoted as peculiar to it have
th' wrong ind o' th' stwory. The chaps az was doin' o' been collected by myself. I have, however, re-
this was smugglers, and they wasavishin' up some ceived short communications from J. Noake,
kegs o1 sperrits, and only purtended to rake out a
cheese ! Zo the exciseman az axed 'em the question Esq., Jabez Allies, Esq., Miss Bedford, Mrs.
had his grin at>em ; but they had a good laugh at he John Walcot, Thomas Boulton, Esq., Mr. R.
when -em got whoame the stuff. Bright, and Mr. William Johnson. The follow-
Owld Molly Saimell axed Molly Dafter to gie her extract is taken from a MS. in my possession. *
a drap o' barm one day. " I ha'n't a got mm i" says
she; " bezides, I do wantun mezelf to bake wiV Extract from a MS. of medical receipts written
Measter Goddtn used to zay as how childern costed
ty Syr Tomas Jamys, Vicar off JSadseye, about
a sight o' money to breng urn up, and 'twas all very the year 1450.
well whilst um was leetle, and zucked th' mother, but For the skawle a gode medcyn. Take pedylyon
when
akkerd.um began to zuck the vather, 'twas nation to handfulle ever that he be flowryd, and than ho
Measter Cuss and his zun Etherd went to Lonnun ys tendur, and than take and sethe hytu welle in a
potelle of stronge lye tille the to halte be soddyn
a leetle time zence, and when um got to their jour- awey, and than wesche the skallyd hede in stronge
ney's ind, Measter Cuss missed a girt passel a carr'd pysse that ys hoote, and than Behave awey the sch&wle
wi' un to th' cwoach. " Lard, vather !" zays Etherd, clene, and let not for bledyng; and than make a
" I zeed un drap out at Vize I" (Devizes.) plasture of pedylyon, and ley it on the hede gode
and warme, and so let it ly a day and a nyth, and
(3) North Wiltshire eloquence. than take it awey, and so than take thy tnele and
" Now, do'e plaze to walk in a bit, zur, and rest'e, ronnyng watur of a broke, and therof make theke
and dwont'e mind my measter up ag"m th' chimley papelettes, and than sprede them on a clothe that
earner. Poor zowl on hin, he've a bin despert ill wolle cover al the soore, and so ley it on the ^ore
ever zence t'other night, when a wur tuk ter'ble bad hede, and let it ly iij. dayys and iij. nythU's ever it
wi' th' rheumatiz in's legs and stummick. He've a be remeveyd, and than take it of, and wesche the
bin and tuk dree bottles o' doctor's stuff, but I'll be hede welle in strong pysse ayenne, and than take and
whipped if a do simbly a bit th' better var't. Lawk, schave it clene to the flesche, and than take rede
zur, but T be main scrow to be ael in zich a caddel, oynownce as mony at,e wolle suffyce for to make a
ae] alang o'they childern. They've a bin a leasin1, plasture over the sore, and boylethcm welle in wa-
and when um coomed whoame, they ael tuk and ture, and than stampe them, and temper them with
drowed the cam aelaraang th' vire stuff, and zohere the softe of calamynte, and old barow grese that
we be, ael in a muggle like. And you be lookin' ys maltyne clene, and so use this tylle the «eke be
ralddlinish, zur, and ael as if'e was shrammed. I'll hole.
take and bleow up th' vire a mosse] : but what be
them bellises at ? here they be slat a-two ! and here's YORKSHIRE.
my yeppurn they've a' bin and searched, and I've
agotnarra 'nother 'gin Zunday besepts thisum! There are numerous early MSS. still preserved
This elegant sample of North Wiltshire elo- which rhich were written in various parts of Yorkshire,
quence was
+.UIM. \Tnfn-aa
utterea
uttered neany
nearly in a oreain,
breath, t»y
by ivus-
Mis-
4-T-io mfa nf o lali/\iii«ai* with a Itivrro
most of them containing
flift /»nnnfir TKft
marks IWuftf^rrAft^
TntxrnAtatf
of the dialect of
wKifth
tress Yargei, the wife of a labourer with a large |the county. The Towneley Mysteries, which
 xxxui
ENGLISH PROVINCIAL DIALECTS.

have been printed by the Surtees Society, were (1) A charm for the Tooth-ache, from ft*
written in the neighbourhood of Wakefield. An Thornton Manuscript, f. 176.
English commentary on the Psalms, translated A charme for the tethe-werke.— Say the charmc
from the Latin work by Hatapole, a MS. in Eton thris, to it be sayd ix. tymes, and ay thrys at a
charemynge.
College Library, was also written in this county,
the writer observing, " in this werke I seke no I conjoure the, laythely beste, with that ilkespere,
strange Inglyshe bot the lightest and the comon- That Longyous in his hande ganebere,
And also with ane hatte of thorne,
est, and swilke that es maste like til the Latyn, That one my Lordis hede was borne,
so that thas that knawes noght the Latyn by the With alle the wordis mare and lesse,
Inglyshe may come to many Latyn worries." With the Office of the Messe,
A. metrical translation of Grosthead's Chasteau With my Lorde and his xii. pastilles,
With oure Lady and her x. maydenys,
d1 Amour, in MS. Egerton 927, was made by a Saynt Margrete, the haly quene,
" munke of Sallay," who calls it " the Myrour of Saynt Katerin, the haly virgyne,
lewed Men." To these may be added MS. Harl. ix. tymes Go.idisforbott, thou wikkyde wonne,
1022, MS.HarL 5396, MS. Coll. Sion. xviii. 6, Thet ever thou make any rystynge,
and the Thornton MS. so often quoted in the Bot awaye mote thou wende,
following pages. To the erde and the stane !
Higden, writing about 1350, says " the whole
speech of the Northumbrians, especially in York-
shire, isso harsh and rude that -we Southern men (2)from Dicky Dickeson's Address to't known world,
the first number of the Yorkshire Comet,
can hardly understand it;" and Wallingford, published w 184=4.
who wrote long before, observes that " there is, DEAR IVVERYBODY,
and long has been, a great admixture of people of Ah sud'nt wonder bud, when some foaks hear
Danish race in that province, and a great simi- o* me startin* on a Paper, they'll say, what in't
larity oflanguage." See the * Quarterly Review/ world hez maade Dicky Dickeson bethink hizien o'
Feb. 1836, p. 365. There seem to be few traces cummin' sich acaaper as that? Wah, if ye'll nob-
of Danish in the modern Yorkshire dialect. but hev hauf o't paatience o' Joab, Ah'll try ta tell
So numerous are modern pieces in the York- ya. Ye mun knaw, 'at aboot six year sin', Ah wur
shire dialect, that it would be difficult to give a i' a public-hoose, wheate ther wur a feller as wur
braggin' on his larnin', an' so Ah axed him what he
complete list. The rustic of this county has even knawed aboot onny knawledgement, an' he said he
had a newspaper in his native dialect, the * York- thowt he'd a rare lump moare information i' his
shire Comet/ the first number of which appeared heead, ner Ah hed i* mine. Noo, ye knaw, Ah
in March, 1844 ; but in consequence of certain sudn't ha' been a quarter as ill mad, if ther hedn't
personal allusions giving offence, the publisher been a lot o' chaps in't plaace 'at reckoned ta hev
was threatened with a prosecution, and he relin- noa small share o' gumption. Soa, as sooin as Ah
quished the work after the publication of the gat hoame that neet, Ah sware ta oor Bet, 'at as
suare as shoo wur a match-hawker, Ah wud leearn
seventh number, andrefusedto sell the objection-
all't polishments 'at Schooilmaister Gill could teich
able parts. The most complete glossary of York-
shire words was compiled by Mr. Carr, 2 yols. ma. Varry weel, slap at it Ah went, makkin' pot-
hukes, an' stroakes, an* Ah hardly knaws what ; an*
8vo. 1828, but it is confined to Craven, the dialect then Ah leearnt spelderin', reading i* fact, all 'at
said to be used by Chaucer's North country long-heeaded Schooilraaister Gill knew hizsen ; so
scholars. See Mr. Wright's edition, vol. i. p. 'at, when Ah'd done wr* him, Ah wur coon ted as
160. Dr. Willan's list of words used in the clever a chap as me fey ther afore ma, an' ye mun
mountainous district of the West-Riding, in the consider 'at Ah wur noa small beer when Ah'd come
Archaeologia, vol. xvii. pp. 138-167, should also ta that pass, for he could tell, boot lukin', hoo mich
be noticed; and long previously a Yorkshire paaper it wud tak' ta lap up an oonce o' 'bacca.
glossary appeared at the end of the Praise of Weel, as sooin as Ah'd gotten ta be sa wonderful
wise, d'ye see? Ah thowt- an' it wur a bitter thowt,
Yorkshire Ale, 12mo. 1697. Thoresby's list of tew!— what a pity it wor 'at ivverybody couldn't
dew as mich as Ah could. More Ah studied aboot
West-Riding words, 1703, was published in Ray's
Philosophical Letters; and Watson gives a it, an' war it pottered ma, Ah'll assuare ya. Wun
" Vocabulary of Uncommon Words used in Hali- neet, hooivver, as oor B,et an' me wur set be't fire-
fax Parish" in his History of Halifax, 1775. side, shoo turned hersen suddenly roond, an' said.
These latter have been reprinted in the Hallam- «« Thoo's a fooil, Dicky !" «« What ! Bet, does thoo
shire Glossary, 8vo. 1829, a small collection of really meean ta say Ah'z a fooil ?" lf Ah dew," shoo
said; " thoo's a real fooil!" « Hoo does tamak'
•words used in the neighbourhood of Sheffield. that oot, Bet ?" said Ah, for Ah wur noane hauf
The Sheffield dialect has been very carefully in- suited aboot it. ** Ah'll say it ageean an' ageean,"
vestigated inan Essay by the Rev. H. H. Piper, says shoo j " thoo's a fooil, an' if ta*s onny way
12mo. 1825. In addition to the printed glos- partikelar ta knaw, Ah'll tell tha hoo Ah maks it
saries, have
I had the advantage of using MS. oot. In't first plaace, luke what braans thoo hcz ;
lists of Yorkshire words communicated by Win. as starlin' as onny 'at ivver thease gurt men hed ;
Turner, Esq., William Henry Leatham, Esq., an' yet, like a fooil as Ah say thoo is, thoo taks it
Henry Jackson, Esq., Dr. Charles Rooke, the as eeasy as a pig in't muck," «« Weel, weel/1 Ah
.Rev. P. Wright, Mr. M. A. Denham, Mr. Thomas continid, " what wod ta ha' ma tadew, lass * Tell
us, an' Ah'll dew't." '* Then," sayi shoo, " start a
Sanderson, John Richard Walbran, Esq., Mr. paaper i* thee awn naative tongue, an* call It
Banks, and N. Scatcherd, Esq. f Yorshar Ctmet. Ah'll be bun fort it'll pay u
 ENGLISH PEOVINCIAL DIALECTS.

weel as Ivver gooid coin did." Noo, then, mtnust

as sooin univarsal deeaf-nut, breead, cheese, buunack, an
as Ah heeard oor Bet's noations, Ahwuro as shoo Shier-Deer deealer ; an' fro't. experience 'at shoo's
stark mad ta carry >em oot, for An thowt, hed i' them lines o' genius wal wi' her Majesty, shoo
did >at it wod pafcapital, an' beside, Ah sud maybe ot begs ta assuare f inhabitants 'at shoo's t'impedence
be improovin't staate o' saciaty, ant morals ta think here's noabody'll gi' more for t'brass, or
vicious. Ye doan't need ta think 'at Ah'z
nowt bud sich inconceeavable qualaty as shoo will.
In ignarant mushnim, for, though Ah say ta^ysen, Biddy Bucklebewit alsoa desires ta noatice, at as
Ah can tell ya 'at Dicky Dickeson's as full
toaw- forpunctualaty, noabody can be more soa ner her-
full o* meeat. Nut 'at Ah wants sen • for shoo awl us hezt'oven host, an' what s better,
ledge as a hegg's Ah
acraeko'myfen, nowt o't soart; it W* what keeps a wheelbarrow for t'express purpose o' des-
says
says an' thinks o' mysen, bud what other foaks patchin' articles ta all t'paartso 't gloabe.
ns, ye's P.S.-I' consequence o't immense saale an' supe-
a? thinks o' ma; an' if ye ha' no objectio n Vickus foaks
mst read a letter 'at Ah gat fro' Naatha talk wur riora'ty o' B. B.'s goods, lots o' uuprincapled an' ta
aboot a year an' ahauf .to', when all that hez been induced ta adopt her receapts like,
ran as which t'Honarabl e Commis-
agate relatin' ta Otley gerrin' francliised. It defraud her ; ta prevent
sioners o'Stamps hez ordered 'at all B. B.'s stuff be
fellers : Pig.Coit Farm, Octoaber, 1842. animals bein'
« DEAR DICKY, A .. figured wi' a billy-gooat'sheead, (them
tremendous fond o' lollipop) soa 'at noane i' futur '11
« Ah mun confess 'at Ah've heeard some nt, talk be ge-nu-ine but what is ornamented as afore parti-
Parleme calarized. No. Be suare ta think on
aboot oor toon sennin' two Members ta toe suare at 26, Paastry Square, Leeds.
an' if ivver it sud come ta pass, thoo ma
stick to tha up hill an' doon
Naathan Vickus '11 sa thick, Dicky, bud what Ah (4) Scraps from Newspapers.
daale. Ah'z noane
, on hi. Jib, fyflwd.— Felix Flibberton hed a sad roond wi' his
knaws pretty near what a chap is be'tladcut that's what wife this week, caused, as we're tcld, be Mistress
thoo unnerstans; ^ depend on't Flibberton bein' guilty on a piece o' roguery, t'like
Ah judges thee by. Thoo'saman 'f^*^™"* onny o' which we seldom hear tell on. It's said, when
to't toon wheareivver ta goes, an' if thers Felix taasted on his teea, t'last Thursday mornin%
DIckaon >at's
feathers for onnybody's cap, it's Dicky he fan it oot 'at it worn't ower strong, but, on't
'em, or
get that's
boon taflesh, else Ah's a fooil of a judge o' contraary, wur considerably weaker ner common.
human all. Ah hev varry gurt pleasure
O' this fact comin* ta leet, he called his wife tut
i' offerin' tha ray voate, an' oor Toby's in t bargain ;
an' Ah dew promise tha, 'at if ivvery pig,as mule an scratch, an' axed as lovinly as ha wur aable, hoo it
cauf aboot my farm wur receavable common happened 'at his teea wur i* that pickle. Noo, Felix
an' his wife's coffee an' sich like» wur aullus pre-
sense creators, thoo sud fin' a supporter i ivvery
one on 'em. Wi' a bucket o' compliments ta the paared i' separate pots,— Ah meean tea-pots; an',
Ah breed,
f ister Bet an't rest« o't is, dear Dicky, that mornin', Mister Flibberton hevin' Tigged ray-
ther long i' bed, his wife hed thowt proper ta gulp
" Moast respectful thine, her brekfast afore he landed doon . T'qucstion wor,
« NAATHAN VICKUS." hed t'mistress ta'en t'biggest shaare o't teea, as theare
Ta Mr. Dickeson, Esq. wur noane in t'canister then ? T'poor woman said,
Noo, then, Ah ax ageean, is ther onny o ya, dear ther wur precious little ta mak' t'brekfast on ; bud
readers, as wodhev'tsayleeast bit o' doot o» yer minds what ther wor, shoo divided fairly, lecavin'her hus-
noo? Is ther, Ah ? Noa : An fancies Ah can band be far t'bigger hauf. Nut ch.usin' t.t believe all
hear some o' ya chucklin', an' sayin', « Hurra for 'at his wife spluttered oot, Felix shooted o't sarvant,
Dicky Dickeson 1 he'atflogs all 'at's goane afore him 1 whoa depoased 'at when shoo gat up, shoo wur suare
An' let ma tell ya, so Ah meeans ta dew ; an if 'at theare wur then plenty i't canister ta mak' six
onny of ya is trubbled wi' seets o' ghoasts or dul an
rare strong cups. Efter adeeal o' cross-exam inaation
thowts, Ah'll guarantee ta freeten 'em oot o ya, Ah between t'mistress an't aarvant, t'former began o'
that's what noa soul afore ma's done yet. Bud roarin', an' confessed 'at shoo hed defrauded her law-
mua gi' ower writiu' tul ya at present, for oor Bet ful partner, devoatin' tul her awn use three, wal tul
tells ma 'at me porridge hez been waitin' this hauf her husband shoo nobbutleft one an' a hauf spooln-
stiff wi' stan- ful o* teea. Felix wodn't grant noa pardon then,
hoor, an', as a matter in coarse, yathey're ta read t'Yorshar bud bun her ower ta keep t'peeace for three months ;
nin'. Ah can nobbut beg on
Comet ivvery week, an', be dewin' soa, tak' my word an', suppoasin* 'at shoo brak it ageean, he threeat-
ened sendin' a brief o't whoale caase ta Mafflter
for't, ye'll saave monny a poond i't yeear i' pills,
boalusses, an' all sich belly-muck as tha are. Wilklns, barrister, an* ta tak' sich steps as he mud
advise.
Bet joins wi' ma i' luv ta ya all, (shoe's a deacent A Munificent Gift.— Dr. Swabbs, Physician extra-
hoapes 'at ye'll in
courage ma, I) an* wi' a thoosand
lass, is Bet
ordinary taivveryboily 'at wants poisoning he* once
Ah. is, dear Ivverybody, more come oot ov his shell, an' letten t'wortd knaw
Yer varry humble sarvant, 'at he's t'saamc Dr. Swabbs still 'at ivver ha wor.
DICKV DICKESON* O' Tuesday neet, wal t'doctor wur smookin* his
T'Editor's Study. pipe, an* swillin' his tummlcr o* brandy an' waiter,
(3) A Leeds Advertisement. adepitation o'raaad-flarvants, consistin' o't cooks an'
- seven or eight noose an' chaamer-inaads, wasted on
MISTRESS BIDDY BUCKLEBEWIT,
Laate Haup'ny Cheesecaake-Makker tul Her Majesty, him wi' a Roond Robin, petition in* for a wnmll do*
Begs ta inform f public 'at shoo hez just naation i' order ta buy amixtur ta poison t*mlce wi*,
FOR HERSEN I' THAT LINE, as they wur gerrfn varry Impedent i' ther walks in-
$ETTEN UP 26, Paastry Square, Leeds, tut kitchen an* cupboard; 1' feet, as't trmtwarthy
Wheare sha carries on cook aaid, one on 'em hed t*bare-fa&cetJne«s te come
ALL THEM EXTENSIVE BUSINESSES an' wag his tail i* her chocolate, an4 then as bar0»
O'tart-makker, honest brandy-snap baaker, treeaele- faacedly maade his escaape, wi'oot ttoppln' t& be
•tick boiler, humbug importer, spice-pig traader,an' wallopped fo^t. T'docfcor wwt «oa momi be ttrew*
 xrcr
ENGLISH PROVINCIAL DIALECTS.

atgements, 'at he threw doon his pipe, brekkin' on't, Mr. Dickeson agreed, an' t'fire-leetin* an* shaavtt'-
as t'hoose-maaid teld ma, thrusted his hand Intul his deealin'
tut result.world is lukin' wi' mich terror an* Int'rest
pocket, "an' drew sixpence. What a blebsin' wod it
be if men genarally wod nobbut fuller Dr. Swabbs's Immediately efter t'Marquis o' Crabbum hed
example ! maade his exit, a gentle rap wur heeard at t'door o't
A Litarary Saciaty — A Litarary Saciaty hez been study, an' when Mr, Dickeson bad 'em walk forrard,
formed i" Otley be some perseverin' an' common- in popped a bonny, blue-e'ed, Grecian-noazed,
sense young men, 'at's ov apinion 'at it's nowt bud white-tooithed lass o' eighteen, an' be't way i' which
reight 'at they sud hev as mich larnin* as tha can t'editor smacked her roasy cheeks wi' his lips, here's
afford ta pay for. A committee's been maade, con- na doot bud it wur Nanny Tract. Shoo'd browt two
sistin' o* seven o't wisest o' thease conspirators tut ooatcaakes, 'at shoo'd newly baaked, ye knaw. Mr.
owerthraw o* ignarance, an* rules drawn up an' Dickeson set tul ta eit 'em, an' Nanny set tul ta
printed i' a hexcellent style, varry creditable boath watch him ; an' when t'first hed finished his per-
tut author an' tut printer thereon, Ah's suare, we've formance on't ooat-caakes, here's na need ta say 'at
just seen a catalogue o't books they've already got- he began o' squeazin't latter ; ay, an* ye ma say
ten, an' as it could'nt miss but speik volunis i' ther what yn/ve a mind aboot t'modesty o't laadies, bud
faavour, we beg ta subjoin t'naames on a to-three o't Nanny squeeazed him as weel, an' wor ther owt
principal warks :— Jack t'Giant- Killer, Tom Thumb, wrong in't, think ya ? ShallywalJy ! Bud, hoo-
Cock Robin, Mother Hubbard, Jumpin' Joan, Puss ivver, t'editor hedn't been long at chis gam', afore
i' Booits, Tom t'Piper's Son, an' a splendid haup'ny ha heerd another noise,— a shufflin', slinkm' noise,
edition o* Whittin'ton an' his Cat. This is a grand Ah meean, an* nut a reg'lar rap,— ootside o't door ;
epportunaty for lovers o' soond mathematical, an' soa, takkin' his shoes off, he crej t nicely tut spot,
other litarary pursuits, ta come forrard, an'suppoart an', be gow ! if ha didn't fin't printer's divil lissenin'
an' sustaan a novelty fro' which tha ma gether all theare, here's be nowt for tellin* ya on't. Mr.
t'informaation ther minds Is on t'luke oot for. Dickeson, ommust choaked wi' madness at this
turn-up, (for wheare's ther onnybody'at likes ta her
ther love-de-wins heeard an' seen 0 shoved him intut
(5) Deborah DucJciton's Advice Corner. middle on his study; an' commandin* Nauay ta hod
Ifyatuke noatice, ye would see, 'at flatter end him a minute, ("which saame shoo did ta perfection,)
o' March, i't first quarter, t'mooin wurlaad ovher he went tut other end o't plaace, an' puttin* on 4
back, a suare sign o' stormy weather. Ye'll all middlin '-sized clog, tuke a run pause at t'posteri, ?rs
knaw, *at theare's been part frost an' snaw sin' ; an', o't impedent printer's divil, an* theareby makkia'
if my judgment isn't awfully wrong, we's ha' some bim sing " God saave t'Queen" i' sich prime style, 'at
more. Weel, noo, i' frosty weather, ye're aware, delicate Nanny wur ta'en wi' a fit o' faantin'.
it's rayther daangerous walkin', becos o't varry gurt T' music hevin* ceeased as sooin as t'performer wur
slapeness o't rooads an't flegs ; Ah'z quite posative turned oot, Nanny bethowt hersen ta come roond ;
on't, for even i' my time Ah've seen more ner one
bud, shaameful ta say, her an' Dicky didn't paart
long-legged coavey browt ov a level vri't grund, an' wal fower i't efternooin, at which time t'lass wur
Ah've seen monny a stoot an'respectable woman, tew.
Let me prescribe aremady, then, for allsich misfor- wanted up at hoame ta darn stockins an* crimp
frills.
tuns. Shaadrach Scheddul, — a celebraated horse-
shooer i' oor toon, propoasecl ta sharpen barns for
three-haupence a heead ; lads an* lasses, fro' ten ta (7) Miscellanies.
sixteen year o' aage, thruppance j an' all aboon that Men an* women is like soa monny cards, play-ed
owdness, whether, tha've bjg feet, little fee,t, or noa wi' be two oppoanents, Time an' Eternity : Time
feet at all, fowerpence.
get's a gam noo an' then, an' hez t'pleasure o' keep-
N.B. Ivvery allooance '11 be maade for wooden in' his caards for a bit, bud Eternity's be far t'better
legs ; an' o' them 'at honestly doesn't wish ta be hand, an' proves, day be day, an' hoor be hoor, 'at
blessed wi't last-naamed articles o' weear, it'smoast he's winnin' incalcalably fast.
respectfully requested 'at they'll avaal thersens o't Whenivver ya see one o' thease heng-doon, black
sharpenin' invention. Shaadrach Scheddul alloos
craape thingums 'at comes hauf doon a woman's
five per cent, off for ready brass, or six months'
bonnet an' faace, be suare 'at shoo's widowed, an,'
credit ;— auther '11 dew.
« Ta Let!"
Ah advise all laadies 'at doesn't wish ta hev ther
husbands' stockins ootraageously mucky on a wesh- It's confidently rumoured in t'palitical world, 'at
t'tax is goin' ta be ta'en off leather-breeches, an
in'-day, nut ta alloo 'em t'privilege o' spoartin' putten on white hats.
knee-breeche*, them hevin' been proved, be varry
clever philosophers, ta be t'leeadin* cause theareof, Why does a young laady i' a ridin'-habit resemmle
Shakspeare ? Cos shoo's (offen) miss-cooated (mis-
an't principal reeason why t'leg o't stockin' doesn't
quoted).
last as long as t'fooit. A lad i* Otley, knawn be t'inhabitants for his odd
dewins like, an* for his modesty, tew, wun day went
^6) Visits ta Diclcy Dicfason. a errand for an owd woman 'at tha called Betty
O' Friday* Dicky Dickeson wur visited i' his Cruttice : an' he wur sa sharp ower it, an* did it sa
study be't Marquis o* Crabbum, an', efter a deeal o' pleasantly beside, 'at Betty axed him ta hev a bit 0*
enquiries aboot t'weather, an' monny remarks con- apple-pie for his trouble. "Noa, thenk ya," said
sarnin' this thing an' that, flatter praceedcd ta ex- t'lad. " Thoo'd better, Willy," said Betty. " Noa,
plaan what ha'd come for, soapin* an' smilin' tut thenk ya," repeeated t'lad ; an' off he ran hoame,
larned editor, as it's genarally knawn all thease top- an* as sooin as ha gat intut hoose, burst oot a-roariu*
Wrkers dew— when tha've owt ta ger oot on him an' sobbin' as if his heart wod brek. « Billy, me
It appears 'at t'aim o't Marquis wur ta induce Mr. thar"
Dickeson, as a capitalist o' some noate, ta join wi' lad," says his mother, « what's t'matter wi'Cruttice
"Wah," blubbered poor Billy, "Betty
him 1' buyin' in all t'paaper shaavins 'at tha- can lig axed ma ta hev a bit o' apple-pie, an' Ah *aid, No*t
fcher bans on, soa as ta hev all t'traade ta thersens.
thenk ya!"
atxxvi ENGLISH PROVINCIAL DIALECTS.

Poakers is like brawlin' tongues— just t'thiags ta

stir up fires wi'. IV Fable book, (8)we AreadFable.
at school,
On an owd Frosk, an arrand Fooyl ;
Why does a inland sea resemrale a linen-draaper's
an'
baize).? Cos it contaans surges an* bays (serges
sbop Pride craek'd her little bit o'Brain :
(T* book o' me Neyve, Muu) we a pox,
* What's said for thease remarkable articles ?• Shoo'd needs meytch Bellies we an Ox ;
shooted an auctioneer at a saale to three week sin'. Troath, shoo wor meeghtily mistayne.
«« Here's a likeness o* Queen Victoria, ta'en in t'year Two on hur young ons, they pretend
seventeen ninety-two, a couple o* pint pots,*at's Just goane a gaterds we a Friend,
been drunk oot on be't celabraated Bobby Burns, an' Stapisht an1 starin', brought her word—
a pair o' tongs- 'at Genaral Faiifax faaght wi' at " Mother, we've seen for suer, To-neeght,
t'battle o' Marston Moor, all i' wun lot ; ay, ay, an' " A hairy Boggard ! sich a seeght !
here's another thing ta goa wi' 'em, a hay-fork 'at " As big ! as big ! eeh Loord ! eeh Loord !"
Noah used ta bed doon his beeasts wi' when ha wur Shoo puffs, and thrusts, and girns, and swells,
in t'ark, sometime i' fowerteen hundred. Bud,
hooivver, it maks na odds rut year. Fower articles [Th' Bairns thowt sho' or dooin' surainot else]
bere, all antiquaties ; what's said for 'em ? Sixpence To ratch her Coyt o'speckl'd Leather j—
is said for 'em, laadies an'gennlemen— eightpenceis « Wor it as big, my Lads, as me ?"
« Bless us," said Toan, " as big as ye,
said for 'em— ninepence, tenpence, a shillin's said " Voar but a Beean anent a Blether I"
for 'em, laadies and gennlemen, an' thenk ya for yer
magnanimaty. Are ya all done at a shilhn' ? Varry No grain o' Marcy on her Guts,
At it ageean shoo swells and struts,
•weel, then. Ah sahn't dwell ; soo thease tliree ar- As if the varry hangment bad her.
ticles is goin'." " Ye're reight, maaster," shooted Thinkin* ther Mother nobbut joak'd,
a cobbler fro't crood, " they are goin', tew ; for if
Th' young Lobs wi' Uughin', wor hawf ehoak'd ;
my e'es tell ma reight, theare's na hannles on't pots, A thing which made her ten times madder.
na noase on't pictur, an* na legs on't tongs." Another thrust, and thick as Hops,
" Hoo sweet — hoo varry sweet — is life \" as t'flee
said when ha wur stuck i' treeacle. Her Pudding's plaister'd all their Chops,
'Mess there wor then a bonny stuiriug ;
Why does a lad, detected i' robbin' a bee-hive, Deead in a Minute as a Stoane
ger a double booty be't ? Cos he gets boath honey
an.' whacks (wax). Allt'Hopes o' t' Family worgooane
A striplin' runnin' up tul a paaver, 'at wur ham- And not a six-pince left for t' burying.
merin' an' brayin' soa at his wark, 'at t'sweeat fair We think, do ye see, there's no hm.Ul elumee
ran doon his cheeks, began o' scraapin't sweeat off This little hectoring Dog o' Fronco
his faace intul a pot wi' a piece o' tin. « Hollow !" May cut just sitch another Caper j
shoots t'man, rubbin* his smartin* featurs wi' his He'll trust, for sartin, ol a pod
reight hand, "what meeans tha ta be comin* ta Ye,— mortal Tripes can never hod
scraape t'skin off a man's coontenance ?" " Nay, Sitch heaps o' wind, an' reek, nn' vapor.
nay," said t'lad, " Ah worn't scraapin't skin off, noo, What's bred i' t' Booane,an'riins i' L' Ulouytf,
but nobbut t'sweeat, which wur o' noa use ta ye, If nought, can niver come to gooyd,
maaster, wal it war ta me, as Ah've been all ower, Loa Mayster Melvilk's crackt his Pitcher,
an* couldn't get na g-oo&<j-gr«oase ounywheare till E Mooar Fowk are )>wecatin', every Lim',
•aw ye.w A feeard o' being swing'd like him,
Wi' Sammy Whitbread's twinging switch'r.
 DICTIONARY

ARCHAISMS AND PROVINCIALISMS.

A The following are the principal obsolete and Peblis to the Play, st. 10, ap. Sibbald, Chron.
J\.. provincial uses of this letter. Sc. Poet. i. 132, "a done with ane miscnaunce/'
(1) AH! (X.-A:)
A! swete sire, I seide tho.
which is quoted as an " old song" by Jamieson,
Supp. in v. A.
Richard might, as the fame went, a saved hymself,
Piers Ploughman, p. 355.
A! Lorde, he saide, fulle wo es me, if he would a fled awaie ; for those that were about
So fairs childir als I hafede thre, hym suspected treason and willed hym to flie*
And nowe ame I lef te allone .' Supp. to Hardy ng, f. 105.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 112. A don, sen's, sayd oure lordynges alle,
For ther the nold no lenger lend.
(2) HE. A for lie is common in our old drama- MS. Ratv2. C. 86, f. 178.
tists, inthe speeches of peasants or illiterate
persons, and in the provincial dialects. See (10) ONE. See Mr. Wright's note to the Alii-
Apology for the Lollards, p. 120 ; King terative Poem on the Deposition of Richard II.
Alisaunder, 7809. In the western counties, it p. 54. In the passage here quoted from the
is also used for she, and occasionally for it. copy of the Erie of Tolous in the Lincoln MS.
By Seynt Dynys, a swer is oth, Ritson's copy reads oon, p. 100.
That after that tyme a nolde Hyre lord and sche be of a blode.
Fte ne drynke no more that day, MB. Ashmole 61, f. 65.
For none kynnes thynge. MS. Ashmole 33, f. 2. He -wente awaye and syghede sorej
Wyth ys rijt hond a blessid him than, A worde spake he no more,
And pryketh ys stede and forth he nam. Ib. f. 48. Bot helde hym wondir stylle.
MS. Lincoln A. 1. 17, f. 115
(3) THEY. Salop. Thre persones in a Godhede,
(4) A is sometimes used in songs and burlesque Als clerkys in bokys rede,
poetry to lengthen out a line, without adding MS. Ashmole 61, f . 83.
to the sense. It is often also a mere expletive Hir a schanke Wake, hir other graye,
placed before a word. And alle hir body lyke the lede.
(5) Prefixed to verbs of Anglo-Saxon origin, A True Thomas, MS. "Lincoln , f. 150
has sometimes a negative, sometimes an inten- (11)
is anALWAYS ; ever.
expression used Cumo.
by old "rustics.
For ever and a"
sative power. See Wright's Gloss, to Piers A the more I loke theron,
Ploughman, in v.
A the more I thynke I fon.
(6) ALL. Sir F. Madden says, " apparently an Tuwneley Mysteries, p. 229.
error of the scribe for al, but written as pro-
(12) AT. Suffolk. Major Moor gives it the va-
nounced." inCompare
He shal haven his 1.hand
936. rious meanings of, he, or, our, if, on, at, have,
A Denemark and Engeland. Havelak, 610. and of, with, examples of each.
Have ye nat perkus and chas ?
(7) Sometimes prefixed to nouns and adjectives What schuld ye do a this place?
signifying of the, to the, on the, in the, and at Sir Degrevant, 368.]
the. See Middleton's Works, i. 262 ; Morte (13) YES. Somerset.
d' Arthur, ii. 87 ; Piers Ploughman, p. 340. (14) AND., Somerset. See Havelok, 359.
Martha fel a-doun a Crois, Wendyth home, a leve youre werryeng,
And spradde anon to grounde.
MS. Coll. Trin. Oxon. 57. Ye wynne no worshyp at thys walle.
MS. Harl. 2252, f, 121.
(8) Before a noun it is often a corruption Chapes a cheynes of chalke whytte sylver.
of the Saxon on. See Havelok, p. 213 ; Rob. Morte Arthure, JlfS. Lincoln, f. 80
Glouc. p. 353. (15) An interrogative, equivalent to what 2
And that hii a Lammasse day myd her poer come
Echone to Barbesflet, and thes veage nome.
What do you say ? Var. dial.
Rob. Glouc. p. 200. (16) IF. Suffolk.
And yit, •
a thow woldyst nyghe me nye,
(9) HAVE. Few provincial expressions are more Thow ahalt wele wete I am not slayn.
common than " a done" for have done. So in MS. Harl. 2252, f. ISO
 AAL AAT
(17) IN. AAN. (1) Own. North.
Qucxi Bardus thanne, a Goddes half (2) Anan ! what say you ? East.
The thridde tyme assaye I schalle.
Cower, MS. Sue. Anfiq. 104, f. 158. A sterte to his helm and pult him aan,
As h;y cam to the neyjentende veiSj, (3)
And On.
to Olyver fHanne a seide. MS. Axhmole 33, f. 3
As the corsynge endeth y-wis,, Do. ccsy i anon fhyn armya aan,
That hoc opus eorum Andaray tne in syker wede. Ibid. i. 44.
A Latyn y-c)epud is. MS. Coll. Trln. Go-on. 57, AANDE. Breath. This is the Danish form of
Hammering this in his heade, on he went to the the word, although it more usually occurs in
smith's house: Now, smith, quoth hee, good mor- the Thornton MS. with one a. See And.
row, is thy wife up ? No, quoth the smith, but she
is awake; go up and carry your linnen, a Gods
This MS. was written in Yorkshire, a dialect
name. Cobler of Canterbune, 1G08 which contains much of the Danish language.
(18) Sometimes repeated with adjectives, the In old Scotch, it is Aynd; Su. Got. Ande;
substantive having gone before and being un- IslAnde; Dan. Aande ; Swed. Ande. See
dersto d. Sec Macbeth, iii. 5, and the notes Hire, in v. Ande. Aand also occurs in the
of the commentators. It is also occasionally Morte d' Arthur, Lincoln MS,, f. 67, but is ap-
prefixed to numeral adjectives, as a-ten, a- parently amistake for the conjunction and.
twelve, &c. and even a-one, as in Macbeth, iii. 4. Thay hadd crestis one thaire heddez, and thaire
Somers he lette go byfore, brcstez ware bryghte lyk golde, and thaire mowthes
And charyotes stuffede with store, opene ; thaire aande slewe any qwikk thynge that it
Wele a twelve myle or more. smate apone, and oute of thaire eghne ther come
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 120. flammes of fyre. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 28.
This aand that men draus oft,
(19) A common proverb, " he does not know Betakens wynd that blaws o-loft.
great A from a bull's foot," is applied to an MS. Cott. Vespas, A. iii. f. 4.
ignorant or stupid person. Ray has a proverb,
AANDORN. An afternoon's repast, or any oc-
" A. B. from a battledore," and Taylor, the casional refection after dinner ; also simply the
water-poet, has a poem on Coryat, addressed afternoon, in which latter sense it is a corrup-
" To the gentlemen readers that understand tion of undem, q. v. Cmnb. It would in the
A. B. from a battledore." See JB. North be pronounced much like amdern, q. v.
I know not an A from the wynd-mylne,
Ne A. B. from a bole-foot, I trowe, ne thiself nother.
This form of the word is found in the Glos-
MS. Digby 41, f. 5. sarium Northanhymbricuin at the end of Ray.
A-A. (1) Explained by Junius vox dolentium.
AANE. The beard growing out of barley or
Hampole tells us that a male child utters the
other grain.
We call it [wheat] pold or pollard, that hath no
sound a-a when it is born, and a female e-e, aancs upon the eares. And that we cull the aane,
being respectively the initials of the names of which groweth out of the eare, like a long pricke
their ancestors Adam and Eve. See the Ar- or a dart, whereby the eare is defended from the
chaeologia, xix. 322. A couplet on the joys of danger of birds. Googe's Husbandry, 1577* f' 25,
heaven, in MS. Coll. S. Joh. Oxon. 57, is called AAR. Ere; before.
And when hy ben of thritty yaar,
signum a-a.
Aa! my sone Alexander, wh are es the grace, and Hy ben broun of hare, as hy weren aar.
the fortune that oure goddes highte the ? That es Kt/nff Alisaunder, 5033,
to say, that thou scholde alwaye overcome thynne AARM. The arm.
enemys. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 3. Judas seide, What wilt thou that be joven to thee
(2) Frequently occurs in an early medical MS. for a wed ? Sche answeride, thi ring and thi bye of
in Lincoln Cathedral for ana, q. v., and the the aarm, and the staff whiche thou holdist in tMn
contraction is still in use, hond. mcJelifftt, MS. Bodl. 277.
AAC. An oak. North. AARMJSD. Armed.
AAD. Old. Yorfoth. Therfoie for Crist suffride in fleisch, be 70 also
aarmed bi the same thenking; for he that suffride
AADLE. To flourish ; to addle. Suffolk. in fleische cecsside fro synnes.
AAGED. Aged. Palsgrave has " aaprcdflyke," in Wmkliffifs W«w Tfgt. p. 228,
his list of adjectives. AARON. The herb wakerobin. See Cot grave,
AA1NT. To anoint. Suffolk. See Aint. Major in v. Ve&ii.
Moor is the authority for this form of the word. AARS. The anus. This unusual form occurs in
See his Suffolk Words, p. 5. the Middlehill MS. of the Promptorhim. See
AA&IN. Oaken. North.
Prompt. Parv., p. 14, in v. Ars. In Dutch
A ALB. Ale. This form of the word, which
we have aarzelen, to go backward, which in-
may be merely accidental, occurs in Malory's volves the same form of the word.
Morte d' Arthur, ii. 445. AAS. Aces. See Ambus-as.
AALLE. Forf.hy,
All; myevery. ' Stille be thou, Sathanas !
sone, yf thou doo ry3te, The ys fallen ambes ««*. HarroioinffofHrlt, p. 21
Thou bChaJt unto thy love obeye,
And foJow hire, wille by aalle wey. In Reynard the Foxe, p. 62, " a pylgrym of
Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 50. deux aas" is apparenUy'ayplied to a pretended
AALS. Alas!
Suerties her founde to come agayne, AAT. Fine oatmeal, with which pottage istluek*
pilgrim.
Syr Gawayne and Syr Ewayne; ened. See Markham's English Housewife,
Aals, he sayed> I shal dye ! Sir Lvrcn/al, Donee frag. quoted in Boucher's Glossary, ia v- JBannocls.
 ABA * ABA

AATA. After. Suffolk. ABAND. To forsake ; to abandon.

AATH. An oath. North. Let us therefore both cruelty ibnntie,
AAX. To ask. And prudent seeke both gods and men to please.
Mirourfor Magistrates, p. 27 .
Whan alle was spoke of that they mente.
The kynge, with alle his hole entente, ABANDON. (1) Liberally; at discretion. (A.-N.)
Thanne at laste hem aaxeth this, Roquefort, in v. Bandon, gives the original
What kynge men tellen that he is ? French of the following passage :
Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 219. Aftir this swift gift tis but reason
AB. The sap of a tree. He give hisgode too in abandon.
Rom. of the Rose, 2342,
Yet diverse have assaied to deal e without okes to
that end, but not with so good successe as they have (2) Entirely ; freely. (A.-N.)
hoped, bicause the ab or juice will not so soonebe His ribbes and scholder fel adoun,
removed and cleane drawue out, which some attri- Men might se the liver abandons.
bute to want of time in the salt water. Ai'thow and Merlin, p. 223.

ABAC.
Harrison's Description of En gland, p. 213.
Backwards. North. (3) Promptly. (^.-JV.)
Ther com an hundred knightes of gret might,
Ac dude by-holde abac, Alle thai folwed him abaundoun.
And hudde his eyjen. MS. Coll. Trin. Oxon. Gy of Wartvike, p. 181.
ABACK-A-BEHINT. Behind; in the rear. North. ABANDUNE. To subject. See Golagros and
AB ACTED. Driven away by violence. Minsheu. Gawane, 275.
Fortune to her lawys can not abandune me,
ABADE. , (1) Abode; remained. See Ritson's But I shalt of Fortune rule the reyne.
Met. Rom. iii. 288 ; Ywaine and Gawin, 1180; Skelton's Works, i. 273.
Visions of Tundale, p. 67 ; Sir Tristrem, pp. ABARRE. To prevent.
232, 275, 293, 297.
This kyng Cad wall his feast at London made; The lustie yoong gentlemen who were greedle to
To hym all kynges, as soverayne lorde, obeyed, have the preie, but more desirous to have the honor,
Save kyng Oswy, at home that tyme abade. were in a great agonie and greefe that they were thus
Hardyng's Chronicle, f. 91. aban-ed from approching to assaile the citie.
Holinshed, Hist, of Ireland, p. 37.
(2) Delay. See Archseologia, xxi. 49, 62 ; Sir Reducynge to remembraunce the prysed memo-
Tristrem, p. 145 ; Golagros and Gawane, 311. ryes and perpetuall renowned factes of the famouse
For soone aftir that he was made, princes of Israel, which did not only abarre ydola-
He fel wlthouten lenger abade . trye and other ungodlynesse, but utterly abolished
Cursor Mund.i> MS. Colt. Trin. Cantab, f. 3.
all occasyons of the same,
Anoynt he was withouten abade t Wrights Monastic Letters, p. 209.
And kyng of tho Jewes made, Ibid. f. 46.ABARSTICK. Insatiableness. This word is
Wyth the knyght was non abad,
He buskyd hyme forth and rade. found in Cockeram, Skinner, and most of the
MS. Canta.1. Ff . i. 6, later dictionaries.
ABAFELLED. Baffled; indignantly.treated. ABARSTIR. More downcast.
Bot ever alas ! what was I wode ?
What, do you think chill be abajetted up and
down the town for a messel add a scoundrel ? no chy Myght no man be abarstir.
Towneley Mysteries, p. 281,
bor you: zirrah, chil come, zay no more; chill
come, tell him. The London Prodigal, p. 21. ABASCHED. Ahashed ; ashamed.
ABAISCHITE. .Ashamed. The lady was abasched withalle,
I was abaischite be oure Lorde of oure beste bernes J And went downe ynto the halle.
Morte Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f. 56. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 109.
ABAISSED. Ashamed; abashed. ABASE. To cast down ; to humble. See the
And unboxome y-be, Faerie Queene, II. ii. 32. Among illiterate
Nouht abaissed to agulte persons, it is used in the sense of debase.
God and alle good men, Harrison uses it in this latter sense applied to
So gret was myn herte. metal, in his Description of England, prefixed
Piers Ploughman, p. 518. to Holinshed, p. 218.
ABAIST. The same as Abaissed, q. v. See
LangtofVs Chron. pp. 170, 272 ; WiclinVs New ABASSCHT. Abashed. See Maundevile's Tra-
Test. p. 261 ; Chaucer, Cant. T. 8193, 8887 ; vels, p.226. This word occurs in a great va-
riety of forms. It seems to be used for injured,
Ywaine and Gawin, 846.
The grape that thou helcle in thi hand, and keste in the Morte d' Arthur, i. 366, " He smote Syr
under thi fete, and trade therone, es the citee of Palomydes upon the hehne thryes, that he
Tyre, the whilk thou salle wynne thurgh strcnth, atasshed his helme with his strokes."
and trede it with tht fote, and therfore be nathynge ABAST. (1) Downcast.
abaiste. Life of Alexander, MS. Lincoln, f. 5. Wist Isaac where so he were,
Hou unstable the world is here,, He wold be abast now,
For men sclmlde ben abatet. How that he is in dangere.
MS. Aahmole 41, f. 16, Towneley JMj/steriet, p. 37»
ABAJCWARD. Backwards. (2) A bastard. See Arthour and Merlin, as
In gryht ous sette and shyld vrom shome,
That turnst abdkward Eves norne. x quoted in EUis's Met. Rom,, ed. 1811, i. 301,
where
a bast. probably the word should be printed
Reliq. Antiq. ii. 228.
ABALIENATE. To alienate; to transfer pro- AB ASTARDIZE. To render illegitimate or base.
perty from on1} to another. Rider, See HoHyband's Dictionarie, 1593.
 ABB
ABA
Being ourselves Visions of Tundale, p. 94, which, is merely an
Corrupted and abattardized thus,
Thinke all lookes ill, that doth notlooke like us. extract from Lydgate's Life of the Virgin Mary,
although it is inserted as a separate production.
Daniel's Qitrerics Arcadia, 1606, f. ult. Of this terrible dt.olful inspeccioun,
ABASUKE. An abasement. Miege. The peeplis hertjs gretlygan abave.
ABATAYLMENT. A battlement. L:,dgate's Minor Poems, p. 144.
Of harde hewen stou up to the tables,
ABAW. (1) To bow ; to bend.
Enbaned under the abataylwent Syr
in theGaivayne,
best lawe.p. ' 30. Alle the knyghtes of Walls londe,
Ho made abaw to hishonde.
ABATE. (1) To subtract, A-batyn, subtraho. MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 101.
Prompt. Parv. This was formerly the arith- (2) To astonish ; to confound.
metical term for that operation. To abate in Lokehow je mow be abawed,
a bargain, to lower the price of any article, was That seye that the Jewe ys saved.
MS. Hart. 1701, f. 63-
very common. See Prompt. Parv. p. 314 ;
Davies's York Records, p. 156 ; Kara Mat. ABAWT. Without. Staffordsh.
ABAY. At bay. See Kyng Alisaunder, 3882 ;
p. Then
60. abate the lesse noumbre of these tuo in Shakespeare's Venus and Adonis, ed. Dyce,
the umbre toward fro the more, and kepe wele the p. 42, divided by that editor into two words.
difference bytuene tho tuo noumbres. See Abbay ; Cotgrave in v. Rendre. Our third
MS. Sloane> 213, f. 120.
example exhibits it both as a substantive and
(2) Applied to metal to reduce it to a lower a verb.
temper. SeeHorio,inv..Bmeafcare. It is often And \vhere as she hang, thei stood at aliay.
metaphorically used in the sense of to depress, MS. Laud. 735, f. 19.
Thus the forest thay fraye,
variously applied. See Hall's Iliad, 1581, p. The hertis bade at abaye.
125; Persones Tale, p. 83 ; Townley Mysteries,
p. 194 ; Nugse Antiquse, i. 4 ; Coriolanus, iii. Sir Deffrevante, MS. Line, f, 131.
And this doon, every man stond abrod and blowe
3 ; Sterline's Croesus, 1604 ; Britton's Arch. thft deeth, and make a short abay for torewarde the
Antiq. iv. 13; Hall's Union, Henry VIII. f. 133. houndes, and every man have a smal rodde yn his
(3) To beat down, or overthrow. Blount. hond to holdeof the houndes that thei shul the bet-
(4) To flutter ; to beat with the wings. Several ter abaye. AT& Btidl. 546.
instances of this hawking term occur in the ABAYSCHID. Frightened. Abaschyd, or a-
Booke of Hawkyng, printed in Reliq. Antiq. i. ferde; territus, perterritus. Prompt. Parti.
293-308. It seems to be used as a hunting And anoon the damysel roos and walkide : and
term in Morte d' Arthur, ii. 355. sche was of twelve yeer, and thei weren abayscMc.
(5) To disable a writ. A law term. with a greet stoneyng. WicMiffe's NTt'«? Test. p. 41
Any one short clause or proviso, not legal, is suffi- ABAYSSHETTE. Abashed.
cient to abate the whole writ or instrument, though The kyng of Scotlond was tho all abaysshette.
in every other part absolute and without exception, Chron. Vilodun. p. 25.
Sandei son's Sermons, 1689, p. 30. ABAYST. Disappointed.
(6) To cease. And that when that they were travy&t,
Ys continaunce abated eny bost to make. And of herborow were abayst.
Brit. Bill iv. fl3
Wright's Political Songs, p. 216.
(7) To lower ; applied to banners, &c. See We- What thyng that 50 wille to me saye,
ber's Met. Rom. ii. 477; Octovian, 1744; 3ow thare noght be abayste,
Deposition of Richard II. p. 30. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 18.
The stiward was sconfited there, ABAYSTE. Abashed. See Abaht.
Abated was the meister banere. Syr Eglamour es noghte abayste,
Gy of Warwike, p. 440. In Goddis helpe es alle his trayste.
ABATEMENT. (1) An abatement, according to Sir Eglamour, MS. Lincoln> f. 124.
Randal Holme, " is a mark added or annexed ABB. The yarn of a weaver's warp. Ify ton's MS,
to a coat [of arms] by reason of some dishon- additions to Junius, in the Bodleian Library.
ourable act, whereby the dignity of the coat is ABBARAYED. Started.
And aftyr that he knonnyngly abbarayed,
abased." See his Academy of Armory, p. 71. And to the kyng evyn thus he sayd,
(2) A diversion or amusement. North. See Ma-
Lydgate's Minor Poem*, p. 4.
lone's Shakespeare,
dbaitment. v. 311 ; Jamieson, in v. ABBAS. An abbess.
ABATY. To abate. The abbas, and odur nonnes by,
Tolde hyt full openlye.
And that he for ys nevew vrolde, for to a-baty stryf, Le Bt>na Flarence of Rome, 1926,
Do hey amendement, sawve lyme and lyf.
Rob. Glouc. p. 54. ABB AY. To bay j to bark. An abbay, or bark-
ABAUED. Astonished. See Abaw. ing.— Minskeu. See Abay. To keep at abbay,
Many men of his kynde sauh him so abaved. to keep at bay. See Biwet's Alvearie, in v.
Langtoffs Chron. p. 210. ABBEN. To have. Different parts of this verb
ABATJT. About. North. occur in Robert of Gloucester, p, 166, &c.
ABAVE. To be astonished. Abaued, q. v., in Mafceth ous to don sunne,
And abben to monkunne. MS* Digby 8^» f. 127
Langtoffc's Chronicle, p. 210, ought perhaps to
be •written Abaved. See an instance of this ABBEY. (1) The great white poplar, one of the
word in a fragment printed at the end of the j varieties of the popuha alba. West*
 ABC ABE
(2) To bring an abbey to a grange, is an old pro- ABCE. The alphabet. See Cotgrave, in v,
Abec€, Carte; Prompt. Parv. p. 12 ; Brit. Bibl!
verbial expression. See Skelton's Works, i.
327, and the notes of the Editor upon the ii. 397; Greene's Menaphon, 1616, dedication.
ABDEVENHAM. An astrological word, mean-
phrase. ing the head of the twelfth house, in a scheme
ABBEY-LUBBER. A term of reproach for idle-
ness. Somerset. It is found in the diction- of the heavens.
aries of Cotgrave, Howell, Miege, and others. ABDUCE. To lead away. (Lai.)
Oon thyng I dyd note in bothe these men, that
See also
i. 128. Lyly's Euphues; Herrick's Works, thei thoght a religion to kepe secret betwene God
The most of that which they did bestow was on and them certayn thynges, rather than topon their
wholl stomake ; from the whych opinion 1 colde not
the riche, and not the poore in dede, as halt, lame,
abduce them with al my endevor. State Papers, i,557»
blmde, sicke or impotent, but lither lubbers that
might worke and would uot. In so much that it came ABE. To atone for.
Here he haclde the dest^nee
into a commen proverbe to call him an abbay-lubbert
that was idle, wel fed, a long lewd lither loiterer, That the povreman xulde abt.
Relic/. Antiq. \. 63.
that might worke and would not.
The Burnynge of Paules Church, 1563. ABEAR. To deport ; to conduct. It is often
ABBIGGET. Expiate; pay for. used among illiterate persons for to bear, to
Alle they schalle abbigget dure, tolerate.
That token him in that tide. MS. Ashmole 33, f . 14. So did the faerie knight himselfe abeare,
ABBLASTRE. A crossbow-man. This form And stouped oft his head from shame to shield.
Faerie Queene, V. xii. 19.
occurs in the Herald's College MS. of Robert ABECE. An alphabet ; an A B C. See Prompt.
of Gloucester, Hearne's edition, pp. 372, 378. Parv. p. 12; Rob. Gloucest. p. 266; Reliq.
ABBOD. An abbot.
The byssop hym ansuerede, and the abbod Dynok. Antiq.Whan
i. 63.that the wise man acompteth
Rob. Gfouc. p. 234.
Aftir the formel propirte
ABBOT-OF-MISRULE. A person who super- Of algorismes abece.
intended the diversions of Christmas, other- Gower> MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 193.
wise called the Lord of Misrule, q. v. See ABECEDARIAN. An abecedarian, one that
Collier's Annals of the Stage, i. 54 ; Hampson's teacheth or learneth the crosse row. Minsh&u..
Kalendarium, i. 117; Warton's Hist. Engl. ABECEDARY. Alphabetical.
Poet. ii. 525; Brand's Pop. Antiq. i. 276. Unto these fewe you may annexe more if you. will,
Howell, in the list of games appended to his as your occasion serveth, and reduce them into an
Lexicon, mentions the game of the abbot, which abecedarye order. MS Coll. Omn. An. Qxon. 130.
may be an allusion to this custom. ABECHED. Fed; satisfied. (A.-N.) Compare
A BBREVYATE. Decreased. the printed edition of 1532, f. 132.
Thyspoetycall schoole, mayster corrector of breves 3'it schulde I sumdelle ben abeched,
and longes*, caused Collyngborne to bee abhrevyate And for the tyme wel refreched.
shorter by the heade, and to bee devyded into foure Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134S f. 181.
quarters. Hall's Union, Richard III. f. 18. ABEDDE. In bed. Var. dial.
ABBROCHYN. To broach a barrel. Abbrochyn That night he sat wel sore akale,
And his wif lai warme abedde.
or attamyn a vesselle of drynke, attamino. — The Sevyn Sages, 1513.
Prompt. Parv.
ABBUT. Aye but. YorJesh. ABEDE. (1) To bid ; to offer.
Y schal be the furste of alle
ABBYT. A habit.
And chanones gode he dede therinne, That our message schal abede.
Untherthe abbyt ofseyiite Austynne.
Wright's St. Patrick's Purgatory, p. 66. (2) Abode ; remained. See Syr Tryamoure, 374.
Befyse, with hys felows bronde,
A-B-C. Strutt, in his Sports and Pastimes, Smote yn sender, thorow Godys sonde,
p. 398, has printed a curious alliterative alpha- The rope above the Sarsyns hedd,
bet, called the ABC of Aristotle, There are That he with Befyse yn preson abede.
copies of it in MSS. Harl. 541, 1304, 1706, MS. Cantab. Ff. Ii. 38, f. 109,
MS. Lambeth 853, and MS. Cantab. If. v. ABEGE. To atone for.
He wolde don his sacrilege,
48. One of the MSS. ascribe it to a "Mayster
That many a man it schulde abege.
Bennet.7' It is very likely the original of com- Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq, 134, f. 174.
positions like " A was an apple-pie," in books Alle Grece it schulde abeggesoxe
' of nursery rhymes. To see the wilde best wone,
A-B-C-BOOK. A catechism, hornbook, or Where whilom dwellid a mannis sone.
primer, used for teaching children the first Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 96.
rudiments of reading; sometimes, the alphabet ABEISAUNCE. Obedience. (A..N.)
in general. See King John, i 1 ; Lydgate's An hound is of good abttisaunce, for he wol lerneaa
Minor Poems, p. 87; Maitland's Early Printed a man al that a man wol teche hym. MS. Bodt. 546.
Books in the Lambeth Library, p. 311; Cata- ABELDE. To grow bold.
Theo folk of Perec gan abelde.
logueIn ofDouce's MSS. p. 42.
th<? A 3 C of bokes the least, Kyng Alisaunder, 2442.
Yt is written X>eus charitas est. ABELE. A fine kind of white poplar. Var. dial
Tke interlude of Youth, f. 1.
See Prompt. Parv. p. 17, where Mr. Way says
 ABE < AJ3I
it is " the name given ly botanists to the ABEYSAUNCE. Obeisance. Skinner thinks
populus alba," The name is very common in
the provinces. the proper form of the word is obeisance.
Unavysyd clerk soone may be forlore,
Unto that theef to doone abeyvaunce.
ABEL-WHACKETS.
with cards ; the loser Areceiving
game played
so many"by strokes
sailors MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. ^3o.
from a handkerchief twisted into a knot on his ABEYTED. Ensnared.
hand, as he has lost the games. Grose. Hys fiesshe on here was so abeyted,
That thyke womman he coveytyd.
ABELYCHE. Ably.
That he the craft abelyche may conne, JUS. Harl. 1701, f. '2.
Whersever he go undur the sonne.
ABEY3EDOUN. Obeyed.
Constitutions of Masonry, 243. Ny they abey^edoun hem nothyngCitron.
to theVilodun.
kyng hest.
p. Q7«
ABENCHE. Uponabench. SeeRob.Glouc.p.118. ABGREGATE. To lead out of the flock. Mimheu.
Horn sette him abenche,
Is harpe he gan clenche. Kyng Horn, 1497.
ABHOMINABLE. An old method of spelling
ABENT. A steep place. Skinner. The a is here abominable
v. 1. The -, wordridiculed in Love's
was not always Labour's
formerly Lost,
used
perhaps merely the article.
ABERDAVINE. The siskin. Boucher. in a bad sense. See Webster's Works, iii. 1 75.
ABERE. To bear. ABHOR. To protest against, or reject solemnly.
An old term of canon law. See Henry VIII.
And with also good reson, we mowe of hem y-wis ii. 4.
Abere thilke truage, that as thyng robbed is.
Rob. Glouc. p. 196. ABIDANCE. Tarrying; dwelling.
ABEREMORD. A law term, meaning murder Wherein he is like to remain 'till the dissolution
of the world, so long is his abidance.
fully proved, as distinguished from manslaugh- The Puritan, p. 22,
ter, and justifiable homicide. See Juuius, in v. ABIDDEN. Endured.
ABERING. A law phrase for the proper and He looked wan and gash, but spake to them and
peaceful carriage of a loyal subject. See told them that the Lord, at the prayers of his wife,
Hawkins' Engl. Drama, i. 239 ; MS. Ashinole had restored him to life, and that he had beene in
1788, f. 20. purgatory, and what punishment he had abidden for
ABERNE. Auburn. See a mention of " long hisjealouse. - Cvbler of Canterburie, 1G08.
aberne beardes," in Cunningham's Revels Ac- ABIDE. (1) To persevere ; to endure ; to suffer.
counts, p.56. Pegge gives the phrase, " you must grin and
ABESSE. To humble. and abide it," applied in cases where resistance
Echeone untille other, what is this ? is useless, which comes, I believe, from the
Oure kynge hath do this thynge amis, North. It is also another form of able. See
So to abesse his rialte*,
That every man it myjte see. Collier's Hist. Dram. Poet. ii. 356 ; Malone's
Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 51. Shakespeare, v. 269.
ABESTOR. A kind of stone. (2) Often used by Lydgate in the sense of to
Among stones abestor, which being hot wil never be forbear. To tolerate is its meaning in the pro-
colde for our constancies. Lyly's Mother Bombie, 1594. vinces. See Dent's Pathway to Heaven, p.
ABESYANS. Obeisance. 120 ; TopseU's Four-footed Beasts, p. 75.
Now wursheppful sovereyns thatsyltyn here in syth, ABIDYNGE. Patient. (^.-£)
Lordys and ladyes and frankelms in fay. And bold and abidyitge
With alle maner ofabesyans we recomaunde us ryght, Bismares to suffre. Piers Ploughman, p. 413.
Plesantly to jourpersoues that present ben in pLiy. ABIDYNGELY. Staying.
MS. Tanner 407, f- 44. That these had ben with me familier,
ABET. Help; assistance. And in myn housolde ben abidyngt-ly .
MS. Soc. 4»ti<i. 134, f. 288.
I am thine erne, the shame were unto me
As wel as the, if that I should assent
ABIE. To pay for ; to expiate. " To abie it dear"
Through mine abef, that he thine honour shent. is a phrase constantly met with in old writers.
Troilus and Creseide, ii. 357.
Hearne explains it to buy in his glossary to
ABETTES. Abbots. See Wright's Monastic Langtoft.
Letters, p. 206, for an example of this form of ABIGGEDE. Suffer. (^.-£)
the word. The wiche schal it abiygede
ABEW. Above. Devon. Thurch whom he hath don this dede.
lAgenfa Cttthulica, p. 206.
ABEY. Toabie, q.v, See Hartshorne's Met.Tales, ABIGGEN. To abie, q. v. See Gy of Warwike, pp.
p. 225 ; Richard Goer de Lion, 714 ; Chaucer,
Cant. T. 12034 ; Collier's Hist. Dram. Poet, 49, 129, 138 ; Piers Ploughman, pp. 35, 127 ;
ii. 283 ; Gy of Warwike, p. 169. Kyng Alisaunder, 901 j Amis and Amiloun,
Farewellc, for I schalle sone deye, 390 ; Sevyn Sages, 497.
And thepke how I- thy love abeye, The kynge schalle hyt soone abygge.
MS. Cuutab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 107.
Qower, MS. Soc, Antiq. 134, f. 86.
ABEYD. To abide. ABILIMENTS. Habiliments. See Hall's Union,
Aud to abei/d abstinens and forsake abundans. Richard HI. f. 29. Sometimes written abil-
MS. Dwce 302, f. 3.
ments, as in Archaeologia, xvii. 292 ; and abbi*
ABEYE. To bow ; to obey.
To resoune thei moste nedys abeye, Ument,But asto inrecouute
the "Woman
her rychein titylyment,
the Moone, 1597.
In helle pette elJyg schalle they hong. And what estates to her did reaorte t
MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 139. Therto am I full insuffycyent.
Skeltott* HVfrj, 1.363
 ABL
ABI
ABILL. To make able. ABITEN. Bitten; devoured.
A thousent shepi ch habbe abiten,
And 'namely to thame that abills thanne thare-to
•with the helpe of Godd in alle that thay may one And mo, $ef hy weren i-writen
Reliq. Antiq. ii, 276
the same wyse. MS, Lincoln A. i. 17* f. 234.
ABILLERE. Stronger; more able. ABJECT. (I) A despicable person.
Abillere thane ever was syr Ector of Troye. I deemed it better so to die,
Morts Ai'tliwe> MS. Lincoln, f. 81. Than at my foeman's feet an abject lie,
Jtfirrobrfor Magistrates, p. 20,
ABIME. An abyss.
Columpne and base, upberyng from abime. (2) To reject ; to cast away. See Palsgrave, f.
Chaucer, ed. Urry, p. 539,
No word shul thei ^itt sowne,
136; Utterson's Pop. Poet. ii. 7; Giletta of
Til that thei be fallen downe Narbona, ap. Collier's Shak. Lib. p. 12 ; Skel-
ton's Works, i. 308.
Unto the abyme vvithouten sijt. The bloude of the saied Kynge Henry, althoughe
Cursor Mundi, MS, Tnn. Coll. Cantab. {. 134.
he had a goodly sonne, was clerely objected, and the
ABINTESTATE. Intestate. M'msheu. crowne of the realme, by aucthoritie of parliamente,
ABISHERING. According to Rastall, as quoted entayled to the Duke of Yorke.
Hall, Edward F. f. 1.
by Co well, is " to be quit of arnerciaments be-
fore whomsoever of transgression." Rider ABJECTION. Baseness, vileness. See Minsheu,
translates it \yjfsco non reditus. in v. ; Harrison's Description of Britaine, p.
ABI ST. Payest for it. 18. It occurs in Skelton's Works, i. 345, ex-
Thou lexst, he seyd, vile losanjour ! plained by the editor to mean there objection.
Thou it abist bi seyn Savour ! ABLAND. Blinded ; made blind.
Gii of Warunke, p. 188. The walmes han the abland,
ABIT. (1) A habit. The word occurs in the senses And thenvhiles thai boillandbe,
of clothing, as well as a custom or habit. See Sire> thou ne schalt never i-se.
Reliq. Antiq. ii. 175 ; Prompt Parv. pp. 97, The &'evyn Sages, 2462.
179; Gesta Romanorum, p. 246; Wright's ABLASTE. (1) A crossbow, The Prompt.
Purgatory, p. 141 ; Rob. Glouc. pp. 105, 434. Parv. p. 9, is the authority for this form of the
(2) An obit ; a service for the dead. word.
Also if thei vow hem to hold an abit, or other ritis,
and God behitith no meed for the keping, but ra- (2) Blasted.
Venym and fyre togedir he caste,
ther reprove, as he dede sum tyme the Phariseis, That he Jason so sore ablaste,
doutles that is a5en the gospel. That yf nc were his oynernent,'
Apology for the Lollards, p, 103. His ringe and his enchauntement,
Whiche Medea tok him to-fore,
(3) Abideth. See Reliq. Antiq. i. 115 ; Chau- He hadde with that worme be lore.
cer, Cant. T. 16643 ; Rom. of the Rose, 4989. Goiver, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f, 150.
He sayeth that grace not in him abit,
But wikkid ende and cursid aventure. ABLE. (1) This word has two distinct senses,
Qccleve, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 263. the one to make able or give power for any
Ne haste noujt thin owen sorow, purpose ; the other and more remarkable one,
My sone, and take this in thy wit, to warrant or answer for, as in King Lear,
He hathnoujt lefte that wel abit, iv. 6. See also Ashmole's Theat. Chem. Brit,
Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134> f. 95.
Seynt Bernard tharfore to swych chyt, p. 223.
iv. 118; Nares, in v. ; Middleton's Works,
And seyth moche forjyt that longe abyt.
MS. Harl, 1701, f, 75 (2) Fit; proper.
Noye, to me thou arte full able,
ABITACLE. A habitation; a dwelling. (Lat.) And to my sacrifice acceptable.
In whom also be 56 bildid togidre into the abitacU Cheater Playt, I, 66,
of God in the Hooli Goost.
WicWJftfs New Test. p. 154. (3) Wealthy. Herefordsh.
ABLECTIVE. Adorned for sale. CocTceram.
ABITE. (1) A habitation ; an abode.
And eke abidin thilke dale ABLE
More.CATION. A dismission ; a dispersion.
To leve his abitet and gon his waie.
Romaunt of the Ross, 4914. ABLEMENTES. Habiliments.
He toke a ship of high and greate avantage,
(2) To atone for. Of abiementes for warre, and ordinaunce.
We, yei, that shal thou sore abite*
Toioneley Mysteries, p, 15. Hardyng'a Chronicle, f. 145.
(3) To bite. (A.-S.) ABLENDE. To blind; to dazzle. (A.-S.) As
Addres, quinres, and dragouns the early translations of Vegecius will be occa-
Wolden this folk, mychel and lyte, sionally quoted, it may be as well to state that
Enveuymen and abite»
the one made at Berkeley's request, 1408, from
Ky<ng Alisaundvr, 5611. which the following extract is made, is not by
Broune lyouns, and eke white, Trevisa, as conjectured by Tanner, but by &
That wolden fayn his folk abyte. Ibid. 7096.
person of the name of Clifton. This fact ap*
(4) Abideth. pears from the colophon of copies in MS. Douce
And as an esy pacient the lore
Abite of him that goth about his cure, 291, and MS. Digby 233; the last-mentioned
And thus he drivith forth his avinture. one having baffled Strutt, Reg.^ Antiq, cd.
Trottos and Creveide, i. 10,92. Planche, p. 77. Manuscripts of this work are
ABITED, Mildewed. Kent. very common. For examples of tzifentfe, see
 ABO ! ABO
ABOARD. (1) To approach near the shore. (Fr.}
Piers Ploughman, p. 377 ; Rob. Glouc. p. Cockeram has abbord, to approach near the
208.
He schal both ablende his enemyes sijt, and astonyeshore, to grapple with a ship. See also Cot-
his mynde, and he schal sodeynlich wounde his grave, in v. AbwdS, Arrivce*
enemy. 3W. Douce 291, f. 12. Ev'n to the verge of gold, aboarding Spain. 1599.
Salitnan and Persida,
ABLENESS. Power; strength. SeeMiddJ eton's
Works, iv. 519, and the example quoted by (2) In many kinds of games, this phrase signifies
Richardson. that the person or side in the game that was
ABLENT, Blinded; deceived. See Piers either none or but few, has now got to be as
Songs, many as the other. Dyche.
Ploughman, p. 388 ; Wright's Political ABOBBED. Astonished. (A.-N.)
p. 330.
Stionge thef, thou schalt be sheut, The messangers were abobbed tho,
For thou hast me thus ablent. Thai nisten what th/iiA)mighten
thour anddo.Merlin, p. 74.
MS. Addit. 10036, f. 52.
ABLEPSY. Blindness. Cockeram. ABOCCHEMENT. Increase. Prompt. Parv.
ABLESS. Careless and negligent, or untidy or ABOCCHYNGE. Increase. Prompt. Parv.
slovenly in person. Lino. ABOCOCKED. A cap of state.
ABLESSYD. Blessed. See Tundale, p. 23, Some say his high cap of estate, called alococked,
garnished with twoo riche erounes, whiche was pre-
where, however, the a may be merely the ex- sented to Kyng Edward at Yorke the fourth ddie of
clamation AI
May. Hat*, Edward IV. f. 2.
ABLET. The bleak. West.
ABODE. (1) Delay. See Gy of Warwike, p. 46 ;
ABLETUS. Ability. This seems to be the
Croke's Thirteen Psalms, p. 19.
meaning of the word in an obscure and muti- And so he dede withouten abode,
lated passage in MS. Ashmole 44. Swiftliche hoin he rode.
Arthow and Merlin, p. 107.
ABLEWE. Blew [upon her.]
Aswon tho sche overthrewe,
Wawain sone hir ablewe. Arthow and Merlin, p. 315. (2) Waited for. God that y was borne,
V thanke
ABLICHE. Ably. That y abode thys day.
These mowe abliclie be chosen to ehyvalrye, for MS. Cantab. Pf. ii. 38, f. 53.
hereynne stondeth al the heithe and profijt of the ABOFE. Abode; dwelling.
" comynalt<£. MS. Douce 291, f. 10 JVolde God, for his modurs luf,
ABLIGURY. Spending in belly cheere. Minskeu. Bryng me onys at myne abofe,
ABLINS. Perhaps ; possibly. North. I were out of theire eye.
TITS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 55
ABLOBE. Bloody; with blood. See Gy of
ABOFFE. Above.
"Warwike, p. 315sat; Arthour
Olubrius and byheldand Merlin, p. 333. Be Jhesu Cryst that is aboffet
How here lymes ronne a-blode. That man aught meTttagode loffe. Dauttce, 217,
Cockwolds
MS. Coll. Trin. Own. 6?.
Thare was a ryalle roffe
ABLOY. An exclamation used in hunting, bor- In that chambir aboffe.
rowed from the French, and equivalent to MS, Lincoln A. i. 17, f. J3(J.
On ! On !
The lorde for blya aUoy. Syr Gawayne, p. 44. ABOGEN. Bowed. Bailey.
ABLUDE. To differ ; to be unlike. HaU. ABOGHTEN. Suffered. (A.-S.}
And that aboghten gultles,
ABLUSION. A chemical term, meaning the Bothe Dejanire and Hercules.
cleansing of medicines from any drugs or Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq, 134, f. 75.
impurities,
And also of ther induracion,
ABOHT. Bought. See Kyng Horn, 1402;
Qiles, ablusions, metall fusible. Chron. of England, 854 ; Ritson's Ancient
Songs, p. 7 ; Harrowing of Hell, pp. 17, 25.
Chaucer, ed". Urry, p. 123. Nou thou hast in that foul hous,
A-BLYNDEN. To blind ; to dazzle. (A.-S.) A thyng that is ful precious,
Why menestow thi mood for a mote Ful duere hit ys aboht.
In thi brotheres eighe, Wright's Lyric Potrtry, p. 103.
Sithen a beem in thyn owene
A-blyndeth thiselve. Piers Ploughman, p. 189. ABOLETE.And dare Antiquated; abolished.
use the experyeus,
ABLYNG. Fitting. See Urry 's Chaucer, p. 364 ; In there obsolute conscious
Ashmole's Theat. Chem. Brit. p. 148. To practy ve suche abolste scian*.
Wherfore what tyme a man.dooth what he may in SJcelton's Works, 11. 48,
abfyngehym to grace, hit sufficith to him, for God A-BONE. Excellently; well.
askith not of a man that he seeth impossible to hym.
Spurres of golde also he had on.
Carton's Divers Fruitful Ghostly Maters. And a good swerde, that wolde byte a-bone.
ABNORMETH. Disfigureth; disguiseth. Syr Guwayne, p. 2I7«
Al frainith he in luste that he sojourneth,
And all his chere and speche also he abnormeth. ABONE. (1) To make good or seasonable ; to
Troilus and Creseide, i. 328. ripen. Blount.
Abided; suffered; endured. '2) To dispatch quickly, SMnner.
For all her maydens much did feare, '3)Coerde
Above.Lion,
SeeTheGreneKnight,513;Ricliard
Jf Oberon had chanc'd to heare 4361; Lybeaus Disconus, 1816.
That Mab his Queene should have beene there, Tho thei seiche a Htel hem abans
fie would not have aboade it. Seven knightea y-armed come.
Artliour and Merhn, p, 128*
JDrayton's Poems, p. 173.
 ABO > ABO
ABOOD. Remained. ABOUGHWED, Bowed; obeyed. See a read-
Into the bath I scholde goon, ing in the College of Arms MS. of Robert of
And in I wente anoon by grace, Gloucester, in Hearne's edition, p. 106
And there abood but lytel space. ABOUN. Above.
MS. Cott, Tiber. A. vii. f. 85. They said that songe was this to sey,
ABOON. Above; overhead. North. To God aboun be joy and blysse
Twiddle 's ! rtsions. p. 158
ABOORD. From the bank.
A» men in summer fearles passe the foord, ABOUNDS. Abounding.
Which is in winter lord of all the plaine3 Ry3t so this mayde, of grace most abounde,
And with his tumbling streames doth beare aboard A peerelle hath closid withinne hire brestes whyte.
The ploughmanshope and shepheards labour vaine. Lydgate, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f . 3.
Spenser's Rvines of Rome, 1591. ABOURE. Protector?
ABOOT. Beaten down. SMnner. See Abote. And if thay have any mete,
ABOOVE. Above. West. Parte with them wole we,
ABOKE. Born. Or elles strokes thay shal gete,
At Taundeane lond I woz above and abred. By God and Seynte Mary, myn abourL
MS. AshmoleSB, f. 112. MS. Douce 175, p. 59.
ABOEMENT. An abortion. An unusual form ABOUT. Circularly; in a circle. See Macbeth,
of the word found in Topsell's History of i. 3. It is singularly used in the phrase, "about,
Four-Footed Beasts, 1607, p. 21. Aborsment my brains," signifying, " brains, go to work,"
as in Hamlet, ii. 2. In the eastern counties it
occurs in Higins* Nomenclator, p. 17; and
abort in Plorio, ed. 1611, p. 2. is current in the sense of near, as, " this horse
ABORTYVE, An abortion. It is also an ad- is worth nothing about fourty pounds."
j e c t i v e , a sin Rich's
The childre that are abortyves,Honestie of this Age, p. 6. ABOUTEN. About. According to Cooper's Sus-
sex Glossary, p. 12, it is still in use in East
Tho are that ben not born in lyves, Sussex.
Shul rise in thritty jeer of elde. And in this wise these lordes all and some
Cursor Mundi> MS. Cantab, f. 136. Ben on the Son day to the citee come
ABOSTED. Assaulted. (A.-N.) MS. Douce 104 Abouten prime, and in the toun alight.
reads and bosted, and MS. Douce 333 has Chaucer, Cant. T. 2191.
he bosted. ABOUT-SLEDGE. A smith's great forging
A Bretone, a braggere,
hammer. See^i note ia Beaumont and Fletcher,
A-bosted Piers als. Piers Ploughman, p. 126. ed. Dyce, ivi>l89.
ABOT. An abbot. The occurrence of this form ABOUTWARD. Near. See the Plumpton Cor-
in early English shows that the new ortho- respondence, p201.
.
graphy abbat, which one sometimes sees, is But than syr Marrok, hys steward,
incorrect. See Legendae Catholicae, p. 19; Was faste a&owtewarde
Plumpton Correspondence, p. 84. To do hys lady gyle. MS. Cantab, Ff. ii. 38, f, 71.
ABOUYE. To bow.
ABOTE. (1) Beaten down.
Of whiche sight glad, God it wot, Alle londys ssole abouye to by Weste and by Este.
She was abashid and abote. Rob, Glouc. p. 215
Chaucer's Dreame, 1290. ABOU3TE. Part, past of able, q. v.
Or it schalle sore ben aboujte,
(2) About.
With ordir in the bateyllys arayed. Or thou schalte worche as y the say.
They cum the towne abote, Gotvei; MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 55.
Rehq. Antiq. ii, 21. And that hath Dido sore aboufte,
ABOTHE. Above. Whos deth schall ever be bethoujte.
Ibid. f. 104.
Abothe half lay mani on,
The heved fro the nek bon. ABOVE. In old stage directions this word ge-
Arthour and Merlin, p. 18. nerally refers to the upper stage, the raised
A-BOUET. This word, which occurs in Mr. platform towards the back of the stage. See
Wright's glossary to the Deposition of Richard Webster's Works, i. 314. Above, in common
II., is perhaps a misprint for a bonet, a kind of speech, is equivalent to more than. As above
sail. a bit, exceedingly, a very common phrase ; and
ABOUGHT. Bought Sometimes, atoned for, the slang expression above your hooks, i. e. too
from aliggen; and it is occasionally the ortho- knowing or clever.
graphy ofabout. Jennings gives the Somerset- ABOVEN. Above.
shire proverb (Dialects, With sparcles and smeke covered aboveft,
Vur vaught,p. 80), As hit were a brennyng oven.
And dear abought* Cursor Handi, Trin. CM. MS. f. 19.
See Gy of Warwike, pp. 72, 155, 355; Chaucer, Hir queynt aboven Mr kne
Naked the knightes knewe,
Cant. T. 2305; Lyheaus Disconus, 1979; Kyng Sir Tristram, p. 246.
Alisaunder, 898; Sir Cleges, 43; Thynne's ABOWE. (1) To bow. See Kyng Alisaunder,
Debate between Pride and Lowlines, p. 62 ;
188 ; Rob. Glouc. pp. 78, 309.
Wright's Monastic Letters, p. 31 ; Hawkins' To Roland than sche gan abowe
Engl. Drama, i. 13. The proverb given above Almost doun. til his fete. MS. Ashmole 33,
seems to be derived from an old one, " Dear Tharefore ech man heom scholde tibowle,
bought and fair fett, are dainties for ladies," That guode jeme tharof norae.
which Howell gives in his collection, p. 8.
MS. Lat
 10
ABR
ABR
(2) Above. proper names are frequently abbreviated in
Into thatt reygeon where he ys kyng, early MSS., and it suits the sense and metre.
Wyche aboive all ottmr far dothe abownde.
ABRAHAM-MEN. According to the Frateraitye
Sharp's Cov. Myst. p. 83.
It was busted abowe of Vacabondes, 1575, " an Abraham-man is he
With besantes fulle bryghte. that walketh bare-armed, and bare-legged, and
MS. Lincoln. A. I. 1?, f. 136. fayneth hymselfe mad, and caryeth a packe of
(3) To maintain ; to avow. This may be a mis- wool, or a stycke with baken on it, or such
take for avowe. See Arthour and Merlin, p.
lyke toy, and nameth himself poore Tom."
193, and the example quoted under Anclowe. They are alluded to by Shakespeare under the
ABOWEN. Above. See Reliq. Antiq. i. 54, name of Bedlam Beggars, and their still more
189 ; Prompt. Parv. p. 179. usual appellation was Toms of Bedlam, q. v.
Kepe hyt therfore wyth temperat hete adowne
Full forty dayes, tyll hyt wex black abowen. According to Grose, to " sham Abram" is to
pretend sickness, which Nares thinks may have
Ashmole's Theat. Cfiem.Srit. p. 171- some connexion with the other term. See
ABOWES. Abbots. [Avowes ?]
God and Scinte Marie, and Sein Denis also, also Aubrey's Nat. Hist. Wilts, MS. p. 259 ;
And alle the abowes of this churche, ia was ore ich Harrison's Description of England, p. 184.
am i-do. Rob. Glouc. p. 475. ABRAHAM'S-BALM. A kind of willow. Ac-
ABOWGHT. About. cording toBullokar, English Expositor, 164],
dbowght the body he hyme hente, it was used as a charm to preserve chastity.
As far as he myght last. Torrent of Portugal* p. 9. ABRAID. To rise on the stomach with a degree
ABOWTH. Bought. of nausea ; applied to articles of diet, which
And therfore God, that alle hath wrojth,
And alle mankynde dere abowth,
prove disagreeable to the taste or difficult of
Sende us happe and grace. digestion. North. This may be the meaning in
MS. Douce 84, f. 53. Troilus and Creseide, i. 725.
Instead of nourishing, it stimulates, abrades, and
ABOWTYNE. About. Cf. Reliq. Antiq. i. 7;
carries away a part of the solids.
Prompt. Parv. p. 168 ; Songs and Carols, xi. Collins' Miscellanies, 1702, p. 70.
He dyd them in a panne of brasse,
Also hoto as ever it was, ABRAIDE. (1) To awake ; to start. Palsgrave
And made fyere abowtyne* MS. Aahmole 61 , f. 5. has " I abrayde, I inforce me to do a thynge."
AB03EDE. Bowed. f. 136.
And if that he out of his slepe abraide
Wel corteysly thanne aboyede she,
And to help hure gan him praye. He mighte don us bathe a vilanie.
Chaucer, Cant. T. 4188.
MS. Ashmole 33, f. 27.
AB03T. Bought. (2) Explained abroad by Percy. See Rcliques,
These bargeyn wyl be dere abo$t. p. 44. It more likely ought to be " a braide,"
MS. Douce 302, f. 1 a start. See Ritson's Anc. Pop. Poet. p. 19.
ABRACADABRA. This -word, written in a pe- (3) As a slight variation of our first meaning, it
culiar manner, was formerly worn about the may be mentioned that the word is particularly
neck as a cure for the ague. See Pettigrew applied to the action of drawing a sword from
a scabbard.
on Medical Superstitions, p. 53 ; Archseolo-
gia, xxx. 427- ABRAM. A cant term, according to Coles ap-
Mr, Banester sayth that he healed 200 in one yer plied to a naked or very poor man. Cf.
of an ague, by hanging Abracadabra about ther
necks, and wold stanch blood, or heal the toothake,
Middleton's Works, iii.Nares
ABRAM-COLOURED. 32'. considers this ex-
althogh the partyes wer 10 myle of.
MS. ^Mif. 5008. pression may be a corruption of au&urn, and is
ABRAD. Withered ? in some measure confirmed by a passage in
The gode burgeis on a dal, Coriolanus, ii. 3 : " Our heads are some brown,
His ympe thrivende he sai, some black, some abram, some bald, but that
Fair i-woxe and fuiri-sprad,
But the olde tre was abrad. The Sevyn Sages, CIO. our wits
folio are alters
of 1685 so diversly
aftram coloured/'
to auburn. The
See
ABRADAS. A Macedonian pirate, mentioned Middleton's Works, i. 259 ; Toone, in v.
by Greene and Shakespeare. The commenta- ABRASE. Smooth.
tors have failed in tracing any further notice The fourth, in white, is Aphelela, a nymph a*
of him. pure and simple as the aoul, or as an abrase tablGj
ABRADE. To rub, or scrape off. See Richard- and is therefore called simplicity.
son in v. The word is still in use as a sea term. Bern Jonson, il. 360.
ABRAHAM-COLOURED. See ^dram-coloured. ABRAYDE. (1) Started ; roused himself.
Ipomydon with that stroke a&raytitf.
Cf. Hawkins' Eng. Dram. ii. 276 ; Blurt Mas- And to the kynge thus he sayde.
ter Constable, 1602.
ABRAHAM-CUPID. The expression occurs in
To upbraid. See the Truefpomycton,
Romeo and Juliet, ii. 1, and is conjectured by (2)Richard Tragedie1149.
of
the Third, p. 22, where the editor nas
Upton to be a mistake for Adam Cupid, and divided the word.
to allude to Adam Bell, the celebrated archer. Bochas present felly gan abrayde
See his observations on Shakespeare, ed. 1748, To Messaline, and even thus he sayde.
p. 243, The conjecture is very plausible, as Bochas, b. vJi. c. 4.
 11
ABR ABS
ABRAYDEN. To excite. ABRODE, (1) Abroad. North.
For theyr comodit6s to abrayden up pride. Admyt thou shouldst abyde abrode a. year or twayne,
Lydgate'a Minor Poems, p. 121. Should so short absence cause so long and eke so gree-
ABREAD. Unconfined; exposed; spread out. vous payne ? Ritmeus and Juliet, ap. Collier, p. 46.
North. (2) Spread abroad. North.
ABRECOCK. An apricot. Gerard. ABROKE. (1) One that has a rupture is said to
ABRED. Brought up. West. be abroke. Kennett's MS. Glossary.
ABREDE. (1) This word is explained to up- (3) Torn, Hants.
braid, bySkinner, who refers to the following A-BROKEN. Broken out ; escaped.
And saide thei wer no men,
passage. The meaning is obviously, " ran out But develis a-broken oute of helle.
of his senses." Sir Ferumbras, MS.
How Troilus nere out of his witte abrede,
And wept full sore, with visage pale of he we. ABRON. Auburn.
The Testament of Creseide, 45. A lusty courtier, whose curled head
With abron locks was fairly furnished.
(2) In breadth. North. See Chronicle of Ball's Satires, iii 5.
England, 808, in Ritson's Met. Rom. ii. 303. ABROOD. (1) Abroad. (A.-S.)
(3) Abroad. Yorksh. To bere bisshopes aboute
Thine armis shalt thou sprede abrede,
As man in warre were forwerede. A-brood in visitynge. Piers Ploughman, p. 38.
Romaunt of the Rose, 2563. (2)Alvearie,
Sitting,in applied
ABREGE. To shorten ; to abridge. v. The to
terma ishen.
still inSeeuse Baret's
in the
And for he wold his longe tale abrege,
He wolde non auctoritee allege.
provinces.
Like black cur scar*d, with tail betwixt his legs,
Chaucer, Cant. T. 9531. Seeing he sate abroad on addle eggs.
Largesse it is, whos privilege Clobery's Divine Glimpses, p. 105.
Ther may non avarice alregge. ABROOK. To bear; to endure. The same
meaning
Gower, MS. Sac. Antiq* 134, f. 205. as brook, with the a redundant. See
ABREKE. To break in. 2 Henry VI. ii. 4.
Aud jif we may owhar abreke,
Fie we hem with gret rdce. ABRUPT. Separated. See Middleton's Works,
Aithbur and Merlin, p. 292.
ii. 151. Abruption, a breaking off, is found in
Minsheu, and Troilus and Cressida, iii. 2.
ABRENOUNCE. To renounce utterly. Taylor. ABRYGGE. To abridge.
ABREPT. To take away by violence. My dayesj make y never so queynte,
• his nephew's life he questions, Schullen abi-ygge and sumwhat swage.
And questioning, abrepte. JUS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f.2l.
Billingsly'gBrachy-Maityrologia, 3657, p. 40, ABSINTHIUM. Wormwood. See an early me-
ABREYDE. (1) To upbraid. See Abrayde. Ex- dical receipt in MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 285.
probrare, Anglice to abreyde. — MS. Egerton ABSOLENT, Absolute.
829, f. 72. And afterward, syr, verament,
(2) Started. They called hym knyght absolent.
Tille at the laste he abreyde sodeynely. The Squyr of Lowe Degr&, 630.
Lydgate, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f.4. ABSOLETE. Obsolete. Minsheu.
ABRIC. Sulphur. Coles.
ABSOLUTE. (1) Highly accomplished; perfect.
ABRICOT. An apricot. See Harrison's De- See Pericles, iv. 4, and Malone's note, p. 134.
script, of Brit. p. 210 ; Baret's Alvearie, in v. (2) Absolved; freed. Chaucer.
Rider calls an apricot tree an abricot-apple.
ABRIDGEMENT. A dramatic performance; ABSOLVE. To finish. See a somewhat pecu-
probably from the prevalence of the historical liar use 1607,
Beasts, of thisp.word
89. in Topsell's Four-Footed
drama, in which the events of years were so ABSONANT. Untunable. Cocker am. Hence
abridged as to be brought within the compass
of a play. See A Mids. Night's Dream, v. 1. discordant, disagreeing. Glanville has abso-
It seems, however, to be used for the actors nous in the same sense. See Richardson,
themselves in Hamlet, ii. 2. in v.
ABRIGGE. To shield off. ABSTABLE. Able to resist.
Alle myscheffes from him to abrigge. He thanked God of his myracle,
To whose myght may be none abatable.
Lydgate'a Minor Poems, p. 5. Gower, ed. 1532, f. 36,
ABRIPTED. Ravished. CocJceram.
ABSTENEDEN. Abstained.
ABROACH. To "set abroach," to tap. It Siche myracHs pleying not onely pervertith oure
is sometimes used metaphorically in the state bileve but oure verrey hope in God, by the whiehe
of being diffused or advanced. Cf. Prompt. seyntis hopiden that the more thei ab&teneden hem
Parv. p. 52; Chaucer, Cant. T. 5759; Lydgate's fro siche pleyes, the more mede thei shuld then have
Minor Poems, p. 164 ; Colyne Blowboll, 3. of God. Retiq. Antiq, ii. 47.
Ryjt as who sette a tunne abroche, ABSTENT. Absent. Warw.
He percede the harde roche, ABSTER. To deter.
And spronge oute watir alle at wille. As the other fixed upon the door maketh me to
Gotver, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 137.
rejoice and to put my whole affiance in Christ, so
ABROAD. Broad. Minsheu. Spread abroad, this in like manner should ab*ter and fear me and
widely distended. See First Sketches of mine from doing evil. Becon'g Works, p. 63.
Henry VI. p. 97. ABSTINENT. Abstemious. Minsheu. Absti-
 ABU 12 ABY
nency, which is not given by Richardson, oc- ABUS. The river Huinber.
Foreby the river that whylome was hight
curs in Harrington's Nugas Ant. oi. 247. See The ancient abus* where with courage stout
the quotation under Almesfutte.
He them defeated in victorious fight.
ABSTRACT. A separation. See Anthony and
Faerie Queene, II. x. 16.
Cleopatra, iii. 6 j Donee's Illustrations, ii. 93. ABUSCHID. Ambushed; in ambush.
The verb is used in the sense of taking away That was abuschid ther Inside in a brent greve.
surreptitiously, and sometimes by the vulgar Wilham and the Werwolf, p. 131.
for extract. I was once asked by the porter ABUSE. To deceive; to impose upon. See
of an ancient college whether I \vas come Cymbeline, i. 5 ; Beaumont and Fletcher, i.
" agen to-day to abstract Some of the old 169. The noun occurs in Measure for Mea-
writings." sure, v. 1.
iBSTJRD, A scholastic term, employed when ABUSED. Vitiated; depraved.
false conclusions are illogically deduced from Such as have cure of soule,
the premises of the opponent. See the Broken That be so farre abused,
Heart, i. 3. They cannot be excused
ABTHANE. A steward. Minsheu. There is a By reason nor by law. STcelton's WorJcS) \. 155.
dispute about the exact meaning of the word, ABUSEFUL. Abusive. Herefordsh.
which is generally said to be the old title of ABUSHMENTLY. In ambush. Huloet.
the High Steward of Scotland. ABUSION. An abuse. (^-7V.) See the Faerie
ABU. Above. Devon.
Queene, II. xi. 1 1 ; Wright's Monastic Letters,
ABUCHYMENT. An ambush.
p. 141 ; Hawkins' Engl. Dram. i. 154 ; Troilus
Y-leiedejond on abuchyinent and Creseide, iv. 990; Palsgrave, f. 17 ; Hall,
Sarasyns wonder faJe,
In the wode that Bonder stent*
Henry VI. f. 62.
Moreovyr wys right a gret abushn,
Ten thousant al by tale. MS. A&hmole 33, f. JO. A. woman of a land to be a regent.
ABUDE. To bid; to offer. MS, Soc. Antiq. 101, f. 9H,
And in the fairest manere that he can, Marke vrelle thys conclusyon,
The message he gan abude. MS. Ashnwle S3, f. 24, Throughe suche abusyon. MS, Raivl. C. 238.
ABUE. To bow ; to obey. ABUSIOUS. Abusive.
Ne uuderstonde hou luther yt ys to do eny outrage. Even on the very forehead of thee, thou abuswus
Other werny out the noble stude, that al the world Villaine! therefore prepare thysclfe.
abueth to. -Rofi. Glouc*. p. 193. Taming of a S/irew, 1007,
ABUF. Above. ABUSSHEMENT. An ambush.
Methoght I showed man luf when I made hyra to be Full covertly to lay abusshement,
Allo angels abuf, like to the Trynyte. Under an hyll att a strayght passage.
Toumeley Mysteries, p. 22. MS. Retwl. 0. 48.
Dere lady, graunt me thi lufe, ABUST. To arrange^
For the lufe of Hym that sittis abufe, Wei, said he, y knowe ys wllle,
That stongene was with a spere. Fairer thou abmt thy tale ;
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 119.
He thane to luflfe JL,etAnd
another
stond ysthou
message
ther telle,
by thy fate. *
Alle thynge abufe, MS- Atihmolc 33 1 f. 24.
Thow aughe be fayne, MS. Laud. 330. ABUT. But. North.
ABUGGEN. To abie, q. v. See Wright's Lyric ABUTTAL. A boundary. See a quotation from
Poetry, p. 112 ; Walter Mapes, p. 341 ; Reliq.
Antiq. ii. 276 ; Kyng Horn, 1081. Coke, by Boucher, in v.
Ac let us and cure ofspryng ABUY. (1) To bow. >
dbugge oure mysdede. Tho he was kyng y-mad, ys hest he made anon,
MS. Coll. Trin. Qxon. V}, f. 11. That clanliche to Vortiger ys men atntydt; echon.
Rob. Ghat?. |». U«J.
Help me, God ! and this day
He sschal abttgge, jef ich may. MS. Douce 376, p. 36. (2) To abie, q. Y. See Cotgra\e, in v. JSncftere.
ABUIN. Above. North. ABUY3E, To abie, q. v.
Thi ryot thow schalt now abit;/^,
ABUNDAND. [Those who are] abounding in
riches. As othere that leeveth uppon urc lore.
Walter j&fapef, p. 345.
PU not the pore peple with your prechyng,
Bot begge at abundand and at ryche aray. ABVERT. To Jurn away. Cocfaram.
Audelay's Puems, p. 30. ABVOLATE. To fly away. Cockeram.
ABUNDATION. Abundance. Herefordsh. ABWENE. Above.
ABURNE. Auburn. See Plorio, in v. Alburno. Thane come of the oryente ewyne hyme agaynez
Auburn colour is translated by citriims in the A Wake bustous bere abwene in theclowdcs,
Morte Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f. 61
Prompt. Parv. which would make it an orange
tinge, rather than the brownish colour now so ABYCHE. To suffer for.
Ther start in Sander Sydebreche,
called. It is also spelt abourne, as in the
And swere, be his fader sowle, he schuld^ ttbyche.
Triall of Wits, 1604, p. 255. Another exam- Hunttyng of the Hare, 17ft
pie of alurne occurs in Well met, Gossip, 4to. ABYDDE. Abided.
Lond. 1619. Some hope that whan sheknowith th<a ca««,
Her blaclt, browne, aburne, or her yellow hayre, Y trust to God, that withyne short apase,
Naturally lovely, she dothscome to weare. She will me take agaync to grace ;
Vraytorfs Poems, p. 2<j& Than have y well a6^<ide. tletiq, Antiq. 1. 24
 ACC 13 ACC

ABIDE. To forbear. Cf. Urry, p. 113. ACCAHINTS. Accounts. Staffordsh.

Considering the best on every side ACCENSED. Kindled.
That fro his lust wer him better abyde, Although thei perceved their company to be ac-
Than do so hie a churlishe wretehidnesse. cessed and inflamed with fury and malice ynough,
Chaucer, MS. Cantab, yet to augment and encrease their madnes, thei cast
ABYME. An abyss. See Abime. oyle and pitche into a fyre. Hall, Henry VII. f, 41.
ABYN. Been. ACCEPCION. Reception; acceptation.
Lord, and thou haddyst byn here, werely Ther is nothing rijtliche bygunne undir God, bot
My brother had natt abyn ded, I know well thysse. the emperour jive therto favorable accepcion and un-
Digby Mysteries, -p. 104. dirfonging. Vegecius, MS. Douce 291 , f . 4.
ABYSM. An abyss. ShaJc. There is a second acception of the word frith, put
ABYT. Abideth; continueth. See Kyng either for the -whole system of that truth which God
hath been pleased to reveal to his Church in the
Alisaunder,
Cf. Abit. 3638; Urry's Chaucer, p. 542. Scriptures of the Old and New Testament, or some
ABYYD. (1) Stay. part thereof. Sanderson's Sermons, 1(589, p. 61,
Abt/t/d, syr emperour, yf thou wylt ! Octovian, 248. ACCEPTILATION. A verball acquittance, when
the debtour demandeth of the creditour, Doe
(2) Suffer. you acknowledge to have had and received this
Hast thou broke my comaundement,
Abyijd ful dere thou schalle. Riliq. Antiq. ii. 91. or that ? And the creditour answereth, Yea,
AC. But. (4.-S.) I doe acknowledge it. Minsheu.
ACADEME. An academy. Shaft. ACCERSE. To call together; to summon.
Come, brave spirits of the realme, (Lai.) See Hall's Union, 1548, Edward IV.
Unshaded of the academe. f. 26 ; Henry VII. f. 40.
Peacham's Thalia's Banquet, 1620. ACCESS. Augmentation.
ACAID. Vinegar. HowelL Brought thereunto more accesse of estimation and
ACALE. Cold, (4.-S.) reverence than all that ever was done before or
And eek he was so sore acaZe, since. Lambarde's Perambulation, 1596', p. 30 J.
That he wiste of himselfe no bote. ACCESSE. (1) A fit of any illness. See Florio,
Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 233.
For blood may suffre blood, in v. Accesso, According to Blount, " the ac-
cess of an ague is the approach or coming of
Bothe hungry and a-cale.
Piers Ploughman) p. 393. the fit ;" and " in Lancashire they call the
ACARNE. The sea-roach. Kersey. ague itself the access." See Axes.
A-CAS. By chance. Sir Tristrem. (2) A A fever.
water lilly, whiche dothe remedy
A-CAST. Cast away ; lost. In hote accesws, as bokes specify.
And weneth for te kevere, and ever buth a-cast. Bocha*. b. 1. c 15.
Weight's Pol. Songs, p. 149. For as the grayne of the garnet sleeth
My purpos is y-failed ; The stronge acces, and doth the hete avale.
Now is my comfort a-cast. Lydgate, MS- Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 13.
Piers Ploughman, p. 457
ACCESSIVELIE. Accessoriamente, accessivelie,
ACATER. A caterer; a purveyor. See Sad by his own seeking. Florio-
Shepherd, ii. 2 ; Rutland Papers, p. 78. ACCIDAVY. An affidavit. North.
He is my wardrobe man, my acatert cook,
Butler, and steward. Devil is an Ass, i. 2. ACCIDE. Sloth; indolence; more especially
AGATES. Victuals; provisions purchased. See applied to religious duties. (LaL)
Vayne dole, perplexite", and pryde,
Hoceleve's
Pitance. Poems, p. 40 ; Cotgrave, in v. Irkyng of gode and acdde.
MS. Coll Sion. xvlli. 6.
I, and all choice that plenty can send in ; Swych synne men kalle nccyde,
Bread, wine, acates, fowl, feather, fish, or fin.
Sad Shepherd, \. 3.
" Yn Goddys servyse sloghe betytle.
MS. Hart. 1701, f. 29.
ACATRY. The room or place allotted to the Accide ys slowthe in Godes servise,
keeping of all such provisions as the purveyors In which y fynde many a vice.
purchased for the king. MS. Bodl. 48, f. 135.
ACATS. Agates. ACCIDENT. A symptom of illness. Rider. The
Of acute and of amadstes and adamants fyne. situation of a too confiding girl, when her
MS.Ashmole 44, f. 91. swain has proved faithless, is sometimes thus
ACAUSE/ Because. Suffolk. The following Suf- politely designated:
folk lines are from Major Moor's MS. " When lovely woman stoops to folly,
Yow muss'-nt sing a' Sunday, And finds too late that men betray.**
Acause it is a sin ; ACCIDIE. Indolence; sloth.
But yeou mah sing a' Monday, He hadde an accidie.
Till Sunday come aginn. That he sleep Saterday and Sonday.
Pier* Ploughman, p. 9&.
ACAWMIN. Coming. Somerset. - ACCIPITRARY. A falconer. Nash.
ACAZDIR. Tin. HowelL
ACAZE. Against. ACCITE. To call ; to summon. Shak.
The barons it bispeke, that it nas nojt wel i-do ACCLOY. To cram ; to clog ; to overload ; to
Acaze the pourveanee, vor hiinolde Frenssman non. cloy. Hardyng uses this word very frequently.
Rob.- Glow, p. 535, See his Chronicle, ff. 47, 59, 82, 94, 137, 140,
198.
ACCABLE. To press down. Juntos.
 ACC 14 ACC
And who so it doth, full foule himself acdoyeth, ACCORDANT. Agreeing.
For office uncommitted ofte annoyeth. Whiche saying is not ctccordaunte with other
Chaucer, MS. Cantab. writers. Fabian, 1559, i. 18.
ACCLOYD. A wound given to a horse in shoe- ACCORDEDEN. Agreed,
Whan my fellows and I weren in that vale, wee
ing, by driving a nail into the quick. See weren in gret thought whether that wee dursteti
TopselTs Four-Footed Beasts, 1607, p. 414. putten ourebodyesin aventute, to gon in or non, m
To accloy originally meant to drive a nail in the proteccioun of God. And sornme of cure fellowes
shoeing a horse. See Prompt. Parv. p. 6 ; accordeden to enter, and sommenoght.
Cotgrave, in v. Enclouer. Maundevile's Travels, p. 282.
ACCOAST. To sail coastwise ; to approach the ACCORDING. Granting.
coast. Spenser. To shew it to this knight, acwding- his desire.
Faerie Queenr, I. x. 50.
ACCOIL. ' To hustle.
About the caudron many cookes accoi/ld, ACCORT. Heedy ; wary ; prudent. Minsheu.
With hookes and ladles, as need did requyre. ACCOST. Explained by Cockeram " to appro-
FaeHe Queene, II. ix. 30. priate." Itoccurs in a curious manner in
ACCOL. To emhrace round the neck. See Twelfth Night, i. 3. Kennett, MS. Lansd.
Surrey's Virgil, quoted by Richardson, in v. 1033, explains it "to trie, to attempt;"
ACCOLADE. The ceremony of embracing, for- Minsheu, to " draw neare unto one ;" and the
merly customary at the creation of knights. author of the New English Dictionary, 1691,
Skinner. says, "wrestlers do accost one another, by
ACCOLDED. Cold,
When this knyght that was accolded, — and hit was
ACCOUNSAYL.
joining side to side." To counsel with.
gretefroste, — and he saw the fyre, he descendideof
And called him without fail,
his horse, and yede to the fyre, and warmide him. And said he wold him accounsairL
Richard Cotr de Lion, 2140.
Gesta Romanorum, p. 83.
And the thirdesorte haith their ffees to be accottn-
ACCOMBEROUS. Cumbersome; troublesome.
seitt with thehowse, and yet the greatest nomber of
A litil tyme his yeft is agreable,
theym hath no lernynge.
But 'ful accomberous is the usinge.- Wright's Monastic "Letters, p. 289.
Complaint of Venus, 42.
ACCOMBRE. To embarrass ; to bring into ACCOUNT. To count; to reckon. Spenser.
trouble ; to overcome ; to destroy. See To account of,
out of Purgatory, p, 59. to esteem, as in Tarlton's News
Hardyng's Chronicle, f. 56, 94 ; Piers Plough- ACCOUNTANT. Accountable ; responsible for.
man, gloss. See Acombre. ShaJc.
Nay, knave, yf ye try me by nomber,
I wyll as knavishly you acminber. ACCOUPLE. To join ; to couple. Sec Hall and
Playe called the Four6 PP. Bacon, quoted by Richardson, in v.
ACCOMMODATE. A very fashionable word in ACCOURTING. Courting. Spenser,
ACCOWARD. To make one a coward.
Shakespeare's time, ridiculed both by him I thought that al the wordes in the world shulde
and Ben Jonson, the latter calling it one of nat have accowardad the. Pa/^rare, f. 137,
" the perfumed terras of the time." The in- ACCOY. To alarm ; to daunt; to render diffi-
"definite
vain attemptuse oftoit defineis well itridiculed by Bardolph's
in 2 Henry IV. iii. 2. dent, shy, or coy ; and sometimes to soothe, to
Justice Shallow has informed us just previously pacify, or make quiet. Spenser frequently
that it was derived from the Italian accommodo. uses the word. Seedcoie. Cf. Peele's Works
iii. 152.
ACCOMPLICE. A partner, associate, or com- Forsaken wight, she verWe believde
panion. This word was not formerly applied Some other lasse Ulysses had acot/de.
exclusively in a bad sense. See 1 Hen. VI. v. 2. Turbevite's Odd, 3567, arg.
ACCOMPLISH. To equip, to dress out, to adorn ACCOYNTED. Acquainted. (/>.)
either in body or mind. See Hen. V. iv. ch. The people, having so graciouse n prince and
souverayne lorde as the klnges highnes Is,with whom,
ACCOMPTE. To tell; to recount. hy the continuance of his regue over them thiesSS
Syr, to accompte you the contynewe of my consayte, yeres, they ought to be so well acwynted.
Is from adversyte Magnyfycence to unbynde. Stats Papers, 1. 475.
Skelton's Work*, \. 305.
ACCRASE. To crush j to destroy.
ACCONFERMENT. A confirmation. Mob. Glouc. Fynding my youth myspent, my substance ym-
ACCORAGE. To encourage. payred, my credyth accrased, my talent hydden, my
But that same froward twaine would accorage, folljes laughed att, my rewyne unpyttcd, and my
And of her plenty adde unto their need. trewth unemployed. Queen's fi-ogrtoscs, i. 21.
Faerie Queene, II. ii. 38.
ACCREASE. To increase; to augment. See
ACCORATH-EARTH. A field j green arable Florio, in v. dccrescere.
earth. North.
ACCREW. To increase j to accrue. Spenser uses
ACCORD. Action in speaking, corresponding this word, but without to or from, which
with the words. See Titus Andronicus, v. 2. accrue now requires.
ACCORD ABLE. Easy to be agreed. Minsheu, ACCRIPE. A herb?
ACCORDAND. Agreeing. Some be browne, and some b« whit,
For the resoun of his saule was ay accordand with And some be tender as accripe.
the Godhed for to dye. MS. Con. Eton. 1 0, f. 30.
 ACH 15 ACH
ACCROCHE. To increase; to gather; to en- A-CHARNE. To set on. (A.-N.}
croach. See Palsgrave, f. 137. That other resoun is whanne thei a-charneth in a
And fyre, whan it to tow approcheth, contrd of werre there as batayles have y-be, there
Tho him anon the strengthe accrocheth. thei eteth of dede men, or of men that be honged.
MS. Bodl. 54(J.
Cower, MS. Soc. dntiq. i34, f. 102.
He never accroched treasour nere nor ferre
ACHAT. A contract; a bargain. See Urry's
Towarde hymselfe. Bochas, b. v. c. 16, • Chaucer, p. 362.
ACCRUMENT. Increase ; addition. Taylor. Cursed be he, quod the kyng, that the achat made.
ACCTECLOTHE. In an old inventory, dated MS. Cott. Vespas. E. xvi. f. 83.
1586, in Reliq. Antiq. i. 254, mention is made ACHATES. An agate. Minsheu.
of " accteclothe of j. yerd." ACHATOUR. The person who had the charge
ACCUB. The footmark of any animal. CocJceram. of the acatry ; the purveyor, i
ACCUITY. Top; summit. A gcntil manciple was ther of a temple,
The cause whie, as telleth autors old, Of which achatows mighten take ensemple.
Chaucer, Cant. T. 570.
Is that theire accuiti/ is duld with cold.
AsJimolefs Theat. Chem. Brit.ip. 77. ACHAUFE. To warm ; to make hot. (A.-N.}
ACCURSE. To curse. Skinner. Whanne the hert hath be xv. dayes at the rutte
ACCUSE. To discover. skarslyche, the bukke bygynneth to achaufe hymself
and bolne. MS. Bodl. 546.
The entrees of the yerde accuseth That swollen sorow for to put away,
To him that in the watir tnuseth.
With softe salve achaufe it and defie.
Rom. of the Rose, 1591. BoeUus, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 2£)f>.
ACCUSTOM. A custom. SMnner. And be-sete in that settel semlyeh ryche,
ACCUSTOMED-TO. Acquainted with. Dorset. And achaufed hym chefly, and thenne his cher mended.
ACELED. Sealed. Syr Gawayne, p. 34.
The legat, tho it was aceled, wende vorth over se. ACHAUNGED. Changed; altered.
Rob. Glouc. p. 517. Whan the emperice that understod,
ACENTE. Assent. See Rob. Glouc. p. 96; Al achaunged was hire blod.
Prompt. Parv. p. 15. The latter work gives The Sevyn Sages, 4C6.
the verb acentyn, p. 5. ACHAYERE. Gere; array.
ACENTENDEN. Assented. Scho was frely and £- yre,
The douzze peres acentenden ther-to, Wele semyd hir achayere.
To bide til winter were i-do. Sir Degrevante, MS. Lincoln.
MS. Douce 376, p. 27. ACHE. (1) An ash tree. This seems to be the
ACERBATE. To make sour; to sharpen. meaning of it in the Plumpton Correspond-
Tis this, said he, that acerbates my woe.
ence, p.188.
. Billingsly's Brachy-Martyrologia, 1657, p. 53.
^CEROTE. Brown bread. Minsheu. But thus Godis low and he wil welde,
(2) Age.
ACERTAINED. Confirmed in opinion. Even of blod, of good, of ache.
For now I am acertained throughly MS. Douce 302, f. 30.
Of every thing I desired to know. ACHEKID. Choked.
Todd's Gouter and Chaucer, p. 225, And right anon whan that Theseus sethe
ACESCENT. Sour. Arluthnot, The best achekid, he shal on him, lepe
To sleen him, or they comin more to hepe.
ACE SE. To cease ; to satisfy. See Reliq. Antiq. Leg. of Ariadne, 123.
ii. 126.
Al wo and werres he schal acese, ACHE LOR. Ashler, or hewn stone used for the
And set al reams in rest and pese. facings of walls. A contract for building
MS. Douce 302, f. 29. Burnley church, co. York, temp. Henry VIII.
And litel thinge jowre nede may acesen, specifiesDiet,
" a in
course of achelors." See Britten's
So that nature may have hire sustenaunce. Arch. v. Ashlar.
Boetiu$, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 295. ACHER. An usher. In Archaeologia, xxvi, 278,
ACETHE. This form of aseth, q. v., occurs in mention is made of Loys Stacy, " acher to the
Prompt. Parv. pp. 5, 182. The quotation given
by Mr. Way from Piers Ploughman is scarcely ACHES,of Burgoine."
Duke Convulsions are called " pricking
applicable. See Asseth. aches" by Rider. It was sometimes used as
ACH. SmaUage; water-parsley. The word oc- a dissyllable. See Hudibras, III. ii. 407.
curs in an old list of plants in MS. Harl. 978, ACHESOUN. Reason; cause. Hearne, gloss,
f. 24, explained by the Latin opium. See to P. Langtoffc, explains it occasion.
also Prompt. Parv. pp. 6, 246 ; Reliq. Antiq. And all he it dede for traisoun,
King to be was his achesoun.
Arthour and Merlin, p. 6.
i. 51, 53 ; Wright's Lyric Poetry, p. 26 ; MS.
Med. Lincoln, f. 280.
A-CHETYN. To escheat. Prompt. Parv.
ACHAHI. Alum-water. A chemical term. Howett. ACHEVE. To accomplish. Urry reads achived.
ACHAMECK. The dross of silver. Howell. And through falshed ther lust acheved,
A-CHARMED. Delighted. Wherof I repent, and am greved.
Rom. of the Rose, 2049.
Ther ben somrae that eten chyldren and men, and
eteth noon other flesh fro that tyme that thei be A-CHOKED. Choked.
a-charmed with matinys flesh, for rather thei wolde For he was a~choked anon,
be deed ; and thei be cleped werewolfes, for men And toward the dethe he drou$h.
•faulde be war of hem. . MS. Bodl. 546. MS. Laud, 108, f. 195.
 -ACK 1(3 AGO
ACHON. Each one. Trent, to a kind of eddying twirl when the
The lady tok her maydenys achon, river is flooded, which is often extremely dan-
And wente the way that sche hadde er gon.
Launfal* 1013, gerous to the bargemen,
ACHORN. An acorn. Cfiesfi. (2) Fine mould. North.
ACHRAS. A wild choak-pear. (3) An acre ; a field. Yorksh.
ACKERSPRIT. Said of potatoes, when the
ACHWYN. To shun ; to avoid. Prompt. Parv.
We have also, " achuynge, or beynge ware, roots have germinated before the time of ga-
thering them. Ches7i. See Acr aspire. It is
precavens,
ACISE. mtans."In Archseologia, xvii. 291, it
Assizes, also used among masons and stone-getters, in
reference to stone which is of a flinty or me-
is used in the sense of assize.
Ther he sette his owne acise, tallic quality, and difficult to work.
And made bailifs, and justices ACKERY. Abounding with fine mould, applied
Kyng Alisaunder, 1423.
to a field. North,
ACK. To mind ; to regard, North, ACKETOUN. A quilted leathern jacket, worn
under the mail armour; sometimes used for
ACKE. But. (A.-S.)
Acks that ne tel thou no man the armour itself. (A.-N.)
For the sothe thou hast i-founde. Hys fomen were well boim
MS. Laud. 108, f. 1. To porce hys acketowi. Lybeans Discontts, 1175.
ACKELE. To cool. ACKNOWN. Acknowledged. North. See Ha-
But verray love is vertue as I fele, rington's Ariosto, 1591, p. 418; Lambard's
For -verray love may freile desire ackele. Per. of Kent, 1596, p. 461 ; Supp. to Har-
Courts of Love, 1076-
dyng's Chronicle,
ACKSEN. Ashes, f.Wilt*.
75, This form of the
ACKER. (1) A ripple on the surface of the wa-
ter. So explained in the Craven dialect, but word
1033. occurs in Ivennett's Glossary, MS. Lansd.
Huloet, in his Abcedarium, 1552, has " aker
of the sea, whiche preventeth the flowde or ACKWARDS. When a beast lies backwards, and
ffowynge, impetus maris" a more precise defi- cannot rise. See the glossary prefixed to the
nition, preventeth being of course used in the Praise of Yorkshire Ale, 1697, p. 80.
sense of preceded. In the Prompt Parv. p. 8, ACLIT. Adhered together. Devon,
alcyr occurs with the same Latin that Huloet ACLITE, Awry. North.
gives. See Eager, and Higre, ramifications ACLOYE. To cloy; to overload; to overrun.
of the same term, which appear to he applied See Accloy ; Wright's Political Songs, p. 335;
to commotions of more violence that the ge- Ashmole's Theat. Chem. Brit. p. 201.
nerality of Huloet's explanations necessarily And told hym all the cas unto the end,
implies. Mr. Way has a good note on this How her eontrey was grevousJy arlnyed
word in the Prompt. Parv. p. 8, and makes Wyth a dragon venoms and MS> oribleLaud.
of kciul.
416, f. 55.
the following extract from MS. Cott. Titus A.
• xxiii. f. 49 : A-CLUMSID. Benumbed with cold. Wic&liffe.
Wei know they the reume yfit a-ryse, ACME. Mature age.
An aker is it elept, I understonde, [vrytstonde. He must be one that can instruct your youth,
Whos rnyght there may no shippe or wynd And keep your acmeSenin Jonsmfa
the state Stnp.
of truth.
This reume in thoccian of propre kyude, o/Mwa, prol.
Wytoute wynde hathe his coramotioun ; ACOATHED. Rotten or diseased in the Hvcr,
The maryneer therof may not be blynde, as sheep. Dorset.
But when and where la every reglcmn A-COCK-HORSE. Triumphant. See ElhYs Li-
It regnelhe, he moste have- inspectioun ; terary Letters, p. 265. A somewhat slang ex-
For in viage it may bothe haste and tary,
And unavised thereof, al myscary. pression, not quite obsolete.
ACOIE. To make quiet.
This extract scarcely bears out Mr. Way's Sith that ye reft him thaquaintaunce
opinion as to the extended meaning of the Of Bialacoil, his most joie,
word aJcer. The third line probably refers to Whiche all his painis might acole.
the reume, or tide, and merely means to ex- Rom. of the Rose, 3554.
press the great and then necessary impor- ACOILD. Congealed. (A.-N.)
tance of the tide to navigation, not any Al to michel thou art afoild ;
particular commotion or current implied in Now thi blod it is acoild. Gy of Warwilte, p 20
aker. Jamieson has sitter, " the motion, break, ACOILE. See Level-coil, a game which is men-
or movement made by a fish in the water, tioned byBrorae, under the title QtkvettAcQite.
when swimming fast," which is similar to the See Beaumont and Fletcher, iv. 215, note.
meaning of the word in Craven, Lily men- ACOLB. (1) Cold. Dr. Forraan, in Ins Auto-
tions the agar, but this seems to be the higre, biography, MS. Ashmole 208, informs us that
not in the sense of a tide, but a sea-monster. when his master " was acold, he wold goe
See Nares, in v. Agar. But, after all, it may and carry his faggots up into a lofte till he was
mean the double tide, called by Dryden the
eagre. The word acker is also used as a verb Thus lay this povere in gret distresse,
in the north, to curl, as the water does with dcolde and hungrid at the gate.
wind. See Carlyle's Hero Worship, p. 30, who hate." Goioer, MS, Stoc. A*ttq. 134, f.^183.
*aya the word is still applied, on the river (2) In ihe following quotation, which is put into
 17
ACQ
AGO
ACORYE. Same as Acore, q. v.
Joseph's mouth after he had made the disco- Bu a peyre of a marc, other thou ssalt be acor^e
very of the Virgin Mary's presumed guilt, Mr. sore. Rob. Glouc. p.39()
Sharp explains acold^ called ; but the ordinary Art thou, heseide, onofthulke?
interpretation, as given above, wijl suit the con- Thou it schalt acorie sore ! MS. Laud. 108, f, 122
text, implying that his powers were impaired.
Husebond, in feythe, and that acald. ACOST. On the side. (A.-N.}
No schal [scape] non of this ost :
Sharp's Cov. My st. p. 87- Siweth me thus al acost. KyngAHsaunder, 2144.
ACOLDYNG. Getting cold. Forth thai passeth this loud acost
The syknesse of the world thou schalt kncwe by To Clarence with alle her ost.
charyte acoldyng, and elde of hys feblenesse. Arthnur and Merlin, p. 231,
Wimbleton's Sermon, 1388, MS. Hatton 57, p. 24. ACOUNTRE. An encounter.
ACOLED. Cooled. This is the reading of the With hard acountres hym agayne.
MS. Harl. 2252, f. 106.
Herald's College MS. of Robert of Gloucester,
the other being a&etde. See Hearne's edition, The acountre of hem was so strong,
p. 442. That mani dyed ther among.
ACOLEN. To embrace. (A.-N.) Gy of WanviTcs, p. 201.
Then acoles he the knyjt, and kysses hym thryes, ACOUPE. To blame ; to accuse ; to inculpate.
As saverly and sadly as he hem sette couthe. (^.-JV.) See Piers Ploughman, p. 272 ; Rob.
Syr Gawayne, p. 71- Glouc. p. 544.
ACOMBRE. To encumber; to trouble. (A.-N.)
Alle
Of alysshalt
prydethou
and acouped
vanyte1, be.
Cf. Arthour and Merlin, p. 26 ; Depos. of Rich.
MS. Harl 1701, f. 23.
II. pp. 29, 30 ; Skelton's Works, i. 298 ; Kyng
ACOUPEMENT. An accusation. (A.-N.)
Ah'saunder, 8025 ; Prompt. Parv. p. 6 ; Chau- Withouten answere to acoupement.
cer, Cant. T. 510; Piers Ploughman, p. 31. Hartshorn^s Met. Tales, p. 10£).
Acombred was he for to here
Aske of so mony lettres sere. ACOUPYNGL An onset.
Cursor Mundi,MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 76. At the acairpyng the knijtes [speres] either brak on
A-COMELYD. Enervated with cold. Prompt. Swiftli with here swerdes swinge thei togeder. [other,
William and the Werwolf, p. 124.
Parv. We have also the fQrm.a-clommyde, which ACOVERD. Recovered.
would connect it perhaps with the provincial Belisent, withouten lesing,
term clamm'd. Acovwd and undede her eyin.
ACON. Aix la Chapelle, Arthour and Merlin, p. 315.
At Aeon it was brought to pas,
As by myne auctor tried it was. ACOW. Crooked; obliquely; awry. North.
Skeltorts Workst ii. 48. A-COYNTEDE. Made his acquaintance.
ACONICK. Poisonous. Rider. Heo a-coyntede hym anon, and bicomen frendes gode,
Bothe for here prowes, and for hco were of on blode.
ACOP. Conical ; ending in a point Rob. Glouc. p. 15.
Marry she's not in fashion yet; she wears a hood, ACOYSYNG. Accusing.
but it stands acop. Alchemist, ii. 6. He is forth brought, and the kyng
ACOPUS. Either a herb or stone, introduced Geveth him acoysyng. Kyng Alisaundet-j 3973.
by Middleton, in the Witch, as an ingredient ACQUEYNT. Quenched.
for a charm. See his Works, iii. 327. The more that my herte drynketh
ACORDAUNT. Agreeing. (A.-N.) The more I may, so that me thynketh
Suche thynge whereof a man may lere, My thurst shall never be acqueynt*
That to vertu is acordaunt. Cower, ed. 1532, f. 129.
Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 41. ACQUILL. A term in hunting. See Reliq.
ACORDEND. Agreeing. (A.-N.) Antiq. 1 151. It was applied to the buck and
Nowe myght thou here next sewend
Whichc to this vyee is acordend.
doe, the male and the female fox, and all ver-
GoKW, ed. 1532, f, 36. min, and corresponds to the Trench term
enquitter or aquiller, a form of accuellir, for
ACORE. To sorrow ; to grieve. (A.-N. .?)
Ich am a man ; ich schal go fifore : which see Roquefort, in v. It is nearly syno-
Thou ne aujtest nowjt mi dej acore. nymous with the more modern word imprime>
Hartshorne's Met. Tales, p. 112. which was afterwards applied to unharbour-
At Gloucestre he deide, ac eir nadde he non ; ing the hart. See Sir H. Dryden's Twici,
That acorede al this lond, and ys men echon.
Rob. Glouc. p, 75.
ACQUIST. An acquisition. Milton. Skinner
p. 26.
ACORSE. To curse. (A.~S.) has it as a verb, explained by acyuirere,
Callede hem caytyves ACQUIT. Acquitted. Spenser
Acorsed for evere. Piers Ploughman, p. 375. ACQUITE. To requite.
Acoraed beo that me bar»
O, how ill dost thou acquite the love I beare thee,
And the tyme that ich was i-bore. and that which, for thy sake, 1 do nowe forsake !
MS. Laud. 108, f. 107-
The Shepherdess Felismena, ap.Collier's Shaft. Lib. p.28.
A-CORSY. To bury. ACQUITTANCE. (1) Acquaintance. Skinner.
Devs laudem it is y-clepud ;
This salme the quene radde (2) A receipt. North.
For to a-cor&y here brother body, (3) Requital. See Othello, iv. 2. It is also used
And alle that him ladde. by Shakespeare in the sense of " to procure ai>
MS.CvtI. Ti'in,Qxon,$l. acquittance, to acquit." See Richard III, iii. 7.
2
 18 ACU
ACS
ACQUYSE. To acquire. ACT. To behave ; to conduct. Essex.
Late to go to rest, and erly for to ryse, ACTION. Shakespeare has a classical allusion
Hera our and goodes dayly to acqvyse. in the Merry Wives of Windsor, ii. 1, applying
Muitland's Lambeth Books, p. 281, this name Jo a cuckold. The commentators
ACRASED. Crazed. Grafton, have not noticed that Blount remarks it is so
ACRE. (1) A field. The word at first signified
not a determined quantity of land, but any used " in a waggish sense."
ACTE. The sea-shore ; also, the elder tree,
open ground, especially a wide campagne ; and Phillips.
that sense of it seems preserved in the names ACTILLY. Actually. Tim BolMn.
of places, as Castle-acre, West-acre, in co. ACTIOUS. . Active.
Norf. See Alter; Kenfcett's Glossary, p. 4; He knows you to be eager men, martial men, men
MS. Laiisd. 1033; Gloss, to P. Langt. p. of good stomacks, very hot shots, very actions for
518-21. valour, such as scorn to shrink for a wetting.
Webster's Works, ii. 2£>G.
Pople with alle the r&zhesse, and aJcre*, als thei
wounen ACTON. A leather jacket sometimes worn
Thorgh ther douhtinesse, the lend thorgh thei under a coat of mail ; a kind of tunic. See
roiinen. Peter Langtoft, p. 115, Acketoun.
(2) An old sort of duel fought by single com- His acton it was all of blacke,
His hewberke and Mb sheelde. Sir Cauline.
batants, English and Scotch, between the fron-
tiers of their kingdom, with sword and lance. To Jerusalem he did hym Icde,
Cowett. His actone and his Torrent
other wede.
of Portugal, p. 96,
ACRE-DALE. Lands in a common field, in which
ACTOURES. Governors ; keepers. (Lat.Med.)
different proprietors hold portions of greater
or lesser quantities. North. See glossary to Baber's ed. of Wickliffe, in v.
ACRE ME. Ten acres of land. A law term. ACTRESSES. In explanation of numerous pas-
ACRE-MEN. Husbandmen. (Dut.} sages in our old plays, it may be well to ob-
The foules up, and song on bough, serve that actresses were not generally intro-
duced into English theatres till after the
And awe-men yede to the plough. Lay le Fre'me, 176.
ACRES. The town so called ? Restoration. In Shakespeare's time the female
Armede hym in a actone, with orfraeez fulle ryche, characters were personated by boys. There is a
Aboven one that a jeryne of Ames owte over. curious letter on this subject in MS. Tanner 77.
Morte Arthur e, MS. Lincoln, f. 63. It would appear from the following anecdote,
ACRE-SHOT. A kind of local land-tax, or charge. written in a copy of the Memoirs of the Count
The said in-dikes should be carefully maintained de Grammont, that this practice was continued
and repaired by those dyke-reeves, out of the com- to a later period :
mon acre-shot, assessed within every of the said It is said the fleet which went for the queen
towns. Tjugdale's lmbariking> p. 275. [of Charles II/J stayed six weeks at Lisbon, without
ACRESTAFF. The plough-staff. Huloet. Howell any reason given. Some suppose a change in the
translates it le curoir du coutre. See also queen's person was the cause; to which William
Davenant alluded when the king, one wight at the
Cotgrave, in v. Curette.
ACROKE. Crooked. play, was impatient to have theplay begin, — "Sire,"
Who so byldeth after every man his howse, hit said Davenant, " they are shaving tha Queen i"
schalle stonde acroke. MS. Douce 52, ACTUATE. To put into action ; to produce. See
ACROOK'D. Crooked; awry. Yorksh. the Roman Action.
Actor, iv. 2 ; Florio, in v. Att'udre,
ACROSPIRE. When unhoused grain, exposed ACTURE. Love made them not; with ncture they may bo,
to wet weather, sprouts at both ends, it is said Where neither party is nor true nor kind
to acrospire. According to Kersey, the acro- A Look's Complaint t p. 240.
spyre of corn ia " that part which shoots out ACUATE. Sharpened. (Lat.)
towards the smaller end of the seed." (6V.) Gryndyng with vynegar tyll I was fatygate,
Other will have*the sprit drowned, and most of And also with a quantyte of spyces acuate.
those which come without extraordinary pains, will Aahmole's Tfieat. Chem. Brit* p. 101.
send forth their substance in an acrospire.
ACUMBRE. To encumber; to worry. (A.-N.}
Aubrey' $ Wilts, Royal Sac. MS. p. 304. And but thou sone amende the,
ACROSS. (1) A kind of exclamation when a Tharfor mayst thou acumbred be.
sally of wit miscarried, Au allusion to joust- MS. Sari. 1701, f. 36.
Gii of Warwike mi name Is ;
ing. See All's "Well that Ends Well, ii. 1. Ivel ich am acitmbred y-wis.
(2) OnWhen
cross.other lovers In arms across* 6y of Warwike, p. 217-
Rejoice their chief delight. ACUNTRED. Encountered. (A.-N.)
Surrey's Complaint of Absence. So kenli thei acuntred at the coupyng to-gadere,
ACROSTIC. Crossed on the breast. That the knijt spere in speldes al to-schivered.
Agreed: but what melancholy sir, with acrostic William and the Werwolf* p. J3Q.
arms, now comes from the Family ? ACURE. A chemical term, applied to a drug
Middleton's Works, ii. 179. when its power is increased by the addition of
ACROTCH. To take up ; to seize. Huloet. some other. Kersey.
ACSEDE. Asked. (A.-S.) ACURSEN. To curse (A.-S.)
The kyDg Alesandre acsecte Which is lif that cure Lord
Jlwan «all that be. Reliq. Antiq. i. 30. In alle lawes acurseth. Pfcr* Ploughman, p. 375.
 19

ADA
ADA
ACYCE. Assize. Ritson. ADARNECH. Colour like gold. HowelL
A-CYDENANDYS. Aside; obliquely. Prompt. ADARNED. Ashamed. Coles.
Parv. The King's College MS. reads acydnande, AD ARRIS. The flower of sea-water. Howetl.
and Pynson's edition acydenam. ADASE. To dazzle.
A-CYNEN. To assign. Prompt. Parv. My clere and shynynge eyen were all adaaed and
ACYSE. Manner; custom. derked. Carton's Divers Fruytful Ghostly Maters.
An halyday fyl, as ys the ueyset Theglittringthorof wold have made every man's
Hen to go to Goddys servyse. eyes so adased, that no man should have spied his
MS. Sari. 1701, f. 81. falshed, and fotinden out the trouth.
And of these berdede bukkes also, Sir T. More's Workes, p. 459.
Wyth hemself thy moche mysdo, AD AS SID. Dazzled; put out of countenance.
That leve Crysten mennys acyse, Beth not adassid for your innocence,
And haunte al the newe gyse. But sharpely take on you the governaile.
MS. Bodl. 415, f. 21. Chaucer, ed. Urry, p. 106.
AD. Hath. ADAUDS. In pieces. Yorfoh. To rive all
Lo, hou he ad me to-rent,
Mi bodi and mi face i-schent. adauds, i.e. to tear all in pieces. See Kennett's
The Sevyn Sages, 489. MS, Glossary, the glossary at the end of The
ADACTED. Driven in by force. Minsheu. Praise of Yorkshire Ale, 12mo, York, 1697,
ADAFFED. Daunted. Junius refers to this word p. 89, and the Yorkshire Dialogue, p. 41.
in Chaucer. Urry reads adassid, q. v. ADAUNT. (1) To tame. (A.-N.) See Rob.
ADAM. (1) The following is one of the most Glouc. pp. 61, 372 ; MS. Cott Nero A. x. f. 41.
common early English proverbs, and John Ball His flesshe wolde have charged him with fatnesse,
but that the wantonesse of his wombe with travaile
took it as a text for one of his revolutionary and fastyng he adawnteth, and in ridyng and goyng
sermons. See Wright's Songs and Carols, songi. travayleth myghteliche his youthe.
When Adam delv'd and Eve span, Rob. Ckuc. p. 482.
Who was then the gentleman ?
(2) To daunt. Daniel
(2) A serjeant, or "bailiff, was jocularly so called. ADAUNTRELEY. Same as avauntlay, q. v.
See the Comedy of Errors, iv. 3, " Not that At last he upstarted at the other side of the water,
Adam that kept the paradise, but that Adam which we call soil of the hart, and there other hunts-
men met him with an adauntreky.
that keeps the prison."
ADAM-AND-EVE. The bulbs of orchis macu- Hawkins1 Engl. Drzm. iii. 230,
lata, which have a fancied resemblance to the AD AW. To be daunted. Spenser.
human figure. Craven. AD AWE. (1) To awake. Palsgrave has, "I
ADAMANT. The magnet ; the loadstone. Early adawe or adawne, as the daye dothe in the
writers frequently use it in this sense, and oc- mornynge whan the sonne draweth towardes
casionally the Latin adamas is so interpreted, his rysyng;" and, "I adawe one out of a
but not in Prompt. Parv. p. 6, where the syno- swounde." Cf. Troilus and Creseide, iii. 1126.
But, sire, a man that waketh of his slepe,
nyme is, " precyowse stone," meaning of course He may not sodenly wel taken kepe
the diamond. Cf. Mids. Night's Dream, it 2. Upon a thing, ne seen it parfitly,
ADAMATE. To love dearly. Minsheu. Til that hek be adawed veraily.
ADAM-BELL. A northern outlaw, so celebrated Chaucer, Cant. T. 10274.
for archery that his name became proverbial For this is Spica with hire bry3t spere,
Percy has a ballad concerning him* That toward "evene, at mydnyjt and at morwe,
With Ioyne3 in canvass bow-case tyde, Downe J'ro hevene adaweth al oure sorowe.
Where arrowes stick with mickle pride : Lydgate, MS. Hatton 73.
Like ghosts of Adam Sell and Clymme, (2) Down. The MS. Bodl. 415, f. 26, reads
Sol sets for fear they'l shoot at him. " do adawe," in the following passage. Cf.
D'Avenant's Works, ed. 1673, p. 291. Cov. Myst. p. 294.
ADAMITE S. A sect of enthusiasts who are said Eutycyus the abbot, hys felawe,
to have imitated the nakedness of Adam in Herd sey hys bere was so adawe.
MS. Hart. 1701, f. 27.
their public assemblies. They are alluded to
in the Merry Beggars, ii. 1. (3) To kill
Some; to execute.
wolde have hym adawe*
ADAM'S-ALE. Water. Var. dial Jamieson And some sayde it was not lawe.
gives Adam's-wine, a similar phrase current in
Scotland.
Richard Coer de Lion, 973.
AD AY. In the daytime.
ADAM'S-APPLE. A kind of citron. Gerard. For what thing Willam wan aday with hia bowe»
The name.
this nob in a man's throat is also called by Were it fethered foul, or foure-foted best.
William and the Werwolf, p. &
AD AYS. A shorter form of the common phrase
ADAM'S-FLANNEL. "Whitesaysmullein.
have obtained this name, Ii may
Carr, from the " now-a-days." East Anglia, In the follow-
soft white hairs, with which the leaves are ing passage it probably means the same as
thickly clothed on both sides. Craven. aday,What
q. v.useth the eorl adayes 9
AD ANT. Daunt; quench; mitigate.
Ageyns heom thy wraththe <adantt Hontes he ar revayeg ?
Gef heom mercy and pes heom graunt. MS. Cattfab. Ff. 1. 6, f. 85.
lisaunder, 2853,
ADAZ. An addice. Kennett's MS. Gloss.
 20
ADD ADH
ADDE. Had. ADDLE-POOL. A pool or puddle, near a dung'
And he "byhet hym and ys al Kent ver and ner, hill, for receiving the fluid from it. South.
Al that Hengyst adde wule wythe kynges daye ADDLINGS. Earnings from labour. Yorksh.
Vortyger. Rob. Glow. p. 221. ADDOLORATE. To grieve. See Florio, in v.
ADDEEM. To think ; to judge ; to determine. Dolordre.
(A.-S.) ADDOUBED. Armed; accoutred. (A.-N.)
Was hotter than ever to provide hirnselfe of
And for revengement of those wrongfull smarts,
Which I to others did inflict afore, horse and armour, saying he would go to the island
bravely addoubed, and shew Sidney's
himself Arcadia,
to his charge.
p. 277-
Addeerrid me'to endure this penaunce sore.
Faerie Qucene, VI. viii. 22.
The dragon fly. Var. dial. ADDOULSE. To sweeten. This term occurs
ADDER-BOLT. in the dictionaries of Minsheu and Howell.
ADDER-SAY. I dare say. YorJcsh.
See Adulce.
ADDER'S-GRASS. A plant mentioned by Ge- ADDRESS. To prepare for anything; to get
rard, ofwhich the generic name is cynosorchfa ready. (Fr.) A veiy common use of the word
See his Herball, ed. Johnson, p. 205.
in our old dramatists.
ADDER'S-TONGUE. A description of this com- ADE. To cut a deep gutter across ploughed
mon plant is in Gerard's Herball, ed, Johnson, land. Salop.
p. 404. [Gerard. ADEC. A vinegar milk. Howett.
ADDER-WORT. The bistort or snake-weed. ADECOUE. On oath. Perhaps an error of the
ADDICE. (1) An addled egg. Huloet. scribe in the following passage, the other MSS.
(2) An adze or axe. This is a common form reading a-vowe.
of the word. Nares quotes Lyly's Mother By a token thou me troue,
Bombie. I breke a solem adewue.
Robson's Romances, p 8.
ADDICT. Addicted.
To studies good addict of comely grace. ADELANTADO. The king's lieutenant of a
Mirrour jor Magistrates, p. 173. country, or deputy in any important place of
ADDITION. A title given to a man over and charge*.sheu, in v.Cf. Middleton's
above his first, or Christian, and surname, It is a SpanishWorks,
word. L 241 ; Min-
showing his rank, occupation, &c. or alluding ADELE. Added ; annexed. So explained in
to some exploit or achievement. A law term, the glossary to Urry7s Chaucer. It should be
frequently occurring in Shakespeare. two words, a dele, a portion.
ADDIWISSEN. Had I known it. North. An ADEMAND. The loadstone. This form of the
expression neai'ly obsolete, though still retained . word occurs in Maundevile's Travels, p. 161.
ADENT. To fasten. Mim/ieu.
by some old persons. See Marshall's Rural ADENYD. Dinned; stunned.
Economy of Yorkshire, ii. 315. It seems to be I was ttdenyd of that dynt,
merely a corruption of the very common old Hit stoned me and mad me stont
method of expressing repentance for any hasty Sty] out of my Steven. MS. I)f>we 302, f. 12.
action, had I wist, had I known the conse- ADEPCION. An acquirement. (Lat.)
quences. The following extracts give forms In the adaption and obteynyng of the garland, I
of the phrase very close to the provincial term. being seduced and provoked by sinister counsail
This dredfule ded I drawe me tylle,
Aod alle ys tornyd to adywyst. 'and
and diabolical
detestable temptacion,
acte. didcommytafacynorous
Hall, Richard ///. f. 30.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 51.
ADEQUATE. To make even or equal. Minsheu.
AMitwst yt \vylle not bee. Ibid. f. 51,
ADERCOP. A spider. More generally written
ADDLE. (1) To earn. North. Forby says "to earn, attercop, q. v. Araneus, an adereop, or a spyn-
to profit gradually." It occurs in the Townley ner. — Staribrigii Vocabula^ sig. d. ii. Palsgrave
Mysteries, p. 195. See Adyld. has addircop. See Prompt. Parv. p. 16.
With goodmen's hogs, or corn, or hay, ADES. An addice. Kennett.
I addle my ninepence every day.
Richard of Dalton Dale. ADE WEN. To moisten ; to bedew.
Thy gracious shourys lat reyne in. habundaunee,
(2) " To addle his shoon" is said in the North of Upon myn herte t'adaioon erery veyne.
a horse that falls upon his back, and rolls from Lydgate's Minor Poems, p. 2fil.
one side to the other. In the South, when a The hie hevynes doth your grace ndeioc.
MS. Anhmole. 50, f. J?4.
horse does so, he is said to " earn a gallon of ADGE. An addice. North.
(3) oats."
To grow ; to thrive. East. ADHIB. A name given to the herb eyebright.
Where ivye embraseth the tree very sore,
Kill ivye, or tree else will addle no more.
in Dr. Thomas More's MS. additions to Hay,
ADHIBITE. To admit. In the following example
Tussei-'s Five Hundred Points, 1573, f. 47, it perhaps ought to be adhibited. Cf. Rhomeo
(4) A swelling with matter in, it. Somerset. and ToJulietta, ap. Collier's Shak. Lib. p. 89.
which counsaill there were adhitiiteveryfevfe,
(5) Labourer's wages. Yorlcsh. and they very secrete. Hallt Edward V. f. 13,
ADDLE-HEADED. Stupid; thoughtless. Var. ADHORT. To advise ; to exhort.
dial
Julius Agricola was the first that by adhortittg
ADDLE-PATE. A foolish person. Kent. the Britaines publikely, and helping them privately,
ADDLE-PLOT. A person who spoils any amuse- wun them to builde houses for themselves.
ment. South. Stotv't Murvay t>f tendon, ed. 150B> p. 4.
 21
ADM ADO
AD1HTETH. Adihteth him, Le. fits himself ADMIRATIYE. Minsheu calls the note of ad-
with. miration, the admiratwe point.
Adihteth him a gay wenche of the newe jet. ADMISSION. An admission, as when a prince
Wright* s Political Songs, p. 329. doth avow another prince to be under his pro-
AD IN. Within. Sussex. tection. Hollyland.
ADIR. Either.
It is agreid that the said Thomas Wrangwysh and
ADMITTANCE. In general the same as ad-
William Welles shalbe eaptens of the soghers for the mission, but used by Shakespeare in the sense
said cite, and that adir of them shall have iiij. so. of of custom, privilege, or prerogative of being
the day. Lavies's York Records, p. 155. admitted into the presence of great personages,
ADIT. A sough or level in a mine, generally Ford tells Falstaff he is a gentleman "of great
made for drawing off water. Derbysh. ii. 2.
admittance" See the Merry "Wives of "Windsor,
ADJOYNATE. Joined.
Two semely princes, together adjoynate, ADMONISHMENT. Admonition. Shak
In all the world was none theim like alowed. ADMOVE. To move to. (Lat.)
Hardyng's Chronicle) f. 154. ADMYROLD. A Saracen commander, or king.
AD JOYNAUNTE S. Those who are contiguous. Tho spec on admyrold,
The adjective adjoynaunte occurs in the Dial, Of wordes he wes swythe bold. Kyng Horn, 95.
of Great. Moral, p. 192. ADNOTE. To note ; to observe. (Lat.)
Sought and practised waies and meanes how tojoine Jn this mateir to bee adnoted,
himself with forein princes, and to greve and hurte What evyl counseU withe pryncys maye induce.
his neighbors and adjoynauntes of the realme of £rit. Sibl. iv. 204.
England. Hall, Henry VI. f. 53. ADNUL. To annul.
AD JOYNT. A person joined with another ; a Shal uttirly stonde voide and adnuHid, accordyng
to the olde custume therof hadde and made.
companion, or attendant. See Daniel's Civ.
Wars, iv. 69, quoted hy Nares. MS, Bodl. 6 Mus. 229.
ADJUMENT. Help; succour. Miege. ADNYCHELL. To annihilate. See an instance
ADJUNCT. United with ; immediately conse- of this form of the word in Skeltonrs Works,
quent. See King John, iii. 3, and Richardson, i. 202.
in v. Adjoin. ADO. (1) Done ; finished. Somersetsh.
ADJUTE. To assist ; to help. See Ben Jonson,
as quoted by Richardson, in.v. (2) To do.
I wol that thei togithir go,
ADJUTORIES. The arm bones. Vlgo tr. And done al that thei ban ado.
Romaunt of the Roset 5080.
ADJUVANT. Assisting, See Aubrey's Wilts,
Royal Soc. MS. p. 109, for an instance of the ADON. (1) Adonis. Cf. Troilus and Creseide,
word, the same with that taken by Richardson iii. 722.
from Howell, Diet, in v. Adjute. For thilke love thou haddest to Jdon,
ADLANDS. Those butts in a ploughed field Have pitee on my bitter teres smert.
Chaucer, Cant. T. 2226.
which lie at right angles to the general di-
rection of the others ; the part close against (2) And
Done what
away.with Cf. Morte
the hedges. Salop. [Headlands ?] Venus, and d' Arthur,
othir ii. 29.
oppression
Of housis, Mars his \enime is adon
ADLE. (1) Unsound ; unwell. East. Leg. ofJfi/peiinn. 32.
(2) To addle; to earn. Skinner and Kennett ADONNET. A devil. North. In Yorkshire
give this as a Lincolnshire form of the word.
ADMERALLYS. Commanders. See Admiral one sometimes hears the saying, "Better be
He sende aftur lordyngys, in with that adonnet than out,"
Fyftene admerallys and kyngys, ADOORS. At doors ; at the door.
But when he sawe her goe forth adores, he hasted
And armyd them to fyg^t.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 123. after into the streate. Riche's Farewell, 1581.
ADMIRABLIST. Most admirable. Accented But what, sir, I beseech ye, was that paper,
Your lordship was so studiously imployed in,
on the antepenult. Yorksh.
ADMIRAL. This word, which the reader will When ye came out a-doors ? Woman Pleased, ir. 1.
find under other forms, did not always imply
its present acceptation, but a Saracen com- ADOPTIOUS. Adopted. See AH's Well that
Ends Well, i. 1. The commentators do not
mander, sometimes a king. According to furnish another instance of the word.
Kennett, the term admiral was not introduced ADORAT. A chemical weight of four pounds.
before the latter end of the reign of Edward I.
See his Glossary, 1816, in v. Marinarius ; and
Admyrold / Richard Coer de Lion, 5042; ADORE. To adorn. See the Faerie Queene,
IV. xi. 46 ; Beaumont and Fletcher, quoted by
Maundevile's Travels, p. 38. Robert of Glou-
cester has the form amrayl. See Hearne's Nares in v.
Gloss, in v. According to some, the word was ADORNE. (1) To adore.
obtained in the wars with the Saracens of The sonne, the moone, Jubiter and Saturne,
Spain, from Emir-alma, or emir of the water, And Mars the God of armes they dyd adorne.
Hardyng'a Chronicie, f. 56
which"" readily resolves itself into the other
word. See Warton's Hist. Engi Poet. Introd. (2) Adorning; ornament. Spenser.
p. cxcv. ADOTB. To doat ; to grow silly.
 ADR 2 ADU
It falleth that the moste wise ADREYNTE. Drowned. Cf. Sevyn Sages, 1486;
Ben otherwhile of love adotid,
Piers Ploughman, p. 198 ; Gesta Romanomm,
And so by-whaped and assotid.
Goiuer, MS. Sac. Antiq. 134, f. 177. p. 104 ; Reliq. Antiq. ii. 229 ; Minot's Poems
ADOUNE. Below; down. (A.-S.) pp. 58, 60, he62.gan to swymme forth,
So that
So lette thy grace to me discende adoune, Over for to wende;
Lydgate, MS. Ashrr.ole 39, f. 27. Ac his mester so evele he couthe,
And when the gospel ys y-done, That he adreynte atte ende.
Ajayn thou myjth kuele adown . MS. Coif. Trin. Oxon. 5?.
Constitutions of Masonry, p. 35. ADRIANS. Ariadne.
ADOUTED. Feared ; redoubted. (A.-N.) Cf. The plaint of Dejanire and Hermion,
Morte d'Arthur, ii. 69. Of Adriane and Ysiphilee.
Chaucer, Cant. T. 4487.
He was corajous and gode knight,
And michel adouted in evericli fight. ADRIHE. Aside; behind. See Jamieson, in
Gy of WarwiJte, p. 120. v. Adreich.
ADOYNGE. Going on. The kyngis doujter whiche this syje,
Alle the whyle the turnement was adoynge, she was For pure abaschement drow hire adrihe.
with Quene Guenever, and ever the Quene asked her Cower, MS. Sue. Antiq. 134, f. 112.
for what cause she came into that countrey. The kyngys doujter woche this syjt,
Morte d' Arthur, i. 361. For pure abasschyde drow hyre adry$t.
Ibid. MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. G.
ADPOYNTE. To appoint. See Wright's Mo-
nastic Letters, p. 194. A-DRINK. Drunk. See the example quoted
ADRAD. Afraid; frightened. (A.-S.) under Amorwe.
The lady wase nevyr so adrad,
Into the hale sche hym lad. A-DROGH. Drew away. See the Herald's Col-
lege MS. of Robert of Gloucester, quoted in
Torrent of Portugal, p. 13,
Hearne's edition, p. 241.
ADRAMING. Churlish, Kersey. ADRONQUE. Drowned. Cf. Rob. Glouc. p. 430.
A-DRAWE. (1) To draw away ; to withdraw. Tho fond hue hire sonde
Awey fro hem he wold a-drawe, Adronque by the strondc. Kyng Horn, 988.
Yf that he myght. Octovian, 357. ADROP. A species of aurichalc, mentioned by
(2) To draw. In the Dorset dialect we have Ben Jonson, in the Alchemist, ii. 1. Ashmole
a-draen, drawing. alludes to it in his Theat. Cheni, Brit. pp. 135,
The jeant, tho he sey hym come, bygan ys mace 151, 333.
adrawe. Rob. Glouc. p. 207.
A-DROWE. Drew. Cf. Rob. Glouc. p. 307.
ADREAMT. Dosing. This is the provincial mean- Hure swerdes than thay a-drotcef
ing of the word in Oxfordshire, and probably That wern scharp y-grounde.
other counties. " You see, ma'am, all this Mft. Aahmote 33, f. 30
time she is adreamt, between sleeping arid ADROWED. Dried. Devon.
waking," applied to an infant. The phrase " I ADRY. Thirsty. Var. dial.
was adream'd," for " I dreamt," occurs in the A-DRYE. To bear ; to suffer. (A.-S.)
City139.
Night-Cap, act iv. Cf. Webster's Works, In alle thys londe ther ys not soche a knyjt,
i. Were he never so welle y-dyjt,
I was even now adream'd that you could see with That hys stroke myjt a-dryst
either of your eyes, in so much as I waked for joy, But he sehulde hyt sore abyc.
and I hope to find it true. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 30, f. 218.
Wits, Fittes, and Fancies, 1595, p. 94. ADULABLE. Easy to be flattered. Minsheu.
ADREDE. To dread. ADULCE. To sweeten. (Lai.)
So mighti strokes ther wer given, Not knowing this, that Jove decrees
That strong schaftes al to- driven ; Some mirth, t'adutce man'a miseries.
No was ther non in that ferrede, Mcrr'teWs Work*, ii. 47,
That of his liif him might adrede. ADULTERATE. Adulterous; false. Often used
Gy of Warwilce, p. 47.
Ganirrdin seighe that sight,
in the latter general seme, without any refer-
And sore him gan adrede. Sir Triatrem, p. 288. ence to adultery. Cf. Richard III, iv. 4 ; Co-
ADRELWURT. The herb federfew. This name medy of Errors, ii. 2 ; Beaumont and Fletcher,
occurs in an early list of plants, in MS. Harl. iv. 240 ; Rider's Diet, in v. Adulterine for
978.
adulterous occurs in the Mirour for Magis-
trates, p.85.
ADRENCHEN. To drown. (A.-S.)
The see the shal adrenche, ADUN. Down. Cf. Wright's St. Patrick's
Ne shal hit us of-thenche. Kyng Horn, 109. Purgatory, p. 55.
Sleilich is this vers I-seid,
ADRENT. Drowned. See Rob. Glouc. pp.
Ixxxiv. 39, 384. Hit wer harme adun i-lelid. Reliq. Antiq, il, I?&
^DRESSID. Dressed; clothed. ADUNATION. Union. Taylor.
Of vayne glorye excuse me, ADUNCITY. Crookedness. Miter.
That y ne have for love be ADURE. To burn. Bacon.
The bettre adressid and arayed. ADUSTON. Adustion. This form of the word
Go wer, MS. Sue. Antiq. 134, f. 56.
occurs in Greene's Planetomachia, 1585, f. 11.
How here jelow hcer was tressid. ADUTANTE. Fine?
And hire atire so wel adressid. Ibid. f. 225. With ther coppentante
AD RE ST. Dressed ; adorned. Somersetsh. They loke tulutante. Skcttm'* Work** ii. 429.
 23
ADY AER

ADVANCE. To grace ; to give a lustre to. See ADVOCACIES. Lawsuits. (J.-Ar.)

Timon of Athens, i. 2. n« ye nut ware how that f,ilse Poliphete
Is now about eftsonis for to plete,
ADVANCERS. The second branches of a back's And briagin on you advocacies new?
horn. See the Lexicon Tetraglotton of Howell, Troilus and Creseide, ii. 1469,
and Avanters.
ADVAUNT, Ahoast. ADVOCAS. Lawyers ; advocates.
As shameful deth as herte can devise,
And if ye wyn, make none advaunt, Come to thise juges and hir advocas.
For you are sure of one yll strvaunte. Chaucer, Cant. T. 12225,
Playe cail&d the four 6 PP.
ADVOCATION. Pleading. Shak.
ADVAUNTOUR. A boaster. Palsgrave.
ADVAYLE. Profit ; advantage. ADVOCATRICE. A female advocate, fflyot.
In any wise to do, AD VOID. To avoid ; to leave ; to quit. " Void
For lucre or advayls, the bar" is a phrase still used hy the crier at
Ageynst thyr kyng to rayle.
the courts Letters,
Monastic
Skelton'3 Works, ii. 432. in "Westminster
p. 198 ;Hall. Cf. Wright's
Hall, Henry IV. f.
ADVENTAYLE. The open and moveahle por- 27 ; Supp. to Hardyng, f. 83.
tion of the helmet which covered the mouth, AD VOUCH, To avouch.
for the purpose of respiration. Yet because it hath beene by us experimented,
Hys aduentayle he gau unlace, and found out to be true, we maie the better advouch
Hys hed he srnoot of yn the place. Ottoman, 1153, it, Stanikurtf* ]>e»cr%ptiw of Ireland) p. 30»
ADVERE. To turn to. ADVOWE. To avow; to plead. See Palsgrave,
And doo then accompte their good service had
clerelyoutof rememberaunce, whiche stirreth theym that I maie saie and advoiue that never Sprince
f. So138.
and others, fordrede and their awne securities, to ad.net e bearyng scepter and croiine over realrnes and re-
in maner in way of allegiaunce to th Erie of Kyldare, gions, hath found or proved more faithfuller coun-
omytting wele nigh their hole duetie to the Kingis sailer s} HOT trewer subjectes, then I.
Highnes. State Papers, ii, ItjQ. Hall, Edward TV. f. GO.
ADVERSACYON. Contention. ADVOWTRY. Adultery. Cf. Cov. Myst. p. 216 ;
Desyringe so a castell in to dwell, Hardyng, f. 194 ; Supp. to Hardyng, f. 67 ;
Hyra and his men to kepe frome all advertacyon.
Hardyng^ Chronicle, f. 55. Percy's Reliques, p. 120 ; Apolog}' for the Lol-
ADVERSE. Be unpropitious. lards, p.78; Rom. of the Rose, 4954.
We giffe nojte oure boclyse to lecherye ; we do
And seeyde how that was a presage, nane advowfyye, ne we do na synne wharefore us
Touchende unto that other Perse, sulde nede to do penaunce.
Of that fortune him schulde adverse. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f.33,
Gower, MS. Sac. Antiq. 134, f. 73.
ADVYSYON. A vision 5 a dream.
ADVERSER. An adversary. O good knyghte, sayd he, thow arte a foole, for that
Myn aduerws and false wytnes berars agaynste gentii\v,oman was the maister fende of helle, the
me say that they hard Prate saye that 1 shuld call whiche hath power above alle devyls, and that was
my very god lorde Chauncellour knave, the old lady that thow sawest an tliyn aduj/won
Archavlogla, xxiii. 46.
ADVERSION. Attention. rydynge on the serpent. Marte d* Arthur, ii. 245.
The soul bestoweth her adversion AD WARD. Award; judgment; sentence. Spenser.
On something else. Move's Phil, Poems, p. 204. This poet also uses it as a verb.
ADVERTACYONNE. Information. ADWAYTHE. To wait for. This peculiar form
Of your good herts I have advertucyonne., occurs in Wright's Monastic Letters, p. 202.
Where thorow in sowle holl made $e be. ADYGHT. Dressed ; adorned. (4.-S.)
fiigbu Mysteiies, p. 106. The terys ranne on the kingis kne,
ADVERTASH'D. Advertised. Norlh. For joye that he sawe Bors adygfd.
MS. Harl. 2252, f. 105.
ADVERTENCE. Attention.
Although the body sat emong hem there, ADYLD. Addled ; earned.
Her advertence is alwaie ellis-where. He has adyld his ded, a kyng he hym calde.
Troilvs and Creseide, iv. 698. Towneley Mysteries, p. 195.
ADVERTISEMENT. Admonition. This is the ADYT. The innermost part of a temple ; the
original meaning of the word in prefatory no- place where the oracles were pronounced.
tices. Cf. Much Ado about Nothing, v. 1 ; Behold, amidst the adyts of oftr gods.
Greene's Works, 1* 114.
Harrington's Nug. Antiq. i. 46.
AD VEST. To put a person in possession. See ADYTE. To indite ; to write.
Kyng Rychard dede a lettre wryte,
Cotgrave, in v. ddheriter, Advestir. A noble clerk, it gan adytef
ADVISEMENT. Consideration. And wade theriune mcnsyoun,
Thereto, if you respect their position, they are More and lesse, of the raunsoun.
situat in maner of a circle or ring, having an huge Richard Coer de Lion, 1174,
lake or portion of the sea in the rniddest of them,
which is not without perill to such as with small ADZE. An addice. Minsheu.
advisement enter into the same. AE. One ; one of several ; each. North.
Harrison's Description of Britaine t p 33. AER. Au ear. East.
ABVITE. Adult. (Lat.)
Fyrste such persones, beyng nowe advite, that is AE REMHe AN C£, Divination
tcmpteth ofte, and eek"byalso*
the air.
to saye, passed their chyldehoode, as we! in rnaners At-rfiniuniv in juggement.
as in yeres ST*/* Thus- ElyoSs Gvwrn/w, p. 85. G<>wert MS. Sac Anti^ 134, £.
 AFE AFF
24
-cESTIVE. Summer. AFEND. To offend,
I must also shew how they ate likewise iugendered Thi God thou schalt nojt afend,
out of the dust of the earth by warme, active, and Eot bryng thiselfe to goodMS.
end.Douce 302, f. 2.
summer shewers, whose life is short, and there is no
use of them. TopselVs Bistort/ of Serpents, p. 178' AFENGE. Received. (A.-S.)
Seinte Martha guod was,
AEWAAS. Always. North.
As 56 hereth of telle,
AEY. (1) Yes. Far. dial • Hy afenge oure Lord in here hous,
(2) Always ; ever. As it seith in the gospelle.
MS. Coll. Trin. Qxon. 57.
Off lewtyng, welle y wote,
He bare the pryes aey. MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f.80. AFEORMED. Confirmed ; made fast. (A.-N.}
AF. Of. Have who so the maistry mny,
Fore as posseb:! fore soth hit is,
Jfeormed faste is this deray.
Kyng dlisaunder, 7356.
With a tere <z/thyn ye. MS. Douce 302, f. 19.
AFAITEN. To tame. (A.-N.} AFER. A horse. Northumfi.
It afaiteth the flessh
Fram folies ful manye. Piers Ploughman, p. 291. AFERD. And hoteth
Instructed. (A.-N.}
him sende, fer and nere,
A-FALLE. Fallen. Cf. Reliq. Antiq. ii. 272 ; To his justices lettres hard,
Gesta Romanorum, p. 472. That the contrais beo aferd
Lordynges, wel 56 wyteth alle, To frusche the gadelyng, and to bete,
How Charles the kyng of Fraunce And none of heom on lyve lete.
Now is oppon my lend a-falle, JKyng Jlisatinder, "IBIS.
' With pride and gret bobaunce.
MS, AshmnlQ 33, f. 20.
AFERE. (1) Afraid. As Tyrwhitt does not ex-
plain this word, I give the French original of
AFARE. Affairs; business. Skinner.
Afar off; at a distance.
the passage
Mine hertinforwhich it occurs.
ire goich afvre,
AFARNE.
Al thay wald wiht hym afame. That I let!
any entre hero.
Guy of Warwick, Middlehill MS. Romaitnt of the Rose, 4073,
AFATEMENT. Behaviour; good manners.
Trop yre" suis au eueur du vcntre,
(A.-K.} Quant oncques nul yLemist le pie.
Roman de? ?a Rose> 3827,
Theo thridde him taughte to play at bal j
Theo feorthe afatement in halle.
Kyng Jllisaunder, 661. (2) To Yemake
have afraid.
with yow(A.-S.)
good engynes,
AFAUNCE. Weher conjectures this word to Swilke knowe but few Sarezyncs;
mean affiance. The Bodl. MS. reads avaunce. A mangenel thou doo arere,
By anothir mon thou knowest afaunce, And soo thou schalt hem wel fifere.
And by the steorres telle his chaunce. Richard Coer dc Lion, 4104.
Kyng Alisaundtr, 732. AFERID. Afraid. (A.-S.)
A-FAYLE. To fail ; to he wanting. Ha I cowarde herte of love unleridi
Two hmidurd knyghtys take the Whereof arte thou so sore a/end.
The Lerons boldely to assayle ; Cower, MS. Sw. dntiq. 134, f. 107-
Loke yowre hertys not a-fayle.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 178.
AFERRE. Afraid. (A.-S.)
jytte sche that is afen-e
Ritwn'slettestudent
her flee.
Sangf, p. 77-
AFAYTY. To tame ; to subdue. (A.-N.)
As sone as somer come, to Yrlond he gan wende,
AFERT. Afraid. (A.-S.)
Vor to afayty that lond, and to wynne ech eade. So gryslich thei were wrought,
Rob. Glouc. p. 179. Uche of hem a swerd brought,
AFEARD. Afraid. Var. dial This form of And mad hire afert so sore.
the word is a common archaism. See Merch. The Kyng of Tars, 411.
of Venice, ii. 9. A-FETID. This term is applied to- deer in the
AFEDE. To feed, Chaucer. following passage, and apparently means well or
AFEFED. Feofed ; gave fiefs, Ml shaped. (^.-JVl)
Thei lete make a guode abbey, And wel a-fetid is whanne tho bed is wel woxen by
And well yt afefed tho. ordynaunce after the hJghte and the schap, whan
J[mis and Amiloun, 2486. the tyndes be wel growc yn the bcem by good me-
AFELD. (i; In the field. sure. MS. M/. 546".
This brethren wendeth afeld AFFADIL. A daffofliL A common old form of
To witen here fe ;
the word, found in Palsgrave, Minsheu, Florio,
Ac Josep levede at horn,
That hende was and fre. MS. Bodl* 652, f. 2. and Cotgrave. " Flour of offadUle" is recom-
Ant hou he sloh afelde mended ina receipt to cure madness, in an old
Him that is fader aquelde. Kyng Horn, 997. medical MS. in Lincoln Cathedral, f. 282. See
also Archaeologia, xxx. 3-82.
(2) Felled; destroyed. (A.-S.)
That lond destrud and men aqueld, AFFAIED. Afraid ; affrighted ; affected. Zan#-
And Cristendom thai nan michel afeld. toft.
Gy of WarwiJce, p. 96. AFFAIES. Burdens. Langtoft.
AFELLE. To fell ; to cut down. (A.-S.) AJTAINED. Feigned. Mall.
The kyng dude onon afelJe
Many thousande okes, ich telle. AFFAMISH. To famish with hunger. Spenter.
Kyng jUisaunder, 5240, AFFAYTED. Prepared: instructed: tamed,
AFENCE. Offence. Prompt. Parv. (A.-N.)
 25 AFF
AEF
He hadde a clergon yonge of age, the affeebled members, assisting the livelie forces?
Whom he hath in his chamber ajfaited. dispersing annoious oppilations, and qualifieng of
Gower, ed. 1532, f. 43 sundrie griefes. Harrison's Desc. of England, p, 214.
His cookes ben for hym qff&yted, AFFEER. To settle; to confirm. See Macbeth,
So that his body is awayted. Jbid. f. 130. iv. 3. Affeerours, says Cowell, are " those that
The jonge whelpe whiche is a-ffayted, be appointed upon oath to mulct such as have
Hath not his mayster better awayted committed faults arbitrarily punishable, and
To couche, whanne he sayeth, " Goo lowe !'* have no express penalty set down by statute/'
Gower, MS, Sac. Antiq. 134, f. 46. AFFENDE. To offend.
And eche of hem his tale qffayteth
Alle to deceyve an innocent. Lawe fewe
For is nyge
ben flemid outeit ofto centre",
that dide amende.
Ibid. f. 64.
Occleve, JK8. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 267.
AFFE. Have.
But now to the mater that I be-ffbre meved,
That mester ajffe to wynne theem mede. Of the gomes so gay that grace hadde affendid.
Ritson's Ancient Songs, i. 47. Deposition of Richard II. p. 21.
AFFEARED. Afraid. Shale. Few provincial AFFERAUNT. The haunch. (A.-N.)
words are more common. He bereth moo tyndes then doith an herte. His
AFFECT. (1) To love. This word is used both heed may noht be wel devysed withoute payntyng.
as a substantive and a verb. Thei have a longere tayl than the hert, and also he
True worth moves few : but sure I am, not many hath more grece to his ajferaunt then MS.
the Sodl.
hert. 546.
Have for bare vertues sake affected any.
Wither'* Abuses, p. 34. AFFERDEDE, Frightened.
(2) A property of the mind. Me thoghte schohadeno powere,forthe Passyone
Yea, they were utterlie void of that effect* which of God comforthed me ; but the grysely syghte of
is naturallie ingrafTed in man, which is to be pitti- hir afferdede me. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 251.
full to the humble and prostrate, and to resist the AFFERE. (1) To belong. (Fr.)
proud and obstinat. Holinihed, Hist, of Ireland, p. 55. He was then buryed at Winchester in royall wise,
AFFECTATED. Affected. " A stile or oration As to suche a prince of reason should offers,
Hardyn^s Chronicle, f. 106.
to much ajfectated wyth strange words." (2) Countenance ; demeanour.
Baret. Gaw.
AFFECTATION. A curious desire of a thing (3) ToThe terrify.
flora the soudan nam, Richard for to affere.
which nature hath not given. Rider, Langtoft's Chronicle, p. 187.
AFFKCTEOUSLY. Affectionately. See Af- AFFERMID. Confirmed.
fectuousty. And whan that lawe was conferrnid
After hys death, his life again was daily wisshed, In dewe forme, and alle affermid.
and affecteously emong his subjectes desyred, but Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 80.
wishyng served ^not, nor yet their desyre tooke Among the goddes highe it is affirmed,
none effecte, "" Hall, Edward 17. f. 61. And by eterne word written and confermed.
Chaucer, Cant. T. 2351.
AFFECTION. (1) Affectation. ShaJc.
(2) Sympathy. -See a curious passage in the AFFESED. . Frightened. The following extract
Merch. of Venice, iv. 1, and the notes of the from Browne is given by Richardson, in v.
commentators. Parson Hugh, Merry Wives Pheeze, but it is, perhaps, the same with
of Windsor, i. 1, makes a verb of it, to love. fesyne, Prompt. Parv. p. 158, explained to
AFFECTIONATED. Attached. SeetheCobler make afraid, and which has no connexion, I
of Canterburie, 1608, sig. E. iii. believe, with either pheeze, or A.-S. fesian, as
And albeit he trusted the Englishmen well Mr. Way seems to intimate. See Fese.
inough, yet being borne on the other side of the -She for a while was well sore qffesed.
seas, he was more affectionated to the people of those Browne's Shepheard's Pipe, Eel. i.
provinces there subject unto him. AJFFICHE. To affirm. (^.-JV.)
HoUnshed, Hist, of Ireland, p. 55.* Of that they sen a womman riche,
AFFECTIONED. Affected. Shdk. Ther wol they alle here love affiehe.
AFFECTTJALL. Effectual. Such seems to be Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 142.
AFFIE. To trust ; to rely. See Rom. of the
the meaning of the word in Archseologia, xxv.
Rose, 5480 ; Kyng Alisaunder, 7347. „
90, while in the same document, p. 89, ajfec- AFFINAGE. The refining of metals. SJdnner.
occurs in the same sense as affectu- AFFINE. (1) A relative. Shakespeare has it as
. a verb.
Alonso failed not with affectuall and manifest ar-
gumentes to perswade her that her housbaud had Howe heynous or detestable a cryme sooever he
now no more right or title to her at all. had committed, treason onely except, shoulde like-
Riche's Farewell, 1581,
wise as affixes and alyes to the holy orders be saved*
and committed to the bysihoppes pryson.
AFFECTUOUSLY. Passionately ; affection- Hall, Henry VII. f. 50.
ately. Cf. Giletta of Narbona, ap. Collier's (2) To refine. SJdnner.
Shak. Lib. p. 10; Harrington's Nug. Ant. i. 19 ; AFFIRE. On fire.
Wright's Monastic Letters, p. 99 j State Pa- And hir to love liche as I desire,
pers, i.827. Beuigne Lorde, so set myn hert qftre.
I have sought hym desirusly, Lydgate, MS. Ashmole 39, f. 12.
I have sought hym affectuosly. Reliq. Antiq, ii. 157. AFFIRMABLY. With certainty.
AFFEEBLED. Enfeebled. I cannot wryte of suche qffirtnabty.
In the restrefciE"; of naturall issues* strengthening Hardyng's Chronicle, f. 58,
 AFF AFI
26
AFFLIGHT. Blight. AFFRENDED. Reconciled.
Of the gripe he had a sight, Where when she saw that cruall war so ended,
How she flew in afflight. And deadly foes so faithfully qffrended,
Ton-ent of Portugal, p. 82. In lovely wise she gan that lady greet,
AFFLIGIT. Afflicted. Maundevile. so well amended.
Which had so great dismay Faerie Queenet IV. iii. 50.
AFFQND. Have found.
A moneth after a raon myghtte horn affond, AFFRET. An assault ; an attack. (Fr.)
Lyand styll on the grownd. And, passing forth with furious affret,
Hunttyng of the Hare, 253. Pierst through his bever quite into his brow.
Faerie Queene, IV. iii. 11.
AFFONG. Same as Afonge, q. v. This form AFFRICTION. Friction. Boyle.
occurs in MS. Arund. Coll. Arm. 8.
To strengthen ; to compel. AFFRODILE. A daffodil. Chesh.
AFFORCE. AFFRONT. To meet face to face ; to encounter.
Gorge upon gorge to afforce hys lechery ;
The longe daye he spent in glotony. Cf. Troilus and Cressida, iii. 2 ; Hamlet, iii. 1.
Bochas, b. v. c. 8. " On affront," face to face. Ben Jonson, iv.
Swa sulde ve do agaynes develles that ajforces thame 51, has the word as a substantive.
to reve fra us the hony of poure lyfe and of grace. The brigge ys of fair entaylle,
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 194. On brede fourty fete :
AFFORD. To afford to sell. Non possum An hundred knystes wythoute faille,
tantulo vendere, I cannot afford it at so little Ther on affront mo we meet.MS. dshmole 33, f. 22.
a price. Rider.
A.FFOKE. To make effective. AFFRONTEDNESS. Great impudence. Skinner.
So that thou ous sykerye affore AFFULDEM. Struck down. (A.-S.}
To help ous in this clos. MS. Ashmole 33, f. 27. Roland is an hardi man,
Keete and moysture directyth ther passages, So strong man and so wijt ;
With greene fervence tajjbre yong corages. In no batail ther he cam,
Legate's Minor Poems, p. 244. Ne fond he nevere knyjt
AFFORME. To conform. That onys a strok him astod,
Ye servauntes that wayte upon the tahle, That he on him Icide,
Be ye honest and dylygent; That he ne ttfuldem xvere wod,
To hym that is most honourable Outlier slowe at a braide. MS. Ash^mlc 33.
Jfforme your maners and entent. AFFYAUNCE. Trust.
Doct. of Good Servauntes, p. 8,
He shrove hym with grete rcpentaunce,
AFFORN. Before. But of Goddys mercy he hadde MS. none
Harl.qffi/aunce.
1701, f. 82.
And alle the Sarsyns thay a-slowe,
That thay affbrn him founde. AFGODNESS. Idolatry. SMnner.
MS. Ashmole 33, f. 30.
AFFORST. Thirsty. AFILE. To file; to polish. Cf. Troilus and
Creseide, ii, 1681.
Not halffe ynowh therof he hadde, Whanne he hath his tunge afilid
Oft he was afforst. The F> ere and the Soy, iv.
AFFRAIE. Fear. With softe speche and with lesynges.
Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 42.
But yet I am in grete affraie For wel he wiste, whan that song was songe,
Lest thou sholdest nat doe as I sale.
Row. of the Rose, 4397. He must preche, and wel (rjtte his tonge.
Chaucer Cant. T. 714.
AFFRAMYNGE. Framynge, or afframynge, or AFILED. Deftlcd.
wynnynge, Lucrum, emolumentum. Prompt. Alas, heo saide, y nere y-spiilcd 1
Parv. p. 176. For men me cleputh quen
AFFRAP, To encounter ; to strike down. iUr, 1064.
They bene y-mett, both ready to offi-ap. A-FINE.
Faerie Queene, II. i. 26. Wd a-fine, in perfection. See Afyn.
For no man at the firste stroke
AFFRAY. (1) A disturbance. (A.-N.) Ne may not fel adoune an oke,
Who lived ever in swiche delite o day, Nor of the reisins have the wine,
That him ne meved other conscience,
Till grapes be ripe and wel a-fine.
Or ire, or talent, or som kin qffiay. K«m- of tha Hose, 36SO,
Chaucer, Cant. T. fi567.
(2) To frighten. (A.-N.) AFINGRET. Hungry. Cf. Wright's Political
Needles, God wot, he thought hire to affray.
Songs, p. 342 ; Piers Ploughman, pp. 133, 176,
Chaucer, Cant. T. 8331. 283, 403.
A vox gon out of the wode go,
AFFRAYED. Afraid.
Mngret so, that him wes wo ;
And whenne Kynge Edwardes hooste had know- He nes nevere in none wise
lege that Sere Perys le Brasilia with the Scottes- ^finffret erour half so swithe.
raenne were comynge, thei remewed from the sege Reliq. 4ntiq. U. 2?2.
and were ajfrayed. WarJeworth's Chronicle, p. 2. As hy were on a day sore o&ngrodt
AFFRAYNE. To question ; to ask. (A-S.) To the bord hy sete.
Byfore the atnyral thanne he goth, MS. Coll. Trin. Oww. 67* '• 3.
And bygan him for to affrayne. AFIT. On foot. North.
MS. Afhmole 33, f. 28.
I atfrayned hym first A-FIVE. Into five pieces.
Fram whecnes he come. Sir Gii to him gan to drive,
fiers Pbttshman, p. 347. That his spere brast ajve, Gj tf WarwUee, p. 3»*»
 27
AFO
AFO
AFLAMING. Flaming. jit may his goode dedus be so wrought,
That par chaunce God aloweth hym nought
The sting of tongues the atfaminy fire -loth feed.
Append, to W. Maptx, p. 291.
AFLAT. Flat. Bacon. (2) To force ; to ravish.
AFLAUOT. Showily dressed. He hath me of vilanie bisought ;
Al afiaunt now vaunt It ; Me to afwce is in his thought.
Arthour and Merlin, p. 88.
Brave wench, cast away care;
With Jayes of love chaunt it, AFORE. (1) Before; forward; in time past,
For no cost see thou spare. (4.-S.) It is used in the two latter senses
Promos and Cassandrat i. 2, with quick speakers ; especially in the northern
AFLED. Escaped. provinces, and in Norfolk. In MS. Digby 40,
He shoke his eares,
And fiom grete feares f. 19, is the proverb, " Hee that will not be-
He thought hym well afled. ware afore will be sory afterwardes."
And when the lyenas hungurd sore,
Si)' Thomas More's Workes, 7557* Sche ete of the gryffyn more,
AFLIGHT. To be uneasy. (^.-JV.) That afore was stronge and wyght.
Upon this worde hir herte aflight, MS. Cantab. Ff. it. 38, f. 84.
Thynkende what was best to doone.
Cower, b. ii. (2) Gone. So explained in a MS. Somerset-
Tho was the boy aflyght, county.shire glossary, lent to me by a native of that
And dorst not speke. Octovixn, 191.
A-FLORE. On the floor. AFOREN. -Before. Chaucer.
And over keveryd with a pal, AFORE-TUZ. Before thou hast. YorJcsh.
A-flore where she stondes. AFORETYME. In tune past. Still in use. See
- MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 90. an instance in the Dial, of Great. Moral, p. 144.
AFL03EN. Flown.
And were aflo^en grete and smalle, AFORE-YENE. Over against ; directly in front
And eke the amerel. MS. Ashmole 33, f. 41. of. Somerset.
AFLY3TE. Same as AfligJit, q. v. And sayid, nece, who hath arayid thus
Upon his worde hire herte afl^te, The yondir house, that stante afwyens us ?
Thenkende what was best to done. Truilus and Creseide, ii. 1188.
Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f, 66. AFORNANDE. Beforehand. Prompt. Parv.
And tho for fere hire herte afly$te> Ibid. f. 112. AFORNE. Before; formerly. West.
AFO. To take ; to undertake ; to receive. Aforne provided by grace of Crist Jhesu,
Thempereur that was so fre, To were ij. crownys in Yngland and in Fraunce.
With him Gij than ladde he ; MS. Harl. 2251, f. 4.
Cast.els him bede and citSs, AFORNE-CASTE. Premeditated.
Gret worthschip and riche fes ; By high imaginacion aforne-caste,
Ac he therof nold a/o, On a night thorghe the hoggis sty hee brast.
For nothing that he might do. Cfiaucer, ed. Urry, p. 17l«
Gy of Warwike* p. 94. AFORRAN. In store; hi reserve. North. A
Bi mi Lord Jhesus Crist,
corruption apparently of aforehand.
This message iehil afo. , IUd. p. 133.
For nought that y might afo, A-FORSE. By necessity.
Y nil bitray therl Tirri. Ibid. p. 199. Than Selle it a-jfurse to ffilte hem ajeyne.
Deposition of Richard 21. p. 28.
AFO AT. On foot Var. dial
AFOILD. Foiled ; cast down. AFORTHE. (1) To afford. (4.-S.)
And yaf hem mete as he myghte aforthe,
Felice hadde of him gret rewthe. And mesurable hyre. Piers Ploughman, p. 129.
Gii, quod sche, thou lovest tne in trewthe !
Al to michel thou art <z/oiW ; (2) AndContinually.
here and there,(^.-&)
as that my litille wit
Now thi blod it is acoild. Gy of Warw'ike, p. 20. Aforthe may eek thinke I translate hit.
AFONGE. To take ; to receive. " Afonge hem Ocdeve, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 263.
who so afonge," take them who will take them. A-FOKWARD. In front.
Cf. Wright's Middle-age Treat, on Science, p. Mid thre hondred knyjtes, a duk, thathet Siward»
140; Rob. Glouc. p- 91; Arthour and Mer- Asailede Corineus hymself a-forward.
Rob. Glouc. p. 17.
lin, p.126 ; Kyng Alisaunder, 606, 972, 7289,
7534. AFOTE. On foot.
Alas ! sede seinte Cuthberd, Whenne Adam Abelle body fond,
Pole eeh am to longe \ For sorwe afote my$t he not stond.
I nelle this schep no longer kepe, Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab. {. 8*
Afongs hem who so afonge I It felle they foujten bothe afote.
' MS. Coll. Trin. Oxon. B7, f. 2. Cower MS. Soc, 4ntiq. 134, f. 117,
AFORCE. (1) To force ; to compel. Cf. Kyng AFOUE. A vow.
Alisaunder, 789; Roh. Glouc. pp. 121, 323; Jake seyde, y make afoue,
Skelton's works, i.31, 308, explained to mean, Y am as redey as thow.
The Frere and the Boy, st. Ixvi.
to attempt, to exert one's self.
Thoghe men aforced hym, for drede, AFOUNDE. • Discovered.
< To sey that that man dyd that dede. And tho the Sarsenes afounde
MS, Hart. 1701, f. 25, Her lord was slayn,
For jif a mon aforce hym ay Everych to fle away that stounde
To do the goode that he may, Was ferly fayn. Octovian, 1659
 AFT 2«
AFT
AFOUNDRIT. Foundered. AFTE. Foolish ?
He was ner afound \/^tt and coud none othir help. Hit nis bot trewth, I wend, an afte,
Chaucer ,~ed. Urryt p. 599. For te sette negn in eni craft o.
A FOUR. Over. Wright's Ptihtiunl Sung*, p. 210.
This men, on the kinges sond, AFTER. Afterwards ; according to ; according1
Went afow half Inglond. to the shape of. " After that they ware," ac-
Ai'thour and Merlin, p. 24. cording to their degree. So in the Common
A-FOYSTE. In Prompt. Parv. p. 7, this is trans- Prayers, " Neither reward us after our iniqui-
lated by Hrida, the meaning of wliich may be ties/1 i.e. according to our iniquities. The
seen in that work, p. 163. The a is pro- word occurs apparently in a peculiar sen.se in
bably the article, although Mr. Way informs Ritson's Ancient Songs, i. 40.
Theo othir ladies after that they ware,
me the "Winchester MS. reads affyste.
A-FRAWL. For all ; in spite of. Suffolk. To knyghtis weore doliverid Kyng there.
Atisaitnder, 2503.
AFRAYE. Fear; flight. Cf. Prompt. Parv. AFTERBURTHEN. The afterbirth. This word
p. 175.
That other rode his vraye, is often used in the curious depositions relating
His herte was in grete afi-aye.
to the birth, of the Prince of Wales in 1688.
Syr Tryarnowe, 1382. See Croft's Excerpta Antiqua, 1797.
AFRAYET. Afraid. AFTERCLAP. Anything disagreeable happening
The freson was afrayet, and ferd of that fere. after all consequences of the cause have been
Robsoris Romances, p. 15. thought at an end. Hartshorne, Salop. Antiq.
AFREED. Afraid. Derbysh. p. 303, says, " the consequence, issue, result,
AFRET. Fretted; placed crosswise. \A.-N.) generally received in malam par tern" Cf.
For round environ her crounet
Was full of riche stonis afret. Reliq. Antiq, i. 77 ; Collier's Old Ballads, p. 94 ;
Rom, of Hose, 3204.
Holinshed, Hist Engl. p. 197.
To thy fronde thowe lovest moste,
AFRETIE. To devour. Loke thowe tclle not allc thy worste,
Spedeth ou to spewen, Whatesoever beliappes ;
Ase me doth to spelle ; For whane thy fremle ys thy foo,
The fend ou afretie He wolle tell alle and more too ;
With fleis ant with felle. Beware of afterdappes > MS. Lansd. 7C2, f. 100.
Wright's Pol. Songs, p. 240. So that hit was a sory happe,
AFREYNE. To judge. (^.-5.) And he was a-gast of after-clapps,
MS. D<^«ce 230, f. 14.
But evere we hope to Thin goodnesse,
Whanne Thovv schalt this werde afreyne.
AFTERDEAL. Disadvantage. Cf. Reynard the
Kampala's Stim. Consc. MS.
AFRONT. In front. See Berners. Foxe, p. 149.
For otherwise the partie ys dryven to a preate
Least his people should be assailed not onlie afront, afterdate, and must b<-» enforced, to his groatc chardges,
out also upon everie side the battels, he caused the
to repairc to your majestic1 for the same, whiche he
ranis so to place themselves, as their battels might is not well able to doo. State Pajmes, Hi. 4C0.
£tretch farre further in bredth than otherwise the
order of warre required. AFTER-EYE. To keep a person in view; to
Holinshed, Hist. J2j»£te»e?, p. 50.
follow him. Sh&k.
AFRONTTE. Abreast. rVFTEJIFEED. The grass that grows after the
And worst of all that Tundale fand, first crop lias been mown, and generally fed
Ajrontte unnethe thei myght passe off, not left for an aftermath, as in some other
Twndaltfs Visions, p 33. counties. Ojeon.
AFRORE. Frozen. Somerset. APTERINGS. The last milk drawn from a
AFROTJGHTE. Asked? (d.-S.) cow. Var. dial.
The byssehope spake withoute faylc, AFTE R-K1ND RED. Remote khulred.
Thoughe he were nothynge afroughte. Yet natholesse your kinrcde h but aftnr-Tcinreie,
MS. Hart. 2252, f. 114. for they ben but Htell aibbe to you, and the kiniie
AFROTJNT. To accost ; to encounter ; to at- of your enemies ben nie sibbe to hem.
CAowtw, fid Urry, p. 153.
tack. (A.-N.)
An if a pore man spelce a word, he shal be foule AFTERLEYS. Aftermaths. Rerfa.
afrounted, Wright's Political S^ngs, p. 337.
And with Nede I mette,
AFTER-LONGE. Long afterwards.
And after-longs he ly ved without en stryfe,
That afrounted me foule, Tyll he went from his mortal! lyfe.
And faitour me called. Piers Ploughman, p. 425, R«Uq. Antiq. K 47.
AFRY3TE. Frightened. AFTER-LOVE. Love after the first love. Shak.
Hire herte was so sore af>y$te,
That sche ne wiste what to thinke. AFTERKAJH. A second crop of grass. Var. dial
Cower, MS. Soo. Antiq. 134, f. 161. AFTER-SAILS. The sails that belong to the main
He be-helde jlf the hinde evel hurt were, and mizen masts, and keep the ship to the
And foad sche nas but a-fH$t for fere of that dint. wind.
mil. and the Werwolf, p. 100.
AFTER-3ERNE. To long after.
AFT. (1) Oft. Percy. <3od grauntes us noghte ay that we for-ptay, for
(2) Behind. Generally a sea term, but it is in he wille gyfe us better thennc we after"$(trnfi.
common use on the banks of the Tyne, and MS. Lincoln A. 1. 17, f. 237
occasionally in other places, in the sense here AFTIN. Often.
given, without any relation to nautical subjects, j For a* ttftin tyme &> thou scorgediste him with thJ
 29
AGA AGA
punyshementes, for to make him to obeye to thi And saide, Dame, thou art a-gade,
commaundmentes, he wolde never, but encline to That thou mournest for the ded,
me. Gesta Romanorum, p. 126. That mai the do nother god ne qued.
The Senyn Sages, 2G38*
AFTIRCASTE. A throw at dice after the game
is ended ; anything done too late. AGADRED. Gathered. SMnner.
Thus ever he pleyeth an aftircaste AGAH. The ague. North.
"Of alle that he schalle say or do. AGAIN. (1) Against ; near to. These senses of
Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. IDS
the word are not obsolete in the prcrances.
AFT-MEAL. A late meal. Whose lordshyp doutles was slayne lamentably
Indeede, quoth he, I keepe an ordinary, Thorow treson, again him compassed and wrought.
Eightpence a meale who there doth sup or dyne; Skelton's Works, i. 6.
And dyse and cardes are but an aceessarye :
At aft-meales who shall paye for the wine ? (2) And
Towards.
praide hem for to riden again the quene,
Thynne's Debate, p. 49. The honour of his regne to sustene.
AFTYR-PARTE. The behind side. Prompt. Parv. Chaucer, Cant. T. 4811.
AFURE. On fire. Scho felle hir lorde one knees agayne,
He smot,
ssoc ys suerde and gruate, and myd such ernest And of his sorow scho ganne hym frayne.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f, 99.
That the sprong out myd ech dunt of helme so there,
AGAINST. To ride against the king, or other
That yt thojte myd ech dunt, as that heved afure
were. Rob. Glouc. p. 308. noble person, signified to ride to meet. The
term is not unfrequently used by early writers.
AFUEST. Thirsty. The two forms a-fyngred
and a-furst, according to Mr. Wright, appear See Fairholt's Hist, of Lord Mayors' Pageant-^
to he characteristic of the dialect of the coun- p. 6; Octavian, 1289.
AGAINSTAND. To resist ; to oppose.
ties in the West of England; and a con- With castelles strong and towres for the nones,
firmation ofthis conjecture occurs in MS. At eche myles ende, to agaynstande all the foonyse.
Lansd. 1033, f. 2, where the word furst is Hardyng'& Chronicle > f.53,
given as current in Wiltshire in that sense in AGAINSTANDANS. Withstanding; resisting.
1697. Cf. Piers Ploughman, pp. 176, 283, For tigainstandans thi rigthand fleghe,
529 ; Kyng Horn, 1120 ; Afforst. Home thou me als shit of heghe.
A-f&rst hy were for werynesse ; MS. Bodl. 425, f. 1.
So sore that nas ende. MS. Coll. Trin. Oxon.&J. AGAINTH. Against. North.
AFURT. Sullen. West.
A-GAME. In game. Chaucer.
AFVED. Had.
AGAN. Gone.
Of G. will I now lef my tale,
The day hym was ful nej agan,
And of hys fel?ugh spek I sale,
Thac south him al obout ; And come was nej the ni5t. MS. Ashmole 33, f. 30.
Of hym. afued gret dout. AGAPE. On the gape.
Guy of Warwick, ffiddtehill MS. More solemn than the tedious pomp that waita
AFWORE. Before. North. On princes, when their rich retinue long
AFYE. To trust. Of horses led, and grooms besmear'd with gold,
Dazzles the crowd, and sets them all agape.
In thaym thu may the afye. Paradise Lost, b. v.
GUI/ of Warwick, Wddtehtil MS.
Pors afyed in his streynthe,
AGAR. An exclamation. See the Exmoor
In his muchehed, and in his leynthe. Courtship, p. 19.
Kyng Alisaunder, 7351. AGARICK. The fungus on the larch. See
AFYGHE. To trust. Gerard, ed. Johnson, p. 1365. Minsheu calls
Who that hath trewe amye, it " a white and soft mushroom." It is also
Joliflich he may hyra in her aft/ghe.
Kyng Alisaunder, 4753. the name of an Assyrian herb. Cf. Topsell's
AFYGHTETH. Tames ; reduces to subjection. Hist, of Serpents, p. 46 ; Clerk's ed. of Withals,
p. 113 ; Halle's Expostulation, p. 21.
(A.-N.}
Delfyns they nymeth, and cokedrill,
AGARIFIED. Having the ague. Suffolk.
And afj/ghteth to heore wille, AGAS-DAY. Agatha's Day. See the Paston
For to beore heom to the flod,
Letters, iv. 426, quoted in Hampson's Med.
Kyng Alisaunder, 6583. Kalendar. ii. 7.
AFYN. In fine ; in the end. (A.-N.) Cf. Boke AGASED, Astonished ; aghast. Shakespeare has
of Curtasye, p. 21 ; Sevyn Sages, 1106 ; the word in 1 Henry VI. i. 1.
Maitland's Lambeth Books, p. 307; Gy of In this cittve all aboute
Warwike, p. 334 ; Arthour and Merlin, pp. 3, Was non so stearne ney so stowte,
That up-loked for greate doubte,
143; Emare', 913; Launfal, 343. On com- The were so sore agased. Chester Plays, ii. 8&.
paring these examples, it seems we should oc- AGASPE. To gasp.
casionally read a fine, i. e. and fine. So, "wel Galba, whom his galantys garde for agaspe.
a fine," well and fine. See A-fine. Skelton's Works t i. 274,-
AG. To cut with a stroke. North.
AGAST. Frightened. North.
AGAAN. Against ; again. North. He met a dwarfe, that seemed terrifydc
A-GADE. In the following passage is explained With some late perill which he hardly past,
Or other accident which him agast.
by Ellis " distracted," while Weber reads a
ffade, a gadling. Faerie Queene, III. v ^
 AGE 30
AGG
AGATE. (1) A-doing ; a-going. To " get agate" AGEEAN. Against ; again. North.
is to make a beginning of any work or thing ; AGEINS. Towards.
to " be agate" is to be on the road, on the Ageins nn olde man, hore upon his hede.
Ye shuld arise. Chaucer, Cant. T. 12G77-
way, approaching towards the end. See
Hunter's Hallamshire Glossary, in v. Cotgrave AGELT. Thei(1)heForfeited. (^.-50
had i-wraththed your wif,
has the expressions " to set the bells a-gate"
and " to set a wheelbarrow a-gate " See his Yit had he nowt agelt his lit'. Sewn Sages, G8fi.
Diet, in v. Brimtater, Broueter, and the old
play called Lingua, iii. 6. (2) Offends.
And huo thet(J.-S.)
agelt ine enie of the ilke hestes, hims-
(2) Used metaphorically for a very diminutive sel therof vorthencke. MS. drundel. 57, f. 13.
person, in allusion to the small figures cut in AGEN. Again. A very common form in old
agate for rings. See Nares, in v. works, and the provincial dialects of the pre-
AGATE-WARDS. To go agate-wards with any sent day. It is sometimes used for against.
one, is to accompany him part of his way home, Hartshorne, Salop. Antiq. p. 303, gives the
and was formerly the last office of hospitality meanings, against, contiguous, by, towards,
towards a guest, frequently necessary even now when.
for guidance and protection in some parts of AGENFRIE. The true lord, or owner of any
the country. In Lincolnshire it is pronounced thing. SJcinner.
affatekouse, and in the North generally AGENHINE. A guest at a house, who, after
agaterds. three nights' stay, was reckoned one of the
AGATHA. In a little tract by Bishop Pilkington
called "The Burnynge of Paules Church," AGERDOWS. family. Cowell. ~
Eager; keen; severe.
8vo. Lond. 1563, sig. G. i, " St. Agatha's Let- He wrate an epitaph for his grave-stone,
ters" are mentioned as a charm for houses on With wordes devoute and sentence agcrdaivs.
Skelton'* Works, 1. 411.
fire. Cf. Becon's Works, 1843, p. 139,
AGATHRID. Gathered. AGE ST. Afraid ; terrified. Ejcmoor.
With the griffon come foulis fele, AGETHE. Goeth. Ritson.
Ravins, rokis, crowis, and pie, AGEYN. Towards.
And graie foulis, agcttTirid wele. Al day wentyn tho chylderin too,
Chaucer^ 3d. Urry, p. 188. And sleych fowndyn he non,
AGAYNBYER. The Redeemer. Prompt. Parv. Tilit were a- grim evyn,
AGAYNE-COMMYNGE. Return. The chylderin wold gon horn.
Songf and Carols, x .
For -wha so ever tournez one the rijte hande, he
salle fynde many obstaclez and grevancez that salle AGEYN-BYINGE. Redemption. Prompt. Parv.
peraventure lett his agayne commynge, AGEYNWARDE. On the other hand.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 40. Men must of right the vcrtuous preferre,
AGAYNE-STANDE. To resist ; to oppose. And triewly labour preyse and besynrase ;
For no resone ne lawe of lande, And agei/mcarde dispreyse folke that erre,
May noghte ther agayne-stande. Whiche have no joye but al in idilnesse.
MS, Lincoln A. i. 17, f- 120. Lydgate't Minor Po<*m.?, p. 84.
AGAYNSAY. Contradiction. Also, a verb, as AGG. (1) To incite ; to provoke, j&vmoor.
in the following example.
To which Rogiers daughter called Anne, my most (2) A grudge ; a spite. Northumb.
derest and welbeloved mother, I am the very trew (3) To hack ; to cut clumsily. Wilt8.
and lineall heyre, wbiche diseent all you cannot
AGGERATE. To heap np. Rider.
justely agaymay, nor yet truly deny.
AGGESTED. Heaped up. Coles.
Ball, Henry FT. f. 90. AGGIE. To dispute ; to murmur. Devon.
AGAYNSAYYNG. Contradiction, AGGING. Murmuring; raising a quarrel Exmoor.
They grauntyd hym hys askyng AGGLATED. Adorned with aglets.
Withouten more agayntiayyng The third day of August in the citie of A-tnlas
Richard Coei- de Lion> 600. came the Frenche kyng hi a cote of blacke velvet
AGAYTSTWARDE. On the contrary; on the upon white satin, and tied with laces affftlftted with
other hand. golde. Ball, Henry nil. f. 1G2.
Heken agaynwarde how these princes three AGGRACE. To favour. Spenser. This writer
also uses it as a substantive.
Were full ungoodly quit by the comonte'.
BocJias, b. v. c. 19.
AGGRATE. (1) To irritate, Var. dial
AGE. To advance in years. " My daam ages (2) To please ; to gratify. Spenser.
fast," i. e. she looks older in a short space of AGGREDE. To aggravate. Coles.
time. It is sometimes used in Yorkshire in the AGGREEVANCE. A grievance.
sense of affecting with concern and amazement, Unlesse they vcere prodamed traitors, and with
because those passions, when violent and long all diligence followed and pursued, the event therof
indulged, are supposed to bring on gray hairs would be vene evl)l, to the aggreevance of good
and premature old age. The verb agyn occurs subjects, and to the incouragement of the wicked.
Stanihvrtt't Hlif. o/ Intend* p. 172*
in Prompt. Parv. p. 8, and Palsgrave has, " I AGGREGE. The same as agwff, q. v.
age or wexe olde." But aldredraore lest theig«it therof harme to the
AGEE. Awry; obliquely; askew. North. It is
coule, and tyraung for defaut of tretpa«w; forth!
sometimes used for " wrong," and occasionally that in swelfc the synne affgreylth bl moun of the
a corruption of " ajar," as applied to a door. degr^. jfl>tf<t&V fof '^* l*tttl ifdff p. 4«
 31
AGH AGL
AGGKESTEYNE. A sickness incident to hawks. AGHTELD. Intended. (4.-S.)
A receipt for its cure is given in the Book of The knight said, May I traist in the
For to tel my prevet6
St. Albans.
That I have aghteld for to do. Sevyn Sage.8, 3063.
AGGREVAUNS. A grievance; an injury. And Alexander went into a temple of Apollo,
Prompt. Parv. whare als he aghteled to hafe made sacrifice, and
AGGROGGYD. Aggravated. Prompt. Parv. hafe hadd ansuere of that godd of certane thynges
that he walde hafe aschede. MS. Lino. A. i. 17, f. 11 .
AGGROUP. For ur Lord had aghteld yete,
AGGY. Agnes.To group.
North. ' Dry den. A child to rais of his oxspring.
AGHAST. Did frighten. Spenser. MS. Cott. respas. A. iii. f. 8.
AGHE. Ought. AGHTENE. Eight.
Wele aghe we to breke the bandes of covaytise, Thes are the aghtme vices to knowe,
and ille to drede that byndes men in syn. In which men falleth that are slowe.
MS. Coll. Eton. 10, f. 4. MS. Bodl. 48, f. 140.
AGHEN. Own.
And made tille hys aghen lyknes. AGILE R. A spy. This is Skinner's explana-
MS. Coll. Stow, xviii. 6. tion of the word, but it is probably founded on
That thou destroy thin enimy, that es, he that es a mistaken reading in one of Chaucer's ballads.
wise in his aghen eghen. MS Coll. Eton. 10, f. 12. AGILITE. Agile.
AGHER. Either. If it be, as I have sayd, moderately taken after
For when y shuld agher go or ryde, some weightie businesse, to make one more fresh e
Y dyghte my hevede ryjt moche with pryde. and ngilite to prosecute his good and godly affaires,
MS. Harl. 1701, f. 22. and Uwfullbusinesse, I sayeto youagaine, hemaye
lawfullye doe it.
AGHFUL. Fearful. (^.-S.) Northbronke's Treatise against Dicing, p. 53
David he was an aghful man,
Ful right wisli he regnd than, AGILT. Offended. Cf. Arch.xxi. 72. (A.-S.)
MS. Cott. Vespas. A. iii. f. 44.
Ye wite wel that Tirri that is here
Hath agilt the douk Loere.
AGHLICH. Fearfnl; dreadful. (A^S.) \
Ther hales in at the halle-dor an aghtich mayster, Cry of
He agilte her nere in othir Warwike, p. -202.
case,
On the most on the molde on mesure hygh, Lo here all wholly his trespase.
Syr Gawayne, p. 8. Rom. of the Rose, 5833.
AGHT. (1) Anything. (A.-S.) AGIN. (1) As if. Yorteh.
Whan aght was do a3ens hys wylle,
He cursed Goddys name wyth ylle. Against. East.
MS. Bart. 1701, f. 33. Again. Var. dial.
To begin. See Agynne.
(2) Owes ; ought. Cf. Chester Plays, i. 233. The child -was don the prisoun in :
I was noght than so avese, The maister his tale he gan agin,
Als a damysel aght to be. The Sevyn Sages, 1410.
Ytvaine and Gawin, 724.
A, Lord, to luf the eight us welle AGIPE. A coat full of plaits. Coles.
That makes thi folk thus free. AGISTMENT. (1) The feeding of cattle in a
Towneley Mysteries, p. 59. common pasture, for a stipulated price. The
Wele aghte inyne herte thane to be his, agistment of a horse for the summer cost 3s. 4^.
For he es that frende that never wille faile. in 1531. See the Rnchale Charters, p. 417.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 21.9.
(2) An embankment; earth heaped up. In
(3) Possessions; property. See the Towneley marshy counties, where the tenants are bound
Mysteries, p. 11. (A.-S.) to make and keep up a certain portion of dyke,
And ox, or hors, or other agttt.
MS. Cott Vespas. A. iii. f. 38. bank, or dam, in order to fence out a stream,
Or make hym lese hys wurlrily aghte, such "bank is called an agistment.
Or frendys also to be unsaghte. AGITABLE. Easily agitated.
MS. Harl 1701, f. 28. Suche is the mutacyon of the common people,
lyke a rede wyth every wind is agitable and flexible.
(4) Possesses. (4.-S.) Hall, Edward IF. f.23.
The roan that this pitt aght,
O the beist sal yeild the pris. A-GLEED. Started up.
MS. Cott. Vespas. A, iii. f. 38. When the body ded ryse, a grymly gost a~gleed.
Lydgate's Minor Poems, p. 116. >
(5) The eighth. AGLER. A needle-case. It is the translation
The aght es a maister of lare,
May bete a clerk. MS. Cott. Galba, E. ix. f. 70. of acuar in MS. Lansd. 560, f. 45, a list of
(6) Eight. Cf. Towneley Mysteries, p. 13 ; words written in Lancashire in the fifteenth
century.
Ywaine and Gawin, 1438.
And also he wrate unto thame,, that thay scholde AGLET. The tag of a lace, or of the points for-
make grete solempnytee lastyng e fhte dayes, because merly used in dress, and which was often cut
of the weddynge of Alexander. into the shape of little images. A little plate
MS. Li xoln A. 1. 17, f. 23.
of any metal was called an aglet Cf. Coventry
AGHTAND. The eighth. Mysteries, p. 241 ; Spanish Tragedy, iv. 4 ;
Do y6ur knave barns to cf :cumce&
The aghtand dai that thai are born, Cunningham's Kevels Accounts, p. 42 ; Baret's
MS. Cott. Vespas. A. iii. f. 16. Alvearie, in Y. Mr. Way tells us the word pro-
Seven dais sal wit thair mcders duell, perly denotes the tag, but is often used to sig-
The aghtan sal thai offerd be. Ibid. f. 38. nify the lace to which it was attached. See
 32
AGO
AGR
Prompt. Parv. p. 8. Mr. Hartshorne, Salop. (2) To go. Cf. MS. Harl. 1701, f. 4.
Antiq. p. 303, says, "a spangle, the gold or Wolde je beleve ray vvrdys asMS. y, Bod!. 415.
silver tinsel ornamenting the dress of a show- Hyt shulde a-go and sokun ky.
man or rope dancer." A-GOD-CHEELD. God shield you! Pegge.
AGLET-BABY. A diminutive being, not exceed- Gone ; past. West. Cf. Harrowing of
in size ine tag of a point, See Taming of AGON.
the ingShrew, i. 2. Hell, p. 15 ; Wright's Political Songs, p. 149 ;
AGLETS. The catkins of the hazel are called Hardyng's Chronicle, f. 123 ; Chaucer, Cant. T,
ed. Johnson, p. 1439. 2338 ; Constitutions of Masonry, p. 24.
aglets in Gerard's Herbal, Of bras, of silver, and of golde,
Kersey gives them the more generic interpre- The world is passid MS. agone.
Gower, and Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 3&
tation of anthera . See ffigins' Nomencla tor,
p. 142. Go and loke wele to that stone,
AGLOTYE. To glut; to satisfy. Tyll the thyrd dey be MS.
agone.Ashmole 61, f. 139.
To maken with papelotes
To aghfye with here gurles AGONE. Ago. Var.did.
That greden aftur fode. Piers Ploughman, p. 529. As, a whUe ag-one, they made me, yea me, to mia*
AGLUTTYD. Choked. for a seminary.
take an honest zealous pursuivant Barth. Fair, ii. 1.
And whan she is waking, she assayeth to put over
at thentring, and it is agtottyd andkelyd wyth the AGONJOUS. Agonizing; full of agony. Fabian.
glette that she hath engendered. AGONIST. A champion ; a prize-fighter. Rider.
Book of St. dibanat s3g. C. zi.
AGLYFTE, lightened. AGONIZE. To fight in the ring. Minsheu.
As he stode so sore aglyfte, A-GONNE. To go.
Hys ryjt hand up he lyfte. MS. Sari, 1701, f. 24. Syr Key arose uppon the morrowne,
AGNAIL. A hang-nail, either on the finger or And toke his hors, and wol<Je a-gonne.
Syr Gawayne, p. 201.
toe. Palsgrave has v." agnayle upon one's too.
Cf. Cotgrave, in Agassin; Mono, in v. AGOO. (1) Ago* since. Dorset.
GUdndote; Minsheu, in T. In MS. Med. (2) Gone.
Evyr leveSomerset.
in shame, and that is al my woo,
Line, f, 300, is a receipt "for agnayU one Parewele, Fortune I my joye is al agooi
mans fete or womans." (X.-&) "Lyfigate'a Minor Poems, p. 44.
AGNATION.
Minshew.
Kindred by the father's side. AGOOD. In good earnest ; heartily.
The world laughed a^florf at these jests, though, to
AGNES-DAY. On the eve of St. Agnes many say sooth, shee could hardly afford it, for feare of
divinations were practised by maids to discover writhing her sweet favour.
their future husbands. Aubrey, p. 136, directs Arnim's Nest of Ninnies, 1608,
that " on St. Agnes's night take a row of pins, AGOHE. Gory?
and pull out every one, one after another, saying And of his hauberk ag»re,
And of his aketoun a fot and more.
a paternoster, sticking a pin in your sleeve, and Arthour and Merlin, p. 237.
her you shall marry."
you milAnddream
on sweet St. or
of him Anna's night, A-GOTH. Passes away.
Feed them with a promised sight j Be the lef, other be the loth,
Some of husbands, some of lovers, This worldes wele al a-goth, Reliq. Antiq. i. 100.
Which an empty dream discovers, AGBADE. To be pleased with. See Florio,
Ben Jonson's Satyr, 1603. in v. Gradire.
Brand, vrho gives these lines without a refer- AGEAMEDE. Angered. (d.-S.)
ence, reads " St. Agnes" in the first line, which Lybeauua was sore aschaircd,
is, I believe, Aubrey's emendation. Annes, And yn hys herte agramefc,
or Agnes, was a virgin who refused the ad- For he hadde y-lore hys swordp.
dresses ofthe son of the prefect of Rome, as Li/beaux DiscomiSt 3916.
she was, she said, espoused to Christ. See AGRASTE. Showed grace and favour. Spenser.
Becon's "Works, p. 139; Keightley's Fairy AGKAUNTE. Satiated with. (^,-M)
Mythology, ii. 143. Thoghe every day a man hyt haunte,
AGNITION. An acknowledgment. Miege. Jyt wyl no man DO hyt agraunte.
AGNIZE. To acknowledge ; to confess. See US. Rodl, 41fi.
* Othello, i. 3 ; Hawkins' Engl. Dram. i. 258, AGKAYDE. To dress, to decorate.
268 ; Wright's Monastic Letters, p. 146. Thyn halle agi-ayde^ and hele the walle*
AGNOMINATE. To name ; to designate from With clodes, and wyth ryche palleis. Ixztm/a/, 901
any meritorious action. See Locrine, iii. 3. AGRAZING. " To send agrazing," seems to be
Minsheu explains agnomination to be a "sur- a phrase applied to the dismissal of a servant.
name that one cbtaineth for any act, also the See Cotgrave, in v. Envoyer.
name of an house that a man commeth of." AGEi. (1) In good part; kindly. (-rf,-M)
A-GfO. (1) Gone ; passed away. Somerset. Whom I nu foumip froward, ne fell.
Of feloni hi ne taketh hede, But toke agrt all whole my plaie.
Al thilk trespas is a-go. jRont. oftJteKone, 4349.
Wrighfs Pol- Songs, p. 197-
To mete with Cocke they asked how to do, (2) Kind. (A.-N.)
Be meroyf ulle, agr&, talte parte, and sumwhat pardoone,
And I tolde them he was a-go.
Cocke Lorette* Bote, p. 14. Disdeyne nott to hi-lp us, kepe you frome dJ&cenrioune.
MS, Harl. 75%), f. 35.
 33 AGCJ
AGR
(3) To please. Some editions read angre in the AGRIOT. A tart cherry. Howell
following passage : AGRIPPA. Apparently the name of a herb. It
If harme agre me, wherto plaine I thenne. is mentioned in a recipe for the stone in MS
Troilus and Creseide, i, 410. Line. Med. f. 298.
AGREABILITE. Easiness of temper; equa- AGRISE. To terrify ; to disfigure ; to he terri-
nimity. See Urry's Chaucer, p. 369, fied. Itis hoth an active and a neuter verb.
ACREAGE. To allege. Cf. Brit. Bibl. i. 304 ; Cov. Myst. p, 331 ; Gy
Neither dyd I ever put in question yf I shoulde
doe you right, as you appeare to agreage, but onlye of Warwike,Tale,
Plowman's 245: Florio* in v. Legdre;
p. 2300
what was the ordyuarye judgement. ii. 1435. ; Troilus and Creseide,
Egerton Papers, p. i
Other bringe him in such turmentes
AGREAT. Altogether. To take a work agreat, That he ther-of ag~yse.
is to take the whole work altogether at a price. MS. ColL Trin. Qxon. 57.
See Baret's Alvearie, and Blount's Glosso- Thys man for fere wax sore agrysyn,
graphia, in v. He spak whan he was rysyn. MS. Bodl. 425.
AGREEABLE. Assenting to any proposal. Var. In the ende of hervyst wynde shalle rise,
dial. And whete shalle in the felde agrise.
MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 77.
AGREEABLY. In an uniform manner ; perfectly
alike. AGROMED. Angered. (^.-£)
At last he met two knights to him unknowne, The kyng wes ful sore agromed,
The which were armed both agreeably. Ant of ys wordes suithe aschomed.
Chronicle of England, 803,
Faerie Queene, VI. vii. 3.
AGROPE. To grope ; to search out.
A-GREF. In grief. Cf- Rom, of the Rose, 7573. For who so wele it wel agrope,
He dasscheth forth overward,
Theo othres comen afterward : To hem bilongeth alle Europe.
Gowert MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 173.
He soughte his knyghtis in meschef,
In love agropeth oute the sore. Ibid. f. 144.
He tok hit in heorte a-gref.
Kyng- Alisaunder, 3785.
AGROS. Shuddered ; trembled j was affrighted.
And, nece mine, ne take it nat a-grefe. Cf. Sevyn Sages, 886; Kyng Horn, 1326;
Ti'oilus and Cre&eide, zii. 864. Troilus and Creseide, ii. 930; Legende of
Madame, takes not a-greoe Thisbe of Babylon, 125.
A thyng that y yow say. Sir Degrevant, 467. The wif agj-os of this answere,
AGREG. To augment ; to aggravate. And seyd, have thou no power me to dere?
Arthour and Merlin, p. 39
And some tonges venemous of nature,
Whan they perceyve that a prince is reeved, Gii with spors smot the stede,
To agreg hys yre do their busy cure. As a man that hadde nede,
Bochas, b. iii. c. 20. That fire under the fet aros ;
Of ravyne and of sacrilege, Nas iher non that him agi-os.
Gy of Warwike, p. 49.
"Whiche maketh the conscience agregge. Strife and chest ther aroSj
Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq, 134, f. 175.
That ge myjten my gref thus have breggid, Moni knijt therof agros.
MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 106.
As je have done, so sore I was agreggid.
Occleve, MS. ibid. f. 234. AGROTID. Cloyed ; surfeited.
But I am all agrotfdhere beforne
AGRE MED. Vexed. See Agramede. To write of hem that in love ben forsworne.
Ac the douk anon up stert, Urry's Chaucer, p. 356*
As he that was agremed in hert.
Gy of Wanvike, p. 84. Gorges agroteied enbossed their entrayle.
Bochas, b. v. c. 20.
AGRESSE. To approach. (Lat.) AGROTONE. To surfeit with meat or drink.
Beholde, I see him now agresset
And enter into place. Prompt. stantive
Parv.agrotonynge.
The same work gives the sub-
H.awJdns's Engl. Dram, i 258.
A-GRET. In sorrow. (^.-51)
AGROUND. To the ground.
And how she fel flat dovrne before his feete aground.
And giflf je holde us a-gret, Romeus and Juliet, 1562.
Shall I never ete mete. Sir Degrevant, 1769,
AGRETHED. Dressed ; prepared. (^.-£)
AGRUDGE. Palsgrave has " I agrudge, I am.
Clothed ful komly for ani kud kinges sone, agreved, jeA suis grev^."
Tn gode clothes of gold agrethed ful riche. AGRUM. disease of hawks, for which a re-
William and the Werwolf, p. 3. ceipt isgiven in the Book of St. Alban's, sig.
C. ii.
AGREVE. To grieve any one; to vex. Cf. AGRYM. Algorism; arithmetic. Palsgrave is
Wright's Monastic Letters, pp. 188, 189 ; Har- the authority for this form of the word, " to
dyng's Chronicle, f. 102 ; Holinshed, Hist, of
Ireland, p. 80 ; The Basyn, xvii. ; Gy of War- count by cyfers of affrym"
wike, pp. 295, 318 ; Coventry Mysteries, p. AGUE. (1) Awry; obliquely -.askew. North.
(2) Swelling and inflammation from taMng cold.
41 ; Morte d'Arthur, i. 9, 377 ; Hartshorne's East. Shakespeare has agued in the sense of
Met. Tales, p. J89 ; Arch. xxi. 71.
Syr Befyse therof was agrevyd, chilly. See Coriolamis, i. 4. In Norfolk an
And as swythe smote of his hedd. ague in the face is said to be invariably cured
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 123. by an unguent made of the leaves of elder,
He was agrevyd and uye owte of wyt. Ibid. f. 247. called ague-ointment. 3
 AIL
AHT 3
AGUE-TREE. The sassafras. Gerard. (3) Ought. Percy.
AGUILER, A needle-case. (A.-N.) AHUH. Awry ; aslant. Var< dial
A silvtr nedil forth I drowe, A-HUNGRY. Hungry, S/iak.
Out of aguiltir queint i-iiowe, AHY. Aloud.
But for she spate ever vyleyny
And gan this nedill threde anone.
Rum. ofthg Rose, 90. Among here felaws al ahy. MS. Hart. 1701, f. ii
AHYGH. On high.
AGTJISE. To put on ; to dress ; to adorn. Spen- And owt of the loiid no nnyghte schyp go,
ser. More, as quoted by Richardson, uses it Bote bytweone roches two,
as a substantive.
So aliygfi so any mon. myghte seone,
AGULT. To be guilty ; to offend ; to fail in That two mylewas bytweone. Kif!:gsllisann(te>',6-236,
duty towards any one ; to sin against. Cf. One is hchippe that saileth in the see,
Piers Ploughman, pp. 273, 518, 561 ; Rob. A egle ahy^e, a worme in lowe.
MS. Eib. Rfg. 18 A. x. f. 119.
Glouc.
Thanne in v. (A.-S.')
gloss,Lucifer a-gulte in that tyde,
AH3E. Fear.
And alle tfiat helden -with hym in pride, Than it spac Olibrious,
Crist on hyrn vengeaunce gan take,
Hath schenon ah^e ,•
So that alle they by-coraen develes Wake.
MS. Douce 23G, f. 19. Alle the paines je hir do,
Hir thenke it bot plawe. Leg. Cathy!.?. 88.
AGWAIN. Going. Somerset. The same county AID. In Staffordshire, a vein of ore going
has agwon for gone. downwards out of the perpendicular line, is
AGYE. (1) Aside; askew. North. called an aid. In Shropshire, a deep gutter
(2) To guide ; to direct ; to govern. cut across ploughed land, and a reach in the
Syr Launfal schud be stward of hatle, river, are also called aids.
For to ague hys gestes alle. Lnwiful, 623, AIDLE. To addle ; to earn. Worth.
AGYNNE.
AIE. An egg.
Thou To begin.
wendest thatCf.
ichKitson's
wrohte Anc. S. p. 20.
And for the titlung of a ducke,
That y tier ne thohte,
By Rymenild forte lygge, Or of an apple, or an aic. Un-y's Chaucer, p. 185.
Y-wys ich hit withsugge, AIELS. Forefathers. (A.-N.}
Ne shal ich ner agynne To gyve from yourc hcires
That you re aielt, yow lefle. Pier* Plmtghnvw, p. 314.
Er ich Sudenne wynne. KyngHorn, 1385,
AH. (1) I. Yortsh. AIER-DEW. Manna, See Higins's Adaptation
(2) Yes. Derlysk. of Junius's Nomeuclator, p. 106,
AIESE. Pleasure ; recreation.
A-HA"NG. Hanged; been hanged. Rob. Glouc. Then seide the jurrour, Syne I may »ot by it, Icte
AH-BUT. A negative, for "nay, but." Var.dial. it me to fotmc. He seidc, Sir, I wil nether selle it,
A-HEIGHT. On High. ne lete it to forme, for the aieac that it dothe me.
From the dread summit of this chalky bourn Gcsta Rotn&nonun, p. 435.
Look up a-heiqht ,- the shrill-gorg'd lark so far
Cannot be seen or heard, Do but loolc up.
AIG. (1) A haw. Lane.
(2) Sourness. North.
Ring Lear, iv. 6. AIGHENDALE. A measure in Lancashire con-
A-HERE. To hear.
taming seven quarts. Ask.
Of oon the best ye mowne a-hers; A1GHS. An axe. Lane.
That hyght Ottovyan, Octovian, 23.
A.IGHT. Ought ; owed. Yorfah.
A-HIGH-LONE. A phrase used by Middleton,
AIGHTEDEN. The eighth.
i. 262, apparently meaning quite alone. See The aighteden dai, ich mosclve,
also another instance in Mr. Dyce's note on So the ax pelt in the helve,
the above place. That schal hewe the wal atwo
AHINT. Behind. North.
That had vrrout me this wo. ftwyn Sagp/t, 3",i.
A-HI3T. Was called. (d^S.) AIGLE. A spangle ; the gold or silver tinsel
That amiabul maide Absaundrlne u-hty. ornamenting the dress of a showman or rope-
Witt, and the Werwolf t p. 22. dancer. Salop.
A-HOIGHT. Elevated; in good spirits. See AIGRE. Sour; acid. Yorfah.
Cotgrsve, in v. Cheual, Gogue ; Florio, in v. AIGREEN. The house-leek. Kcr^y.
In-tresea.
A-HOLD. To lay a ship a-hotil, to stay her or AIGULET. The clasp of a buckle. "Atytelet to
place her so that she may hold or keep to the fasten a elaspe in."— Palsgrave, f. 17. Spenser
has aygvlet* in the Faerie Queene, II. iii, 26.
-wind. See the Tempest, i. 1, as explained by AIK. An oak. North
Eichardson, in v.
AHORSE. On horseback. North. It also oc- AIL. To be indisposed, Far, dmL Gill gives
ail as the Lincolnshire pronunciation of f will,
curs in Robert of Gloucester. See Hearne's
Gloss, in v. See Guest's English Rhythms, ii. 205.
AILCY. Alice. North.
AHTE. (1) Eight.
Ahte moneth, ant dawes thre, AILE. (1) A writ that Heth where the grand-
In Engelond king wes he. Chron. of England, 1019. father, or great-grandfather \vas seised in his
demaines as of fee, of any land or tenement in
(2)AhPossessions ; property. Cf.
I feyre thinges, frcoly bore ! "W, Mapes, p. 348. fee simple, the day that he died, and a stranger
When me on wovveth, beth war bifore abateth or entreth the same day and dispos-
Whuch Is worldes ahte. Wright's Lynn Pttciryt p. 46. sesseth the heir. Cawett.
 AIB 3 AIX
(2) A wing, or any part of a building flanking AIE.LI NG. A light airy person
Some more there be, slight airlines; ,a will
coxcomb.
another. The term is usually applied to the be won
passages of a church, and it seems necessary to AIRMS. Arms. North.
call attention to the technical meaning of the A TTo * °™n< **»* *• 3.
word. See Britfcon's Arch. Diet, in v. AIRN. (1) Iron. Burns uses this TO>rd, and it
AILED. Depressed. (^.-£) also occurs in Maundevile's Travels. See Glos-
Schent war tho schrewes, sary, in v.
And ailed unsele,
For at the Nevil^cros (2) To earn. Wilts.
AIRT. A point of the compass. North.
Nedes bud tham knele. Minot's Poems, p. 41. AIRTH. Afraid. North.
AILE TTE S. Small plates of steel placed on the AIRTHIUL. Tearful. North.
shoulders in ancient armour, invented in the AIRY. An aiery ; an eagle's
nest. See this form
reign of Edward I. SeeArch. xvii. 300, xix. 137. of the word in Massinger's Maid of Honour, i.
AILS. Beards of barley. Essex. Hollyband 2. It is also used for the brood of young in
has, "the cites or beard upon the eare of AIS. Ease. °
corne." Alice. North. the nest.
AILSE, Whanne the gestes weren at ais,
Thai wenten hora. fram his paleis.
AIM. (1) To intend; to conjecture. Yorftsh. The Sevyn Scigea, 1869.
Shakespeare has it as a substantive in the same AISE. Axweed. SMnner.
sense in the Two Gent, of Verona, iii. 1, AISH. Stubble. Hants.
(2J To aim at. Greene. AISIELICHE. Easily,
(3) " To give aim," to stand -within a convenient And to> the contreye that je beoz of
distance from the butts, to inform the archers Seththe ye schullen i-wencle,
how near their arrows fell to the mark. Me- Withoute travail al aitieliche,
Andthareowrelifende. MS. Laud. 108. /. 106
taphorical y, iis
t equivalent to, to direct. See
Collier's Shakespeare, i. 167 ; Tarlton's Jests, AISILYHE. Vinegar.
And in mi mete thai gaf galle tole,
p. 24 ; True Tragedie of Richard the Third,
And mi thrist with aisilyhe diank thai me.
p. 27. MS. Sodl. 425, f 35.
(4) " To cry aim," in archery, to encourage the AISLICHE. Fearfully. (^.-&)
archers by crving out aim, when they were There I auntrede me in,
about to shoot. Hence it came to be used for, And aisliche I seyde. Piers Ploughman, p. 4?1
to applaud, to encourage, in a general sense. AISNECI Primogeniture. SMnner.
See King John, ii. 1. A person so employed AIST. A. Thou wilt. Line.
was called an aim-crier, a word which is meta- AISTRE.
A house. This \vord is in common
phorically used for an abettor, or encourager. use in Staffordshire, Shropshire, and some
See Nares, in v.
other counties, for the fire-place, the hack of
AIN. (1) Own. North. the fire, or the fire itself; but formerly it was
(2) Eyes. used to denote the house, or some particular
Than was Sir Amis glad and fain ;
For joie he wepe with his ain. part of the house, chambers, or apartments.
Amis and Amilwn, 2138. AISYLL. Vinegar. Minsheu.
AINCE. Once. North. AIT. A little island in a river where osiers grow.
AINOGE. Anew. Rob. Glouc. See the Times, Aug. 20, 1844, p. 6.
AINT. To anoint. It is figuratively used to de- AITCH. An ach, or pain ; a paroxysm in an in-
note abeating. Suffolk. termitting disorder. Var. dial See a note
AIR. (1) Early. on this pronunciation of ache in BoswelTa
I griev'd you never in all my life,
Malone, vii. 99.
Neither by late or <&£»•/ AITCH-BONE. The edge-bone. Var. dial.
You have great sin if you would slay AITCHORNING. Acorning; gathering acorns.
A silly poor beggar. Robin Hood, i. 107. Chesh.
(2) An heir. Cf. Kyng AHsaunder, 7 63; Minot's AITH. An oath. North.
Poems, p. 14. AITHE. Swearing. (^..£)
Than was his fader, sothe to say, Pride, wrathe, and glotonie,
Ded and bind in the clay; Mthet sleuthe, and lecherie.
His air was Sir Gioun. Gy of Warwifa, p. 267. Arthmr and Merlin f p. 31.

(3) Appearance. " The air of one's face. Sym- AITHER, (1) Either. North. Some of the
metria qutedam lineamentorum vultus." — Skin-
ner.
provincial glossaries explain it, atsof each.
Chese on aitiw hand,
(4) Previously ; before. See Are. Whether the lever ware
AIRE. An aerie of hawks. Miege. Howell Sink or stille stande. Sir Titetrem,?. 154,
terms a well-conditioned hawk, " one of a (2) A ploughing. North.
AI-TO. Always. So explained in the glossary
good aire"
AlftEN. Eggs. to the Apology for Lollard Doctrines, attri-
Another folk there is next, as nogges crepeth ; buted toWiddiffe, in v.
After crabben and aircn hy skippen and lepeth. AITS. Oats. North.
?>', 4943,
AIXES. An ague. North.
 ARE AKN
36
AIYAH. The fat about the kidney of veal or AKER. (1) Sir F. Madden, glossaiy to Syr
mutton. Suffolk. Gawayne, conjectures this to be an error, for
ucTi a, each, every. See p. 53. Its meaning
AJAX. Pronounced with tlie second syUable seems rather to be either. It may be an error
long. A silly quibble between this word and for aither, or other.
a j0£eswasnot uncommon among Elizabethan
writers ; and Shakespeare alludes to it in tins (2)merTheGurton's n " Jialseaker
expressioNeedle, " occurs
i. 2, but in Gam.
is conjectur ed
way in Love's Labours Lost, v. 2. Sir John to be an ej*ror for " balse anker," or Chaise
Harrington "was the principal mover in this anchor. The halse, or halser, was a particular
joke. See an apposite quotation in Donee s land of cable.
Illustrations, i. 245.
A JEE. Awry ; uneven ; Var. dial acreFrenschemon
(3) An The measure of length.
; a field ; a thai made reculle
AJORNED. Adjourned. Wel an alters lengthc. MS. Ashmolti 33, f. 13.
He ajomed tham to relie in the North at Carlele. AKEK-LOND. Cultivated land. (Dut.)
Lang-toffs Chronicle, p. 309. In thilke time, in al this londe,
AJUGGEDE. Judged. Cfn-on. (jf England, 16.
On aker-Zond ther nes y-ioundc.
The gentileste jowelle, a-juggede with lordes,
Fro Geene unto Gerone, by Jhesu of hevene. AKEE-MAN. A husbandman. See the Nomen-
Morte Arthur e, MS, Lincoln, f. 62,
AJUST. To adjust. clator, 1585, p. 513 ; and Florio, in v. Arattire.
Ake afar -men wcrcn in the feld,
For whan tyme is, I shal move and a-just soon That wereu of him i-war.
MS. Land. 108, f. 1G8.
thinges that percen hem ful depe.
TJn-y's Chaucer, p. 36y.
AKETHER. Indeed. Dwon. In the Exmoor
AK. But. (A.-S.)
AK loke that we never more Scolding, p. 4, we are told it means, " quoth
Nego sette in trew lore.
Wight's Pot. Sotifj}, p. 211. he, or quoth her."
AKEYERED. Recovered.
AKALE. Cold. (A.-S.) See Acale. Sche akeMrfd parmafay,
That night he sat wel sore abate, And was y-led in liter.
And his wif lai warme a-bedde. drthour and Merlin ^ 8.">jO.
S%oyn Sages, 1512. AKEWARD. Wrongly.
AKARD. Awkward. North. Thus us« men a ncwe gette,
AKCORN. An acorn. Cf. Florio, in v. AciUne; And this world akeward sette.
MS. dshmole 41, f. 18.
spelt akekorne. (A.-S.)
clambe p.hye364,
Chaucer,
Urry's He upon a tree, AKNAWE. On Imees ; kneeling.
And aJccorns for hungur ete he, And made mony hnyglit (iftnairc,
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 3S, f 131.
On mcdcwe, in fold, di-'d by3;iue.
AKE. An oak. Ake~appittes are mentioned in K;/nff Ali aunflfir, 3540.
MS. Lincoln. Med. f. 285. A-KNAWE. To know ; to acknowledge ; known ;
Tak everferne that grewes on the «&«?, and tak acknowledged,
the rotes in Aveiell* and wasche hit wtle.
Bot ^if y do hit it ben ti-knntw,
Beliq, Antiq. J. 52. With wild hors do drttioitr
me to-drawc.
It was dole to see find Afarlint p. 42.
Sir Eglamour undir ane ake, And seyd, Thef, thou schnlt be slawe,
Tilleon the morae that hegunne wake. Bot thou wilt be the sothc n/c»««?«,
MS. Lincoln A- i. 17, f- 140. Where thou the coupe Amis
fond !and dmilonn, 2095.
AKEDOUN. The acton, q. v.
Through brunny and scheld, to the akedoitn, For Jhosu love, y pray th^.
He to-barst atwo his tronchon. That died on the rode tre,
Kyng dlisaunder, 2153.
Thi ritjht name be alrnawc.
AKELDE. Cooled. (J.-S,) (3y of fVarwike, p. 330.
The kyng hyre fader was old man , and drou to AKNAWENE. Known.
feblesse, [destresse, Bot we bescke 5^w latez u* paat and we schalle
And the anguysse of hys dojter hym dude more
mak (tknrtwene untllJc hym jour grott1 glory, jtiur
And aJcelde hym wel the more, so that feble he was.
Rob* Glmtc. p. 442. ryaltee and $our nublaye. 3IS> Litiwln, f. 8.
AKNEN. On knees.
AKELE. To cool. (A.-S) The Alhelbnw astoiuute,
And tai^te, yf love be to hot, Fel akntn to grounde. Kyng Hw»» 340,
lu what maner it schulde akele.
Sire Emtas sat adoun rtfr«e;
Gower, MS* Soc. Antlq. 134, f, 120.
Loverd, he sede, thin ore,
IsTym jeme that the fury coles MS. Mmole 43, f. 17^-
Moche a-Tceteth me, A-KNEWES. On knees.
And sholle into the stronge pyne
Of helle Ijiynge the. To-forn him a-knetoes scho ft'!.
MS. Coil, Trin. Qxon. 5f. Jrthom- and $f«>'Hnt p. 88
4.KENNYNGE. Reconnoitring ; discovering. AKNOWE. Conscious of. Used with the auxi-
(4..S.) liary verb, it appears to signify, to acknow-
At the othir side a1tf>nnynge> ledge. Cf. Gloss, to XJrry ; Sevyn Sages, 1054;
They sy#h Darle the kyn.jr. Courte of Love, 1199 ; Prompt. Parv. p. 280 5
Kypg An$aundGrt 3463. Suppl. to Hardyng, f. 1 ; Seven Pen. Psalms,
 37

ALA ALA
p. 22 ; Gesta Romanorum, pp. 326, 360, 361, cople of alowulysr They were chiefly used for
363 ; MS. Ashmole 59, f. 130. hunting the boar. See Strutt's Sports and
And he wole in hys laste throwe, Pastimes, p. 19. The Maysire of the Game,
Sorow for hys synne, and be of hyt aTcnotve. MS, Bodl. 546, c. 16, divides them into three
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 35. kinds. See further observations on them in
Be than aTenowen to me openly,
Sir H. Dryden's notes to Twici.
And hide it noujt, and I the wil releven. ALANE. Alone. North.
Boetius, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 287.
I and my wif are thyne owen, ALANEWE. New ale; ale in corns. See
That are we wel aknowen. Huloet's Abcedarium, 1552, in v.
Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin* Cantab, f. 20. ALANG. Along. North. In North Hants they
A-KNOWE. On knee. Cf. K. AHs. 3279. say, " the wind is all down alang."
A-Ttnowe he sat, and seyd, merci, ALANGE. Tedious ; irksome. In the Prompt.
Mine owen swerd take, belami.
Arthour and Merlin t p. 358.
Parv. p. 9, we have it in the sense of strange,
translated by extraneus, exotious.
AKSIS. The ague. In time of winter alange it Is ;
I lekyn uche a synfui soule to a seke man, The foules lesen her blis.
That is y-schakyd and schent with the aksis. Arthow and Merlin, p. 156.
Audelay's Poems, p. 47. The leves fallen of the tre,
AKSKED. Asked.
Rein alangeth the cuntre". Ibid. 4212.
And afterwardes the same Prate aJesTced me -what
newes I hade harde of Kynge Edward, and I an-
ALANGENES. Explained by Weber "single
bwered hyme, none at all. Arch&olog-ia, xxiii. 53.
life." In Prompt. Parv. p. 9, strangeness.
His serjaunts ofte to him come,
AKYR. An acorn. Aud of alangenes him undeniome,
The bores fedyng is propreliche y-cleped akyr of And [bade] him take a wif jolif,
ookys berynge and bukinast. MS. Bodl. 546. To solace with his olde lif. Sevyn Sages, 3736.
AL. Will. YorJcsh. In the North, we have the ALANTUM. At a distance. North. Kennett,
elliptical form for
ties the same a' I, he
for will.
/ will, and in other coun- MS. Lansd. 1033, gives the examples, " I saw
himatfl&m^wn," and, "I saw him alanfum off."
ALAAN. Alone. North.• the alaan
\ALAPT. This is the reading of one of the quartos
j in a passage in King Lear, i. 4, generally read
And thy Troyanes, to have and enhabite. ' attastfd. The first two folios read at task. If
Hardyng's Chronicle, f. 14. the word be correct, it probably agrees with
ALABLASTER. (1) A corrupt pronunciation the context if explained in the same way as
of alabaster, still common, and also an archaism. attasWd ; and the terra alapat, in the follow-
S ee the Monasticon, iv. 542 ; Wright's Monastic ing passage, seems used in a similar sense. All
Letters, p. 268. editors, I believe, reject alapt. The following
(2) An arbalest. work is erroneously paged, which I mention in
But surely they wer sore assauted, and marvey-
lously hurte with the shot of alablasters and crosse- case any one compares the original.
And because the seoet and privy boosome vices
howes, but they defended themselfes so manfully that
of nature are most offensive, and though least seene,
their enemies gat small advauntage at their handes.
Hall, Henry VI. f. 21. yet most undermining enemies, you must redouble
your endeavor, not with a wand to alapat and strike
ALABRE. A kind of fur. them, onely as lovers, loath to hurt, so as like a snake
And eke his cloke with alabre,
they may growe together, and gette greater strength
And the knottes of golde.
MS. Rawl. Poet. 137, f. 25. againe. Melton's Sire-fold Politician, p. 125.
ALAR AN. A kind of precious stone.
ALACCHE. To fell. (4.-N.) Here cropyng was of ryche gold,
The Frensche laid on with swerdis brijt, j Here parrelle alle of alaran i
And laiden doun hur fon,
Here brydyll was of reler bolde,
Alle that thai than alaccha mijt;
On every sicle hangyd bellys then.
Ther na ascapeden non. MS. Ashmvle 33, f. 41, MS. Lansd. 762, f. 24 =
A-LADY. Lady-day. Suffolk. ALARGE. To enlarge. Cf. Gen. ix. 27.
AL- ALONE. Quite alone. God alarge Japheth, and dwelle in the tabernaclis
The highe God, whan he had Adam maked, of Sem, and Chanaan be the sei vaunt of hym.
And saw him al alone belly naked. WicJeliffe, MS. Bodl. 277.
Chaucer, Cant* T. 9200 ALARGID. Bestowed; given.
ALAMIRE. The lowest note but one in Guido Such part in ther nativitie
Was then alargid of beautie.
Aretine's scale of music. See Skelton's Works, Chaucer's Dreame* 156.
ii. 279.
ALAND. (1) On land; to land. ALARUM. Rider explains alarum to be a " watch-
Where, as ill fortune would, the Dane with fresh word showing the neernesse of the enemies."
Was lately come aland. [supplies The term occurs constantly in the stage direc-
Drai/ton's PoL ed. 1753, p. 903 tions of old plays.
(2) A kind of bulldog. In Spanish alano. See ALAS-A-DAY. An exclamation of pity. Var.dial.
Ducange, in v. Alanus; Chaucer, Cant.T. 2150; ALAS-AT-E VER. An exclamation of pity. YorJcsh.
ALASSN. Lest. Dorset.
Ellis's Metr. Rom. ii. 359 ; Warton's Hist. Engl.
Poet. ii. 145. On a spare leaf in MS. Coll. ALAST. At last; lately. Cf. Ritbon's Anc.
Arm. 58, is written, " A hunte hath caste of a Songs, p. 9 ; Ileliq. Aiitiq. ii. 217.
 ALB 38 ALC
Whose hath eny god, hopeth he nout to holde, human species now called the Albino. See an
Bote ever the levest we leoseth alast. epitaph quoted hy Mr. Hunter in his additions
Wright's Pol. Songs, p. 149. to Boucher, in Y.
ALATE. (1) Lately. Cf. Percy's Reliques, p. 27 ; ALBIFICATION. A chemical term for making
Wright's Monastic Letters, p. 148. white. See Ashinole's Theat. Chem. Brit
Thy minde is perplexed with a thousand sundry
passions, alate free, and now fettered, alate swim- Our 168.
pp. 128, fourneis eke of calcination,
ming in rest. Greene's Gwydonius> 1593. And of wateres albifi cation.
Chaucer, Cant. T. 16273.
(2) Let. So at least the word is explained in
a glossary in the Archaeologia, xxx. 403. ALBLADE. See a list of articles in Brit. Bibl.
ALATRATE. To growl ; to bark. (Lett.) ii. 397.
Let Cerberus, the dog of hel, alatrate what he ALBLAST. An instrument for shooting arrows.
liste to the contrary. Both alblast and many a bow
Stubbed Anatomie of Abuses, p. 179. AVar redy railed opon a Minofs
row. Poems, p. 10.
ALAUND. On the grass.
Anone to forest they founde, Alle that myghte wapyns here,
Both with home and with hound, Swerde, alblastut, schelde or spere.
J/S. Lincttin A. i. 17, f. 115.
To breng the dere to the grond
Alaund ther they lay. Sir Degrevant, 492. ALBLASTERE. A crossbow-man. Sometimes
ALAWK. Alack; alas. Suffolk the crossbow itself.
ALAY. (1) To mix ; to reduce by mixing. Gene- That sauh an alblcistere ,- a quarelleLangtoft,
letc he flie.
p. 205,
rally applied
Debate, p. 59.to wines and liquors. SeeThynne's
With alblastres and with stones,
They slowe men, and braken bones.
(2) A term in hunting, when fresh dogs are sent Kyng Alisaw\dcr> 1211.
into the cry. ALBRICIAS. A reward or gratuity given to
With greyhounds, according my ladyes bidding, one that brings good news. (Span.)
I made the alay to the deere.
dlbiicias, friend, for the good news I bring you;
Percy's Faery Pastor 'all ', p. J50. All has fallen out as well as we could wish. i,Yv£r«,ii.
ALAYD. Laid low.
Socoure ows, Darie the kyng ! ALBURN. Auburn. Skinner. It is the Italian
Bote thou do us socoure, aUbumno, and is also Anglicised by Florio,
Alayd is, Darie, thyn honoure ! in v.
Kyvg Aliaaunder, 2386.
ALBYEN. The water, &c. • The meaning of the
ALAYDE. Applied. term will be found in Ashinole's Theat. Chcm.
But at laste kyng Knowt to hym alay&e
These wordes there, and thus to hym he sayde. Brit. p. 164.
Hardyng's Chronicle, f. 119. ALBYN. White.
ALAYNED. Concealed. The same gate or tower was set with compassed
The sowdan sore them affrayned images of auncient prynccs, as Hercules, Alexander
What that ther names were ; and other, hyentrayled woorke,rychely lymncd wyth
Rouland saide, and noght alayned, golde and albyn colours. H«M, Henry VUL f. 73,
Syr Roulande and sire Oiyvere. ALBYSI. Scarcely. The MS. in the Heralds'
MS. Douce 175, p. 37.
ALB ACORE. A land of fish. (Fr.) College
Tho was reads
Breteyn" this
urmethe."
lond of Romayncs almost lere,
The afbacore that followeth night and day Ac albysi were yt ten jer, ar heo here ajeyn were.
The flying £Uh, and takes them for his prey. Rob, Glouc, p. 81.
JBrit. JSibL ii. 482. ALCALY. A kind of salt.
ALBE. (1) Albeit ; although. Sal ttirtre, alcaiy, and salt preparat.
Chaucer, Cant. T. 16278.
Albs that she spake hut wordes fewe,
Withouten speche he shall the treuthe shewe. ALCAMYNE. A mixed metal. Palsgrave has
Lydgnte, MS. A&Umole 39, f. 46.
Jibe that he dyed in wretchednes. this form of the word, and also Pynscm's edi-
tion of the Prompt. Parv. Sec that work,
Bochas, b. iv. c. 13.
(2) A long white linen garment, worn by Roman p. 9; Union
Works, ii. 54. Inventories, p. 20; Skelton's
Catholic priests. See Peter Langtoft, p. 319, ALCATOTE. A silly fellow. Devon. In the
and gloss, in y. Exmoor Courtship, pp. 24, 28. ii is spelt
Mon in albe other cloth whit,
Of joie that is gret delit. Reliq. dntiq. i. 202. alJcitotle, and explained in the glossary, " a
ALBESPYNE. White-thorn. silly
Why,elf,you
or foolish oaf."art ignorant, unable trI0e in
know I am
And there the Jewes scorned him, and maden him such business ; an oaf, a simple akatate., an innocent.
a crowne of the braunches of albespyne, that is white Ford's Work*, ii. 212,
thorn, that grew in that same gardyn, and setteu it
ALCATRAS. A kind of sea-gull, (ltd.}
on his heved. Mattndevile's Ti-avels, p. 13, Ned Gylraan took an alcatragjt on the fliayn top-
ALBEWESE. AH over. mast yerdj. which ys a foolyah byrd, but good lean
Take a porcyown of fresche chese, rank meat. MS. Mit, 5008.
And wynd it in hony albewese. Most like to that sharp-sighted ateatra*,
jfrchceologia, xxx. 355. That beat* the air above the liquid glass.
ALBIAN. An old term for that variety of the Werfca, ed. 1748, p. 40JT.
 ALD 39 ALD
ALCE. Also. Sir F. Madden marks this as an ALDER-HIGHEST. Highest of all.
And alder-highest tooke astronomye
irregular form. See Ah.
Albmuaatd last withe her of sevyii,
The kyngkyssez the knyjt, and the whene alee,
With instrumentis that raught up into hevyn.
And sythen. mony sylcer knyst, that so;t hym to
haylce. Syr Gawayne, p. 91. r Lydgate's Minor Poems, p. 11.
ALDERKAR. A moist boggy place where
ALCHEMY. A metal, the same as Alcamyne,
alders, or trees of that Mnd grow. See Prompt
q.T. Four speedy cherubims Parv. pp. 9, 272. In the former place it is
Put to their mouths the sounding alchemy. explained locus uti aim et tales arlores
Paradise Lost, ii. 517. crescunt.
ALCHOCHODEN. The giver of life and years, ALDER-LAST. Last of all.
the planet which bears rule in the principal And alder-last, how he in his citee
places of an astrological figure, when a person Was by the sonne slayne of TholomS.
Rochas, h. v. c. 4.
is born. See Albnmazar, ii. 5,
ALCONOMYE. Alchemy. ALDER-LEEFER. Instances of this compound
Of thilke elixir whiche men calle in the comparative degree are very unusual.
Alconomye, which e is befalle An alder*leefer swaine I weene,
Of hem that whilom weren wise. In the barge there was not seeno,
Gotoer, MS. Sac* Antiq. 134, f . 120. Cobler of Canterburie, 1608, stg. E. ii.
ALD. (1) Old. ALDER-LEST. Least of all.
Princes and pople, aid and 5ong, Love, ayenst the whiche who so defendith
Himselvin moste, him aldirlest avalleth.
Al that spac with Duche tung. Minot'sPoenis^ p. 8* Troilus and Creseide, i. 605.
(2) Hold. ALDER-LIE FEST. DeaicstofalL This com-
Thof I west to be slayn,
I sal never aid te ogayrt. pound was occasionally used by Elizabethan
Guy of Warwick, MiddleMll MS, writers. See Collier's Annals of the Stage,
Curatus resident thai schul be, i.
And old houshold oponly.
262 ;
iii. 240. 2 Henry VI. i. 1 : Troilus and Creseide*
Au&elaifs Poems, p. 33.
ALDERLINGS. A kind of fish, mentioned in
ALDAY. Always. (Dan,} " Muifet's Treatise
They can afforce them alday, men may see, on Food, p. 175, and said by
By singular fredome and clominacion. him to he betwixt a trout and a gravling.
Bochas, b. i. c. 20. ALDER-LOWEST. Lowest of all. See a gloss
ALDER. (1) The older. in MS. Egertoa 829, f. 23, and Reliq.Antiq. i. 7.
Tims when, the aldw hir gati forsake,
ALDERMANRY. "The government of Stamford
The yoiiger toke hir to his rcul<e. Sei<yn Sages, 3729. was long before their mitten charter, held and
(2) According to Boucher, this is " a common used amongst themselves by an ancient pre-
expression hi Somersetshire for cleaning the scription, which was called the Aldermanry of
alleys the guild." — Butcher's Stamford, 1717, p. 15.
Iv. 371.in a potatoe ground." See Qu. Rev.
ALDERMEN*. Men of rank.
(3) Of all. Generally used with an adjective in Kny5tes and sqwyers ther schul bo,
the superlative degree. See the instances And other aldermen3 as je schul se.
Cows*, of Masonry, 414*
under alder and dither, compounded with
other words. ALDER-MEST. Greatest of all. Cf. Arthour
Of alle kiuges he is flour, and Merlin, p. 83 j Legeudae Catholics, pp.
That suffred deth for al mankin ; 170, 252.
He is our older Creatour 1 Leg, Cathol, p. 173. But aldinnost in honour out of dottte,
ALDER-BEST. Best of all. Cf. Prompt. Parv. Thei had a relicke hight PaHadJon,
TmiliH and Cresotde, \. 152.
pp. 9, 33 5 Gy of Warwyke, p. 22 ; Dreme of
Chaucer, 1279 ; Skelton's Works, ii. 63.
ALDERNE. The elder tree. Goats are said to
That all the best archers of the north
Sholde come upon a day, love alderne, in Topsell's Hist, of Fotire-footed
Beasts, p. 240.
And they that shoteth aldtrbeat ALDER-TRUEST. Truest of all.
The game shall bere away. Robin Bood,i. 51. First, English king, I humbly do request,
ALDERES. Ancestors.
That by your means our princess may unite
Of alderes, of atmes, of other aventures. Her love unto mine aldertruest love.
Syr Gawayne, p. 6. Greene's Wot-ks, ii, 156,
ALDER-FIRST. The first of all. Cf. Rom. ALDER-WE RST. Worst of all.
of the Rose, 1000; Troilus and Creseide, Ye don cms alderwerst to specie,
iii. 97. When that we hau mest nede.
That smertli schal smite the alderfrat dint. Gy of Waricflse, p. 128.
Will, and the Werwolf, p. 321. ALDER- WISIST. The wisest of all.
The SDudan forthwith aldvrfar&t - And trulliche it sitte well to be so,
On the Cristen smot wel fast, For aldvrwteist ban therwith ben ples€<L
Gy of Warwike, p. 123. Trotiua and Creseide, i. 247'
ALDER-FORMEST, The foremost of all. Cf. ALDES. Holds.
EtHs's Met, Rom. iii. 76, For whattt myn hert is so h-ampered an<! aides so
nobul. Win. and the Werwolf, p. 17.
'William- and themperour wontthealderforrnwt.
Wilt, (tn<t Werwolf, f , 176. ALDO. Although. East.
 ALE 40
ALE
AID REN. Elders. was frequently put into ale, being an aromatic
Thus ferden oure aldren bi Noees dawe, bitter. Gerard. It is not obsolete in the North.
Of mete and of drinke hi fulden here mawe.
MS. Bodl. 652, f. 1 ,
ALED. Suppressed. (A.-S.)
And sayde, Maumecet, my mate,
ALDRIAN. A star on the neck of the Hon. Y-blessed mote thou be,
Phebus hath left the angle meridional, For aled tho-w hast inuche debate
And yet ascending was the beste real, Toward thys barnee. MS. Mhmole 33, f. 1&
The gentil Lion, with his Adrian* ALED GE ME NT. Ease; relief. Skinner.
Chaucer, Cant. T. 10579. ALE -DRAPER. An alehouse keeper.
ALDYN. Holden; indebted. So that nowe hee hath lefts brokery, atid is be-
come a draper. A draper, quoth Freeman, what
Meche he je aldyn to the pore. MS. Douce 302, f. 20.
draper, of woollin or Imncn ? No, qd he, an ale-
ALE. (1) A rural festival. See Ale-feast. draper, wherein he hath more skil then in the other.
And all the neighbourhood, from old records Discoverie of t?ie Knig?its of the Poste, 1597.
Of antique proverbs, drawn from WMtsun lords,
And their authorities at wakes and ales. A-LEE. On the lee.
Ben Jonson's Tale of a Tub, pro!. Than lay the lordis a-lee with lasteof and
Depaf. with 1L
Richard charge.
p. 29.
(2)of Anthe ale-house. This is an unusual meaning
word. See Two Gent, of Verona, ii. 5 ; ALEECHE, Alike. So explained by Mr. Collier
in a note to Thynne's Debate, p. 20, " his gayne
Greene's Works,!. 116; Davies's York Records,
by us is not akeche" Perhaps we should read
p. 140 ; Lord Cromwell, iii. 1 ; Piers Plough- a leecTie, i. e. not worth a leech.
man, p.101.
When thei have wroght an oure ore two, ALEES. Aloe trees.
Anone to the ate thei wylle go. Of erberi and alecs,
MS. Ashmole 61, f. 25. Of alle maner of trees. Pisttil of Susan, st. i.
ALE -FEAST. A festival or rneny-makiag, at
(3) The meaning of the words beer and ale are which ale appears to have been the predomi-
R. Baker's
the reverse in different counties. Sir erroneous
verses on hops and beer are clearly , nant liquor. See an enumeration of them in
ale and beer having been known in England at Harrison's Desc. of England, p. 138 ; Brand's
a very early period, although hops were a later Pop. Antiq. i. 158-9, and the account of the
Whitsun-ale, in v. A merry meeting at which
introduction. See Warner's Antiq. Culin. p. 27.
ale and bred," ale was generally drunk, often took place after
Sir Thopas, 1. 13801, swears "on the representation of an old mystery, as in a
though this oath may be intended in ridicule. curious prologue to one of the fifteenth century
Ale was formerly made of wheat, barley, and
in MS. Tanner 407, f. 44.
honey. See Index to Madox's Exchequer, in v.
(4.) All. And lafft it with hem in raemore, ALEFT. Lifted.
Ac tho thai come thlder eft,
And to ale other pristis truly. Her werk was al up (deft.
drthvur and Merlin, p. 22.
Audelay's Poems, p. 69.
ALEBERRY. A beverage made by boiling ale A-LEFT. On the left.
For a-left half and a right,
with spice and sugar, and sops of bread. It
appears from Palsgrave to have been given to
invalids.
He leyd on and slough
jtlrthuurdown-right.
and filer lint p. 182.
They would taste nothing, no not so much as a
ALE GAK. Ale or beer which has passed through
poor ateberry* for the comfort of their heart.
the acetous fermentation, and is used in the
Becon's Works, p. 373. North as a cheap substitute for vinegar. It is
ALECCIOUN. An election. an old word. See the Forme of Cury, p. 5G.
And seyd, made is this ateccioun, ALEGE. To alleviate, 0/.-Ar.)
The king of heven hath chosen 5011 on. But if thei have sonic privilege,
Le £ 'entice Catholiceer p. 63. That of the paine hornRttm.
woll afategi*.
the tfntt, 662ft,
Besechyng you therfore to help to the resignacion
therofj and the kynges lettre to the byshop of ALE GEANCE. Alleviation. (^.-M) "Mteffyance,
Lincoln for the aleccion.
Wrigfifs Monastic Letters, p. 240. or softynge of dysese, aUeviacio" — Prompt.
ALECIE. Drunkenness caused by ale. Parv.
The p.twelfed
9. Cf-artecle
Chaucer's Dreame, that
es enoyntynge, 1 C88.mene
If he bad arrested a mare instead of a horse, it enoyntes the seke in pcrelle of dede for attfffanrt! of
had beene a slight oversight ; but to arrest a man, body and saule. MS. Lincoln* A, I 17. f. 202.
that hath no likenesse of a horse, is flat lunasie, or
ALEGGEN, To allege. (4.-N.) Sec Piers
alecie. Lyty's Mother JBomUe.
Ploughman, p. 207 ; Flor. and Blanch. 692 ;
ALECONNER. According to Kersey, "an officer GestaRomanorum,p.48; Rob. Olouc. p. 422.
appointed in. every court-leet to look to the Thus endis Kyng Arthure, us atictors a'efg**
assize and goodness of bread, ale, and beer." That was of Ectores blude, the kynge aone of
Cf. Middleton's Works, i. 174; Harrison's ALEGGYD. Troye. MS. Lincoln, A. i. 17» f. SB-
Description of England, p. 163. Alleviated. See Atege.
A nose he had that gan show
Peraventureje Tuay be alegfntdt
What liquor he loved I trow: And sun of joure sorow abreggyd.
For he had before long seven yeare, MS. Oarl. 1701, f. IS.
Beene of the towne the ale-conner. ALEHOOFE. Ground ivy. According to Gerard,
it was used in the making of ale. See Prompt,
Cflbler of Canterburie, 1608.
ALECOST. Costmary. So called, because it Parv, p. 250.
 ALE ALE
41
ALEICHE. Alike; equally. •was frequently placed at the top of the ale-
Laye fourth iche man ateicTis stake. See Bush. Hence may be explained
What he hath lefte of his livereye. the lines of Chaucer :
Chester Plays, i. 122. A garlond had he sette upon his hede,
ALEIDE. Abolished ; put down. As gret as it werin for an ale-stake.
Thes among the puple he put to the reaume, Urrtfs ed. p. 6.
Meide alle luther lawes that long hadde ben used.
, WHl. and the Werwolf* p. 188. "Which have been erroneously interpreted in
Do nom also ich have the seid, Warton's Hist. Engl. Poet. i. 56. But the
bush was afterwards less naturally applied, for
And alle thre sulen ben aleid.
Kennett tells us " the coronated frame of wood
MS. Digly 86, f. 126.
ALE-IN-CORNES. New ale. See Huloet's hung out as a sign at taverns is called a fatsh"
Abcedarium, 1552, in v. See his Glossary, 1816, p. 35. Cf. Hawkins*
I will make the drincke worse than good ale in Engl. Dram. i. 109 ; Chaucer, Cant. T. 12255 ;
the comes. Tfiersytes, p. 56. Reliq. Antiq. i. 14 ; Hampson's Calend. i. 281 ;
ALEIS. (1) Alas ! North. Skelton's Works, i. 320.
She as an ale-stake gay and fresh,
(2) Aloes. Half hir body she had away e-giff.
Cherise, of whiehe many one faine is, MS. Laud. 416, f. 56.
Notis, and (this, and bolas.
Rom. of the Rose, 1377. For lyke as thee jolye ale-house
Is alwayes knowen by the good ate-$tak6t
(3) Alleys. So are proude jelots sone perceaved, to,
Alle the aleis were made playne with sond.
By theyr proude foly, and wanton gate.
MS. Harl. 116, f. 147- Bansley's Treatise, p. 4.
ALEIYED. Alleviated; relieved. Surrey. ALESTALDER. A stallion. East Sussex.
ALEKNIGHT. A frequenter of alehouses. See
Cotgrave, in v. Beste; Florio, in v. Beone; ALESTAN-BEARER. A pot-boy. See Higins'
adaptation oftheNomenclator, p. 505.
Baret's Alvearie, in v. Ale ; Harrison's Descr. ALESTOND. The ale-house.
of Engl p. 170. Therefore at length Sir Jefferie bethought him of
ALEMAYNE. Germany. a feat whereby he might both visit the atestond,
Upon the londe of Alemayne. and also keepe his othe. Mar. Prelate's Epistle, p. 54.
Gawer, ed. 1532, f. 145. ALE-STOOL. The stool on which casks of ale
ALENDE. Landed. or beer are placed in the cellar. East.
At what haven thai alende,
ALET. (1) A kind of hawk. Howel says it is
Ase tit agen hem we scholle wende
With hors an armes brighte. the " true faucon that comes from Peru."
Rembrun, p. 428. (2) A small plate of steel, worn on the
ALENGE. Grievous. shoulder.
An alet enamelde he oches in sonrtire.
Now am I out of this daunger so alenge,
Wherefore I am gladde it for to persever. Morte Arthu.-e, MS. Lincoln, f. 80.
Complaynte of them that ben to late Maryed. (3) Carved, applied to partridges and pheasants.
ALEOND. By land. BoJce of Huntinge.
Warne thow every porte thatt noo schyppis a-ryve, ALEVEN. Eleven. Cf. Haitian d's Early Printed
Nor also aleond stranger throg my realme pas, Books at Lambeth, p. 322; Bale's Kynge Johan,
But the for there truage do pay markis fyve. p. 80 ; Minsheu, in v.
Sharp's Cov. Myst. p. 99. He trips about with sincopace,
ALE-POLE. An ale-stake, q. v. He capers very quicke ;
Another brought her bedes Full trimly there of seven a/even,
Of jet or of cole, He sheweth a pretty trickc.
To offer to the ale-pale. SSkeltorfa Works, i. 112. Galfrido and Bernardo, 1570.
ALE-POST. A maypole. West. I have had therto lechys aleven,
ALES. Alas! SeetheLegendaeCatholic8e,p.5. And they gave me medysins alle.
MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 46.
ALESE. To loose ; to free. (^.-5.) ALEW. Halloo.
To day thou salt alesed be. MS. Digby 86, f. 120.
Yet did she not lament with loude alew,
ALE-SHOT. The keeping of an alehouse within As women wont, but with deepe sighes and singulfs
a forest by an officer of the same. Phillips. few. Faerie Queene> V. vi. 13.
ALE-SILVER. A rent or tribute paid yearly to
ALE-WIFE. A woman who keeps an ale-house.
the Lord Mayor of London by those who sell See Tale of a Tub, iv. 2.
ale within the city. Mieye.
ALEXANDER. Great parsley. Said by Min-
ALE-STAKE. A stake set up before an alehouse,
sheu to be named from Alexander, its pre-
by way of sign. Speght explained it a maypole, sumed discoverer.
and hence have arisen a host of stupid blun-
ders ;but the ale-stake was also called the ALEXANDERJS-FOOT.
ALEXANDRYN.
PelUtory. Stumer.
Alexandrian work, .
maypole, without reference to the festive pole. Syngly was she wrappyd perfay.
See Tarlton's Newes out of Purgatorie, p. 56. With a mauntelle of hermyn,
Grose gives ale-post as a term for a maypole. Coverid was with Alexandryn.
See his Class. Diet. Yulg. Song, in v. and supra. MS. Rawl. C. 86, f. 121.
ALEXCION. Election.
Palsgrave, f. 17, translates it by " le moy d'une Be al&ncion of the lordys free,
taverne." From Dekker's Wonderful Yeare,
The erle toke they thoo. Erie of Toiw*, 1202,
1603, quoted by Brand, it appears that a bush
 ALG 42 ALI
ALEYD. Laid down. See Aleide. ALGE. Altogether. (4.-S.)
Do nou ase ichave the seyd, Sche muste thenne alge fayle
Ant alle thre shule ben aleyd To geten him whan he were deed.
With, huere foule crokes. Cower, MS. SM. Antlq. 134, f. 143.
Wrighfs Lyric Poetry, p. 105, ALGERE. A spear used in fishing. It is the
For al love, leman, sche seyd, translation of fuscina in the Canterbury MS.
Lete now that wille "be doun aleyd. of the Medulla. See a note in Prompt. Parv.
Legends Catholicce, p. 230,
ALEYE. An alley. (^.-JV.) ALGIFE.
p. 186. Although.
An homicide therto han they hired Eche man may sorow in his inward thought
That in an aleye had a privee place. This lordes death, whose pere is hard to fynd,
Chaucer) Cant. T. 13498. Mgife Englond and Fraunce Skelton's
were thorow
Works,saught.
i. 13.
ALEYN. Alone.
My lemrnan and I went forth aleyn. ALGRADE. A kind of Spanish wine.
Guy of Warwick, Middlehitt MS. Both algrade, and respice eke.
Sqmjr of Loive Degre, 75(J.
ALEYNE. (1) To alienate.
In case they dyde eyther selle or aleyne the same Osay, and algarde, and other 318.
y-newe..
Atorte Atthwet Lincoln, f. 55.
or ony parte therof, that the same Edwarde shulde
liave yt before any other man. ALGRIM. Arithmetic.
Wright's Monastic Letters, p. 86. The name of this craft is in Latyn algarsimm,
and in Englis algrim f and it is namid off sllgux,
(2)collections.
Laid down. So explained in Urry's MS. that is to say, craft, and rismus, that is, nounbre ;
and for this skille it is called craft of nounbringe.
MS. Cantab. LI. iv. 14.
ALF. (1) Half; part; side.
The Btutons to helpe her alf, vaste aboute were,
ALGUS. A philosopher frequently mentioned
Rob. Glouc. p. 212.
by early writers, as the inventor of Algorism.
(3) An elf; a devil. According to MS. Harl. 3742, he was Icing of
With his teth he con hit tug,
And alfe Rofyn begon to rug. Castile. Cf. MS. Arundel 332, f. 68.
MS. Douce 302, f. 11. ALHAFTE. See a list of articles in the Brit.
ALFAREZ. An ensign. (Span.) The term is Bibl. ii. 397.
used by Ben Jonson, and Beaumont and AL-HAL-DAY. All-hallows day, Nov. 1st. Caw.
Fletcher. According- to Nares, who refers to ALHALWE-MESSE. All-hallows.
MS. Harl. 6804, the word was in use in our The moneth of Novembre, after .ilftttlifcnic^sc,
army during the civil wars of Charles I. It That wele is to rcmcmbie, com kyng William alle
was also written alferes. fresse. Pt:tr,- Lanfftttft, p 145.
ALFEYNLY. Slothfully; sluggishly. Prompt. ALHALWEN-TYD. The feast of All-hallows.
Parv. Men shulle fynde but fcwc roo-bvikKys whan that
they be passed two jeor that thci no h.ive mt wed hure
ALFRIDAKIA. A term in the old judicial as- hecdjs by Alhalioentyd. Mti. Maul. 54fj,
trology, explained by Kersey to be " a tempo- ALHIDADE. A rule on the back of the astro-
rary power which the planets have over the
labe, to measure heights, breadths, and depths.
Hie of a person."
I'll find the ciisp and alfridaria, Seev.Blount's
iu Alidade. Glossographia, p. 18 ; Cotgrave,
And know what planet is in cazimi.
Albumazar, ii. 5.
ALHOLDE. " Alholde, or Gobelyn" i.s mentioned
ALFYN. (1) So spelt by Palsgrave, f. 1 7, and also in an extract from the Dialogue of Dives and
by Caxton, but see Aufyn. The alfyn was the Pauper, in Brand's Pop. Autui. i. 3.
bishop at chess. Is alfyns in Reliq. Antiq. i. AL-HOLLY. Entirely.
I have him told al halt!/ min estat.
83, a mistake for alkyns ? Clutuw, Cant. T. 7678.
(2) A lubberly fellow; a sluggard. ALHONB. Alone.
Now certez, sais syr Wawayne, myche wondyre
have I tllhone to the putte he hede. Kelly. Antiq. ii. 27&
That syche an alfyne as thow dare speke syche
ALIANT. An alien. Hitler.
wordez. Morte Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f. 67. ALIBER. Bacchus ; liher pater.
ALGAROT. A chemical preparation, made of AH be i', the gtul of wyne.
And Hercules of kynne thyne.
butter of antimony, diluted in a large quantity Kyng Aliaawidor, 2849.
of warm water, till it turn to a white powder. ALICANT. A Spanish wine made at ATicant,
in the province of Valencia. It is differently
ALGATES. Always ; all manner of ways ; how- spelt by our old writers. See Tyiaon, ed. Dycc,
ever ;at all events. Still in use in the North.
It is, as Skinner observes, a compound of all p. 39 he
Whan ; Higins'
had dronkeJuniua, p. 91.
ataunte
and gates, or ways. (A.-S.) Tooke's etymo- Both of Teynt and of wyne dttcaunt,
logy iswholly inadmissible. Cf. Diversions Till he was drrnmke as any «wyn», MS. Kawt. C . 86.
of Purley, p^ 94 ; Chaucer, Cant. T. 7013 ; AL1ED. Anointed.
Thynne's Debate, p. 36. He tok that bloxle that was »
These were ther uchou algate, And atied that ge»tU Juiight.
Amis and AmUQ*Wt
To ordeyae for these masonus astate.
Constitutions qfMunmry, p, 15. ALIEN. To alienate. Aom.
 ALK 43 ALL
ALIEN-PRIORY. A priory which was subordi- Then Robyn goes to Notyngham,
nate to a foreign monastery. See Britton's Hymselfe mornyng allone,
Arch. Diet, in v. Priory, And litulle Johne to mery Scherewcfte,
The pathes he knew aVkone.
A-LIFE. As my life ; excessively. See Win- MS. Cantab. Pf. v. 48, f, 125,

235, ter's
309, Tale, iv. 3 ; Bsaumont and Fletcher, iv. 55. ALKYMISTKE.
351.
An alchemist.
And whan this alkymistre saw his time,
ALIPED. Allowed. SJcinner. Riseth up, sirepreest, quod he, and siondeth by me.
Chaucer, Cant. T. IG672
ALIGHT. (I) Lighted ; pitched.
Opon sir Gy, that gentil knight, ALL. (1) Although.
Y-wis mi love is alle alight. All tell I not as now his observances.
Gy of Warmke, p. 270. Chaucer, Cant. T. 2266.
(2) To light; to kindle. Surrey. (2)sense
Entirely. Var. dial
of exactly. Spenser has it in the
ALINLAZ. Ananlace.
Or alinZazt and god long knif,
JBavclok, 2554. (3) " For all," in spite of.
That als he lovede leme or lif. Var dial " I'll do
it for all you say to the contrary."
ALIRY. Across. (A.-S.) MS. Rawl. Poet. 137, (4) "All that," until that. So explained by
and MS. Douce 323, read tilery ; MS. Douce Weber, in gloss to Kyng Alisaunder, 2145.
104 has olery; and MS. Rawl. Poet. 38 reads
alyry. (5) " ForAndgood and all/'
shipping entirely.
oars, to work theyNorth.
fall,
Somme leide hir legges aliry> Like men that row'd for good and all.
As swiche losels konneth, Cotton's WorkSi ed. 1734, p. 127.
And made hir nione to Piers,
(6) Each. Prompt. Parv.
And preide hyra of grace. ALL-A-BITS. All in pieces. North.
Pi e)s Ploughman, p. 124.
ALISANDRE. Alexandria. Cf. EUis's Met, ALL-ABO UT, " To get all about in one's head,"
Rom. ii. 36. to become light-headed. Herefordsh. \Ve
At Alisandre he was whan it was wonue.
Chaitcer, Cant. T.5I.
whole also
have " that's
of the all about it," i. e. that is the
matter.
ALISAUNDRE. The herb alexander, q. v. ALL-ABROAD. Squeezed quite flat. Somerset.
With alisaundre thare-to, ache ant anys. ALL-A-HOH. All on one side. Wilts.
Wright's Lyric Poetry, p. 26.ALL-ALONG. Constantly, Var. dial Ako
ALIJT. Alighted ; descended.
And deyde two hondred jer, " All along of," or " All along on," entirely
owing to.
And two and thretty ri3t,
After that oure swete Lord ALL-AMANG. Mingled, as when two flocks of
In his moder ali^t. MS. Coll. Trin. Oxon. 57. sheep are driven together. Wilts.
ALKAKENGY. The periscaria. See Prompt. ALL-AND-SOME. Every one; everything;
altogether.
Parv. p. 10; Higins's Junius, p. 125. Thereof spekys the apostell John,
ALKANET. The wild buglos. See the account In his gospcll all and some.
MS. Artmole 61, f. 83.
of it in Gerard's Herball, ed. Johnson, p. 799. We are betrayd and y nome !
It is also mentioned in an ancient receipt in'
the Forme of Cury, p. 29, as used for co- Horse and harness, lordsj all and sr>me.'
louring. Richard Coer de Lion, 2284,
ALKANI. Tin. Howell Thi kyngdam us come,
This is the secunde poynte al find &omf> !
ALKE. Ilk ; each. SIS. Douce m, f. 33.
Now. sirris, for your curtesy, ALLANE. Alone.
Take this for DO vilany, Hys men have the wey tane ;
But alke man crye 50 w * . . The Fee&t, xvi. In the forest Gye ys alla^e.
ALKENAMYE. Alchemy. (4.-N.) MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 174.
Yet ar ther fibicches in forceres
Of fele mennes makyng, ALL-AHMED. An epithet applied to Cupid in
Experimentz of alkenamye A Mids. Night's Dream, ii. 2, unnecessarily
The peple to decey ve-. Piers Ploughman, p. 186. altered to alarmed by some editors* as if the
ALKE RE. In the Forme of Cury, p. 120, is expression meant armed aH over, whereas it
given a receipt merely enforces the word armed. The ex-
ALKES. Elks. " for to make rys alkere" pression is used by Greene, and is found earlier
As for the plowing with ures, which I suppose to be in the Morte d' Arthur, i. 215.
unlikelie, because they are in mine opinion untame- ALL-AS-IS. " All as is to me is this," L e. all
able, and alJces, a thing comrnonlie used in the east I have to say about it. Herefordsh^
countries. Harrison's Descr, of JZrtgland, p. 226. ALL-A-TAUNT-0. Fully rigged, with masts,
ALKIN. All kinds. yards, &c. A sea term.
Dragouns and alkin depenes,
Fire, hail, snaweis. MS. Eodl. 425, f. 92. ALLAY. According to Kersey, to allay a phea-
For to destroy flesly delite, sant is to cut or carve it up at table. The sub-
And alkins lust of lichery. stantive as a hunting term was applied to the
MS. Sari 4196, f. 102. set of hounds which were ahead after the beast
ALKITOTLE. See Alcatote. was dislodged.
ALKONE. Each one. ALLAYMENT. That which has the power of
 ALL ALL
44
ALLEMAUNDIS. Almonds.
allaying or abating tlie force of something Therfore Jacob took grete 5erdis }f popelers, and
else. Shak.
ofattemaundis, and of planes, and hi party dideawey
ALL-B'EASE. Gently ; quietly. Herefordsh, the rynde. WieMffe, MS. Eodf. 277.
ALL-BEDENE. Forthwith. Cf. Minot's Poems, ALLEN. Grass land recently broken up. Suffolk.
p. 34; Havelok, 730, 2841; Coventr y Mys- Major Moor says, " unenclosed land that has
teries, p.4 ; Gloss, to Ritson's Met. Rom. been tilled and left to run to feed for sheep."
p. 360. ALLE-ONE. Alone; solitary.
Thane thay sayde al-bydene, Alle-one he leved that drery knyghte,
Bathe kynge and qwene,
And sone he went awaye.
US. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 100.
The doghtty knyght in the grene
Hase wonnene the gree.
Sir Degrevante, MS* Lincoln.
ALLER. (1) An alder tree. A common form of the
Whan thai were wasshen al-bedene, word, still used in the western counties. See
He set hym downe hem betwene. Florio, in v. AbiQf Holinshed, Hist. Ireland,
MS. Cantab. Ft V.48,f.l4. p. 1 78 ; Gerard's Herball, ed. Johnson, p. 1460.
ALL-BE-THOUGH. Albeit. Skinner.
(2) Of all. Adam
It iswas
thecure
gen.atler
pi. fader,
ALLE. Ale. See this form of the word in
Skelton's Works, i. 151; The Feest, v. It Piers Ploughman, p. 342.
And Eve was of hymselve.
old in the Towneley Myste-
ries, p.101. means
apparently Than thai it closed and gun hyng
Thaire alter seles thareby . MS. CM. Swn. xviii. (].
ALLECT. To allure ; to bring together ; to ALLER-FLOAT. A species of trout, usually
collect. (Lot.)
large and \vcll grown, frequenting the deep
I beyng by your noble and notable qualities holes of retired and shady brooks, under the
affected and encouraged, raoste hertely require your
helne, and humbly desyre your ayde. roots of the alter, or alder tree. North. It is
Hall's Union, 1548, Hen. IF. f. 27. also called the aikr-trout.
ALLECTIVE. Attraction; allurement. Seethe ALLER-FURST. The first of all.
Brit. Bibl. iv. 390. Tho, a!l«r-fur#t> he undurstode
For what better allectiue coulde Satan devise to That he wad ryght kyngis blod.
Kyng- Atisaunder, 15(j!>.
allure and bring men pleasantly into damnable servi-
tude. Northbrooke'3 Treatise, 1577- ALLER-MOST. Most of all.
ALLECTUARY. An electuary. To wraththe the God and paicn the fend hit
Alleetttary arrectyd to redres serveth allernmt. Wright'* Pol. Songs, p. a;«j.
These feverous axys. Slcelton'n War fa, i. 25. ALLERNBATCH. A kind of botch or old sore.
ALLEFEYNTE. Slothful; inactive. Prompt.Parv. Exmoor. Apparently connected with afters, a
Devonshire word for an acute kind of boil or
ALLEGATE. (1) To allege. See Peele's Works, carbuncle.
iii. 68 3 Skelton's Works, i. 356.
(2) Always; algate. (4.-S.) ALLERONE. Apparently the pinion of a wing»
Ac, allegate, thekynges in the following passage. Roquefort hasalerivn,
Loseu ten ageyns on in werrynges. a bii'd of prey.
KyngA<iMundert 6094.
Tak pympernolle, and stampc it, ami take the
ALLEGE. To quote ; to cite. jeuse therof, and do therto the grcse of the allerona
And for he wold his longe tale abrege,
He wolde non auctoritee allege. of the gose-wenge, and drope it in thync eghne.
MX. Lincoln. J/»-d. f. 2^3.
Chaucer, Cant. T. 9532.
ALLEGYAUNCE. Citation ; the act of quoting. ALLES. Very; altogether; all; even. Sec
Translated by allegacio, in Prompt. Parv. p. 9. Eob. Glouc. p. 17; llitson's Ancient Songs,
ALLE-HALWEK Allhallows. p. 7 ; Reliq. Antiq. ii. 170.
Here fest wol be, withoute nay, ALLESAD. Lost. (4.-S.)
After Alld-halwen the eyght day. Bisek him wij milde mod,
Const, of JMCasowy, p. 32.
That for ous allasad is blod.
MR. Kgtrtan C13, f, 2.
ALLE-HOOL. Entirely; exactly. See Beliq.
ALLE-SOLYNE-DAY. All Souls* Day. See
Antiq. i. 151 ; Sir H. Dryden's Twici, p. 38.
J.HQ answers to omnino, and strictly speaking, MS. Harl.ii. 2391,
darium, 11, quoted in Hampson's Kalen*
cannot grammatically be used in composition.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 24. See ALLETHER. Gen. pi. of nil
Than doth he dye for cure alltsther good.
Cw. jKyti. p* 14.
ALLELUYA. The wood-sorrel. Gerard. ALLETHOW. Although.
ALLE-LYKELY. In like manner. Prompt.Parv. Torrent thether toke the way,
ALLEMAIGNE. A kind of solemn music, more Werry alkthow he Torrent
were. f)f Portugal, p 10,
generally spelt Almain, q.v. It is also the
name of several dances, the new allemaigne, ALLETOGEDERS. Altogether.
Into the water he cast his shcld,
the old, the queen's allemaigne, all of which Croke and alletogeden it hfkl.
are mentioned in MS. Rawl. Poet. 108, and the Torrent of Portugal, p. 68,
figures given. See Brit. Bibl. it 164, 610. ALLEVE. Eleven.
ALLEM ASH-DAY. Grose says, i. e. AUumage- Ethulfe in that ilke rnanere,
dayr the day on which the Canterbury silk- Wonned at Rome attevt jere.
weavers began to work by candle-light. Kent. JfiV. Cantab. Ft, v, 48, f. 99.
 ALL
ALL <
ALLEVENTHE. The eleventh. ALL-I-BITS. All in pieces. North.
The attewnffie wyntur was witturly ALLICHOLLY. Melancholy. Shakespeare uses
Ther aftir, as telleth us me to dy. this word, put into the mouths of illiterate
Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 13.
persons, in Two Gent, of Verona, iv. 2, and
ALLE-WELDAND. Omnipotent. Merry Wives of Windsor, i. 4. See Collier's
That I before Gode alteweldand
Weme in the liht of livyand.
Shakespeare, i. 148, 197, where the word is
MS. Sodl. 425, f. 27. spelt two different ways.
ALLEY. The conclusion of a game at football, ALLICIATE. To attract. (Lat.)
Yea, the very rage of humilitie, though it be
•when the ball has passed the bounds. YorkaJi. most violent and dangerous, yet it is sooner alhciateA
A choice taw, made of alabaster, is so called by ceremony than compelled by vertue of office.
Brit. Mbl. ii. 1B6.
by boys. See the Pickwick Papers, p. 358,
ALLEYDE. Alleged. ALLIENY. An alley ; a passage in a building.
With alle hire herte sehe him preyde,
And many another cause alley de, See Britton's Arch. Diet, in v. Alley.
That he with hire at horn abide. ALLIGANT. A Spanish wine. See Alicant.
Gawer, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 115. In dreadful darkenesse Alligant lies drown'd,
Which marryed men invoke for procreation.
ALLE-3IF- Although. SzzAtte-hool. Pasquifs Patinodia, 1634.
Y wyl make jow no veyn carpyng,
ALLIGARTA. The alligator. Ben Jonson uses
Alle jtf hit myjte som men lyke. this form of the word in his Bartholomew
MS. BodL 48, f. 47,
Fair, ii. 1.
ALL-FOOLS-DAY. The first of April, when a ALL-IN-A-CHARM. Talking aloud. Wilts.
custom prevails of making fools of people by
sending them on ridiculous errands, &c. whence ALL-IN-ALL. Everything. Shakespeare has the
phrase in a well-known passage, Hamlet, i. 2,
the above name. See further in Brand's Pop. and several other places.
Antiq. i. 76. The custom seems to have been In London she buyes her head, her face, her
borrowed by us from the French, but no satis- fashion. O London, thou art her Paradise, her
factory account of its origin has yet been given. heaven, her all-in-all I Tufa on Painting, 1616, p.6'0.
ALL-POURS. A well-known game at cards, said Thou'rt all in all, and all in ev'ry part.
by Cotton, in the Compleat Gamester, ed. 1709, Clobery's Divine Gtimpses, p. 75.
p. 81, to be "very much played in Kent." The phrase all in allwith, meant very intimate
ALL-GOOD. The herb good Henry. Gerard. or familiar with. See Ho well's Lexicon, in v.
ALLHALLOWN-SUMMEK. Late summer. In ALL-IN-A-MUGGLE. All in a litter. Wilts.
1 Henry IV. i. 2, it simply appears to mean an ALLINE. Anally.
old man, with youthful passions. "Wisdom is immortality's alline,
ALTJ3 ALLOWS. Satirically written by Heywood And immortality is wisdom's gain.
Middletori'.i Worts, v. 394.
as a single saint. See Ms play of the Foure PP,
1569, and the following passage : ALLINGE. Totally; altogether. (A.-S.) Cf.Const.
Here is another relyke, eke a precyous one, of Masonry, p. 37 ; Ritson's Ancient Songs, p. 7;
Of Att-helowes the blessyd jaw-bone, Ilob. Glouc. p. 48faired
; Maundevile's Travels, p. 189.
Which relyke> without any fayle, For hire and hire chere,
Agaynst poyson chefely dothe prevayle. Ich hire bou^te allinge so dere.
Pardoner and the Frere, 1533. Ffor. and Blanch. 674.
Ich hote that thou me telle,
ALL-HEAL. The herb panax. See Gerard's Nouthe thou art allingues here,
Herball, ed. Johnson, p. 1004; Florio, inv. MS. Laud. 108, f. 127
Achilea.
ALL-IN-ONE. At the same time.
ALL-HID. According to Nares, the game of But all in one to every wight,
hide-and-seek. It is supposed to be alluded There was sene conning with estate.
to in Hamlet, iv. 2. See Hide-Fox. It is Chaucer's Dreams, 670.
mentioned by Dekker, as quoted by Steevens ; ALL-IN-THE-AVELL. A juvenile game in
but Cotgrave apparently makes it synonymous Newcastle and the neighbourhood. A circle is
with Hoodman-blind, in v. Clignemusset, Cline- made about eight inches in diameter, termed
mucette. Cotgrave also mentions Harry-racket, the well, in the centre of which is placed a
which is the game of hide-and-seek. See wooden peg, four inches long, with a button
Hoodman-blind. "A sport calTd all-Md, which balanced on the top. Those desirous of playing
is a meere children's pastime," is mentioned give ing"buttons, marbles, or anything
in A Curtaine Lecture, 12mo, Lond. 1637, to agreement, for the privilege else, accord-
of throwing
p. 206. See also Hawkins' Engl. Dram. iii. 187; a short stick, with which they are furnished,
Apollo Shroving, 1627, p. 84. at the peg. Should the button fly out of the
ALL-HOLLAND'S-DAY. The Hampshire name ring, the player is entitled to double the stipu-
for lated value of what he gives for the stick. The
and All Saints'
called AU Day, whencakes.
Holland plum-cakes are made
Middleton uses game is also practised at the Newcastle races,
the 283,
wordv. twice and other places of amusement in the north,
ii. 282. in this form. See his "Works, with three pegs, which are put into three cir-
ALLHOOVE. Ground ivy. cular holes, made in the ground, about two feet
ALLHOSE. The herb horsehoof. See Florio, apart, and forming a triangle. In this case
inv. each hole contains a peg, about nine inchei
 ALL > ALM
long, upon which are deposited either a small ALLOWED. Licensed. An " allowed fool" is
knife or some copper. The person playing a term employed by Shakespeare in Twelfth
gives so much for each stick, and gets all the Night, i. 5. In Hollyband's Dictionarie, 1593,
articles that are thrown off so as to fall on the mention is made of "an allowed cart or
outside of the holes.
ALLISON. The wood-rose. So at least Flor-io ALL-PLAISTER. Alablaster. JorJesh.
seems to understand it, in v. Alisso, chariot."
ALLS. (1) Aries, q. v. North.
ALL-LANG-QFF. Entirely owing to. North. (2) Also. (A-S.)
That I have no childe hidur tille, Thare was crakked many a crowne
Hit is al-longe-on Goddes wille. Of wild Scottes, and alls of tame.
Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 64. Minot's Poems, p. 4.
Therby wist thei it was alle
Longe one her, and not one Landavalle.
ALL-SALES. All times. Suffolk. " Sales" is
of course merely a form of cele or sele. See
MS. Rawl. C. 86, f. 124.
Prompt. Parv. p. 65.
ALL-LOVE S . The phrase of all loves, or for all ALL- SEED. The orach. Skinner.
loves, i. e. by all means, occurs twice in ALL-SEER. One who sees everything. S7ia&.
Shakespeare, and occasionally in contemporary ALL-THE-BIRDS-IN-THE-AIR. A Suffolk
writers. The earliest instance I have met with
is in the romance of Ferumbras, below quoted. game. See Moor's Suffolk Words, p. 238V.
where another game is mentioned called all-
Other examples are given in Boswell's Malone, the-fishes-in-the-sea.
viii. 82 ;^and Nares, in v. Loves.
And saide to him she moste go ALL-TO. Entirely. In earner writers, the to
To viseten the prisoueris that daye, would of course be a prefix to the verb, but
And said, sir, for alle loves, the phrase ail-to in the Elizabethan writers
Lete me thy prisoneres seen ; can scarcely be always so explained.
I wole the gife both golde and gloves, Mercutio's ycy hand had al-to frozen mine.
And counsail shalle it bene. Middlehill MS. Romeus and Juliet, 1562.
Alack, where are you? speak, an if you hear I ALL-TO-NOUGHT. Completely. Var. dial.
Speak, of all loves! I swoon almost with fear. ALL-TO-SMASH. Smashed to pieces. Somerset.
A Wds. Nlffhfa Dream, ii. 2
ALL-MANNER-A-WOT. Indiscriminate abuse. The phrase is not peculiar to that county. A
Lancashire man, telling his master the mill-
Suffolk.
ALLMEES. Alms. East Sussex. See the ex- dam had burst, exclaimed, " Maister, maister,
ample under ALmesse. dam's brossen, and aw's to-smash !"
ALLUTERLY. Altogether ; wholly.
ALL-OF-A-HUGH. All on one side. Suffolk.
As yf thy love be set alhtturly
ALL-OF-A-ROW. A child's game; Suffolk. Of nice lust, thy travail is in vain.
ALLONGE. All of us. Somerset. MS. Seld. ArcJi. B. 24.
ALLONELI. Exclusively. 'Cf. Wright's Mo- ALLUVION. A washing away. (Lai.)
nastic Letters, p. 126 ; Supp. to Hardyng, f. 44 ;
ALL-WATERS. " I am for all wafers" i. e. I
Prompt. Parv. p. 54; Maundevile's Travels, can turn my hand to anything. A proverbial
p. 8 ; Morte d'Arthur, ii. 427 ; Hall, Edw. IV. expression used by the clown in Twelfth
f. 12 ; Patteme of Painefull Adventures, p. 239 ;
Minot's Poems, pp. 133, 152. Night, The
ALLY. iv. 2.aisle of a church. Var. dial.
Now wold I fayne sum myrthis make,
Alle-oneli for my ladys sake. MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6.
ALLYFE. Although. This form of the word
We spered nojte the 5ates of citee to that ententoccurs in a letter dated 1523, in Monast.
for to agaynestande the, bot allarily for the drede Angl. iv. 477.
of Darius, kyng of Perse. ALL-Y-FERE. Altogether.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 10.
And hurre lappe was hole ajpyn
Chron.till-y-fere.
Vilodun. p. 74.
ALL-ON-END. Eager; impatient. Somerset.
ALLOTTERY. An allotment, Shak.
ALLOUS. All of us. Somerset. ALMAIN. (1) A German.
Upon the same pretence, to furnish them a band
ALL-OUT. Entirely; quite. Minsheuhasitfor Of Jlmains, and to them for their stout captain gave
a carouse, to drink all out. - Cf. Rob. Glouc. The valiant Martin Swart.
pp. 26, 244 ; Rom. of the Rose, 2101. Still Drayton, ed. 1753, p. 1102.
in use in the former sense in the north of (2) A kind of dance. A stage direction in
England and in Scotland. Peek's Works, i. 28, is, " Hereupon did enter
Thane come theise wikkyde Jewes, and whene nine knights in armour, treading a warlike
they sawe thise two thefes that hang by oure Lorde
one-lyfe, they brake theyre thees, and slewe theme almain, by drum and fife."
ALMAIN-LEAP. A dancing leap; a kind of
alle-Qwte, an'd caste theme vilainely into a dyke. jig. See Florio, in v. Chiarantdna.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 184.
Skip with a rhyme on the table from New-Nothing,
ALL-OVERISH. Neither sick nor well. Var. And take his almain-leap into a custard.
dial. Devil is an Ass, i. 1.
ALLOW. To approve. A Scripture word. See ALMAIN-RIVETS. Moveable rivets. The term-
Romans,xiv. 22; Baret'sAlvearie, inv. Perhaps was applied to a light kind of armour, " so
connected with alowe, to praise. (A.-N.) called," says Minsheu, "because they be
ALLOWANCE. Approbation. Shaft. rivetted, or buckled, after the old Alman
 47

ALM ALM
ALMESTE. Almost.
fashion." See Test. Vetust. p. 622 ; Holinshed, And as he priked North and Est,
Hist. Ireland, p. 56 ; Sharp's Cov. Myst. I telle it you, him had almeste
p. 195. Betidde a sory care. Chaucer, Cant. T. 13008,
ALMAN. A kind of hawk, mentioned by
Howell, and also called by him the Dutch ALMICANTARATH. An astrological word,
falcon. meaning a circle drawn parallel to the horizon.
ALMANDIN. Made of almond. Digges has the word in his Stratioticos, 1579,
And it was an almandin wand, applied to dialling. Cf. Brit. Bibl. iv. 58 ;
That ilk frut tharon thai fand, Chaucer on the Astrolabe, ed. Urry, p. 441.
Alraandes was groun tharon. Meanwhile, with scioferical instrument,
MS. Cott. Vespas. A. iii. f . 39. By way of azimuth undalmicantarath.
Albumazar, i. 7.
ALM AND -MILK. Almonds ground and mixed ALMODZA. An alchemical term for tin. It is
with milk, broth, or water. See an old re-
ceipt inWarner's Antiq. Culin. p. 5. so employed by Charnocke in an early MS. in
ALMANDRIS. Almond-trees. my possession.
And trees there werin grete foison, ALMOND-FOR-A-PARROT. A kind of prover-
That berin nuttes in ther seson,
bial expression. It occurs in Skelton's Works,
Suche as menne nutemiggis y-call,,
That sote of savour ben withall ; ii. 4 ; Webster's Works, iii. 122. Nash and
Wither adopted it in their title-pages. Douce,
And of almandria grete plente1, in his MS. additions to Ray, explains it " some
Figgis, and many a date tre.
Rom. of the Rose, 1363. trifle to amuse a silly person/'
ALM ANE -BE LETT. A part of armour, men- ALMOND-FURNACE. " At the silver mills in
Cardiganshire, they have a particular furnace
tioned inan account of Norham Castle, temp.
Hen. VIII. in Archscologia, xvii. 204. in which they melt the slags, or refuse of the
ALMANY. Germany. lithurge not stamped, with charcoal only,
Now Fulko comes, that to his brother gave which
MS. Lansd.they call the almond furnace." Kenneit,
1033.
His land in Italy, which was not small,
And dwelt in Almany. ALMOND -MILK. .The Latin amigdolatum is
Harrington's Ariosto, 1591, p. 19. translated by almond-mylke in MS. Bodl. 604,
ALMARIE. A cupboard ; a pantry ; a safe. f. 43. See Almand-milk.
See Kennett's Gloss. MS. Lansd. 1033. The ALMONESRYE. The almonry. In a fragment
North country word aumbry seems formed of a work printed by Caxton, inDouce's Col-
from this. It is glossed by the French ameire, lection, the residence of our earliest printer is
in MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab. B. xiv. 40. Cf. stated to be at " the almonesrye at the reed
Prompt. Parv. pp. 10, 109, 315; Becon's
Works, p. 468. In the latter place Becon ALMOSE. Alms. Cf. Hall, Edward IV. f. 11 ;
quotes Deut. xxviii. 17, where the vulgate Becon's Works, p. 20.
reads basket ; a reference which might have He bad hir love almose dede.
Legenda Catholicce, p. 53.
saved the editor's erronious note. Howel has And therto glide in alle thynge,
the proverb, " There is
Ther avarice hath almaries,God in the almery" Of almuus dedea and gude berynge.
MS. Lincoln, A, i. 17, f. 115.
And yren bounden cofres. pale."
Piers Ploughman, p. 288. ALMOYN. Alms.
For freres of the croice, and monk and chanoun,
ALMARIOL. A closet, or cupboard, in which Haf drawen in o voice his feea to ther almoyn.
the ecclesiastical habits were kept. See Brit- Peter Langtoft, p. 239.
ton's Arch. Diet, in v. Armarium. ALMS -DRINK. " They have made him drink
ALMATOUR. An almoner.
After him spak Dalmadas, alms-drink" an expression used in Anthony
A riche almatour he was. Kywg AKsaunder, 3042. and Cleopatra, ii. 7, to signify that liquor of
another's share which his companion drinks to
ALMAYNE. Germany. - ease him.
Thane syr Arthure onone, in the Auguste theraftyre,
Euteres to Almayne wyth ostez arrayed. ALMSMAN. A person who Eves on alms. See
Xlorte Arthure, MS. Lincoln , f. 78. Richard II. iii. 3. In Becon's Works, p. 108,
the term is applied to a charitable person.
ALME. An elm. (pan.) " Askes of alme-barke" ALMURY. The upright part of an astrolabe.
are mentioned in a remedy for "contrarius
hare" in MS. Lincoln. Med. f. 282. See Chaucer's treatise on the Astrolabe, ecL
ALMESFULLE. Charitable. It is found in
Urry, p. 442,
Pynson's edition of the Prompt. Parv. See ALMUSLES. "Without
For thef i$ reve, the londalms.
is penyl«s;
Mr. Way's edition, p. 10.
I was chaste enogh, abstinent, and almesfulle, and For pride hath sieve, the lond is <zfow«*&*.
for othere [th]yng I ame note dampned. Wrighfs Pol. Bongs, p. 255.
MS. Harl. 1022, f. 1.
ALMESSE. Alms, Cf. Prompt. Parv. p. 117. ALMUTE. A governing planet. An astrolo-
And thus ful great almesse he dede* Oneterm.that by YIem and Aldeboran,
gical
Wherof he hadde many a bede. With the (Llmvtes, can tell anything.
Gower, ed. 1532, f. 35. Randolph* Jealow Lovers, 1646, p. 64.
 ALO 48 ALO
ALMYFLUENT. Beneficent. A-LOGGIT. Lodged. (A<-S.)
And we your said humblie servants shal evermore I am a-loggit, thought he, best, howsoevir it goon.
Chaucer, ed. Urry, p. 597
pray to the almy fluent God for your prosperus estate.
DavieJs York Records, p. 90, A-LOGH. Below. (A.-S.)
Lewed men many tymes
ALMYS-DYSSHE. The dish in the old baro- Maistres thei apposen,
nial hall, in which was put the bread set aside
Why Adam ne hiled noght first
for the poor. His mouth that eet the appul,
And his alvnys-dysshe, as I jou say,
To the porest man that he can fynde, Rather than his likame a-logh.
Piers Ploughman, p. 242.
Other ellys I wot he is unkynde.
BoTce of Cwtasye, p. 30. ALOMBA. Tin. Howell.
ALMY3HT. All-powerful. ALONDE. On land.
Pray we now to God almypit, For the kende that he was best,
And to hys moder Mary bryjht, Alonde men he gnouj. MS. CM. Trin, Oxon, 57,
That we mowe keepe these artyculus here. ALONG. (1) Slanting. Oscon.
Const, of Masonry, p. 31
(2) Used in somewhat the same sense as " all
ALNATH. The first star in the horns of Aries, along of," i. e. entirely owing to, a provincial
whence the first mansion of the moon takes
its name. I can not tell wheron it was along,
And by his eighte speres in his werking, But wel I wotgret strif is us among.
phrase.
He knew ful wel how fer Alnath was shove Chaucer, Cant. T. 16398.
Fro the hed of thilke fix Aries above,
That in the ninthe spere considered is. Here I salle the gyve alle myn heritage,
(3) Long.
Chaucer, Cant. T. 11593. And als along as I ly ve to be in thin ostage-
Peter Langtoft, p. 19G.
ALNER. A purse, or bag to hold money. (A.-N.)
I wyll the yeve an alner, (4) The phrases up along and down along answer
I-mad of sylk and of gold cler, sometimes to up the street and down the
Wyth fayre y mages thre. Launfal, 319. street. The sailors use them for up or down
Helokede yn hys alner, the channel. Sometimes we hear to go along,
That fond hym spendyng all plener,
Whan that he hadde nede, the words with me being understood.
And ther nas noon, for soth to say. Ibid. 733. ALONGE. To long for. Cf. Richard Goer de
Lion, 3049, 3060 ; Piers Ploughman, p. 526.
ALNEWAY. Always. See the extracts from Alle thouj my wit be not stronge,
the Ayenbite of Inwit, in Boucher. It is noujt on my wille alonge,
ALNIL. And only. For that is besy nyjte and day
Sertis, sire, riot ic nojt ; To lerne alle that he lerne may.
Ic ete sage alnil gras, Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq, 134, f. 109
More harm ue did ic nojt. This worthy Jason sore alongeth
Wright's Pol. Songs, p. 201. To se the straunge regionis. Ibid. f. 147.
ALOD. Allowed. He goth into the boure and wepeth for blisse ;
Therfor I drede lest God on us will take venjance, Sore he is alonged his brethren to kisse.
For syn is now alod without any repentance. MS. Bodl. 652, f. 9.
Towneley Mysteries, p. 21.
ALONGST. Along ; lengthwise. Somerset. See
ALOES. An olio, or savoury dish, composed of early instances in Holinshed, Hist. Engl.
meat, herbs, eggs, and other ingredients,
something similar to the modern dish of olives. pp. 24, 146; Dekker's Knight's Conjuring,
1607, repr, p. 46.
The receipt for aloes is given in the Good ALOORKE, Awry ; out of order. (Tsl}
Housewife's Jewel, 1596. See also Cooper's His heed in shappe as by natures worke,
Elyot, in v. Tucetum. Not one haire amisse, or Jyeth akorke.
ALOFEDE. Praised. (A.-S.) MS. Lansd. 208, (quoted in Boucher.)
Now they spede at the spurres, withowttyne A-LORE. Concealed.
speche more, Whereof his schame -was the more,
To the marche of Meyes, theis manliche knyghtez, Whiche oujte for to ben a-lore.
That es Lorrayne alofede, as Londoue es here. Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 132.
Morte Arthwe, MS. Lincoln, f. 79.
A-LORYNG.
ArchitecturalA Nomenclature,
parapet wall. p. See33. Willis's
It is
ALOFT. " To come aloft," i. e. to vault or play
the tricks of a tumbler.
merely another form of alure, q. v.
Do you grumble ? you were ever
ALOSED. Praised; commended. Cf. Rob.
A brainless ass ; but if this hold, I'll teach you
To come aloft, and do tricks like an ape. Glouc. p. 450 ; Rom. of the Rose, 2354. (A.-N.}
Ones thou schalt justi with me,
Masdnger's Bondman, 1624, iii. 3.
As knight that wele alosed is.
A-LOFTE. On high. (A.-S.) Gy of Warivike, p. 64,
Leve thow nevere that yon light
Hem a-lofte brynge, So that he blgon at Oxenford of di vinite ;
Ne have hem out of helle. So noble alosed ther nas non in all the universete.
Piers Ploughman, p. 378. MS. Aahmole 43, f. 180.
iLOGE. To lodge ; to pitch. (A.-S.) ALOSSYNGE. Loosing; making loose. See
On that ich fair roume the early edition of Luke, c. 19, quoted by
To aloge her paviloun. Kichardson, in v. Alosing,
Arthoitr and Merlin, p. 298. ALOST. Lost. Somerset.
 49

ALS
AI.OUGII. Below. SeeAlogh. ALPUpH. Ahalfpenny-worth, SeeMonast
And wiliest of briddes and of beestes, Angl. i. 198. We still say hapurth in common
And of hir bredyng, to knowe
Why some be alough and some aloft, parlance.
ALBE-BEST. The best of all. Cf. Wright's
Thi likyng it were. Piers Ploughman, p. 241.
For v?hen je 104. alrebest
Lync Poetry, p. weneth
ALOUR. Arialure, q. v.
Alisaunder rorneth in his touu, (A.-S~)
For to wissen his masons,
ALRE-MOST. Most of all.
< ...
The touris to take, and thetorellig, A r -nThe -nflour of chy valarie now have y lost,
Vawtes, alouris,. and the corneris. In wham y trust to abemost.
Kyng Alisaunder, 7210.
Into her thai
cite* asembled
thai ben y-gon, ALEE-WORST. The worst of ai
Togider hem ichon,
Mon, thou havest wicked fon,
And at the alours thai defended hem, Tlie alre-wcrst is that on.
And abiden bataile of her fomen.
Gy r>f Warwike, p. 85.
ALRICHE
A T -^T^rT-^,. An t ancientWrights
name Lyric
for a Poetry,
dog. Itp. 104.
oc-
ALOUTE. To bow. (A.-S?) Cf. Piers Plough- curs inMS. Bib. Keg. 7 E. iv.f. 163.
man, p.495 ; Lybeaus Bisconus, 1254.
And schewede hern the false ymagfcs, ALS. Also ; as ; likewise ; in like manner. The
And hete hem aloute ther-to. Dorset dialect has al's, a contracted form of
MS. Coll. Trin. Qscon. 57.
This gret ymage never his heed enclyne, all this. (A.-S.*)
He made calle it one the morne,
But he alout upon the same nyjte. Ala his fadir highte byf orne.
Perceval, Lincoln MS. f. 162.
Lydgate, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 15.
Alle they schalle alowte to thee, ALSAME. Apparently the name of a place.
Yf thou wylt alowte to me.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii, 38, f. 38. With towels MS.
The Cambridge reads " Eylyssham."
of Alsame,
ALOW. Halloo. Whytte als the see fame,
Pillicock sat on pillicock hill ; And sanappis of the same,
AlQW) alowt loo> loo ! Served thay ware.
King Lear, ed. 1623, p. 297. Sir De&'evante, MS. Lincoln.
ALOWE. (1) Low down. (A.-S.) Cf. Court of ALSATIA.. A jocular name for the Whitefriars,
which was formerly an asylum or sanctuary for
Love, 1201
Great. Moral,; Tusser's
p. 2. "Works, p. 101 ; Dial. insolvent debtors, and persons who had of.
Do we, sayden he, fended against the laws. ShadwelTs comedy
Nail we him opon a tre
Alotue, of the Squire of Alsatia alludes to this place ;
and Scott has rendered it familiar to all readers
Ac arst we sullen scinin him
Ay rowe. Reliq. Antiq. i. 101,
by his Fortunes of Nigel.
ALSAUME. Altogether.
(2) To humble. Wyatt. He cursed hem there <s&aw?ne,
(3) To praise ; to approve. (A.-N.) As they karoled on here gaume.
Cursyd be he that thy werk alowel MS. Hart. 1703, f. 60.
Richard Coer de Lion, 4662.
ALOYNE. To delay. (A.~N.)
ALSE. (1) Alice. In the ancient parish re-
That and more he dyd aloyne, gister ofNoke, co. Oxon.,is the following entry:
And ledde hem ynto Babyloyne. " Alse Merten was buried the 25. daye of
MS. Soil. 415.
ALOYSE. Alas ! So explained by the editors. (2)June, 1586."
Also, (A.-S.)poynt techyth us alse,
The fowrthe
A kind of precious stone so called is mentioned That no mon to hys craft be false,
in the Book of St. Albans, sig. F. i. Const, of Masonry* p. 23.
Aloyse> aloyse, how pretie it is !
bamon, and Pithias, 1571, (3) As.Fore(A.-S.}
alse mon6 as je may myn.
ALPE. A bull-finch. East. Eay says it was in Audelay's Poems, p. 74.
general use in his time. It is glossed by ALSENE. An awl. It is found in MS. Aiundel,
ficedula in Prompt. Parv, p. 10. 220, quoted in Prompt. Par?, p. 138, Elsin i»
There was many a blrde singing, still used in. the North of England in the same
Thoroughout the yerdeall Ihringing ;
In many placis nightingales, sense. Mr. Way derives it from French alenef
And alpes, and finches, aad wade-wales. but perhaps more probably Tent, aelsene, su-
Rom. of the Row, 658. bula. See Brockett, in T. JEbin. Jamiesoa
ALPES-BON. Ivory. gives alison as still in use in the same sense.
Thai made hir body bio and blac, ALSO. (1) Als ; as. It occurs occasionally in
That er was white so alpes-bon. later writers, as in the Triall of Wits, 1604,
Lee. Cathol. p. 185.
Kyrtyls they had oon of sylke,
ALPI. A, Single. (A.-S,*)
quod the vox, ich wille the teile, p. 308.Also whyte as any mylfce.
On alpi word ich lie nelle. 3fSf Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 342^
Reliq. Antiq, ii. 275. (2) All save; all but. Midland C.
ALPICKE. Apparently a kind of earth. See ALSOME. Wholesome.
Cotgrave, in v. Chercfo. Tak a halvpeny worthe of schepe talghe moltewe,
 ALT £0 ALT
and alle the crommes of ahalpeny lafe of alsome brede ALTHER-BEST. The best of all. Cf. Kyng
of whete, and a potelle of aide ale, and boile alle sa- Alisaunder, 4878 ; Prompt. Parv. p. 161.
mene. MS. Lincoln. Med. f. 313. When y shal slepe, y have good rest ;
ALSONE. As soon ; immediately. Cf. Kyng Somtyme y had not alther-best.
Reliq. Antiq. 1. 202.
Alisaunder, 5024 ; Sevyn Sages, 2847. The barne alther-beste of body scho bare.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 231.
And Pausamy pursued after hyme, and overhied
hyra, and strake hym thurghe with a spere, and jitt Kepe I no more for al my service,
ife-alle he were grevosely wonded, he dyde ncjte But love me, man,MS.altherbest.
alsone, bot he laye halfe dede in the waye.
Coll. Caii Cantab. E. 55.
Alisander, MS. Lincoln f. 3. ALTHER-FAIREST. The fairest of all. See
ALSQUA. Also. (A.-SJ
The signe of pes alsqua, to bring Rom. of the Rose, 625 ; Hartshorne's Met.
Bitwix William and the tother king. Tales, p. 82.
MS. Fairfax 14. ALTHER-FEBLEST. The most feeble of all.
ALSTITE. Quickly. Now es to alther-feblest to se,
Unto the porter speke he thoe,
Tharfor mans lyve schort byhoves ho.
MS. Coll. Sion. xviii. 6.
Sayd, To thi lord myn ernde thou go,
Hasteli and alstite. ALTHER-FIRSTE. First of all. Cf. Le Bone
Robson's Romances, p. 50. Florence of Rome, 292; Hartshorne's Met
ALSTONDE. To withstand. Rob. Glouc. Is Tales, p. 85.
Alther-firste, whanne he dide blede
this a misprint for at-stonde ?
Upon the day of Circurncisioun.
ALSUITHE. As soon as ; as quickly as. Lydgate, MS. Sue. Antiq. 134, f. 20.
For alsuithe als he was made Before matyns salle thou thynke of the swete
He fell ; was thar na langer bade. byrthe of Jhesu Cryste alther-fyrste, and sythyne
3fS. Cott. Vespas. A. iii. f . 4.
eftyrwarde of his Passione.
ALSWA. Also. (A.-S.) MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 20(5
Alswa this buke leres to kepe the ten comand- ALTHER-FORMEST. The first of all.
mentes, and to wirke noght for erthely thyng. For there thai make semblant fairest,
MS. Coll. Eton. 10, f. 1.
Thai wil bigile ye alther-formest.
And, sirt I drede me yit alswa, Sevyn Sages, 2726
That he sold have the empire the fra. ALTHER-FOULLESTE. The foulest of all.
Sevyn Sages, 3945. That schamefulle thynge es for to saye,
Oure lantarnes take with us alsway, And foulle to here, als sayse the buke,
And loke that thay be light.
And alther-foulleste one to luke.
Towneley Myst. p. 186. Hampole, MS. Lincoln, f. 2/7.
ALTEMETRYE. Trigonometry. ALTHER-GRATTEST. Greatest of all. This
The bookis of altemetrye,
Planemetrye and eek also. compound occurs in an imperfect line in Syr
Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 202. Gawayne, p. 54.
ALTERAGE. One of the amends for offences ALTHER-HEGHEST. The highest of all.
short of murder. Hearne, in gloss, to Peter I sal syug til the name of the Lorde alther-heghest .
MS. Coif. Eton. 10, f. 12.
Langtoft, explains it, " the profits which ac- Whenne hir frendes gan hir se
crue and are due to the priest by reason of the Upon the alther-hejest degrd,
Thei wondride how she thider wan.
altar."
Item, the beginneng and thendeng of the decaie of Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 66.
this lande growethe by the immoderate takeng of This es the name that es abowne alle names,
coyne and ly verey, withought order, after mennes awne name althir-hegeste, withowttene whilke na man
sensuall appetites, cuddees, gartie, takeng of caanes hopes hele. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 192.
for felonies, murdours, and all other offences, alter-
ages, biengis, saultes, slauntiaghes, and other like
ALTHER-LASTE. Last of all
And alther-laste, with fulle gret cruelte,
abusions and oppressions. State Papers, ii. 163.
For us he suffreth circumcisioun.
DERATE. Altered; changed. Palsgrave has Lydgate, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 20.
iif'as a verb, to alter. Hur own lorde, alther-laate,
Undir smiling she was dissimulate, The venom out of hys hedd braste.
Provocative with blinkis amorous, Le Bone Florence of Rome, 2115.
And sodainly chaungid and alterate. ALTHER-LEEST. Least of all.
Test, of Creseide, 227. Hir lif in langure lastyng lay,
And thereby also the mater ys alterate,
Gladshipe had she alther-leest.
Both inward and outward substancyally.
Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Ti'in. Cantab, f. 65.
Ashmole's Theat. Cftem. Brit. p. 163. That of the alther-leste wounde
ALTERCAND. Contending. Were a stede brouht to grunde, HaveloTc* 197&
The parties wer so felle altercand on ilk side,
ALTHER-MIGHTIEST. See dither-wisest.
That non the soth couth telle, whedir pes or werre
suld tide. Peter Langtoft, p. 314. ALTHER-MOST. Most of all. See the Sevyn
ALTERN. Alternately. Milton. Sages, 3560.
ALTHAM. In the Fraternitye of Vacabondes, The mare vanite" it es and nlthermaste agayn mans
deed, when lufe is perfitest. MS. Coll. Eton. 10, f. 1*
1575, the wife of a " curtail" is said to be He dud hym ynto the hethen ooste,
called his alt ham. See the reprint of that There the prees was althef'tnoost.
rare tract, p. 4. MS. Can/a6. Ff. li. 38, f. 92.
 ALT! 51
The firste poynte of alle thre p. 10. It is certainly sometimes used for an
Was this, what thynge in his degre alley, or passage from one part of a building
Of alle this world hath nede leste, to another. See Ducange, in v. Attorium, and
And 3it men helpe it alther-meate, a quotation from Hearne in "Warton's Hist.
Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 58.
And to hem speke I alther-moost, Engl. Poet. ii. 300 ; Rob. Glouc. p. 192. The
That ledeth her lyves in pride and boost. parapet- wall its elf is even more generally meant
Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 2. by the term. See the examples under Alour.
And jit mare fole es he, for he Wynnes hym na ALUTATION. Tanning of leather. Minsheu.
mede in the tyme, and althermaste fole he es, for ALUTE. Bowed. (A.-S.)
he Wynnes hym payne. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 245. That child that was so wilde and wlong, ,
To me alute lowe. Reliq. Antiq.. i, 101.
ALTHER-NEXT. Next of all. Cf. Lydgate's
Minor Poems, p. 20; Le Bone Florence of ALVE. Half.
Rome, 1963. Thys alve men je ssollc wynne wel lyjtloker and
Or thou art yn state of prest, vor nojt. Rob. Glouc. p. 214.
Or yn two ordrys alther-nest. ALVERED. Alfred. See the name as spelt
MS. Hart. 1701, f. 12.
Sithen althernext honde, in the Herald's College MS. of Robert of
Meke beestis thei shul undirstonde. Gloucester, Hearne's text (p. 326) reading
Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 11, Aldred.
Aftir Sampson altherneest, ALVISCH. Elfish ; bavin g supernatural power.
Hadet wyth an alvisch mon, for angardez pryde.
Was domes-man Hcly the preest. Ibid. f. 46. Syr Gawayne, p. 27.
ALTHER-TREWIST. The truest of all. ALWAY. Always.
That alther-trewlst man y-bore Daughter, make mery whiles thou may,
To chese amonge a thousande score. For this world wyll not last alway.
Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 64. Jests of the Wyddvw Edyth, 1573.
ALTHER-WERST. The worst of all. ALWAYS. However; nevertheless. North.
Altlw-toerst then shal hem. be,
That for mede come to dygnyt& ALWELDAND. All-ruling. Cf. Hardyng's
MS. Harl. 1701, f. 73. Chronicle, f. 162 ; Minot's Poems, p. 27.(^.-S',)
And thus a mannis ye firste I prai to grete God alwddand,
Himselfe greveth alther-iverste. That thai have noght the hegher hand.
Yivaine and Gawin, 2J99,
Gowert MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 40.
ALTHER-WISEST. The wisest of all. Befyse betajt hym God alleweldyng.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 125.
Godd that es withowttyne begynnynge, and es with- Oure Lord God al-weldynge,
owttene chaungeyng, and duellys withowttyne Him liked wel her offrynge.
endynge, for he es althir-myghtyeste and althir- MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab. R. iii. 8, f. 3.
wyseste, and alswa althire-beste.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 203, ALWES. Hallows ; saints.
And than be-kenned he the kouherde Crist and to hal
ALTHER-30NGEST. The youngest of all. alwee. Will, and the Werwolf, p. 14.
Samuel seide, sir Jesse, say
ALY. Go. (Fr.}
Where is thin alther-fongest son.
Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 46. Aly ! he saide, aly blyve !
ALTIHCATION. An alchemical term. See No leteth non skape on lyve.
KyngAlisaunder, 4370.
Ashmole's Theat. Chem. Brit. p. 97. ALYCHE. Alike.
ALTITONANT. Thundering from on high. In kyrtels and in copes ryche,
Middleton applies the term to Jupiter. See They were clothed all alyche.
his Works, v. 175 ; Minsheu, in v. Gowert ed. 1532, f. 70.
ALTRICATE. To contend. (Lat.) ALYCKENES. Similarity.
Bishops with bishops, and the vulgar train And lyke of alyckenes, as hit is devysed.
Do with the vulgar altricate for gain. Tundale, p. 87.
Billingnly's Brachy-Martyrologia, 1657, p. 41. ALYE. (1) To mix. (/V.)
ALUDELS. Subliming-pots without bottoms, And if it be not in Lent, alye it with 5olkes of eyren.
fitted into each other, without luting. An Forme of Cury, p. 14.
alchemical term.
Look well to the register, If I myght of myn alye ony ther fynde,
(2) Kindred.
And let your heat still lessen by degrees, It wold be grett joye onto me.
To the aludels. The Alchemist, ii. 1. Coventry Mysteries, p. 145.
ALUFFE. Aloof; more nearly to the wind. ALYES. Algates ; always. Percy.
This word is of high antiquity, being noticed ALYFE. Alive. Cf. Lydgate's Minor Poems,
by Matthew Paris. And he ne wolde leve alyfe
Alttjfe at helm there, ware no more, beware! p. 115.
Taylor's Praise of Hempseed, p. 12. Man, beste, chylde, ne wyfe.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 88.
ALUMERE. Bright one? (4.-N.) A-LYGHTELY. Lightly.
Noht may be feled lykerusere,
Then thou so suete alumere, A-lyghtely they sey, as hyt may falle,
God have mercy on us alle. MS. HarZ. 1701, f. 30.
Wrighfs "Lyric. Poetry, p. 68.
ALURE. A kind of gutter or channel behind A-LYKE-WYSE. In like manner. Prompt. Parv.
the battlements, which served to carry off the ALYN. A kind of oil, mentioned by Skinner, who
rain-water, as appears from the Prompt. Parv. refers to Juliana Barnes as bis authority.
 AMA 52 AMA
AMALGAMING. A chemical term for mixing
ALYS. Hales 5 tents. See the Paston Letters.
v. 412, quoted in Prompt. Parv. p. 222. ogia, They quicksilver with any metal.
were made of canvas. See the Archaeol And in amalgaming1, and calcening
Of quikailver, y-cleped mercurie crude.
xx-vi. 402. T . Chaucer, Cant. T. IJ239
ALYS SON. The herb mad wort. It is men- AMALL. Enamel. See AmeU.
tioned byHuloet, 1572, as a cure for the bite
of a mad dog. Upon the toppe an ern thcr stod
Of bournede gold ryche and good,
A-LYVED. Associated. I-florysched with ryche amall. Launfal, 270,
And wharme the bycche of hem is moost hoot, jif AM AND. To send away ; to remove. (Lat.)
ther be any wolfes yn the centre, thei goith alle after Opinion guidetli least, and she by faction
hure as the houndes doith after the bycche when she Is quite amended, and in high distraction.
is ioly, but she shal not be a-lyoed with noon of the MS. Raw!. 437, f. 1L
wolfes saf on. MS. Bodl. m.
AMANG. Among. Var. dial
ALYZ. Isabel, Countess of Warwick, in her will He outtoke me thar amang
dated 1439, leaves a " gown of green alyz Fra mi faas that war sa strang.
MS. Cott. Vespas. D. vr .
cloth of gold, with wide sleeves," to our Lady
of Walsyngham. See the Test. Vetust. p. 240. AMANG-HANDS. Work done conjointly with
AM. Them. An old form, and still in use in other business. In Yorkshire it sometimes
means lands belonging to diiferent proprietors
the provinces . See an example in Middleton's
Works, i. 351, where the editor erroneously intermixed.
it a'm, which implies a wrong source of AMANSE. To excommunicate. (A.-S.)
printsword.
the And the kyng hymsulf was therate ; Mi amanwde
And make ame amend that thai du mys,
3fS. Douce 302, f. 21. Allethothulke, that clerkes such despyt dude and wo.
Rub. Glouc. p. 404.
AMABLE. Lovely.
Face of Absolon, moost fayre, moost amable ! A-MANY.
Lydgate's Minor Poems, p. 25. Works, i.Many
35. people. North. SeeMassinger's
AMACKILY. In some fashion ; partly. North. If weather be fayre, and tydie thy graine,
A-MAD. Mad. Make spedely carrige for feare of a raine :
Heo wendeth bokes un-brad, For tempest and showers deceaveth n-Hmny,
Ant maketh men a moneth a-mad, And lingering lubbers loose many a peny.
Wright's Pol. Songs, p. 156. Tusser, ed, 15/3, f. 5;".
Here was Jhesus i-lad to scole, and overcam alle the AMARRID. Marred; troubled. Cf. Deposition
maistres with puyr clergie, so that everech heold of Richard II. p. 2; Gesta Roinanorum,
himsulf amad, for he schewede heom wel thathuy
weren out of rijhte muinde. MS* Laud. 108, f. 13. Eld me hath amarridt
AMADETTO. A kind of pear, so named by p. Ic207.
wene he be bi-charrid,
That trusteth to juthe. Reliq, Antiq. ii. 211.
Evelyn after the person who first introduced A-MARSTLED. Amazed ?
it. Skinner.
AMAIL. Mail. Hupe forth, Hubert, hosede pye,
Ichot thart a-marstlcd into the mawe.
Camillus put on a coat of amail, and went arm'd Wrights "Lyric Poetry > p. 111.
with sword and dagger to defend himself against all
assaults. The Fortunate LOV&-&, 1632. AMARTREDE. Martyred.
And aniartrc.de so thane holie man,
AMAIMON. A king of the East, one of the And a-slouzh him in a stounde.
principal devils who might be bound or re- MS. Laud. 108, f. 165.
strained from doing hurt from the third hour AMASEDNESSE. Amazement.
till noon, and from the ninth hour till evening. Not only the common sort, but even men of place
He is alluded to in 1 Henry IV. ii. 4, and and honour, were ignorant which way to direct their
Merry W. of Windsor, ii. 2. According to course, and therby, through amasednesse, as likely to
Holme, he was "the chief whose dominion run from the place affected, as to make to the succour
of it. Lambarde's Perambulation, ed. 1595, p. 69.
is on the north part of the infernal gulf."
See Douce's Illustrations, i. 428 ; Malone's AMASEFULL. Frightened. Palsyrave.
Shakespeare, ed. 1821, vili. 91. A-MASKED. " To go a-masJced" to wander or
AMAIN. All at once. A sea term. The term he bewildered. This is given as a Wiltshire
is also used in boarding ; and to strike amain, phrase in MS. Lansd. 1033, f. 2, in a letter
is to let the top-sails fall at their full run, not dated 1697.
gently. Waving amain, is waving a sword for AMASTE. An amethyst. Rider. Minsheu gives
a signal to other ships to strike their top-sails. the form amatyste.
See the Sea Dictionary, 12mo. Lond. 1708,
in v. AMAT. To daunt ; to dismay. Cf. Drayton's
AMAISTER. To teach. Salop. Poems, p. 303 ; Florio in v. Spmtdre ; Coven-
try Mysteries, p. 294. (A.-N.}
AMAISTREN. To overcome ; to be master of. There myght men sorow see,
Amatitd that there had be.
(X.JV.)
And now wolde I wite of thee JUS. Cantzb. Ff. ii. 38, f.101.
What were the beste j And all their light laughyng turnd and translated
And how I myghte a~matstren hern, Into sad syghyng ; all mjrrth was amatecl.
And make hem to werche. Piens Ploughman, p, 129. Heywood on Englishe Prow-be*, 1561, sig. A. viii»
 53 AMB
AMB
AMAWNS. To excommunicate ? This is also the reading of one MS. in Rob.
With a penyles purs for to pleye, Glouc. p. 51.
Lat scho can the pepul amawns. This were a hevy case,
Reliq. Antlq. i. 74. A chaunceof ambexase,
AMAWST. Almost. West. To se youe broughte so base,
AMAY. To dismay. Cf. Kyng Alisaunder, To playe without a place.
Sfcelton's Works, ii. 438.
7243 ; Arthour and Merlin, p. 86. (Fr.)
With thyn aunter thou rnakest heer AMBIDEXTER. In familiar writing a kind of
Thou ne mijt nojt me amaye. Vicar of Bray. According to Cowell, " that
MS. Ashmole 33, f. 6. juror that taketh of both parties for the giving
Whereof he dradde and was amayed.
Gower, MS. Sec. Antiq. 134, f. 232 of his verdict." See Nash's Pierce Penilesse,
p. 10 ; Florio in v. Destreaaiare.
AMAZE, To confound ; to perplex ; to alarm. AMBLANT. Ambling.
Shak. And mony faire juster corant,
AMBAGE. Circumlocution. See the Spanish And mony fat palfray amblant.
Tragedy, i. 1 ; Marlowe's Works, iii. 257. In AMBLERE. Kyng Alisaunder, 3462.
an old glossary in MS. Rawl. Poet. 108, it is An amble.
But Oliver him rideth out of that plas
explained by " circumstance." See the Brit. In a sofce ambtere,
Bibl. ii. 618. It is used as a verb, apparently Ne made he non other pas
meaning to travel round, in the Morte d' Ar- Til they were met in fere.
thur, i.135. (Lat.) MS. Ashmole 33, f. 5.
AMBASSADE. An embassy. (A.-N.) AMBLINDE. Ambling.
Aboute him there, th'ambassade imperyall Y sett Mr on a mule ambfaide,
Were fayre brought unto his royal dignit£.
In the way we dede ous rideinde.
Hardyng's Chronicle, p. 138. Gy of Warwifa, p. 163.
AMBASSADOR. A game played by sailors to AMBOLIFE. Oblique.
duck some inexperienced fellow or landsman, And take gode kepe of this chapiter of arisingeof
thus described by Grose. A large tub is filled celestiall bodyes, for ther trusteth wel that neither
with water, and two stools placed on each side mone neither sterre in our ambolife orizont.
of it. Over the whole is thrown a tarpaulin, Chaucer, ed. Urry, p. 445.
or old sail, which is kept tight by two persons AMBROSE. Wild sage. See an old receipt in
seated on the stools, who are to represent the Reliq. Antiq. i. 55 ; Prompt. Parv. p. 11 ;
king and queen of a foreign country. The per- Archasologia, xxx. 404.
son intended to be ducked plays the ambassa- AMBRY. A cupboard ; a pantry. See Aumbry.
dor, and after repeating a ridiculous speech Cf. Florio in v. Gazzdra / Skinner and Baret,
dictated to him, is led in great form up to the in v. The almonry was sometimes so called,
throne, and seated between the king and queen, the alms being kept in an ambry. See Brit-
who rise suddenly as soon as he is seated, and ton's Arch. Diet, in v. Almonry.
the unfortunate ambassador is of course deluged AMBULENDE. Ambling.
in the tub. On fayre ambulende hors they set.
AM HAS SAGE. An embassy. Shak. Cower, ed. 1532, f. 70.

AM 33 AS SATE. An embassy. See Hardyng's AMBULER. An ambling horse.

Sire, said Palomydes, we will be redy to conduyfe
Chronicle, ff. 74, 95, 186, who sometimes
spells it amlassyate. In MS. Ashmole 59, f. you bycause that ye are sore wounded, and soo was
Epynogrys and his lady horsed, and his lady behynde
45, is " a compleynte made by Lydegate for hym upon a softe anibuler.
the departing of Thomas Chaucier into Fraunce Morte ff Arthur, ii. 148.
by lies servauntz upone the kynges ambassate." AMBUSCADO. An ambuscade. Shak.
AMBASSATRIE. An embassy. (A.-N.) Nay, they have ambtiscadoes laid within thee,
I say, >^y tretise and amba8i>atrie,
And by the popes mediation, Self against self suborn'd, thereby to win thee.
Clobei-y's Divine Glimpses, p. 104.
And all the chirche, and all the chevalrie, AMBUSION. An abuse.
Th it in destruction of maumetrie, But this methinketh an ambusion,
And m encrese of Cristes lawe dere,
To see on walfce ha gownis of scarlete
They ben accorded so as ye may here. Twelve jerdis wide, with pendant sieves doun
Chaucer, Cant. T. 4653
On the grounde, and the furroure therinne.
AMBER'D. Scented with ambergris. Occleve, MS Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 252.
The wines be lusty, high, and full of spirit, Fy I hit is to gret an ambusion
An d amber'd all. Beaumont and Fletcher, i v. 433. To se a man that is but wormis mete.
AMBER-DAYS. The ember days. Ibid. f. 256.
And sufferages of the churche, bothe arriber-dayes AMBYNOWRE. An almoner.
and lentes. Sale's Kynge Johan, p. 41 . Pet6 es gpensere, that dose servesse to gud alle that
AMBES-AS. The two aces, the lowest throw scho maye ; and Mercy hir syster saile be <nnl>yn<xaret
in the dice ; and hence often used figuratively that gyffes to alle, and aoghte kane kepe to hiiselfe.
for bad luck. See Chaucer, Cant. T. 4544; ncoln A. i. 17, f. 273.

Harrowing of Hell, p. 21 ; All's Well that AME. (1) To guess ; to think ; to tell. From the
German afimen, according to Qu. Rev. lv. 371 ;
ends Well, ii. 3. Howell, p. 19, tells us that
when this throw was made, the dicers inLondon but it certainly, in middle English, is merely
another form of aim, q.v. In Palsgrave we have
would say " ambling annes and trotting Joan."
 AME 54 AME
To manage ; to direct by force.
"fceyme, I mente or gesse to hyt a thynge/' The With her, who so will raging furor tame,
meaning is clearly ascertained from Prompt. Must first begin, and well her amenage,
Parv. p. 190, " gessyne, or amyne, estimo, Faerie Queene, II. iv. II,
arUtror, opinor." Cf. Rom. and Jul.ame, i, 1. AMENAUNCE. Behaviour; courtesy. (Lat.)
Of men of armes bold the numbre thei And with grave speech and grateful amenauncs,
A thousand and tuo hundred told of Cristen men Himself, his state, his spouse, to them commended,
bi name. Peter Langtoft, p. 228. Fletcher's Purple Island, xi, 9.
And alle Arthurs oste was amede with knyghtes, AMENDABLE. Pleasant.
entrede in rolles. ^ That til oure lif is ful profitable,
BotawghtenehundretMorteheofalle
Arthure, MS. Lincoln, f. 95, And to oure soule amendable.
upon mold mijt ayme the nournber, MS. 4s7imole 60, f. 5,
No mon
Al that real aray reken schold men never. AMENBEN. A kind of oath. Suffolk.
Will, and the Werwolf, p* 58,
AMENDMENT. Dung or compost laid on land.
Yes, wyth good handelyng, as I ayme, Kent.
Even by and by, ye shall her reclayme. AMENDS. An addition put into the scale of a
Commune Secretary and Jalowsye, «. d,
See Steven- balance, to make just weight. See the Nomen-
(2) The spirit; the soul. (A.-S.) clator, p. 337. So the modern phrase, to
son's ed. of Boucher in v.
make amends.
(3) For a third sense, see "Warner's Antiq. Culin, AMENE. Pleasant ; consenting. (Lat.}
p. 14. A dish is there caUed " douce ame." Whan that mercy wolde have ben amene,
A ME AUNT. Ellis and Utterson propose ada- Rightwyssenesse gan hit anon denye*
mant as the meaning of this word. The Lydgate, MS. Ashmole 39, f. 20.
Cambridge MS. reads, " Thys swyrde ys gode To thi servaunttis of grace now see,
and aveaunt." (A.-N.} And to thi son befor hus amene. Tundale, p. 125.
Therfore my swearde he shall have, AMENGE. To mingle. We may perhaps read,
My good swerde of ameaunt,
For therwith I slewe a gyaunt. Syr Degor&j 1 05. " And menge it."
Amenge it with gres of a swyne.
AMEE. The herb ameos. Gerard. drchoeologia, xxx.357-
AMEKIDE. Soothed. AMENNE. To amend.
As we be wont, erborowe we crave,
Ande thenne spake he, Ne was not this yonge man Your life to amenne Christ it save.
getyne by me ? Yis, sir, quod she, dowtithe hit not, Rom. of the Rose, 7406.
for he is your lawefully bigetene soue. Thenne the
Emperoure was ameMde, aiide saide to his sonne, AMENSE. Amends.
Son, quod he, I am thi fadir. To tell you the cause me semeth it no nede,
The amense therof is far to call agayne.
Gesta Romanorum, p. 177-
AMEL-CORN. A kind of corn, said by Skelton's Works, i. 226.
Markham to be " of a middle size betwixt AMENTE. Amend.
But y leve synne, hyt wole me spylle ;
wheat and barlie, unlike altogether unto win- Mercy, Jhesu ! y wole amente.
ter wheat whereof we last spake, but of a sort MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 17.
and facultie like unto spelt, whereof we will AMENUSE. To diminish ; to lessen. (A.-N.)
speake nest in order." See Markham' s See the Persones Tale, pp. 36, 38.
Countrey Farme, 161 6, p. 551 ; Cotgrave, in v. His mercy is surmounting of foyson,
Scourgeon; Florio, in v. Oriza. It appeai-s Ever encreaseth without amenusyrig.
from Markham that scourgeon is scarcely Bochas, b. II. e, 31.
synonymous with amel-corn, and therefore AMEOS. The herb bishop's-weed. See Florio,
Cotgrave's account of it is not quite ap- in v. Ammi.
plicable. Itseems to be the Teut. Amel- AMERAL. An admiral, q. v. The word is very
koren, explained by Kilian/zr candidum, and changeable in its orthography. In the Prompt.
the corn of which amydon is made. Gerard Parv. p. 11, it occurs in the modern sense of
calls it the starch-corn, a species of spelt. admiral. The word ameralU in the following
AMELL. (1) Enamel. It is also used as a verb passage
the sea. seems to mean the sovereignty of
by Chaucer, Palsgrave, and others. See
Amiledf Beaumont and Fletcher, Introd. p. Cherish marchandise and kepe the ameraltS,
That we be maisters of the narow see.
lix; Cotgrave and Hollyband, in v. Email; MS. Soc. Antiq. 101, f. 50.
Prompt. Parv. p. 261; Twine, ap. Collier's AMEKAWD. An emerald.
Shak. Lib. p. 206. Amall is a similar form, An amerawd was the stane,
q. v. See an example in v. Amelyd. Richer saw I never nane. Ywaine end Gawint 361 ,
(2) Between. Northumb. It seems to be the His ston is thegrene ameraiude,
Icelandic d mitti. See Qu. Rev. Iv. 363, To whom is jo-ven many a lawde.
where it is stated not to be used in Scotland. Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, t. 20i
It is inserted in the glossary to the Towneley AMERAWDES. The hemorrhoids. «' A gud
Mysteries, without a reference, and explained medcyne
MS. Harl,for1600 the and
amerawdes"
1010. is mentioned in
" among/'
AMELYD. Enamelled. AMERCE. To punish with a pecuniary pe-
The frontys therwith atnelyd all nalty ;to inflict a fine or forfeiture. Some-
With all maner dy verse amell. times, topunish, in general. See Romeo and
Juliet, Hi 1.
 AMI 55 AMM
And yf thou kanste riot lete thi playntes be, He ran anon, as he were wode,
Unlawful quarel oweth to ben amersed. To Bialacoil there that he stode,
Eoetius, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 292. "Whiche had levir in this caas
Have ben at Remcs or Amias.
AMERCY. To amerce. (A.-N.) Romaunt of the Rose, 3898,
And though ye mowe amercy hem,
Lat mercy be taxour. Piers Ploughman, p. 119. AMICE. The amice or amite is the first of the
AMERE. Bitterly. So explained by Weber in sacerdotal vestments. It is, says Mr. "Way, a
piece of fine linen, of an oblong square form,
the following passage, where the Lincoln's Inn
MS. reads, " and gan him beore." Stevenson which -was formerly worn on the head until
considers it a noun, mischief, damage, a more the priest arrived before the altar, and then
likely interpretation. (A.-N.) thro wn back upon the shoulders. See Prompt.
Dariadas, Daries brother, Parv. p. 11 ; Nomenclator, p. 159 ; Dugdale's
He hadde y-slawe on and othir, Monast. iii. 295. The following quotation
Tauryn and Hardas he slowe with spere. may also be found in an early printed fragment
With sweord ryden he dud amere ! in Mr. Maitland's account of the Lambeth
In this strong fyghtyng cas,
He mette with Dalmadas. Library, p. 266. See Ammis.
Kyng Alisawrtder, 4427- Upon hi? heed the amytv first heleith,
AMERELLE. The translation of umlraculum Which is a thing, a token and figure
Outwardly shewinge and grounded in the feith ;
in the Canterbury MS. of the Medulla. See The large awbe, by record of scripture,
the Prompt. Parv. p. 301. The corresponding Ys rightwisuesse perpetualy to endure :
lerm in MS. Harl 2270 is " an umbrelle." The lougeon girdyl, clennesse and chastite" ;
AMERRE. To mai ; to spoil ; to destroy. See Bounde the arme, the fanoune doth assure
the Sevyn Sages, 2266, wrongly glossed by All soburnesse knytte with humilite.
Weber. (A.-S.) Lydgate, MS. Hatton 73, f. 3.
Ho ran with a drawe swerde AMIDWARD. In the middle. Cf. Kyug
To hys inaniemrye, Alisaunder, 967 ; Richard Coer de Lion, 1926 ;
And all hys goddys ther he amerrede
With greet envye. Octoviant 1307« Sevyn
He metSages, 179 ; Pinogres
that geaunt Ellis's Met. Rom. iii. 29.
That we beth ofte withinne, Amidward al his pres. Arthour ana Merlin, p. 301 .
The soule wolleth amerre.
AMILED. Enamelled. (A.-N.) See the note on
MS. Digby 86, f. 128.
Now thou hast, sir, alle y-herd this word
And inwith
Warton's
a bend ofHist.
goldeEngl. Poet. ii. 155.
tassiled,
Hou Ich aro. bitreyd and amerd.
And knoppis fine of golde amiled.
Gy of Warwike, p. 165. Rom. of the Rose, 1080.
AMERS. Embers. Yorteh. AMINISH. To diminish. Palsgrave. This is
AMERVAILE. To marvel; to be surprised. perhaps another form of amenuse, q. v.
Cf. Hardyng's Chronicle, ff. 73, 120 ; Gesta AMIS. To miss ; to fail.
Romanorum, p. 392 ; Syr Degore, 932; Riche's Aurelius, whiche that dispeirid is
Farewell to Militarie Profession, ed. 1581, Whithir he shall have his love, or amis.
sig. P. i. (A.-N.) Chaucer, ed. Urry, p. 112.
And swiftli seththe with swerdes swonge thei to-gider, AMISS. A fault ; a misfortune. Shak.
That many were amervailed of here douijti dedes. AMIT. To admit.
Will, and the Werwolf t p. 139. And amytting the impossibilitie that their cataill
Then spake Tundale to the augyll bryght, were saved, yet in contynuaunce of one yere, the
For he was atnerveld of that syght. Tundale, p. S4. same cataill shalbe deade, distroyed, stblen, strayed,
The bisshope wos amerveld then, and eaten. . . State Papers, ii. 329-
And in gret thO5t he stode. AMITURE. .Friendship.
MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 78. Thow, he saide, traytour,
AMES-ACE. See Ambes-as. This is the form Yusturday thow cotne in amiture,
Y-armed so on of myne,
used by Shakespeare. See Collier's Shake- Me byhynde at my chyne,
speare, iii. 241 ; Nares, in v. Smotest me with thy spere.
AMESE. To calm. "Amese you," calm your- Kyng Alisaunder, 3075.
self. This phrase is addressed by Anna to AMLYNG. Ambling.
Cayphas in the Townley Myst. p. 194. Off ladys were they com ryde,
AMET. An ant. (A.-S.) Along under the wodys syde,
So thycke
fulle, hii come> that the lond over al hii gonne On fayre amlyng hors y-sett.
MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 6.
As thycke as qmeten crepeth in an amete hulle. AMMAT. A luncheon. West.
Rob. Glouc. p. 296,
AMMIS. The canonical vestment, lined with
AMETISED. Destroyed. SMnner.
AMEVED. Moved. (A.-N.) Cf. Chaucer, fur, that served to cover the head and shoul-
Cant. T, 8374 ; MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 4. ders. Grey fur was generally used. The word
But, Lorde, howe he was in his herte amevid, is sometimes spelt amicet amyse, ammys,
Whan that Mary he hathe with childe i-seyn. ammas, &c. In French the amict and aumuee,
Ltydgate, MS. Athmole 39, f . 39. and in Latin the amivtus and atmucium, cor-
That grievaunce was him no thinge lefe, respond tothe amice and ammis^ as we have
He was ful sore ameved. MS. .Douce 175, p. 24, spelt them ; but it is a grave error to confound
AMIAS. The city of Amiens. the two, as Mr. Dyce does in his edition of
 AMO 5 AMO

Skelton, ii. 134. See also the quotations in says " an amorous woman" in the second of
these instances, where it may be merely a di-
Richardson, vrhere, however, the terms are minutive, asin Florio, in v. Amorino. Jamie-
not distinguished; and Prompt. Parv. p. llr
^here the distin ction betwee n the two is son explains it, lorn-knots, garlands.
rt s For not i-cladde in silke was he,
clearly seen; Palsgr ave, f .17; Lockha But all in flourls and flourettesj
Life of Scott, i. 309. In the Prompt . Parv. I-paintid all with atnorettes.Rt>m. of the Rose, S92.
we also have " amuce of an hare, almuci um,
sapientia" For all so well woll love be setta,
haSeturAndinhym horolog
moost divinapray,
io lowly Undir raggis as rich® rotchette,
In his mynde to comprise And eke as well by amorettus Ibid. 4756.
Those wordes his grace dyd saye In mourning blacke, as bright burnettes.
Of an ammas gray, &tolton>* Worts, 11. 84.
e, AMORILY. Perhaps, says Tyrwhitt, put by
AMNANT. Pleasantly (?). See Syr Gawayn mistake for -merilij. The old glossaries ex-
p. 31. Perhap s it should be avinant .
form
AMNER. An almoner. Not an unusual 59 j Theplain it"seconde
amorously." lesson Robin Redebrestesang,
of the word. See Rutland Papers, p. Hail to the God and Goddes of our lay 1
Wright's Monastic Letters, p. 49; Prompt . And to the lectorn arnorily he sprang,
Parv. pp. 18, 19 ; Cotgrave, in v. Aumosn ier. Hail> quod he, O thou freshe Courtsseson of May.
of LQUC, 1383.
A-MOD. Amidst; in the middle, langtof t.
AMOND. An almond. Minsh eu. AMORIST. An amorous person.
An amorist is a creature blasted or planet-stroken,
AMONESTE. To admonish; to advise. (£•-&) and is the dog that leads blind Cupid. [1614, sig. K.
Cf Apology for the Lollards, p. 93; Wright s A Wife, now the Widow of Sir Thomas Ooertury,
Christmas Carols, p. 31 ; Chaucer, cd. Urry, AMORT. Dejected ; without spirit ; dead. (Fr.)
p. 201; MeBbeusr p. 110.
Bot of thas that he amonestes, the whilke ei wonte " What sweeting, all amort /" — Tarn, of the
for to thynta lyghUy the vendee of God. ^ ^ ^
Shrew, iv. 3. See Hawkins's Engl. Dram. iii.
358 ; Greene's Works, i. 146; Tarltou's Jests,
AMONESTEMENT. Advice; admonition. Cf. app. p. 131 ; Euphues Golden Leg-acie, ap. Col-
,
Morte d'Arthur ii. 279. lier's Shak. Lib., p. 124. Ho\vell, in his Lexi-
t'hvcte; con, translates all-amort by tristc, pensatif.
The kyng am.onestemen
Quykliche tfcermea he ferde.
Kyng Alisaunder, 6974. A-MOHTHERED. Murdered. See the Herald's
College MS. of Robert of Gloucester, quoted
AMONGE. Amidst; at intervals, Cf. Ellis's in Hearne's edition, p. 144.
Met. Horn. ii. 387 ; Ritson's Anc. Pop. Poet, AMORTISEN. To amortize ; to give property
p. 44. The phrase ever among, in Horn, of the in mortmain. (A.-NS) The word amortised
Rose, 3771, and 2 Henry IV. v. 3, means ever occurs in the Persones Tale, p. 22, and is ex-
from time to time, ever at intervals- plained killed in the glossaries. It may pos-
Be it right or wrong, sibly bear a figurative expression.
These men among Letmellerysand bakerys gadrehem agilde,
On women do complaine. Nutbrowne Maid, i . And alle of assent make a fraternite,
And ever amongs, mercy ! sche cryde, Undir the pillory a litil chapelle DyUte,
That he ne schulde his counselle hide. The place amorteysc, and purchase liber te-
Gower', MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 59*
Lydgate's Minor Poems, p. 207.
Thai etenand dronken right i-nowe, If lewed men kncwe Qiis Latyn,
And made myrth ever amonge: Thei wolde loke whom thei yeve.
But of the sowdon speke we nowe, And arisen hembifore,
Howe of sorowe was his songe. A fy ve dayes or sixe,
Sir Yerumbras, Mddlehill MS. Er thei amortised*; to monkes
(Jometyme thei schul be pyned longe Or chanons hir rente.
With hete, and sometyme cold amonge, Piers PloztffJiman, p. 314,
MS. dshmole 41, f. 41.
AMOItWE. In the morning ; early in the morn-
-*MONSI. To excommunicate. (.^.-£) ing. Cf. Chaucer, Cant. T. 824, 2491 j Rob.
To entredite and ainonsi
Al thai, whate hi evir be, Glouc. p. 159.
That laffbl men doth robbi, Knight, heseyd, yeldthebylive,
Whate in lond, what in see. For thou art gJled, so mot y thrive !
Now ichave a-drink,
Wright's Political Songs, p. 1(56. leharn as Fresche as ich wag amonoe,
AMONYE. An ointment wherewith the Egyp- Gy a/ Warwike, p. 324.
tians used to embalm their dead bodies. See Amorua syr Atnya dygTit him 3are,
Wickliffe's New Test. p. 251. And tolie his leve for to fare.
AMOOST. Almost. West. MS. Xtottce 326, f. 6.
A-MORAGE. On the morrow. J?o5. Glouc. AMORYG. Explained by Hearne u to-morrow,"
AMORAYLE. An admiral, q. v. Rob. Glouc. p. 234 ; but the Herald's College
Two hundred knyghtes withoute faylei MS. reads reading.
the right "among," which clearly seems to be ,
Fyve hundred ofamorayle.
Richard Coer de Lion, 6846. AMOUNTE. Smeared? Mr. Wright thinks it
AMORETTE. A love affair. (^.-JV.) Tyrwhitt may be an error of the scribe for anoiitfe.
 AMP 7 AMY
And I will goe gaither slyche, Calcicatres a graver most notable,
The shippe for to caulke and pyehe ; Of white ivory he dide his besynesse,
Amounts yt muste be with stiche, His hande, his eye, so just was and stable,
Borde, tree, and pynne. Chester Plays, i. 47. Of an ampte to grave out the lyknesse.
Lydgate\<! Minor Poems, p. 88.
AMOUNTMENT. Reckoning. Bote as the ampte to eschewe ydulnesse
Examend tham and cast ilk amountment.
Peter Langtf>ft, p 248. In somer is so ful of bysynesse.
MS. Coll. S. Joh. Oxon. 6, f. 2.
AMOVE. To move. Cf. Davies's York Records, AMPTY. Empty.
p. 85 ; Chaucer, ed. Urry, p. 364. In o gerner that ampty was,
To Flaundres she fled then, full sore amoved,
Amorwe by foumleand nome
To erle Badwyn hir cousyn nie of bloodde.
Two hondred sak ful of guod whete,
Hardyng's Chronicle, f. 122.
AMOWNE. Gentleness. See an old document Thej nyste whannes yt come.
MS. Coll. Trin. Ozon. 57, f. 3
printed in Meyrick's Critical Enquiry, ii. 252. My ampty skyn begynneth to tremble and quake.
AMOWRE. Love. See Flor. and Blanch. 524 ; M&. Soc. Antiq, 134, f. 235.
Hall, Edward IV. f. 11 ; Cov. Myst. p. 50. The AMPULLE. A small vessel. (A.-N.)
term amours, intrigues, was introduced into A bolle and a bagge
England in the seventeenth century, according He bar by his syde,
to Skinner. And hundred ofampulJes
He luked up unto the toure, On his hat seten. Piers Ploughman, p. 109.
And merily sang he of amvwre. Late it stande in that bacyne a daye and a nyghte,
Sevyn Sages, 2962. and do thane that other thc't standis abovene in a
AMPER. A sort of inflamed swelling. East. ampulle of glase or coper. MS. Lincoln . Med. f. 283.
AMRELL. An admiral.
"Ampered, corrupted, as ampred chees in Kent ; Whan he herde tell
an amper or ampor in Essex, is a rising scab or
That my lorde amvell
sore,allso a vein swelled with corrupted bloud." Was comyng downe,
Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033. Skinner also ap- To make hym frowne. SkeHon's Works, ii. 69.
propriates itto Essex, but Grose to Kent, who AMSEL. A blackbird. Var. dial.
explains it, a " fault, a defect, a flaw ;" and AMSEREY. A consistory court.
Ray gives it as a Sussex word, " a fault or flaw Thow fals boye, seydethe freyre,
in linnen, or woollen cloath." A person covered Y somon the affore the avnserey.
with pimples is said in Somersetshire to be The Frere and the Bny, Ixv.
ampery, while the same word is used in the AMSOTE. A fool. Prompt. Parv. [Anisote?]
Eastern counties in the sense of weak, or un- AMTY. Empty.
healthy. Ampred or ampery is now applied to Amty place he made aboute, and folc fleu hym faste ;
cheese beginning to decay, especially in Sus- A wonder maister he was on, that hem so kowthe
sex ;and is sometimes used when speaking of agaste. Rob. Glouc. p. 17.
With nailes thicke al abrod,
decayed teetn. An ampre-ang is said in the Ase tharemijten strikie one,
glossaries to be a decayed tooth in East Sus- That man ne mijte finde ane amtie place
sex and Kent. On al heore bodie so luyte.
AMPERE SSE. An empress. MS. Laud. 108, f. 99.
The nexte jer therafter, the ampsresse Mold AMUD. Annoyed ; repulsed. So explained by
Wende out of this live, as the boc ath i-told.
Rob. Glouc. p. 474. Hearne, in Bob. Glouc. p. 524, who suggests
anuid with great probability.
AMPERSAND. The character &, representing AMUSED. Amazed.
the conjunction and. It is a corruption of Let not my lord be amused. Ben Jonson, iii. 131.
and per se, and. The expression is, or rather AMWOAST. Almost. Wilts. In the North,
was, common in our nursery books. In Hamp- the form of this word is sometimes amyast.
shire it is pronounced amperzed, and very
AMY. A friend; a lover. (^.-M) Cf. Kyng
often amper$£~and. An early instance of Alisaunder, 376, 520, 1834.
its use is quoted in Strutt's Sports and Pas- But oon olde knyjt that hyght Gryssy,
times, p.399. He lefte at home for hys amy.
AMPHIBOLOGICAL. Ambiguous. This word MS, Cantab. Ff. ii, 38, f. 111.
occurs in Greene's Planetomachia, 1588. What is thi name, thou swete amy ?
Rider, 1640, has " amphibologie," and so has Gladly wite therof wolde I.
Chaucer, Troilus and Creseide, iv. 1406. Cunar Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 123.
Ther was mani levdi
AMPLE. (1) To go. Apparently a corruption That sore biwepe her ami.
of amble. See Watson's Halifax vocab. in v. Arthour and Merlin, p. 256.
North.
(2) Liberal; generous. Shak, AMYD. Amidst. In the Deposition of Richard
AMPLE CT. To embrace. (Lat.) II. p. 1, we have amyddis in the same
With how fervent heart should we profligate and sense.
chase away sin ! With how valiant courage should 4myd the launde a castel he sye,
we amplect and embrace virtue I Becon's Works, p. 66.
Noble and ryche, ryght wonder hie. Sir Orpfieo, 343.
AMPOLY. Same as amputte, q. v. AMYDON. According to Cotgrave, " fine wheat-
AMPOT. A hamper. Salop. flower steeped in water ; then strained, and let
AMPTE. An ant. " Serphus, a littell beaste, stand mitfll it settle at the bottome } then
not unlike an amyt or pismere." — Cooper. drained of the water, aacl dried at the sunne ;
 ANA 58
ANA
used for bread, or in brothes, it is very nou- ANACK. Fine oaten bread.
Also with this small meale, oatemeale is made in
rishing ;also, starch, made of wheat." It is divers countries sixe severall kindes of very good an d
mentioned in an old receipt in the Forme of
wholesome bread,. every one finer then other, as your
Cury, p. 26 ; Warner's Antiq, Culin. p, 10. anacks, janacks, and such like.
AMYL. Starch.
Markhum's English House-wife, 1649, p. 240.
Of wheateis made amyl, the making whereof Cato
ANADEM. A wreath ; a chaplet ; a garland.
and Dioscorides teacheth. Good's Kusbandrie, 1568. And for their nymphals, building amorous bowers,
AMYLLIER. An almond-tree. Oft drest this tree with anadems of flowers.
The briddes in blossoms thei beeren wel loude TJrayton's Owl, ed, 1748, p. 411.
On olyves, and amylliert, and al kynde of trees. ANADESM. A band to tie up wounds. Minsheu.
ThePistill of Susan, st. 7-
AMYRID. Assisted; remedied. (A.-N.) ANAGNOSTIAN. A curate that serveth onely
To help the with my power, thow shalt be ami/rid
to reade, or a clarke or scoller that readeth to
As ferforth as I may. Chauc&; ed. Urry, P- 617. a writer or his master. Mins?ieu.
AMYTTE. To approach. (A.-S.) ANAIRMIT. Armed. Gaw.
Any science that is trouthe, ANALEM. A mathematical instrument for
Y shal ttmytte me ther-to. MS. Sari 2382, f. 119. finding the course and elevation of the sun.
AN. (1) A.
The king of Spayne and his sones, and here semli AN-ALL. Also. A Yorkshire phrase, the
puple, use and force of which are correctly exhibited
Went with him on gate wel an five myle.
Will, and the Wenvolf, p. 184. in the following stanza :
Paul fell down astounded, and only not dead,
(2) On. Cf. Piers Ploughman, p. 2; Rob. For Death was not quit? within call :
Glouc. p. 3 ; Chaucer, Cant. T. 11161 ; Rom. of Recovering, he found himself in a warm bed,
the Rose, 2270; SirEglamour, 906. And in a warm fever an-alL
Wanne Cy was armed and wel an horce, Hunter's Hallamsh. Gloss, p. 4.
Than spronf, up is herte. MS. Ashmole 33, f. 40,
Thou olde and for-horyd man, ANALYNG. "Weber thinks tMs may be a cor-
Welle lytulle wytt ys the an, ruption of annihilating, i. e. killing. See
That thou folowest owre kynge. Kyng Alisaunder, 2166, " analyng of stronge
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 219. knighttes," but we should no doubt read
Sche no told him nought al her cas, avafyng, descending from or falling off their
Bot that sche was a wriche wiman, horses.
Thatmichel sorwe so was an, ANAMELDE. Enamelled. Cf. Tundale, p. 64 -,
Gy of WartoiJee, p. 170.
•Warton's Hist. Engl. Poet. iL 42.
(3) Prefixed to a verb, in the same manner as A, Thay were anamelde with asure,
q. v. See instances in Virgilius, ed. Thorns, With terepysand with tredoure.
Sir JDegrevante, Lincoln MS. f, 133.
p, 13 ; Matthew, iv. 2 ; Pegge's Anecdotes of ANAMET. A luncheon. Hants.
the English Language, p. 180 ; Prompt. Parv.
p. 172. ANAMOURD. Enamoured.
A grete mayster and a syre Cf. Ernare', 226.
(4) Than. North and East. Was anamowd so on hyre. MS. Harl. 1701, f. 54.
(5)if,If.where
Sometimes a contraction Al anamourd on him thai were,
it occasionally means of
as and "before
if, (Mids. And loved Gij for his feir chere.
Night's Dream, i. 2,) and it is sometimes re- Gy of Wartvike, p. 5.
dundaut, especially in the provincial dialects. ANAMZAPTUS. This word repeated in the ear
(6) And. This sense is not uncommon. See of a man, and anamzapta in that of a woman,
Jennings, p. 118 ; Octovian, 1078. is said to be a cure for the falling sickness, in
For they nolde not forsake here trw fay,
a curious early English MS. printed in the
An byleve on hys falsse lay.
Const, of Masonry, p. 31. Archaeologia, xxx. 399.
(7) To give. (A.-S.) Sometimes as unnan in ANAN. How ? What do you say ? It is made
the primary sense, to favour, to wish well to ; use of in vulgar discourse by the lower class
as in Sir Tristrem, p. 173. See Qu. Rev. of persons addressing a superior, when they
K 372 ; Sir Tristrem, pp. 168, 264. do not hear or comprehend what is said to
(8) A dwelling. them. It is going out of use now. It is also
So wele were that ilke man, a corruption of anon, immediately.
Thatmijte wonnen in that an. ANANSY. To advance ; to exalt. So Hearne
Flor. and Blanch, 258.
explains it, in Hob. Glouc. p. 199. The
(9) To hate. Lane. Heralds' College MS. reads avaunce ; and
(10) One. North. Cf. Chester Plays, i. 233, perhaps we should here print it avansy.
238; Sir Tristrem, p. 150. ANAPE. Apparently the name of a herb. It is
~ • And but on yje
mentioned in an old receipt in a MS. of the
Amonge hem thre in purpertye. 15th century, penes me.
Gcwer, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 41.
AN APES. Cloth. It seems to be some fine
ANA. In an equal quantity. Still used by
kind of fustian. See Cotgrave, in v. Velours.
physicians. It is generally found as an adjunct to fustian,
Tak jarow and waybrede ana, and stampe
thama, aal temper thame with wyne or ale, and as in Laneham, p. 31 ; Brit. Bibl. ii. 401
glff It the «eks at drynke. MS. Lincoln. MeL f, 293. This is of course the proper reading in Mid*
 ANC ; ANC
dleton's Works, iv. 425, " set a-fire my fustian ship, of which some parts gave names to the
and apes breeches," which the editor proposes parts of a church. Kennetfs MS. Gloss.
to correct to Naples breeches. To mend the ANCHYRCHE. A church. See Hearne's gloss,
to Rob. Glouc. and the Chrou. p. 232. It
matter, we actually find apes' breeches set down should probably be two words.
in the index to the notes ! Fustian anapes is
also mentioned in the Strange Man telling ANCIE NT. A standard-bearer, or ensign-bearer
Fortunes to Englishmen, 1662. an officer now called an ensign. The word was
ANARWE. To render timid. The BodL MS. also used for the flag or ensign of a regiment
reads "an-arewest." Perhaps it means, to or of a ship. The old editions of the Merry
narrow, to diminish. Wives of Windsor mention on their titles,
He makith heom way with scharpe launce ; " the humours of Corporal Nyrn and Ancient
Thy men anarwith thy continauncc. Pistol." See also Collier's Old Ballads, p. 31 ;
Kyng AHsaunder, 3346.
ANATOMY. A skeleton. Lister tells us he was Percy's Reliques, pp. 73, 144 ; Leycester Cor-
respondence, p17
. j Account of the Grocers'
so thin he " was like an anatomy." See his Company, p. 330. Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033,
Autobiography, ed. Wright, p. 45. has amhent, the flag in the stern, of a ship.
ANAUNTRINS. If so be. North. In East ANCILLE. A maid-servant. (Lat.) Cf.
Sussex the form anaimtrins is in use. It
seems to be connected with the old word Chaucer's ABC, 109 ; Lydgate's Minor Poems,
aunter; so that anauntrins would correspond That she was doughtre of David by discent,
to peradventure. See Rob. Glouc. pp. 206, 311. p. Sterre
37. of the see and Goddes owne ancille,
ANBERRY. A kind of bloody wart on a horse. Lydgate, MS.Jshmole 39, f, 10.
Biholde, quod sche, of God the meke ancille,
See TopselTs Hist, of Four-Footed Beasts,
With alle my herte obeyinge to his wille.
p. 420 ; Markham's Cavelaxice, b. vii. p. 80 ; Lydgate, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 2.
Florio, in v, Mdro; Diet. Rustic, in v. Anbury.
In the East of England, a knob or excrescence ANCLE-BONE. A name given by sailors to the
on turnips or other roots is called, an atiberry. prickly
Lajisd. lobster.
1033, f. 16,See Kennett's Glossary, MS.
AN B LE RE . An ambling nag. ANCLERS. Ancles. Salop.
The meyr .stod, as ye may here,
And saw hym come ride up anblere. Launfal, 92.
ANCLET. The ancle. North. Sometimes a
ANBY. Some time hence; in the evening. ANCLIFF. The ancle. North.
Somerset.
ANCAR. A hermit. See Anchor. gaiter.
ANCLOWE. The ancle. (A.-S.) Cf.Arthour
and Merlin, 5206.
•With horn in every place I have moche besynes, In blood he stode, ich it abovre,
and also with an anew in that howse.
Of horse and man into the anclowe.
Wrights Monastic Letters, p. 212.
Elite's Met. Rom. i. 279.
ANCEANDE. Anciently.
For men may oppen and se thrugh thiskay, ANCOME. A small ulcerous swelling, formed
Wat has been anceande, and sail be aye. unexpectedly. Rider translates it morbus ad-
Clavis Sdentieet p. 3. ventitius. According to Diet. Rustic. " a
ANCESSOURE. Ancestor. swelling or bump that is hard and hot." See
To the and to thi kynde haf thei don honours, Estward Hoe, iii. 1 ; Qu. Rev. Iv. 372. In.
Londes haf thei gyven to thin ancessoure. Scotland, an attack of disease is called an on-
Peter Langtoft, p. 116. come; and in. a curious MS. of old receipts in
ANCHAISUN. Reason ; cause.
And for anchai&un of mi sone, Lincoln Cathedral, f. 300, is one " for onkome
The more and for is lore. MS* Land. 108,, f. 115. one arme," which agrees with what Mr. Garnett
says of the form of the word in the place just
A.NCHANTEOR. An enchanter. cited. See Uncome.
Ac anchanteor Edwyne adde of Spayne wyth hym tho,
ANCONY. A term in the iron works for a bloom,
That couthe hym segge of ys ded.es al hou yt ssolde go.
Rob. Glouc. p. 243. wrought into the figure of a flat iron bar, about
ANCHILATION. Frustration. It is so explained three feet in length, with a square rough knob
in an old glossary in MS. Rawl. Poet. 108. on each end. See Kennett's MS. Gloss, f. 3 6.
In Staffordshire one of these knobs is called an
ANCHOR. (1) A Dutch liquid measure, or cask,
often used by smugglers to carry their brandy ANCRE. ancony-end, the other a mocket-head.
An anchor.
on horseback. See the notes of the commen-
Right so fareth Love, that selde in one
tators on Merry Wives of W. i. 3. Holdeth his ancre, for right anone,
(2) An. anchoret ; a hermit. Whan thei in ese wene best to live,
To desperation turn my trust and hope, They ben with tempest all for-drive.
An anchor's cheer in prison be my scope, Horn, of the Rose, 3JT80.
Hamlet, iii. 2. 4to ed.
ANCRE S. A female anchoret, or hermit. The
(3) To hold like an anchor. In the East of term ancre is applied to a nun in Reliq. Antiq.
England, the strong tenacious spreading roots ii. 1 ; Rob. Glouc. p. 380. Palsgrave, f. 17, has,
of vigorous plants are said to anchor out.
ANCHORIDGE. A church porch, particularly "Anchre, a religious man; anchres, a religious
that belonging to the cathedral church of Nowe wyll I take the mantelland therynge,
Durham ; perhaps so called in allusion to a And become an ancrewe In my lyvynge.
woman."
Squyr ofLaweItegr£t S66»
 AND ANE
60
Or for what cause she may no husband have, AN>DUR. Either. (Dan.)
But live an ancresse in so strict a roome. Thow I me to townward drawe,
Hay wood's Great Britaines Troy, 1609, p. 95. Andw to lurke or to leyke,
ANCYLE. A kind of javelin or dart, or the The wyves wil out me drawe,
leather thong with which it is thrown. And dere me with her doggus grete.
MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 110.
Phillips.
AND. (1) If. North. ANDYRS. Other. (A.-S.} The more usual form
So wole Crist of his curteisie, is entires, as in the Lincoln MS. f. 149. See
And men crye hym mercy, a similar phrase in Sharp's Coventry Myst. p.
Bolhe forgy ve and foryete.
113. Jamieson explains it St. Andrew's day,
Piers Ploughman, p. 362. the 30th of November ; but it is difficult to
(2) Used redundantly in old ballads. reconcile this explanation with the " mery
Robin Hood he was, and a tall young man,
And fifteen winters old. Robin Hood, ii. 12. As I me went this andyrs day,
mornyng of May"
(3) Breath. See Aande. (Isl.) Fast on my way makyng my mone,
Myn ees are woren bothe marke and blynd, In a mery mornyng of May,
Myn and is short, I want wynde, Be Huntley bankes myself alone.
Thus has age dystroed my kynd. MS. Cantab, Ff. v. 48, f. 116.
Towneley Mysteries, p 154,
ANE. (1) A beard of corn. See an account of
Thai rested than a litel stound, different kinds of wheat, and the anes, in
For to tak thair ande tham till,
And that was with thair bother will. Fitzharbert's Booke of Husbandrie, ed. 1598,
Yivaine and Gawin> 3555. p. 22, See Aane.
Ryghte es it by prayere als by draweyng of ande, (2) One; a. Cf. Hartshorne's Met. Tales, p.
for ever to jemyng of cure bodily lyfe us nedis to 47 ; Cokwold's Daunce, 194 ; Ritson's Ane.
drawe oure ande, that es, to drawe ayere. Songs, p. 23.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 250. The kyng of Charturs was tane,
And other Sarsyns many ane.
AND-AW. Also; likewise. North. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 168.
ANDEDE. (1) Indeed. So explained by Hearne ; Thay faht wiht Heraud everilk ane,
but see Hob. Glouc. p. 320, where it is " an Wiht gud wil thay wald him slane.
dede," i. e, a deed. Guy of Warwick, MiMlehlll MS.
(2) Confessed. Verstegan. And souner to many then to ane,
That here hath the ri3t trouthe tane.
ANDELONG. Lengthways. (A.-S.)
Andelang, nouht overthwert,
His nose went unto the stert. HaveloTe, 2822. Thus was Thow aye and evereMS.salJe
Bodl.
be, 48, i. 5*
ANDERSMAS. The mass or festival of St. An- Thre yn ane, and ane yn thre.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 189.
drew. YorJcsh.
ANDERSMEAT. An afternoon's luncheon. (3) Alone. " Bi hyme
And he lighte ane," and
off his horse, by himself.
went bi hyme ane
Cf. Florio in v. Mercnda. See also Aunder. to the Jewes, and knelid downe to the erthc, und
ANDESITH. Previously. (A.-S.) wirchippede the hye namp of Godd.
Aff rik that es the tother parti, Life of Alexander, MS. Lincoln, f. 6.
That andesith was cald Libi.
MS. Cott. resptts. A. iii. f. 13. (4)Alivs
A. ! thou
See seli
n". Fraunce,
2. for the may thunche shome,
ANDIRONS. The ornamental irons on each That ane fewe fullaris maketh ou so tome.
side of the hearth in old houses, which were Wright's Political Songs, p. 194.
accompanied with small rests for the ends
of the logs. The latter were sometimes (5J Own. North.
(6) 1*0 aim at. Somerset,
called dogs, but the term andirons frequently
included both, as in the proverb recorded by The heade and armes hangynge on the one syde of
Howell, " Bauds and attorneyes, like andyrons, (7)theOn.
horse, and the legges ane the other hyile, and all
the one holds the sticks, the other their clients, byspryncled wyth myre and blonde.
Hall, Richnrtl UI, f 34.
till they consume." Mr. J. G, Nichols, glossary ANEAOUST. Near to; almost. HMfurM.
to the Unton Inventories, considers the dogs
to be synonymous with the creepers, q, v. but ANEAR. (])Near. Somerset, Richardson quotes
the term was also applied to part of the and- an example of this word from Bishop Atter-
irons, and the latter are still called andogs in bury, Let. 50.
the Western counties. We find in Ducange, (2) To approach.
I hyre say that all men that wylbe sworne unto
" andena est ferrum, supra quod opponuntur hym, they shall take noo hurte by hym, ne by none
ligna in igne, quod alio nomine dicitur hyper- that is toward hym ; by meanes whvreof diverse hus-
pyrgium ;" and Miege makes the andiron and bandmen a»eryth unto hym» for fere of lostys of
dog synonymous. The andirons were some- ther goodes. Staf Papers, ii, 200.
ANEARST. Near. Exmoor. The more com-
times made of superior metal, or gilt, and of
very large dimensions. See Malone's Shake- mon Somersetshire form is ancast. Nares says
speare, xiii. 85 ; Reliq. Antiq. ii. 84 ; Halle of
aneirst, a provincial term for the nearest way.
John Halle, i. 600 ; The Alchemist, v. 1. . See his Gloss, in v. An-heirs.
ANEATH. Beneath. North.
ANDULEES. Puddings made of hog's guts and
spice. They are mentioned in an old MS. ANE-BAK. Aback. Gaw.
printed in the Archseologia, xiii, 371, 388. ANEDE. United ; made one. At f. 227 of the
 ANE t1 ANE
Lincoln MS. anede is given as the translation Wharfore ourlevedy mayde.i Mary
of mhabitavit. Was in pryv6 place anely.
MS. Bibl. ColL Sim. xviii. 6.
We may noghte hafe the vis of his luf here in ful-
So anely the lufe of hir was soghte,
filling, bot we may hafe a desyre and a gret 5ernyng
To dede thay were nere dyghte.
for to be present to hym for to se hym in his blysse, MS Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 118.
and to be anede to hym in lufe.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 226. Worldes men that sees haly men have thaire hope
anely in thyng that es noght in sight.
ANE-END. Upright ; not lying down ; on one MS. Coll. Eton. 10, f. 40.
end. When applied to a four-footed animal, it Sir, jelif ananZylife,
means rearing, or what the heralds call ram- We wald jow rede to wed a wife.
pant. Var. dial. In Cheshire, it signifies per- MS. Cott, Galba E. ix. f. 23.
petually, evermore. In some glossaries the or- ANELYNES. Solitariness.
thography isanind. Cotgrave has " to make Noghte in delytes, bot in penance; noghte in
one's wantone joyeynge, botinbytter gretynge; noghte
Dresser.haire stand annend," in v. Ahurir, emange many, bot in anelynea.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 193.
ANEHEDE. Unity.
For God wald ay with the Fader and the Son, ANEMIS. Lest. Ray. under the word spar,
And with the Haly Cast in anehede won. says, " This word is also used in Norfolk, where
MS. Harl. 4196, f. 215. they say spar the door anemis he come, i. e. shut
Dere frende, wit thou wele that the ende and the
the door lest he come in." It does not appear
soveraynte" of perfeccione standes in a verray anehede that this word is still in use.
of Godd and of manes saule, by perfyte charyte\
MS. Lincoln A. 1. 17, f. 219. ANEMPST. With respect to ; concerning. See
ANELACE. A kind of knife or dagger, usually Wright's Monastic Letters, p. 167; Rutland
worn at the girdle. It is mentioned by Papers, pp. 5,14, where it is used in the same
sense as anenst, q. v.
Matt. Paris, who seems to say it was for- And wee humbly beseech your highnes wee may
bidden priests to wear. See Ducange. in v. knowe your Graces pleasure howe wee shall order
Anelacius ; Halle of John Halle, i. 212. ourselves anempst your graces saydcy tie and castell,
At sessions ther was he lord and sire ; for our discharge. State Papers, ii. 204.
Ful often time he was knight of the shire. In the tother seven bene
An anelace and a gipclere all of silk Anamptes our neyhcbour, y wene.
Heng at his girdel, white as morwe milk. MS. BodL 48, f. 63.
Chaucer, Cant. T. 359.
AN-END. Onwards; towards the end. A
Sche schare a-to hur own halse
Wyth an analasse. MS, Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 94. Norfolk clown calls to his companion " to go
Bot Arthur with ane anlace egerly srayttez,
an-end" when he wants him to go forward.
See the Two Gent, of Verona, iv. 4. In some
Aud hittez ever in the hulke up to thehiltez.
Morte Arthurs* MS. Lincoln, f. 65. counties we have the expression " to go right
ANELAVE. To gape. This word occurs in an an-end," i. e. to go straight forward without
delay in any project.
old vocabulary in MS. Harl. 219 of the fif- ANENDIE. To finish. [Amendie ?]
teenth century, as the translation of the French And thene at then ende,
verb "beer." Here sunnen al anendie. MS. Diqby 86, f. 128.
ANELE. (1) To anoint with holy oil. Cf. ANENS. Chains ; fetters.
Prompt. Parv. p. 11 ; Wright's Monastic Let- Now er his anens wrouht of silvere wele over gilt ;
ters, p.34. See Aneling. Dayet that therof rouht, his was alle the gilt.
Peter Lmngtoft, p. 167.
(2) To temper in the fire. Cf. Ashmole's Theat.
Chem. SoBrit. p. 96 ; Baret's Alvearie, in v. ANENST. Against ; opposite to ; over against.
as the fyre it hath anelid,
u Ex opposite ecclesicB) Anglice, anens the
Liche unto slyra whiche is congeled.
Gow&r, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 194. cherche." — MS. Bib. Keg. 12 B i. f. 84. It is
also used in the sense of concerning. See
ANELEDE. Approached. (A.-S.) Plumpton Correspondence, pp. 7, 172 ; Apo-
Bothe wyth bullez and berez, andborezotherquyle,
And etaynez, that hym anelede> of the heje felle. logy for the Lollards, pp. 29, 80 ; Wright's
Syr Gawayne, p, 28. Monastic Letters, p. 54 ; Mono, in v. Ardndaa
ANELING. (1) An animal that brings forth one rdnda f Maundevile's Travels, p. 298.
Tak thane and mye it smalle, and do it alle to-
young at a time. gedir, and roak it in a playster, and lay it one thi
Their ewes also are so full of increase, that some breste anense thi hert. MS. Meditin. Catk. Line, f.289.
dos usuallie bring foorth two, three, or foure lambes
at once, whereby they account our aneling-s, which
ANENT. Over against ; immediately opposite.
are such as bring foorth but one at once, rather bar- Watson says it is common in Halifax to hear
ren than to be kept for aniegaine. the expression opposite anent. The Scottish
meaning concerning does not appear to be now
Harrison's Desc. of B fit . p. 42.
(2) The sacrament of anointing. Cf. Sir used in Yorkshire. Anentis occurs in Reli^.
T. More's Works, p. 345; Brit. Bibl. ii. 532, Antiq. ii. 47, in the sense of concerning ,* and in
These clerkys kalle hytoynament,
On Englys hy t ys anetyng, MS. Harl. 1701, f. 74.
Hardyng's Chronicle, f. 170, in the sense of
against. S ee also Wickliffe's New Test. p. 23 ;
ANELY. Only ; alone ; solitary. Plumpton Corresp-p. 77.
And that it be for chastiing Of that doun-cast we may bi chaunce
Anely, and for none other thing. Anent this world get eoveraunce.
2f& Cott. Galba E. ix. f. 70. Cursor Mundi, MS. Cantab, f. 141*
 ANE 62 ANG
Abstinence Is than ryght clere anenyste God. Tik May butter and comyne, and stampethame
MS. Hart. 6580 samene, and laye it on lyve, and thane laye it on the
ANE OUST. Near ; almost. Var. dial. eghe, and ofte anetoe it. MS. Lincoln. Med. f. 284.
ANERDIS. Adheres ; dwells with. Gaw. (2) Enough. Var. dial
ANERLUD. Adorned? Take jws of rubarbe ful aney,
With miche and nevyn, And as mekyl of eysyl, I the sey.
Archceologia, xxx. 355.
Anerlud with ermyn, MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 84. ANEYS. Aniseed.
ANERN. See Kyng Alisaunder, 560, where Thenne messe it forth, and florissh it with aneys in
"Weber
should conjectures anon,
not be an ern, i. e. doubting
an eagle. whether it
confy t rede other whyt. Forme of Cuiy, p. 26,

ANERRE. To draw near to ; to approach. See ANFALD. Single ; one. (A.-S.)

linear. Therfor
For he es isanfald
he caldGocid
Trinite",
in thre.
As long as the gale puffeth full in your sailes , doubt MS Cott. Vespas. A. in. f. 3.
not but diverse will anen-e unto you, and feed on ANFELDTYHDE. A simple accusation. (A.-S.)
you as crowes on carion.
Stanihurst's Hist, of Ireland, p. 90. inv.
See Bromton's Chronicle, quoted by Skinner
ANERTHE. On the earth. Cf. Rob. Glouc.
ANG. The hairy part of an ear of barley. North.
pp.311, 441 ; Black's Cat. of Ashmol. MSS. Probably a corruption of awn.
col. 67 ; St. Brandan, p. 3.
After that God anerthe com ANGARD. Arrogant. (A.-N.) The following
Aboute vif hondred jere. MS. Ashmole 43, f. 172. is quoted in the glossary to Syr Gawayne.
Thire athils of Atenes, ther angard clerkis,
ANE S. (1) Just like; similar to. Somerset. In Than reverenst thai the riche seele, and red over
the same county we have anes-to, almost, ex- the pistille. MS* Ashmole 44, f. 40.
cept, allbut. ANGEL. (1) A gold coin, varying in value from
(2) Ouce. Cf. Ywaine and Gawin, 292 ; Reliq. about six shillings and eightpence to ten shil-
Antiq. ii. 280. Still used in the North.
For why thay dide the bot anes that dede, lings affording
; a subject for many a wretched
And they knewe the noghte Gode in manhede. pun to Shakespeare and his contemporaries. It
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 190. was introduced by Edward IV. in the early part
ANE SAL. A term in hawking. See a tract on of his reign. See Davies's York Records,
the subject in Reliq. Antiq. i. 299. p. 168. It is used in the primitive sense of a
ANET. The herb dill. See a receipt in MS. messenger ',in Tarn, of the Shrew, iv. 2. "There
Med. Cath. Line. f. 286 ; Minsheu, in v. spake
ANETHE. Scarcely. The more usual form is See SiranThomas
angel,"More,
an oldp. proverbial
6. expression.
unnethe, but anethys occurs in Prompt. Parv. (2) An angular opening in a building. See
p. 12. (A-S.) Willis's Architectural Nomenclature, p. 52.
Sora dansed so long, ANGEL-BED. A kind of open bed, without
Tell they helde owt the townge, bed-posts. Phillips.
And anethe meyt hepe. ANGEL-BREAD. A kind of purgative cake,
FrereandtUeBoy, st. Ixxxi.
But if Mars hathe be with the lune or mercury of made principally of spurge, ginger, flour, and
oatmeal. A receipt for it is given in an old
sol, it shallbeagretinfirmyte', and anethe
speke.
he shalle
MS.Eodl.591. MS. of receipts in Lincoln Cathedral, f. 291.
ANETHER. To depress. See a passage in the ANGELICA. A species of masterwort. See
Gerard, ed. Johnson, p. 999, and the Nomen-
Heralds' College MS. quoted by Hearne, p.
In thys half there were aslawe the noble men and
46. clator, 1585, p. 128.
hende, And as they walke, the virgins strow the way
SyreLyger due of Babyloyne, and another due al-so, With costmary and sweete angelica.
And the erl of Salesbury, and of Cycestre therto ; Hey wood's Marriage Triumph, 1613.
And also the erl of Bathe, so that thoru thys cas ANGELICAL-STONE. A kind of alchemical
The compaynye a thes half rauche anethered was. stone, mentioned by Ashmole, in his Pro-
Rob. Glouc p. 21 7.
legomena to the Theat Chem. Brit. 1652.
ANEUS'T. Much phrase,
the same. Grose angives the Howell inserts angelical-water in the list of
Gloucestershire "aneustcti. aneust- perfumes appended to his Lexicon, sect. 32.
ness" corresponding to the more common ANGELICK. Dr. Dee informs us in MS.
"much of a muchness," though the a is gene- Ashmole 1790, that his magical works are
rally dropped. Florio has " Arente, anenst, " written in the angelick language." i. e. the
aneust, very neere unto ;" and Grose says in language of spirits ; and they are certainly most
Berkshire it has the sense of "about the incomprehensible documents.
matter, nearly." In an old grammatical tract ANGELOT. (1) A small cheese brought from
in MS. Bib. Reg. 12 B. i. f. 82, is "Quantum ad Normandy, and supposed by Skinner to have
hoc, Angltce, aneust that." been
ANEW. (1) To renew. Cf. Depos. of Richard name. originally so called from the maker's
II. p. 15. Your angelots of Brie,
Thanne come the tothir ij. kyngis, and toke his Your Marsolini, and Parmasan of LodJ.
body, and anewed it with bysshopys clothis and The Wits, iv. 1.
kyngis ornamentes, and bare hym to this tombe, and (2) A gold coin of the value of half an angel,
with grete devocioun leyde hym therynne. current when Paris was in possession of the
MS. Karl, 1704.
English
 63 ANH
ANG
ANGRY. Painful ; inflamed ; smarting. Fox,.,
ANGEL'S-EOOD. Apparently a cant term for
heavy ale. See a curious account in Harrison's says " painfully inflamed," and applies it to
Description of England, p. 202. kibes, as Florio does, in v. Pedignoni. It is the
ANGER. Sorrow. (A.-S.) It is both a substan- gloss of the Latin molestm in Reliq. Antiq. i.
tive and a verb. Cf. Erie of Tolous, 914 ; 8 ; and it seems to be used in a somewhat simi-
Prompt. Parv. p. 12 ; Towneley Myst. p. 99 ; lar sense in Julius Caesar, i. 2. In. a collection
Will, and the Werwolf, p. 21. of old MS. recipes, in Lincoln Cathedral, is
Than sayd the lady fay re and free, one for anger in the liver, f. 305, meaning
If je be angrede for the luflfe of mee,
It graves me wondir sare.
of course inflammation- See the example
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 139. quoted under Thonwanae / and Piers Plough-
And as thay went one this wyse with grete angere man, p.266.
and disese, aboute the elleved houre they saw a litille ANGRY-BOYS. A set of youths mentioned by
bate in the rivere made of rede, and mene rowande some of our early dramatists as delighting to
theriu. Life of Alexander, MS, Lincoln, f. 28. commit outrages, and get into quarrels. See
ANGERICH. Angrily. the Alchemist, iii. 4.
And angericfi I wandrede Get thee another nose, that will be pull'd
The Austyns to prove. On? by the angry boys for thy conversion.
Piers Ploughman, p. 466. Scornful Lady, iv. 2,
ANGERLY. Angrily. ShaJk. ANGUELLES. A kind of worms, mentioned by
ANGILD. A fine. SJcinner. early writers, as being troublesome to sick
ANGIRLIGHE. Angrily. hawks. In MS. Harl. 2340 is given an ac-
But for that he with angir wroujte, count of a medecine " for wormys called an-
His angris cwgirliche he boujte.
Gotver, MS. Soc. Antiq.. 134, f. 86. guelles ;" and another may be found in the
Book of St. Albans, ed. 1810, sig. C.iii. See
ANGLE. (1) A corner. also Reliq. Antiq. i. 301. (Lat.)
Go, run, search, pry in every nook and angle of
the kitchens, larders, and pastries.
ANGUISHOUS. In pain; in anguish. Wick-
The Woman Hater, i. 2. liffe used it as a verb, New Test. p. 141.
I was bothe anguishous and trouble
(2) An astrological term applied to certain For the perill that I sawe double.
houses of a scheme or figure of the heavens, Rom. of the Rose, 1755.
ANGLE-BERRY. A sore, or kind of hang-nail My wordes to here,
under the claw or hoof of an animal. North. That bought hym dere,
On crosse anguyously. New Notbornne Mayd.
See Kennett's Glossary, MS. Lansd. 1033.
ANGLE-BOWING. A method of fencing the For hure is herte was angiuischose.
MS. Ashmok 33, f. 3.
grounds wherein sheep are kept by fixing rods
like bows with both ends in the ground, or in Herhaud to nim angwisous thai were.
Gy of Wartoike, p. 75.
a dead hedge, where they make angles with
each other. See the Exmoor Scolding, p. 9. ANGUSSE. Anguish,
Whan he schal with the bodi deye,
ANGLEDOG. A large earthworm. Devon. The
That in strong angusse doth smurte.
older word is angle-twitch, as in MS. Sloane Wrights Pop. Tieat. on Science, p. 140.
3548, f. 99, quoted in Prompt. Parv. p. 279.
ANHANSE. To raise ; to advance ; to exalt.
In Stanbrigii Vocabula, 1615, lumbricus is The noli rode was i-founde, as je witeth, in May,
translated by angle-touch ; and they are called And anhaxsed was in Septembre,MS.A*hmo!e43,
the holi rode day.
f. 68.
tweyanglys in Archaeologia, xxx. 376.
t For senowys that be kutt. Take awggwyltwachys, Hye nou to arihan&y us alle, and y nelle nojt be
and put them in oyle olyff smale choppyd, and than byhynde. Rob. Clow. p. 198.
ley therof in the wownde, and so let it ly iij. or iiij. And of my fortune, sooth it is certeyne
dayys. Middlehill MS. f. 12. That wondir smartly hath sche me anJiaunsid.
ANGLER. One who begs in the daytime, ob- Boetiua, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f . 293,
serving what he can steal at night. A cant For ech man that him anhansez here>
term. See Dodsle/s Old Plays, vi. 109. Mowed he scbal beo. MS. Laud. 108, f. 2.
ANGLET. A little corner. (JV.) Cotgrave The mete that thei ete ys alle forlore,
Anglicises it in v. Anglet. On the galwys they schold anhaunse.
JUS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 135.
ANGNAIL. A Cumberland word, according to
Grose, for a corn on the toe. Lye says, AN-HEH. Aloud. In the third example it ap-
parently means on high, as in RobJ Glouc. pp.
" Northamptoniensibus est clavus pedum, ge-
202, 311 ; Piers Ploughman, p. 8.
• naursa, pterugium." See Agnail, which Howell Ther stont up a jeolumen, je^eth with a jerde,
explains " a sore between the finger and nail." Ant hat out an-heh that al the hyrt herde.
ANGOBER. A kind of large and long pear. WrigW* PoZ. Songs, p. 158.
Diet. Rust. This ladyes song tho TeDettm ar^hey^e,
ANGORAS. An anchorite. And the sextens rong.tfio the belle.
And lever he had, as they trowedon ychon, Chron. Vilodun. p. 107.
To sytte upon a matte of the angoras. Angeles beremy soster soule
Chron. Vilodun. p. 35.
Into hevene an-hei^e. JSfS. CaU*"Trin. Oron. 57.
ANGROMED. Grieved; tormented. (A.-S.) ANHEIGHE. To hang? (A.-S.)
And mi gost angi-omed is over smert, And told hem this vilanie,
In me to-dreved is mi hert. And seyd he wold horn anheighs.
MS. Bodl. 425, f. a9. sdrthow and MerKn, p. 88.
 ANI 64 ANN
AN-IIEIRE8. The Host of the Garter, in the Tristrem to Ysoude wan,
Anight with Mr to play. Sir Tristrem, p. 2&
Merry Wives of Windsor, ii. L addressing Page H is fader he tolde a swefne
and Shallow, says, " Will you go, an-heires ?" Aniy that him mette. MS. Bodl. 652, f. 1.
So the folios read, and no sense can be made
of the expression as it there stands. A similar ANILE, Imbecileandfrom
this adjective, old age.
Sterne has theWalpole' uses
substantive
passage in the quartos is, " here boys, shall anility. See Richardson, in v.
we wag ? shall we wag ?" but it occurs in an- ANIME. A white gum or resin brought out of
answer otheris partthe of same.
the play,
Sir although
T. HanmerShallow's
makes the West Indies. ButtoJcar.
ANIMOSITE. Bravery.
German of it, in which he is followed by Mr. His magnanymyte,
Knight. In proposing a bold conjectural His ammosite. SJceZton's Works, ii. 81.
emendation, the general style of language em- ANIOUS. Wearisome; fatiguing.
ployed bythe Host must be considered. Thus Then thenkkez Gawan ful sone
in actiii. sc. 2, he says " Farewell, my hearts" Of his anious vy age. Syr Gawayne, p. 21 .
a method of expression also used by Bottom, AN-LKED. Angry.
Hesauh Richard an-iredt andhismykelle myght,
" Where are these hearts ?" Mids. Night's His folk arroed and tired, and ay redy to fight.
Dream, iv. 2. See another instance in Clarke's Ptitc.r Langtvft, p, 151.
Phraseologia Puerilis, 1655, p. 109. In pro- ANIS-KINES. Any kind of; any.
posing to read, " Will you go, my hearts ?" Withouten an is-Mnes duelling,
we approach as near the original as most of
the proposed emendations; or, perhaps, as Sche gan Gregori to threte.
Leg. of Pope Gregory, p. 26.
Steevens proposes, " Will you go on, hearts ?" ANKER. An anchoret ; a hermit. Cf. Prompt.
Perhaps, however, Mr. Collier has pursued the Parv. pp. 12, 83; Robin Hood, i. 36; Rom.
wisest course in leaving it as it stands in the of the Rose, 6348.
old copies. Certis, wyfe wolde he nane,
ANHERITED. Inherited ? Wenche ne no lemmane,
Bot als an arikyre in a staue
The florishede
Akres, cit6 of Aeon, that In
and stode in this contre" joy,
his vertue, is clepid
and He lyved here trewe.
Sir Degrevante, 3IS. Lincoln, f. 130,
properite", and was (inherited richely with worshipfull
princes and lordes. MS. Harl. 1704. ANKERAS. A female hermit.
AN-HOND. In hand, i. e. in his power. Hou a recluse or an ankeras shuld comende hir
Me to wreken ye schul go chastit^ to God. MS. Bodl. 423, f, 183.
Of a trey tour that is mi fo, ANKLE Y. An ankle. Went Sussex.
That is y-come up mi lond, ANLEPI. Alone; single. (A.-S.) llcnce single,
"Wer he thenketh to bring me an-hond. applied to unmarried persons. See instances
Gy of Warwike> p. 43.
in Sir F. Madden's reply to Singer, p. 34.
ANHONGED. Hanged up. (^.-£) Cf. Chaucer, He stod, and totede in at a bord,
Cant. T. 12193, 12209 ; Rob. Glouc. p. 509 ; Her he spak anilepi word. Havelok, 2107.
Sevyn Sages, 502, 651 ; Launfal, 686 ; Reliq. Anothere is ofanlepi,
Antiq. i. 87. That base bene filede and left foly.
MS. Cott. Faust. B. vi. f. 122.
That thei schuld be do to dethe deulfulli in hast,
Ane es foraicacion, a fieschle synne
Brent in brijt fur, to-drawe or an-lionged. Betwene an anelepy man and an anelepy woman.
Will, and the Werwolf, p. 172. MS. Hurl. 1032, f. 73.
And al that he my5te on-take, On ich half thai smiten him to,
Non other pes ue most they make, And he ogain to hem also ;
But leet hem to-drawe and an-7iotighef Never no was anlepy knight,
But certayn hit was al with wronghe. That so mani stund might. Gy ofWarwike, p. 13S.
MS. Douce 236, f. 13, Say also quo wos tin fere,
ANHOYE. To hover. Skmner. For wele more synne it Is
ANHYTTE. Hit; struck. To synne with a wcddid wife,
The kyng Arture ajen the brest ys felawe vorst Then with an anlepe i- \vifi.
MS. Cantab. Ff. v, 48, f. 86L
anhytte. Rob. Glouc. p. 185.
ANLET. An annulet ; a small ring. Yorkaii.
ANIENTE. To destroy ; to annihilate. (A.-N.}
It is also an old law term. See CowelTs According to Mr. Jerdan, " tags, or pieces cf
Interpreter, in v. metal attached to the ends of laces or points."
That wikkedliche and wilfulliche See Rutland Papers, p. 6 ; Brit. Bibl. ii. 397.
Wolde mercy aniente. Piers Ploughman, p. 365. Carr says it is the mark on a stone, an ancient
.The which three thinges ye ne hari not anientisaed boundary in Craven.
or destroyed, neither in youreself ne in youre con- ANLETH. The face; the countenance. (Sued,}
seillours, as you ought. Melibeus, p. 107. Ne turne thine anleth me fra,
Ne helde in wreth fra thi hine swa.
AN-IF. Used for if.
common in our old writers. The expression is very MS. Cott. Vestas. D. vli. f. 16
ANLICNES. A resemblance; an image,
ANIGH. Near. Salop. Sometimes in the Verstegan.
western counties we have anighst, near to. ANLIFEN. Livelihood ; substance.. Verstegan.
ANIGHT. In the night. Cf. Legende of ANLOTE. To pay a share of charges, according
Hypsipyle, 108 ; As You Like It, ii. 4 ; Gesta to the custom of the place. MinsftMt.
Romanoruna, p. 51, ANNARY, A yearly description. Fuller^ jj$
 ANO ANO
65
ANNE. One. The objective case of an. Cf. Reliq. ANOIOUS. Fatiguing; wearisome; unpleasant.
Antiq. ii. 272 ; Rob. Glouc. p. 223. See Harrison's Description of England, p. 214;
Ac Sarrazins were, bi mia panne, Chaucer, ed. Urry, p. 360 ; and Unions.
Ever fourti ogaines anne. Late him be ware he have no delite,
Arthow and Merlin, p. 295. Ne him rejoyce of his annoyow plite.
He slough thre ogaines anne, Occleve, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 266.
And craked mani hern-panne. Ibid. p. 214. ANOISAUNCE. A nuisance. Cowell refers to
Heo nadden with hem bote anne lof,
Tharefore heo careden ech one. stat. 22 Henry VIII. c. 5, for an example of
this word.
MS. Laud 108, f. 1.
The fisshegarth of Goldale, and other fisshegarthes
ANNET. The common gull, so called in within the ryver of Ayre, is stondyngeas yit, to the
Northumberland. See Pennant's Tour in greit common anoisaunce and intolerable hurt of the
Scotland, ed. 1790,i. 48. kynges chamber of the cit£ of Yorke.
ANNETT. First-fruits ? Darnels York Records, p. 87«
The L. Govemour, as touching the workes to be ANOLE. Too; also. Yorksh.
taken in hand, noc munielon to be lookt for, with
some occurances of the English and Spanish fleets; ANOMINATION.
law. (Gr.) An opinion contrary to
for the coming up of Capt. Case, and touching Sir
He that adornes his whole oration with no other
John Selby's meadow, Townsdales annett.
ArclifBologia, xxx. 169. trope but a sweet subjection or an anomination, may
be thought a trim man in the ears of the multitude,
ANNEXMENT. Anything annexed, or sub- but in the judgement of the elegant orators, he shall
joined. See Hamlet, iii, 3. be known as rude in his art of rhetorick,as the butcher
ANNIHILED. Destroyed. that scalded the calfe was in his craft of butchery.
Which els had been long since annihiled, Srit.mbl. ii.441.
With all other living things beside.
Loves OwZe, 1595. ANON, mat do you say? Yorfah. Seednan.
ANNOTE. A note. It is more usual in the sense of immediately,
In annote is hire nome, nempneth hit non, but is now seldom heard in the southern
Whose ryht redeth ronne to Johon. counties. The phrase "anon, sir," is often
Wright's Lyrif. Poetry) p. 26. found in our old dramatists, put into the
ANNOY. Annoyance. mouth of waiters, who now say, " coming, sir."
Farewell, my soveraigne, long maist thou enjoy
See427.
i. 1 Henry IV. ii. 4 ; Douce's Illustrations,
Thy father's happie daies free from annoy.
First Part of the Contention, 1594.
ANNUAEY. Annual. Hall ANONEN. See Ritson's Ancient Songs, p. 19,
and the observations on this word in Warton's
ANNUELLERE. A priest employed for the
purpose of singing anniversary masses for the Hist. Eagl. Poet. ii. 72. " Anone" occurs in
dead. It is spelt anniwlor in Skelton, ii. 440. Wright's Political Songs, p. 199, explained by
In London was a preest, an annuettere, the original scrihe " at one time." Mr. Wright
That therm dwelled hadde many a yere, translates it " in the first place :"
Chaucer, Cant. T. 16480, Tho spek the lion hem to,
To the fox anone his wille,
ANNUELYNGE. Enamelling. See an extract
ANONER. Under. North.
from Horman in Prompt. Parv. p. 261, where
perhaps we should read ammelynge. ANON-RIGHTES. Immediately. Cf. Ellis'a
ANNUNCIAT. Foretold. (Lat.} Met. Rom. ii. 332 ; Erie of Tolous, 193 ; Kyng
Lo Sampson, which that was annunciat Alisaunder, 170, 824 ; Harts! erne's Met. Tales^
By the angel, long or his nativitee.
Chaucer, Cant. T. 14021. He harfde in toun v. hundred knightes,
ANNYD. Annoyed; vexed. [Anuyd?] He hem of sent anon-rightes.
p. 74. Arthour and Merlin, p. 88.
So that King Philip was annyd thor alle thing.
Rob. Glove, p. 487- The chyld ansuerd anonrypit,
He was withouten begynnyng.
ANNYE. Annoyance. Cf. Rob. Glouc. p. 429 ;
MS. Ashmole 61, f. 83.
Kyng Alisaunder, 10. [Anuye?]
With sorwe was his herte betreid, ANONT. Against ; opposite. Wilts.
With care and eke annye. MS, Ashmole 33, f. 44. ANONXCION. Anointing.
Thanne sayde the Duk Terry, This was their charge and verey dewe servise
To ligge thus her ys gret anny. Ibid. f. 45. Of anonxcion tyme, to dooe and excersise.
ANNYLE. Anise seed. Huloet.
ANO. Also. North. ANONYWAR Hardyng's Chronicle^ f. 71«
At unawares.
ANOIFUL. Hurtful; unpleasant. Tho the Bry tons come myd the prisons thar,
For al be it so, that al tarying be anoiful, algates it The Roraeyns come &5en hem al anonywar.
is not to repreve in yeving of jugement, ne in ven- Rob. Glouc. p. 212.
geance taking, whan it is suffisant and resonable.
Melibeus, p. 86. ANOSED.
Thanne 'Acknowledged.
ther begynnyth all grace to wake,
ANOIING. Harm. If it withsynnebeuotanosed.
No might do with hir wicheing, ' Digby Mysteries, p . 175.
In Inglond non anoiing. ANOTH. Enough. (A.-S.)
Aithour and Merlin, p. 366. Anoth, dameseile ! quath Bkuncheflour,
To scorne me is Iit«l honour.
ANOINTED. Chief; roguish. "An anointed F/omv? and Blanncheflow, 483
scamp." 5
 A.NO ANS
66
And pitouliohe bigan to crie, ANOWCRYAND ?
Anouthe, merci, Loverd, thin ore ! Also ther is fyr of covey tyse, of tlio whiche it is
MS. Laud 108, f . 126. seyd atteanowoyancl as chymney of fyre.
MS. Egerton 842, f 2*3.
ANOTHER. " Al another," in a different way. AN OWE. Now; presently. So explained by
But Avelok thouthe al another. Havelok, 1395.
A different Tdnd ; another Mr. Utterson, Pop. Poet. ii. 147 ; but perhaps
ANOTHEK-GATES. we should read avowe, as in a similar passage at
sort. Lane.
When Hudibras, about to enter
Upon another-gates adventure, ANOYLE. To anoint. The last sacrament of the
p. 153. Catholic church. See a curious inven-
Roman
To Ralpho call'd aloud to arm,
Not dreaming of approaching storm. tory, written about 1588, in Reliq.Antiq. i. 255.
JEfwfiAftWpI.iii.428. ANOYMENTIS. This word is the translation of
ENOUGH. Enough. West. Cf. Gy of War- Hmates in an early gloss, printed in Reliq. Antiq.
wike, pp. 11, 20, 25, 40, 63, 153 ; Sir Tristrem, i. 8.
pp. 181, 301. (A.-S.) ANOYNTMENT. An ointment.
The fischers wer radi tmouf And ther Mare Mawdelayn
To don his will that ich day. Anoyntef oure Lordes fette
Legen d of Pope Gregory, p. 20. With a riche anointment,
ANOUR. (1) Honour. And his hede i-wis. MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 86.
Herhaud onswerd, I chil you telle ANOYT. Turning?
The best conseyl ich have in wille ; That other brauche ful ryjt goyt
Gif thou themperours douhter afo, To the lytil fyugere, without anoyt.
Riche thou best ever mo ; Reliq. Antiq. i. Iflfl.
After him thou best emperour, ANPYRE. Empire. The following is an extract
God hath the den gret anour. from the Metrical Chronicle of England.
Gy of PParwike, p. 149. All Cornewalle and Devenshire,
Tho was he erl of gret anour, All thys were of hys anpyre. Rob. Glouc. p. 733.
Y-knowen in alle Aquiteyne.
Leg. Cathol p. 43. ANREDNESSE. Unity of purpose. (4.-S.)
AN'S-AFE. I am afraid. Yorksh.
(2) To honour.
With this he ras out of his place ANSAUMPLE. An example.
Ore Loverd wende ahoute and prechede that folk,
That he anoured him in.
ATS, Fairfax 14. And seide hem anwumptes fale.
MS. Laud. 108, f. 2.
In diademe anoured and with palle
MS.Harl.3m, f-367* ANSEL. Generally spelt hansel, q. v. It seems
ANOUREMENT. Adornment. to be used in the sense of hansel in Decker's
I am tormentide with this blewfyre on my hede, Satiro-Mastix, ap. Hawkins, in. 137. See also
for my lecherouse anourement of myne heere, ande a similar orthography in Prompt. Parv. p. 14.
Other array ther one. Gesta Romanorum, p. 431. ANSHUM-SCRANCHUM. When a number of
ANOURENE, pi Honour. persons are assembled at a board where the
With gud ryghte thay love the for thaire gud- provision is scanty, and each one is almost
nes ; with gud ryghte thay anourene the for thaire obliged to scramble for what he can get, it
fairenes ; withe gud righte thay gloryfye the for will be observed perhaps by some one of the
thaire profet- MS. Lincoln, f. 199. party that they never in all their life saw such
ANOURN. To adorn. (A.-N.) anshwn-scranckum work. Line.
Whan a woman is anoumed with rich apparayle, it
setteth out her beauty double as much as it is. ANSJNE. Appearance ; figure. (^.-£)
Not no mon so muchel of pine,
Palsgrave. As povre wif that falleth in anrfne.
ANOURNEMEOTIS. Adornments. Dame Sirith, MS. Digby 86, f. Iff?.
For as alle amurmmemtis ben fayredbyhemthat
avenauntly uysithhem, so alle the halowys of heven, ANSLACHTS. Surprises. (Germ.) SeeMeyrick's
as wele aungels as men or wytnmen, ben anournedand Critical Enquiry, iii. 118.
worsehipped oonly thoru God. MS. Tanner 16, p. 53. ANSLAIGHT. Surprised. (Germ.)
I do remember yet, that atutaight, thou wast beaten,
ANOW, Enough. West. See Jennings, p. 120. And fledst before the butler.
He kest the bor doun haves anowe, . Beaumont and Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, ii. 2.
And com himself doun bi a bowe.
Sevyn Sages, 921. ANSQUARE, Answer.
AtfOWARD. Upon. See Rob. Glouc. pp. 186, Then gaf Jhesus til ham ansgttare
To alle the Jewes atte ther ware* MS. Fairfax 14.
21 1. Hearne explains it, " thorough, onward." ANSTOND. To withstand.
And anoward his rug fur y-maked,
And doth from jere to 5ere. He by vond vorst an queintyse a5en the Deneys to
anstond. Rob. Glouc. p, 267.
A cold welle and fair ther sprong, ANSUKER, The answerer; the person who
^nowarde the doune, answered to the Court of Augmentation for
That jut is there, fair and cold, the rents and profits.
A myle from the toune. As oonsemmg one farme hold, late belonging to
MS. Coll. TW». Oxon. fff. the hold of St. Robarts> which you know I did speake
The hors hem lay ano ward, to the answer for the use of the said children, and
That hem thought chaunce hard. he permised not to suit them.
drthowand $ferUnt p. 323. Plutnpton Correspondence, p. 234.
 ANT C' ANT
ANSWER. To encounter at a tournament. See and it was in those days considered an act of
the Paston Letters, ii. 4. Shakespeare uses charity and religion to feed them. St. Anthony
the substantive in the sense of retaliation, re- was invoked for the pig. See Becon's Works,
quital, in Cymbeline, iv. 4. A very common p. 138; and a quotation from Honnan in
though peculiar sense of the word has not Prompt. Parv. p. 29.
been noticed by lexicographers. To answer ANTHONY'S-PIRE. A kind of erysipelas. Var.
a front door, is to open it when any one knocks. dial. Higins says, " A swelling full of heate
At a farm-house near South Petherton, a maid- and rednes, with paine round about a sore or
servant was recently asked why she did not wound, commonly called S. Anthonies fier."
answer the door. The girl, who had an im- See the Nomenclator, 1585, p. 439.
pediment in her speech, replied, " Why — ANTHROPOMANCY. Divination by the en-
why — why, if you plaze, mim, I— I— I did'n trails of men. This species of divination is
hear'n speak 1" alluded to in Holiday's Tecnogamia, 4to
ANT. (1) Am not. Devon. Lond. 1618.
(2) And. This form of the conjunction is found ANTHROPOPHAGINIAN. A ludicrous word
chieflyin MSS. of the reign of Edward II. when introduced by Shakespeare for the sake of a for-
it is very common. midable sound, fromAnthropophaffi, cannibals.
See the Merry Wives of Windsor, iv. 5.
(3) " In an ant's foot," in a short time. A ANTICK. (1) Old.
Warwickshire phrase.
And though my antick age was freely lent
ANTEM. (1) A church. This cant word is To the committing of accursed evill.
given in the Brit. Bibl. ii. 521, more generally Nicholson' s dcolastus, 1600-
spelt autem. We have also an antern-morte, (2) An antimasque.
" a wyfe maried at the churche, and they be I saw Jn Brussels, at my being there,
The duke of Brabant welcome the archbishop
as chaste as a cow/' See the same work,
Of Mentz with rare conceit, even on a sudden
ii. 290, 520; and Harrison's Description of
England, p. 184. Perform'd by knights and ladies of his court,
In nature of an antick. Ford's Works, i.440.
(2) An anthem. (A.-S.) ANTICKS. This word occurs in a variety of
To me she came, and bad me for to sing
This antem. veraily in my dying. senses, Shakespeare has the verb to antick,
Chaucer, Cant. T. 13590. to make anticks, and anticMy, in an antick
ANTEPHNE. An antiphon. manner. See Anthony and Cleopatra, ii. 7 ;
With hool herte and dew reverence Much Ado about Nothing, v. 1. Actors are
Seyn this antephne, and this orison, frequently termed antic&s, as in the Nomen-
MS. Harl. 2278, f. 5.
clator, p.530. The ancient sculpture and
ANTER. The following is extracted from an paintings in .parish churches fall under the
old play : same denomination, and it is even applied to
That's hee that makes the true use of feasts, sends the sculptured figures in pavements.
all unto their proper places; heeiscall'd the anter; And cast to make a chariot for the king,
he hath a monopoly for allbutterie bookes, kitchinge Painted with anticTces and ridiculous toyes,
bookes, besides old declamations and theames.
MS.Bodl. 30, In which they raeane to Paris him to bring,
To make sport to their madarxxes and their boyes.
ANTERS. (1) In case that. North. Drayton's Poems, p. 43.
(2) Adventures. North. A foule doform'd, a brutish cursed crew,
Listuns now, lordinges, of enters grete. Bodied like those in antike worke devised,
Robson's Romances, p. 49. Monstrous of shape, and of an ugly hew.
ANTE-TEME. A text or motto placed at the Harrington's driostc, 1591, p. 45.
head of a theme, oration, or discourse. From
the Merrie Tales of Skeltou, p. 61, it would ANTICOR. A swelling on a horse's breast, op-
posite tothe heart. MarTcham. Miege spells
appear to be synonymous with theme. See it antocow.
also Skelton's Works, ii. 241. ANTIBOTARY. Having the qualities of an
ANTEVERT. To avert. Hall. antidote.
ANTGATE. An occasion. Skinner. From hence commeth that noble name or compo-
ANTH. And the. North. sition antidotary , called Theriaca, that is, triacle.
ANTHONY-NUT. The bladder-nut; the sta- TopseWs History of Serpents, p. 280.
phyladendron. See Florio, m^.Staphilodendro; ANTIENTS. tAncestors. Carr gives this word
Cotgrave, in v. Baguenaudes. as still used in Craven, and it occurs apparentlv
ANTHONY-PIG. The favourite or smallest pig
of the litter. A Kentish expression, according in the same sense in the Pickwick Papers',
to Grose. " To follow like a tantony pig," ANTIMASQ
p. 205. UE. Something directly opposed
i. e. to follow close at one's heels. Some de- to the principal masque, a light and ridiculous
rive this saying from a privilege enjoyed by interlude, dividing the parts of the more serious
the friars of certain convents in England and masque. It admitted of the wildest extrava-
France, sons of St. Anthony, whose swine were gances, and actors from the theatres were
permitted to feed in the streets. These swine generally engaged to perform in it. See
would follow any one having greens or other Beaumont and Fletcher, ii. 459; Ben Jonson,
provisions, till they obtained some of them ; ed. Gilford, vii. 251 ; Nares, in v., and an ae
 ANT ANV
68
count of Kr. Moore's revels at Oxford in 1636, ANTUO. Explained " one two, a two," b)
in MS. Ashmole 47. Hearne, but we should read an tuo, i. e. on two.
ANTINOMIES. Rules or laws, in opposition to See Rob. Glouc.p. 241.
some others deemed false, and haying no au- ANT- WART. A kind of wart, " deepe-rooted,
thority. See an example of this word in in
Taylor's Great Exemplar, p. 50.
broad
the Nomenclator, litle p.
below, and 1585, 444. mentioned
above,"
ANTIOCHE. A kind of wine, perhaps imported ANTWHILE. Some time ago. Warw.
or introduced from that country. A drink for ANTY. Empty, Somerset.
ANTY-TUMP. An ant-hill. Hereford*.
wounded persons, called " water of Anteoche" ANUAL. A chronicle. Rider.
is described at length in MS. Jamys, f. 40.
See also some verses on lechecrafte in MS. ANUDDER. Another. North.
Harl. 1600. ANUEL. A yearly salary paid to a priest for
Antioche and bastarde,
keeping an anniversary ; an annuity.
Pyiuent also and g arnarde, And henten, gif I mighte,
Squyr of Lowe Degit, 757- An anuel for myne owen use,
ANTIPERISTASIS. " The opposition," says To helpen to clothe. Piers Ploughman, <>. 475,
Cowley, *' of a contrary quality, by which the Suche annuels has made thes frers so wely and/ so gay,
quality it opposes becomes heightened or in- That ther may no possessioners mayntene tha|r array.
MS. tJeWr-efgoJJTB. ii. f. 63.
tended." This word is used by Ben Jonson.
See his Works, ed. Gifibrd, ii. 371. ANUETH. Annoyeth.
ANTIPHONER. This term is frequently met Moch me anueth
with in the inventories of church goods and That mi drivil druith. Reliq. Antiq, ii. 210.
ornaments in old times. It was a kind of ANUNDER. Beneath; under. North. To keep
psalm-book, containing the usual church mu- any one at anunder, i. e. to keep them in a sub-
sic, with the notes marked, as we still see ordinate or dependent situation. See also a
them in old mass books ; and so called from quotation in gloss, to Syr Gawayne, in v.
Atwaped.
the alternate repetitions and responses. See
the Archseologia, xxi. 275. Ten schypmen to londe yede,
This litel childe his litel book lerning, To se the yle yn lengthe and brcde,
As he sate in the scole at his primere, And fette water as hem was nede
He Alma redemptoris herde sing, The roche anandyr
Octuvian hnperatw, 550.
As children lered hir antlphonere.
Chaucer, Cant, T. 13449. The prisone aore than wend heo ner,
ANTIQUITY. Old age. And putte hure staf anunder.
SIS. Ashmole 33, f. 1G.
For false illusion of the magistrates
He fouten anonder selde,
With borrow'd shapes of false antiquity. Some of hem he felde. MS. Laud. 108, f. 219.
Two Tragedies in One, 1601.
ANTLE-BEER. Crosswise ; irregular. Exmoor. ANURE. To honour.
ANTLING. A corruption of St. Antonine, to Anunth God and holi chirch,
whom one of the London churches is dedicated, And ^iveth the povir that habbith nede j
and occasionally alluded to by early writers So Godis wille je bsul wirche,
And joi of heven hab to mede,
under the corrupted name. See the Roaring Wrights Political Songs, p. 205.
Girl, i. 1. ANURTHE. On the earth. This word occurs in
ANTO. If thou. Yorfah.
the Life of St. Brandan, p. 3.
ANTOYN. Anthony. Lanytqft. •
To annoy; to trouble; to harass.
ANTPAT. Opportune; apropos. Warw. ANUY. Hire(1)fader was so sore unuped,
ANTRE. (1) A cavern ; a den. (Lett.) That he tnuste non ende. MS. Harl. 2277, f- 93.
Wherein of antres vast and desarts idle,
For thai hadde the countr*1 amtived,
Rough quarries, rocks, and hills whose heads touch And with robberie destrwed. Seuyn Sages, 2013.
heaven,
It was my hint to speak. Othello, i, 3. (2) Trouble;
Al eselichvexation.
withoute anuy,
(2) To adventure. And there youre lyf ende.
And, Lord, als he es maste of myght, MS. Harl. 2277, f- 46.
He send his socor to that knyght, And for non eorthelich amiy,
That thus in dede of charite" Ne for dethe ne flechchie nought.
This day antres hys lif for me. MS. Laud 108, f. 181.
Ywaine and Gawin* 3508.
ANVELT. An anvil. See Reliq. Antiq. i. 6 ;
Thou ant&'d thi life for luf of me. Ibid, 3809.
Malory's Morte d' Arthur, i. 7.
ANTRESSE. Adventured.at arst(^.-AT.)
Thaiine Alisaundrine than antresse hera Upon his an-oett up and downe,
Therof he toke tiie firste sowne.
tills. Will, arid the Wwwolf, p. 38.
ANTRTJMS. Affected airs ; insolences ; whims. ANVEMPNE. The DremvofCfiauw, HG.1?.
To envenome.
" A's in as antrums this morning," would be I am nott wurthy, Lord, to loke up to hefne,
said of a rude person as well as of a skittish My synful steppys anvempnyd the groun;!e.
horse. This form of the word is given in the Coventt-y Mysteriet, p. 75.
Suffolk and Cheshire glossaries, but the more ANYERDRE. To overthrow. Somerset. Per-
usual expression is tantrums. haps a mistake for auverdre. I insert it oil
ANTUL. An thou wilt ; if thou wilt. Yorfah. Mr, Holloway's authority.
 APA f9 APE

ENVIED. Explained by Weber envied, enraged, He that es verrayly mcke, God sal safe hyin of
there, here aparty , and in thetother woildeplenerly.
in the following passage ; but we should cer- MS. Coll. Eton. 10, f. 40.
tainly read anuied, part, of the verb anuy, q. v.
See also Annye, which may perhaps be a similar APAST. Passed. Still used in the West of Eng-
land. Cf. Gy of Warwike, pp. 148, 457;
eiTor.
Alisaundre anvied was ; Strutt's Regal Antiquities, ed. Planche, p. 77.
Over the table he gon stoupe, The nyjt hurenejehede faste,
And smot Lifias with the coupe,
That the day was nej ago ;
That he fcol doun in the flette. The lordes buth than apaste
Kyng Alisawder, 1102. Wythoute more ado.
MS. Ashmole 33, f. 20.
ANVIL. (1) The— handle:
or hilt of
Here I clip
a sword. Apassyd be twenty jere
That we togedyr have ly vyd here.
The awil of my sword. Coriolanus, iv. 5. MS. Hart. 1701, f. 13.
(2) A little narrow flag at the end of a lance. To grete disport and daliaunce of lordes and alle
Meyrick. worthi werrioures that ben apassed by wey of age
ANWARPE. To warp. Minsheu. al labour and travaillyng.
ANWEALD. Power; authority. STcinner. Vegeeius, MS. Douce 291, f. 120.
ANWORD. An answer ; a reply. Verstegan. Tho this li^th apassed was,
ANY. Either; one of two. It usually signifies Huy in the put to grounde,
Thare inne of this holie man,
one of many.
And if that any of us have more than other, No thing huy ne seijen ne founder
MS. Land 108, f. 174.
Let him be trewe, aud part it with his brother.
Cfiavcer, Cant. T. 7115. APAYEN. To satisfy ; to please ; to like. (A.-N.)
Therwith was Perkyn apayedr
A-NYE. In nine.
The k\ng won Normandye, and also god Aungeo, And preised hem faste.
Piers PlottgJiman, p. 123.
And wythynne a-nye 3er al thys was y-do. In herte I wolde be wele apayede,
Rob. Glouc. p. 186.
ANYNGE. Union. Myghte we do that dede.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 119-
By the vertu of this blysfulle anynge, whilkemay But never the lees y schalle assay
noghte be saide ne consayved be manes wit, the How thou wylt my dynte apay.
saule of Jhesu ressayvede the fulhede of wysedome MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 108
and lufe. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 227.
APAYERE. To impair. (A.-N.)
ANYSOT. A fool. See Pynson's edition of For alle your proude prank yng, your pride may
the Prompt. Parv. quoted in the Prompt. Parv. apayere. Skeltun's Works, i. 11 (j.
p. 11. See Amsote.
ANY WHEN. At any time. South. Rider gives APE. (1) A fool. To put an ape into a person's
hood or cap was aa old phrase, signifying to
any while in the same sense, and anywkither, make a fool of him. Sometimes we have the
into any place. Mr. Vernon tells me anywJien phrase, to put on his head an ape, in the same
is considered a respectable word in the Isle of sense. Apes were formerly carried on the
Wight. shoulders of fools and simpletons ; and Malone
A-ONE. An individual ; one person. says it was formerly a term of endearment.
There's not a one of them, but In his house
I keep a servant fee'd. Macbeth, iii. 4.
Tyrwhitt considers " win of ape," in Cant. T.
16993, to be the same with mn de singe. See
AOURNED. Adorned. his note, p. 329 ; Robert of Sicily, p. 58.
So that he that tofore wente clothed in clothes of
A ha, felawes, beth ware of swiche a jape.
golde and of sylke, and aourned wyth precyous stones The monke put in the marines hode an apet
in the cyte". Vitas Pati-um, f. 86. And in his wifes eke, by Seint Austin.
AOY. High. Glouc. Chaucer, Cant. T. 13370.
APAID. Satisfied; pleased. (A.-N.)
Mas friar, as I am true maid, (2) To attempt?
And that sche nere so michel ape
So do I hold me well apaid. That sche hir laid doun to slape.
Peeled Works* i. 91. Jrthcw and Merlin* p. 32.
APAISE. Peace. APECE. The alphabet. Prompt. Pare. We
Tho thai were al at aise,
Ich went to his in apaise. Arihour and Merlin, p. 87.
have also apece-lemer, one who learneth the
alphabet.
APAN. Upon. APEIRE. To impair. (^.-JV.) See Appair. Cf.
Apan the xx. dai Prompt. Parv. p. 12 ; Deposition of Richard II.
Of Averil, bi-for Mai.
Ritson's Ancient Songt, p. 39. p. 3 ; Chaucer, Cant. T. 3149 ; Hall's Satires,
APARAELYNG. Preparation. It is the transla- iv. 2.
And thanne youre neghebores next
tion of apparatus, in Reliq. Antiq. i. 8, an old In none wise apeire. Piers Ploughwan, p. 111.
gloss, of the 15th century. APEL. An old term in hunting music, con-
APARTI. Partly.
Now wil I schewe aparti
• sisting ofthree long moots. $ee Sir H. Dry-
Qwy thei aren so grysly. Harnpolff, MS. Digby 87. den's notes to Twici, p. 71<
And hou foul a mon is afturward, APELYT. Called; named. It is glossed by
TellitJi aparty Seint Bernard, nominates in an early MS. quoted- in Prompt,
MS. Ashmoleil, f. 6. Parv. p. 315.
 APE API
APENT. Belonging. $& Append. In the Ches- signed to old maids in the next world. See
ter Plays, i. 131, it is used as a verb. Florio in v. Mdmmola, u an old maide or sillie
Aganippe her lorde was Kyng of Fraunce, 70
That grauute hym menne, and good sufficiente, isvirgin that will
not quite lead apes in hell." The phrase
obsolete.
And sent his wife with hym, with greate puissaunee, But 'tis an old proverb, and you know it well,
With all aray that to her wer apwte, lead apes in hell.
His heire to been, by their bothes assente. That women, dying maids, The London Prodigal, i. 2.
Hardy ntf* Chronicle, f. 23. APE SIN. To appease.
APENTONE. Opinion. Ye fiers Mars, apesin of his ire,
Jhesu, Jhesu, quat deylle is him that ?
And, as you list, ye makmhertis digne.
I defye the and thyn apewyone* Troilv* and Creseide, ill. 22.
Digby Mysteries, p. 131
APERE. To appear. APE'S-PATERNOSTER. To say an ape's pa-
To thenexte semble je sclml hym calle, ternoster, tochatter with cold. This prover-
To apere byfore hys felows alle. bial expression occurs several times in Co*
Const, of Masvnn/ > P« 27 grave, in v. Barboter, Batre, Cressiner, >•*•***,
Grelotter. D<?y
APERN. An apron. This is the usual early
form of the word. See the Nomenclator, p. APETITELY. "With an appetite. See Bro'ckett,
171. Mr. Hartshorne gives apparn as the ed. 1829, in v. Appetize.
Goo to thy mete apstitely,
Shropshire word, and apperon is sometimes Sit therat discretely. Retiq, Antiq. i. 233.
found as the Northern form, as well as appren.
APE-WARD. A keeper of apes.
APERNER. One who wears an apron ; a
drawer. Nor I, quod an ape-ward,
We have no wine here, methinks; knowe.Ploughman, p. 1 15.
By aught that I kail Piers
Where's this aperner 9 Chapman's May Day, 1 Gl 1 . APEYREMENT. Injury.
A-PER-SE. The letter A, with the addition of Then cast the powder therupon, and with thinail
the two Latin words, per se, is used by some thou maist done awey the lettres that hit schal no-
of our ancient poets to denote a person or thyng been a-sene, without any ayeyretn&it.
thing of extraordinary merit. Reliq. Aittiq. i. 109.
London, thowe arte of townes A per se,
APEYRYNGIS. Losses.
Soveragne of cities, most symbliest by sight. But whiche thingis weren to roe wynnyngis, I have
MS. Lansd. 762, f. 7,
demed these apeyryngis for Crist.
Thou schalt be an apersey, my gone, Wickliffe's New Test. p. 159.
Inmylys ij. or thre.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 51. APIECE. With the subject in the plural, " Now
APERT. (1) Open ; openly ; manifest. Cf. Kyng lads, here's healths apiece" i.e. healths to each
of you. North.
AJis. 2450, 4773; Hartshorne's Met. Tales, APIECE S. To pieces. Still used in Suffolk.
p. Me70 hath
; Chaucer, smetyn Cant. T. 66'96.
withowten deserte, Nay, if we faint or fall apieces now,
We're fools. The Island Princess, v. 1.
And seyth that he ys owre kynge aperts. APIES. Opiates.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 58, f. 241.
As he shall slepe as long as er the leste,
(2) Brisk ; bold ; free. S&inner. In the pro- The narcotikes and apies ben so strong.
vinces we have peart, used in a similar sense. Legends of Hypermneatra, lOf).
Toone quotes a passage from Peter Langtoffc, A-PIGGA-BACK. A mode of carrying a child
p. 74, but I doubt its application in this sense,
on one's back, with his legs under one's arms,
although it may be derived from A,-N. aperte. and his arms round one's neck. Var. dial.
APERTE. Conduct in action. (A.-N.) APIS. A kind of apple-tree, which Skinner says
For whiche the kyng hym had ay after in cherte, was introduced into this country about the
Consyderyng well his knightly aperte.
Hardyng's Chronicle, f. 198. year 1670.
APERTELICHE. Openly. (A.-N.) APISHNESS. Playfulness. It is the transla-
Ich have, quod tho cure Lord, al aperteliche 1593.tion of badinage in Hollyband's Dictionarie,
I-spoke in the temple and y-taujt, and nothyng pri-
vellche. MS. Coll. Trin. Oxon. 57, f. 8. APISTILLE. The epistle.
APERTLY. Openly. (A.-N.} The lyone made a wolfe to bere the holy watlr;
And forsothe there is a gret marreyle, for men ij. urchyns to bere the tapers ; gete to rynge the belles;
may see there the erthe of the tombe apertly many foxes to bere the beere. The bere seide the masse ;
tymessteren andmeven, Maundevile's Travels, p. 22. t.he asse redde the apiatille ; the oxe redde the gos-
pelle. Gesta Romanorum, p. 418.
APERY. An ape-house.
And vow to ply thy booke as nimbly as ever thou A-PISTY-POLL. A mode of carrying a child
didst thy master's apery, or the hauty vaulting with his legs on one's shoulders, and his arms
horse. Apollo Shroving, 1627, p. 93. round one's neck or forehead. Dorset.
APERYALLE. Imperial? A-PIT-A-PAT. A term applied to the beating of
For any thyng that ever I sed or dede, the heart, especially in cases of anxiety. Var.
Unto thys owre securet or aperyalle. dial In Oxfordshire the village children on
MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 123.
Shrove Tuesday bawl some lines in hopes of
APES. To lead apes in hell, a proverbial expres-
obtaining pence, the
*' d-pit~a-patf which
pan commence
is hot, —
sion, meaning to die an old maid or a bache-
lor, that being the employment jocularly as- And we arecorre a-shruving "
 APO APP
A-PLACE. In place. Gower. APO S TAT A. An apostate. The usual early
A-PLAT. On the ground. form of the word. See Prompt. Parv. p. 13 ;
And Aroans with the swerd aflat,
71 Harrison's Description of Britain, p. 25 ; Skel1
That he threwe of his hors a-plat. ton's Works, i. 165.
Arthvur and Merlin, p. 333. APOSTEMACION. An imposthume.
APLIGHT. Certainly; indeed; completely. Then sayde my paciente, I hadde a grevous sore
legge, with greate apostemacions and hollo wnes, where-
Cf. Wright's Political Songs, p. 249 ; Bitson's fore if he coulde have done nothing but talke, he
Ancient Songs, p. 10 ; Gy of Warwike, pp. 3,
myght have talked long enough to my legge before it
6 ; Warton's Hist. Eng. Poet. i. 94 ; Harts- would so have been whole.
home's Met. Tales, p. 52 ; Lybeaus Disconus, HalVs Expostulation, p. 24.
45, 2060 ; Kyng of Tars, 109, 182, 523 ; Ri- APOSTHUME. An imposthume. This orthogra-
chard Coer de Lion, 2265 ; Sevyn Sages, 204 ;
phy is given by Rider, and is found much ear-
Freine,gloss,200. Sir "W. Scott explains it lier in Prompt. Parv. p. 13. In a MS. col-
"Layat leonce," to Tristem ; and Hearne, lection ofrecipes in the Library of Lincoln
" right, compleat." It seems to be often used Cathedral, f. 294, is a " drynke for the apos-
as a kind of expletive, and is the same as " I
plight," I promise
That if he wol Jyve aryjt,you. APOSTILHEED. Apostleship.
I dar hote him hele aplitf. MS. Addit. 10036, f.2. And though to othere I am not apostle, but rrethe-
The chyld ansuerd son aplj/^t, les to 3ou I am, for je ben the litle signe of myn
Fro my fader I com ryght. aposlilheedin the Lord.
MS. AshmoleGl, f. 83. Wickliffifs New Test. p. 132.
APLYN. Apples. (A.-S) APOSTJLLE. A marginal observation. Cot-
Nym flowre and ayryn, and grynd peper and safron, grave says in v. Appostile, " An answer unto
and make thereto a batour, and par aplyn, and kyt apetition setdowne in the margent thereof, and
hem to brode penys, and kest hem theryn, and fry
generally, any small addition unto a great dis-
hem in the batour wyth freseh grees, and serve it
forthe. Warner's Antiq. Culin. p. 39. course in writing."
I sende unto your highnes the copies of the same,
APOCK. A small red pimple. Somerset. with suche apostillss and declaration in the mer-
APODYTERY. A vestry. gentes, as in red'ng of them with good deliberadon,
I call it a vestry, as containing the vestments ; but came unto my myiule. State Papers, i. 225.
if any other place has that name, a longer word, APOSTLE-SPOONS. It was anciently the cus-
apodytery, may be taken for distinction. tom for sponsors at christenings to offer gilt
#& Letter, dated, 1762.
APOINT. At point.
spoons as present? to the child, which were
Maiden and wiif gret sorweganmake called apostle-spoons, because very frequently
For thekinges fonessake, the figures of the twelve apostles were chased
That were apoint to dye. or carved on the tops of the handles. Opulent
Riison's Met. Rom. iii. 308. sponsors gave the whole twelve; those iii
APOISON. To poison. See Piers Ploughman, middling circumstances gave four ; while the
p. 326. poorer sort often contented themselves with
Ah he ne reignode her the gift of one, exhibiting the figure of some
Bote unnethe thre yer, saint in honour of whom the child received its
That Estryld his stepmoder,
Selde beth ther eny gode, name. See Brand's Pop. A.ntiq. ii. 52. At
Him apoisonede that he was ded.
Cambridge the last person in the tripos is
Cfa-onicle of England, 781. called a spoon, and the twelve last in the poll
Therfor cast awey wycchccraft and use it never, are designated the twelve Apostles.
For it appoysenith the soule and sleitlie it for ever. APOSTOLIONE. An ingredient, perhaps a
MS. Laud 416, f. 38. herb, mentioned in an old medical recipe in
APOLOGETIK. An apology. In MS. Douce MS. Lincoln A. L 17, f. 295. In MS. Jamys,
114, is a short piece which the writer entitles f. 9, in a long recipe to make an apostoli-
" a shorte apologetik of this Englissh com- cone, composed of frankincense, alum, and a
variety of other things.
APON. Upon. APOSTROFACION. Apostrophe.
pylour."
Have mynd apon joure endyng. I shall you make relacion,
MS. Douce 302, f. 1.
By waye of apostrofacion.Skelton's Woifo, i. 156.
And pay them trwly, apon thy fay,
What that they deserven may. APOURTENAUNT. Belonging.
Const, of Masonry, p. 15. More than of alle the remenaunt,
APONTED. Tainted. Dorset. Whiche is to love apourtenaunt.
Gower, MS. Sue. Antiq. 134, f. 103.
APOPUAK. A kind of herb. See the Arehae- Ther was nothyngedesobeis^ant,
The " gumme appopon ad"
ed 404.
xxx. Whiche was to Rome appiita tenaunt. /6W. f. 77-
isologia,
mention in MS. Sloane 73, which may be
the same.
APOZEME. A drink made with water and
APORET. Poor. divers spices and herbs, used instead of syrup.
That on partie he send be sonde
To hem that were aporet in his londe. Bullokar,
MS. Cantab. Ff- v.48, f. 100, APP AIR. To impair; to make worse. Sea
 2 APP

Hall, Edward IV. f. 34 ; Dial, of Great. Mor. Why doe I appeach her of coinesse, in whom
bountie showeth small curiotisness e.
pp, Her 76; Morte
74, nature d'Arthur, i. 72. (J.-N.) Greene's Gwydonius, 1593.
ys to apparyn and amende,
She changyth ever and fletyth to and fro. APPEAL. This word appears to have been
Ragman's Roll, MS. Fairfax Iff. formerly used with much latitude ; but accord-
APPALL. To make pale. (A.-N.}
Hire liste not appalled for to be, ing to its most ancient signification, it implies
Nor on the morwe unfestliche for to see. a reference by name to a charge or accusation,
Chaucer, Cant. T. 10679- and ail offer or challenge, to support such
To provide; to equip; to fur- charge by the ordeal of single combat. See
APPARAIL. Morte d'Arthur, ii. 25.
nish. (A.-N.) Tell me, moreover, hast thou sounded him,
Sundry yeomen that will not yet for all that If he appeal the duke on ancient malice.
chaunge their condition, nor desire to be apparailed Richard II. i. 1.
with the titles of gen trie. APPEARINGLY. Apparently.
Lambarde's Perambulation, 1596, p. 14.
shortly will crush him.
Jppearingly the burthenSaline's
APPARA NCY. Appearance. Letters, 17/5, U. 40£
And thus thedombe ypocrysye,
With his clevoute apparantj/e, APPECEMEN
The seid seducious Impeachments.
TES. persones, not willing
/1— ^
to l«ve the
A viser sette upon his face.
Gower, HIS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 42. possessions that they hadde, caused the seid princes
to lay suche imposicions and charges, as well by way
Whose fained gestures doe entrap our youth
With an apparancie of simple truth. of untrue appecenentes to whom they owed evill wille
Browne* 3 Britannia's Pastorals, 1G25, p. 54. unto. MS.Ashmole, llu'O.
APPARATE. Apparatus. APPELLANT. One who appeals.
Behold here Henry of Lancastre, duke of Hertford,
The whole English appara>tets.ni\ the English popu- appellant, which is entered into the listes royall to
lar calculation tables, with an almanac forsooth for dooe his devoyre against Thomas Mo wbray.
the next year, beginning at the spring equinox.
MS BodL3l3. Hall, Henry 1 7". f.&
APPEL-LEAF. The violet. It is the trans-
APPAREIL. The sura at the bottom of an ac- lation ofviola in an early list of plants in MS.
count, which is still due. A law term, given
by Sldnner. Harl. 978 ; and is the Anglo-Saxon word.
APPARE MENTIS. Ornaments. in Weber's
Met. Rom. Haply.
APPELYE. iii. 279, "Appyny,"
is probably an error for
Pride, with appai fiventis, als prophetic have tolde. this word. See his Glossary, in v.
Syr Gawayne, p. 10(J.
And whennehesawehirhede oute, he smote in al
APPARENCE. An appearance. (Fr.)
That is to s=ayr. to irake illusion themyght of his body to the serpent ; but the serpent
drow hir hede ayene so appelye, ande so sodenlye,
By swiche an apparent or joglerie.
Chaucer, Cxnt.T, 11577. that the strook hitte al uponeGeata
the vessclle.
Jlr>wajiwum, p. 197.
APPARENTED. Made apparent.
But if hehad heene in his affaires stabled, then their APPELYN. Apples. (A.-S.)
fine devises f- r their further credit should have bceue Nym appelyn and sethhem, and lat hem kele, and
make hem thorw a clothe; andonflesch dayeskast
apparented. Holinsfied, Hist, of It eland, p. 89.
An appearance, in the literal therto god fat breyt of bef, and god wytegrees.
APPARITION. Warner's Antiq. Culin. p. 3.<).
sense of the word. It is so used by Shakespeare,
Much Ado about Nothing, iv, 1. APPEND. To belong ; to appertain to. (^/.-M)
APPARYSSHANDE. Apparent. . See Hardyng's Chronicle, f. 4 ; Towneley Mys-
Wherfore the disposicyon. and the forme of the teries, p.239.
Tel me to whom, madame,
dedly body withoute forth is not, as thou supposyd,
to beholden foule and unsemely, but the moost fayr- That tresour appendeth.
Pl&'S Ploughman, p. 17.
est and apparysshande comelynesse.
Carton's Divers Fruitful Ghostly Maters, When all lords tocouncellandparlement
Wentt, he wold to huntyng and to haukyng,
APPASE. Apace.
An actuarie, clarke or scribe, that writeth ones All gentyll disportt as to a lord appent*
wordes appa&e as they are spoken. MS. JDowctf 378, f. 62.
Nomenclator, p. 478. APPENNAGE. That which is set apart by princes
APP ASS ION ATE. To have a passion for. for the support of their younger children.
Florio has this word in T. Appassion&re, Skinner. (Fr.)
Martetttire. Boucher has appassionated^ ex- APPERCEIVE. To perceive. (A.-N.} See
plained "stedfast ;" but see Richardson, in v. Wright's Monastic Letters, pp. 145, 183;
APPATIZED. A term applied to districts which Sharp's Cov. Myst. p. 179 ; Gy of Warwike,
have paid composition or contribution, in p. 178; Chaucer, Cant. T. 8476; Morte
order to ransom their towns from military d'Arthur,!, 221, ii. 212 ; Reliq. Antiq. ii. 276;
execution. See the Ancient Code of Military Sevyn Sages, 1021, 1434 ; Arthour and Merlin
Laws, 1784, p. 14. p. 30 ; Thynne's pebate, p. 28 ; Rom. of the
APPEACH. To impeach? to accuse, See Rose, 6312, 6371.
This lettre, as thou hast horde devyse,
Warkworth/s Chronicle, p. 25 ; Morte d'Arthur, Was counterfeit in sueh.e a wtae,
. iH3. CA-M)
How, let furth youre geyse, the fox wille preche ; That nomanschulde it apert'eyvei,
How long wilt thou me appech Gower, MS. Sac. Antiq, 134, f. 67
With thi sermonyug ? Tvwneley Mysteries, p. 10. APPERCEIVING. Perception.
 APP APP
Who coude tellen you the forme of daunces APPLE-MOISE. Cider. Huloet, in his Abce-
So uncouth, and so freshe contenaunces, 73 darium, 1552, translates it \yypomac ivm. See
Swiche subtil lokings and dissimulings,
For dred of jalous mennes apperceivings ?
also the Catalogue of Douce's Printed Books,
p. 309, where the word is wrongly printed. In
Chaucer, Cant. T. 10600.
the Prompt. Parr. p. 13, we have appulmoce,
APPERIL. which appears to have been served up at table
i. 427 ; Ben Peril.
Jonson, See Middleton's
v. 137; "Works,
vi. 117, 159. as a dish, consisting of the apples themselves
Let me stay at thine apperil. Timon of Athens, i. 2.
APPERTAINMENT. That which belongs or after they had been pressed, and seasoned with
relates to another thing ; to any rank or dig- spices. See Warner's Antiq. Culin. p. 16;
Forme of Cury, pp. 42, 96, 103.
nity. Shakespeare has the word in Troilus APPLEN. Apples.
and Cressida, ii. 3.
Upe the hexte t>owe tueye applen Rob. heGhvc,
sey. p. 283.
APPERTINAUNT.
term. Belonging. An astrological
He is the hows ,appertinaunt
APPLE-PE AR. A kind of pear, mentioned in
To Venus somdele diseordaunt. Higins' adaptation of Junius' Nomenclator,
Gower, ei. 1532, f. 146. p. 99. It seems to be the tankard pear.
APPERTYCES. Dexterities. (A.-N.) APPLE-PIE-ORDER. Anything in very great
Grete strokes were srnyten on bothe sydes, many order. An apple-pie-bed furnishes an article
men overthrown, hurte, and slayn, and grete va- for Grose. It is madesomewhat in the fashion of
lyaunces, prowesses and appei'tyces of werre were an apple-turnover, the sheets being so doubled
that day shewed, whiche were over long to recounte as to prevent any one from getting at his length
the noble feates of every man. Marts <ff Arthur, i. 145. between them ; a common trick in schools.
APPERYNG. To deck out ; to apparel. APPLES-OF-LOVE. The fruit of some foreign
And next her come the emperesse Fortune, herb, said to be a stimulus for the tender
To apperyng him. with many a noble signe.
Lydgate's Minor Poems, p. 7,
passion. Skinner says they mefructus solani
APPETENCE. Desire. (Lot.) cujusdam peregrini ; that is, the fruit of some
But know you not that creatures wan ting sense, foreign species of nightshade.
By nature have a mutual appetence. APPLE-SQUIRE. This word appears to have
Mai lowers Works, iii. 343, been used in several senses. An apple-squire
APPETITE. To desire ; to covet. (A.-N.) was a kept gallant, and also a person who waited
As matire appetitith forme alwaie, on a woman of bad character. In the Belman
And from forme into forme it passin maie. of London, 1608, we are told the apple-squire
Hypsipyle and Medea, 215.
was the person " to fetch in the wine." The
APPETIZE. To provoke an appetite for food. term was often applied to a pimp. Miege
North.
translates it, itn grassier ecuyer de dame.
APPETY. Appetite ; desire.
To be alone is not my appetie, _See Middleton's Works, iii. 232; Cotgrave,
in v. Cueitteur; Florio, in v. Guatdro; Beau-
For of all thinges in the world I love mery company.
Hawkins1 KngL Dram, i, 122. mont and Fletcher, ii. 332 ; Hall's Satires, i. 2 ;
APPIERT. Open; public. Dodsley's Old Plays, xi. 284.
His little lackey,a proper yong apple-squire, called
That no maner person holde no com en eschaunge Pandarus» whiche cairieth thekeye of his chamber
pnivee nor appiert in the said citee, ne take any
thyng for profute of that eschaunge. with hym. Bullien's Dialogue, 1573, p. 8.
Arcfiteologia, xv. 176, 4pple-squyers, entycers, and ravysshers,
These to our place have da>ly herbegers.
APPLE-CART. Down with his apple-cart, knock Utterson's Pop. Poet. ii. 39.
or throw him down. North. Such stuffe the divell did not tast, only one little
APPLE-DRONE. A wasp ; a terrible devourer hellhound, a cronie of myne, and one of St. George's
of apples, and more especially when they are apple-squires. MS. Seal. 30.
beaten or ground to make cider. West. APPLE-STUCKLIN. An apple-turnover. Hants.
APPLE-GRAY. Dapple grey. In Norfolk it is called an apple-twelin.
His head was troubled in such a bad plight, APPLE-TEKRE. An apple orchard. This word
As though his eyes were apple-grays was formerly used in Sussex, but seems to be
And if good learning he hid not tooke,
He wad a cast himselfe away.
now obsolete. Huloet, in his Abcedarium,
The King and a Poors Northerne Han, 1640. 1552, gives apple-yard in the same sense. In
Devonshire, they have a curious custom at
APPLE-HOGLIN. An apple turnover. Suffolk. Christmas of firing powder at apple trees and
It is also called an apple-jack, and is made by
folding sliced apples with sugar in a coarse singing lays round them to make therft more
fruitful. Brand mentions other customs or
crust, and baking them without a pan. the same kind.
APPLE-JOHN. A kind of apple, not ripe till APPLIAB LE. Capable of being applied.
late in the season, and considered in perfec- And therto many of the contrye of Kent were as-
tion when shrivelled and withered. See Eentynge, and cam with theyr good wills, as people
Shakespeare's 2 Henry IY. ii. 4, where it is redy to be appliabte to stiche seditious commocions.
stated that Falstaff could not "endure an Arrival of Edward IV. p. 33.
apple-John." The term is still in use in the APPLIANCE. An application ; a remedy applied
eastern counties, although Forby thinks it pos- to cure a disease. See how it is used in 2
sible the same variety of fruit may not have Henry IV. iii, 1
been retained.
 APP 7 APP
APPLIMENT. Application. Ane. Dr. My father oft would speak
Taylor. Your worth and virtue ; and, as I did grow
APPLOT. To plot ; to contrive.
To take a certain course ; to ply. A More and more apprehensive, I did thirst
APPLY.
nautical term. (Lat.} Shakespeare uses it in prais'd. and Fletcher , i. 308.
To see the man soBeaumont
the sense to apply to, in Tarn. Shrew, i. 1. APPREIFFE. Contrivance. (Fr.)
With the nexte fludd, which woold be aboute foure This good king, by witte of such appreiffe,
of the clock in the mornyng, we entend, God willing,
State Papers, i. 816 Kept his marchants and the sea from mischiefe.
tapplye towardes Dover. Kakluyt's Navigations, 1599, i. 191-
APPO. An apple. Chesh. APPRENTICE-AT-LAW. A counsellor, the next
APPOAST. To suborn. MinsJieu . See Cotgrave , in rank under a serjeant.
in v. Apposte, Assassin. He speaks like master Practice, one that is
APPOINT. To impute. Shakespe are, 2 Hen. IV. a profession he is vow'd to,
servantof to the study he hath taken,
The child
And
iv. 1, has it in the sense of to arm, to furnish
-with implements of war ; and appointm ent, A pure apprentice-at-law !
Sen Jonson's Magnetic Lady, iii. 3 jj
Troilus and Cressida, iv. 5, preparation. APPRENTICE-HOOD. Apprenticeship.
If anye of theise wants be in me, I beseeche your od.
lordshipp appoint them to my extreme state, more Must I not serve a long' apprentice-ho
Richard 11. i. 3.
greevous then disease; more unquiet then pryson; APPRESSED. Oppressed,
more troblesome to me then a painful deathe.^ Trowth and pore men ben appressed,
Harington'3 Ntiga} Antique, i. 48. And myscheff is nothyng redressed.
APPON. Upon. SeeApon. The Thornton MS, Excerpt. Hist. p. SCO.
constantly uses this orthography, and it occurs APPREST. Preparation. (Fr.)
in Torrent of Portugal, p. 2. Seen the said man's declaration, and my saide
APPONE. To dispute with. So seems to be Lorde Admyralles declaration, that there is no
the meaning of the word as used by Plorio, in apprest of any ships in Spayne to any purpose to be
v. Apposto, though the Latin apponere means
regarded. State Paper*, i. 594.
All the winter following Vespasian laie at Yorke,
to pawn, to pledge, making his apprests against the next spring to go
APPOSAYLE. Question; enquiry.
Whan he went out his enmies to assnyle, against the Scots and Picts.
Made unto her this uncouth apposayle.
HotiwJted, Hitt. Scot. p. 48,
Bochas, b. v. c. 22 APPRINZE. Capture,
1 mean not now th* apprinze of Pucell Jone.
Madame, your apposeUe is wele inferrid. Miri'ow for Magistrates, ed. 1G10, p. 341.
Skelton's Works, i. 3fi7«
APPOSE. To raise questions ; to object ; to dis- APPRISE. Learning. (A.-NJ
Far slouthe is ever to despise,
pute with. (A.-N.) It was also used in the Whiche in desdeyne hath alle apprise.
sense of to oppose, as in MS. Bib. Reg. 12 B. i Gowei; MS. Soc.Aiitiu. 1^4, f- 118.
f. 66, "I wyl not be apposyd, nolo mihi opponi? APPRO ACHE R. One who approaches or draws
and Prompt. Parv. p. 13. See also Prompt near. See Timon of Athens, iv. 3.
Parv. p. 144 ; Chaucer, Cant. T. 7179, 15831 APPROBATE. Approved ; celebrated. In MS.
i.Skelton's
304. Works, i. 321 ; Middleton's Works Ashmole 59, f. 35, mention is made of a ballad
Tho the poeple hyrn cspposede
" by that approbate poete Lidegate, the Munk
With a peny in the temple. of Burye." Cf. MS. Addit 5467, ff. 71, 85.
Piers Ploughman t P« 18 Havyng perfect confidence and sure hope in the
approbate fidelitie and oonstaunt integritie whiche I
APPOSICION. Annexation of substantives. have ever experimented. Hall, Edward IV. f. 60.
But this yonge childryne that gone to the scole Nowe yf she refuse in the deliveraunce of hyra to
have in here Donete this questione, how many thmges folowe the wisdorne of theim, whose wisdome she
fallen to apposition f Ande it is answeride, that case knoweth, whose approbate fidelitee she trusteth, it
alle only that is afalle. Cesta Rvmanorum, p. 472
is easye to perceave that frowardnesse letteth her, and
APPOSITEES. Antipodes. not feare. Supp. to Hardy n& f. 46.
For alle the parties of see and of lond han here APPROBATION. (1) Proof; approval.
appotitees, habitablesortrepassables, and the! of this — How many, now in health,
half and beyond half. JfcwwtefewVa'a Trawls, p. 182 Shall drop their blood '^approbation
APPREHENSION. According to its literal im- Of what your reverence shall incite us to.
port, means laying hold of, or catching, as we Henry V. i. 2.
still use it applied to offenders against the law ^2) Noviciate.
This day my sister should the cloister enter,
Thus in Harrison's description of the pearl- And there receive her approbation*
muscle, which is said to have been frequently
found in the rivers Dee and Bon, the manner Jtfeus. for Meas. i. 3-
APPROCHEMENT. Approach.
of apprehension is likewise mentioned. In The Frenchmen whiche werescace up, and thought
Beaumont and Fletcher, iii. 171, it seems to
of nothyng lesse then of thys sodayn apjn'ochvment,
be used in the sense of imagination, some rose out of their beddes in their shertes, and
APPREHENSIVE. Of quick conception ; per- lepte over the walles. Hall, Henry VI. f. 21.
ceptive. APPROMENT. Approvement ?
I fly unseen, as charmers in a mist. If It please you to assign e me, send me word what
Grateful revenge, whose sharp-sweet relist fat-j increse and appromentye wyll gyve, and I wyll applie
My apprehensive soul. The True Tny'tua, Iii. 8 my raynd and service to your pleasure and wele
Plumirfon Correspondence, p. 8&
 APR
APY
APPROMPT. To prompt. Bacon. April and May;"
courtship. that is, of youth and
APPROOF. Approbation. 75
So his apprnof lives not in's epitaph, APRIL-GOWK. An April fool. North.
As in your royal speech. APRILLED. Applied to beer or milk which has
AW s Well that Ends Well, i. 2. turned, or is beginning to turn, sour : also
APPROPER. To appropriate. See Sir T. More's metaphorically to a person whose temper has
Workes,
Withoutenp. 428 ; Maundevile's
his awen Travels, p. 35.
joyes les and mare,
been discomposed. Devon.
That till himself sail be upprnpryed thare. APRINE. According to Horman, " swyne wode
MS.Harl 4196, f.257. for love groyneth, and let passe from them a
Mighte es appropirde to Godd the Fadire ; wysdome poyson called aprine." See Prompt. Parv.
to God the Sone ; gudnes to God the Haly Ga&te.
MS. Lincoln A. i 17, f. 199. p. 218.
APRISE. (1) Learning. (A.-N.}
APPROPINQUE. To approach. (laf.)
Crafte or outher queyntyse,
The knotted blood within my hose, But fordeddyst hys apryse.MS. Sari. 1701, f. 26,
That from my wounded body flows,
With mortal crisis doth portend And that he wote of good apris,
My days to appropinque an end. To teche it forth for suche emprise.
Hudibras, I. iii. 590. Cower, MS. $oc.4ntiq. 134, f. 38.
APPROVE. To justify; to make good; to es- But of hir court in sondry wise,
tablisto
h ; prove. See Beaumont and Fletcher, After the scole of hir aprise.
Cower, MS. BodL 214.
ii. 384 ; M. of Ven. iii. 2 ; Two Gent, of V. v. 4.
APPROVER. An informer. (A.-N.) A per- (2) An enterprise ; an adventure. (A.-N.)
Sithin alle the loce in the lise,
son who had the letting of the king's de- Thou schalle tyne thine aprise.
mesnes in small manors to the best advantage Robson's Romances, p. 86.
•was likewise called an approver. Ac yif thou levest hire lesing1,
This false theef, this sompnour, quod the frere, Than the falle a werse apriae,
Had alway baudes redy to his hond, As dede to that elde wise. Sevyn Sages, 1941.
As any hauke to lure in Englelond,
That told him all the secree that theykn ewe, APRON. The caul of a hog. East. The term
is more usually applied to the fat skinny cover-
For hir acquaintance was no't come of newe; ing of the belly of a duck or goose.
They weren his approvers .prively,
Chaucer, Cant. T. 6925. APRON-MAN. A waiter. Cf. Coriolanus, iv. 6.
APPUGNANT. Quarrelsome. (Lat.} We had the salute of welcome, gentlemen, pre-
APPULLE. An apple. This is the form of the sently ; Wilt please ye see a chamber ? It was our
pleasure, as we answered the apron-man, to see, or
word in Maundevile's Travels, p. 9 ; Chron. be very neare the roome where all that noise was.
Vilodun, p. 25. It is also retained in the an- Rowley's Search for Money, 1609.
cient dish called appulmoy. APROVE. To prove.
APPUYED. Supported. Skinner. Y seighe it meself for so the,
A-PRAYSUT. Praised. The Douce MS. reads And wil aprove biforn hem bothe,
jt?nzyseJ,andthe Lincoln MS. omits the line. That thai can nought say nay.
Hurkerchefes were curiouse, with mony a proud prene ; 4mis and Amiloun, 803.
Hur euparel was a-praysut with princes of myjte. APS. The asp, or aspen tree. South and West.
Robson's Romances, p. 14. The adjective apsen is also used. There is a
APRES. In the inventory of Sir John Fastolfe's farm in the Isle of Wight called Apse.
goods, printed in the Archaeologia, xxi. 263,
occurs the entry, " j. cover of flares lynyd with APT. To adapt ; to fit. See Mr. Cunningham's
Revels Accounts, p. 101, "apting, preparing,
lynen clothe." Mr. Amyot conjectures boar's furnishing, and setting fourth of divers plaies
skin, and Douce supposes it to be cloth of
Ypres in Flanders, famous for its woollen APTES. or showes of histories."
manufacture. Skinner proposes to read aptitudes in
the following passage :
APRICATE. To bask in the sun. (Lat.} Thei han as well divers aptes, and divers raaner
His lordship was wont to recreate himself in this usynges, and thilk aptes mowen in will ben cleped
place to apricate and contemplate, and his little dog aifeccions. Chaucer, ed. Urry, p. 517.
with him. Aubrey's Wilts, MS. Royal Soc. p. 259.
APRICOCK. An apricot. West. APTLY. Openly. See Weber's glossary to the
Battle of Floddon Field, p. 235. Perhaps we
Hop in his walks, and gambol in his eyes ; should read apertly.
Feed him with apricocJts and dewberries.
APTYDE. Appetite.
A Mids. Night's Dream, iii. 1. And to make her fresh wyth gay attyris,
APRIL. Ray has the proverb, " April — bor- She sparith no cost to yef men aptyde*
rows three days of March, and they are ill." MS. Laud 416, f. 54.
April is pronounced with an emphasis on the APURT. Impertinent. Somerset. IntheExmoor
last syllable, so as to make a kind of jingling
glossary it is explained, " sullen, disdainfully
rhyme with ill See Brand's Pop. Antiq. ii. 25. silent, with
The wedding-day is sometimes satirically called APYES. Apes.a glouting look."
April-day, in allusion to the common custom Also fast ase he myght fare,
of making fools on the 1st of April. In the Fore berrys and apyes that ther were,
Merry Wives of Windsor, iii, 2, the Host of the Lest they wold hym byght.
Torrent of Portugal, p. 28.
Garter, speaking of Fenton, says, " he smells
 AQU /
_E. Readily. AQUENCH. To quench, applied to either thirst
And with ther swyrdys apygMe> or hunger ; to destroy. See Aqueynt.
Made bur a logge with bowes. Nothing he ne founde in al the nijte,
MS. Cantab, Ff. ii 38, f. 120. Wer-mide his honger aquencfie raijtte.
APYUM. Parsley. See an old receipt in an Er thou valle of thi bench,
Reliq, Antiq* ii. 274.
ancient medical MS. at Lincoln, f. 285.
Thi jenne aquench. MS* Arundel 57, f. 51
AQUA-ACUTA. A composition made of tartaric And thus fordoth hem lyf and ]yme,
and other acids, formerly used for cleaning ar- And so aquencheth al here venyme.
mour. A receipt for it is given in an early MS. Addit 10036, f. AO.
medical MS. at Middlehill. AQUETONS. An acquittance.
A.QUABOB. An icicle. Kent. Grose gives this Of the resayver speke wylle I,
That fermys resayvys wytturly ;
word, which seems to be a strange compound
of the Latin language and the provincial dialect. Of graynys and hcmi aqmtons makes,
Sexpons therfore to feys he takes.
A-QUAKE. To tremble. Boke of Curtasye, p. 25.
Syf he hadde slept, hym neded awake j
3yf he were wakyng, he shulde a-qva7ce. AQUEYNT. (1) Quenched with water ; de-
MS. Hurl. 1701, f. 52- stroyed. See S-evyn Sages, 1991 ; Reliq. Antiq.
ii. 229. (A.-S.}
AQUAL. Equal. North. As hi stode mid here Ii3t,
AQUAPATYS. An ancient dish, the receipt for As me doth 5ut nou,
•which is given in the Forme of Cury, p. 41. Here lijt aqueynte overal,
AQUAT. Sitting on the houghs. Somerset. Here non nuste hou. MS. (quoted in Boucher.\
AQUATIL. Inhabiting the water. HoweH, in Ac that fur aqueynte sone,
his Lexicon, explains a crocodile to be " a kind And ne myjte here brenne nojt.
MS. Coll. Ti-in. Oxon* 57
of amphibolous creture, partly aquatil, partly
terrestrial." (Lat.) (2) Acquainted.
Therfore toke he bapteme feynte,
AQUATORIES. Watery places.
Thastrologier of heos aquatories, To be with Phelip so aqueynt.
With thastrelabur to take thascendent. Cursor Mttndi, SIS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 119
MS, Ashmole 59, f. 18. Heo desirith nothyng more,
. Than to beo to you aqweynt.
AQUA-VITJE. Several old receipts for making Ky^g Alisaiindar, 75D6.
aqua-vitae are given in Douce's Illustrations, It is so marvellous and queint,
i. 68-70, where the exact nature of it may be With suche love be no more aqueiiit.
seen. Irish aqua-vitae was usquebaugh, but Rom. of the Rcse, 5200.
brandy was a later introduction, nor has the AQUILITY. Agility. Florio translates attestors,
latter term been found earlier than 1671. 11 to make nimble, she, or quicke, or dight with
According to Nares, it was formerly in use as
a general term for ardent spirits, and Ben AQUITE. (1) To acquit.
Jonson terms a seller of drams an " aqua-vit® God wite in o dai wan it aquited be.
man." See the Alchemist, i. 1 ; Cunningham's aquilitie" Roo. Clone, p. 5G5
Revels Accounts, p. 146 ; Witts, Fittes, and I wol the of thy trouthe aquite.
Fancies, 1595, p. 128. Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 48
Of prisoun shal thou be take away,
AQUEIGHT. Shook ; trembled. (A.-S) And ben aquit bifore justise.
His fet in the stiropes he streight,
Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 28.
The stirop to-bent, the hors aqueight.
Arthour and Merlin, p. 121.
The gleumen useden her tungej
But how it was to hire aquite,
(2) Requited.
The wode aqueightte so hy sunge. The remembraunce dwelleth jit.
RyngAlisaunder, 5257- Gower, MS. See. Antiq. 134, f. 153.
He wole aqwyte us ryth wele oure mede,
A.QUEINTABLE. Easy to be acquainted with. And I have lysens for to do.
(A.-M.) Coventry Mysteries, p. 333.
Wherefore be wise and aqueintatile,
Godelie of worde and resonable, (3) To pay
Or iffor.
his (^.-7V.)
winning be so Hte,
Bathe to lesse and eke to mare, That his labour will not aquite
Rom. of the Rose, 2213. Sufficiauntly al his living,
1QUELLEN. • To kill ; to destroy ; to subdue. Yet may he go his brede begging.
Romaunt of the Rose, 6742
(A.-S.) See Kyng Horn, 881 ; Richard Coer
de Lion, 2569 ; Sevyn Sages, 2758 ; RLtson's AQUOINTE.
And he was
Acquainted.
aquointe muche to the quene of Fraunce,
Ancient Songs, p. 21.
And her gref anon hem teld, And sonadel to muche, as me wende, so that in som
Hou Fortiger her king aqueld, thing [king.
Arthour and Merlin, p. 16. The queue lotede, as me wende, more him than the
And seyd him, so ich to-fore teld, Rt>b. Glouc. p. 465.
Hou the Paiens his folk aqueld. Ibid. p. 271. I trust we shalbe better aquoynt,
And gif y schal be thus aqueld, And I shalle staode better yn your grace.
Thurch strong hete in the feld, JitS. Rawl. C. 258
It were ogain the skille. AQUOT, Cloyed ; weary with eating. Devon
Gy of Warwike, p, 323. " Chave eat so much cham quit ayuot" i. e
 77
ARA
ARA
I can eat no more, I have eaten so much that amonge hem. Thenne every knyghte lepte from
the bord ashamed and araged, for wrathe nygheoute
I am cloyed. Ray gives this example in his
English words, 1674, p. 80. of her wyttes. Morte d'Arthw , ii. 321.
AQUOY. Coy; shy. ARAIN. A spider. According to Ray this is
With that she knit her brows, the name given in Northamptonshire to the
And looking all aquoy, larger kind of spiders, but he also gives its more
Quoth she, What should I have to do general meaning in his North country words.
With any prentice boy ? George Barnivett, 2dPt. Aran-web is a cobweb in Northumberland.
AQUYTED. Quitted ; made to quit. Aranye is the form of the word in the Prompt.
V am of Perce desehargid, Parv. p. 14. Derham, as quoted by Richard-
Of Mede, and of Assyre aquyted. son, uses the word araneous.
Kynff Alisaunder, 3869. Sweep Warrant down, till all be clean, neer Hn,
AR. (1) A scar; a pockmark. This word is ex- Els he'l leauk all agyeYorkshire
when heDialogue,
comes in.1697, P. 59.
tremely common in the North of England. In
MS. Bib. Rig. 17 C. xvii. f. 40, written in the ARAISE. To raise. See the example from the
North about the middle of the fifteenth cen- arrival of King Edward IV. p. 23, quoted under
tury, we have " cicatrix, ar or wond." Arredy ; Morte d' Arthur, ii. 54, 85, 432, 436.
(2) An oar. Swych men areyasn baner
And grop an ar that was ful god, Ajens holy cherches power.
Lep to the dore so he wore wod. HaveloTc, 1775. MS. Harl. 1701, f. 61.
(3) Or. See Prompt. Parv. p. 83. Hearne gives Anon the busshop bad she shuld not tary,
But to areyse the bagge and make hym cary.
ar the meanings, " as, after, before, ere, till." MS. Laud. 416, f. 1.
See Gloss, to Rob. Glouc. p. 617.
For them had no man dere, ARANEE. A spider.
Reche ar pore wethyr they were, And 5if je fynde that the aranee have y-maad
They ded ever ryght. Sir Clege*, 35. hure web by the myddel of hem, it is a tokene that
it is of no long while, or at the leest it is of the myd-
(4) Before. del overnone of the day byfore. MS. Bodl. S4G.
Al this world, ar this book blynne,
With Cristis helpe I shal over-rynne. A-RANKE. In a rank ; in a row.
Cursor Mu»di, MS, Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 1. The day is come ; the pretty dames,
Aboute mydnyght, ar the day, Which be so free and franke,
Whiles he madeconjuryng, Do go so sagely on the way,
Schco saw fleo, in hire raetyng, By two and two a-ranfte.
Hire thought a dragon adoun lyght ; Galfi-ido and Bernardo, 1570.
To hire chaumbre he made his fiyght. ARAPE. Quickly. (Lot.)
Kyng Allsaunder, 344. Over theo table he leop arape.
A RACE. To draw away by force. (A.-N.) Skin- Kyng Ali&aunder, 4230.
ner also gives it the sense of erase. See Har- ARAS. (1) Arose.
Or 1 fro the bord arcs,
rington's Nugae Antiquae, i. 47; Rom. of the Of my frend betrayd y was.
Rose, 1752.
And in hire swough so sadly holdeth she MS. Add.it. 11307, f- !>1.
Hire children two, whan she gan hem embrace,
That with gret sleight and gret difficultee Bomen bickarte uppone the bent
(2) Arrows.
The children from hire arm they gan arrace. With ther browd araa cleare. Chery C!.a*e.
Chaucer, Cant. T. 8979
ARATE. To rate; to scold; to correct. (4.-S.)
ARACH. The herb orach. Minsheu. Palsgrave, ; And foule y rebuked,
f. 18, has arage, q. v. ; and a much earlier form i And a-rated of riche men
occurs in a list of plants in MS. Harl. 978, ; That ruthe is to here.
arasches. \ Piers Ploughman, p. 283.
ARAUGHT. Seized ; taken away by force. From
ARADDE. Explained. Compare the printed ;
edition of 1532, f. 4. Areche, q.v. See the Sevyn Sages, 895 ; Kyng of
This was the sweven whiche he hadde, Tars, 1096. It is used also in the sense of
That Danielle anone aradde. struck, or seized by the weapon ; and reached,
Gmoer, MS. Sac. Antiq. 134, f. 34. as in the third example. (A.-S.)
ARAFE. A kind of precious stone. Right bifor the doukes fet,
Hir paytrelle was of a rialle fyne, Gij araught him with a staf gret.
Hir cropurwas oEarafe. Gy of WarwiTee, p. 225.
MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 116 Al that ever his ax araught,
Smertlich his deth he laught.
ARAFTE. Struck; smote.
That peple seyde than, JUS. Arund. Cvll. Ar-m. 58, f. 261.
Thys ys fend Satan, Criste wroujte first and after taujte,
That mankende wyll forfare. So that the dede his worde arau^te.
For wham Lybeauus arafte, Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 138.
Florice the ring here araufl,
After hys ferste drawghte
Heslep forevermare. Lybeaus Discomis, 1129. And he him ajen hit breaujt.
ARAGE. The herb orach. Prompt. Parv. Floi'ice and BlancTieflour, ?Vf.
So sturae strokes thay a-ratfe,
ARAGED. Enraged. (A.-N.}
And whanne he had eten hit, he swalle soo tyl he Eyther til other the whyle. MS. Ashmole 33,
hrast, and there sire Patryce felle doun sodeuly deede A-RAWE. In a row.
 ARE ARC
Thar nas man that ther neye come, 78| Sir, afor the arbage, dout yt not ; for Sir Henry
That hene was to-corwen anon Wentforth, nor yet none other, can have it, nor
So griseliche be the engins, nothinge that belongeth to David.
For to sle the Sarrazmes Plumpton Correspondence, p. 9-1.
la ich half y-sett a-rau>«. ARBER. An arbour.
(1) sense. Skinner has arberer
Gy of Wanvilte, p. 125. in the same
And dede him tuiss knely a-rawe, And in the garden, as I vrene,
And almost hadde him y slawe. Was an arber fayre and grene,
drlhour and Merlin, p. 334. And in the arber was a tre,
ARA.WIS. Arrows. A fayrer in the world might none he.
Theyr hoked arawis dothe ever bakward flee. Sqnt/r of Lowe Degre, 28.
Lydgate's Minor Poem-y, p. 171- (2) To maKe the arler, a phrase in hunting, is
ARAYE. (1) Order. (J.-N.) to disembowel the animal, which must be done
The time of uuderne of the same day in a neat and cleanly manner. The dogs are
Approcheth, that this wedding shulde be, then rewarded with such parts of the entrails
And all the paleis put was in array,
as their two-legged associates do not think
Both halle and chambres eehe in his degree.
Chaucer, Cant. T. 8138. to reserve for their own use. See Scott's
proper
notes toTristrem, p. 387 ; Ben Jonson, vi. 270.
(2) Equipage. sythofy aray,"
" Man
Y have wetyn,
a king,
was man of aray,
ARBERYE. Wood.
He hath slayne syxty on a day. In that contree is but lytillearberjye, ne trees that
MS. Cantab Ff. ii. 38, f. 65. beren frute, ne othere. Thei lyjn in tentes, and thei
And to the peples eres all and some brennen the doug of bestes for defaute of wode.
Maundem^* Travels, p.25G
Was couth eke, that a ncwe markisesse
Enhorilde with arborye, and alkyns trees.
He with him brought, in swiche pomp and richesse, Morte 4rt?iuret MS. Lincoln, f.C7.
That never was ther seen with mannes eye
So noble array in al West Lurnbardie. ARBESET. A strawberry tree. (A.-N.)
Chaucer t Cant. T. 8821. Thou schalt fynde trowes two :
Seyntes and holy they buth bo,
(3) Clothing. Hygher than in othir contray all ;
Som saiden, women loven best richesse,
Som saiden honour, som saideu jolmesse, Arbeszt men heom callith.
Kyng Alieaun der, 67(«5 .
Sora riehe array, som saiden lust a-bedde,
And oft time to be widewe and to be wedde. ARBITRATE. To determine.
Chaucer, Cant. T. 6509. Thoughts speculative their unsure hopes relate ;
But certain issue strokes must arbitrate.
(4) Situation. Macbeth, v. 4.
Thou standest yet, quod she, in swiche array,
That of thy lif yet hast thou no seuretee. ARBITRIE. Judgment. Chaucer.
Chaucer, Cant. T. 6484. ARBLAST. An alblast, q. v. (^.-JV.)
But ri&e up your mangonel,
(5) ToWhan
dress.
that the firste cock hath crowe anon, And cast to their tree-castel,
And shoot to them with arblast,
Up rist this joly lover AhsoJon,
And him arayeth gay at point devise. The tailed dogs for to aghast I
Richard Coer de L*o», 1807.
Chaucer, Cant. T. 3689.
With bouwe and wettest thare schoten to Inm,
(6) To dispose ; to afflict. See Chaucer, Cant. T. Four hondret knyjtes and mo. MS. Laud 1118, f. 123.
8837 ; Towneley Mysteries, p. 40 ; Skelton's ARBLASTIR. An alblastere, q. v. (A.-N.}
"Works, ii. 197. Herman applies the word to Men soinin ovirthe wall stondc
illness, — " lie was sore arayed with sycknesse." Gret erigins, which y were ncre-honde,
In the Morte d' Arthur, ii. 374-5, it seems to And in the kernils here and there
"be a substantive, in the sense of disorder, tu- Of arblat,tirs grete plcntie were ;
mult; and Mr. Dyce gives quotations from None armourmighte ther stroke withstonde,
Reynard the Fox, in which it occurs as a verb It were foly to prese to honde.
Rom. of the Rose, 4195.
in a similar signification. In Maundevile's ARBOUSES. The dark hard cherry. Mowell.
Travels, p. 214, it means to prepare, to arrange.
ARAYNED. Tied up. ARBROT. A chemical salt.
Sal arbrott and sal alkelim,
And thenne he alyghte doune, and arayned his
hors on the brydel. and bonde alle the thre knyghtes Salgenne i-myngut with hym.
fast with the raynes of their owne brydels. MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 94-
Moj-te d'Arthur, I. 156. ARBUSTED. Filled with strawberry trees.
ARATNYE. Sand, So it is explained in Prompt What pleasures poets fame of after death,
Parv. MS. Harl. 221, f. 5, by the Latin arena. In the EHzean arbusted groves.
The Cyprian, Avademji, !J647» P' 5*.
The other copies read aranye, aranea, for which
ARC. A mare's tail cloud, or cirrhus, in the
this may be an error, but not " evidently," as form of a streak crossing the sky. Herefordsh.
stated by Mr. Way.
ARAYSING. Advancing. See Ark.
Also, in araysing the auncyaunt nobles of England, ARCANE. Secret.
the king hath appoyuted a good nonmbre of noble Have I been disobedient to thy words ?
persones of this his realme to take the ordre of Have I bewray'd thy arcane secrecy ? Locrzne, v. 5.
knyghthode, and be made knights of the Bath. ARCANETRYKK. Arithmetic. I do not recol-
Rutland Papers, p. 3. lect having met with this form of the word
ARBAGE. Herbage. elsewhere.
 ARC 7D ARE'
Gemetrye and cncanrtr, kJf, ARCUBALISTER. An alblastere, q. v.
Retorykk and musykk. In everie of them he set first archers and arciiha,-
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 127. listprst and next unto them pikes and speares,then
ARCEL. The liverwort. Skinner. bilmen and other with such short weapons; last of
ARCETER. A person skilled in the arts and all, another multitude with all kind of weapons, as
was thought most expedient.
sciences. "Arceter, or he that lernethe or Hohnsht'd, Hint, Scot. p. 13().
techethe arte, artist a." — Prompt. Parv. The ARD. (1) High. Used chiefly in composition
other editions read arcetyr.
TtRCETIK. In an early collection of medical in the names of places. In Cumberland, ac-
cording toBoucher, this term is used abstract-
recipes in MS. in the library of Lincoln Ca- edly to denote the quality of a place, a country,
thedral, f.307, is one "for the gout arcetM." or a field. Thus ard land means a dry, parched
See ArtetyJces. soil. In the canting dictionaries, the word is
AkCH. (1) A chief ; a master. explained hot.
The noble duke, my master,
My worthy arch and patron, comes to-night.
King Lear, ii. 1. (2) Lucye
Hard. the senatour in thojt
In such ard cas as hym vel,
was he sone,
wat were best to done.
(2) A piece of ground left unworked. A mining Rub. Glouc. p. 213.
term,
ARDANUD. Hardened.
ARCHAL. Liverwort. Phillips. And fouly defy lid than for synne,
ARCHANGEL. The dead nettle. See the No- That thei were than ardanud inne. MS. Digl>y 87,
menclator, p. 138 ; Cooperi Thesaurus, in v. ARDEERE. Harder.
Anonium. The word occurs in the Rom. of Ever the ardeere that it is,
the Rose, 915, apparently meaning some kind Ever the beter it is i-wys. Ardueelogia, xxx.388.
of bird, the original French being mesange, a ARDEN. Fallow quarter. Cumb. See Arders,
titmouse. for which this form may be an error.
ARCHARDE. An acorn. It is translated by $tos ARDENE. A command ; an ordinance.
in Prompt, Parv. p. 6. An aungyl fro hefne was sent ful snel,
ARCHDEAN. Apparently put for archdeacon, His name is clepyd Gabriel,
His ardene he dede ful snel.
in a passage from Gascoigne quoted by Nares. Christmas Carols, p. 15.
ARCHDIACRE. An archdeacon. (A.-N.)
Where archbishop and archdiacre ARDENTNESSE. Earnestness. A chapter in
Y-songin full out the servise, MS Bodl. 283, is entitled, " Of foly fervent-
Aftir the custome and the guise nesse or ardentnesse to do welle."
And holie churchis oid\nauiice.Chancer'sD>'eame,2136. ARD E R. A kind of fish, mentioned by Yerstegan,
ARCHER. The bishop at chess was formerly without explanation, in a letter printed in
so called. ElhYs Literary Letters, p. 108.
ARCHET. An orchard. Wilts. ARDERS. Fallowings or ploughings of ground.
ARCHE WIVES. Wives of a superior order. This is the explanation in the Diet. Rust. 1726,
Ye archewives, stondeth ay at defence,
Sin ye be strong as is a gret camaille, in v. See also Markham's Countrey Farme,
Ne sufireth not that men do you offence. 1616, p, 558. Polwhele gives ardar as
Chaucer, Cant. T. 9071. Cornish for a plough, andardur, a ploughman.
ARDI. Hardy.
ARCHICAL. Chief; principal. Orped thou art and of grete might,
So that Parmenides did also agree in this acknow- Gode knight and ardi in fight.
ledgement of a Trinity of divine or archical hypos- Gy of Wanvtfce, p. 37.
tases. Cudworth's Intel], Si/stem, p. 387.
ARCHIDECLYNE. The master ^of the feast at ARDILICHE. Hardily.
He smot unto a Sarrazin,
the marriage in Cana. See the Towneley Mys- No halp him nought his Apolin ;
teries, p.207. Now thai smitte togider comonliche»
Lyke to the -watyr of drchideclyne, And fight thai agin ardiliche. Gy of Warioike, p. 100.
Wichc be meracle were turned into wyne.
ARDURE. Burning. (4.-N.)
Lj/dgate's Minor Poems, p. 13. Now cometh the remedy ayenst lecherie, and that
ARCHIMASTRYE. Chemistry. is generally chastitee and continence, that restrein-
Maistryefull merveylous and archimastiye eth all disordinate mevings that coraen of fleshly
Is the tincture of holi Alkimy. talents . and ever the greter merite shal he have that
Ashnwle'a Thectt, CJiem.Brit. p. 33. most restreineth the wicked enchaufing or a? dure of
ARCHITECT. Architecture. this sinne. Persons* Tale, p. 108.
To finde an house y-built for holy deed, ARE.His(1) An oar.
With goodly architect and cloisters wide. maister than thai fand
Browne's Brit, Pastorals, 1625, p. 96. A bot and an are. Sir Tristrem, p. 153.
ARCHITEMPLES. Chief temples. Where many a barge doth rowe and sayle with are,
And the erchbischopricb.es as the thre (irchitemplas were, Where many a ship resteth with top royall.
As y t were of alle chef Cristendora to lere. Reliq. dntiq, i. 206.
Rob. Glouc* p 74.
ARCHMASTRIE. Arithmetic.
For what strangers may be compared with M.
(2) AWhyl
hare.I had syht, ther myht nevyr man fynde,
My pere of archerye in alle this werd aboute ;
Thomas Digges esquire, our countryman, the great For zitt schet I nevyr at hert, are, nerehynde,
master of archmastrie? But yf that he deyd, of this no man have doute.
Seamans Secretst 1694. Coventry Myst&\6t> p, 44.
 ARE
80
Al that hys ax areche myght,
Before.
(3) The Cf. Minot's Poems, p. 103. Hors and man he slowgh doun-ryght.
Richard Cuer de Lion, 7037,
knighds gadrid togedir thare,
And gan with crafte there counselle take,
Suche a knight was nevyr are, (3) To utter ; to declare.
But it were Launcelot du Lake. Butassoneas Beryn had pleyn knowleche
MS. Hart. 2252, f. 90. That his eyen were y-los*-. unneth he myght arerfie
O word for pure anguysh. History of Beryn, 2999.
Erly, are the daye gane sprynge,
He did a pryste his messe to synge. AREBE. (1) To explain ; to interpret. (d.-S.}
MS> Lincoln A. i. 17, f- 99- Of whiche no man ne couthe weden
The nombre, bot thehevene Kyng
(4) To plough. Kersey gives this as a pro- That woot the sothe of al thing.
vincial form of the word. Cooper, in Ms edi-
Kyng Alisaunder, 5115.
tion of Elyot, 1559, has, " aro, to eare or I trowe arede my dreames even,
Lo thus it was, this was my sweven.
plowe lande." The Sevyn Sages, 1154, (quoted in Boucher.)
(5) An heir. See Maundevile's Travels, p. 151.
(6) Honour ; dignity. See Hartshorne's Met. (2) To give counsel
Therefore to. trusty friend, arede
to me, my
Tales, p. 38 ; Maitland's Early Printed Books
Thy counsel : two is better than one head.
at Lambeth, p. 305 ; Brit. Bibl. iv. 86. Mother Kubberd's Tale, p. 5,
Dame, he seyde, be Goddys are,
Haste any money thou woldyst ware ? AREDILI. Easily; readily.
Ritson'* Pop. Poet. p. 70. Alle the clerkes under God couthe noujtdescrive

(7) A note in music, sometimes called a-la-mire^ Are&ili to the ri5tes theWill, and ofthethat
realte" Werwolf,
day. p. 380.
the lowest note but one in Guido's scale.^ See A-HEDY. Beady.
Reliq. Antq. i. 83 ; Tarn, of the Shrew, iii. 1. That in eche lond a-redy is
(8) An ear. Whyder so eny man wende. MS, Coll. Trin>0xon. 57.
She began somewhat to relent and to geve to them ARE ED. Counsel ; advice.
no deffe are, insomuche that she fay thfully promysed Now must your honor leave these mourning tunes,
to submyt and yelde herselfe fully and frankely to And thus, by my aresd, you shall provide.
the kynges wyll and pleasure. Hall, Richard 111, f .24. Downfall of Robert, E. of Huntingdon, i. I.
(9) Mercy. AREGES. A herb. It is an ingredient in a re-
Lord, seide Abraham, thin art !
Shal thou thine owne so forfare ? cipe in an old medical MS . at Lincoln, f. 286.
Cursor Mundi, MS. Colt. Trin, Cantab, f.18. AREIGHT. Struck.
Swete Ysoude, thin are, Otuel, for wrath, anon
Thou preye the kiug for me, Areight him on the cheek-bone.
Ellin's Met. Rom. ii. 338.
Yif it thi wille ware,
Of sake he make me fre. SirlWstremt p.241. AREIT. Judged?
i An hour. Lane. Whether for to willen here prosperity
\ Former ; previous. Schulde ben areit as synne and felonie.
Goddes werkkes for to wyrke, Eoetius, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f.288.
To serve Gode and haly kyrke, ARE-LUMES. Heir-looms. North. See the
And to mende hir are mysdede. Glossarium Northanhymbricum, in v.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 112. ARELY. Early; soon.
AREADINESS. Readiness. Aready occurs in The erle, als arely als it was daye,
the Exinoor Scolding, p. 4. Toke hys leve and wente his waye.
MS. Lincoln. A. i. 17, f. 117.
Getting therefore his bag and baggage in areadi-
AREN. Are, This plural is often met with in old
nesse, he was going out of Tunisfe ; and as he passed
writers, and is still used in the North country
out at the gates, he cast his eye up to the house
where Katherine was. Cobler of Canterburie, 1608.
dialects. It is the regular grammatical form.
It is ordered that the Lord Chamburlayn and Vice-
See Qu. Rev. Iv. 374. Sometimes arene, as in
Chamberlayn shall put themselfes in semblable
Appendix to W. Mapes, p. 347.
aredinesse, and they to appoynte all maner officers
for the chambre, makyng a boke of the names ofARENDE. An errand j a message. (4.-S.) See
theym and every of theym. Troilus and Creseide, ii. 72; Manners and
Archasvlogia, xxi 178.
AREAR, Upright. Kent. Kennett, MS. Lansd. Household Expences of England, p. 154.
For 5ystyrday deyde my nobyl stede,
1033, gives the example, " to stand arear, to On, 5oure arende as I jede. Rsliq. Antiq. ii. 101.
stand upright." ARENGE. In a series. It is translated by
AREAUT. Out of doors. North.
It will bring as good blendings, I dare say, seriatim in Prompt. Parv. p. 14.
As ever grew areattt in onny clay.
And ladde him and his monekes
Into a wel fair halle,
Yorkshire Dialogue, p. 41.
And sette hem adoun arenTc,
ARECHE. (1) To explain. (4.-S.) And wosche here fet alle. St. Erandan, p. iSf,
Crist and seint Stevene,
Quoth Horn, areche thy swcvene. Kyng Horn, 668.
ARENYNG. See AtTimyng.
Wethankyng God of the good and gracios arenyng
(2) To attain ; to reach. of yowre croune of Fraunce.
For ofte schalle a womman have
Lydgattfn Minor Poems, p. 4*
Thynge whiche a man may noujt areche.
Gower, MS. Soc. ^ntiq. 134, f. 59. ARERAGE. Arrear. (A.-N.) CoweU says, " it
jef me nul him forther teche, signifieth the remain of an account, or a sum
Thenne is herte wol areche of money remaining in the hands of an account-
For te lerne more, ReKq. 4ntig, i, 110. ant.*1 See also Barefs Alvearie, in v.
 ARE ARE
81 Palmer, ryghtly thou arest
I trowe raony in arerages vrol falle, All the maner.
And to perpetuel prisoun gonge.
Darst thou ryde upon thys beet
To the ryvere,
ARERE. (1) To raise. See Wright's Political And water hym that thou ne falle >
Songs, p. 342 ; Coventry Mysteries, pp. 132, Octovian Imp&-ators 14 25.
215, 240 ; Octovian Imperator, 21 ; Maunde- (5) Rancid. Prompt. Parv.
vile's Travels, p. 38 ; Holinshed, Hist. Eng. ARESTENESSE. Rancidity, applied to meat.
pp. 112, 129. (A.-S.) See Prompt. Parv. p. 14. Rancid bacon is
Ther schule the sautlen beo to-drawe,
called reesfy in the provinces.
That her arereden unryhte lawe. ARESTOGIE. A kind of herh ? See the Archa;-
MS. Coll. Jes. Oxon. 29.
A prince of the londis wide, ologia, xxx. 404.
Shalle barret arere for her pride. ARETHEDE. Honour. (A.-S.)
MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 75. Whare folkes sittis in fere,
Thare solde mene herkene and here
(2) To rear, as a horse. Of beryns that byfore were,
Wan any of hem that hors cam nej,
A caste behynde and arered an hej. That lyflfed in arettiede.
MS. Ashvnole 33, f. 49. Sit' Degrevant, Lincoln MS.

3) A term in hare-hunting, used when the ARETTE. (1) To impute, adjudge, reckon.^.-A7;)
See Apology for the Lollards, pp. 26, 85, 104;
% That
houndsall werelet loose. (^.-JV.)Cf.MS.Bodl.546.
maye hyra here, he shall saye arere. Chaucer, Cant. T. 728 ; Persones Tale, p. 63 ;
Book of St. Allans, ed. 1810, sig. D.iii. Morte d'Arthur, p. ii ; PhHpot's Works, p. 350 ;
Wickliffe's New Test. Phil?
Backwards
(4)Queene, ; behind. See Spenser's Faerie
III. vii. 24 ; Piers Ploughman, p. 181 ; The victorye es nojte wetted to thame that fliez,
bot to thame that habydez orfolowes on the chace.
Scott, glossary to Sir Tristrem, explains it or MS. Lincoln. A. i. 17, f. 15.
ere, before. (A.-N.}
My blaspheming now have I bought ful dere, (2) Hence, to value, to esteem. " We arretiden
All yerthly joie and mirthe I set arere. not him," old MS. translation of Isaiah, liii.
Testament of Creseide, 355. quoted in MS. Rawl. C. 155, from a copy at
Now plucke up your hertes, and make good chere; Cambridge. According to Cowell, a person is
These tydynges lyketh me wonder wele.
Now vertu shall drawe arere, arere ; arretted, " that is covenanted "before a judge,
Herke, felous, a good sporte I can you tell. and charged with a crime." See his Inter-
Hycke Scorner, ap. Hawkins, L 90.
preter, 1658. Rider translates it by ad rectum
vocatus. The verh arret is used hy Spenser
To retre at.
(5)He schunt for the scharp, and schulde haf arered. in the sense to decree, to appoint,
Syr Gawayne, p. 70. AREVANT. Back again.
The meyn shalle ye nebylle,
ARESEDE. Tottered. (A<-S.} And I shalle syng the trebille,
Though the mouht thefom was wight, 4revant the deville,
The tusches in the tre he smit ; Tille alle this hole rowte.
The tre aresede as hit wold falle, Townetey Myst eriet, p. 3J9.
The herd was sori adrad withalle,
AREVYD. Ajrrived.
And gan sone on knes to falle. They arevyd at the see etronde.
Sevyn Sages, 915. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 98.
ARE SON. To question, interrogate, examine.
A-REW. In a row. See Spenser's Faerie Queene,
(A.-N.)
Rom. of theSeeRose,
Hardyng's Chronicle,Chronicle,
6220 ; LangfafVs f. 189 ; V. xii. 29 ; Reliq. Antiq. i. 295 ; Rob.Glouc. p.
338 ; Prompt. Parv. p. 14.
p. 314; SeyntKaterine, p. 181; Ywaine and Firste that myn ordre longeth too,
Gawin, 1094 ; Maundevile's Travels, p. 131 ; The vicis for to telle a-rewe.
Piers Ploughman, p. 241. Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq, 134, f. 3&
Of that morther and that tresoun, AREWE, (1) To pity.
He dud that traitour to aresoun. Jhesu Christ arew hem sore,
Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 7- Ant seidehe wolde vacche hem thore.
Harrowing of Hell, p 15.
Themperour cleped Herhaud him to,
And aresound him tuene hem tuo. (2) To make to repent ; to grieve.
Gy of WarwiTte, p. 158. The Crystyn party become so than,
That the fylde they myjt not wynnej
ARE ST. (1) Arrest ; constraint. (A.-N.} Allearercydhyt, kynge and knyght.
They live but as a bird or as a beste, MS. Cantab. Ff, ii. 38, f. 91
In libertee and under non areste.
Chaucer, Cant. T. 9158. The furste artycul of thys gemetry : —
The mayster mason moste be ful securly
(2) Delay.
Alas,
(A.-N.}
than comith a wilde lionesse
Bothe stedefast, trusty, and trwe,
Out of the wode, withoutin more arest, Hyt shal hym never theime arewe.
Const. ofMagonrpt p. 13
Thisbe of Babylon, 101.
AREWEN. AITOWS. (A.-S.)
(3) ToAndstop.
ther (A-N.}
our hoste began his hors arest, Tweye bugle-hornes, and a bowe also,
And saide, lordes, herkeneth if you lest. And fyve arewtn ek therto.
Chaucer, Cant. T. 829,
ARE WES. Arrows.
(4) Relates*,
 ARG 82 ABO
Me bar a bo we in his hand,
Tyrwhitt explains argoile, potter's clay, as the
And manye brode arewes. French argille; Palsgrave, f. 18, has, "argile,
Piers Ploughman, p. 432.
a kynde of erthe, argille," out Skinner explains
\REYNED, Arrested. (A.-N.) it, " alcali sen sal kali." Ben Jonson, Al-
A man they inette and hym areyned.,
chemist, i.1, mentions, " arsenic, vitriol, sal-
To bere the Crosthey hymconstreynert.
MS. Karl. 1701, f. 88. tartar, argaile, alkali, cinoper," as the stock of
an alchemist; and in a MS. of the fifteenth
AREYTHB. Aright.
Anon to hem sche made complaynt, century penes me is a receipt "to make water
And tolde hem all areythe.
Frere and the Soy, st. xxix, argoile^ stthat
ances itseems meantartary"
ys, toaqua the tartar, or lees in-
in which of
ARFE. Afraid; backward; reluctant. North. wine, as before in argal, \. v. This also is
Sometimes arfiaA, in the same sense. clearly the meaning of argul in a very early re-
Whaugh, mother, how she rowts ! Ise varra arfe, ceipt inMS. Harl. 2253, printed in the Archaeo-
Shee'l put and rive my good prunella scaife. logical Journal, i. 65, " tac argul, a thing that
Yorkshire Dialogue, p. 35.
deyares deyet with, ant grint hit smal, ant
ARG. (1) To, argue. West. seththe tac a wollene clout, ant couch e thi
(2) To grumble. Sussex. poudre theron as brod as hit wol." Argul, or
ARGABUSHE. A harquebuss, an old fashioned argal, is the name of the impure salt deposited
kind of musket.
Then pushed souldiers with their pikes, from wine ; and when purified, is called bitar-
And halberdes with handy strokes ; trate of potash, or cream of tartar, a material
The argabwhe in fleshe it lightes,
still used in dyeing. Argol is mentioned in a
list of chemical metals in Gallathea, 1632.
And duns the ayre with misty smokes.
Percy's Reliqves, p. 101 . ARGOLET. A light horseman. A body of them
were called argoletiers. See Florio, in v.
ARGAL. (1) According to Kersey, " hard lees Guidone.
sticking to the sides of wine vessels, and other- Pisano, take a cornet of our horse,
wise called tartar." See Argoil As many argdets and armed pikes,
(2) Ergo. See Hamlet, v. 1. This is merely the And with our carriage march away before
grave-digger's vulgar corruption of the Latin By Scyras, and those plots of ground
word. Argo is found in a similar manner in That to Moroecus leads the lower way.
Peele's Worlcs, ii. f)5.
Middleton 's Works, 1 392 ; Sir Thomas More,
The which argaletier shall stand you iu as great
p. 24.
ARGEMONE. The wild tansy. Minsheu. stead as horses of better account.
An-heeologia, xiii. 184.
ARGENTILL. The herb percepiere. Gerard.
ARGENTINA. The wild tansy. ARGOLOGY. Idle speaking. Cockeram.
Argentina, wild tansy, growest the most in the ARGOS. The small false toes at the back of the
fallowes in Coteswold and North-Wilts adjoynin??,
that I ever saw. Aubrey's Wilts, MS.Soc. Reg. p. 318.
foot, applied to the boar, buck, and doe.
There is no deer so jong jif he be abroket upward
ARGENTINE. Silver. Minsheu gives argent, that his talon is more large and beter and more gret
a substantive in the same sense. argos then hath an hyncie, and corauneliche longere
Celestial Dian, goddess argentine, .traces. Maystre of the Game, MS.
I will obey thee !— Helicanus ! Pericles, v. 2.
ARGOSIES. Ships of great burthen, either for
ARGENT- VIVE. Quicksilver. merchandize or war. See Merchant of Venice,
The manner of our work ; the bulls, our furnace,
Still breathing fire; our argent-vive, the dragon.
i. 1 ; Douce's Illustrations, i. 248. Grose says
The Alchemist, ii. 1.the word is used in the North.
ARGOT. A corruption of argent, silver.
ARGHEDE. Astonished. (A.-S.)
That arghede alle that ther ware, Good sweet-fac'd serving man,
Bothe the lesse and the mare. Sir Perceval, 69, Let me out, I beseech de, and, by my trot,
I will give dy worship two shillings in good argot
ARGHNES. Sluggishness; indolence. To buy dy warship pippins.
The proverb is, the doumb man no land getith ; Beaumont and Fletcher, iii. 169.
Who so nat spekith, and with neede is bete,
And thurgh arghnesse his owae self forgetith, ARGUFY. To argue. Var. dial I believe I
No wondir thogh anothir him forgete. have heard the word used in the sense of to
Hoccleve's Poems, p. 56, signify.
Argnesse also me thynkth ys hard, ARGUMENT. (1) Conversation. So Shakespeare
Fore hit raaketh a man a coward.
JtfS. Bodt. 48, f. 137. seems to apply the word in Much Ado about
ARGIER. Algiers. Nothing, iii. 1.
Pro. Thou hast : Where was she born ? speak j tell me,
Ari. Sir, in Argier. The Tempest, i. 2. (2) ToThus
argue.
argumentid he in his ginning,
Ful unavisid of his wo comming.
ARGIN. An embankment ; a rampart. (Ital} Tffdlua and Creseido, i. 378*
It must have high argins and cover'd ways, But jit they argumenten faste
To keep the bulwark fronts from battery.
JHarlowf* Works, i. 128. Upon the pope and his astate,
Whereof they falle in gret debate.
ARGOIL. Chaucer, Cant.T. 16281, says the Gmver, MS. Soc. 4nt1q. 134, f. 33.
alchemist used, among other things,
Cley made with hors and mannes here, and oik (3) A given arch, whereby another is determined
Of tartre, alum, gJas, berme, wort, and argotta proportional to the first.
 A1U ARM
As ben his centres, and his argumentes, And privilie toke arivags Home of Famf,
And his proportional eonvenientes. Into the countrie of Carthage.
Chaucer, Cant. T. 11589.
ARGY. An argument. Salop. Rather, perhaps, ARIVAILE. Arrival. (A.-N.)
assertion in dispute, according to Brockett, Tho sawe I all the artvaile
That jEneas made in Itaile.
who says, "the term is generally applied to a
person who is not only contentious, hut perti- ARIVED.
4 „
Riven; split asunder.
nacious inmanaging an argument." Well evill mote thei thrive,
ARICHES. The ends of joists. HoweU. And evill arived mote thei be.
ARID. Upright ? Rom. of the Rose, 1068.
Swa he met the arid and te ferd, ARIZINGE. Resurrection.
That bathe thay fel ded to the herd.
Guy of Warwick, Miadlehill MS. Ich y-leve ine the Holy Cost, holy cherche gene-
ralliche, mennesse of haljen, lesnesse of zennes, of
ARIEREBAN. A general summons from the ulesse arizinge, and lyf evrelestinde.
king to all his vassals to appear in arms. S&inner.
ARIET. Harriet. North.
ARK. (1) A chest. In the North of England,
ARIETE. Aries, one of the signs in the zodiac. the large chests in farm houses used for keep-
See Troilus and Creseide, iv. 1592, v. 1189 ; ing meat or flour are so called. They are
Lydgate's Minorword.Poems, p. 243. It occurs usually made of oak, and are sometimes elabo-
also as a Latin rately carved. From the name Arkwright, it
Or that Phebus entre in the signe would seem that the construction of them
With his carecte of the ariete. formerly constituted a separate trade.
Lydgate, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 8. And trusse al that he mithen fynde
But modirworth moste gaderyd be Of hise, in arfce or in kiste. Havelok, 2018.
Archceologia, xxx. 372. (2)Essex.
Clouds running into two points, thus O-
"Whyll the sonne is in ariete.
ARIGHT. (1) Performed ; made ?
Such gestenyng he aright, (3) A part of the circumference of a circle. (Lai.)
The ark of his artificial day had ronne
That there he dwellid alle nyjt The f ourthe part, and half an houre and more.
With that lady gent. Chaucer, Cant. T. 4422.
Torrent of Portugal, p. 58-
And found a purs fulle riche arighte
With gold and perils that was i-bente. (4) AnIt were
arch.the part of an idle orator to describe the
MS. Harl. 2252, f, 101. pageants, thearkes, and other well devised honoures
(2) Pulled? done unto her. Hayward's Annals of Qu. . Eliz. . p. r '
On a day she bad him here pappe, . Money paid to hind a bargain. Dr.
And he arifhte here soo, Jamieson says, " an earnest, of whatever kind;
He tare the oon side of here hrest.
Syr Gowghter, 129.
a pledge of full possession/' Kersey gives arles-
penny, a North country word for "earnest-
ARINDRAGA. A messenger. Versteaan. money given to servants." It is sometimes the
ARIPE. A kind of bird. custom to give a trifle to servants when they
He chasid aripes, briddes of Archadle. were hired, as a kind of retainer. See an in-
MS. IHgbrj, 230.
stance inDr. Dee's Diary, p. 11, According
ARIST. Arises. See Hartshorne's Met. Tales, to Pegge, to ark a bargain is to close it. See
p. 105 ; Kyng AJisaunder, 5458 ; Gower, ed. also Hunter's Hallamshire Glossary, p. 104;
1532, f. 70. Skinner, part 3, in v.
The world arist, and falleth withalle.
Gowert MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 34. ARLICHE. Early. See the Sevyn Sages, 204;
Foules in wode hern make blithe, Legend of Pope Gregory, p. 13. (4.-S.)
In everich lond arist song. Gode tidinges y telle the,
Arthour and Merlin, p. 274. That theraperour sikerlrche
ARISTIPPUS. A kind of wine. Wille huntte to-morwe artiche,
O for a bowl of fat canary, In his forest priveliche. Gy ofWartvike, p. 87.
Rich Aristippus, sparkling sherry ! ARLING. " An arling, a byrde that appeareth
Some nectar else from Juno's dairy ; not in whiter, a clotbyrde, a smatch, cesmleo."
O these draughts would make us merry J Barefs Alvearie, 1580. See also Muffett's
Middleton's WorTfs, ii. 422.
ARISTOLOCH. The plant called round hartwort. Health's Improvement, 1655, p. 100 ; Florio,
in v. Frusone.
See Topsell's Historic of Four-footed Beasts, ARLOUP. The middle deck of a ship ; the orlop.
1607, p. 345. So Cotgrave has the word, in v. Tillac.
ARITE. An arrest. S&i?mer. The word occurs ARLY. Early. East. (4.-S.)
in Troilus and Creseide, iv. 1592, for Aries. And noght over arty to mete at gang,
See Ariete. Ne for to sit tharat over lang.
ARITHMANCIE. A kind of divination, the MS. Cott. Galba E. ix, f, 65.
foretelling of future events hy numbers. See Ich wil that ow to-morwen arly
Mi douhter at the chirche spousy.
Harrison's Description of Britaine, p. 28. Gy of Warwike, p. *#>.
ARIVAG-E. Shore;
There sawe I how landing place.stente,(A.-N.}
the tempest ARM. (1) To take up in the arms. So Shake-
And how with alle pine he went, speare uses the word in Cymheline, iv. 2.
 ABM ARM
84
which defended those pails of the body other,
'2) Harm.
So fally cm the, sire emperour,
Swicharm, and schame, and desonour, ARMING-SWORD.
wise exposed. A two-handed sivord. See
Meyric'k.
Yif thou do thi sone unright, the Nomenclator, p. 275 ; Arch. xii. 351.
Als to the greihound dede the knight. Some had their arrnmge sweardes freshly bur-
Sevyn Sages, 852. nished, and some had them conningly vernyshed.
Hall, Hen. IF. f. 12.
"Warner's Antiq.
(3) In a receipt for a dish inthat A he-lmett of proofe shee strait did provide,
Colin, p. 26, it is directed " cranes and
A strong armingK-stvoi <i shee girt by her side,
herons shal be armed with lardes of swyne." On her hand a goodly faire gavratlett put shee ;
In this place the word means larded with bacon Was not this a brave bonny lass, Mary Ambree ?
fat, and roasted birds when larded certainly Percy's Reliques, p. 144. •
may be said to be formidably armed. ARMIPOTENT. Mighty in arms. (Lat.)
(4) Defence; security? And dounward from an hill under a bent,
Now Icvkith ye, for I wol have no wite Thcr stood the temple of Mars armipotent,
To bring in prese, that might y-don him harme, Wrought all of burned stele, of which the entree
Or him disesin, for my bettir artne. Was longe and streite, and gastly for to see.
Troilw and Cweide, ii. 1650. Chaucer, Cant. T. 1084.
ARMAN. A kind of confection, given to horses ARMITE. A helmet. (A.-N.) Palsgrave (f. 18)
to create an appetite. Diet. Rust.
ARMESIN-TAFFBTA. A kind of taffata, men- says
On that armet
the iiij is " ofa heed
corners pese ofwere
the waggon harnesse."
iiij. hed
tioned byHo-well in his 25th section. peces called armites, every pece beyng of a sundery
ARMETT. A hermit. device. Hall, Henry VIII. f. 70.
And this armett soyn can hym frayn ARMIES. Without an arm. (A.-S.}
How he had sped of hys gatt. And on a wall this king his eyen cast,
MS. Seld. Arch. B. 52. And saw an hand armies, that wrote ful fast,
ARMFUL. An armful of hay, according to For fere of whlche he quoke, and siked sore.
Chaucer, Cant. T. 14209.
Howell, is as much as can be taken in the two ARMLET. A bracelet ; a piece of armour for
hands together.
ARM-GAUNT. Lean; thin; very lean. So the the arm.
first two folios read, but the correctness of it Not that in colour it was like thy hair,
Armlets of that thou mayst stillVonnv'it
let me JStegiesi
wear. xii.
has been much disputed. Mason suggests
termagaunt, a conjecture supported by Toone; ARMONY. (1) Harmony.
b ut there is no necessity for alteration. Shake- And musik had, voyde of alle discord,
speare uses arm-gaunt, as thin as an armj(in the Boece her clerk, withe hevenly dmiony,
same way that Chaucer writes arm-gretj q. T. And instrumentes alle of oon accorde.
So he nodded, Lydgata's Minor JPoenw, p. 11-
And soberly did mount an arm-gaunt steed.
Awtony and Cleopatra, i. 5. (2) Armenia.
Shewe me tho ryght path
ARM-GRET. As thick as a man's arm. To the hylles of Armony. Skeltorfs Works, i. 58.
A wreth of gold am-gwt, of huge weight, ARMORIKE. Basse Bretagne in France, an-
Upon his bed sate ful of stones bright. ciently called Britannia Armorica.
Chaucer, Cant. T. 2147- In ArmwiJce, that called is Bretaigne,
ARMIGERO. An esquire. (Lot.) See the Ther was a knight, that loved and did his pelne
commencement of the Merry Wives of To serve a ladie in his beste wise,
Chaucer, Cant. T. 1104L
Windsor, i. 1. Tesfe — armigero. ARMORWE. The morrow.
ARMINE. A beggar. (JDitf.)
Luce. O here God, so young an armine .' An armortoe erliche
Flow. At mine, sweetheart, I know not what you Themperour aros sikerliche. Cy of W&ywtiw* ^.iil.
mean by that, but I am almost a beggar. ARMS. The arms of a hawk are the legs from
The London Prodigal, p. 122.
the thigh to the foot. See the Laws of the
ARMING. (1) A coat of arms. Forest and Game, 1709, p. 40.
When the Lord Bearaont, who their armings knew, ARMURE. Armour. (A.-N.} See Melibeus,
Their present perill to bra^e Suffolke shewes.
Drayton's Poems, p. 63. p.
the latter instance, the form of p.
114 ; Lydgate's Minor Poems, the260.
word Inis
armwrys.
(2) A net hung about a~ship's "hull, to protect ARM YE. A naval armament.
the men from an enemy in a fight. SeeHuloet's
Abcedarium, 1552. Whiche I thought not eonvertyent, conjecturing
ARMING-GIRDLE. A kind of sword girdle. Cf. that with those streynable wyndcs, the rest of
Nomenclator, 1585, p. 171; Florio, in v. tharmye comyng out of Thames, and also the Henry,
Balteo ; Cotgrave, in v, Ceincture, Balthee. with the Mary Roose, sholde be in tho Downes.
Florio, in v. Sellone, mentions an arming-sad- State Papers, 1. 191.
dle, and there are also other similar com- ARMYLL. A hracelet ; a necklace. (Lot.)
The king thus gird with his swerd, and standing,
pounds. See Strutt, ii, 229. shall take wmyll of the Cardinall, saying thise words,
ARMING-POINTS. Short ends of strong twine, accipe wmillam, and it is to wete that armyll is made
with points like laces : they were fixed princi- in maner of a stole wovyn with gold and set with
pally under the armpits and ben dings of the stones, to be putt by the Cardinail aboute the Kinge*
arms and knees, to fasten the gussets of mail necke. - Rutland Paper* p. «*•
 ABN ARO
85
ARMYN. Ermine. " Blacke speckes lyke Hearne's Fragment, p. 298 ; Chaucer, Cant T.
armyns" are mentioned in the Book of St. 4706, 8218.
Albans, sig. A. v. See also Hall, Henry VIII. In Brytayn this layes arne y-wrytt,
f. 3; Rutland Papers, p. 23; Assemble of Furst y-founde and forthe y-gete. OrpTieo, 13
Ladies, 527. ARNEDE. An errand.
They toke a furre of armyn, To his wif he went anon,
And wrapped the chyldur theryn. And saide sche most on his arnede gon.
MS. Ca>,tab.F£.ii. 38, f. 120. Sevyn Sc#e$, 1594.
And clad them alle in clothys of pryse, ARNEMELIT. A kind of powder. In the Book
And furryd them with armyne. Ibid. f. 242.
Your cote armoure of golde full fyne,
of St. Albans, sig. C. ii. is a direction to " fylle
And poudred well with good armyne. the
This hole wyth apowdre
is probably an error offorarnemelit
arnement.brente.''
See a
Squyr of Lowe Degre, 230.
ARMYSE. Arms. similar passage in Reliq. Antiq. i. 302.
Torrent sayd, Be Marre dere !
ARNEMENT. Ink. See the Sevyn Sages, 2 7 76;
And I were off armyse clere, MS. Med. Lincoln, f. 285 ; MS. Sloane 2584,
Yowr dowghthyr me leve were. p. 29. (Lai.)
Toirent of Portugal, p. 4. He dud make hym a garnement,
ARMYTE. A hermit. See Armett. Instances As black as any arnement.
MS. Cantab. Ff. il. 38, f. 139.
of armyte occur in Hartshorne's Met. Tales, ARNEMORWE. Early in the morning. (A.-S.)
p. 304 ; Le Bone Florence of Rome, 1461. Bifor Gormoise that cit£
On the morne he gane hym dy5ht On amemorwe than come we,
In armytes aray. MS.AshmoleGl, f. 30.
ARMYVESTAL. Warlike. With fif hundred of gode knightes.
Gy of WarwiJce, p. 184.
Thenne said Morgan, sawe ye Arthur my broder ?
Ye, said herknyghtes, ryght wel, and that ye shold ARNEST. Earnest. See a reading in the King's
have founde and we myghte have stered from one College MS. quoted in Prompt. Parv. p. 142.
stede, for by his armi/vestal contenaunce he wold At p. 14, it is the translation of strena, earnest
have caused us to have fled. Morte d' Arthur, i. 110, money, hansel.
ARN. (1) To earn. Salop. It is also a contrac- ARNEYS. Armour. See a curious stage di-
rection inthe Coventry Mysteries, p. 283.
tion of e'er a one in the West country dialect.
Fore he wyll drynke more on a dey ARNS. Aries, q.v. North.
Than thou cane lyghtly arne in twey. ARNT. (1) Have not jam not. West.
MS. Aslimole 61, f. 23.
(2) An errand. North.
'2) To run ; to flow. (A.-S.) ARNUT. The earth-nut, or pig-nut, frequently
* Eldol, erl of Gloucester, also in hys syde eaten by boys in the north of England.
Arnde, and kepte her and ther, and slow a-boute wyde.
Rob. Glove, p. 140.
AROINT. A word of expulsion, or avoiding.
Now ristgrete tabour betyng, Douce thinks there is no doubt that it signifies,
Blaweyng of pypes, and ek trumpyng, away! run! and that it is of Saxon origin.
Stedes lepyng, and ek arnj/ng. See his Illustrations, i. 371. It occurs thrice
Kyng Atisattnder, 2165. in Shakespeare in this sense, Macbeth, i. 3,
Anon so sein Joan this i-sei5h, and King Lear, iii. 4, applied in each instance
He arnde aftur anon, to witches. The print published by Hearne,
And siwedehim also stifliche referred toby the commentators, seems scarcely
Ase his hors mijhtegon. MS.Laud. 108, f,173. applicable. SeeArouyf. The fourth folio
(3) An eagle. (A.-S.) reads anoint, according to Steevens, a reading
ARNALDIE. A kind of disease, mentioned by which may perhaps be confirmed by a passage
the early chroniclers without explanation. in Ben Jonson's Masque of Queens :
Skinner considers the word of Arabic origin, Sisters, stay, we want our Dame ;
but see Ducange, in v. Arnaldia, who con- Call upon her by her name.
fesses its precise meaning is not known. And the charra we use to say,
ARNARY-CHEESE. Ordinary or common That she quiekly anoint, and come away.
cheese made of skimmed milk. Dorset. But as the word is spelt aroynt three times in
ARND. An errand ; a message. See a curious the early editions, we are scarcely justified in
hymn printed by Hearne, quoted in Brit. Bibl. proposing an alteration. Ray explains "rynt
ii. 81, and the Catalogue of the Douce MSS. ye" fiyyour leave, stand handsomely, and gives
p. 20, which mentions another copy, identifying the Cheshire proverb, "Ryntyou, witch, quoth
MS. Douce 128 as the copy of Avesbury used Besse Locket to her mother." This proverbial
by Hearne. Arnt occurs in Tim Bobbin in the saying positively connects rynt with aroint,
same sense. and Wilbraham informs us that " rynt thee"
And sped hem into Spayne spacli in a while, is an expression used by milkmaids to a cov?
And to the kud king Alphouns kithed here arnd. when she has been milked, to bid her to get out
Will, and the Werwolf, p. 190. of the way, which is more likely to be correct
ARNDEKN. The evening. SwAandorn. than Ray's explanation. Boucher goes farther,
When the sad ttrndern shutting in the light. and says, aroint is the word used in that county;
Drayton's Owl, ed. 1748, p. 410. but Ray's proverb is sufficient, and of good, au-
AKNE. Are. See Black's Pen. Psalms, p. 51 ; thority, because he does not appear to iiuve
 AltO f6 ARR
had the Shakespearian -word in view. The His navyo greate with many soudyoures,
connexion between aroint and rynt being thus (2) Arrived.
To sayle anone into this Britayn made,
established, it is clear that the compound ety- In Thamis arove, wher he bad ful sharpe shores.
mology proposed by Mr. Rodd, in Knight's Hardyngs Chronicle, f . 33.
Shakspere, is inadmissible. A more plausible A-ROWE. In a row ; successively.
one is given in Nares's Glossary, in v. from Thabot present him a schip
the Latin averrunco, the participle of which Ther that mani stode a-rouwe.
may have been formed into aroint, in the legend of Pope Gregory, p. 31.
same way that punctum has become point; For thre nyjtes a-roive he seyje that same syjt.
Chron. Vilodun. p. 68.
tunctum, joint, &c. See also Collier's Shake- AROWZE. To bedew. (Fr.) Nares doubts the
speare, vii. 103, where the same conjecture is
revived, and attributed to a more recent writer. correctness of this explanation, and considers
it has the usual sense of arome.
The a may have been dropped, and Mr. Wil- The blissful dew of heaven does arowze you.
braham's conjectural origin from arowma re- Tfie Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 4.
ceives some confirmation from a passage quoted
in Collier's Hist. Dram. Poet. ii. 289, where ARPEYS. A land of resin, composed of tallow
the form of that word is aroinef but perhaps and tar. A mention of it occurs in an early
we should read arome. English medical MS. at Stockholm. See the
Archseologia, xxx. 404.
AROMAZ.
mentioned Ain spice. " Smirles
MS. Cott. Titus of
D. aromaz" are
xviii. f. 142. ARPIES. Harpies; furies.
The tother to mirre, the thridde to flour, Scnde out thine arpies, send anguishe and dole.
Chaucer, ed. Urryt p. 527.
The ferthe like to aromate.
Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin, Cantab, f. 129. ARPINE. An acre. (Fr.)
ARON. The starchwort. Minshezc. See Aaron. Privacy I It shall be given him
A-ROST. Roasted. In open court ; I'll make him swallow It
Before the judge's face : if he be master
Theune mot ych habbe hennen a-rost, Of poor ten arpines of land forty hours longer,
Feyr on fyhshe day launprey ant lax. Let the world repute me an honest woman.
Wright's Political Songs, p. 151. Webster's Works, ii. 82.
AROXJGrT. This word occurs in an old print ARPIT. Quick; ready. Salop.
copied by Hearne from an ancient illumination ARPSICORD. A harpsichord. So Cotgrave
representing the harrowing of hell. It means, spells the word, in v. Harpechorde.
probably, go out, but see Aroute. ARRABLE. Horrible.
AROUME. Aside; at a distance. It is translated Fendis led hir with arrable song
by remote, deprope, seorsum, in Prompt. Parv. Be-hynde and jeke before.
p. 14. See Book of Fame, ii. 32 ; Kyng Ali- MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 45.
saunder, 1637; Richard Coer de Lion, 464; ARRABYS. Arabian horses.
Moyllez mylke whitte, and mervayllous bestez,
Collier's Hist. Dram. Poet. ii. 289; Digby Elfaydes and arrabys, and olyfauntez noble.
Mysteries, p. 188. (A.-S.) Morte jirthvre, MS. Lincoln, f. 77.
The geaunt aroume he stode,
His hond he tint y-wis ; ARRACIES. Atermappliedtothe smalleranimals
He fleighe, as he wer wode, of the chase, which were skinned, similarly to
Ther that the castel is. Sir Tristrem, p. 263.
the process now used for hares and rabbits, in
And drough hem wel fer aroume. opposition to flayed. See Reliq. Antiq. i. 151-2:
Arthour and Merlin, p. 214.
And thenne shulSe the lord and the mayster of the
Sir H. Dryden's Twici, p. 29.
ARRAGE. (1) Vassal service in ploughing the
game, and alle the hunters, stonde aroom al aboute the
reward, and blowe the deeth. lord's land. The terms arrage and carriage
MS. Sodl. 546.
AROUN. Around. North. are frequently used together, as descriptive of
Ayren they leggith as a griffon, an important part of the services which, in
Ac they beon more feor aroun.
feudal times, vassals owed to their lords. 4
Kyng Alisaunder, 6603. (2) To go about furiously. (A.-N.)
I shall sende for them all that ben subgettys and
AROUTE. (1) To go; to move about. (Su. G.) alyed to thempyre of Rome to
Lo, seyde the emperour, come to myn ayde,
Byhold now aboute, and forthwith sente old wyse knyghtes unto these
And cure Godis honure ich rede, countrayes folowynge, fyrste to ambage and arruge,
Other thou shelt herto aroute. to Alysaundrye, to Ynde, to Hermonye.
MS, Coil. Trin. Oxon. 57. Murte A* Arthur, i. 135.
ARRAHIND. Around. Staff.
He my3te not -wonne in the wones for witt that he usid,
But a-rouutid for his ray, and rebuked ofte.
ARRAIGN. To arrange.
Deposition of Richard II. p. 22. See them mrtaigrtd ; I will set forward straight.
In all that lond no Christin durst arout, Webster's Works, Ii. 261
Chaucer > ed. Un-yf p. 53.
ARRALS. Pimples; eruptions on the skin. Cumb.
(2) An assembly. Gower. ARRAND. An errand. Skinner. The form arrant
AROU3T. Explained. is still used in the North, and is found in Mid-
Here sweven bi him tolden word after word, dleton's Works, v. 5. HoweU, in his collection
Josep here sweven gone haveth arou^t.
MS.£odl.652,f,5.
of English Proverbs, p. 2, gives the following:
"One of the four and twenty qualities of a
AROVE. (1) Rambling about. Craven. \ knave is to stay long at his arrand."
 87
ARE
ARE
ARRANT. Malory, in his Morte d'Arthur, i. zetshere, Dorsetshire, and parte of Wiltshere for to
199, &c. applies this word to knights, where arredy and arays the people by a certayne day.
we say errant. The term is generally applied Arrival of King Edward IV. p. 23.
to any thing or person extremely objectionable Desiryng and pray you to dispose and arredieyou
to accompayneye us thedir, with as many per-
and worthless, and was probably derived from sones defensabyly array ede as ye can make.
the licentious character of wanderers in general. MS. Ash-mole, 1160.
ARRA-ONE. Ever a one. Wilts. ARREED. This word is explained award, and
ARRAS. (1) A superior kind of tapestry, so Milton referred to as the authority, in Glosso-
named from Arras, the capital of Artois in the graphia Anglicana Nova, ed. 1719, inv.
French Netherlands, which was celebrated for ARREISE. To raise. See Praise.
its manufacture. In the rooms of old houses They beyng advertised, ai-reised a greate power of
hung with arras, there were generally large xiii. m. and came to the passage, and slewe of the
spaces between the hangings and the walls, and French emen vj. c. Hall, Hemy VIII. f. 112.
Soone over al this tithing ras,
these were frequently made hiding places in That Lazar thus areysed was.
the old plays. Falstaff proposes to hide him- Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 89.
self behind the arras at Windsor; andPolonius
is killed behind the arras in Hamlet, iii. 3. ARRERE-S UPPER. A rere-supper ; a collation
See the Unton Inventories, ed. J. G. Nichols, served up in the bedroom, after the first supper.
gloss, in v. Aryste. Falstaff, no moderate size, See Holinshed, Hist. Scot, f.208, as quoted by
Boucher, in v. Arrear.
sleeps behind the arras in 1 Henry IV. ii. 4, ARRIDE. To please. (Lett.)
where Dr. Johnson thinks Shakespeare has If her condition answer but her feature,
outstepped probability, but Malone has dis- I am fitted. Her form answers my affection j
tinctly proved the contrary. See his Shake- It ar rides me exceedingly. I'll speak to her.
speare, xvi. 299. The Antiquary, ii. 1.
(2) A kind of powder, probably made of the root ARRIDGE. The edge of anything that is liable
of the orris. See Gerard, p. 48, "Halfe to hurt or cause an ar, q. v. North. See A
an ounce of arras" is mentioned by Harrison, Guide to the Lakes, ed. 1784, p. 300. With
Descr. of England, p. 170, as a material used this may be connected arris, " the line of con-
in brewing, and Webster twice mentions arras- course, edge, or meeting of two surfaces." See
powder as having been sprinkled on the hair. Britton's Arch. Diet, in v.
See Webster's Works, i. 133; Markham's Engl. ARRIERE. The hinder part. (Fr.) This foreign
Houswife, 1649, p. 150. word was formerly in use as a military term,
ARRAUGHT. Reached $ seized by violence. instead of rear. See Johnson in v.
We have already had araught and areche, but ARRISHES. According to Marshall's Rural
this form is quoted as used by Spenser, and (Economy, i/171, this is the Devonshire term
admitted by Nares, who was not aware of any for stubbles or eddish ; arrish mows, which he
example of the verb in the present tense. mentions as little stacks set up in a field, seem
ARRAW1GGLE. AJI earwig. Suffolk. " Arwygyll to be so called merely from their being in the »
worme" occurs in the Prompt. Parv. trans- arrish, or stubble-field.
lated by aurialis. ARRIVALL. A rival?
ARRAYERS. Those officers that had the care On a day he saw a goodly young elephant in copu-
lation with another, and instantly a third aproched
of the soldiers' armour. Rider. with a direfull braying, as if he would have eaten up
ARRE. (1) To snarl. al the company, and, as it afterward appeared, he
They arre and bark at night against the moon,
For fetching in fresh tides to cleanse the streets. was an arrimll to the female which we saw in copu-
lation with the other male.
Summer's Last Will and Testament, p. 37.
* Topsell'a Four-footed Beasts, 1607, p. 197.
(2) The letter R. ARRIVANCE. The arrival of company.
There was an V. and thre arres to-gydre in a sute, For every minute is expectancy
With letters other, of whiche I shal reherse.
Archafolngia, xxix. 331. Of more <zm" wanes. Othello, ii. 1.
ARRECT. (1) To impute. (Lat,} ARRIVE. (1) To arrive at.
Therfore he awecteth no blame of theyr dedes But ere we could an-fue the point propos'd,
Caesar cried, Help me, Cassius, or I sink.
unto them. Sir Thomas More's WorTces, p. 271. Julius C<Bsart i. 2.
That this passe you not undirected, as we truste
you, and as we have no cause t'amecte or ascribe (2) Anforests,
Whose arrival.
hills, and floods, then long for her arrive
any default unto you hereafter.
From Lancashire. Di'ayton's Polyolbion, p. 1192.
Davies's York Records, p. 252. ARRODE, Herod. In the account of the Co-
(2) To offer ; to refer.
Arrectinge unto your wyse examinacion ventry Pageants, 1489, is a payment for " a
How all that I do is under reffbnrution. gowen to J.rrode." See Sharp's Diss. on the
Skelton's Works, i. 378. Coventry Myst. p. 28.
ARROGATION. Arrogance. More.
(3) To direct. ARRONLY. Exceedingly. Lane.
Arectyng my syght towarde the zodyake.
The sygnes xii. for to beholde a-farre. ARROS. Arrows.
Skelton's WorJes, i. 361. The first of omwthat the shote off.
ARKEDT. To make ready. Seven skore spear-men, the sloughe.
Percy's Reliques, p. a,
And so forthewith they sent al about in Somar-
 AIIS 8
ARROSE, This is the reading in one edition of saddle upon a tired horse's back, it will make
Hardyng's Chronicle, where the others read him travaile fresh and lustily." See Brand's
arove, q. v.
ARROW. Tearful. Rider. Antiq.Reg.
Pop. Soc.
MS. iii. p. ; Aubrey's Nat. Hist. "Wilts.
165139.
ARROW-HEAD. A kind of aquatic plant.
Skinner, ARSEVERSE. According to Blount's Glosso-
51, this pre-
word ofisan" ahouse
The making of arrow-
graphia,tendeded. writtenp.upon
spell, 1681, the door
ARROW-HEADERS.
heads formerly constituted a separate trade. to keep it from burning."
Lanterners, stry tigers, grynders, ARSEWISPE. Rider gives this word, which
Arowe-heders, maltemen, and corne-monge rs. scarcely requires explanation, as the transla-
Cocke Lorelles Bote, p. 10. tion of the Latin anitergium.
ARROWRE. An error. ARSLE. To move backwards ; to fidget. East.
This mrowre had he In hys thoght, Cotton, in his Virgil Travestie, ed. 1734, p. 5,
And in hys thoght a slepe hym toke. has arsing about, turning round.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38 , f. 240. ARSMETRIK. Arithmetic. (Lat.}
ARROWY. Abounding in arrows. Milton, Para- Arsmetrik is lore
dise Regained, b. iii. has " sharp sleet of arrowy That al of figures is. MS. Ashmole 43, f. 180.
shower," which is apparently plagiarised by And arsmetryk> he castyng of nombrary,
Gray in the following passage. Chees Pyktegoras for her parte.
Now the storm begins to lower, Lydgate's Minor Poems, p. 11.
Haste, the loom of hell prepare ! ARSOUN. The bow of a saddle, (A.-N.) It is
Iron sleet of arrowy shower
sometimes used for the saddle itself. Each sad-
' Hurtles in the darkened air. dle had two arsouns, one in front, the other
Gray's Fatal Sisters.
ARRWUS. Arrows. This form of the word behind ; the former called the fore-arsoun, as
in Richard Coer de Lion, 5053. In the same
occurs in a strange burlesque printed in Reliq. romance, 5539, speaking of King Richard, we
Antic*, i. 82. are told that "both hys arsouns weren off
ARRY. Any. Somerset.
ARRYN. To seize. yren." In Kyng Alisaunder, 4251, it appar-
And the Jewys xul crye for joy with a gret voys, ently means the saddle.
And the arson behynde, as y yow say,
and arryn hym, and pullyn of his clothis, and byndyn
Syr Befyse smote clene
MS. away.
Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 123.
hym to a pelere, and skorgyn hym.
Coventry MysterieSt p. 316,
On ys stede ful the dent,
ARS. Art ; science. This word was usually em- Byside the for-arsoun. MS. Ashmole 33, f. 44.
ployed to signify the occult sciences. (Lat.) ARST. First; erst.
Barounes weore whilem wys and gode,
That this ars wel undurstode : Tho was made frenshepe therMS.
arstHart. 1701, f. " 87-
was debate,
Ac on ther was, Neplanamous, As thou haste seyde, so schalle hyt bee,
Wis in this ars, and malicious. Arste y schalle not blynne.
Kyng Alisaunder, 1%. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 72.
ARSARD. Unwilling ; perverse. Var. dial It ARS-TABLE. A table used in magic, probably
is sometimes pronounced arset. the same as the astrolabe.
ARSBAWST. A fall on the back. Staff. His ars-table he tok out sone.
ARSBOORD. The binder board of a cart. Staff. Theo cours he tok of sonne and mone,
ARSEDJNE. A kind of ornamental tinsel some- Theo cours of the planetis seven,
He tolde also undur heven.
times called assady, or orsady, which last is Kyng AUsavndert 287.
probably the correct word. Ben Jonson men- ARSTON. A hearth-stone. Yorfoh.
tions itin his Bartholomew Fair, ii. 1, See ARSY-VERSY. Upside down ; preposterously.
also Sharp's Diss. on Cov. Myst. p. 29 ; Cun- It is translated prtspositus by Rider, and the
ningham's Revels' Accounts, pp. 33, 57. See second meaning is given by Kersey. See Hu-
Assidue. Gifford considers it to be a vulgar
corruption of arsenic, iv. 405. dibras, I. iii. 828 ; Drayton's Poems, p. 272.
ART. (1) A quarter ; a point of the compass.
ARSELING-POLE. The pole with which bakers North.
spread the hot emhers to all parts of the oven.
East. (2) Eight. Exmoor.
ARTE. To constrain ; to compel. (Lat.} See
ARSELINS. Backwards. Norfolk. Prompt. Parv. p. 14 j Troilus and Creseide,
ARSENICK. The water-pepper. The herb is i. 389 ; Court of Love,M6 ; Hoccleve's Poems,
mentioned under this name in the Nomencla-
In no wise I may me hettur excuse,
tor, 1585,
from p. 126.
the mineral It isof'tothebe same
poison distinguished
name. p. Than
71. sey my wltt, so dul and unperfite,
ARSEPUSH. A fall on the back, ffowell Artith me thus rudely for tendite, MS. Rawl. C. 48.
A tiraunt wolde have artid him by paynes,
A.RSE SMART. The periscaria. It is called the A certeyne counsel to bewrey and telle.
water-pepper by Kersey, and is the translation BoefiKj, MS. Sw.Antlq. 134, f. 296.
of curage in Hollyband's Dictionarie, 1593. We spekke nojte mekille, hot whene we ere
Coles, in his Art of Simpling, says, " It is said artede for to speke, we say no5te bot the sothe. and
that :^ a handfull of arsmart be put under the onane we halde us stille. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f.SI.
 ART 89 ARV
ARTEEN. Eighteen. Exmoor. ARTILLERY. This word is often applied to all
ARTELRIES. Artillery. (A.-N.} kinds of missile weapons. See 1 Samuel,
I shal warnestore min hous with toures> swiche xx. 40.
£s han casteltes and other manere edifices, and ARTILLERY-GARDEN. A place near Bishops-
armure, and artelHes, by which thinges I may my gate, where people practised shooting, &c.
persons and rnyn hous so kepen and defendeu, that
min enemies shuln ben in drede min hous for to ap- See Middleton's Works, iv. 424, v. 28$,
ARTNOON. Afternoon. Essex.
proche. Tale of MehbeitSt p. 113.
ARTEMAGE. The art of magic. (A.-N.) ART-OF-MEMORY. An old game at cards, de-
And through the crafte of artemage, scribed inthe Compleat Gamester, ed. 1709,
Of wexe he forged an yrnage.
Gower, ed. 1532, f. 138. ARTOW.
p. 101. Art thou. North. This is a correct
ARTER. After. Var. dial
early form, the second personal pronoun being
ARTETYKES. A kind of gout or disease affect- frequently combined with the verb in interro-
ing the joints. Maundevile mentions, "gowtes,
gative sentences. See "Will, and the Werwolf,
artetykes," that afflicted Mm in his old age. pp. 46, 185 ; Lydgate's Minor Poems, p. 51.
See his Travels, p, 315. A prescription for it ARTRY, At p. 284 of the following work, men-
in hawks is given in the Book of St. Albans,
tion is made of " al myn armery and attnj
sig. C. i. It is probably connected with
arthritis. See Arcelik.
ARTHOFILAXE. The arctic circle. Also y •wol that my son Sir Harry have all the
residew of my warderobe and of myn arras nat be-
The whiche sercle and constellacioun hoole." and all myn armery and all my artry.
quethen,
I-called is the cercle arthojilaxe ,- Nichols? Royal Wills, p. 288.
Who knowith it nedith no more to axe.
ARTS -MAN. A man of art. This seems to be
MS, Dlgby 230.
ARTH-STAFF. A poker used by blacksmiths. the meaning in Love's Labours Lost, v. 1. The
old editions read arts-man pream&ulat,'which
had better remain without alteration.
ARTHUR. A game at sea, which will be found
ARTYLLED. Declared ; set out in articles. See
described in Grose's Class. Diet. Vulg. T. in v.
It is alluded to in the novel of Peregrine Hartshorne's Met. Tales, p. 250, where it may
Pickle, ch. 16. perhaps be an error for artykilled.
ARUDAND. Riding. See Gy of Warwike,
ARTHUR'S-CHACE. A kennel of black dogs,
followed by unknown huntsmen, which were p. 77, amend?
Ahothe half his hors hehing,
formerly believed to perform their nocturnal
gambols in France. See Grey's Notes on That ernne forth arvdand
Arthour"m and
thatMei-lirt,
thring. p. 222.
Shakespeare, i. 34. A knight com aruand [arnand ?] with gret reve,
ARTHUR'S-SHOW. An exhibition of archery Y-armed in armes alle. Ibid. p. 3JO.
alluded to in 2 Henry IV. iii. 2. It was con-
ducted bya society who had assumed the arms ARUEMORWE. Early in the morning. (A.-S.)
See Arthour and Merlin, p. 1 78, but the proper
and names of the Knights of the Round Table. form, I believe, is arnemorwe, q. v.
See Douce's Illustrations, i. 461. ARUM. An arm.
ARTICLE. Comprehension. Shakespeare men- And he haves on thoru his amm,
tions "a soul of great article" in Hamlet, v. 2. Therof is ful mikel harura. Havelok, 1982.
The vulgar sense is applied to a poor creature, ARUNDE. An errand.
or a wretched animal. This latter appears And thy moder, Mary, hevyn qwene,
rather slang than provincial, yet it is admitted Bere our anmde so bytwene,
into the East Anglian Vocabulary. That semely ys of syght. Emare, 8.
ARTICULATE. To exhibit in articles. See this ARUWE. An arrow.
use of the word in Coriolanus, i 9, where it Ac an aruwe oway he bare
In his eld wounde. Sir Tristram, p. 304.
means to enter into articles of agreement.
To end those things articulated here ARVAL. A'funeral. North. Arval-supper is
By our great lord, the mighty king of Spain, a funeral feast given to the friends of the de-
We with our council will deliberate. ceased, at which a particular kind of loaf,
Hawkins' Engl. Dram, ii. 48. called arval-bread, is sometimes distributed
ARTICULES. Any multiples of ten, a division
which was formerly considered necessary in among the poor. Arvel-bread is a coarse
cake, composed of flour, water, yeast, currants,
arithmetic, and was probably the result of the and some kind of spice ; in form round, about
abacal system, a gradual improvement of the eight inches in diameter, and the upper sur-
Boetian notation. SeeRara Mathematica,p. 30.
face always scored, perhaps exhibiting origi-
ARTIER. Artery. (jFK) See the Shakespeare nally the sign of the cross. Not many years
Society's Papers, i. 19. since one of these arvals was celebrated in a
May never spirit, vein, or artier, feed
The cursed substance of that cruel heart ! village in Yorkshire at a public-house, the sign
MarlouHfi Works, i. 150. of which was the family arms of a nobleman
ARTIFICIAL. Ingenious ; artful. whose motto is, Virtitspostfunera mvit. The
We, Hermia, like two artificial gods, undertaker, who, though a clerk, was no scho-
ttare with our needles created both one flower. lar, requested a gentleman present to explain
A Midi. Night'* Di-eam, iii. 2. to him the meaning of these Latin words,
 AEY 90 ASC
waacTi lie readily and facetiously did in the AR3ES. Is fearful. (A.-S.)
following manner: Virtus, a parish clerk, A ! Avec, quod the qwene, me MS.
arysAshmole
of myselfe.
44, f. 9.
vivitj lives well, postfunera, at an arval 1 See
Donee's Illustrations, ii. 203. AS. (1) That ; which. Var. dial In the Eastern
counties it is sometimes used for who, and it is
ARYYST-GOS. A stubble goose.
A yong wyf and an anyst-gos, frequently redundant, as " He will come as to-
Moche gagil with bothe :
A. man that [hath] ham yn his clos,
Reste schal he wrothe. Reliq. Antiq. ii. 113. morrow."
That hole* cherche as bound me to,
(2) Has. Grawnt me grace that fore to do.
ARWE. (1) An arrow. Cf. Hob. Glouc. p. 48. Audelay's Poems, p. 57,
That wel kepen that castel
From anue, shet, and quarel.
A-SAD. Sad ; sorrowful.
Selde wes he glad,
Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 63.
That never nes a-sad
Wepens of artues tegh of men sones, Of nythe ant of onde.
And thar tung sharpe swerde in wones. Wright's Pol. Songs, p. 212,
MS. Bodl. 425, f. 27- Y dude as hue me bad,
For some that jede yn the strete, Of me hue is a-sad. Reliq. Antiq. L 122.
Sawe arwys fro hevene shete. ASAILED. Sailed.
MS. Harl. 1701, f. 10. Jhon Veere, Erie of Oxenforde, that witlidrewe hym
(2) Timid; fearful. See Rob. Glouc. p. 457, frome Barnet felde, and rode into Scottlonde, and
frome thens into Praunce asailed, and ther ha was
" his hert arwe as an hare," erroneously ex- worsehipfully received.
plained swift. Mr. Way refers to an instance
in Richard Coer de Lion, 3821, but Weber WarJcworth's Chronicle, p. 26.
has arranged the line differently in his ASALY. Hii
To assault ; to besiege.
bygonne an holy Thores eve then toun asaly
there
Thou saist soth, hardy and hard,
And thou art as arwe coward J Stalwardlyche and vaste y-nou, noblemen as yt
were. Rod. Glouc. p. 394.
He is the furste in eche bataile ;
AS-ARMES. To arms! (A.-N.}
Thou art byhynde ay at the taile. As armea f thanne cride Rolond,
Kyng Alisaunder, 3340. As armes! everechon I MS. Ashmole 33, f. 38.
ARWEBLAST. A crossbow. We have already had As armea! feren, nede it is.
this word, in v. Al&lasf, and Arblast. For this Arthour and Merlin, p. 261.
form of it, see Mirrour for Magistrates, p. 2 1 7 ; ASAUGHT. An assault. WicJcliffe.
EHis's Metrical Rom. ii. 255 ; Richard Coer de Kyng Wyllam wende ajcn, tho al thys was y-do,
Lion, 2637, 3851, 3970, 4453,4481, 5867; And bygan sone to grony and to febly al so,
spelt arroivblaste, &c. Vor travayl of the foul asa^t, and vor he was feble er.
Rob. Glouc. p. SttO.
The galeye wente alsoo faste
As quarrel dos off the arweblast. ASBATE. A purchase. Skinner asserts that he
had only once met with this word ; he does not
Richard Coer de Lion, 2524.

ARWEI. This -word is translated by destoraunt, give a reference, and believes it to be a mis-
in an early Anglo-Norman gloss, printed in take for ashate, q. v. It is perhaps to be found
in some editions of Chaucer.
Reliq. Antiq. ii. 81.
ARWE-MEN. Bowmen. AS-BUIRD. Ashes board ; a box in which ashes
He calde bothe arioe-men and kene
are carried. North.
Knithes, and serganz swithe sleie.
ASCANCE. Obliquely.
Havelolc, 2115. At this question Rosader, turning his head ascance,
and bending his browes as if anger there had ploughed
ARYNE. Are. the furrowes of her wrath, with his eyes full of fire,
For alle the sorowe that we aryne inne, hee made this replie.
It es like dele for oure syne. Euphues Golden Legacie, ap. Collier, p. 15.
Sir Isumbras, MS, Lincoln, 114.
AS CAP ART. The name of a giant whom Bevis
ARYOLES. Soothsayers ; diviners. (Lat.) of Hampton conquered, according to the old
Aryoles, nygromancers, brought theyra to the
auctors of ther God Phoebus, and offred theym ther,
romance. His effigy may be seen on the city
and than they hadde answeres. Barthol. Angl.Trevisa, gates of Southampton. He is said to have beea
ARYSE. Arisen. thirty feet long, and to have carried Sir Bevis,
Ryght as he was argue,
his wife, and horse, under his arm. Allusions
Of his woundyn he was agrise.
to him occur in Shakespeare, Drayton, and
Kyrtg Alisaunder, 3748.
other Elizabethan writers.
ARYSTE. Arras. See the Unton Inventories, ASCAPE. To escape. Sometimes aschape. See
Kyng Alisaunder, 1120; Gy of Warwike, p.
p. 5, " iij. peeces of aryste"
ARYSY. SeeAvarysy. 230 I; hope
Piers thorw
Ploughman, pp. and
Codes helpe 40, thyne,
12'L
ARYVEN. Arrived. We schulle aecape al oure pyne.
Wyndes and weders hathe Mr dryveh, US. Addit. 10036, f. 10.
That in a forest she is aryven, Whenne the emperoure sawe him, he yaf to him
Where wylde bestys were. his dowter to wyfe, be-cause that he hade so wysely
Torrant uf Portugal, p. 114. ascapide the peril of the g^rdine.
G&to Romanorum, p. 108
 ASC
ASE
Ich trouue he wolle me for-sape ;
Hou troustu, Nelde, ich moue ascape 9 91 AS GILL. Vinegar.
Ascill and gall to his dynere
I made them for to dighte. Chester Plays, ii. 7&
I kan bi no coyntyse knowe nouj the best
How je mowe unhent or harmles aschape. ASCITE. To call ; to summon. See Wright's
Will, and the Werwolf, p. 61. Monastic Lett. p. 78 ; Halle's Expost. p. 14.
Hun answered that the infant had no propertie in
Than shulde they do ryjt penaunce the shet, wherupon the priest ascited him in the
For to askape thys myschauuce. spiritual courte. Halt, Henry FIJI. f. 50.
MS. Hart. 1701, f. 45.
ASCLANDERD. Slandered.
ASCAR. An asker ; a person who asks. But for his moder no schuld ascfandwd be,
After the wickydnes of the ascar schal be the
That hye with childe unwedded were.
wickidnes of the prophet ; and I schal streke out Joachim and Anne, p. 349
my hand on him, and do him a-wey fro the middis ASCON. To ask. Cf. Hob. Glouc. p. 89.
of mi peple. Apology for the Lollards, p , 69. Tundale he went upon a day
AS CAT. Broken like an egg. Somerset. To a -Tion, to ascon his pay
ASCAUNCE. This is interpreted aslant, side- For thre horsis that he had sold. Tundale, p. 3.
ways, in the glossaries, "but Tyrwhitt justly ASCRIBE. Across; astride. Somerset. Some-
doubts its application in all the following pas- times written asJcred and aslcrod.
sages. Ascaunt, however, occurs in the early AS CRY. To cry ; to report ; to proclaim. Hence,
quarto editions of Hamlet, iv. 7, where the to betray, as in Ywaine and Gawin, 584.
folio of 1623, reads aslant. See also Troilus
and Creseide, i. 292. It apparently means Hearne, gloss, to Peter Langtoft, p. 217, ex-
scarcely, as if to say, as if; and is perhaps plains it" to cry to," an interpretation adopted
in the Towneley Mysteries, p. 193. It means
sometimes an expletive. It seems, however, there to assail with a shout, as Mr. Dyce ob-
to mean aslant in Troilus and Creseide, i. 205 ; serves, notes to Skelton, p. 152. Palsgrave
La Belle Dame sans Mercy, 604. has it in the sense to descry, to discover.
And wrote alway the names, as he stood, Bot sonewhen he herd a&cry
Of alle folk that yave hem any good, That king Edward was nere tharby,
Askaunce that he wolde for hem preye. Than durst he noght cum nere.
Chaucer, Cant. T. 7327. Mwot's Poems, p. 14.
And every man that hath ought in his cofre, Writ how muche was his mysehief,
Let him appere, and wex a philosophre, Whan they aacryedon hym. as a thef.
Ascaunce that craft is so light to lere. Ibid. 16306. MS. Addit. 11307, f. 59.
Askauns she may nat to the lettres sey nay.
ASCRYVE. To ascribe ; to impute. Palsgrave.
Lydgate's Minor P*$m»t p. 35.
And soo the kynges astaunce came to sa Tristram ASE. (1) Ashes. North.
to comforte hyru as he laye seke in his bedde.
The kyng hathe a dowghttyr feyer ase fiowyr,
Marie d' Arthur, i. 268.
(2) Dyscenyr
As. wase her name. Torrent cf Portugal, p. 2.
ASCENDANT. A term in judicial astrology,
denoting that degree of the ecliptic which is ASELE. To seal. See Piers Ploughman, p. 511;
rising in the eastern part of the horizon at the Rob. Glouc. p. 510. The proclamation of the
Mayor of Norwich in 1424 directed " that aU ,
time of any person's birth, and supposed to brewsters and gannokers selle a gallon ale of
exercise great influence over his fortune. It
is now used metaphorically. the best, be measure a-selyd." See Prompt.
ASCENT. Agreement. Parv. p, 186. It seems there to have the mean-
The number was, be ryght ascent, ing of established, confirmed.
That othir the abbot off Seynt Albon,
Off hors-men an bun dry d thousent.
Richard Coer de Lion, 3921. That brought hym lettres speciele,
Aselyd with the barouns sele,
ASCH-CAKE. Bread baked under ashes. See
• That tolden hyra, hys brothir Jhon
MS. Bibl. Reg. 12 B. i, f. 32 ; and the Nomen- Wolde do corowne hym anon.
clator, 1585, p. 84. Richard Coer de Lion, 6472.
ASCHE. To ask. Cf. Rob. Glouc. p. 16. ASELY. To assoil, give absolution, which was
The kyng of Ysraelle that lady can asche,
usually done before a fight. Mr. Stevenson
Yf sche myght the see ovyr-passe.
MS. Cantab. Ff , ii. 38, f. 60. explains it, to receive the sacrament, in which
We do na synnes, ne we wllle hafe na mare thane case it may be only another form of hosely, q. v.
resone of kynde aaches, MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 32. The Normans no dude 1103! so, ac hii cryde on God
ASCHES. Ashes. vaste, y-lasie.
Who so coverethe the coles of that wode undir the And ssryve hem ech after other, the wule the nyjt
And amorwe hem lete asety wythmyldehertey-nou.
astchea there-offe, the coles wil duellen and abyden Rob. Glouc. p. 360
alle quyk a jere or more. ASEMBLEDEN. Assembled.
Maundevile's Ti-avels, p. 289.
And either ost as swithe fast ascried other,
ASCHONNE. To shun ; to avoid.
And asembleden swithe sternli either ost to-gader.
They myjte not aschonne the sorowe they had served. Will, and the W&rwolf, p. 137.
Deposition of Richard II. p. 14.
ASCIETH. Enquireth after; seeketh. ASEMYS. In the Prompt. Parv. p. 289, this
For he knoweth wel and wot wel that he doith y vel, is the synonyme of laatyne huly, indignor.
and therfore man ascieth and hunteth and sleeth hym, ASENE, Seen, See Chronicle of England, 44 ;
and jit for al that, be may not leve his yvel nature. Tundale's Visions, p. 51 ; Kyng Alisaunder,
MS. EodL 546.
847 ; Reliq. Antiq. i. 109.
 ASH - f2 ASI
ASERE. To become dry. See the Sevyn Sages, ASHERLAND. According to Kennett, MS,
606. Mr. Stevenson derives it from the verb Lansd. 1033, "assarts, or woodland grub'd
to sear.
ASERRE. Azure. and ploughed up."
ASH-HEAPS. A methodNorth.
of divination.
He bare aserre a grype of golde, Of ash-heapes, iu the which ye use
Rychely beton on the molde. Husbands and wives by streafees to chuse ;
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 69. Of crackling laurell, which fore-sounds
ASERYED. Deserved. A plentious harvest to your grounds.
HerricTc's Works, i. 176.
Lord, he seide, Jhesu Crist,
Ich thonky the wel faste A.SH1ED. Made white, as with wood ashes.
That ich it have aserved Old Winter, clad in high furres, showers of raine,
In atte the 5atis to wende. Appearing in his eyes, who still doth goe
MS. Coll. Ti-in. Oxon. 57. In a rug gowne» askied with flakes of snow.
And thou sorewe that thou aserved hast, Hwwood'3 Jtfawiage Triumphe, 1613.
And elles it were wouj. MS. Laud. 108, f. 2. ASHISH. Sideways. Somerset.
ASERVI. To serve. ASH-KEYS. The fruit of the ash. The failure
Hisheortehim jaf for to wende
In-to a prive stude and stille,
of a crop of ash-keys is said in some counties
Thare he mijte beo alone
to portend a death in the royal family. See
To aserui Godes wille. Forby, ii. 406.
MS. Laud. 108, f. 104, ASHLAR. Hewuorsquared stone, ready for build-
ASESSE. To cause to cease; to stop. ing. See Britton's Arch. Diet, in v. « Slophus,
Into Yngelond therrae wolde be, ascheler," MS. Bodl. 837, f. 134. Cf. Cotgrave,
And asesse the werre anon in v. Attendant, Bouttice. Grose gives the
Betwyxe hym andhys brother Jhon. word as peculiar to Cumberland, and signifying
Richard Coer de Lion, 6311.
ASETH. Satisfaction or amends for an injury. " a large free stone," and according to some,
it is or was common among builders to denote
See Prompt. Parv. p. 182; Gesta Romanorum, free-stones as they come from the quarry. Tlie
pp. 275, 460not; Wickliffe's New Test. p. 53. term is still in common use. In the inden-
We may be assay led of tho trespas,
Bot if we make aseth in that at we may.
ture for the construction of the dormitory at
MS. Karl. 1022, f. 68. Durhain, 1398, the mason engages that a cer-
Here byfore he myghte ethe tain wall shall be " exterius de puro lapide
SoneJiafe mad me asethe. vocato acJnler plane inscisso, interius vero de
MS. Lincoln A . i. 17, f. 132.
It was likyng to jow, Fadire, for to sende me into
fracto lapide vocato
Architectural rogkwatt."
Nomenclature, p. 25.See Willis's
this weilde that I sulde make as&the for mans tres- ASHORE. Aside, West. It is used in the same
pas that he did to us. Ibid. f. 179. sense as ajar, applied to a door. Weber is in
ASEWRE. Azure. doubt about its meaning in the following pas-
At the brygge ende stondyth a towre,
Peyntyd wyth golde and asetvre. sage, but the word is common iu the West of
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 105. England, although it does not appear to have
ASEWRYD. Assured ; promised. found a place in the glossaries.
But y take more then y was asewryd, Ever after the dogges wer so starke,
Y may not have where no5te ys levyd-
Thei stode aschore when thei schuM barke.
Reliq. Antiq. i. 28. Hvhttyng <•/ Me Hare, 257,
ASEYNT. Lost. (A.-S.) ASH-PAN. A metal pan fitted to the under part
Al here atyl and tresour was al-so aseynt. of the grate, into which the ashes fall from the
Rob. Glouc. p. 51, fire. Line.
AS -FAST. Anon,- immediately. Cf. Prompt. ASH-TRUG. A coal-scuttle. North.
Parv. p. 15 ; Troilus and Creseide, v. 1640. ASHUNCHE. To repent ?
AS GAL. A newt. Salop. Mid shupping ne mey hit me ashwiche,
Nes y never wycche ne wyle ;
ASH. (1) Stubble. South. Walter de Bibbles- Ych am a maidc, that me of-thunche,
worth, MS. Arund. 220, f. 301, has " le tressel, Luef me were gome boute gyle.
aschc of corn." Wright** Lyric Poetry, p 38.
(2) To ask. Lane. See AscJie. ASH-WEDNESDAY. The first day of Lent, so
ASHATE. SwAslate. It is so written in Urr/s
called from the ancient ceremony of the placing
Chaucer, p. 5, where Tyrwbitt's edition reads
achate. of ashes on the heads of persons on that day
ASH-BIN. A receptacle for ashes and other dirt. by the priest, who said, " Remember, man,
Line. that thou art ashes, and unto ashes thou &halt
ASH-CANDLES. The seed vessels of the ash return." This ceremony was abolished early
tree. Dorset. in the reign of Edward VI. See Becon's
ASHELT. Likely; probably; perhaps. North. Works, p. 110.
ASHEN. Ashes. North. ASIDEN. On one side ; oblique ; aslant. West.
Therwith the fire of jalousie tip sterte Rider has asidenam in his JDictionarie, 1640,
Within his brest, and hent him by the herte iu the same sense.
So woodly, that he like was to behold ASILE. An asylum.
The box-tree, or the ashen ded and cold. Fly unto prayer as unto an holy anchor, or sure
Chaucer* Cant. T. 1304. asile, and strong bulwark. Becon't Wwltt, p. 12*
 ASK ASL
ASIN. Made of ashen wood. Bot thow can asJtctvse the,
I wil do that I may, and wil rather drinke in an 93 Thow schalt abey, y till the.
Irere and the Boy, st, xxxv,
asin cup than you or yours shude not be soecerd both
by sea and land, Ai'chaologiat xiii. 203. ASKRYE. And Awretchydly
shriek ; a shout.
ASINGS. Easings. Salop.
A-SIT. To sit against; i. e., to receive the blow Hath made askrye* ISkelton's Poems, ii. 53.
without being unhorsed. ASKY. (1) Dry; parcted. Generally applied
A-left he smot and a-right, to land, but sometimes used for husky. North.
Non his dent a-sit might. Arthour and, Merlin, p. 301.
No man ne myghte with strengthe asyite (2) To Roland
ask. of hure gan asJcy than
Hys swordes draught. Octovian, 1665. Of wat kynde was comen that ilke man.
ASIW. To follow. MS. Ashmolc33,f. 45.
Aiisaundre wente agejn, To <M&i that never no wes,
Quyk asiweth him al his men. It is a fole askeing, Sir Trtotrem, p. 209.
Kyng Atisaundw, 2494. ASLAKE. To slacken ; to abate. (^.-£) See
ASK. (1). A water newt. North. Floriohas Chaucer, Cant. T. 1762, 3553; Lydgate's
the word, in v. Magrdsio. Jt is sometimes Minor Poems, p. 231 ; Ancient Poetical Tracts,
•written askard, and askeL See Asker. p. 18; Seven Penitential Psalms, p. 11; Brit,
Bibl. iv. 105.
(2) To require. Fourti days respite thou gif me,
Ho so hit ternpreth by power,
So hit askith in suche maner. Til that mi sorwe a&lafad be.
KyngAlisaundert 6219.
Gy of Warwike, p. 213.
ASKEFISE, This word is translated by cinifto ASLASH. Aslant; crosswise. Line.
in the Prompt. Parv. p. 15. Ihre, in Y. Aska, ASLAT. Cracked like an earthen vessel Devon.
A-SLAWE. Slain. Cf. Rob. Glouc. p. 170.
says, "qui cineribus oppedit." See further Nay, quath on, the devel him drawe,
instances collected by Mr. Way, in loc. cit.
ASKEN. Ashes. For he hath my lord a-slawe.
MS. AsTvnoU 33, f . SO.
Hwan the dom was demd and seyd,
Sket was the swike on the asse leyd, ASLEN. Aslope. Somerset.-
And [led] him til that like grene, ASLEPED. Asleep.
And brend til asTcen al bidene. HaveloJe, 2841. That other woodnesse isclepedwoodrjessestepynge
ASKEtt. (1) A scab. for thei lye alwey, and maketh semblaunt as 5if thei
Rub it till it bleede ; then take and bind it thereto were asleped, and so thei dyeth withoute mete.
JttS. BoiiZ. 546.
for three dales, in which space you shall see a white
asker on the sore ; then take that off, and annoint it ASLET. Oblique. Prompt. Parv.
with oyle of roses or fresh butter untill it be ASLEW. Oblique. East Sussex.
throughly cured. Topsell's Four-footed Beasts, p 402.
ASLIDE. To slide away; to escape.
Let soche folie out of your herte aslide.
(2) A land or water newt. Var. dial. Kennett, Chaucer, ed, Urry, p. 110,
MS. Lansd. 1033, gives this form as a A-SLOW. Slain.
Staffordshire word. Thar men rayjt see anou
ASKES. Ashes. (4.-£) See Reliq. Antiq. i. 53 ; Many a dowjty man a-slon.
MS. Bib. Reg. 17 C. xvii. f. 48; Ashmole's MS. Douce 236, f. 12.
Theat. Chem, Brit. p. 129; Prompt. Parv. ASLOPE. Sloping. In the Chester Plays, i. 125,
pp. 21, 252, 266 ; Gesta Romanorum, p. 456; is the phrase, " the devil! of the sqpe." The
Piers Ploughman, p. 49. Bodl. MS. 175, reads aslope.
Thynk, man, lie says, askes ertow now, For trust that thei have set in hope,
And into askes agayu turn saltow. Whiche feii hem aftirward aslope.
MS. Cott. Galba E. ix. f. 75. Rom, of the Rose, 4464.
Thenkj mon, he seith, asku* art thou now, This place is supposed to lie in the confines of
And into askus turne schalt thou. Shropshire aloft upon the top of an high hill there,
MS. Ashmole 41, f. 5. environed with a triple rampire and ditch of great
A&Tces y etc instede of breed, depth, having three entries into it, not directlie one
My drynke ys water that y wepe. against another, but aslope.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 2. Holinshed, Hist, of England, p. 38.
ASKEW. Awry. Var. dial See Baret's Alvearie, ASLOPEN. Asleep. This is probably for the
1580, in v. sake of the rhyme.
ASKILE. Aside. Call to our maids ; good right ; we are all aslopen*
Middleton, i. 25?.
What the' the scornful waiter looks aslcite,
And pouts and frowns, and curseth thee the while. A-SLOUGH. Slew ; Mlled.
Hall's Satires, v. 2. Gif ich thi sone owhar a-slougli,
Campanus prayd hym stand stille, It was me defendant anotigh.
While he askyd hym askyle. IpomyAcn, 2054. Gy of WavtoiTcet p. 250.
ASKINGS. The publication of marriage by That hadde y-chaced Rlchardone,
banns. YorJcsh. Wan he a-slow tyng Clary one.
MS. Athvnole 33, f. 50.
A-SKOF. In scoff; deridingly.
Alisauadre lokid a-skoft ASLOVTE. Aslant; obliquely. Prompt. Pare.
As he no gef nought therof. Mr. Way, p. 6, -wrongly prints asknte, but our
Kyngdlisaunder, 874 reading is confirmed by another entry at p. 15,
A.SKO\VSB. To excuse. Cf. Cov. Myst. p. 2. aslowte.
 ASP ASP
94
Prompt. Parv. p. 15 ; Florio, in v. Brio$ and
ASLOWEN. Slew.
And nolden bi-taken him no fruy t, the curious enumeration of trees in Chaucer,
Ake aslotoen him at the laste. Cant. T. 2923.
MS. Laud. 108, f. 3. ASPARE. To spare. (A.-N.)
ASLUPPE. To slip away. (A.-S.) And seyen he was a nygard
Betere is taken a comeliche y-elothe, That no good myghte aspare
In arrnes to cusse ant to cluppe, To frend ne to fremmed,
Then a wrecche y-wedded so wrothe, The fend have his soule !
Thah he me slowe, ne myhti him asluppe. Piers Ploughmant p. 303.
Wright's Lyric Poetry, p. 38. ASPAUD. Astride. North.
ASLY. Willingly. North. Ray lias it in his ASPECCIOUN. Sight.
english Words, 1674, p, 3. See also Kennett's The bryjte sonne in herte he gan to colde,
Glossary, MS. Lansd. 1033, f. 23. It is Inly astonied in his aspeccioun.
sometimes spelt astley. Lydgate, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 2.
ASMAN. An ass-driver. ASPECHE. A serpent. See Cooperi Thesaurus,
And ye most yeve yowre asman curtesy a grot, in v. lynx.
other a grosset of Venyse. MS. Bodl. 565.
ASMATRYK. Arithmetic. ASPECT. This word was almost invariably ac-
Of calculation and negremauncye, cented on the last syllable in the time of
Also of augrym and of asmatryk. Shakespeare. See Farmer's Essay, ed. 1821,
Coventry Mysteries, p. 189.
ASMELLE. To smell. ASPECTE. Expectation.
The bor hem gan ful sone asmelle / p. The
34. 10. of Jun I was discharged from bands at the
Ech he het therof his felle. Sevyn Sages, 891. assizes, contrary to the aspects of all men.
MS. Athmole 206,
ASOCIED. Associated. See Account of the
ASPECYALL. Especial.
Grocers' Company, p. 321.
Ofte suche have ben asocied and felawschipped to Yff ye love a damsell vn aspecyatt,
arraus, the whiche hir owne lordes ne luste nojt to And thynke on here to do costage ;
have in servise. Vegecius, MS. Douce 291, f. 11 . When sche seyth galantys revell yn hall,
AS OFTE. To soften. Yn here hert she thynkys owtrage.
Reliq. Antiq. i. 29.
That with here beemes, -when she is alofte,
May all the troubill asuaye and asofte, Soo that they may too thy mercy ateyne,
Of worldely wawes within this mortall see. At thys perlament most in assepecialle.
MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 42.
Lydgate, MS. Ashmole 39, f. 3,
ASONDRI. Asunder; separated. (A.-S.) ASPEN-LEAF. Metaphorically, the tongue.
Ther was ferly sorwe and sijt, For if they myghte be suffred to begin ones in the
When thai schuld asondri fare, congregacion to fal in disputing, those aspen-leaves
Legend of Pope Gregory, p. 2. of theirs would never leave waggyng.
Asondry were thei nevere, Sir T. More's WorKett p. 769.
Na moore than myn hand may ASPER. A kind of Turkish coin. Skinner.
Meve withoute my fyngres.
Piers Ploughman, p. 358.
ASPERAUNCE. Hope. (A.-N.)
Forthirir Asperaunce, and many one.
ASONKEN. Sunk. Courts of Love, 1033.
Heom self asonTcen in ther-mit.
ASPERAUNT.
W. Mapes, 4pp. p. 345.
Bold. (A.-N.)
ASOON. At even. North. Hy bennatheles faire and wighth,
And gode, and engyneful to fighth,
ASOSHE. Awry ; aslant. East Palsgrave says, And have horses avenaunt,
" as one weareth his bonnet." Sometimes spelt To hem stalworthe and asperaunt.
ashoshe. SeeAswash. Ky»g Alisaunder, 4871.
A-SOUND. In a swoon. ASPERE. A kind of hawk.
They hang'd their heads, they drooped down, There 3s a questyon axed whether a man shall call
A word they could not speak : a spare hawk or a spere hawke, or an aspere hawke.
Robin said, Because I fell a-sound, The Book of St. Albany, ed. 1810, sig. C. in.
I think ye'll do the like. Ro&in Hood, i. 112. ASPERLICHE. Roughly.
ASOURE. " Gumme of asoure" is mentioned in Strong knight he was hardi and snel,
a medical receipt printed in Reliq. Antiq. Ther he defended him asperliche.
i. 53. Gy of WarwiTce, p. 84.
ASOYLINGE. Absolution.
ASPERLY. Roughly. See Skelton's Works,
And to sywi this mansinge, and the asoylinge al so, i. 205 ; Boucher, in v. Asprely.
We assigneth the bissop of Winchestre ther-to, And Alexander with his ost him asperty folovre&.
Rob. Glow. p. 502. MS. Afhmole 44, f. 40.
ASOYNEDE. Excused. So Hearne explains it. ASPERNE. To spurn.
See the passage in Rob. Glouc. p. 539, and It was prudente pollecie not to asperne and dis-
Assoine. It is translated by refutatus in deyne the lytle small powre and weakenes of the
Prompt. Parv. and made synonymous with ennemye. Hall, Richard III. f. 28.
refused. ASPERSION. A sprinkling. This original sense
ASP. A kind of poplar. The word is still in use of the word is not now in use. See the Tempest,
in Herefordshire. " The popler or aspe tree, iv. 1 ; TopselPs Four-Footed Beasts, p. 8.
Florio writes it asperging, in v.
populus/'— Yocabula Stanbrigii, 1615. See
 ASP ASS
95 A-SQUARE. At a distance.
ASPET. Sight ; aspect.
In thyn aspet ben alle lichc, Yf he hym myght fynd, he nothyng wold hym spare ;
The povere men and eek the riche ! That herd the Pardoner weie, and held hym bettir
Cower, MS. Soe. Antiq. 134, f.58. a-square. Urrtfs Chaucer, p. 599.
ASPHOD1L. A daffodil. Florio gives it as the The Pardoner myght nat ne hym nether touch,
translation oiheroino. But held hym a-square by that othir side. Ibid.
ASPIDIS. A serpent; an aspis. The correct ASQUINT. Awry. It is translated by obliquus
Latin word is given in the argument. in Baret's Alvearie, 1580, inv. Carr says
A serpent, whiche that aspidis asquin is still used in the same sense in Craven.
Is clepid, of his kynde hath this. See Armin's Nest of Ninnies, p. 11; Brit.
Gower, MS. Soc.dntiq. 134, f.41.
Bibl. ii. 334 ; Florio, in v. Cipiglidre; Cotgrave,
ASPIE. (1) To espie. (A.-N.) See Chaucer, in v. Oeil
Cant. T. 13521 ; Gesta Romanorum, p. 201 ; The world still looks asquint, and I deride
Piers Ploughman, p. 350. His purblind judgment : Grissil is my bride.
The pepyl so fast to hym doth falle, Patient Grissel, p, 15.
Be prevy menys, as we aspye; ASS. (1) To ask ; to command. North.
jyf he precede, son sen je xalle He said he had more sorow than sho,
That oure lawys he wyl dystrye. And assed wat was best to do.
Coventry Mysteries, p. 249.
(2) A spy. See the House of Fame, ii. 196. Thou speke to hym wythe wordes heynde,
Pilate sent oute his aspies, So that he let my people pas
Sikirliche bi fele sties. MS. Addit. 10036, f. 22. To wyldernes, that thay may weynde
I -schal sette enemytees bitwixe thee and the To worshyp me as I wylle asse.
womman, and bitwixe thi seed and Mr seed ; she Towneley Mysteries, p. 58.
shal breke thin hed, and thou schalt sette aspies to
hir heele. Wickliffe, MS. Bodl. 277. (2) Cooper, in his Dictionaire, in v. Asinus, says,
ASPILL. A rude or silly clown. Yorlcsh. " The asse waggeth his eares, a proverbe ap-
plied to theim, whiche, although they lacke
ASPIOUR. A spy ; a scout.
Also that thei mowe the blether loke, and the betir learnynge, yet will they babble and make a
wil goo and come when they ben send in office of countenaunce, as if they knewe somewhat."
aspiours'by boldnesse of hir swiftnesse. (3) Ashes. North.
Vegecius, MS. Douce 291, f. 12. 36 honowre jour sepultonrs curyousely with golde
ASPIRATION. An aspirate. See this form of andsylver, and in vesselle made of precyout>e stanes
the word in the French Alphabet, 1615, p. 22. je putt the asss of jour bodys whenne thay ere
brynned. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 34.
ASPIREMENT. Breathing.
Ayre is the thridde of elementis, AS SACK. An old custom among the Welsh, ac-
Of whos kynde his aspirementis cording toCowell, whereby a person accused
Taketh every livis creature. of a crime was enabled to clear himself upon
Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 194. the oaths of three hundred men. See his
ASPORTATION. A carrying away. Rider. Interpreter, 1658.
Blackstone uses the word. See Richardson, ASSAIES. « At all assaies," i. e. at all points,
inv. in every way, at all hours. Horio has,
ASPOSSCHALL. Aspostolical. " Apidstra armdto, armed at all assaies" i. e.
Ys not thys a wondurs case,
Thatt this yonge chylde soche knolege hase ? at all points, or " a tous poynts,? as Palsgrave
Now surely he hath asposschall grace. has it, f. 438. See Skelton's Works, i.
Presentation in the Temple, p. 84. 239, 300.
And was avauncyd ther, so that he
ASPRE. Rough; sharp. (A.-N.} Rider gives Worshtpfully levyd there all his daies,
asperate in the same sense. See the Halle of And kept a good howsehold at all atsaie*.
MS. Laud. 41G, f. 42.
John Halle, i. 530 ; Chaucer's Boethius, p. 366. Shorten thou these wicked dales;
And in her aspre plainte thus she seide.
Ti-oilusand Creseide, iv. 827. Thinke on thine oath at all assaies.
ASPREAD. Spread out. West. See Jennings' Drayton's Hnrmnnie of the Church, 1591.
Dialects, p. 156. ASSAILE. An attack. Malory uses this word
ASPRENESSE. Roughness. as a substantive in his Morte d' Arthur, ii. 334.
Of whyche soules, quod she, I trowe that some ben AS SALVE. To salve ; to allay.
tourmented by asprenesse of paine, and some soules Thus I procure my wo, alas !
I trowe ben exercysedby a purgynge mekenesse, but In framing him his joy,
my counsaile nys nat to determine of this paine. I seeke for to assatve my sore,
Chaucer, ed. Urry, p. 390. I breede my cheefe annoy.
ASPRONGUN. Sprung. Galfrido and Bernardo, 1570.
This kenred is aspyongun late. AS S ART. According to Cowell, assart lands are
Digby Mysteries, p. 118. parts of forests cleared of wood, and put into
ASPYEE. Espial. a state of cultivation, for which rents were paid
But alle the sley5te of his tresone, under the name of assart rents. It is also a
Horestis wiste it by aspyee.
Gower, MS* Soc* Antiq. 134, f. 98. verb. " Assart," says Blount, " is taken for
an offence committed in the forest by plucking
A5PYRE. To inspire. See a passage from Sir
up those woods by the roots that are thickets
T. More's Workes, p. 927, quoted by Stevenson, or coverts of the forest, and by making them
in his additions to Boucher.
 ASS ASS
96
plain as ofarable land." See also Scatcherd's (7) Trial ; hence, experience.
Shorte wytted men and lyttell of zssaye, saye that
History Morley, p. 166.
ASSASSINATE. Assassination. Paradyse is longe sayllynge out of the erthe that men
What hast thou done, dwelle inne, and also departeth frome the erthe, and
To make this barbarous base assassinate is as hyghe as the mone.
Notes to Morte a''Arthur, p. 472.
Upon the person of a prince ?
ASSAYER. A taster in palaces, and the houses
Daniel's Civil Wars, iii. 78.
ASSATION. Roasting. (Lat.) of barons, to guard against poisoning.
Thyn assayar schalle be an hownde,
ASSAULT. The expression "to go assault" is To assaye thy mete HIS. before the. Ff. ii. 38, f. 241.
catulio in Rider's Cantab.
translated by the Latin word phrase occurs in
Dictionarie, 1640. The
ASSAYING. A musical term. Grassineau ex-
Cooper and Higins, and is still in use.
And whanne the fixene be asmut arid goith yn hure plains it," a flourishing before one begins to
lovei and sehe secheth the dogge fox, she cryeth with play, to try if the instruments be in tune ; or,
an hoos voys, as a wood hound doith. to run divisions to lead one into the piece be-
MS. Budl. 546. fore us." See his Musical Dictionary, p. 6.
ASSAUT. An assault. (A.-N.) It is still used ASSAYNE. A term in hare hunting. See the
in Shropshire both as a noun and a verb. Cf. Book of St. Albans, sig. D. iv.
Richard Goer de Lion, 1900. ASSBUURD. A box for ashes. North.
And by assaut he wan the citee after, ASSCHELER. Some kind of weapon ?
And rent adoun bothe wall and sparre, and rafter. That kyllede of the Cristen, god kepten the wallec
Chaucer, Cant. T. 991. With arowes, and arblaste, and asschelers manye.
AS SAUTABLE. Capable of being taken. MS. Cott. CaUg. A. ii. f. 117
The Enghshe gunners shot so well, that the Walles ASSCHEN. Ashes.
of the toune were beaten doune and rased with the As blan as asschen hy lay op-rijt,
ordinaunce, insomuche that by ix. of the clocke the The Crois to-fore hire stod.
toune was made assailable. Hall, Henry V11I. f. 118. MS. Coll. Ti-in. Oxon. 53
ASSAVE. To save. ASSCHREINT. Deceived. (A.-S.)
Ho so wole is soule sauvi, A ! dame, he saide, ich was asschrcint t
He as mot allinge for-leose, Ich wende thou haddest ben adreint.
And ho so leost is soule, he assavez, Sevyn Sages, 1483
Nou may ech man cheose. MS. Laud. 108, f. 1. ASSCHYS. Ashes. See Askes.
ASSAY. (1) Essay; trial. Assuhys I eete in-stede of brede.
After asay, then may 56 wette ; My drynk is watyr that I wepe.
Why blame 56 me withoute offence ? Blast's Penitential Psalms, p. 32
Ritson's Ancient Songs, p. 103.
ASSE. (1) At asse, i. e. prepared?
(2) To try ; to prove ; to taste. It seems to be, And fond our men alle at asse,
essayed, tried, proved, in the following passage : That the Paieus no might passe.
Arthow and Jlfertin, p. 278
Thow semyst a stalward and a stronge,
Asay schall thow be. Robin Rood, i. 90.
(2) Hath. MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6.
ASSEASE. To cease. Rider.
(3) A tasting of 'dishes at the tables of high per-
sonages previously to the repast. S ee Assay er, ASSECURE. To make certain of; to make safe
and Mono, in v. Credenza. And so hath Henrie assecur*d that side,
Kyng Rychard sate downe to dyner, and was served And therewithall his state of Gasconie.
without curtesie or assays ; he muche mervaylyng at Daniel's Ciril Wars, iv. 9
the sodayiie mutacion of the thyng, demaunded of ASSE-EARE. The herb comfrey. See a list ol
the esquier why he dyd not his duety. plants in the Nomenclator, 1585, p. 137.
Hall, Henryir.f.U AS SEER, To assure. Yorfah.
(4) In hunting, to take the assay, is to draw the ASSEGE. A siege. (A.-N.) See Chance*,
knife along the belly of the deer, beginning at Cant. T. 10620 ; Troilus and Creseide, i. 465.
the brisket, to discover how fat he is. Accord- It is used as a verb in Holinshed, Hist, Engl.
ing to Gifford, this was a mere ceremony : the
p. 44, as a subst, in Hist. Irel. p. 51.
knife was put into the hands of the " best The sunne by that was nej adoun,
person" in the field, and drawn lightly down The assege thanne thay y-lafte.
the belly, that the chief huntsman might be JLf£ Aiihmole 33, f. 44.
entitled to his fee. See Ben Jonson's Works, That host he lefte ate Pavyllouns,
vi. 270. The assege to kepe thare. Ibid. f. 47-
At th' assay kytte hym, that lordes maye se
Anone fatte or lene whether that he be. ASSELE. To seal. (A.-N.) See Gesta Romano-
Book of St. Albans, ed. 1810, sig. E. i.
rum, Withinne
pp. 64, 65,
and 134 ; Bokeloken
withoute of so,
Curtasye, p. 23.
(5) In the following passage it appears to be used The lokes asseJed with seles two.
in a peculiar sense, the attempt, the moment Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 105
of doing it. ASSEMBLAUNCE. Resemblance. SMnner.
And ryght as he was at assays ASSEMBLEABLE. Likeness.
Hys lykyng vanyscht all awaye.
Every thinge that herithe lyfe desyreth to he con-
Ls Bone Florence of Rome, 1500.
joynyd to his awembleable ; and every man shall W
(6) Philpot translates contmtus ea doctrina in assoeyate to his owne symylitude.
Curio, by " assayed with thilk doctrine." See Dial, of Creatures Moralised, p. 98
his Works, p. 376. ASSEMBLEMENT. A gathering.
 ASS ASS
Whome Oswold mette with greate assemblement ASSETTETII. Assailed. (A.-N.)
In battaile strong at Hevenfeld, as God would. And yf that they be erroure thus contrevul,
H<IJ dyng's Chronicle, f. 90. Araysean oost with strengthcand usassetteth.
ASSEMYLET. Assembled. Soetitts, MS. Soc. 4nt\q. 134, f. 286.
Prayng and desyrmg ther the comownes of Ing- ASSHE. To ask.
lond, be vertu of thys present parlement assemylet> Ryse up, he sayde, and the way asahe
to comyne the seyd mater, and to gyff therto her To Wyltoue and to that Abbas
Chron. Wultrud.
Vilndun. p. 77-
assent. MS. Rot. Harl. C. 7»
ASSENE. Asses. ASSHEARD. A keeper of asses. Rider.
3if on of ouwer assene in a put fulle to day, ASSHOLE. A receptacle for ashes. North.
Nold je noujt drawe hire op for the feste ? ASSIDUALLY. Constantly.
SIS. Laud. 108, f. 2. Gentle sir, though I am assidually used to com-
^SSENEL. Arsenic. Prompt. Para. plaints, yet were my heart contracted into tongue.
The Cyprian ^cademie, 1647, ii. 46.
ASSENT. (1) Consenting; agreeing.
But assent with hert and hool credence, ASSIDUATE. Constant; continual. See Fa-
Having therof noon ambiguyte. byan, as quoted by Boucher and Richardson.
Lydgate, MS. AshmoleBQ, f. 172. ASSIDUE. This word, according to Mr. Hunter,
Medea, whan sche was assente, is in common use in Yorkshire to describe a
Come sone to that parlement. species of yellow tinsel much used by the
Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 150. mummers at Christmas, and by the rustics who
(2) Consent; agreement. accompany the plough or ploughman in its
When ray fadur and y be at assente,
Y wylle not fayle the be the rode.
rounds through the parish, as part of their fan-
MS. Cantab. Ff. il. 38, f. 64.
tastical decoration. It is used in the cutlery
manufacture of Hallamshire.
The wyfes of ful highe prudence
Have of assent made ther avow. ASSIL-TOOTH. A grinder, situated near the
axis of the jaw. North
Lyd gate's Minor Poems, p. 134. ASS1L-TREE. An axle-tree. North.
(3) Sent. (.^.-S.) See Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. ASSIMULED. Assimilated.
134, f. 52, assente, where some copies Lave No prince in our tyme maie to your hyghnes be
as&nte. Perhaps we should read as sente, i. e. either compared or assimuled. Hall, Henry 1 V. f. 27.
has sent.
ASSENTATION. Flattery. (Zatf.) ASSINDE. Assigned. See Collier's Hist. Dram.
Poet. i. 32.
Yet hee, making relation to other his frendes O heavenly gyft, that rules the mynd,
what I had done, left mee not quiet till theylikewyse Even as the sterne dothe rule the shippe !
had seene them, whose perswasion, as it seemed with- O musicke, whom the Gods amnde
out any suspition of assentation or flattery, so hath it To coraforte manne, whom cares -would nippe !
made mee bolder at this present then before. Percy's Reliquea, p. 50.
Mirourfor Magistrates, p. 9. ASSINEGO. A Portuguese word, meaning a
ASSENTATOR. A flatterer. Elyot. young ass. Hence applied to a silly fellow, a
ASSENTIATH. Assent; consent. fool. Shakespeare has the word in Troilus and
Therfor yf* je assentiafh to,
Cressida, ii. 1, and it is not unfrequently
At al perils wil y go. MS. Ashmole 33, f, 46. found in the Elizabethan writers as a term of
ASSENTION. Consent. reproach. Ben Jonson, in his Expostulation
Shew me thy waste ; then let me there withall, with Inigo Jones, makes a severe pun on his
By the as&ention. of thy lawn, see all. name, telling him he was an oss-inigo to judge
HerricTc's Works, i. 216.
ASSENYCKE. Arsenic. Palsgrave is the au- ASS1SE. hy his ears.
thority for this form of the word. (1) Place; situation. (A.-N.)
There ne was not a point truely,
ASSEORE. An usher. " Sir William Martelle, That it has in his right assists.
Rom. of the Rose, 1237*
the Kynges asseore" is mentioned in the He- Fare now forth to thibath that faire is kevered,
ralds' College MS. of Robert of Gloucester, For it is geinli greithed Will,
in a and
god the
asise.
quoted in -Heame'.s edition, p. 462. Werwolf, p. 160.
ASSEPERSELIE. The chervil. It is the trans-
lation of dcutaria in the Nomenclator, 1585, (2) The " long asise" in the first of the follow-
ing passages is conjectured by Sir \V. Scott,
p. 131. Cf. Cotgrave, in v. Cicutaire. to be a term of chess now disused. Tristrem
ASSES-BRIDGE. A familiar name for prop. 5, is playing at chess, and he played so long a
b. i. of Euclid, on account of its difficulty. time " the long asise," that he won six hawks,
ASSES-FOOT. The herb coltsfoot. Florio gives and 100J. This, I apprehend, is the correct
it as the translation of Camek'uca. meaning. In the second instance the same
ASSETH. Sufficiently; enough. (A.-N.y See phrase is applied to a measure of length, in-
Piers Ploughman, p. 362, " if it suffise noght stead ofa measure of time. See also Rom. of
for assetz" where some editions read asseth. the Rose, 1392. Skinner makes it synonymout
It is connected with the term assets, still in with size.
use. Skinner translates it assensw. Now bothe her wedde lys,
Nevir shall make his richesse And play thai bi-ginne;
Asseth unto his gredinesse. Y-gett he bath the long1 asiset
Rom. of the Rose, 6600, And endred foeth tber inne. Sir Tristrem ,?» IJSt.
7
 ASS ASS
He felle d^pe or he myght ryse, 08 haps we may read assail. I mention it as a
Thretty fote of tonga assyse. mere conjecture,
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. i
ASSOILE.
to Junius, (1)in v.ToPuttenham
absolve. See has Lye's
it as aadditions
substan*
"We have another instance of the word in the
same sense in the romance of Sir Tryamour
in the MS. in the Cambridge Public Library. ti-ve, meaning confession. See Nares, in y,
After this hero has cut off the legs of the giant Assoile
And ;soLangtoft's Chronicle, p. 209.
to ben assoilled,
Burlond, he tells him that they are both '* at Andsiththen ben houseled.
Piers PtouffJiman, p. 413.
oon assyse," i. e, of the same length. God bring thaire saules untill hisblis,
A lytulle lower, syr, seyde hee,
And let us smalle go wyth thee ; And God a&soyl thara of thaire sin,
Now are we bothe at oon assyse I For the gude will that thai Minofs
war in. PoemSt p. 12.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 81
(3) Assizes. Hence, judgment. (2) To solve ; to answer. (A.-N.}
The kyng he sende word ajeyn, that he hadde ys Caym, come fforthe and answere me,
franchise Asoyle my qwestyon anon-ryght.
Coven try Mysteries, p, 38.
In ys owne court, for to loke domes and asise.
Rob. GIouc. p. 53 ASSOINE. Excuse ; delay. (^-M) See Hit-
jow to teehe God hath me sent, son's Ancient Songs, p. 21 ; Kyn^ Alisaunder,
His lawys of lyrT that arn fill vryse ; 1021. Also a verb, as in our first example.
Them to lern be dyligent, The scholde no weder me assolne.
Flor. and Blanch. 67.
joure soulys may thei save at the last a&yse.
Coventi-y Mysteries^ p. 60. Therfore hit hijte Babiloyne,
(4) Commodities. That shend thing is withouten aysoi/ne.
Whan ther comes marchaundise, Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 15
With corn, wyn, and steil, othir other wise,
To heore lond any schip, ASSOMON. To summon. See Morte d' Arthur
i. 228, 275, 278 ; ii. 406; Brit. Bibl. i. 67.
To house they woBith anon skyppe. That is wel said, quod Philobone, indede,
Kyng Alisaunder, 7074. But were ye not assomoned to appere
Regulatio
(5)vian, n; establishe d custom. SeeOcto- By Mercurius, for that is al my
Courtdrede ?
of Love, 370.
81, where, however, Weber interprets it,
" situation, rank-." (A.-N.} ASSORTS. An assembly. (A.-N.) " By one
Sire, he said, bi God in heven, assorte" in one company.
Thiseboilouns that boilen seven, I wole you tech a newe play ;
Bitoknen thine seven wise, Sitte down here by one assorts,
That han i-wjrowt ayen t'he assise.
Sevyn Sages, 2490.
And better myrthe never MS,
ye saye.
Douce 175, p. 40.

(6"1 To settle-, to confirm; to choose. See ASSOTE. To dote on. (A.-N-) This word is a
Chaucer, ed. Urry, p,. 541, In our second ex- favourite with Gower. See Morte d' Arthur,
i. 90, ii. 65, 161 j Cot grave, in v. Bon; Florio;
Two cardinalis he hath asrined, in v. Iwpazs&re; Chaucer, ed. Unyt p. 428.
With other lordis many moo, This wyfe, whiche in her lustes grene,
That with his doujter schuldcn goo. Was fayre and fres&he and tender of age,
Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f, 65. She may not let the courage
The whiche upon his hede assysed Of hym, that wol on her assote.
He bereth, and eke there ben devised Cower, ed. 1532, f. 12
Upon his wombe sterres thre. So besillche upon the note
Gotver, ed. 1532, f. 147-
They herken, and in suche wise asmte,
ASSISH. Foolish. Var. dial Florio has, " Asi- That they here ryjt cource and wey
Forjete, and to here ere obeye.
ndggine, not, therfore, blockishncsse."
Passe assishnesse, though Midas prate, Cower, MS. S'jc. Antiq, 134, f. 41
And assishe judgement give. ASSOWE. In a swoon.
Galfrido and Bernardo, 1570. Hurre modur adoun asaotve dudde fall,
ASSKES. Ashes. For sorwe he myjt wepe no more.
Y wolde suche damsellys yn fyre were brent, Chron. niodnn. p. 56.
That the auRet with the wynde awey myght fly. ASS-PLUM. Florio has " dainine, a kinde of
A0Zig. Antiq. i. 29.
ASS-MANURE. Manure of ashes. North. asse-plum or horse-plum."
ASS-RIDDLIN. In Yorkshire, on the eve of
ASSMAYHED. Dismayed. St. Mark, the ashes are riddled or sifted on the
Bot he stode alle (tssmayhed as sty lie as ston. hearth. It is said that if any of the family die
Ckwn. Filodun. p. 43. within the year, the shoe of the fated person
ASS-MIDDEN. A heap of ashes. North. will be impressed on the ashes.
AS SNOOK. Under the fire-grate. YbrM. ASSUBJUGATE. To subjugate.
ASSOBRE. To grow sober or calm. Wor by my will astubjugate his merit.
Of suche a drynke as I coveyte, Truilw and O-essMa, 5?. 3»
I schulde atsobre and fare wel. ASSUE. A term applied to a cow when drained
Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq, 134, f. 178- of her milk at the ssasonof calving. Somerset.
ASSOIL. To soil. So explained by Richardson, Generally pronounced azew, as in the Dorset
dialect
in a passage in Beaumont and Fletcher. Per-
 AST AST
99
A.SSUEDLY. Consecutively ? ASTABLE. To confirm.
As ille men dus day and nyght that es assuedly in Luth cries, the Pope of Rome,
wele and wa. MS. Coll. Eton. 10, f. 2. He astabled swithe sone
ASSUMP. Raised. Godes werkes for to worche.
MS. Cantab, Ff. v. 48, f. ftj
The saied bishoppe, now beyng Cardinal, was
assoyled of his bishopricke of Wyn Chester, where- ASTANT. Standing.
upon he sued unto our holy father to have a bulle The might him se astant the by. Rembrun, p. 479.
declaratory, notwithstanding he was assump to the ASTAROTH. This name, as given to one of the
state of cardinall, that the sea was not voyde. devils, occurs in a curious list of actors in
Haft, Henry VI. f. 61.
ASSURANCE. Affiance ; betrothing for mar- Jubinal's Myst. Ined. ii. 9. See Towneley
Mysteries, p. 246; Piers Ploughman, p. 393.
riage. See Pembroke's Arcadia, p. 1 7, quoted ASTAT. State ; estate ; dignity.
by Nares. Whan he Is set in his astat,
ASSURDED. Broke forth. Prom Sourd.
Thre thevys bebroutof synful gyse.
Then he assurded into this exclamacyon Coventry Mysteries, p. 12.
Unto Diana, the goddes inmortall.
Skelton's Works, i, 374. ASTAUNCHE. To satisfy.
And castethe one to chese to hir delite,
ASSURE. (1) To confide. (A.-N.) That may better astauncJie hir appetite.
Therefore, as frendfulliche in me assure,
And tell me platte what is thine encheson. Lydgate's Minor Poems, p. 30.
Troilus and Creseide, i. 681 • ASTE. As if ; although. It is the translation
(2) To affiance ; to betroth. of acsi in an early gloss, in Reliq. Antiq. i. 8.
Undir ilc post thay layden,
There lovely Amoret, that was assured Aste the clercus hemselven sayden,
To lusty Perigot, bleeds out her life,
Four yven leves togydir knyt,
Forc'd by some iron hand and fatal knife.
Beaumont and Fletcher, ii. 107. For to proven of his wit. MS. Cantab. Dd. i. 17.
(3) Assurance. ASTEDE. Stood. (A.-S.} So explained by
Redy ef te to profre a newe assure Hearne, in Gloss, te Rob. Glouc. p. 305, where
For to ben trewe, and mercy me to prey. we should probably read an a stede, i. e. in a
Chaucer, ed. Urry, p. 432.
ASSUREDLYEST. Safest.
A great number of commons, all chosen men, with ASTEEPING. Steeping ; soaking.
speres on foote, whiche were the most assuredlyest place.There we lay'd asteeping,
hamesed that hath bene sene. Our eyes in endless weeping. FZetcfter.
Hall, Henry VIII. f. 42. ASTEER. Active: bustling; stirring abroad.
North. See the Craven. Dialect, ii. 359.
AS-SWYTHE. Quickly. This word generally
ought to be divided; yet Robert de Brunne. ASTELLABRE. An astrolabe.
With him his astettdbre he nom,
is MS. H> 701, seems occasionally to use Whiche was of fyn golde precious.
it as one word. Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 388;
ASSYGGE. A hunting term. ASTELY. Hastily.
Ye shull say, illeosque, itteosgue, alwey whan they Or els, Jesu, y aske the reyd
fynde wele of hym, and then ye shul keste out Astely that y wer deyd. SirAtnadas, 390.
as&ygge al abowte the feld for to se where he be go
out of the pasture, or ellis to his foorme. ASTEMYNGE. Esteeming.
Reliq. Antiq. i. 153. But the duke, litle astemynge such a defect, quick-
ASSYNED. Joined. lye after persuaded the kynge to take syr Rycharde
Now, by my trouth, to speke my mynde, agayne to his favour. Archaologia, xxii, 226.
Syns they be so loth to be assyned. ASTENTE. Stopped. (A-S.) See Wright's
Playe called the Fours PP. Pol. Songs, p. 342 ; Will, and the Werwolf,
ASSYNG. To assign.
Go thy way and make thi curse, And or thay come to Mantrible
As I shall assyng the by myn advysse. Nevere thay ne ustente. MS. Aslimole 33, f.15.
p. 56. And
Digby Mysteries, p. 41. thou that madest hit so touj,
AST. Asked. North. Cf. Towneley Myst. p. 200. Al thi bost is sone a-sti»t.
The seet scho aste for hir sonnes myght hir thynk Append, to W. Mapes, p. 341,
wele sett. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 231. ASTER. Easter. North. Mr. HartsTiorne gives
The bisschop ast in quat stid tfcis form of the word as current in Shropshire.
He' shuld this kirke gere make. Cf. Audelay's Poems, p. 41.
MS. Cantab. Ff.v.48, f.?9. And thus this aster lomb apered.
ASTA. Hast thou. This form of the word is Chron. Vilodun. p. 88.
given in the Clavis to the Yorkshire Dialogue, ASTERDE. To escape. (A.-S.)
p. 90. Astow is common in interrogative Tho wiste he wel the kyngis herte,
clauses in old English. That he the deth ne schulde asterde.
ASTABILISHE. To establish. Gotaer, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f.'59.
I shall at all tymes and in all places, whansooever ASTERED. Disturbed.- (A.-S.) In the fol-
I shalbe called uppon, be redye and glad to con- lowing passage/ the Lincoln MS. reads
ferme, ratefie, and astabilishe this mydeyd,pm-pos, stirred. Verstegan has astvred.
rnynd, and intent, as shalbe devised by the krned For all here michel pryde,
counsell of the kynges said highnes. • ^Pfee stout man was catered.
s Monattic Letter*, p. 154. ' Sir Dtgrevan te, Caml, M£
 AST 100 AST
ASTERISM. A constellation. Miege. tical Songs, p. 338 ; Gy of Warwike, pp. 1, 47;
ASTERLAGOUR. An astrolabe. Rob. Glouc. p. 20
Thou ssalt have tl i wil of al Egipte londe,
His alraagiste, and'bokis grete and smale, Ssal iievere no man thine hesteMS.a&tonde.
His asterlagow, longing for his art, Bodl. 652, f. 4.
His augrim-stonis lying feire apart.
Chaucer, ed. Uny, p. 25. So korven and hewen with mani hond,
That non armour might hem astond.
Arthour and Merlin, p. 328
ASTERT. (1) To escape. (A.-S.) See Hawkinsr
, Engl. Dram, i. 9 ; Lydgate's Minor Poems, ASTONE. Confounded.
p. 183; Gower, ed. 1532, f. 70; Chaucer, He dradde him of his owen sone,
Cant. T. 1597, 6550 ; Piers Ploughman, p. 225 ; That maketh him wel the more astone,
Digby Mysteries, p. 8. Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f . 187.
Of wiche the course my5te not asterte
Philototes, that was the more experte. ASTONED. (1) Confounded; astonished. As-
tonied is very common in early writers, and
Ther schalle no worldis good asterte is also found in the Scriptures, Dan. v 9, &c.
His honde, and jit he jeveth almesse. Florio in v. Aggriccidre, has the verb to astony,
Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 42. to confound. See Troilus and Creseide, i.
The to love make me so expert, 274. Urry has also astoined.
That helle peynes I mot astert. This soden cas this man astoned so,
MS. Harl. 2406, f. 85. That red he wex, abaist, and al quaking
He stood, uuuethes said he wordes mo.
(2) Hence, to release. (A.-S.} Cfiaitcer, Cant. T. 8192
And smale titheres weren foule y-shent,
If any persone wold upon hem plaine, (2) Stunned. (A.-S.)
Ther might astert hem no peounial peine. Vor her hors were al astoned, and nolde after wylle
Chaucer, Cant. T. 6896. Sywe nother spore ne brydel, ac stode
Rob. ther
Clone,al stylle,
p. 396.
(3) To alarm ; to take unawares.
No danger there the shepherd can astert. ASTONISH. To stun with a blow.
Spenser's Eel. Nov. 187. Enough, captain : you have astonished
Henryhim.V. v. 1,
ASTEYNTE. Attainted.
What dostow here, unwrast gome ?
ASTONNE. To confound.
For thyn harm thou art hider y-come ! It doth in halfe an howre astonnc the taker so,
He ! fyle -asteynta horesone ! And mastreth all his sences, that he feeleth weale
To mis lo was aythy wone. Kyng Alisaunder, 880.
nor woe. Romeus and Juliet, p. 64.
ASTIEGNUNG. Ascension. Verstegan.
Suerly these be examples of more vehemencie
ASTIGE.
TT j.
To ascend; to mount upwards. than mans tong can expresse, to fear and astonne such
evyl personesas wyl notleve one houre vacant from
ASTINT. Stunned. (A.-S.} doyng and exercysing crueltie, mischiefe, or out-
With so noble swerdes dent, ragious lyvyng. Hall, Richard III. f. 34.
That hem astint verrament.
Arthour and Merlin, p. 309. A-STOODED. Sunk fast into the ground, as a
ASTIPULATE. waggon.
To bargain ; to stipulate. Hall. ASTOPARD. Dorset.
Some kind of animal ?
ASTIRE. (1) The hearth. See Astre. Of Ethiope he was y-bore,
Bad her take the pot that sod over the fire, Of the kind of astopards ;
And set it aboove upon the tutire. He had tuskes like a boar,
Utterson'x Pop. Poet. ii. 78. An head like a libbard.
(2) To stir ; to move. Versteyan. Elites Met. Rom. ii. 390,
ASTIRTE. Started; leapt.
Astirte til him with his rippe, AS TORE. To provide with stores ; to keep up ;
And bigan the fish to kippe. Havelob, 893. to replenish ; to restore. See Prompt. Parv.
ASTITE. Anon; quickly. This word is found pp. 16, 262. ; Rob. Glouc. pp. 18, 107, 212, 229,
in the North Country Vocabularies of Ray and 268. It is used somewhat differently in Kyng
Thoresby. ,Cf. Torrent of Portugal, p. 28. AJisaunder, 2025, and the Sevyn Sages, 956,
Ful richeliche he gan him schrede, explained by Weber, " together, in a heap, nu-
And lepe astite opon a stede ;
For nothing he nold abide. Merrimanmerous,that
plentifullie;"has
but heard
I am itinformed
used in byWilt-
Dr.
Amis and AmUown, 1046.
ASTIUNE. A precious stone. shire as a kind of expletive, thus, " She's gone
into the street astore" This of course differs
Ther is saphir, and uniune, from the Irish word.
Carbuncle and attiune, At cit6, borwe, and castel,
Smaragde, lugre, and prassiune. Thai were astored «withe wel.
Cocaygne* ap. Warton, i. 9. Arthour and Merlin, p. 90.
ASTOD. Stood. See Chron. of England, 62 ; But as the ampte, to eschewe ydelnesse,
Reliq. Antiq. i. 101. In somer is so ful of besinesse,
Sum he smot opon the hode, Or wynter come to safe here from coolde,
At the girdel the swerd astode. She to-foren astored hath here holde.
Gy of Warwifte, p. 47. MS. Digby 230.
A-STOGG'D. Haying one's feet stuck fast into That on he gaf to a»tore the lijt
clay or dirt. Dorset. Off seint Petur the apostille brijt.
MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f.99«
ASTOND. To withstand. See Wright's Poli-
 AST
AST 101
His hyje vertu astreccl&th
ASTOUND. To astonish greatly. Var. dial With bokis of his ornat enditycge.
Till at the last he heard a dreadfull sownd, Occleve, MS. Soc. Antiq.
Which through the wood loud bellowing did rebownd,
That all the earth foi terror seemd to shake, ASTREYNYD. Constrained.
And trees did tremble. Th'elfe, therewith astotvnd, He is astreynyd to the thinge that contenys and
to that thing that is contenyd ; and he is also <z«-
Upstarted lightly from his looser make.
The Faerie Queene, I. vii. 7- treynyd to the thinge that halo w is, and to that thinge
that is halowid. MS. Egerton 842, f. 177.
ASTOYNYN. To shake; to bruise. Prompt. Parv.
ASTREYT. Straight.
ASTRADDLE. To straddle. Skinner. Forsothe he clansyt the ly vere aryt,
ASTRAGALS. A kind of game, somewhat like And alie themembrysbenethe astreyt.
coclcall. See a curious account of it in MS. Heliq. Antiq. i. 190.
Ashmole 788, f. 162. Blount has astragalize, ASTRICTED. Restricted.
As fier being enclosed in a straite place wil by force
" to play at dice, huckle-bones, or tables." See utter his flamme, and as the course of water districted
his Glossographia, p. 59.
and letted will flowe and brust out in continuance of
ASTRAL. Starry.
This latter sort of infidels have often admitted time. Hall, Heni-y VI. f. 90.
those matters of fact, which we Christians call mi- ASTRID. .Inclined. Suffolk.
racles, and yet have endeavoured to solve them by ASTRIDGE. An ostrich.
astral operations, and other ways not here to be spe- He make thee eate yron like an astridge, and swal-
cified. Boyle's Works, v. 161. low my sword like a great pinne.
ASTRAMYEN. An astronomer. Astromyen The Fifst Part of the Contention, 15.04,
is the form of the word in Kyng Alisaunder, ASTRIDLANDS. Astride. North. See Ray's
136 ; and Chaucer, in his tract on the astro- English Words, in v. Umstrid.
labe, has astrologienj for an astrologer. ASTRINGE. To bind ; to compel. (Lot.)
Albeit your Highnes, having an honorable place,
Hyt was a gode astramyen be named as one of the principal contraheutes, yet
That on the mone kowthe seen.
MS. Hurl. 2320, f. 31. neverthelesse your grace is not atfrii/ged or boundcn
to any charge or other thing. State Papers, i. 11&
ASTRANGLED. Strangled. See Will, and the
Werwolf, p. 6. ASTRINGE R. " Enter a gentle a&tringer" is a
For neigh hy weren bothe for thurst stage direction in All's Well that ends Weil,
Astr angled, and ek for-prest. v. 1. Steevens says " a gentle astringer" is a
Kyng dlisaunder, 5099. " gentleman falconer/3 and gives a reference to
To nijht thou schalt i-wis CoweD that requires verification.
In strongue dethe cstrangled, ASTRIPOTENT. The ruler of the stars. (Lat.)
And wiende to the pine of helle. The high aatrlpotent auctor of alle.
MS. Laud. 108, f. 166.
MS, Harl. 2251, f. 7Q.
ASTRA LIGHT. Distracted ; terrified. ASTROD. Stradling. Somerset.
At her syght he was so astraught, that of his own ASTROIE. To destroy.
mynde unrequested, he made peace with the Massi- And aspie hern bi tropic,
]jens, Goldyng*s Justine, f. 179. And so fond hem to astroie.
ASTRAUNGED. Estranged. Udal This and Arthow and Merlin, p. 250.
the last word are taken from Richardson. ASTROIT. A kind of precious (?) stone. Minsheu.
ASTRAY. A stray animal. Prompt. Parv. Sometimes called the star-stone. Brome, in
ASTRAYLY. Astray. It is translated by polar his Travels over England, p. 12, mentions find-
lunde in Prompt. Parv. p. 16. ing many of them atLassington, co. Gloucester,
ASTRE. (1) A star. (Fr.) Steevens says this and gives a particular account of their nature.
ASTROLOGY. A herb mentioned by Palsgrave,
word is only to be met with in Southern's
Diana, 1580. See Shakespeare, vii. 184. Mr. f. 18, and by Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134,
Boswell quotes another instance in Montgo- f. 201. It is perhaps the same with the arisf u-
mery's Poems, ed. 1821, p. 164. See also Ja- logii) two species of which are mentioned iu an
mieson in v. Florio translates Stella, " a old poem in Archaeologia, xxx. 386.
starre, or any of the celestiall bodies that give ASTRONOMER. An astrologer. This sense of
the term is usual with our early writers. See
light unto the world ; also an aster, a planet."
chim- Minot's Poems, p. 85,
(2) A hearth. " The astre orharth of a A learn'd astronomer, great magician,
ney," MS. Harl. 1129, f. 7. Lambarde, in his
Perambulation of Kent, ed. 1596, p, 562, says Who lives hard-by retir'd.
Beaumont and Fletcher, i. 150.
that this word was in his time nearly obsolete in
ASTRONOMIEN. Astrologer.
Kent, but that it was retained in " Shropshire Which e was an astronomien,
and other parts." See Astire. And eek a gret magicien.
ASTRELABRE. An astroiaoe. (A-N.) See Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 146.
Chaucer, Cant. T. 3209. 1 have already quoted
ASTROPHELL. A bitter herb ; probably star-
the passage from Urry, in v. Asterlagour. wort, according to Nares.
ASTRENGTHY. To strengthen.
And bygan to ctstrengthy ys court, and to eche ys
My Andlittlewont
flock, whom with
to feed earstfinest
I lov'd so well,
grasse that grew*
maynye, Rob. Glouc. p. 180. Feede ye henceforth on bitter attrajltll,
ASTRETCHYN. To reach. It is translated by And stinting smallage and ansaverie rue.
tttfago in the Prompt. Parv; pp. 14, 16, 99. Spent. Daphn, 3ii
 102 ASY
AST
ASTRO UT. This word is still used in Somerset- ASTYL. A thin board or lath. See Prompt.
shire, explained by Mr. Norris, MS. Glossary, Parv. p. 16, explained from the Anglo-Norman
" in a stiff, projecting posture, as when the " a piece of a wooden log cleft for burning."
Phillips has axicle in the same sense, so that
fingers are kept out stiff." Sir Thomas More,
the word may come originally from the Lat.
"Workes, p. 98, applies it to C-stomach swelled axiculus.
"by
ton gluttony,
do with his " What
bely good can the
standing greatlike
astrote glo-a ASUNDERLY. Separately. It is translated by
disjunctim, separation, and divisim, in the
taber." In Prompt. Parv. p. 16, " a-struf Prompt. Parv. p. 16.
is translated by turgide ; and Palmer says it is
used in the north-east of Devon in the sense of ASUNDRI. Apart. See Gesta Romanorum,
astride. The word occurs in the first sense in pp. 14, 67, 164 ; Prompt. Parv. p. 16.
In this world, bi Seyn Jon,
a curious poem in the Auchinleck MS. printed So wise a man is thernon,
Aswndri schuld hem knawe.
in Wright'sexample
following Political Songs,from
is taken p. 336 ; and copy
another "the Amis and Amiloun, 2052.
in the Bodleian Library, unknown to Mr. AS WARE. On one side.
Wright, which is valuable as completing his Hym had bin beter to have goon more asware,
imperfect one. Cowper has astrut, as quoted For the egg of the pann met with his shynne,
by Richardson. And karff atoo a veyn, and the next
Chaucer, ed. syn.
Urry, p. 5,00,
Now Godis soule is al day suore,
The knyf schal stonde a-stroutj ASWASH. Cotgrave has, " Ckamarre, a loose
And thow his botes be to-tore, and light gowne, that may be worue a$wash
jit he wil mak it stout.
MS. BodL 48, f. 327-
or skarfewise."
The marynere that wolde have layne hur by, ASWELT. To become extinguished. (A.-S.}
Ac sot and snow cometh out of holes,
Hys yen stode owte astrote for- thy, And brennyng fuyr, and glowyng coles ;
Hys lymmes were roton hym froo. That theo snow for the fuyr no malt,
Le Bone Florence of Rome, 2029.
He gafe hym swylke a clowte, No the fuyr for theo snow aswelt.
Kytiff Aiisaundcr, GG3J).
That bothe his eghne stode one strowte.
Sir Iswribras, Lincoln MS. ASWEVED. Stupified, as in a dream. (A.-S.)
For so astonied and asweved
ASTRUCTIVE. This word is used by Bishop
Was every virtue in me heved,
Hall, and opposed by him to destructive. See What with his sours, and with my dr«?d,
Richardson, in v. That al my felinge gau to ded.
ASTRYVYD. Distracted. The House of Fame, ii. 41.
Beryn and his company stood all astryvyd.
History of Beryn, 2429. AS-WHO-SAIETH. A not unfrequent ex-
pression inour early poetiy, equivalent to,—
ASTUNED. Stunned. SeeDrayton'sPolyolbion,
ed. 1753, p. 1011 ; and Astonne. as one may say, as the saying is. See Dyce's
He frust doun at o dent, notes to Skelton, p. 86.
That hors and man astuned lay. ASWIN. Obliquely. North.
Artfiour and Merlin, p. 233. ASWOGH. In a swoon. (4.-S.)
ASTUNTE. Stood ; remained. A&wogh he fell adoun
The barons astunte withoute toun biside, An hys hynder arsoun. Lybeam Diaconvs, 11 71.
And vaire sende into the toun to the king hor ASWOUNE. In a swoon. See Chaucer, Cant. T,
sonde,
3826, 10788 ; Gy of Warwike, p. 17 ; Legend
That he ssolde, vor Godes love, him bet under- f of Pope Gregory, p. 48; Rom. of the Rose,1804.
stonde, He ferd as he wer mat j
And graunte horn the gode lawes, and habbe pit^ Adoun he fel aswoune with that.
of is lond. Rob. Glouc. p. 546. Gy of Wartotiee, p. 18.
The other astunte and unnethe abod,
ASWOWE. In a swoon. See Amogh ; Laun-
He ne mijhte no othur for schame.
MS. Laud. 108, f. 173, fal, 755 ; MS. Cantab. Ef. i. 6, f. 51.
The king binethen, the stede aboue,
ASTUTE. Crafty. Minskeu. For sothe sir Arthour was aswowe.
ASTWARD. Eastward. Arthour and Merlin* p. 123.
* And in a schlp we duden us sone, And whanne the mydwyf hurde that,
And astward evere kenden, Zhe felle a-sioowe thar zhe sat. MS. Douce 230, f, 23.
In the se of occean,
A-SYDEN-HANDE. On one side.
As ore Loverd is grace us sende*. Hut he toke nat his ground so even in the front
MS. Laud. 108, f. 104.
afore them as he wold have don yf he might better
ASTY. Rather; as soon as. North. This is have sene them, butt somewhate a-syden-hande,
perhaps connected with astet q. v. where he disposed all his people in good arraye all
ASTYE. To ascend. that nyght. Arrival of King Edward IV. p. !«..
Alfred and Seynt Edwarde, lastehli gonne astye ASYGHE. To essay.
Thoru the due of Normandye, that her uncle was. Now let seo gef ony ig so hardy
Rob. Glouc. p. 317. That durste hit him atyghe. Kyng ^foawmfer, 3870,
ASTYFLED. Lamed in the leg. ASYNED. Assigned ; appointed.
Somtyme an hound is yvele astyfled, so that he And jemen of the crowne also,
shal Bomtyme abyde half a jeer or more, or he be That were asyned wy th hym to go.
wel feme, M$, BodL 546f » Arch&ot,gia, xxi. 73*
 ATA 103 ATB
AT. (1) That. North. See Sevyn Sages, 3824; AT-ALL. The cry of a gamester full of cash and
Perceval of Galles, 150, 524; Towneley Mys- spirit, meaning that he will play for any sums
the company may choose to risk against him.
teries, pp.
Ywaine and Gawin, 486. 2, 87 ; Robson's Met. Horn. p. 7 ; See Massinger, iv. 78.
It es fully my eonsaile that thou recounselle agayne AT-ALLE. Entirely; altogether. SeeLydgate's
unto the my lady my moder Olympias, and at thou Minor Poems, p. 29 ; Chaucer, Cant. T. 8921,
grefe the nathynge at the dede of Lesias, ne take 9098.
na hevynes to the therfore. MS.Lincoln A. i. 17, f« 26. The kynge knew the burgeyse at atte ;
(2) To. Constantly used as a prefix to the verb Anone to hym he lette hym calle. Ipomydont13G9.
,by early English writers. See Ywaine and AT-ALL-POINTS . In every particular, a phrase
Gawin, 812, 2344. applied to a person well and entirely armed.
Ga hethene away fra me, quod he, for thou canne See instances in Beaumont and Fletcher,
say noghte to mee, ne I hafe noghte at do with the.
MS. Lincoln A. 1. 17, f. 1. iv. 7 ; Morte d'Arthur, i. 344, ii 19. At-cdl.
That es at say, with golde and ensence. rights is a similar expression, of which see in-
And myre that they oflferde in thi presence. stances in Chaucer, Cant. T. 2102; Sir
MS. Lincoln A.i.17, f. 190. Perceval, 1139. See At-ryghttez.
(3) To. " This roal nil be daingerus jist now, if ATAME. To tame. (A.-S.) See Skelton's
a dunna doa sommat at it." Var. dial. Works, i. 135, 211 ; Deposition of Richard II.
p. 15 ; Chester Plays, i. 124 ; Gy of Warwike,
(4) Eat. No hadde thai no wines wat,
p. 316 ; and Aflame.
No ale that was old, And saide, thou cursed Sarasyne,
No no gode mete thai at, Thy proude pride shall be atamed,
Thai hadden al that thai wold. By God and by Seinte Qwyntyne. MS. Douce 175, p.32.
Sir Ti-istrem, p. 2G9. ATANUNE. Afternoon. Suffolk.
(5) Who ; which. North. AT-A-POINT. This phrase is explained resolute
(6) Of. North. by Rider. In the second example it appa-
Seryppe and burden can he take, rently means at a stoppage.
And toke leve at hys wyfe. Old Siward, with ten thousand warlike men,
MS. Cantab. Ff.ii.38, f.122.
All ready at a point, was setting forth. Macbeth, iv. 3.
He tuke his leve at the daye Now let us speake of the Erie of Warwickes
At Mildor the faire maye. doynges, whiche muste nedes play a pagiaunt In
Sir Degreuante, Lincoln MS. this enterlude, or els the plaie were at a point.
That same houre herly at morne, Marie Hall, Edward IV. f. 15,
Maudeleyne and hir two sisters asked leve at oure
Lady, and went with theire oynementes to the ATARN. To mn
Manie flowe away ; and
to churche, to escape. (A.-S.')
the constable unrtethe
sepulcre. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 166.
Atarnde alive, and manie were i-brojt to dethe.
(7) To attack ; to accost. A common elliptical Rob. Glow. p. 539.
form of the expression to be #£, or to get at. ATASTE. To taste. See the corresponding
Also, to contend with or take in a game or passage in MS. Soc. Antiq. 134rf. 6, andDigby
otherwise.
Mysteries, p. 190.
Ye shullen ataste bothe thowe and shee
(8)At For .
this cause the knyjt comiyche hade Of thilke water, to speke in wordes fewe,
In the more half of his schelde hir ymage depaynted. By God ordeyned trouthes for to shewe.
Syr Gawayne, p. 25.
ATACHE. To seize.
Lydgate, MS. JthmoleZQ, f. 44.
ATAUNT. So much. See Digby Mysteries,
And seyde, we atache yow y-wysse,
For ye schalle telle us what he ys. p. Whan
192. that
(A.-N.)
Bachus, the myghti lorde,
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 133. And Juno eke, both by one accorde,
AT- AFTER. After; afterwards. North. See Had sette a-broche of myghti wyue a tone,
Chaucer, Cant. T. 10616, 11531; Morte And afterwardys into the brayn ran
d'Arthur, ii. 220. It is an adverb and prep. Of Colyn Blobolle, whan he had dronke atawit
I trust to see you ait-after Estur, Both of Teynt and of wyne Alycaunt,
As conning as I that am your master. Till he was drounke as any swyne.
MS. Ratal. C. 258. Colyne Blowbull, MS. Rawl. C. 06
And he is a foole that yevithe also credence
ATAKE. To overtake. (A.-S.^) See Amis and
Amiloun, 2070; Chaucer, Cant. T. 16024. To newe rumours and every foIUsshe fable,
Sometimes it stands for the part. pa. Atdk&i, A dronken foole that sparithe for no dispence
To drynk ataunt til he slepe at table.
as in Chaucer, Cant. T. 6966, and our two last
Lydgate' a Minor Poems, p. 167
examples. ATAVITE. Ancestral.
He turned his stede and gan to fle,
And Gij after him, bi mi leuU ; But trulie this boldnes, not myne owne nature, hath
Gode was the hors that Gwichard rod on, taught mee, but your nature, generositie prognate,
And so fast his stede gan gon. and come from your aftzptteprogenitours.
That Gij might him nought atnltes
Ellis'* Literary Letters, p. 75.
Therfore he gan sorwe make. Gy of Warwike, p. 52. ATAXY. Disorder; irregularity. (Gr.}
And seyde, ha ! now thou art a-taJce, AT-BAR. Bore away.
That thou thy werke rnyjte uoajt forsake. A wonder thing he sey him thar,
Gower, MS. Sae. Antiq. 134, f. 166. A wolf his other child at-bar. MS. Digby 8G, f. 123
And nojt for that a/ goth so fast, AT-BLEWE. Blew with bellows.
That Richard ys a-take ate last. MS A&hmole 48,
 ATE ATH
104
The tourmentours at- llewe at hyme ; And atyr this his modir dide aryse,
Criste for-schope thame bothe lythe and lyme ! And lyf te him UP sof tely into the stall*.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17> f* 328. Lydgate, MS. Sw. Antiq. 134, f. 10.
A.T-BB.EST. To burst in pieces.
His hert aght ar at-brest in thrin, Everich man of ich mester
Arfra Ms comamentes tuin. (2) Attire.
Hem riden ogain with fair and
ater. Merlin, p. 132,
Arthow
MS. Cott. Vespas. A. iii. f. 54.
ATCHEKED. Cloaked. Skinner. ATER-NOON. Afternoon. Somerset.
ATCHISON. A billon coin, or rather copper ATERST. In earnest. Phillips. Coles explains
washed with silver, struck in the reign of it indeed.
James VI., of the value of eight pennies Scots, ATEYNT. Fatigued; worn out. (A.-N.} '
or two thirds of an English penny. See In the hete they wer almost ateynt,
Jamieson, in v. And in the smoke nygh adreynt.
Richard Coer de Lion, CI31.
I care nut atx they war all drown/d i' th* dike,
They're nut worth an atchison* nor twenty sike. ATEYNTE. (1") Convicted; attainted. See
Yorkshire Dialogue, p. 57. Amis and Amiloun, 849; History of Beryn,
ATCHORN. An acorn. Var. dial We have 2673.
also ate/horning, picking up acorns. Yn feyre wurdys and yn qeynte,
ATE. (1) To eat. West, See Jennings,?. 115. Wyth pryde are swych men MS. Harl. 1701, f. 21
ateynte.
(2) At the.
And with a god staf. ful sket, ; to get possession of.
His wif ate dore ne bet. Sevyn Sages, 2296. (2) To Shereach
seid, Thomas, let them stand,
(4.-S.) Or ellis the feend wille the ateynte.
ATE GAR. A kind of lance. ' Junius. MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 118.
ATEIGN. To accomplish.
Ne hope I noght he wil him feign, AT-GO. Expended; gone.
That he ne sal Cairn dede atcign. Wor his spending wes al at-go,
MS. Cott. Vespas. A. iii. f. 8. Wel evene he hit oundernom.
MS. Digty 85, f. 124.
ATEINTE. To give a colouring to. (^.-JV.)
Nai, do-wter, for God above ! Whet may I sugge bote wolawo I
Old men ben felle and queinte, When mi lif is me at-go.
And wikkede wrenches coime attfnte. Wright's Lyric Poeti-y, p. 74.
Misdo nowt, doughter, "but do Sevt/n
bi redeSages,
! 1756. AT-GOHT. Is expended.
Ther ich wes luef, icham ful loht,
ATEL. Beckoned ; counted. (A.-S.) Ant alle myn godesWright's
me at-goht.
The kyng tnoru ys conseyl encented wel her to, Lyric Poetry, p. 48.
And god ostage of nom, the truage vor to do ;
And atel al her god, and let him al bar wende. ATH. (1) An oath. (4.-S.) See Ywaine and
Rob. Glouc, p. 171. Gavrin, 2264 ; Sir Degrevante, MS. Lincoln,
ATELICH. Foul; corrupt. (A.-S.) 210 ; Reliq. Antiq. i. 126.
The bodi ther hit lay on bere, 1 hafe, quod he, made athe to Darius, that, whils
An atelich thing as hit was on. he leffez, I schalle never bere armes agaynes hyme ;
Append, to W. Mapes, p. 343. and therfore I ne may nojte do agaynes myne athe.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 5
Tho cam thare out a luther wyjt
Ful atelich ate laste. MS. Laud, 108, f. 107- O pride bicums thrones o thrett,
A scharp face he hadde, and al for-kroked, Hething, threp, and ftthes grett.
His berd atelich and long. /&«?. 108, f. 159. MS. Cott. Vcspas. A. iii. f. 153.
ATENES. At once. See Chaucer, ed. Urry,
p. 32. This is merely another form of Attones, (2) Each. Thai token ath tulke ;
The roglre raggi sculke
q.v.
ATENT. An object; an intention. SeeOctovian, Rug ham in helle !
Wright's Pol. Songs, p 29&
104 ; Sir Amadas, 372 ; Joachim and Anne,
p. 149 ; Cov. Myst. p. 4 ; Syr Gowghter, 617. Vorst ych wulle therynne do me sulf, vor ryjt yt ys,
Hymselfe ys in gode atente, (3) vorst
And Hath.asayle then falsekyng, and bringe hym to joke,
For every man ys hys freiide. That the gret oth that he suor, so vyllyehecztf* to-broke,
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 79.
/io6. Giouc. p, 453.
A richelettre scho hym sent, AT-HALST. Withholdest. Hob. Glouc.
Eftyr hir lordis commandment,
And talde hym alle hir atent. AT-HAND. "At hand, quoth pick-purse," an
Sir Degrevante, Lincoln MS. old proverb introduced in 1 Henry IV. ii. 1,
ATEON. To make angry. (^.-S.) and a several
is familiarwriters of Shakespeare's
exclamation in answertime.to anyIt
The kyng wes ateoned stronge
That Corineus astod so longe. summons.
Chronicle of England, 61.
Gogmagog was atened strong ATHANOR,
the retentionA of digesting
heat. furnace, calculated for
That on mon him stode so long. I have another work you never saw, son,
Ibid. MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 93.
He was atened of his enemy. MS.^ahmole 33, f.2. That three days since past the philosopher's wheel,
In the lent heat of athanor* The Alchemist, ii. !•
(1) After. Var. dial. It may, however, And se thy fornace be apt therfore,
be a mere error of the scribe in the following Whych wyse men do call athenor.
example : Mhmole's Theat, Chem. Brit. p. 149,
 105 ATL
ATH
ATHREP. With torture; cruelly. (A.-S.) Mr.
ATHEL. Noble. (^.-£) See Wright's Lyric
Conybeare gives no explanation of this word.
Poetry, p. 33 ; Black's Cat. of Ashmole's MSS. Bisydes stondeth a feondes trume,
p. Hit
68. watz Ennias the atliel, and his high kynde. And waiteth hwenne the saules cume ;
Heo hire awarieth al athrep,
Syr Gawayne, p. 3.
Alexander the athill, be allurs acorde. Also wulves doth the seep.
Conybeare's Octavian, p. 57
MS.Ashnu>le&tf.'Ll. ATHRINED. Touched. Verstegan.
AT-HELD. To keep; to retain. Cf. Rob. Glouc.
A-THRISTETH. Thrust ; push ; hurry on.
p. 62. This clerkes of whom ich teld, Rennynge houndes hunteth yn dyverse maneres,
With the king weren at-held, for some foleweth the hert faste at the bygynnynge,
Arthour and Berlin, p. 24. and a-thristeth a hert at the firste, for rhei goith light-
lych and faste. MS. Bvdl. 546,
He him might no lenge at-held.
Gy of WanvzJce, p, 60. ATHROTED. Throttled; choked.
ATHELE. This word is translated by natura in And if thou wolt algates with superfl.uitie of riches
MS. Harl. 219. be athroted, thou shalt hasteliche be anoied, or els
ATHELISTE. Most noble. evili at ese. Testament of Love, p. 4M3.
Thane Syr Arthurs one erthe, atheliste of othere, A-THROUGH. Entirely.
At evene at hisawene bordeavantid his lordez. A-throitgh they ordeyned gode and fyne,
Morte Arthur e, MS. Lincoln, f. 70. Hys body and bones to berye theryn.
MS. Cantab. Ff, li. 36, f. 216.
ATHENE 0. Stretched out. Versteqan.
ATHRUST. Athirst; thirsty.
ATHENYNG. Extension. (A.-S.) See a piece An huswyfe of trust,
by Lydgate, printed at the end of the Chronicle Whan she is athrust,
of London, p. 237. We have already had the Suche a webbe can spyn,
passage from another copy, in v. Arenyn^, Her thryft is full thyn. Skelton's Woi Its, i. 103.
which is probably a corrupt reading. ATHURT. Athwart; across. West. It is some-
A.THEOUS'. Atheistical. times used in the sense of a short cut, and
It is an ignorant conceit that inquiry into nature
should make men atheous: no man is so apt to see frequently also by sailors, with the channel
the star of Christ as a diligent disciple of philosophy. understood, e. g. " He's gone athurt."
Bishop Hall. ATHVERTYSYD. Advertised; informed.
Yt shall please yow to be athvertn&jd that here ys
ATHER. Either. Yorfoh. See Hartshorne's an abbey callyd Inghara in Norfolke, not fare frome
Met. Tales, p. 100.
At ather ende he castes a cope Seynt Benettes abbey e.
Wrighf s Monastic Letter*, p. 86.
Layde downe on borde, the endys plyed up.
BoTte of Curtasye, p. 28. ATHYT. Perhaps this ought to be, at Jiyt.
No storing of pasture, with baggedg-ly tyt,
A-THES-HALF. On this side of. See the quo- With ragged, with aged, and Tusser,ed..l573,f.U.
evelathyt.
tation from Robert of Gloucester, in v. Anether.
ATHILLEYDAY. The rule of an astrolabe.
Seeke the ground meete for your purpose, and then A-TILT. At a tilt. Also, as a verb. See the
take an astrolobe, and hang that upon your thombe quotations given by Richardson, in v.
by the ring, and then turne the athilleyday or rule ATIRE. To prepare; to fit out. (A.-N.)
with the sights up and downe, untill that you doo see What dos the kyng of France ? off res him gode navie
Tille Inglond, o chance to WynnePeter
it with maistrie.
Lartfftnft, p. 20/.
the marke. Bourne's Inventions or Devises, 1578.
ATHIN. Within. Somerset.
Atired ther wendyng toward the Marche right sone.
ATHINKEN. To repent; to grieve. (A.-S.} See Ibid. p. 240,
Troilus and Creseide, i. 1051, v. 878.
Soore it me a-thyriketh ATISFEMENT. Ornament. (A.-N.)
For the dede that I have doon. A pavilion of honour, with riche ati&fement,
Piers Ploughman, p. 374. To serve an emperour at a parlement.
Peter Langtoft, p. 152.
A-THIS-SIDE. On this side; betwixt now and— .
ATITLED. Called; entitled.
e. g. " a this side Christmas," Var. dial. But jit here sterris bothe two,
ATHOG. As though. Satorne and Jubiter also,
I schall ley cm hym, athog I wode were,
They have, alle-thouje they be to blame,
With thys same womanly geyre. ^titled to here owen name.
Sharp's Diss. on Cov. Myst. p. 111. Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 133.
ATHOLDE. To withhold. See Hartshorne's This Aries, on of the twelfe,
Met. Tales, p. 96 ; Rob. Glouc. p. 62. Hath Marche attitled for himselve. Kid. f. 190.
For-thi Satanas the holde The twelve monthis of the jere
The soule wille atholde. MS Eigby 86, f. 128. AttitleA undir the power
ATHOUT, Without. West. Of these twelve signis stonde. /bid. f. 199,
ATHRANG. In a throng. ATLED. Arrayed. See^y/.
Alle weore dryven athrangt Hire teht aren white ase bon of whal,
Ten myle they yeode alang. Kyng AIisaundert 3409. Evene set ant athd al. Wrighfs I^HcPofifcy, p. 35.
A-THRE. In three parts. See Chaucer, Cant. T. AT-LOWE. Below.
2936; LegendaeCatholicae,p.l28; Rob. Glouc. And truly, syrs, looke that ye trow
p. 23 ; Chaucer, ed. Urry, p. 22. That othere lord is none at-loive,
The halvedel thenne athreo Bothe man and beest to hym shalle bowe.
Wei he bi§ette theo, Chron, of England, 515, In towns and feyld. Totoneley Mytteries, p. 131^
 ATR 106 ATT
ATO. In two. See Atwo. AT-RAUGHT. Seized.
To the stifles he yede, Who so ever he at-raught,
And eveii ato hem schare. Sir Tristrem, p. 159. Tombel of hors he Anhour
him taught.
and Merlin,
ATOIC Took; seized.
Al that Fortiger atolt, ATRAY. To trouble ; to vex ; to anger. From
He let to-drawe and ari-hong. tray. See the Sevyn Sages, 1867 5 Cov. Myst.
Arthvw and Merlin, p. 18.
ATOM. At home. Mome is still common in He sturte him up in a breyd,
p. 350.
In his herte sore atrayyed. Kyng of Tars, 60
the provinces.
And the Normans ne couthe speke tho bote her ATRETE. Continually ; distinctly. It is tran
owe speche,
lated by tractim and distincte in the Promp-
And speke French as dude atom, and here chyldren Parv. p. 17. Baber, in his glossary to Wickliff
dude al-so teche. Rob. Clone, p. 364. refers to 2 Esdre viii. for an instance of the
ATOMY. (1) An atom. See Romeo andJuliet,i.4. word.
To tell thee truth, not wonders, for no eye
Hit was gode preyers, I sei hit atrete.
Sees thee but stands amazed, and would turn MS. rernon, Archcsologia, xviii.2&
His crystal humour into atomies ATRICK. An usher of a hall, or master porter.
Ever to play about thee. Minsheu*
Beaumont and Fletcher, iv. 283.
ATRIE . To try ; to judge.
(2) A skeleton. North. Shakespeare has the Chefe justise he satte, the sothe to atrie,
word in 2 Henry IV. v. 4.
For lefe no loth to lette the right
Peterlawe to guye.p. 80.
Langtvft,
AT-ON. United ; agreed. See Lay le Frame,
279-320 ; Prompt. Parv. p. 6 ; Faerie Queene, The rightes lie did attrie of tho that wrong had
II. i. 29; Reliq. Antiq. i. 167. nomen. Ibid. p. 245.
Thou hase ours gude mene slane,
I rede je be at-ana ATRISTUN. Trust ; confide.
Or thare dy any ma. Sir Degievaiite, Lincoln MS. Ther are thowsand spices of veyn supersticoun,
that is, thing vejnly ordeynid and veynly usid, and
In that maner they are at-on.
MS. Cantab. Ff . il. 38, f. 120. veynly that men atristun\\\> and all silk thingis are
forbidun je in this3 that thu schalt not tak his name
ATONE. To reconcile ; to agree. See Beaumont
in veyn. Apuhigy fur thu Lvllards, p. DS.
and Fletcher, i. 141 ; Webster's Works, i. 73 ; AT-ROUTE. To rout; to put to flight; to assem-
As You Like It, v. 4. This verb is evidently
formed from at one. Shakespeare, Merry ble. Hearne also gives the meanings, to re-
Wives of Windsor, i. 1, has atonement in the sixf, to gather together.
So that men of purch.iscome to hym so gret route,
sense of reconciliation, agreement.
That ther nas prince un-uethe tlut hymRob.myjtc
Clone,at route.
p. IB.
ATOP. On the top ; upon. It is generally ac-
companied byof or on; e. g. "I saw Mr. Brown AT-RYGIITTEZ. Completely.
atop of his new horse yesterday." Var. dial. Luke ;e aftyre evensang bo armyde at-rygJittes
ATORN. (1) To run away. On blonkcz by jone buscayle, by 30110 blyth
Tho Water Tyrel y-sey that he was ded, anon streniez, Marts Arthnrn> MS. Lincoln, f. 02.
He atornde as vaste as he myjte ; that was hys best
won. Rob. Clouc. p. 419. AT-SCAPEN. To escape.
Jesu, thi grace that Is *o fre
(2) In turn ? A turn ? ID siker h(>pe do thou me,
Thou hast y-dremed of venesone*
Thou mostest drynke atom. MS. Ashmole 33, f. 4. At-scnpen peyut' ant coinc to the,
To the blisse that ay shal be.
(3) Broken. Hants. Wi itfht's Lyric Poetry, p, 75.
ATORNE. Attorney. (A.-N.}
The same manere jit doth he, AT-SITTE. To -withstand; to contradict. (<•/.-£}
That is a fals atom& MS. BodL 48, f , 160. See Rob. Glouc. p. 174 ; A-rthour and Merlin,
ATORRYTE. Authority. This form of the word
occurs in some verses scribbled in MS. Bodl. For ther nns so god knyjt non nower a boute France,
546. p. 68. in joustes scholde at-sitte the dynt of ys Uunce.
That
Rob. Glouc. p. 137-
ATOUR. About ; around. (A.-N.) Hise bode ne durste he non ut-sitte. Havelok, 2200.
Ded buth my prynces be atour.
KyngAlisaunder, 4511. AT-SQUAIIE. In quarrel.
Oft times yong men do fall at-square,
ATOURNED. Equipped. (A.-N.) For a fine wench that is feat and fa ire.
And otherwhile he might him se,
As a gret ost bi him te, Withal*' Victititiarie, p 271,
Wele atourned ten hundred knightes, AT-STODE. Withstood. Cf. Rob. Glouc. p. 15.
Ich y-armed to his rightes. With sheld and spore out i-drawc
Sir Orpheo, ed, Laing, 253. That hoere dunt at-stode. MS. Digby 86, f.I24.
ATOW. Thatthou. AT-STONDE. To withstand.
Loke atow no more wepe,
I ne wende no5t that eny man my dunt ssolrie at-xtonde,
For thi wiif lith stille on slepe. Rob, Glow. p. 36&
Marie Maudelein, p. 236. ATT. To.
AT-PLAY. Out of work. Staff. We besekene jonve that je chese |ow joug lordes
AT-RAHT. Seized; taken away. and 5ong knyghtes that ere listy mene and able for
Such reed memyhte spaclychereowe, to suffre disesse for to be with ^ow ; for here we gi:ie
When al my ro were me at-raht. up ntt arrays, if it be jour willer and forsakes than»e
Wright's Lyric Poetry, p. 37- for evtr. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17. f- 3-
 107
ATT ATT

ATTACHEN. To attach ; to indite. (A.-N.) ATTELE. To aim ; to design ; to conjecture ;

And comaunded a constable, to go towards ; to approach ; to judge. See
That com at the firste,
To attachen tho tyrauntz. Piera Ploughman, p. 40. Sir F. Madden's glossary, in v. and Ettle.
The emperowr entred in a wey evene to attele
ATTACK'D-ED. Attacked. A common parti- To have bruttenet that bor and the abaie seththen.
ciple here, but more extensively used, I am WilL and the Werwolf, p. 8.
told, in America. For-thi an aunter in erde I tittle to schawe.
ATTAINT. A taint; anything hurtful. The Syr Gawayne, p. 4.
verb seems to he used in somewhat a pecu- ATTEMPERALLY. Temperately.
liar sense in Morte d' Arthur, ii. 266. It was That mane es nojte mekilles at commend that
also a term in chivalry. alwayes lyffes in disesse; bot he es gretly to com-
I will not poison thee with my attaint, mend that in reches lyffez attemper ally.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 1?, f - 35.
Nor fold my fault in cleanly coin'd excuses.
Shakespeare's Lucrece. ATTEMPERAUNCE. Temperance. See Lyd-
The kyng was that daye hyghly to be praysed, for
he brake xxiij, speres, besyde attaynttis, and bare gate's Minor Poems, pp. 194, 209 ; and the
doune to ground a man of armes and hys horse example under Fratour.
And soveraynly she had attemperaunce.
Hall, Henry VIII, f. 55.
Lydgate, MS.Ashmole 39, f. 11.
ATTAL-SARESIN. According to Cowell and
Kennett, the inhabitants of Cornwall call an ATTEMPRE. (1) Temperate. (A.-N.) In
old mine that is given over by this name. The Wright's Monastic Letters, p. 189, we have
attempred in the same sense. See M aundevile's
latter says, " probably because the Saxons em- Travels, p. 276.
ployd the Saracens in those labours." Attempre diete was all hire physike,
ATTAME. (1) To commence; to begin, (A.-N.) And exercise, and hertes suffisartce.
Also, to broach a vessel of liquor, as in Prompt. Chaucer, Cant. T. 14844.
Parv. p. 16, where it is translated by attamino, (2) To make temperate. See Troilus and Creseide,
And thereupon he schulde anone attume i. 954.
Another of newe, and for the more honoure. Ther may no welthe ne poverte
Lydgate, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 8. Attempre hem to the decerte.
Yes, hoste, quod he, so mote I ride or go, Gower> MS. Soc. An fig. 134, f. 47.
But I be mery, y-wis I wol be blamed ;
And right anon his tale he hath attained. ATTEMPRELY. Temperately. (A.-N.}
Governeth you also of your diete
Chaucer, Cant. T. 14824. Attemprdy, and namely in this hete.
There was none suche sithen Adam dide atame Chance)-, Cant. T. 13192.
The frute to ete, for eyther halte or lame. ATTEMPTATE. An attempt.
MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 1. As herunto the kynge marvaylith gretly off thys
(2) To feel ; to taste. presumptuose attemptate usydde by the Frenchemen
For sithin that payne was first named, in hys streme, and takyih the same verraye dis-
"Was net more wofull payne attained. pleasantly. State Papers, L 36.
Chaucer's Dreame, 596. ATTENDABLY. Attentively. Palsgrave has
(3) To hurt ; to injure. This is, I believe, the attendalle, attentive.
meaning of the word in Chaucer's Dreame, Because they scholde the more attendably study and
1128, which Tyrwhitt conjectures to he dis- werke the more spedyly aboute the thynges that
graced. myghte cause and haste therdelyveraunce.
Of his scholder the swerd glod doun, MS. drundel 145,
That bothe plates and hauberjoun ATTENT. Attentive. Shakespeare has the word
He carf atuo y plight, in Hamlet, i. 2. See also Richardson, in v.
Al to the naked hide y-wis ; While other rusticks, lesse attest
And nought of flesche atamed is
To prayers then to merryment.
Thurch grace of God Almight. Herrick's WorTcs, i, 141).
Gy of Warwike* p. 325.
ATTAR. After. Salop. ATTER. (1) Poison. (A.-S.) Hence, coiTupt
matter issuing from an ulcer, as in Prompt.
ATTASK'D. Blamed. See Alapt. Parv. p. 16, where it is translated by sanies.
You are much more attasTc'd for want of wisdom,
Than prali'd for harmful mildness. King- Lear, i. 4,
This latter is also the provincial use of the
ATTAST. To taste. See Dial of Creat. Moral, •word ; Forby has it, and Skinner gives it as a
Lincolnshire word, in which county it now
p. And
94. to
oon frute in specyall he had grete hast, seems to be obsolete. Kennett, MS. Lansd.
His aptyde was desirous therof to attest, 1033, says it was used in Sussex in the same
MS. Laud 416, f. 61. sense. See Piers Ploughman, p. 243.
ATTE. At the. (A.-S.) Of vych a werm that after bereth,
And thanne seten somrne, Other it stingeth, other it tereth.
And songen atte nale. Piers Ploughman, p, 124. Canybeare's Qvttfuian, p. 57,
ATTE-FROME. Immediately. (A.-S.) See Thai sharped thar tung als nedder so,
Kyng Alisaunder, 5356. Attre of snakes undir lippes of tho.
JKS.Sodl. 425, f.87.
With that came a sergeant pritfcand,
Gen til he was and well speakand ;
To Sir Guy is be come, (2) An Take
otter.heare cattes, dogges too,
And him he gret atte/rome. lie, m&re alsoe.
et. Rom. ii. 18. Chester Ptoyt, i 51.
 108
ATT ATT
(3) Attire; array. ATTONES. At once. North.
In valewe eke much more did cost his wenches pall, And thenne they alyght sodenly, and sette their
Then allth' after is worth that covereth altres tenne. handes upon hym allattones, and tokehym prysoner,
Append, to W. Mapes, p. 278. and soo ledde hym unto the castel.
Morte d^rthur, i. 319.
ATTERCOP. A spider. (^.-£) It is translated
by aranea in the Prompt. Parv. p. 16, and the all attonce.
Peele's
Fair queen of love, I lov'd not Works, i, 41.
provincial glossaries give it also the sense of a
spider's web, as Ray, Kermett, and others. See ATTORNEY. A deputy. This original mean-
Prompt. Parv, p. 140, and the list of old words ing of the word is used in the Alchemist, ii. 1.
prefixed to Batman uppon Bartholome, 1582, See also Hawkins's Engl. Dram. i. 40. Shake-
where it occurs in the first sense. Stanihurst, speare makes a verb of it in Measure for Mea-
in his Description of Ireland, p. 11, says a sure, v.1.
spider was called an attercop in some parts of ATTOUR.Nor (1) A head-dress. (A.-N.}
I nil makin mencioun
that country, and even in Fingal. Pegge ex- Nor of her robe, nor of tresour
plains it,"the venomous spider," which agrees Of broche, ne of her riche anour,
with the etymology from after t poison; though Ne of her girdle about Rom. of the Rose, 3718.
her side.
cobweb, which was anciently spelt copwe&,
may have been derived from the latter part of (A.-N.) Atour.
Seeliart
the word; DutZbp, a spider; Welsh, Cop or (2) Around.
Attour his belte his lockis laie,
Copptn. In the North of England, the term Feltrid unfaire, or fret with frostis hore.
Testament of Creaeide, 162.
is applied to a peevish, ill-natured person, not
exclusively to the female sex, as Mr. Brockett ATTOURNE. To return.
seems to say. For there he wouhle no longer make snjourne,
But with Troyans to their lande att.ntrne.
ATTERLOTHE. Nightshade. It is the transla- Hardyntfs Clu-otticle, f. 14,
tion of morella in an early list of plants in MS.
HarL 978, f. 25. ATTOURNEMENT. A law term, defined by
ATTERLY. Utterly. SJcinner. Minsheu to be " a yeelding of a tenant unto
ATTERMITE. An ill-natured person. North. a new lord." See also Wright's Monastic Let-
ATTERN. Fierce ; cruel ; snarling. Glouc. ters, p.88 ; Holinshed, Chron. of Ireland,
ATTERY. Purulent. East. Irascible ; choleric.
West. Clearly connected with attry, veno- ATTRACT.
p. 102. An attraction.
For then their late attracts decline,
mous, q.v. Chaucer speaks bfattry anger in
the Persones Tale, p. 63. And turn as eager as prick'dHwiibra*,
wine. III. i. 605.
ATTERYNG, Venomous. (A.~S.) ATTRAITS. Flattery. SJcinner.
On face and hondis thei had gret nayles,
And grette homes and atteryng taylys. ATTRAP. To entrap. (Fr.) It sometimes means
Tundale, p. 6. to dress, to adorn. See Richardson, in v.
ATTEST. Attestation; testimony. The king accompanied with the Dukes of Somer-
An esperance so obstinately strong, set and Excester, and other of the line of Lan-
That doth invert the attest of eyes and ears. caster, determined clt-rely to set on the Duke of
Troiltis and Cressidat v. 2. Yorke and his confederates, and them by force either
utterly to vanquish, or by pollocy to attrap and
ATTEYNANT. Attainable; appertaining.
bring to confusion. Hall, Henry VI. f. 92.
To joyne suchea works, or it to rectify,
To me it semeth so farre sette awrye, ATTRIBUTION. Seems to be used by Shake-
In tyme of yeares, to other dyscordaunte, speare, Henry
1 IV. iv. 1, for commendation.
That to ray dulle wytte it is not atteynant. ATTRID. Poisoned. (A.-S.)
Fabian's Chronicle, proL Archars with avows with attrid barbis.
ATTEYNT. Convicted. MS. Aahmule 44, f. 42.
At London thei wer atteynt, decre" was mad for thate. ATTRITION. Grief for sin. arising only from
Langtitfes Chi onicle, p. 122. the fear of punishment. See Tyndall, quoted
ATTICE. A carpenter's tool ; an adze. Somerset. by Richardson, inv.
ATTINCTURE. Attainder.
In what case the righte of the matter was theire,
ATTROKIEN. To fail. (A.-S,}
I nelle noujt fastindc late him go,
and whether anye attincture, statute, or alyenaciou, That heo beon over-come,
were made by anye of the auncesters of this gentle- And attroTcien bi the weiefor feblesse,
man, by which his ryghte were extincte.
4rchcBologia, xxviii. 128. That honger hem habbe f-uome.
JUS. Laud, 108, f. I.
ATTIRES. The horns of .a stag. Skinner says, ATTRY. Venomous ; poisonous. (A.-S.)
" cornua cervi adulta, q. d. cervi ornamenta." He shal hem smyte and do to liyt ;
ATTLE. Rubbish, refuse, or stony matter. A He shal hem jyve ful attry dynt.
mining term. Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. frin. Cantab, f. 131
With iren, fuyr, or attri beest,
ATTOM'D. Filled with small particles ; thick.
Whereas mens breaths doe instantly congeals, How that ever thei may hardest. Ibid, f, 132.
And attom'd mists turne instantly to hayle, ATTUR. Hotter.
Drayton's Poems, p. 264. As owre the glede atiur ys feyre.
A.TTONE. Altogether.
And his fresh blood did frieze with fearefull cold, ATTWEEN. Between, MS.Var.Cantab,
dial Ff. 1. 6, f. 62,
That all his sences seem'd berefte attone. dttween too thecvys nayled to a tre.
The Faerie Queene, II. i. 42.
Lydgttte't Minor Puema, p. 365*
 109
ATW AUD
ATTYSE. To entice. is theft of body and of soule, and it is like to homi-
Servauntes, avoyde the company cide, for it kerveth atwo and breketh atwo hem that
Of them that playe at cardes or dyse ; first were made on flesh. Personet Tale, p. 104.
For yf that ye them haunte, truely ATWOT. Twitted; upbraided.
To thefte shall they you soone attyse. The loverd let make a gret fere,
Anc. Poetical Tracts, p. 11. And let of-sende a neyghebour,
ATUGON. Drawn. Verstegan. Ich understonde a god harbour,
AT-UNDERE. In subjection. And set his wif forth fot-hot,
Prayes hym for the pes, and profyrs fulle large And hire misdedes hire attvot.
Sevyn Sages, 18/fc
To hafe pete* of Morte
the Pope, that put
Arthure, MS. was at-undere.
Lincoln, f. 87. The soudan cleped hem fot-hot,
AT-VORE. Before. Rob. Glouc. And his sones deth hem atwot.
GyofWarwike, p. 29$ j
AT-WAPED. Escaped.
What wylde so at-waped wyjes that schotten, AT-YANCE. At once. North.
Watz al to-raced and, rent, at the resayt. ATYL. (1) Furniture; attire. See the example
Syr Gawayne, p. 44. from Robert of Gloucester, quoted under
A-TWAYN. la two ; asunder. See Southey's dseynt.
notes to the Morte d' Arthur, ii. 472. (2) To array ; to accoutre. (A.-N.)
And clef ys body evene a-twayn So that, at certeyn day y-set, to thys batayle hii come,
With that stronge spryng. A lute wy thoute Parys, atyled wel y-nou.
JUS. Ashmole 33, f. 30. Rob. Glouc. $. 184.
A-TWEE. In two. North. A-TYME. On a time.
ATWEEL. VerywelL North. A-tyme, to speke myd hys moder, to Engelond he coin,
ATWIN. (1) Asunder ; in two. Suffolk. See An gret folc of Normandye myd hym hyder he nome.
Rob. Glouc. p. 326.
Ritson's Anc. Pop. Poet. p. 65 ; Sir Tristrem,
pp. 152, 271 ; Chaucer, Cant, T. 3589. ATYR. Attire; ornaments. (A.-N.}
She and her sonne was departed atwin» Theo atyr was therein so riche,
For he and she were to nye kynne. In al this world nys him non hche.
Kyng Alisaundej; 7^fl?
Syr Deg-ort, 980.
(2) To part asunder. AU. All. North. Tusser, p. 174, has Au for
Thefurste payne of the seven, August, probably for the sake of the rhymef
That je me herd byfore neven, though perhaps from Fr. Aont.
Ys thegrete drede that the soule ys inne, AUBADE. A serenade. Minsheu, (Fr.}
Whan the bodye and y t schal a~twynne. AUBERK. A hawberk.
MS. Laud. 486.
Auberkt aketoun, andscheld,
AT-WIRCHE. To work against; to do evil Was mani to-broken in that feld.
work to. Arthour and Merlin, p. 221,
Al that trowe on Jhesu Crist, AUCEY. So the first folio of Beaumont and
Thai fond at-wirche ful wo.
Seynt Mergrete, p. 103.
Fletcher reads, in the Coxcomb, iv. 4. The
second folio reads awJceward — " What awke-
ATWIST. setshirDisagreement. North.
e itis used for twisted. In Somer-
ward words they use beyond the seas !"
AT-WIST. Knew. Mr. Dyce reads sawcy [saucy?] in his edition,
Another dai Clarice arist, iii. 187. The reading of the second folio must
And Blauncheflour at-wiat be preferred to conjectural emendation, but
Whi hi made so longe demoere. aucey may be right, and some form of auk, q. y,
Hartshorne's Met. Tales, p. 105, AUCTE. Property.
And thou in thine halle me sle, To-morwen shal raaken the fre,
For traisottn it worth at-tvist the. Andewcte the yeven, and riche make.
Gy of Warwike, p. 25 1. Have?oJc,531.
ATWITE. To twit; to upbraid. (4-&) See Hob. AUCTORITEE, A text of scripture, or of some
Glouc. p. 33; State Papers, iii. 23. In our celebrated writer. (Lat.) See Notes io Rish-
second example it is used for the participle. anger's
See Atwot. But, Chronicle,
dame, here p. 111.riden by the way,
as we
Sir steward, that was ivel y-smite, Us nedeth not to speken but of game,
In unworthschip it worth the attvite. And let stuctoritees in Goddes name
Gy of WarwiJce, p. 152. To preening, and to scole eke of clergie.
He was wroth, ye schul here wife, Chaucer, Cant. T. 6858,
For Merlin hadde him attvite. AUCTOUR. An author. (Lat.}
ArtJiottr and Merlin, p. 341. By witte of man, al thynge that is contryved
ATWIXE. Between. See Amis and Amiloun, 865. Staudithe in proporcioune, plainly to conclude.
How first thesparke was kyndled of envie In olde auctows lyke as it is discryved,
Atwixe Grekys and hem of Troye town. Whether it be depnesse or longitude.
MS. XHgby 232, f.2. Lydgatfs Minw Poenut p. 80.
ATWIXT. Between. Suffolk. Seethe Faerie AUCYNTURE. A cincture.
Queene, I. viii. 13. The Prompt. Parv. gives And also holy watyr uppon the sonday in dede
atwyxyne, ate#yn,aiid atwyxt; wA atwixin Gevyn by the prelst that of thehathe cure,
occurs in Troilus and Creseide, i. 418. .Yn tyme of node is for thy holy aucyntvre.
MS. Laud 416, f. 42.
ATWO. In two; asunder. Went.
Avoutiie is the gretest theft that may be ; for it AUDACIOUS. This word was not always use4
 AUG no
by our early writers in a bad sense, but fre- And ng
(4) Anythi as they
all. in(A.-S.)
; at were great aventure,
quently meant no more than liberal or com- They saw a drowmound out of mesure ;
v. 1. mendable boldness. See Love's Labours Lost, The drowmound was so hevy fraught,
That unethe myght Richard
it saylen Coer
aught.
de Lion, 2460.
AUD-FABAND. Aterm applied to children who
have copied the manners of elderly people.
That es at sayej a twelvemonthe and aright v? mo-
Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033, says, « a forward to
(5) Eight.
nethes salle thou lyfie, and thane he that thou trais-
or old-growing child, as children are said tez one salle giffe thee a drynke of dedd.
be aud-farand when they are witty or wise MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 40.
beyond their years, apud Boreales. also Kennett
his They ocupyede theMorte
empyreArthurs,
attghte MS.
scoreLincoln,
wynttyrs.
derives it from A.-S. Faran. See f . 56.
Glossary, ed. 1816, p. 72.
AUGHTED. Cost.
AUD-FASHINT. Grave; sagacious; ingenious. Bevis did on his acquetoun,
North. That had alighted many
Hearing, Chaucer. Ellis'sa town.
Met. Rom. ii. 111.
AUDIENCE.
AUD-PEG. An inferior sort of cheese, made of AUGHTENE. The eighth.
skimmed milk. North. One the aughtene day of thi byrthe here,
AUEN. Own. That the firste day f-s of the newe jere,
Qui suld I him servis yield ? Circumcysede in body walde thou be,
Al sal be at rayn auen weild. Alles the law was thaneMS. Lincoln
in sere A. i. 17, f. 190.
centre".
MS. Cott. Vespas. A. iii. f. 4.
AUFYN. The bishop at chess was formerly so Aftyr the aughtende day, whene undronne es rungene,
Thou salle be hevedede in hye, and with horsse drawene.
called, and is conjectured to be derived from Jtlorte Arthur e, MS. Lincoln, f. 58.
the Arabic al-fil, an elephant, that being the ATJGHTS. Any considerable quantity. North.
piece which took the place of the bishop in This is probably connected with aught, q. v.
the East. In the tract De Vetula, falsely
AUGHT-WHERE. Any^There. (A,-S.}
ascribed to Ovid, the following, pieces are men- As wolde God above that I had give
tioned as used in chess,— Miles et Alpinus, My blode andfleshe, so that I might live
Roccus, Rex, Virgo, Pedesque. See Ducange, "With the bones that he had aught-whcre a wife
in v. Alphinus } and Alfyn. For his estate, for soche a lustie life
So yn a day, as he pleide at the chesse, and by- She shouldm ledin with this lustie knight.
helde the kyng srtte yn the pley, somtyrae hy and Hypsipyle and 3£edeat 173.
somtyme lowe, among aufyns and pownys, he ATJGLE. To ogle. North. Kennelt gives this
thought therwithe that hit wolde be so with him form of the word in his glossary, MS. Lansd.
for he shulde dey, and be hid uudir erthe.
Gesta Romavorum, p. 61. 1033, f. 25.
And of awfym eke also
AUGRIM-STONES. Counters formerly used in
On hir syde she had two, arithmetic, and which continued to be em-
Wroght of a stone of grete fame, ployed long after the introduction of Arabic
Eliotropia was the name. MS. Fairfax, 16. numerals. In the Winter's Tale, iv. 2, the
ACJGENT. August; noble.
clown says, "Let me see; — Every 'leven wether
Hayle, cumly kyngis au&mtf tods ; every tod yields pound and odd
Good surs, I pray you whedder ar ye ment.
Sharp's Coo. Myst. p. 101. shilling : fifteen hundred shorn, — what comes
AUGGERES. Agues. the wool to? — I cannot do't without counters"
His astrelabre, longing for his art,
A man that is here y-hunge and lyght,
Tho never so stalworthe and whight, His augrim-8tonefit lay en faire apart
On shelves couched at his bcddts hcd.
And comly of shape, lovely and fayr,
His presse y-covered with a falding red,
Auggeres and ruelles will soon apayr. Chaucer, Cant. T. 3210,
J. de Wageby (Hampole), p. 5.
AUGHENE. Own. A kind of fish, mentioned in an '
AUGUELLE.
He covetyd noghte to dye, if it were plesyng ti: old document quoted in Davies's York Records,
theFadire ofhevene; and never the lessehis«w£7iene p. 124. Qu. AnyueUe.
Fadire wolde noghte here hym. AU GULKOC. This word occurs in some glosses
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 179.
from the Cambridge MS. of Walter de Bibbles-
AUGHT. (1) Possessions; property. (A.-S.) worth, printed in Keliq. A^ntiq. ii. 83. The
He highth hem aughtte and gret nobleys, French is un tret/n. Qu. Anyulkoc.
He schulden hit hele and ben in peis. AUGURIQUS. Predicting.
KffngAtisauwder, 6884, I beleeve the scruple those augurious people in
Havelok his sone he him tauhte, such kind of accidents have, would have made this
And hise two douhtres, and al his auhte. KaveloR, 2215. man have abandoned me to the fury of those cursed
animals.
(2) Possessed. See Langtoft's Chronicle, p. 126;
Sevyn Sages, 1336 ; Ipomydon, 1422. A Comical History of the WttrM in the Moar^ 105,9.
King Triamours elders it laught, ATJGURYNE. A fortune-teller.
King Darri sum time it aught* Gy of Warwifa, p. 313. And treuly I have seen of Paynemes and S »ra-
(3) Ought; owed. East. zines, that men clepen ttugwrynt*, that whan tfte
For mi lordes doubter sche is, ryden in armei In dy v«rse contrees upon oure er»e^
And ich his nori, forsothe y-wis, myes, be the flyenge of fonles thel wolde telJe ws ^h»
Therefore ich aught him trewethe bere. prenosticaciouns of thingea that frfi* aftre.
Gy of W&rwike, p. 7. ' ianets* p. I67>
 AUM 111 AUN
AUGUSTA. A cant term for the mistress of a AUMBES-AS. Ambes-as, q.v.
Ake i-hered beo swete Jhesu Crist,
house of ill-fame. See Ben Jonson's Works, H uy casten tmmbes-as. JJ/S. Laud. 1 38, f. 107
ed. Gifford, iv. 46. Stille, stille, Satanas !
AUHTEN. Eight. The is fallen aunbesa& I Jtfsr. Digby 86, f. 119.
Auhten jere Edgar regned kyng and sire ;
He lies in tcrabe in the abbey of Glastenbire. AUMBLE. An ambling pace. (A.-N.)
His stede was all dapple gray,
Langtoft's Chronicle, p. 36.
AUK. Inverted; confused. In the East of Eng- It goth an aumble in the way.
Chance]-, Cant. T. 12814.
land, bells are " rung au 7c" to give alarm of AUMBRE-STONE. Amber. Palsgrave.
fire ; and Palsgrave has, " I rynge auke- AUMBRY. A cupboard; a pantry. North
warde, je sonne abrausle." It was formerly Sometimes spelt aumery, or aumry.
the general custom to ring bells backward in Some slovens from sleeping no sooner be up,
cases of fire. See Gilford's Massinger, i. 236. But hand is in aumbrie, and nose in the cup
The older meaning is angry, ill-natured, as in Tueser's Five Hundred Points, 1573, ii.5.
the Prompt. Parv. p. 18 ; where we also have, AUMELET. An omelet. Skinner.
" awke, or wronge, sinister" This last sense AUMENER. A purse. (A.-N.)
is still in use in the North of England, and Than of his aumener he drough
Tnsser tells us that bad husbandry droops " at A little keie fetlse i-nough,
fortune so auke" See the FiveHundredPoints, Whiche was of gold polijhid clere.
1573, f. 58. An auk stroke is a backward Rom. of the Rose, 208?.
AUMENERE. An almoner.
stroke, as in Palsgrave, f. 18 ; Morte d' Arthur,
i. 148, 284. Brockett says that the word is Seynt Jone, the awnenere,
applied to a stupid or clumsy person in the Ssyth Pers was an okerere.
1T& Hart. 1701 ,f. 37.
North of England.
3e that Jiste has to lyth, or luffes for to here AUMER. To east a shadow over ; to shadow.
Off elders of aide tyme, and of theire awJce dedys. The substantive is spelt aumerd. It cor-
Marrte Jtrthure, MS. Lincoln, f. 53. responds tothe old word umlre. Craven.
AUKERT. Awkward. Var. dial AUMERE. A purse. Tyrwhitt considers this
AUL. An alder. Herefordsh. The following is to be a corruption of aumener, q. v.
a country proverb : Were streighte glovis with aitmere
When the bud of the aul is as big as the trout's eye, Of silke, and alway with gode chore
Then that fish is in season in the river Wye. Thou yeve, if that thou have richesse.
Hum. oftJie Rcse, 2271.
AULD. (1) Old. Var. dial AUMONE. Alms- Skinner.
(2) The first or best, a phrase used in games.
AUMOUS. Quantity. When a labourer has
" That is the auld bowl." East. been filling a cart with manure, corn, &c. he
(3) Great. North. It is used in the same man- will say at last to the carter or waggoner,
ner as old in the Merry Wives of Windsor, i. 4.
" Haven't ya got your aumous." Line.
See Pegge's Anecdotes, p. 100.
AULD-ANE. The devil. Nortk. Perhaps the AUMPEROUR. An emperor.
The aumperour Frederic and the king Philip of France/
more usual term is Auld-NicJc.
Alle hii wende to Jerusalem to do gode chaunce.
AULD-LANG-S YNE. A favourite phrase in the Rob. Glow. p. 486.
North, by which old persons express their re- Ore Lo-verd wendemid is desciples
col ections offormer kindnesses and juvenile Into Philipes londe ;
Cesares brothur the aumperovr
enjoyments, in times long since past, — immor-
Gan is desciples fonde, JUS. Laud. 108, f. 1.
talised bythe song of Burns, " Should auld AUMPH. Awry; aslant. Salop.
acquaintance be forgot." See Brockett, in v.
AULD-THRIFT. Wealth accumulated by the AUMRS. A cupboard. North.
successive frugality of along race of ancestors. AUMRY-SOAL. " A hole," says Kennett, MS.
North. Lansd. 1033, " at the bottom of the cupboard."
AULEN. Of alder. Herefordsh. I laid um here, under the awmry-soal.
Yorkshire Dialogue, p. 44.
AULN. A French measure of 5 ft. 7 in. said by
Lewis to be used in Kent. AUMS-ASE. Literally, two aces, the lowest
AUM. (1) An aim. Palsgrave, f. 18, has, "Aume throw in the dice. It seems, however, from a*
curious extract in Collier's Hist. Dram. Poet,
or naarke, esme." ii. 314, an old game at dice was so called.
(2) An elm. North.
(3) Allum. North. AUMUS. Alms. North. Thoresby, in his"
AUMA. A sort of pancake. This is given by Letter to Ray, 1703, spells it awmoss.
Boucher as a Herefordshire word, but it seems AUNCEL. A kind of land-sale weight, prohi-
to be now obsolete. bited by statute on account of its great uncer-
AUMAIL. To enamel. It is a substantive in tainty. See Brit. Bibl ii. 512. In the fol-
Syr Gawayne, p. 11. lowing passage from Piers Ploughman, Mr.
AU bar'd with goldeft bendes, which were entayld "Wright's manuscript reads auncer, which
With curious antickes, and full fayre aumayld, can hardly be correct. "Awncell weight, as
Fhe Faerie Qusene, II. iii. 27.
I hare been informed," says Cbwell, Interpre-
AUMAIST. Almost North. ter, 1658, * is a kind ef weight with scafes
 AUN 112 AUR
hanging, or hooks fastened at each end of a AUNTE. Instead of "up here aunte," the
staff, which a man lifteth up upon his fore- Heralds' College MS. reads, " to-gedere."
finger or hand, and so discernelli the equality Heo gederede up here aunts here ost aboute wyde,
or difference between the weight and the thing And destruyde hire londes eyther inRob. his Glouc,
syde. p. 37.
weighed ;" and he afterwards adds, " a man of
good credit once certified mee that it is stil AUNTELERE. A stag's antler. See Twety's
treatise on hunting in Reliq. Antiq. i. 151.
used in Leaden-all at London among
"butchers." AUNTER. (1) An adventure. (A.-N.} North.
Ac the pound that she paied by Rider makes it synonymous with Jiap or
Peised a quatron moore chance. In the provincial glossaries, it is
Than myn owene auncer, sometimes explained, " needless scruple, mis-
Who so weyed truthe. Piers Ploughman, p. 90.
chance, misadventure." See Attele.
Ancestors. According to Mr. (2) To adventure; to venture. (A.-N.)
AUNCETERES. See
Hunter, this word is not quite obsolete in the Piers Ploughman, pp. 382, 435, 471; Gesta
West Riding of Yorkshire. Skelton, i. 128, has Romanorum, p. 35.
auncetry for ancestry. I wol arise and auntre it, byChaucer,
my fay.Cant. T. 4207.
So schaltow gete god los and gretli be menskked,
As han al thin aunceteres or thow were bigeten.
Will, and the Werwolf, p. 185. Be-forn his aunter he knelyd
(3) Ail altar. adoun.
Songs and Carols, St. xi.
An hondreth wynter here before,
Myne aunsetters knyghtes have be.
Robin Hood, i. 10. AUNTEROUS. Adventurous; bold; daring.
AUNCIAN. Aged. " A castell aunterous" in Lybeaus Disconus,
The olde auncian wyf hejest ho syttez.
279, glossed formidable. The Prompt. Parv.
Syr Gawayne, p. 38. p. 19, makes it synonymous with doubtful, but
AUNCIENTES. Elders. the other meaning is found at p. 279.
Thay that were aunterous by-syde,
The preistes, judges, and auncientes bare chelf rule,
and governed the people as well as it would bee. In a cuntre1 fulle wyde,
Redman's Complaint of Grace, 1554.
Thay come thedir that tyde.
Sir Degrevante, Lincoln MS.
AUNCIENTY. Antiquity. SeeSkelton's Works, AUNTERS. Peradventure ; in case that ; lest ;
i. 74, ii. 415; Cooperi Thesaurus, in v. Aetas.
Antiquitas. probably. North.
What auncientye than, is theyr Portuis and masse AUNTERS OME. Daring ; courageous. North.
booke of. The Burnynge of Paules, 1563. This is of course from aunter, q. v.
AUND. Owned. North. AUNTRE. On the contrary ; on the other hand.
AUNDEIRYS. Andirons. In the inventory of Auntre, they swore hym hool oth
To be hys men that Richard
wer there.Coer de Lion, 3878.
effects belonging to Sir John Fastolfe, "ij.
staundyng aundeirys" are mentioned. See AUNTREOUSLICHE. Boldly; daringly. (A.-N.)
Archseologia, xxi. 269. Al auntreousliche ther he comen wes.
AUNDER. Afternoon ; evening. According to Gy of Wanoike, p. 83.
Carr, this word is nearly extinct in Craven ;
Grose says it is used in Cheshire; and AUNTROSE. Doubtful ; dangerous. (A.-N.}
Thanne seide Alisandrine, auntrfise is thin evel,
Hartshorne gives it as a Shropshire word. It Ful wonderliche it the weves, wel I wot the sothe.
seems derived from uncfern, q. v. Jamieson Will, and the Werwolf, p. 34.
says that omtren in Scotland is " the repast AUNTY. Aunt. Var. dial
taken
severalbetween dinner and aunders-meat
times mentions supper.'* Cotgrave
as an AU-OUT. Entirely. Craven.
AUP. (1) A wayward child. North. It is pro-
afternoon's refreshment. See his Dictionarie, nouneed Aups in Craven, but the word is not
in v. Gouber, Gouster, Recine, Ressie.
AUNDIREN. An andiron, q. v. Palsgrave, f. in general use in Yorkshire.
18,With
translates " aundyren" by Gij,
chenet* (2) Up.
AURE. West. [Avre?]
Over.
that aundiren he thret Sir
And with gret hate sikerly. Gy of Warwike, p. 250. His gloves and his gamesuns gloet as the gledes,
A-rayct cure with rebans, rychist of raye.
AUNGE. An angel. (A.-N.) Robson'* Met. Rom. p. 15.
Eche day therwith je xal be content ;
AURE AT. Golden; gilt. Hence, good, ex-
Aunge alle howrys xal to 5ow apere. Cov. Myst, p. 88.
AUNT. A woman of bad character; a pro- cellent. See Skelton's Works, i. 11, 77;
curess or a bawd. This sense is common in Lydgate's Minor Poems, p. 250; Percy's
early plays, although aunt and wide were the Reliques, p. 26.
Thys boke was written with letters aweat,
usual appellations given by a jester or fool to Perpetually to be put in memory.
all elderly persons, without implying any im- ^(shmole's Theat. Chem. Brit. p. 257.,
proper meaning, a custom, according to AURE-HIET. Overtook.
Pegge, generally pursued in Cornwall. In He prekut oute prestely,
a Midsummer Night's Dream, ii. 1, the term And aure-hiet him radly,
attnt seems to be applied to an old woman, or And on the knyjte conne cry.
gossip, not necessarily in the bad sense, as the And pertely him reproves,
commentators tell us. Rob&on't Met. JRom. p. Of
 113 AUV
AUT
AVRIFIED. Made pure as gold. (2) All the ; out. North.
Fined also and made full pure, AUTECER. Parent; ancestor. See the Co.
And aurified be at the last. ventry Mysteries, p. 88. Should we read
Ashmole's Theat. Chem. Brit, pu 389. anceter ?
AURRUST. Harvest. Wore. AUTEM. A church, in the canting language.
AURSELS. Ourselves. North. There are several compounds of this word, as
AURUM-MULICUM. A composition occasion- autem-mortj a married woman. See Dodsley's
ally mentioned in early documents relating to Old Plays, x. 372.
the arts, and fully described in the following AUTENTICKE. Authentic. Chaucerhasit as asub-
Here may thou lere to make aurum muHcum. stantive. See Thynne's Animadversions, p. 4'8.
AUTENTIQUALL. Authentic.
Take a viole of glas, and cute it wele, or a longe Now for the third parte touchyng recordes and
erthen pot; and take j. pounde of salt armonyac, registres, wee have them soformall, soautentiquall,
and j. li of sulfure, and j. li of mercurie cru, and so seriously handeled. Hall, Henry VIII. f 253.
j. U of tyn ; melte thi tyn, and caste thi mercurie AUTEOSE.
therm, and then alle that other, and grynde alle The flowre is of a gode lose,
these thinges togidere upon a ston, and then put alle That men calleth auteose. Reliq. Antiq. i. 195.
in a fiole, or in an erthen pot, and stoppe al the AUTER. An altar. Worth.
inothe save also mochel als a paper lefe, or a spoute Thanne he havede his bede seyd,
of parchemyn may stonde in ; and then set it on the His offrende on the outer leyd. Havelok, 1386.
fyre in a forneie, and make furste esy fiere, and
afturwarde goode fire, the mountance of ij. cures, AUTERS. Explained, " strange wort, or strange
til that thou se no breth come oute of the glas; things," in the Clavis at the end of the York-
and then take it of the fire, and breke the glas. shire Dialogue, p. 89. It is probably an error
MS. Sloane 2584, f. 5. for anters, the genuine early form ofthe word.
AURUM-POTABILE. AUTHENTIC. Regularly bred; fashionable.
And then the golden oyle called aurum-potaWe, Nares says it " seems to have been the proper
A medicine most mervelous to preserve mans epithet for a physician regularly bred or
health. Ashmole's Theat. Chem. Brit. p. 422. licensed." See All's Well that Ends Well,
AUSCULTE. To raise up ; to exalt. The MS. ii.3.
Bodl. 175, reads "exhalt" in the following AUTHER, Bot harder Either.
the devel bites tham
Ausculte you not to excelente, That gud dedes has wrojt,
Into highe exsaltacion. Chester Plays, L 10. If thai ever afterward fal in,
Avther in dede or thojt.
AUSE. (1) To try ; to essay ; to promise favour- MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f 81.
ably, e. g., " He auses well saying's as how AUTOMEDON. The charioteer of Achilles, and
he's a young un." Salop. See Aust. hence some of our early dramatists have ap^
(2) Also. Gil gives this as a Lincolnshire word
in his Logonomia, 1619. plied the name generally to coachmen. See
And some beyonde us twentie or thirtie lange miles, Beaumont and Fletcher, ed. Weber, xiv. 53.
that make pure shift in thecitie, and in the countrie AUT-OPON. Out upon! An exclamation ex-
ause. Bullein's Dialogue, 1573, p. 4. pressive of disapprobation. North.
AUSIER. An osier. Suffolk. AUTORITY. Authority. A provincialism, as
AUSNEY. To anticipate bad news. Somerset. well as the old form of the word. See the
AUSPICATE. Auspicious. Craven Dialogues, p. 330.
Enter and prosper, while our eyes doe waite AUTORS. Ancestors. (Lat.)
For an ascendent throughly auspicate. Y geve yow, Mede, withoute assoyne,
Herricfc's Works, ii. 146. Theo tour, and the cites of Babyloyne :
AUSPICIOUS. Joyful. So Shakespeare seems Tyre, Numen> and Pamphile,
to use the word in Hamlet, i. 2 : And into Ynde xx. score myle ;
With one auspicious, and one dropping eye. My riches, and my tressours,
AUST. To attempt. Warw. It is also used as And alle hath do myn autors. Kyng AliscMnd&r, 4519.
a substantive. AUTOXJR. An author. Chaucer.
AUSTERNE. Stern ; severe. In the Testament AUTRAGE. To outrage.
Let us se how well we can outrage,
of Creseide, 154, we have the form austrine
in the same sense. Maitland's Lambeth BooTcst p. 302.
But who is yond, thou ladye faire, AUTREMITE. Another attire. So explained
That looketh with sic an austerne face ? by Skinner. Tyrwhitt reads mtremite.
And she that helmid was in starke stouris,
Percy's Reliques, p. 75.
Thane the.burelyehe fceryne of Bretayne the ly ttylle And wan by force tounis strong and touris,
Shall on her hedde now werin autremite.
Counsayles Syr Arthure, and of hyme besekys Chaucer, ed. Urryt P. 164.
To ansuere the alyenes wyth austerene wordes.
Morte Arthure* MS. Lincoln, f. 56.
A.USTRIDGE. An ostrich. Cotgrave has, AUVE.
AUVERDRO. The helve of an axe. Salop.'
To overthrow. West.
" Austruche : an austridge, or ostridge." We AUVERGIT. To overtake.
Observations, p. 184. West. See Jennings's
have had Astridge, q. v.
AUT. (1) Ought. See Rob. Glouc. p. 452. AUVERLOOK. To overlook ; to bewitch ; to look
Weil -aw* I sinne lete, upon with the evil eye. West.
An aeb wit teres frete. Warton's Hist. EngL Poet. i. 24. AUVER-RIGHT. Right over ; across. West.
8
 AVA 114 AVA
AUVISARD. On the visor? He nold avalen neither hood ne hat,
Atte last he held him awrisard. Ne abiden no man for his Chaucer,
curtesie. Cant. T. 3124.
Gy of Warui'ike, p. 190.
AUVISE. Counsel; advice. (3) To loosen ; to shake. Lord Surrey has the
And seyde, Joseph, leve thy fantesye expression " with raynes avayled," explained
And thyn erroure, for it is folye loosened in "Warton's Hist. Eng. Poet. iii. 31,
Withouten auvise to deme sodeynelye. but our second meaning is perhaps the best.
Lydgate, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 5.
AUWAWNTAGE. Advantage? (4) To assault. Skinner.
AVALYD. Diminished.
The heghest worlde, that passes alle thyng, Grete feet and rounde, and grete clees, and the
Was made for mans endeles wonnyng ; foot a lytel avalyd, smale by the flankes, and longe
Fot ylk mane salle hafe thare a place, MS.BodL
sydes, a lytel pyntel and litel hangyug smale 546.
ballokes.
To wonne ay in joy that here has grace ;
That worlde was made moste for owre auwawntaget
For thaire sawlles to be owre ryght erytage. AVAN. Filthy ; squalid. A Northamptonshire
word, according to the Addenda to Junii Etym.
Hampole, North C. MS.
AWARDS. Awkward; athwart. North. See Anglic, in v.
AcTcwards. A beast is said to be auwards, AVANCE. (1) To advance; to profit. (A.-N.)
when it lies backward or downhill, so as to be See Chaucer, Cant. T. 246 ; Troilus and Cre-
unable to rise ; a circumstance often happen- seide, v.1434; MS. Ashmole 39, f. 12.
ing with sheep that are heavy in the wool. Sir Philip the Valayse
AU3T. (1) Ought. May him noght avance,
Floure of hevene, Ladiand Quene, The flowres that faire war
Er fallen in Fraunce. Minors Poems, p. 39,
As sche autf wel to b<Jne. MS. Addit. 10036, f. 62.
(2) Owed. The version printed in Collier's (2) Advancement.
He ordaineth by his ordinaunce
Shakespear e's Library,
The worsehipe therof whiche reads " owhte."
p. 273,I autfe, To parishe pricstis a powere,
To anothir a gretii avaunce,
Unto the god I there betai^te.
Goiver, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 234. A gretir point to his mistere.ed. Urry, p. 180.
Chaucer,
(3) Possessions; property. (3) The herb barefoot. It was used in cookery,
Bitwene his childre he delt his au^t ,
His londe to Isaac he bitaujt. as in a recipe in the Forme of Cury, p. 13,
Cursor Mundi,MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 22. which the original, MS. Addit. 5016, seems to
(4) High. Rob. Glouc. read avante. See Reliq. Antiq. i. 55 ; Prompt.
AVA'. At all. North. Parv. pp. 17, 266; Tusser, p. 118 ; Warner's
AVAGE. A rent or duty which every tenant Antiq. Colin, p. 5. Markham, in his Countrie
of the manor of Writtel, in Essex, pays to the Farme, ed. 1616, p. 182, says " costmarie and
lord on St. Leonard's day, for the liberty of avens are verie pleasant hearbes to give a sa-
feeding his hogs in the woods. Phillips. vour like spice in pottage and salads." See
AVAILE. Value; profit: advantage. SeeCocke also Topsell on Serpents, p. 62 ; Cooper, in v.
Lorelles Bote, p. 2 ; Dial of Great. Moral, Cariophillata; MS. Sloane 5, f. 11.
p. 123 ; Towneley Mysteries, p. 150. AVANCEMENT. Advancement.
AVAITE. To await? Thorgh conseile of som of hise, refused he that present ;
The which ordeynede for a law, that what tymc Thei said, on other wise he salle haf avancemant.
there was any fyre in that cite, there shulde be a Peter Langtoft, p. 103.
bidelle y-ordeined for to avaite hit, and to make an AVANITTE. Thought ; will ; pleasure.
highe proelamacione in the cite. , God and grace es with thaim wroghte,
Gesta Romanorum, p. 52. That with swylke pride dyse gyse ther clothe ;
AVALE. (1) To descend; to fall down. (A.-N.) Never the lese ylk man may
Eftyr hys avanitte make hym gay.
Cf. Maundevile's Travels, p. 266 ; Holinshed, | R. de Brunne, MS. Bower, p. 24.
Hist. Scot. p. 91 ; Troilus and Creseide, iii.
627 ; Chaucer, ed. Urry, p. 394 ; Debate be- AVANSE. To escape from.
For any cas that may be-tyde,
tween Pride and Lowliness, p. 9 ; Skelton's Schallnon therof avanse.
Works, i. 85. The Cohwolffs Daunce, 165.
Then the seneschall smot his hors with his spurris,
and corne to theym, for the see was availed and AVANTAGE. Advantage. (A.-N.)
withdrawn. MS. Digbyt 185. As sooth is sayd, elde hath gret avantags
In elde is bothe wisdom and usjage.
(2) To lower; to let down. (A.-N.) This
term is often applied to the letting down Cfezwc^r, Cant. T. 24491
the front of the helmet, or the visor only with- AVANT-CURKIEKS. Horio has " Etesii, windes
blowing very stiffely for fortie daies together
out the ventaile, as in Robson's Met. Rom. from the east, just about the dog-daies, called
p. 15 ; Morte d'Arthur, i. 152. Hence the of mariners the Avant-eurriers."
phrase " to vale the bonnet," to lower the AVANTERS. Portions of the numbles of a deer,
bonnet, or take off the hat ; and, figuratively,
which lay near the neck. See Syr Gawayne,
to acknowledge inferiority. See Peter Lang-
toffc, p. 97. p. 50 ; Book of St".
And myifty tyrauntes, from here ryalle see AVANTMURE. TheAlban's, sig. B.ofiv.a town.
fore-wall
He hath avalid and y-put adoun, This term is given as English in Palsgrave and
MS. Sec* Antiq. 134, f, 4. Cotgrave* (Fr*}
 AVA 115 AYE
Rebuke him for that ilk of that avauntne.
AVANT-PEACH. An early kind of peach. Peter Langtoft, p. 194.
Skinner.
AVAUNTLAY. Under the old system of hunt-
AVANTTWARDE. The vanward of an army.
I salle have the av&nttwarde wytterly myselvene. ing it was customary to send one or two cou-
Morte Arthure, MS. Lincoln^ f. 56. ples of hounds, with a man, to several points
AVARDE. Afraid. (^.-£) where it was expected the game would pass.
When the deer or other animal came up these
AVAROUSER.Are no menMore avaricious.
avarouser than hii (A.-N.*)
Whan thei ben avaunced. hounds were uncoupled. See Sir H. Dryden's
notes to Twici, p. 44. Relay properly means
Piers Ploughman) p. 26.
any of these sets of hounds ; but avauntrelay,
AVARYSY. Avarice ; covetousness. May we or, more commonly, avauntlay, those which,
read an arysy ? when a hart was unharboured, were a-head of
Oure Lord sey to the edder tho, him. See further observations on this sub-
Fend, why dyde thou hym that wo ? ject in a curious work, entitled the Booke of
The fend ansuerd with avarysy,
Pore I had to hym envye. MS. Ashmole 61, f. 85. Hunting, 4to. Lond* 1586.
AVAST. A sea term, meaning stop, hold, AVE. (1) Have.
Therfore we must fight agayne hym, and we shhall
enough. It always precedes some orders or ave victorye, for he is but feble agayne them that
conversation. See Tooke's Diversions of Pur- wyl withstonde hym. Dial. Great. MoraLp. 97,
ley, p. 573 ; Skinner, in v. Tooke days that
Dr. Johnson's interpretations, which I have (2) Evening. The king therstode with his meiu£
here adopted, are erroneous, but such are its On a palmesonnes ave.
Arfhour and Merlin, p. 200.
ordinary uses by sailors. Johnson's etymology AVEARD. Afraid. West.
from Ital. and Span. Basta, is sufficiently
plausible. But an he have his legs at liberty,
AVAUNCY. To advance ; to raise. Cham aveard he will never live with you.
London Prodigal, p. 107.
For I thenke to avauncy myne,
And wel the more schal be here pyne. AVEATJNT. Graceful ; becoming. So also the
MS. Addit. 10036, f. 49. original MS. of Le Bone Florence of Rome,
AVAUNT. (1) Before. 128, reads ; which Ritson alters to avenaunt.
The morow came, and forth rid this marchaunt Ageyne hym came syr Otes the graunt,
To Flaunders ward, his prentishim. avaunt, A doghty knyght and an aveaunt.
Till he to Bruges came full merily. Le Bone Florence of Rome, 665.
Chaucer, ed. Urry, p. 140. Thys swyrde ys gode and aveaunt,
(2) Forward. (A.-N.) This was an ancient hunt- But I faghtwyth a gyaunt.
MS. Cantab, Ff. ii- 38, f. 244.
ing cry. See Sir H. Dryden's Twici, p. 45.
And with that worde came Drede avaunt, AVE-BLOT. A reckoning; a payment. Minsheu.
Whiche was abashed and in grete fere. AVE-BOORDS. Cotgrave has, " Aubes, the
Rom. of the Rose, 3958.
Sir Degrevant was thane sa nere. short boords which are set into th'outside of
That he those wordis myght here; a water-mills wheele ; -we call them ladles, or
He said, Avant, Tbanere !
And trompis on hight AVEDEN.
ave~boord$"Had.
Sir Degrevaunt, Lincoln MS. Quanne he weren alle set,
And the king aveden i-gre,t,
(i) A boast. (A.-N.} See Chaucer Cant. T. 227 ; He greten, and gouleden, and goven hem ille,
Reliq. Antiq. it 21. And he bad hem alle ben stille, HaveloTe, 163.
Than said Sir Degvevaunt,
Thou salle noght mak thine avaunt, AVEER. Property. (A.-N.)
That I salle be recreaunt, Ne thei don to no man otherwise than thei wolde
For frend ne for faa. that other men diden to hem ; and in this poynt thei
Sir Degrevaunt, Lincoln MS. fulle-fillen the ten commandementes of God : and
thei jive no charge of aveer ne of ricchesse.
(4) To boast.
This proverbe lerne of me,
Maundevilefs Travels, p. 292.
Avaunt nevyr of thy degree. Antiq. Rep. iv. 401. AVEL. (1) The awn or beard of barley. East.
(5) Dismissal. " To give her the avaunt," (2) To tear away. Browne.
Henry VIII. ii. 3. In the following passage it AVEL ACE. Explained by SMnner, " the rings
apparently means leave, departure, or perhaps or be
gymews of a bag;" but conjectured by him
to a mistake for anelace, q. v.
praise, boast.
Alle thay mad thair avaunt AYELONG. EUiptical ; oval. It is translated
Of the lord Sir Degrevaunt. by oblongus, in the Prompt. Parv.p, 17. Carr,
Sir Degi'evatint, Lincoln, MS. in his Craven Glossary, conjectures it to be a
AVAUNTANCE. Boasting. corruption of oblong, and a correspondent sug-
The vice cleptd avauntance, gests to me half-long / but the form awelonffef
With pride hath take his aqueintance. in the Middlehill MS. of the Promptormm,
Gower> MS. Sac. Antiq. 134> f. 54.
AVAUNTARYE. Boasting. seems to warrant Mr. Way's derivation fron?
And thus the worsehipe of his name, A.-S. Awoh. Major Moor says, ** Workmen
Thorow ptide of Ws avauntaryet —reapers or mowers — approaching the side of
*He turoeth into vilenye. a field not perpendicular or parallel to their
Qower, MS. Sec. Antiq. 134, f. 54. line of worlsv wiH feave an unequal portion to
 116 AVE
AVE
do — the excess or deficiency is called avellong that also of great barons, had the care of the
work." . provender for the horses. The following ac-
AVELY. In the Eastern counties corn is said to count of his duties is given in the Book of
for market, a por-
dressedto the
when adhere Curtasye, p. 25, and it has been also quoted
tion of theif,awns
"be avefyt grains. from the original manuscript by Mr. Stevenson.
The meyner schalle ordeyn provande good won,
AVEN. Promise ; appearance. Salop. Perhaps For tho lordys horsis everychon ;
connected with the old word avenant, q. v.
Thay schyn have two cast of hay,
AVENANT. Agreement; condition. (A.-N.)
(1) thine A pek of provande on a day ; >
Luf Mr efter avenant,
And sho sal be to the tenant. Every horse schalle so muche have
At racke a-nd manger thatstandes with stave J
Ytvaineand Qawin, 3765. A maystur of horsys a squyer ther is,
They may make to here avenaunt,
But over mesure ys nat cumnaunt. Aveyner and ferour undur i-wys.
hymschyn j"
Those jotnen that olde sadels have,
MS. Karl 1701, f. 22.
That schyn be last for kny5t and knave,
Becoming ; graceful ; agreeable. See War-
(2)ton's
For yche a hors that ferroure schalle scho,
Hist. Eng. Poet. ii. 229 ; Ywaine and An halpeny on day he takes hym to :
Undur ben gromes and pages mony one,
; Robson's
3885I were
Gawin, And Met. Rom. p. 12.
to the avenant, That ben at wage everychone ;
I wald be thi servauat. Som at two pons on a day,
Sir Degreottvmt, Lincoln MS, And som at iij. ob. I 5011 say ;
When she was fiften winter old, Mony of hem fotemen ther ben,
In al that lond nas ther non y-hold That rennen by the brydels of ladys schene.
So semly on to se , AYENSONG. Evening.
For sche was genti} and avenaunt, Fram afternone to avensong,
Hir name was cleped Belisaunt, So to knlghtes he was strong.
Arthour and Merlin, p. 178.
As ye may lithe at me.
Amis and Amiloun, 427. AYENT. Avaunt !
Avent, avent, my popagay,
f3) Accomplished; able; valiant.
The sowdan, that left yn Tervagaunt, What, will ye do nothyng but play ?
With hym he broght a fowll geaunt Rit son's Ancient Songs, p. 101.
Of Egypte ; he hette Guymerraunt, AVENTAILE. The moveable front to a helmet,
Greet as an ok ; which covered the face, and through which the
No dosyper nas so avenaunt
To stonde hys strok. Octonian, 923. wearer
The termrespired
is sometimes usedventus
the air, " qua hauritur."
for the whole
AVENANTLI. Suitably; well; becomingly. front of the helmet.
Ther were in eche bataile of burnes two thousand, His helm he setteth on is heved,
Armed atalle pointes and avenanttt horsed. And fastnede the aventaille.
mil. and the Wei-wolf, p. 136. MS. Ashmole 33, f. 3.
AYENAUNTLICHE. Beautifully. For, as he drough a king by thaventaile,
To seche thoru that cit6 ther nas non sich, Un ware of this, Achilles through themaile
Of erbes, and of erberi, so avenauntliche i-diht. And through the bodie gan him for to rive.
Pistill of Stisan, st. 1. Troilus and Creseide, v, 1557.
AYENCE. The feast of Advent, (A.-N.) See AVENTE. To open the aventaile for the pur-
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 215, where a wrong pose of breathing. See Le Bone Florence of
reading has apparently crept into the text, and Rome, 1941 j Torrent of Port. p. 66. (A.-N.)
I am not sure whether it should not be anence Thaidrewe foughter*
- in the same sense as anent, q. v. Thai them soo longe,
a litil that by a'ssente
bysyde,
A Htil while thaym to avente,
AYENE. An ear of corn. This is the form of And refreshed them at that tyde.
the word awn in the Prompt. Parv. p. 18. MS. Douce 175, p. 30.
" Avenes eyles" is translated by the French AYENTEKS. Chance. (A.-NJ
arestez, in Walter de Bibblesworth, Reliq. The bowmen, and eke the arblasters,
Antiq. ii. 80. Eiles we have already had an Armed them all at aventers.
example of in v. Ails, and it is translated by Richard Coer de Lion, 2188.
arista in MS. Lansd. 560, f. 45. AYEOTOTJK. (1) To venture.
Nil ich. me nothiug aventour,
(2) Evening. To purchas a fole gret honour.
Hi sul him and elde folow,
Both avene and eke a-raorw. Arthour and Merlin, p. 9.
Reliq. Antiq. i. 194.(2) An adventurer. Bokenham.
AYENG. Took; received. (A.-S.) AYENTRE. To throw a spear. (Itat.) Spenser
Vor the folc so thycke com, the wule he her loverd slou, uses the word, and Nares thought it was pecu-
Aboute him in ech alf, that among so mony fon liar to that writer.
He aveng dethes wounde, and wonder nas yt none. Thenne this one knyght aventryd z grete spere,
Rob. Glouc* p. 223, and otie of the x. knyghtes encountred with hym,
A-VENIMED. Envenomed. Taut this woful knyght smote hym so hard that he
His aimes alle a-venimed beth j felle o\er his hors taylle. Morte d' Arthur f i. 117.
That venim is strong so the deth. AYENTROUS. Adventurers. (A.-N.)
Gy of Warlike, p. 98. As dooth an heraud of armes
AVENOR. The person who formerly, in the Whan aventrous cometh to justes.
household establishment of the king, and in \ Piers Ploughman , p. 370,
 117
AYE
AVE
tioned several times under this name in tfc.fi
AVENTURE. (1) Adventure ; chance; fortune;
Liber Medicinae in the Library of Lincoln Ca-
See Morte d' Arthur, i. 289 ; Maundevile's
Travels, pp. 185, 282. thedral, if.280, 287, 307, e.g. " Take averoyne>
Aventure so hath turned his pas and braye it with bony and vyneacre, and
Ageynes the kyng his mas. drynke it." See also Archzeologia, xxx. 350 ;
KyngMisaunder, 7837- Pistill of Susan, st. ix.
(2) Perchance. AVERPENNY. Money contributed towards the
Ac aveHtwe, for the fyght,
This victoria is the y-ctyght. king's averages. See Nicolson and Burn's
Kyng Misaunder, 3922.
West and Cumb. ii. 609 ; Chron. J. de Brake-
AVENTURLY. Boldly. londa, p. 75 ; Skinner, in v.
AVERRAY. To aver ; to instruct.
Thissquier that hath brought this hede, Thou schalt write that y say,
The kyng had wend he had the dede,
And aventurly gan he gone. Mani man for to aven-ay. Arthour and Merlin, p. 45.
Torrent of Portugal, p. 52.
AVE RRUN GATE. To avert ; to prevent, (tat.)
AVER. (1) A work-horse. North. " A false I wish myself a pseudo-prophet,
aver," a sluggish horse, a lazy beast. See But sure some mischief will come of it,
Keunett's Glossary, p. 21. Unless by providential wit,
Alsua the sothe for to schewe, Or force, vreaverritncate it. Hudibras, I. i- 758.
* He lent thame averes to drawo.
Sir Degrevante, MS. Lincoln, f. 130. AVERSATION. Aversion; great dislike to.
(2) Peevish. Northumb. See Taylor's Great Exemplar, p. 61, quoted
AVERAGE. by Boucher, in v.
A course of ploughing in rotation. AVER-SILVER. A custom or rent so called,
North. Carr explains it " winter eatage," originating from the cattle, or avers, of the
and others the stubble, in which senses it seems tenants of the soil.
to be the same with averish, q, v. AVERST. At the first.
AVER-CAKE. An oat-cake. Averst byeth the hestes ten,
A fewa cruddes and crem, Thet loki ssolle alle men.
And an aver-cake. MS. Aruntel 57, f. 13.
MS. Rawl. Poet. 137* f. 25.
AVERTY. Mad; fiery. (A.-N.)
AVER-CORN. A reserved rent in corn paid to The respons were redy that Philip did tham bere.
religious houses by their tenants or farmers. A knyght fulle averty gaf tham this ansuere.
Kennett. According to Skinner, it means corn Peter Langtoff, p. 2GO.
drawn to the granary of the lord of the manor AVERT. (1) The place where the provender for
by the working cattle, or avers, of the the king's horses is kept. Skinner. Boucher,
tenants. in v. Aver^ considers it to be the stable. It
AVERE. Riches; property. (A.-N.} seems certainly to be derived from aver, and
The maistir of ther pedaile, that kirkes brak and brent, not from haver, oats, as Minsheu supposes.
And abbeis gan assaile, monkes slouhand schent,
Was born in Pikardie, and his name Reynere, (2) Every.
The iij.de tokene ys that auery meke man or
In suilk felonie gadred grete avere. womman ys not enhaunsydd, neyther have ony
Peter Langtoft* p. 124.
lykynge in preysynge. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 8,
AVERIL. April. North. AVE-SCOT. A reckoning; an account. Minsheu.
When the nyhtegale singes, the wodes waxen grene, AVESYLY. Advisedly.
Lef ant gras ant blosme springes in dveryl, y wene. Now and thow wolde wele and avetyly beholde
Wright's Lyric Poetry, p. 92.
AVERING. Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033, says, thi Lorde Jhesu, thow may f ynde that fr'o the crowne
of the hevede to the sole of his fete, thare was no
" When a begging boy strips himself and goes hole spotte lefte one hyme.
naked into a town with a fals story of being MS. Lincoln A. i. 17* f. 183.
cold, and stript, to move compassion and get AVET. Weight.
And ys avet more bi six and thritti leed punde,
better cloaths, this is call'd avering, and to goe that beeth to hundred and sextene wexpunde.
a avering." The stubble and grass left in corn
AVERISH. Reliq. Antiq, \. 70,
fields after harvest. North. AVETROL. A bastard. (A.-N.}
In these monthes after the cornne bee innede, it He asked what was his medicine ;
Beif and broth gode afine.
Is meete to putt draughte horsses and oxen into the
What than, was he an avetrolf
averish, and so lonnge to continue there as the meate
sufficeth, which will ease the other pastures they Thou seist soht, sire, be mi pol.
went in before. Arch&olagia, xiii, 379. Sevyn Sages t JC107*
AVERLAND. Land ploughed by the tenants AVEXED. Troubled; vexed. See Book of St.
with their avers, for the use of a monastery, Alban's, sig. B. iv. ; Dial. Great. MoraL p. 177.
or for the lord of the soiL The curious coincidence between part of the
Quod autem nunc vocatur aver*and, fuit terra following passage, and the well known lines in
rusticorum ejus. Chron. J. de Srakelonda, p. 75. Macbeth, ii. 2, has not yet found a notice in
AVEROUS. Avaricious. the editions of Shakespeare.
And also this tyme es ogayns averotts men, that As thus I lay avexed full sore
•ehynes and gifes na fruyte bot when it es roten. In suche thynges, as of right bythe agayne nature,
MS. Coll. Eton. 10, f. 3. I herde a voyce seyyng, sclepe
T odd's thow no more !
llluttratioru,
A.VEROYNE. The herb southernwood, men-
 AVI AYO
118
Avisely, who so takyth hede therto.
AVEYSE. Careful; wary. (^.-JV.) Jjydgate, MS. Ashmole 39, f. Si,
Also the kyng and his meigne',
Gladdest weren and aveyse. KyvgAlisaunde , 5261. AVISEMENT. Counsel; Advice. (A.-N.}
Ten schippes wer dryven, thorgh ille avisement
AVIETJ. To view. (A.-N.) Palsgrave has, " I Thorgh a tempest ryven, the schipmen held tham
avewe, I take syght of a thing." schent. Lan&toft's Chronicle, p. 148.
Thenglysshmen sawe them well, and knewe well
bowe they were come thyder to avtett them. AV7SINESSE. Deliberation. (A.-N.}
Notes to Minofs Poems, p. H7» And Mary fulle mekely listeneth alle,
AVIIS. Opinion. (A.~N.) And gan mervayle with gret avisines^e.
Lydgate, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 28.
And sethtben seyd hir aviis
Of God, that Loverd was and ever isse. AVISION. A vision. (^M)
Seynt Katerine, p. 179. A litel or he were mordred on a day,
His mordre in his av iston he say. Chaucer, Cant. T. 15320.
AVILE. To despise. The Heralds' College MS.
reads, " wiled holy chirche, that by righte was AVIST, A fishing. West.
AVIVES. A disease in horses, thus described by
And the Sonnenday of the Passion amansede all the,
free." Markham :
That avilede to holi chirche, that mid rijte was so fre, The horse having drunke much, or watered verie
Rob. Glow. p. 495, quickly after his heat and travaile, and upon it grow-
ing cold, and not being walked , doth beget the avives,
AVINTAINE. Have ich Speedily eni so hardi' (A.-N.}
on, -which doe but little differ from the disease called the
That dorre to Hamtoun gon, king's-evill, because as well in beasts as in man, the
To themperur of Almaine, king's-evill commeth of too much cooling of water,
Andsai her cometh, avintaine, the throat having beene heated, whereupon the horse
Al prest an hondred knighte, loos eth his appetite to eat, and his rest likewise, and
That fore his love wilen fighte his eares become cold.
Bothewith spere and with launce. The Countne Farme, ed. 1616, p. 13S»
Saves of Hamtoun, p. 107. AVIZE. To see ; to survey ; to observe.
AVIROUN. Around. (A.-N.) Then th/one herselfe low ducked in the flood,
Alse a wenfe liim to plaie Abash't that her a straunger did avise.
Aboute her in this contrai, Tfie Faerie Qwecme, II. xii, 66,
In this conrt^ aviroun, AYOCATE. To call from. (Lat.)
A mette with a vile dragoun.
The time of Sir Walter Raleigh's execution was
Beves of Hamtoun, p. 98. contrived to be on my lord Mayor's day, that the
ATIS. Advice. (A.-N*} See Chaucer, Cant. T. pageants and fine shows might avocate and draw
1870 ; Maimdevile's Travels, p. 180 ; Langtoft, away the people from beholding the tragedie of the
gallantest worthle that England ever bred,
p. The
32. kyng at his avys sent messengers thre. Aubrey, MS. Ashmole.
Langtoffs Chronicle, p. 285. AVOERY, The right which the founder of a
AVISAm Observing. (A.-N.) house of religion had of the advowson or pa-
The herbe she toke, well avisand tronage thereof, similar to the right of presen-
The lefe, the sede, the stalke, the floure, tation belonging to those who built, or en-
And said It had a gode savour, dowed, parish churches. In some instances
And was no common herb to find,
And well approved of uncouth kind. these patrons had the sole nomination of the
abbot or prior, either by direct investiture, or
aiaucer's Dreams, 1882.
delivery of a pastoral staff ; or by immediate
AVISE. (I) To observe ; to look at. (A.-N.) presentation to the diocesan j or if a free elec-
Heo heom avysed among theo play,
For he was nought of that con tray. tion were left to the religious foundation, a
Kyng' Alisaunder* 221. licence for election was first to be obtained
from the patron, and the election was to be
(2) To consider ; to advise -with one's self ; to
inform; to teach. "Arise you well," i.e. con- confirmed by him. Kennett, quoted in Boucher.
sider well what yon are about, is a frequent AVOID. To leave ; to quit ; to expel. Avoid 1
phrase in the old romances. In the sense of i. e. get out of the way, a word used at the
" to inform," it is used by Shakespeare, passing of any great personage through a
Merry Wives of Windsor, i. 4, where Mistress crowd, See Cov. Myst. p. 131. In the fol-
Quickly says to Simple, " Are you avis' d o* lowing passages it means the withdrawal of
that ?*' a provincial mode of confirming any dishes from the table. See also Harrison's
observation. See also the Towneley Mysteries, Description of England, p. 161.
pp. 61, 170. «« Aviseth you," Chaucer, Cant. Awoydes tho borde into tho flore,
T. 3185, look to yourselves, take care of your- Tase away tho trestes that ben so store.
selves. Cf. Const, of Mason, p, 38. JBoTce of Cwtasye, p. 33.
He avysed hym full wele. All the servyse of brede, messes of kytchyn, wyne,
Fro the hedd downewarde every dele. ale, wax, wood, that is dispended bothe for the kings
JUS. Cantab, Ff. ii. 38, f. 196. bourde, and for the hole messe, and other of, the
chaumbre, and as well the servyse for the king for
AVISE.Of werreCircumspect.
and of bataile (A.'-N.)
he was fulle avise, all night, as the greete avoydes at feastes, and the
Ther wisdom sold availe was non so trewe alshe. dayly drinkinges betwixtmeles in the kings chaumbre
Langtoffs Chronicle, p» 188. for straungers, and thereof to make trew recorde,
AVISEE. To look upon. Sftinner. and to bring it dayly to the countyn|r-lx>urde befor*
AVISELY, Advisedly. Liber Niger Domw #?£i* £#«>. IF", p. 3T
 AVO 119 AYO
For in this world nis doggefor the bowe,
AVOIDANCE. Expulsion; avoidance. See
That can an hurt dere from an hole y-knowe,
Prompt. Parv. pp. 19, 111 ; Wright's Monastic Bet than this sompnour knew a slie lechour,
Letters, p. 101. Or an avoutrer, or a paramour. Chaucer, Cant.T. 6954.
From spyttytige and snyftynge kepe the also,
AVOUTR.YE. Adultery. See Chaucer, Cant. T.
By prevy avoydanslet hyt go.
Constitutions of Alasonry, p. 38. 6888, 9309; Reliq. Antiq. i. 29 ; Hartstome's
AVOIDONS. In a general sense means, the va- Met. Tales, p. 170 ; Apology for the Lollards,
cancy of a benefice by death or removal of the p. 78, (jL-N.)
incumbent; hut in Monast. Anglic, ii. 198, And he begotyn in avoutrye,
Othir ellys barayn bastard born.
quoted in Stevenson's additions to Boucher, it MS. RawLPoet. 118.
signifies the profits during such a vacancy.
AVOIR. Property. (A.-N.) AVOW. (1) Avow; an oath. (A.-N.)
He sayd, sirs, in jour curnpany
A burgeis was in Rome toun,
A rlche man of gret renoun ; Myne avow make I. Rottson's Romances, p. 61.
And to mende my misse I make nayn avoive.
Marchaunt he was of gret avoir, Will, and the Werwolf p. 20
And had a wif was queint and fair.
Sewn Sages, 2205. (2) To allow ; to pardon.
Wold thou speke for me to the kyng,
AVOIR-DE-PEISE. Articles of merchandise He wolde avow me my slyngyng.
that are sold by weight. (A.-N.) Cowell says MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f- 53.
" it signifieth such merchandise as are weighed (3) The term avowed seems to he used in the
by this weight, and not by Troy weight." sense of covered, in Orpheo, ed. Laing, 325.
Hail be je, marchans, with jur gret padces
See the quotation under Bonsour. Tlie
Of draperie,, avoir-de-peise, and jur wol-saekes.
Reliq. Antiq. ii. 1?5. MS. Ashmole 61 reads amelyd in the same
AVOKE. To revoke ; to call away to some other.
See Rider, Richardson, and Boucher, in v. AVOWE. (1) The patron to a henefice. Cowcll
AVOKET. An advocate. (Lat.} WicUiffe. says the Avowe is «* he to whom the right of
AVONGE. To take. See Afonge. advowson of any church appertained, so that
So that atte lastc, wat halt yt to tellelonge ? he may present thereunto in his own name."
The kyng bygan and ys folc Cristendom avonge. \ See Ritson's Robin Hood, i. 42.
Rob. Glouc. p. 231.
(2) An And
advocate.
hendely they bysechith the
AVOOR.DIN. Aifording. Somerset.
AVORD. To afford. West. That thou beo heore avow&g
Becaze the bishop zent mun word, Forgeve heom, sire, thy maitalent;
A could not meat and drink avord. They woldo thy comaundeinent.
Peter Pindar, ed. 1794, i. 286, KingMisawider, 3360.
AVORE. Before. West.
(3)avowery,
Patronage.
q. v. The Heralds' College MS. reads
My ancestor To-Paii beat the first kettle-drum,
Avore hun, here vrom Dover on the march. Vorthoru awwe of him, the sonebigan thatstrif.
Rob. CXotic. p. 477.
Tale of a Tub, i. 2.
AVOREWARD. At first. AVOWERY, Patronage; protection. (^.-A7.)
And hii, wan hii were i-suore, other sixe toke. See LangtofVs Chronicle, pp. 180, 260. It
Gode fourme among hum, of the land to loke, also means cognizance, badge, distinction, as
And of the deserites, so that avorewitrd in the Archaeologia, xvii. 296.
The bissop hii chose of Bathe, Water GifFard, Y telle ou for sothe, for al huere bobaunce
And maister Nicole of EH, bissop of Wurcetre. Ne for the avoicene of the kyng of Ftaunce,
Rob. Giotto, p. 567. Tuenti score an t fy ve haden ther meschauuce.
AVOREYE. Before. Wright's Pol. Songs, p. 18£
ich bidde the hit by my sseld, AVOWT. A countenance. (4.-N.) Perhaps a
Aweye the wycked vend. MS. Amndel 57, f. 2,
A.VORN. Before him. West. is here the article, but the compound is again
found in the same form.
AVOTE. On foot. He weres his vesere with avowt noble.
Myd syx hondred kynjtes, and thre thousend men avotf, Morte Arthure, MS. JU'nco/n, f, 85.
Cadour, erl of Comwayle, ajen hym he sende.
Rob. Glouc. p. 168. AVO"WTER. Adultery.
Than the secound schal [Avowter^?]
be his wif bi resoun of
AVOUCH. Proof; testimony. Shakespeare has avowtej; and he schal be cursid but if he tak to her as
this and also avouchment in the same sense. to has wif. Apology for the Lollards, p. 78.
AVOURE. Confession ; acknowledgment. AVOY. (1) A cry used to call hounds out of
He bad him stand t'abide the bitter stoure
^>f his sore vengeaunce, or to make avowe cover. See Sir H. Dryden's Twici, p. 45.
Of the lewd words and deedes which he had done. (2) Avoid; leave; quit.
And in the dark forth she goeth
The Faerie Queene> VI. iii, 48. Till she him toucheth, and he wiothe,
AVOIJRY. An old law term, nearly equivalent And after her with his hand
to justification. Nares. He smote : and thus wlkn she him found
TherforeawaywJth these avourles i let God alone Diseased, courteously she said,— •
be our avowryef what have we do to runne liether
Awy, my lord, I am a maid ;
or thether, butonely to the Father of heaven ? And if ye wist what I am>
Learner's Sermons, ed. 1571, f. 84. And out of w.hat lineage I <^me,
AVOOTKER. An adulterer. (^.-JV.) Also an Ve would not be so salvage.
adultress, as in Prompt. Parv. p. 19. Gower, ap. Knight* ShaX< xi, 3^K
 AWA * l(j AWA
AvUIL. April. North. AWAITER. An attendant. In the ordinances
AVRORS. Frozen. West. for the household of George Duke of Clarence,
AVURN. Slovenly in dress. Beds. 1493, in " the estate, rule, and governaunce
AVY. (I) Vow; oath. of the seid prince in his ridinge, beinge de-
Thou base mad thy avy wyth xij . men for to fyjte, mention
Of al oure Bonder company the alre-beste knyjte. of from
is made parted " xij. esquiers housholde,"
his standing awaiters, and every
MS. Ashmole 33.
of them j. persone." See the Ordinances and
(2) A navy. [Aneavy?] Regulations, 1790, p. 98.
Ane avy of shippes tha spyed thame before, AWAKID. Awake. Somerset.
"Which when thay mett, tha myght well ken AW ALE. To descend. (A.-N.)
Howe thay were Troyanes and banished men ; The post ben grete and noujt smal,
Antyoner was lodesman, none wordier his place, How nmte the rofe awale ?
And Corenius graunde captayne of thole race ; MS. Cantab. Dd. i. 17.
There was great joye when eche other dyd boorde, AWANTING. Deficient to ; wanting to.
Sone was accordement, and Brute chosen lorde. Nothing was awantinghex that might conferre the
MS. Lansd. 208, f. 8.
least light or lustre to so faire and well-composed a
AVYEDE. Showed the way. (A.-N.) temper. Two Lancashire Lovers, 1640, p. 2.
Sir Arthure and Gawayne avyede theme bothene. AWAPE. To confound ; to stupefy ; to astound.
To sexty thosandez of mene that in theire syghte (A.-S.) See Kyng Alisaunder, 899, 3673 ;
hovede. Mortv Arthure, MS. Lincoln, f. 92. Troilus and Creseide, i. 316.
AVYNET. In the middle ages a collection of Fram this contek that were ascaped,
fables from Avienus was called an Avynet, Sore adrad and aw aped.
from ^Esop, an JEsopet, &c. Arthour and Merlint p. 120.
By the po feet is understande, And he allone awapid and amate,
As I have lerned in Avynet. Comfortles of eny creature. MS. Digby, 230.
Piers Ploughman, p. 243. AWARANTYSE. Assuredly. It is so explained
AVYOWRE. See an instance of this form of in a glossary in the Archaeologia, xxx. 404.
the word in the Plumpton Correspondence, AWARD. To ward off; to bear off. Rider has,
p. 192. " To award a blow, ictum infiibere."
A-VYSSETH. A-fishing. AWARE. (1) To be aware of the approach of
A-day as he wery was, and a suoddrynge hym nome,
And ys men were y-wend avysseth, seyn Cutbert to any And
one. riding towards Nottingham,
hym com. Rob. Glouc. p. 264. Some pastime for to spy ;
AW. (1) I. Northumb. So we have awm, I am; There was he aware of a jolly beggar,
awst, I shall ; awve, I have ; aw' thar sayj I As ere he beheld with his eye.
dare say. Ritson'a Robin Hood, ii. 123.
(2) Yes. Warw. (2) An exclamation for making attendants in
(3) Totally. Craven. large establishments prepared for the approach
(4) AIL North. of some one.
Listeneth now to Merlins saw, Come, saies hee, thou shaltsee Harry, onckle, the
And I woH tell to aw, onely Harry in England ; so he led him to the cham-
What he wrat for men to come, ber of presence, and ever and anon cryes out, Aware,
Nother by greffe ne by plume. roome for me and my uncle !
Warton, iii. 135. Armin's Nest of Ninnies, 1608.
(5) To owe. See the quotations given in Ste- AWARIE. To curse. (A.-S.)
venson's additions to Boucher, and below in Thenne spac that holde wif,
v. Awe. Crist awarie hire lif ! MS. Digby 86, f. 1(57.
Theves, ye be ded, withouten lesinge,
AWAHTE. Awoke. (A.-S.) See a quotation Awarid worth ye ichon. Gy of WarwiTce, p. 166.
from an early MS. in the Cottonian Library, in AWARN. To warn ; .to forewarn.
Stevenson's additions to Boucher. That all our friends that yet remaine alive,
AWAIT. (1) Watch; ambush. (A.-N.) Male be awarrid and save themselves by flight.
The leon sit in his awaite alway The True Tragedie, 1595
To sle the innocent, if that he may. AWARP.
Chaucer, Cant. T. 7239. Eld meTo awarpeth,
bend; to cast down. (A.-S.)

(2) To attend upon ; to watch. (A.-N.) That mi schuldren scharpith,

And this sire Urre wold never goo from sire And jouthe me hath let. Reliq. Antiq. ii. 210.
Launcelot, but he and sirLavayn awayted evermore AWARRANT. To warrant ; to confirm.
upon hym, and they were in all the courte accounted Yf reporte,
the Scriptures awarrant not of the mydwyfes
for good knyghtes. Morte d' Arthur, ii. 387.
Ther is ful many an eye and many an ere The authour telleth his authour, then take it in
Awaiting- on a lord, and he not wher. sporte. Chester Plays, i. 4.
Chaucer, Cant. T. 7634. AWART. Thrown on the back and unable to
But keepith wel your toum, how so befall, rise, spoken of cattle. North.
On Thorsday next, on which we awayte all. A-WASSCHEN. Washed.
Hoecleve'* Poems, p. 70. Seththe [thei] a-ioaeschen, I wene,
And so dely vered me the said book thenne, my lord And wente to the sete.
therle of Oxenford awayting on his said grace. Warton's Hist. Engl. Poet. i. 10*
Caxton's Vegecius, sig. S. v. A-WATER. On the water. See Piers Ploughman,
 AWE AWE
121
pp. 342, 388. Here it seems to be a phrase (2) To own ; to possess ; to owe. See Ywaine
implying disorder. and Gawin, 720 ; Robson's Met. Romances,
But If he had broke his arme as wel as his legge, p. 2 7, for instances of this last meaning.
when he fell out of hoaven into Lemnos, either Als I sat upon that lowe,
Apollo must have plaied the bone-setter, or every I bigan Denemark for to awe. HaveloJe, 1292
occupation beene layde a-water.
Gossan's Schoole of Abuse, 1579. (3) AnAwe
ewe.bleteth after lomb,
Lhouth after calve cu ;
AWAY. (1) A way. Coverdale translates
Bulluc ^terteth, bucke verteth,
Jeremiah, xliii. 12, "And shall departe his
Murie sing cuccu. Ritson's Ancient Songs, 1. 11.
awaye from thence in peace/' — (f. 43.)
(4) " For love ne for awe," Will, and the Wer-
(2) Past. " This week away." Beds. wolf, p,195, a proverbial expression not un-
AWAY-GOING-. Departure. See Bafflie's Let- common in the old English metrical ro-
ters, i.68, quoted inthenewedition of Boucher.
mances. See an instance in R. de Brunne. MS
If I recollect rightly, the word occurs in a Harl.l701,f.l8.
prose tract in the Thornton MS.
AWAY-THE-MARE. A kind of proverbial ex- AWEARIED. Wearied; tired.
Heere the nobles were of sundrie opinions : for
pression, apparently meaning, farewell to care. some awearied with the note of bondage, would
It occurs twice in Skelton, and other references
gladlie have had warres: other, having regaid to
are given in the notes, p. 162. The follow- their sons lieng in hostage with the enimies, would
ing example occurs in a poem attributed to in no wise consent thereto.
Skelton. Holinshtid, Hist, of Scotland, p. 90.
Away -the mar -e, quodWalis, AWE-BAND. A check upon. The word occurs
I set not a whitinge
with this explanation in the Glossographia
By all their writing. Doctour Doubbte Ale.
Anglicana Nova, ed. 1719, in v. but it seems to
AWAYWARD. Going away ; away.
be properly a Scotch word. See Jamieson, in v.
A-nijt as he aivayward was, AWECCHE. To awaken.
An angel to him cam. Joachim and Anne, p. 164. O frere ther wes among,
Faste awaywarde wold thou ryde, Of hereslep hem shulde awecche,
He is so fowle a wyghte. Wen hoe shulden thidere recche.
MS. Lincoln, A. i. 17, f . 103. Retiq. Antiq. ii. 278
His chere aweywarde fro me caste,
And forth he passid at laste. AWEDE. To become mad ; to lose the senses.
Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 39. (A.-S.) See Lybeaus Disconus, 395, 618, 957 ;
AWAY-WITH. To endure. See Isaiah, i. 13 ; Sir Tristrem, p. 297 ; Rob. Glouc. p. 162.
And wept evere as it wolde awede for fere.
Greene's Works, i. 135 ; Webster's Works, Will, and the Werwolf y p. 3.
ii. 112.
And told bothe squier and knight,
He was verie wise, modest, and warie, being no- That her quen awede wold.
thing delicat in his fare, nor curious of hisapparell. Sir Orplieo, ed, Laing^ 49.
He could awaie with all wethers, both hot and cold,
and indure anie paines. AWEIGHTTE. Awoke. (A.-S.)
HoUnsfted, Conquest of Ireland, p. 38. The kyng swoghened for that wounde,
And hastilich hymself aweighttet
AWBEL. " Awbel <fr ebelle tre," is translated And the launce out pleightte,
in the Prompt. Parv. by elonus, mdurnus. And lepe on fote with swerd of steel,
Although scarcely agreeing with the Latin And gan hym wereswlthe wel.
terms, it probably means the abele, or white Kyng Alisattndert 5858.
poplar, which is called elbel in the eastern AWELD. To govern; to rule. (A.-S.)
counties. Eld nul meld no murthes of mai ;
AWBLAST. An arbalest. This form of the word "When eld me wol aweld, mi wele is a-wai.
Rehq. Antiq. ii. 210.
occurs in MS. Bib. Keg. 17 C. xvii, f. 57. \ AWEN. Own. North.
AWCTE. Possessed.
Quanne that was sworn on his wise, Our Henry, thy awen chose knight,
The king dede the mayden arise, Borne to enherite the region of Fraunce
And the erl hire bitaucte, By trewe discent and be title of right.
Andal the londhe evere atocte. HavelcTe, 207. Reliq. Antiq. i. 228.
Bot to the kynge I rede thou fare
AWD. Old. North. \ To wete his awenne wille Sir Perceval, 320.
My Maugh did say this hay'l be nought, you'l see ; AWENDEN. Thought.
I find an awd ape now, hes an awd ee ! The Jewes out of Jurselem awe*den he were wode.
Yorkshire Dialogue, p. 55.
Reliq. Antiq. i. 144.
AWDRYES-DAY. St. ^theldrytha's day. See AWENSWERABLE. Answerable.
Paston Letters, ii. 248, quoted in Hampson's To use all pleasures in suche mediocrytie, as
Kalendarium, ii. 26. should be accordinge to reason, and awentiverable to
AWE. (1) Ought. See Towneley Mysteries, hones tie. ArchtBologiatyxvm.l5Q.
AWER. An hour. Lane.
pp. 24, 55 ; Robson's Met. Romances, p. 26. Wake on awyr for. the love of me,
I awe thurghe ryghte the to lufe ay,
And to love the bathe nyghte and daye. And that to me ys more plesaunce
MS. Lincoln, A, i. 17, f. 189. Than yff thu sent adj. kyngs free
Sen we are comen to Calvarie, To my sepuUcyr with grett puysschaunce,
Lat ilke man helpe now as hym awe. For my dethe to take vengeaunce.
Early Mysteries, WalpoleMS. Mind, Will, and Vndentanding, p. 19.
 AWH 122 AWL
AWET. Know. A-WILLED. Willed.
Bemey home we schall awet That had a>willed his wyll as wisdom him taughtt
Yeff Roben Hode be nerhande, Robin Hood, i. 93. Deposition of Richzrd II. p. ^
AWEYNYD. Weaned. AWING. Owing.
Manhode is y-com now, myne own dere sone, And, madam, there is one duty awing unto mr
It is tyme thow be aweynyd, of thyn old wone. part wherof was taken or my master deceased , whose
History ofBeryn, 512. soul God have mercy, and most part taken to your-
AWF. (1) An elf. North.
telfe since he died. Plumpton Correspondence, p. 41.
Some silly doting brainelesse calfe, AWINNE. To win; to accomplish a purpose.
That understands things by the halfe,
Say that the fayrie left this aulfe, See Reliq. Antiq. ii. 243 ; Hartshorne's Met.
Tales, p. 87 ; Sir Tristrem, p. 238.
And tookeaway the other, For al hire wrenche, and al here ginne,
Drayton't Poems, p. 171. The more love sche ne might atvinne.
(2) An idiot ; a noodle. North. Sevyn Sages, 1822.
AWFRYKE. Africa. AWIRGUD. (1) Accursed. Verstegan.
Lystenyth now, y schall yow telle,
As y fynde in parchement spelle, (2) Strangled; throttled.
Of syr Harrowee, the gode baron, A-WITB. To accuse. (A.-S,)
That lyeth in AtoffyTte in pryson. Be not to hasty on brede for to bite,
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 217. Of gredynes lest men the wolde
Reliq.a-wite.
Antiq. i. 157.
AWFUL. (1) Obedient ; tinder due awe of au- AWITH. (1) Ought.
thority. And if the prest sacre Crist wan he blessith the
We come within our awful banks again, sacrament of God in the auter, awitn he not to
And knit our powers to the arm of peace. blessith the peple that dredith not to sacre Crist ?
2 Henry IV, iv. 1. ApoUgyfor the Lollards, p. 30,
(2) Fearful; fearing. Rider.
AWGHT. Ought. (2) Away. This is Hearne's conjecture in a
Thefyerthe es for he es uncertayne passage in Peter Langteft, p. 99.
Whethyr he salle wende to joy or payne { AWKERT. Perverse ; stubborn ; obstinate ; xm-
Who so wyll of there fowre take hede, accountable. North. The adverb awkertly is
Hym awght gretly the dedehere to drede. also used. Awkward occurs in a similar souse
Hampole, MS, Bowes, p. 61. in Shakespeare :
AWGHTEND. The eighth. Was I, for this, nigh wrackt upon the sea,
The awghtend has this curssyng laght,
Als thei that deles wyth wychcraft, And twice by awkward wind from England's bank
Drove back again unto my native clime f
And namely with halowyd thynge, 2 Henry VI. iii. 2.
Als with howselle or cremyng, And undertook to travaile dangerous waies,
Hampole, MS. Bowesj p. 7.
Driven by aukward winds and boisterous seas.
AWGRYM. Arithmetic. Drayton's Forms.
Than satte summe, as siphre doth in awgrym, AWKWARDE. Backward. Shakespeare, Mar-
Thatnoteth a place, and no thing availith.
Deposition of Richard II. p . 29, lowe, and Drayton, have awkward for adverse
A-WHARF. Whirled round. winds. See Palsgrave, f. 83.
The emperour thane egerly at Arthurehe strykes,
And wyth quettyng a~wharf, er he wolde lyjt, Awkwwde on the umbrere, and egerly hym hittez.
Syr Gawayne, p. 82. MorteArthurc, MS. Lincoln) f. 77-
A-WHEELS. On wheels. Far. dial The term
is used by Ben Jonson. AWLATED. Disgusted. (^.-£)
Vorit the
nom,king was somdel awlated, and to gret despit
AWHERE. Anywhere. See SMnner's observa-
tions on this word in the fourth part of his That fram so unclene thinges eni mete him com,
Etymologicum, who says it means desiderium, And net it do out of is court, and the wrecches
and hence Coles explains it desire. ssame do. Rob. Glouc. p. 485.
3y f thou madest awh&re any vowe AWLDE. Old. Somerset.
To wurschyp God for thy pro we. For he that knawes wele and kane se
What hymself was, andes, and salle be,
For yf my foot wolde awher goo, A wyser man he may he taulde,
Or that myn hod wolde ellis do, Whethyr he be gowng man or awlde,
Whan that myn herte istherajen, Than he that kan alle othyr thyng,
The lemenautit is alle in vayne. And of hymself has no knawyng,
Cower, MS. Soc. Avtiq. 134, f. 168. Hampole, MS. Bow^, p. 17.
I knowe ynough of this matter, Pamphagus, not AWLE. All. In Songs of the London Prentices,
thither aiohere but riche. Acolastus, 1540.
AWHEYNTE. To acquaint. p. 62, we read, " I'll pack up my awls and be-
Awheynte the noght withe ilke man that thou gone," apparently meaning all his properly.
metest in the strete, Bishop Kennett gives the following as an "old
Howe the goode Wif thaught hir Daughter, p. 9. Northern song over a dead corps." See also
AWHILE. Awhilst. It is used as a verb in the Antiq. Repert. iv. 453.
This ean night, this ean night,
some counties in the expression, "I can't Every night and awle,
awhile" i. e. I can't wait, I have no time. As Fire and fleet, and candle light,
a preposition it means, until, whilst. And Christ receive thy sawle.
WHOLE. Whole ; entire. Somerset.
, 1U33, in v. FZert.
 123 AWE
AWN
AWLUNG. All along ; entirely owing to ; all (3) To visit. " He never awns MS" i. e. he never
along of. North. visits or calls upon us. Yor&sfi.
AWLUS. Always. Lane. (4) Own. See Wright's MonasticLetters.p. 11 8;
AWM. A measure of Rhenish wine, containing Hall, Henry IV. f. 14.
fourty gallons, mentioned in the statute 12 Kyng Arthour than verament
Car. II. c. 4. Ordeynd, throw hys awne assent,
Thfe tabull dormounte, withouten lette.
AW-MACKS., All sorts ; all kinds. North. A The CoTctuolds Daunce, 50,
Yorkshire anecdote is told of a well-known
piscatory judge from the so-nth, who, taking an AWN'D. Ordained. Yorfah. Kennett, MS.
Lansd. 1033, gives the example, " I am awn'd
evening's walk on the hanks of the Ouse, fell in to ill luck, i. e. it is my peculiar destiny or
with a hoy who was angling, and asking him
what kind of fish he was angling for, the lad AWNDERNE. An andiron. Prompt. Parv.
fortune."
replied, "Aw-macks." The word was a poser AWNE. (1) The heard of corn ; the arista of
to his lordship, whc afterwards mentioning the
circumstance to some of his acquaintance, said Linnaeus. North. Ray has, " an awn or
he fancied before then that he knew the names heard, arista."— Diet. Tril. p. 7.
of every kind of fresh-water fish in the coun- 3onder, thai said, commes his awne sonne,
try, hut that he had tried in vain to find any (2) Own. That his aire sail be.
notice of awmacks- ItS. Cantab. Ff. v.48, f.91.
AWMBELYNGE. Amhling.
Now Gye came faste rydynge A~WNER. A possessor; an owner. North. Britton
On a mewle wele awmbelynge. gives this as an early form of altar. See his
Arch. Diet, in v.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 153.
AAYMBRERE. An almoner. Prompt. Parv. AWNSCHENYD. Ancient. Prompt. Parv.
AWN-SELL. Own-self. North. So also awn-
AVMBYR. A liquid measure ; a kind of wine sells, own-selves.
vessel. See Prompt. Parv. p. 19; Ducange, AWNTROUSESTE. Boldest; mostventuresome.
in v. Ambra ; Qu. Rev. Iv. 377. The awntrouseste mene that to his oste lengede.
AWME. (1) A suspicion. Mote Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f.70.
Thys tale was tolde on the Thursday, AWNTURS. Adventurous.
That they wolde redly come on the Fry day j He hath slayn an awnturs knyghte,
And also in that
And theroff had cete"
owre was saydean the
kynge same,
awme. And flemyd my quene withowten ryghte.
Arch<BQlogia> xxi. 62.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii, 38, f. 75.
AWONDER. To surprise; to astonish. See
(2) To guess. Palsgrave, in his Table of Verbes,
f. 156, has, " / awme, I gesse by juste measure Gy 12.
p. of Warwike,
Also, to p.marvel.
197; Will, and the "Werwolf,
to hytte or touche a thyng, je esme, prime On his shulder a crois he bare,
conjuga, and.;e prens man esme, fay prins mon Of him alle atvondride ware.
esme, prendre mon esmet conjugate inje prens, Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 112.
I take. I wyll awme to hytte yonder bucke in Of my tale ne beoth noght awondTed>
the paunche, Je esmeray, or jeprendray mon The Frenshe say he slogh a hundred,
MS. Arund. Coll. Arm. 58, f. 267.
esme
furtherde observations
f rapper ce dayn la, aword
on this lapance."
in v. Ame.See AWORK. On work ; into work.
And whenne he is entred his covert, thei oughte Will your grace set him aworJc?
to tarye til thei awme that he be entred two skylful Bird in a Gage> i. 1.
bowshotes. MS. Bodl. 546. These seditions thus renewing, emboldened the
AWMNERE. An almoner. See Amner. commonaltie (of London especially) to uprore, who,
The awmnere by this hathe sayde grace, set awwfte by meane of an affray, ranne upon mer-
chauntes straungers chiefly, as they are commonly
And the almes-dysshe hase sett in place ; woont to doo, and both wounded and spoyled a
Ther in the kerver alofte schalle sette ;
To serve God fyrst, withouten lette,, great number of them before they could be by
These other lofes he parys aboute, the magistrates restrained.
Lays hit rayd dysshe, withouten doute. PofydQre Vergil, ed. 1844, p. 98.
The smalle lofe he cuttes even in twynne, AWORTHE. Worthily. See Poems of Scottish
Tho over dole in two lays to hym. Kings, p. 25. The following example is taken
The aumenere a rod schalle have in honde, from an early copy of Sir T. More's Elegy on
As office for almes, y undurstonde ; Elizabeth of York.
Alle the broken-met hekepys, y wate, Comfort youre son and be you of god chere,
To dele to pore men at the 5 ate, Take alle aworthe, for it vrol be none other.
And drynke that leves served in halle, MS. Sloans 1825, f. €9.
Of ryche and pore, bothe grete and smalle ; AWOUNDED. Wounded,
He is sworne to o verse the servis wele, I was awounded ther ful sore
And dele it to the pore every dele j That I was nereded therfbre.
Selver he deles rydand by way, MS.Addit. 10036, f.37.
And his almys-dysshe, as I jou say, AWE. Our. North.
To the porest man that he can fynde, AWRAKE. Avenged. (A.rS.)
Other allys, I wot, he is trakynde. Thus the yong jknight*
BoJce of Curtasye, op. Stevenson, in v, For sothe y-slawe was thare;
AWN, (1) To own ; to acknowledge. North. Tristrem that trewse hight,
(2) To own ; to possess. North. Awrake him al with care Sir Tristrem, p. 304.
 AWT 124 AX
AWTHE. Sad?
AWREKE. To avenge. (^.-£) It is used for Pilgremes, in speche ye ar fulle awths,
the past participle in Rob. Glouc. p. 3£8, as That shalle I welle declare you why,
Mr. Stevenson has observed. See Rob. Glouc. Ye have it hart, and that is rawthe,
pp. 36, 136; Holinshed, Conquest of Ireland, Ye can no better stand therby,
p. 31. See Awroken. Thyng that ye here.
Quod King Richard: Sith it is so, Towneley Mysteries, p. 274.
I wote welt what I have to do : AWTHYR. Either.
I shull me of them so awrekQ,
Alle thase, he saycs, that com of Eve,
That all the world therof shall speke. That es alle mene that here behofes leve,
Richard Coar de Lion, 1771. Whane thai are borne, what so thai be,
And " mercy" thai criden him so swiche,
Thai saye awthyr a-a or e-e.
Hampole, North C. MS*
That he 5ave hem respite of her live,
Til he had after his baronage sent, AWTS. Oats. Lane.
To awreken him thourg5 jugement.
Flor. and Blanch* 654,
AWVER. Over. Somerset.
AWRENCHE. To seize. AWVISH. (1) Queer; neither sick nor well.
North. Qu. elfish.
He ne myjt no ferther blenche,
The dragon cowde so many awrencJie. (2) Elfish. Lane. It is often applied to a wag-
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f.114. gish fellow; but it is sometimes explained;
AWRETE. To avenge. This form of the word "silly, clownish." The adjective awvtehly,
occurs in Rob. Glouc. p. 361, where Mr. horribly, supernaturally, is also used.
Stevenson considers it is a mistake for awrece, AWWHERE. Everywhere; all over.
Now thynk me what payneis bodies suffir here,
to avenge. (A.-S.) Thorow maladies that greveth hem atowhere.
AWRITTEN. Written. Verstegan. Hampole, MS. f . 6.
AWRO. Any. AWYDE. Owed.
Is ther fallen any affray
The Archebysschoppe of Cawnterbury, the Erie of
la land awro -where ? Essex, the Lorde Barnesse, and suche other as
Towneley Mysteries, p. 273.
awyde Kynge Edwarde good wylle, as welle in
Avenged. See Morte d' Arthur, Londone as in othere places, made as many menne
i. 13. N.
AWROKE (A~S.) as thei myghte in strengthynge the seide Kynge
That y am awroTcen now Edwarde. WarkwortKs Chronicle, p. 15.
Of hym that my fadur slowe. AWYN.
MS. Cantab. Ff. IK 38, f. 119.
Own. North.
Last of all thedyr gan aprpche
AWRUDDY. Already, North. A worthy man, hyr awyn ny cosyn.
AWS-BONES. According to Kennett, MS. MS. Rawl. Poet. 118.
Lansd. 1033, "ox-bones, or bones of the legs AWYRIEN. To curse ; to execrate. (A.-S.)
of cows or oxen, with which boys play at aws They wolden awyrien that wight
For his wel dedas,
or yawse." Yorksh.
AWSOME. Appalling; awful. North. And chewen
As so theyshaf
chewen charite',
houndes.
AWT. (1) All the. North. Piers PlouffJiman, p. 490.
(2) Out. North.
AWTALENT. Evil will. (J<-S.) AWYS. " Awes; makes afraid.
By thys ensample that us awyst
In sacrylege he syned sore, Y rode that we leve alle oure foule sawvs.
When he wrojht after the fendes lore, MS. Ear I. 1701, f. 11.
And f ulfylled hys awtalent, AW3TE. Ought.
And dyde the fendes commandment.
MS. dshmole 61, f, 85. And namely sythen hym owif-h to mynystre to alle
the puple the precious body of Crist, aivyte to ab-
AWTER. (1) To alter. North. stene hym fro al ydil pleying bothe of myraclys and
ellis. Relig. Antig. ii.48.
(2) An altar.
Als I fynde in my sawe,
AX. (1) To a^k. A common archaism and pro-
Seynt Thomas was i-slawe, vincialism. This word, though pure Saxon, is
At Cantyrbury at the awter ston,
now generally considered a vulgarism. The
Wher many myraclys are i-don.
Richard Coer de Lion, 41. form axse occurs in the Howard Household
Als so a preeste, al yf he be Books, p. 361. To ax, in the North, is to ask
or publish banns in a church, and when they
Synfulle and owte of charytfc",
He es Goddes mynyster and holy kyrkes, have been read three times, the couple are said
That the sacrament of the awter wyrckes,
The whylk es never the lesse of myght,
to be ax'd out.
(2) Mr. Stapleton conjectures ax in the following
Alle yf the preeste here lyffe noght ryght.
Bampole, MS. Bowes, p. 113. passage to mean ina v.mill-dam.
Law Dictionary, Hatches. See Blount's
AWTERATION. Alteration. North. Also ther is a ax that my master clamcth the keep-
AWTERT. Altered. Tim Boobin. ing of; I pray you let them have and occupie the
AWTH. (1) AU the. North. same unto the same tyrae, and then we shall take a
dereccionin everything.
(2) Ought ; anything. Plumpton Correspondencet P« 71 •
When mey father geffe me atvtht
Be God that me dere bowth,
(3) " To hang up one's ax," an early proveibial
Sche stares yn mey face. expression, to desist from fruitless labour, to
Frere and tho Boy, st. xix. abandon an useless project. See Rob. Glouc*
 AXW 125 AYE
AY. (1) An egg.
p. 561, quoted in Stevenson's additions to
Boucher. The ay is round, and signefieth
He sehal have the sourmouncie,
(4) An axletree. Kent. This is round the myddell erd,
AXEN. Ashes. West. (A.-S.) Botheof lewedandoflerid. Kyng AU*aunder> W
Y not wharof beth men so prute;
Of erthe and oxen, felle and "bone ? Ay ! be-sherewe yow be my fay,
Wrights Pol. Songs, p. 203.
AXEN-CAT. A cat that tumbles in the ashes. (2) Ah !This wanton clarkes be nyse all way.
Ritson's Ancient Songsf p. 10L
Devon. See the Exmoor Glossary, in v. (3) Always ; ever. In the North of England, it
Axwaddle,
is sometimes employed as an expression of sur-
AXES. The ague. North. Generally, in old prise or wonder.
writers, it is applied to fits or paroxysms. In (4) Yes. Pronounced i, as, indeed, it is spelt in
a fever drink, described in an early medical MS. most old books.
in Lincoln Cathedral, f. 305, the herh horseshoe AYANCE. Against.
is to be taken, and a pater noster said "byfore At pointe terrible ayance the miscreants on nyght,
the axes." See Warkworth's Chronicle, An hevynly mystery was schewyd hym, old bookys
p. 23 ; Prompt. Parv. p. 218 ; Skelton's Works, reherse. Percy's Reliques, p. 73,
ii. 101 ; Quair of James I. p. 54 ; Troilus and AYAYNE. Again,
Creseide, i. 627, ii. 1315. Att Cresse he foughte ayayne,
The kynge of Berne there was slayne.
AXEWADDLE. To wallow on the ground. Rob. Glouc. p. 592,
Devon. An axewaddler, a term of reproach AYDER. Either.
in a similar sense, and also, a dealer in Whan ayder ost gan other asayle,
ashes. Ther began a strong batayle. Qctovian, 1507.
AXFETCH. A kind of pulse. Sometimes spelt Sche thowth lost, be the rode,
axvetch and axwort. It is the same as horse- That dydde the boye eney gode,
shoe. See Gerard, p. 1057. Ayder met or drey nke. Jfrere and the Boy, st. iii.
AXIL-NALIS. Nails or holts to attach the axle- AYE. (1) Against. See the Heralds' College MS.
tree to the hody of the cart. See an inventory of Rob. Glouc. quoted in Hearne's ed. p. 407 ;
dated 1465 in the Finchale Charters, p. 299. and Stevenson's additions to Boucher, in v.
Palsgrave has, " axilnayle, cheville d'aixeul." (2) Fear ; trouble. (^.-£)
Thi men er biseged hard in Dunbar with grete aye.
AXING. Request. (^.-5.) Langtoffs Chronicle, p. 275.
And they him sware bis axing- fayrand wel.
Chaucer, Cant. T. 1828. AYED. Aid.
The mutren tot is on their lot,
AXIOMANCY. Divinationby hatchets. Cockeram. Theyr heith is sore decayed j
AXLE-TOOTH. A grinder. North. No remedie, thy must neads die,
Onles God he tlieyr ayed,
AX-PEDLAR. A dealer in ashes ; a person who Lambeth Early Books, p. 270.
hawks about woodashes. West.
AXSEED. Axfetch. Minsheu. AYEL. A forefather. (A.-N.)
And whan the renoune of his excellence,
AXSY. To ask. (A.-S.) By long process©, and of his great encrease,
Ho that wyll there oa-ay Justus, Came by the report unto the audience
Tokepe hys arnaes fro the rustus,
In turnement other fyght ; Of his ayel, the great Astiages. Bochas, b. ii. c. 22.'
Dur he never forther gon, AYENBIER. Redeemer.
Ther he may fynde justes anoon, Knelyng and praienge after thy Lorde thy
maker, thyn ayeribier, thy love and thylovyer.
Wyth syrLaiuifal theknyght. MS. BodL 423, f. 182,
Launfal, 1027.
AYENBYTE. Remorse.
AXTREE. The axle-tree. See the Nomenclator, This boc is Dan Michelis of Northgate, y- write an
P. 267 ; Reliq. Antiq. ii. 78, 83. . Englis of his O3ene hand, thet hatte Ayenbyte of
And of the axtre bitwene the polls tweyne. Inwyt, and is of the bochouse of Saynt Austines of
L.vdgate,-MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 25. Canterberi. MS. A>-undel5l, f.2
Thunder and earthquakes raging, and the rocks AYENE. Again.
Tumbling down from their scyts, like mighty blocks He camme ayene yet the next wek,
Rowl'd from huge mountains, such a noise they make, And toke awey both henne and chek.
As though in sunder heav'ns huge axtree brake. Reliq. Antiq. *. 5
Ttraytoris Poems, p. 219. AYE-NOWE. Enough.
AXUNGER. Soft fat ; grease. (Lai.) The ernperoure gafe Clement vreltliis fele,
The powder of earth- wormes, and axunger, addeth To lyfe in rech.es and in wele,
further, grounswell, and the tender toppes of the Aye-nowe for ever- more. MS.Linioln A, 1. ^7i f*}0ft
boxe-tree, with olibanum ; all these, being made up AYENSAY. Denial.
and tempered together to make an emplaster, he Ther is none ayentay nor excusacloun,
counselled! to bee applyed to sinnewes that are layed Tyll the trouthe be rypped into the roote.
open. , Topsetfs Hi^i(M-yofSerpeMst^3 Lydgate, MS. Ashmoie 39, t. 45.
AXWEDNESDAI. Ashwednesday. AYENST. Against.
So that an Axwednesdai, al bi the Weste ende, Yes, for God, then sayd Robyn,
To Gloucetre he wende, mid gret poer i-nou. Or eltes I were a fole j
Rot>. Glouc. p. 542, Another day ye wyll me clothe*
OWORT. Axfetch. Minshw. Itrowe, ayenft the yole. Robin Hood, L7*»
 1 AYR
AYG
AYENSTONDE. To withstand. See Gesta AYGULET.
Which
An aglet.
all above besprinckled was throughout,
Romanorum, p. 53. With golden aygulets that glistred bright.
And whati ony such token was sey by day or be The Faerie Queene, II. iii. 26.
nyght, than anonc alle maner men of the contrey AYILD. To yield. In many cases, the a may
made hem redy to aye)istonde, yf ony enemyes had
MS.HarLW. probably be the exclamation A! See also
AYENST-STONDYNGE. Withstanding. Beves of Hamtoun, p. 10, where it is some-
He made a lawe that every ded knyjt shulde be what difficult to decide, the editor having
buried in his armour and armys, and life ony mane throughout that work confused the pronoun a
weere so hardy for to spoyle him of his armys after with the .prefix to the verb.
that he were y-buriede, he shulde lesehis life, with-
Let now ben. al your fight,
oute ony ayenst-stondynge. Gesta Romanorum, p. 10. And ayild the to this knight. Rembrun, p. 47*.
AYENWARDE. Back. (A.-S.) AYIR. Air. Somerset.
And as he came ayentoarde privily, AYL. Always. Skinner.
His nece awoke, and askith who goeth there ? AYLASTANDE. Everlasting.
Trvilw* and Creseide, iii. 751-
That woman kynde schuld sustene the reprove
AYERE. (1) An heir.
And scho wille pray hir sotie so fayre, of aylastande
made coupabilite"
man fall into synne. amonge men, 842,
MS. Egerton sc>hef. that
203.
That we may samene gete an ayere.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. S9« AYLASTANDLY. Everlastingly.
je served never joye aylastandly,
ed.
(2) BreMany For je fulfilled nojt thewarkes of mercy.
fawcouns and faire. MS. Egerton 927.
Hawk is of nobille ayere
On hisperkegunnerepayre. AYLEDE. Possessed.
Hir aylede no pryde. Sir Perceval, ICO.
Syr Eegrevante, Lincoln MS.
AYLIS. Sparks from hot iron. It is translated
(3) Air ; breath ; atmosphere.
Sothely wicked men eorrumpith here neighbores, ' by firrine, in the Keliq.
Cambridge
for here throte is liche to a beriel opynyng, that de Bibblesworth, Antiq. MS.
ii. 84.of Walter
sleeth men thorogh evyl ayere, and swelwith hem AYMANT. A diamond. (A.-N.)
jnne. MS. Tanner 16, f. 29. Toherehusbandeaprecyouse thyng,
The tother world that es lawer, A bracelet* and an aymant rynge. MS. Rawl. 258.
Whare thesternesand the planotes er?, AY-MEE. A lamentation. See Florio, in v« Ah /
Godd ordaynd anely for owre behofe,
Be this skylle, als I kane profe, Cotgrave, in v. Aachee.
Nor delude the object he affected, and to whose
The ayere fro thethene, and theheete of sons,
sole choice he stood affyed with feined ay-mecs.
Sostaynes the erthe heere thare we wone. Two Lancashire Lovers, p. 115.
Sampole, MS* Bowes, p. 42.
AYMERS. Embers. (A.-S.) See Forme of Cury,
(4) To go out on an expedition, or any business.
(A.-N.) p. Tak
40 ; the
Reliq. Antiq. i. 52.
croppe of the redo dok, and fald it in a
There awes none alyenes to ayere appone nyghttys lefe of the selvene, and roulle it in the aymers.
With syche a rebawdous rowtte, to ryot thy-selvene. MS. Lincoln. Met. f.SOI.
Morte Arthur e, MS. Lincoln, f. 58.
The fader seid to his sone dere, Tak havremeale, and sawge, and laye hem in hote
To lawe thu shalt go ayere, aymers t and erly at morowe sethe hem in a potte
And coste me xx. marke. with watur and wyne, and do therto oyniones and
MS. Harl. 2382, f. 119. Tolkes of eyrene, and thanne serve hit forthe.
MS. Culin. Middlehill, f. 13.
AYEWARD. Backward.
And lad me agen into the plase of Paradice, fro AYK. Eyes.
When therl seye it was sir Gii,
the whiche he ravished me, and eft ayewcrd he led Hefeldoun on knes him bi,
me to the lake ther he ravesshed me.
MS. RawZ. 1104. And wcpe with both his ayn.
GytjfWartciJte, p. 335,
AYFET. Covet. Rod. Gloue.
AYOH. Awry ; aslant ; on one side. Salop.
AYFULL. High ; proud ; awful. See the He- AYONT. Beyond. North.
ralds' College MS. of Robert of Gloucester,
quoted in Hearne's edition, p. 377, where the A-YOTJ-A-HINNY. A Northern nurse's lullaby.
text reads heyvol, q. v. See Bell's Northern Rhymes, p. 296; Croft's
AYGHE. Awe; terror. Excerpta Antiqua, p. 107.
Sum for gret ayghe and dout, AY-QUEUE. Everywhere.
To other kinges flowen about. Ay-quera naylet ful nwe for that note ryched.
1 Arthvur and Merlin, p. 18. SyrGawayne, p. 24.
AYGHT. Height. Mtson. AYRE. (1) An heir. See Towneley Mysteries,
AYGRE. Sour. This is merely the old ortho- p. 114 ; Audelay's Poems, pp. 4, 12 ; Dial.
graphy of eager, but is still in use in York- Great. Moral, p. 233; Ywaine and Gawin,
shire, See Aigre. 3093 ; MS. Ashmole 33, f. 46.
And with a sodaine vigour it doth posset Myn honoure sal noght passe fra this generacioun
And curd, like aygre droppings into railke. in alle other that er at come withouten ayrex.
The thin and wholsome blood. MS. Coll. Eton. 10, f. 16.
•Hamlet, ed. 1623, p. 258.
AYGREEN. The houseleek. See Kennett's (2) Ready;
Anoneyare.
the squyer made him ayre,
Glossary, MS. Lansd. 1033, f. 28 ; Prompt. Aria by hym-selfe forth, can he fare.
Sqiiyr of Lowe Degvt* 601*
 AYS 127 AZO
So that sche was the worse at ayse,
(3) Ere; before. For sche hath thanne no servise.
Ilde he ne wylde he with welle and wo,
Gower, JUS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 238.
Scho hade hym upe with hyre to go ;
Thus tellys he sythen with mekylle drede, Thus may a traytour baret rayse,
Howagayue hys wylle with, hyre hs jede. And make manye men ful evele at ayse.
Reliq.Antiq.ii.91.
Scho lede hym tomakelle felde,
So gretteane ayre he never behelde. Thanne was Engelond ath ayse ;
R. de Brunne, MS. £owe$> p. 22. Michel was suich a king to preyse,
That held so Englond in grith 1 Kavekk, 59.
(4) Air.
For the corrupcyowne of hys hody, (2) To make at ease. (A.-N,)
I made it not for to be praysed,
Y f it solde lange abowne erthe ly,
Yt moght the ayre so corrumpped make, Bot at the lewed mene wereaysecf.
Wartoris Hist.jE.ngl. Poet, i, 68
That men tharof the dede solde take.
Hampole, MS. Bowes, p. 37« AYSELLE. Yinegar. « Aysell, other alegar,"
AYREABLE. Arable. is mentioned in a recipe in the Forme of Ciny,
Theire haye, theire come to repe, bynde, or mo we, p. 56. See Prompt. Parv. p. 143 ; MS. Lin-
Setteoute theire falowes, pastures, and lande ayreable, coin. Med. f. 294; Towneley Mysteries,
MS. Ashmole 59, f. 19-
AYEELY. Early. p. A260.
fulleblttire drynke that was wroghte,
Of this the prophet wy tnes beres Of ayselle and galle that the lykede noghte.
In a salme of the sawter thorgh this vers ; MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 190.
The prophet says thus als wrytene es, 4y£sgtand galle raysed on a rede,
Ayrely a man passes als the gres, Within a spounge thai gun hyde.
Ayrely are the begynnyng of the day US. BiW. CoU. Sicn. xviii. 6.
He florysches and passes away. AYSHWEED. A kind of herb mentioned by
HampoZe, North C.MS.
AYEEN. Eggs. IntheFonneofCury,p. 77, the Minsheu, who appears to say it is the same as
the gout-wort.
following receipt is given to make an erbolate, AYTHIR. Either.
a kind of confection composed of herbs, Als elere goldehir brydille it schone,
" Take persel, myntes, saverey, and sauge, tan- One oythirsyA change bellys three.
sey, Yervayn, clarry, rewe, ditayn,fenel, south- True Thomas, MS. Lincoln, f. 14!).
renwode ; hewe hem and grinde hem smale ; "Withowttyne gyftes ;ede thay noghte,
medle hem up with ayrene; do butter in a Aytliire haddetownnes three.
trap, and do the fars therto, and bake it and MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 99.
Ther mouthe men se to knithes bete,
messe it forth." Ayther on other dintes grete. HaveloTi, 2665.
Men to heora threowe drit and donge,
With foule myren, with rotheres lunge. AYTTENE. Eighteen.
Kyng Alisaunder, 4719, The golden nombre of the same yere,
AYRY, (1) To make an aerie. Ayttene accounted in cure Italendere*
Expressing the loftinesseof the mountaines in that Lydgate, MS. Ashmole 3Q3 f. 50.
shoore, on which many hawkes were wont to ayry. AY-WHEKE. Everywhere. See Sir Trisfrem,
Draytoris Poems, p. 21.
pp. 236, 248, 284: Hardyng's Chronicle,
(2) Joyful ; in good spirits. Skinner. f. 159 ; Peter Langtoffc, p. 78. Ay whore is
AY-SCHELLE. An egg-shell. glossed by evermore in MS. Harl. 1701, f. 43,
The dragon lay in the strete, which seems to be its meaning in the Towneley
Myghte he nought dure for hete ;
Hefondith tocreope, asy ow telle, Mysteries, p. 115, and in our second example.
Ageyn Into the ay-schelle. Kyng Altsaunder, 577*
In the following passage, the Cambridge MS.
AYSCHETTE. Asked. H. Heil sent
38, abowte
reads every
" every whare."
Qy-tvheret ]
Mercy mekelyche of hym he ayschette. That alle his mene solde make thame jare
Chron, Vilodun.y. 25.
Agaynes the erle to fyghte.
AYSCHIS. Ashes. We have already had other Erie of Tolous, MS. Lincoln, f. 115,
forms of this word, and more may probably And gadred pens unto store,
be met with. See the Liber Niger Domus Asokerers done ay whore. MS* Harl. 1701, f. 37.
Regis Edw. IV. p. 85. The following is a A-ZET. Set; planted. Dorset.
curious early receipt for making white AZOCK. The mercury of metal, an alchemical
soap. term. It is used by Ben Jonson, in the Al-
Tak tweybushelleof wood ayschls, and abuschel chemist, i .1. It may not be out of place to
of lyme, and thre buschelis of comun v,yschi$, so that mention that Ben. may have taken this and
ther be no ayschia of ook therynne, and brenne thi other techmcal words from MS. Sloane 313, an
comun apaches twyes, and make a lye in the same
wyse as y rehersitle bifore, and put it in a vessel with
alchemical MS. which formerly belonged to
a fiat botme ; and in ij. galones qf that lye, put iiij. him, and has his name on the first page. As]i-
U of tajowh, what talowh evere it be, and evere as it mole spells the word azot, in his Theat Chera.
sethith, put therto more of lye Into the tyme that o Brit. pp. 77, 89, 375.
galone toe put yn M tymes, and lokeit be wel y-sterld AZOON. Anon; presently. Exmoor.
among, and tak up therof alwey to it be swich as AZOR. An alchemical preparation, a recipe for
thou wilt have, and contynue the fire wel, and thou which occurs in MS. §Ioane 16$8, f, 7. In the
schalt not faile. MS. Sloane 73, f. 214.
same manuscript is giren a curions list of siici-
~~ lar terms, but most of them are too technical
AYSE. (1) Ease. (A.-N.)
 B 128 B
to require a place in this work. Thus we have A3ENSTOD. Withstood.
Werfor Poule a$enstodhim in the face, and redar*
azogribali for vitriol, azimac for ink, &c.
AZURE-BYSE. Among some curious receipts guidhim, for he was reprovable.
Apology fw the Lollards, p. 6,
in MS. Sloane 2584, p. 3, we are told that
A3ENSTONDYN. To withstand. It is trans-
" 3if ^OUL ^fc prove azure-byse, whether it lated bysisto and obsto in Prompt. Parv. p. 70
be good or bade, take a pensel or a penne,
and drawe sinalle rewles upon blewe lettres A3ENWORD. On the other hand.
He biddith not here to curse him that synnith not,
with that ceruse, and jif thi ceruse be nojt
nor to asoyle him that bidith in synne ; but ayenword
clere white bote dede fade, then is the blewe to asoilehim that levith his synne, and put him ouf
no?t fyne."A sneaking person ; an insignificant
AZZARD.
of cumpany that lastith in his synne.
Apology for the Lollards, p. 70
fellow. North. We have also the adjective A3ER. (1) Yearly.
azzardly, poor, ill-thriven, Heo wol rather bi-leve here truage, that je hem bereth
AZZLE-TOOTH. A grinder. Craven. a$er. Rob. Glouc. p. 100.
AZZY. A wayward child. Yorkshire.
A3A. Against. Yff he of Goddes wordes aght here,
(2) Theroff
Over. hym thynk a hundreth 5ere ;
A$a the day of rykenyng, Reliq* <Jntiq. ii. 226. Botyf it be at any playng,
A3& (1) Against. At the hale-hows or othir janglyng,
For he thojte al that tresour have,
For to rache with ilk a fyle,
MS. Coll. Trin. Oxen. 57. Ther hym thynk nojthbota qwylle;
In Gode serves swylk men er irke,
(2) Again.
And that hy ne come nevere <zj<?, Thatqwen thai com unto thekyrk,
To mattyns or mese songyn,
Bote by him brojte. MS. Coll. THn. Oxon. 57.
ByMahoun, saide the kyng a$eef Thai thynk it lastes 05 er langyn ;
Y nolde the lete ly ves bee. Than sal he jangyl or tellesum tale,
MS.4shmoJe 33,f.48. Or vvyt qware thai sal haf best ale.
R. de Bi-unne, MS. Bowes, p. 63,
A3EFULLEST. The most fearful.
Of ane enuperour the a^efullest that ever armys hauntid, A3EYENST. Against.
The volk of Gywes wyth bowes comen ayyenst the.
Reliq. Antiq. ii, 225.
A3EIN. Against.
^ein him alle, a^ein alle he, A3EYN-SAYING, Denial.
A wondir wijte mon shal he be. Caym say his synne was knowed,
Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. ZHw. Cantab, f. 17. And that the erthe had hit showed ;
A3ENBOU3TIST. Hast redeemed. He wist a^eyn-saying was noon.
Cursor flfundi, MS, Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 8.
Thou heldist forth thin hond, and the eerthe de-
vouride hem. Thou were leder in thi mere! to thi A3EYNUS. Against.
puple, the whiche thou a^enbou^tlst. Errour he schal maynteine none
Afeymts the craft,Constitution!
but let hyt gone.
of Masonry, p. 23.
A3ENCHARE.
But many one wyl never beware, A3LEZ. Tearless.
Tyl sum myschaunce make hem a^enchare. How that dojty dredles dernely ther stondcz,
MS. Harl. 1701, f. 14. Armed ful a-$lez ; in hert hit hym lykez.
Syr Gawayne, p. 86.
A3ENNIS. Against.
Mikil more if he pronounce without autorit^ or lif
contrariously ajennis the Lordis wille. A3T. (1)Thes
Ought.
sevene thinges at the lest
Apology for the Lollards, p. 8. FeUe on that ilke daye ;
A3EN-RISYNG. Resurrection. For that oy^alleholykirke
For the sevende day, withoute lesyng, To honour hit for ay.
MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 83.
Is tokne of o^awisyng.
MS. Coll. Trin. Oxon. 57, art. 2.
A3ENSEIDE. Denied. For if thou be in dedly synne,
(2) Eight.
And therof schal be schrifene,
Thou suffridest hem to deperte fro me, that is, fro
my wille and myn en tent ; and thei hadde me as A^t thynges the bus haf therto,
wiatyng, for I a^enseide hem in herworkis and her Oritbe clene forgifene.*S.Gznta&.Ff. v.48.f.8(>.
wordis. MS. Tanner 1, f. 347.
A3TE. I(1) Possessed.
A3ENSSEYTH. Denieth. dar notte telle 50,lord, for schame,
He a^enssej/th alle that tresun, The godus now that he a%te.
And setteth thus hys resun. Robson's Met. Rom. p. 32.
MS. Harl. 1701, f.43.
(2) Noble ; honourable. Rob. Glouc.

B*' To know a B rromabattledoor," an old which occurs in Taylor's Workes, 1630, ii. 59.
. phrase, generally implying, according to You shall not neede to buy uookes ; no, scometo
Nares, a very slight degree of learning, or the distinguish a B. from a "battle-doore t onely loofee that
being hardly able to distinguish one thing from your eares be long enough to reach our rudiments,
and you are made for ever.Gwte Home* baoTce, 1609, p.3.
another. It is sometimes found in early printed For in this age of crittickes are such store,
works, as if it should be thus written, " to That of a B, will make a battledore.
know A. B.from abattledoor," an instance of Taylor's Motto, 1622, sig Afiiu
 129
BAB BAB
BA. (1) To kiss. See Chaucer, Cant.T., 6015. j read bribe. Palsgrave nas, "Bate that cfcyt-
Also a substantive, as in Skelton, i. 22. i dren play with, pouppee,"
(2) Both. (4.-S.) \BABELARY.
BABELAVANTE.
A foolish tale. More.
A babbler.
'3) A ball. Percy. Sir Cayphas, harcken nowe to me ;
BAAD. (1) Continued. YorJcsh. This babelavante or kinge woulde be.
(2) To bathe. Craven. Chester Plays, ii. 34,
(3) A woman of bad character. Cumb. BABELYN. To totter; to waver. Prompt. Parv.
BAAKE. To bake. Palsgrave.
BAAL. A ball. BABERLUPPED. Thick-lipped. Piers PlougJmi.
To this house I have devised how you maie so BABERY. Childish finery. Webster. Stowe
secretly conveigh me, that you maie there keepe me has babblerie in the same sense. See Strutt's
at your pleasure to your owne use, and to my greate Dress and Habits, ii. 201.
contentation, where I maie at pleasure enjoye hym, BABEURY. An architectural ornament. Chaucer
more dearely beloved unto me then the baales of mentions a castle being ornamented with
myne owne eyes. Ricke's Farewell, 1581. many subtill compassings ;
BAA-LAMB. A lambkin; a pet term for a As babeunes and pinnacles,
lamb. Var. dial. Imageries and tabernacles.
BAAL-HILLS. Hillocks on the moors, where Hmtse of Fame, iti. 99.
fires are fancied to have once been in honour of XJrry reads barbicans, inbutv. seeTheStevenson's ad-
Baal. Craven. ditions to Boucher, latter writer
BAAN-CART. The body. Craven. The form wishes to connect this word with babewyns^
baan, bone, occurs in several compounds in the an ancient term for grotesque figures executed
Northern dialect. in silver work.
BAANT. Am not ; are not. Var. dial. BABEWYNE. A baboon. Maundevile.
BAAR. To bear. Maundeoile. BABIES-HEADS. A kind of toy for children.
BAARD. A sort of sea-vessel, or transport See the Book of Rates, 1675, p. 24.
ship. Phillips. BABIES-IN-THE-EYES. The miniature re-
BA-ARGE. Generally used in Devonshire to flection ofhimself which a person sees in the
signify a fat heavy person. See the Exmoor pupil of another's eye on looking closely into
Scolding, p. 9. it, was sportively called a little baby, and our
BAAS. Base. In the Papers of the Shak. Soc. old poets make it an employment of lovers to
i. 50, " baas daunces" are mentioned. These look for them in each others eyes. See Rich's
were dances very slow in their movements. Honestie of this Age, p. 49; Brand's Pop,
See also Nugze Poeticse, p. 2. Antiq., iii. 25 ; Nares, in v.
When I look babies in thine eye**
BAASTE. (1) To sew. Palsgrave. Here Venus, there Adonis lies.
(2) Bastardy. Prompt. Parv. Randolph's Poems, p. 124,
BAATH. Both.' North. She clung about his neck, gave him ten kisses,
BAB. (1) To bob down. North. Toy'd with his locks, look'd babies in hijt eyes,
(2) A baby ; a child. Var. dial. Heywood's Love's Mistress, p 8j
(3) To fish in a simple and inartificial manner, BABION. A baboon. See Ben Jonson, ii. 240 ;
by throwing into the water a bait on a line, Skelton's Works, i. 124 ; Drayton's Poems,
with a small piece of lead to sink it. Eels
and crabs are sometimes caught in this way. BABLACK.
p. 247. A name given to two free-schools
We have all read of the giant who " sat upon at Coventry and Warwick. See Cooke's Guide
a rock, and to Warwick Castle, 1841 , p. 93. The term is
another formbobbed
of theforword.
whale." This is merely
derived from a piece of land at Coventry
BABBART. The " evele i-met, the babbart," formerly so called, and on which the bablack
are among the very curious names of the hare school
in the Reliq. Antiq., i. 133. clothed there
in yellow is nowand situated.
blue, and The "boys the
perhaps are
bablack school at Warwick is so called because
BABBLE. (1) Hounds are said to labile, "if
too busie after they have found good scent." a similar uniform has been adopted. It also
Gent. Rec. p. 78. appears from Sharp's Cov. Myst., pp. 146,
(2) To talk noisily. Var. dial 179, 187, that there was formerly a monastic
(3; An idle tale. Rowley. institution at Coventry of the same name, and
BABBLEMENT. Silly discourse. North. most likely on the same spot,
BABLATIVE. Talkative.
BABBLING. A noisy discourse. " Babbling or
In commumtie of life he "was verye joctmd j
much speaking." Becon's Early Works, p. 169. neither to ^ablative withe flattery, nor to whustwith
BABBY. (1) A baby. Var. dial. morositie. Phtiotimua, ]583»
(2) A sheet or small book of prints for chil- BABLATRICE. A basilisk?
dren. North. 0 you cockatrices* and you boblatrices*
BABBY-BOODIES. Same as boodies, q.v. That in the woods dwell. Locnn/?, p. 26*
BABE. A child's maumet. Gouldman. See BABLE. A bauble. Tlte glass or metal orna-
Baby. This may also be the meaning of the ments of dress are sometimes called bablts*
word in a difficult passage in Cymbeline, iii. 3, See Strutt's Dress and Habits, ii. 153 ; Tbouva*
where Harnner and the chief modern editors Anecdotes and Traditions, pfc 19 ; Yiorio, in. v,
a
 BAG 130 BAG
"JSarres, the martiall sport called Barriers
Bubole, Coccole. Miege explains it, " to talk
confusedly," but that would more properly the play at bace, or prison-bars."
be spelt babel. In Skelton we have babyls, (2)also
A kind of fish, mentioned in Prompt. Parv.,
baubles. p. 20, supposed by Mr. Way to be the basse,
BABS. Children's pictures. North. or sea-perch. Cf. Baret's Alvearie, B. 198 ;
BABULLE. A bauble. An old proverb in M S. Florio, in v. Baicolo; Palsgrave, Subst. f. 18.
Douce 52, says, " A fole scholde never have (3) To beat. Devon.
a babulle in hande." (4) The pedestal of an image. An old archi-
Lyke a fole and a fole to bee, tectural term. See Willis, p. 76.
BACE-CHAMBYR. A room on the lower floor.
Thy babulle schalleMS.be Cantab.
thy dygnyte'.
Ff. ii. 38, f. 241.
Prompt. Parv.
BABY. According to Minsheu, a " puppet for BACHELEK. A knight. Chaucer.
children." The word constantly occurs as a BACHELEKIE. Knighthood. Also explained
child's plaything, a toy, and is still in use in by Tyrwhitt, the knights. It sometimes means
the North for a picture, especially such as a company of young bachelors, and occasion-
would amuse children. So in the French ally, bachelorship. Cf. Chaucer, Cant. T.,
Schoole-Maister, 1631, f. 98, " Shall we buy 8146, 17074; Rob. Glouc. pp. 76, 183.
a babie or two for our children for pastime ?" BACHELOR'S-BUTTONS. The campion flower.
See also the Book of Kates, p. 24 ; Malone's According to Grey, Notes on Shakespeare, i.
107, there was an ancient custom amongst
Shakespeare, xiii. 108 ; Cleaveland's Poems,
p. 64 ; Brit. BibL, ii. 399 ; Du Bartas, p. 3 ; country fellows of carrying the flowers of this
Florio, in v. Bdmbola, Bdmba, Cucca, Di'mdola, plant in their pockets, to know whether they
should succeed with their sweethearts, and
Pipdta; Cotgrave, in v. Poupette ; Baret's
Alvearie, B. 7, 8, A Bartlemy Fair doll is they judged of their good or bad success by
often mentioned as a Bartholomew baby.
their growing or not growing there. " To
Compare the Captain, i. 3,— wear bachelor's buttons" seems to have been
"and now you cry for't, a phrase for being unmarried. In some parts
As children do for babies, back again." of the country, the flower-heads of the com-
Beaumont and Fletcher, ed^ Dyce, in. 235.
Where the editor asks whether the author did mon burdock, as well as the wild scabious,
are also called by this name.
not write babies, another word altogether, — BACINE. A bason.
What gares these babies and babies all ?
King and a Pocre Nvrtfierne Man, 1640. That on was rede so the fer,
For bells and babyes, such as children small The eighen so aArtliour
bacine cler.
and Merlin, p. 57«
Are ever us'd to solace them withall.
Drayton's Poems, p. 243
BABY-CLOUTS. A puppet made of rags. BACK.
Minor (1) Arere-mouse;
Poems, a bat. p.SeeLydgate's
p. 152; Tundale, 41 ; Prompt.
Cotgrave translates muguet, " a curiously Parv., p. 21.
dressed babie of clowts." (2) Kennett says, "along the Severn they think
And drawing neare the bed to put her daughters it a sure prognostick of fair weather, if the
armes, and higher part of her body too, within
sheets, perceiving it not to be her daughter, but a wind back to the sun, i. e. opposes the sun's
baby-vlotitx only to delude her.
course." MS. Lansd. 1033.
Two Lancashire Lovers, 1640, p. 113. (3) In some counties, when a person is angry
BABYSHED. Deceived with foolish and child- they say his bacWs up. Kennett has, " baxup,
ish tales. See the Towneley Mysteries, p. 78.
angry,mining,
provoked. Oxfordsh."
BACCARE. An exclamation signifying "go (4)it In the back of a lode is the part of
nearest the surface ; and the bach of a level
back/' and supposed to be a corruption of is that part of the lode extending above it to
lack there* It occurs in Shakespeare, Lilly,
within a short distance of the level above.
Heywood, and other contemporary writers.
From a passage in the Golden Aphroditis, 1577, Watson.
BACK-ALONG. Backward. Somerset.
" both trurape and drumme sounded nothing
BACK-AND-EDGE. Completely ; entirely. See
for their larum but Baccare, Baccare," it
would seem to have been taken from some a play, quoted by Nares, in v. In Yorkshire
old tune. obtains the opposite phrase, "I can make
BACCHAR. The herb ladies' glove. A full back ner edge of him ;" I can make nothing
of him*
description of it is given in Holmes' s Academy BACKARDS-WAY. Backwards. YorJcsh.
of Armory, p. 88.
BACCHES. Bitches. BACKAS. The back-house, or wash-house, or
The bacches that hym scholde knowe, more generally bakehouse. Var. dial. Spelt
For sone mosten heo blowe pris. bacJchowse in the Ordinances and Regulations,
App. tn Walter Mapes, p, 345. p. 4, where it is probably used in the first
BACCHUS-FEAST. A rural festival ; an ale. sense.
See Stub's Anatomic of Abuses, ed. 1595, p. BACKBAND, An iron chain passing in a groove
110; Dee's Diary, p. 34. of the cart-saddle to support the shafts. North.
BACE. (1) The game of prisoners' base, more BACKBAR. The bar in a chimney by which any
generally written base, q. v. Cotgrave has, ves^l '"« suspended over the fire. Var. dial.
 BAG 131 BAD
BACKBERAND. The bearing of any stolen BkCKSTER. A baker. North.
BACKSTERS. Wide flat pieces of board, which
goods, especially
indisputable theft.deer,
An on
old the
law "back,
term, or open are strapped on the feet, and used to walk over
BACK-BOARD. A large board on which the loose beach on the sea coast. South.
dough is rolled out previously to making it BACK-STOCK. A log of wood. Hollyband.
into loaves. North. , BACKSTONE, A peculiar kind of stone to bake
BACK-BREAK. To break the back. Florio. bread, but more particularly oat-cakes upon.
BACKBRON. A large log of wood put on at the The larger, or double ones, as they are usually
back of a fire. Dorset. called, are about 28 to 30 inches by 16 to 20,
BACKBY. Behind ; a little way off. North. and the smaller ones vary in size, 16 or 18
BACK-CAST. The failure in an effort ; a re- inches square. Meriton gives the Yorkshire
lapse into trouble. North. proverb, " As nimble as a cat on ahaite back-
BACK-CAUTER. Cotgravehas, "Cautere dorsal, stane." — Yorkshire Ale, ed. 1697, p. 84.
the backe-cauter, somewhat like a knife, or BACKSTRIKING. A mode of ploughing, in
having a back like a knife, and searing onely which the earth having been previously turned,
on the other side." is turned back again. Suffolk.
BACKEN. To retard. Var. dial. BACKSUNDED. Shady. Dorset.
BACK-END. Autumn. YorJcsh. It is applied as BACK-SWANKED. Lean in the flank, a term
well to the latter end of the month, week, &c. applied to a horse. Miege.
BACKENING. Relapse; hindrance. Yorksh. BACKSWORD. The game of single-stick. Wilts.
BACKER. Further back. West. We have also A backsword, properly speaking, is a sword
backerly, late, applied to crops; lacJcerts, back- with one sharp edge.
wards ;backerter, more backwards. Chaucer BACKWARD. (1) The state of things past. Shak.
has bacMrmore, La Belle Dame sans Mercy, 85. (2) A jakes. Var. dial.
BACK-FRIEND. (1) A secret enemy. See BACKWATER. Water not wanted for turning
Comedy of Errors, iv. 2 ; Hall, Henry VII., the wheel of a water corn-mill, what is super-
f. 1 ; Florio, in v. Inimico, Nemico. abundant, and generally flows down a channel
(2) A hangnail. North. cut for the purpose. Also, a current of water
B ACKING. Nailing the back on a chair suitable from the inland, which clears off the deposit
to the seat. Holme. of sand and silt left by the action of the sea,
BACK-O'-BEYOND. Of an unknown distance. BACKWORD. An answer to put off an engage-
North. ment. North.
BACK-OUT. A back-yard. Kent. BACK-WORM. A disease in hawks, the worm
BACK-PIECE. This term explains itself. It is itself generally being in the thin skin about
the piece of armour that covers the back. the reins. It is the same as the filander. See
See Hall, Hen. IV., f. 12. Blome's Gent. Rec. ii. 51.
B ACKRAG. A kind of wine, made at Bacharach BACKWORT. A herb mentioned by Florio, in v.
in Germany, occasionally mentioned by our Consolida maggiure. It appears from Gerard
old dramatists. Nares. See also Hudibras, to be the same as the comfrey.
III. iii. 300. BACON. A clown. Shale.
BACKS. The principal rafters of a roof. A BACTILE. A candlestick. (Lat.)
term in carpentry. BACUN. Baked.
BACKSET. To make a backset, to make a stand jBACYN. A light kind of helmet, mentioned in
to receive a chased deer, and to cast fresh j Richard Coer de Lion, 2557; basyn, Kyng
hounds upon him at the latter end of the j Alisaunder, 2333. This is another form or
course. Holme. \ the word bassinet, q. v.
BACKSEVORE. The hind part before. Devon. BAD. (1J Sick ; ill. Var. dial. Sometimes we
BACKSIDE. The barton, or any premises at the hear right bad, or right on bad.
back of a house. Var. dial.
(2) A rural game, played with a bad-stick, for-
No innkeeper, alehouse keeper, victualler, or tip- merly common in Yorkshire. It probably re-
pler, shall admit or suffer any person or persons in
his house or backside to eat, drink, or play at cards. sembled the game of cat. See Kennett's
GnndaVs Remains, p. 138.
Glossary, MS. Lansd. 1033.
B ACKSTAFF. An instrument formerly used for '4) Entreated; asked; -3) Poor. Var. dial
prayed.
To Jhesu Crist he bad a boone,
taking the sun's altitude at
called because the back of the observer is sea; being so
Fay re knelyng on hys knee.
turned towards the sun when he makes the MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 46
observation. It was said to have been invented (5) Offered ; invited. See Sir Eglamour, 929,
by captain John Davis about the year 1590, 1080, Thornton Romances, pp. 159, 166.
and it is described by him in his " Seaman's (6) To take the husks off walnuts. West.
Secrets." (7) Bold. Cov. Myst.
BACKSTAND. Resistance.
Lytle avayleth outward warre, except there be a (8)Albions England,or thing.
A bad person ed. 1592, 58. in Warner's
See p.ladds
sure staye and a stedfast hackstands at home, as BADAYLE. Battle.
wel for the savegarde and security, as for the good Of s-werde of plate and eek of mayle,
governaunce of such as be left behinde. As thouye he schulde to badayle.
Hall, Hew-y VII. f. 3. Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 14«.
 BAF 132 BAG
BADDE. Ellis suggests either the usual mean- BAFFLING. Affront; insult. See Middleton's
Works, iv. 44 ; Beaumont and Fletcher, i. 142;
ing, or the perfect tense of the verb abide. In
Reliq. Antiq., ii. 101, it means delay. Malone's Shakespeare, xvi. 16.
A staf in his hond he ttacMe, BAFFYN. To bark. Prompt. Parv.
And schon on his fet badde. BAFT. Abaft. Chaucer.
Arthnur and Merlin, p. 73- BAFTYS. Afterwards? Cov. Myst.
BADDELICHE. Badly. Rob. Glouc. BAG. (1) The udder of a cow. Var. dial.
BADDER. Comp. of bad. North. See Chaucer, (2) To cut peas with an instrument resembling
Cant. TM 10538, and Nares, inv. the common reaping-hook, but with a handle
GADDING. Shelling walnuts. West. sufficiently long to admit both hands. West.
BADE. (1 ) Delay. Cf. Sir Perceval, 41, 111, In Oxfordshire the term is applied to cutting
484, 666, 1533/1760, 2128, 2129; and the wheat stubble, which is generally done with
example under Alswitke. an old scythe.
See Minot's Poems, p. 20; They cannot mowe it with a sythe, but they cutt
(2} Abode; remained.
Sir Tristrem, p. 148 ; Perceval, 569, 612, 892. it with such a hooke as they doe bag-ge pease with,
Aubrey's Wilts, MS. Royal Sac., p. 123.
(3) Prayed. Rob. Glouc. Cf. ElhYs Met. Horn.,
iii. 72 ; Chaucer, Cant. T., 7449. (3) When a servant is dismissed, he is said to
(4) Commanded. Chaucer. have got the bay. In some parts, to give a
(5) A pledge ; a surety. (A.-S.) This at least person the bag is to deceive him. A person's
seems to be the meaning of the word in bag and baggage is everything he has got.
Perceval, 1029, 1305. (4) The stomach. Hence eating is bagging, or
(6) To bathe. Warw. filling the stomach, to put into a bag. Cf,
(7) In Mr. Robson's Romances, p. 58, the word Cotgrave, in v. Emplir ; Harrison's Descrip-
tion of England, p. 233. An animal with
occurs in a peculiar sense ; " alle of fellus that
he bade" skins of animals that he caused to young is said to be tagged^ See Perceval, 717;
remain, i. e., killed. Nares, in v. Bag ; Florio, in v. Rimpregneuole ;
BADELYNGE. Paddling, as of ducks. Skinner Tusser's Husbandry, p. 104. Nares explains
gives this word on the authority of Juliana it, to breed, to become pregnant.
Barnes. It means a flock or company of ducks. (5) To move ; to shake ; to jog. S.ee the Rara
Mathematica, p. 64.
BADGER. (1) A pedlar; acorn-factor. Some-
a
times, person who purchase s eggs, butter, &c. BAGAMENT. Worthless stuff; nonsense. Line.
at the farm-houses, to sell again at market. BAGATINE. An Italian coin, worth about the
(2) To beat down in a bargain. Var. dial third part of a farthing, alluded to in Ben
BADGER-THE-BEAR. A rough game, some- Jonson, iii. 219.
times seen in the country. The boy who per- BAGAVEL. A tribute granted to the citizens
sonates the bear performs his part upon Ms of Exeter by a charter from Edward I., em-
hands and knees, and is prevented from getting powering them to levy a duty upon all wares
away by a string. It is the part of another brought to that city for the purpose of sale,
boy, his keeper, to defend him from the at- the produce of which was to be employed in
tacks of the others. paving the streets, repairing the walls, and the
13 AD GET. A badger. East. Badget is also a general maintenance of the town. Jacobs.
common name for a cart-horse. BAGE. A badge. Prompt. Parv.
BADLING. A worthless person. North. BAGEARD. A badger. More.
BADLY. Sick; ill. North. BAGELLE. Rings; jewels. So explained in
BADS. The husks of walnuts. West. Hearne's Glossary to Peter Langtoft, p. 282.
BAEL. Bale; sorrow. BAG-FOX. A fox that has been unearthed, and
BAELYS. "Rods. baeJys thei hem dong, kept a time for sport. Blome.
With brennyng BAGGABONE. A vagabond. Beds.
And with hem droffe to peynis strong. BAGGAGED. Mad; bewitched. Exmoor.
Tundale, p. 16.
BAESSYS. See Base. BAGGAGELY. Worthless. Tusser.
BAFFERS. Barkers; yellers. BAGGE. (1) A badge. Prompt. Parv.
He beris of golde a scmely sights,
Houndes for the hauk betfc filters amd grete
Ww. MS.Sodl.546. His bagges are sabylle ylkane.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 141.
BAFFLE. (1) To, treat with indignity; to use
contemptuously. Properly speaking, to baffle (2) To swell with arrogance. Chaucer. Tyrvvlntt
or bafful a person was to reverse a picture of says " rather, perhaps, to squint."
BAGGERMENT. Rubbish. Line.
him in an ignominious manner ; but the term
BAGGIE. The belly. Northuml.
is used more generally. See Middleton's BAGGIN. Food. Cumb.
Works, ii. 449 ; Ben Jonson, v, 127 ; Dodsley's BAGGING. The act of cutting up wheat stubble
Old Plays, vi. 18. In the Muse's Looking- for the purpose of thatching or burning. Oxon.
glass, j. 4, it signifies to beaf, IE which sense
Also, becoming pregnant. See Florio, in. v.
it also occurs in Moor's Suffolk Words, p. 13.
(2) To cheat, or make a fool of; to manage Impregndggine ; and Bag.
capriciously -or wantonly ; to twist irregularly BAGGING-BILL. A curved iron instrument
together. East. Corn, knocked about by the used for various agricultural purposes. It is
wind, is said in Suffolk to be lafflecl. also called a lagging-hook*
 BAI 133 BAI
BAGGINGLY. Squintingly. This word occurs walls or defences which surrounded the keep.
in the Rom. of the Rose, 292, explained by Oaf. Gloss. Arch.
Four toures ay hit has and kernels fair,
some arrogantly. Tyrwhitt's explanation, here Thre baillies al aboute, that may no3t apair.
adopted, best suits the context, and the cor-
responding passage in the original. 3/S- Egvrton 9-27.
BAILIWICK. Stewardship. Lent. Fiorio spells
BAGGING-TIME. Baiting time. North. At
Bury, co. Lane., about the year 1780, a re- it baily-weeke, in v. Castaldia.
freshment between dinner and supper was BAILL1E. Custody ; government. (A.-N.} See
called bagging, while at Chorley, distant only Rom. of the Rose, 4302 ; Kyng Alisaunder,
about twenty miles, the term was not in use. 7532 ; Langtoft, pp. 61, 127, 280.
BAGHEL. Same as lagelle, q. v. BAILS. Hoops to bear up the tilt of a boat.
In toun herd I telle., Bourne.
The baghel and the belie BAILY. A bailiff; a steward; also, a sheriffs
Ben filched and fled. officer.
Wright's Political Songs, p. 307. As balye, sergeaunt, or reve,
BAGINET. A bayonette. Var. dial. That fallit hys lordys goodes to reseyve.
MS. Hatton 18.
BAGLE. An impudent woman ; an opprobrious
And for to somoun all them to this fest,
term for a woman of bad character. Salop. The baily of Roston thereto is the best.
Perhaps this is merely a variation of bagyage, MS. Rutot. C. 86,
though Mr. Hartshorne derives it from the
French bfyueule. BAIN. Near; ready; easy. North. Ray ex-
BAG-OF-NAILS. The name of a sign, said to plains it," willing, forward," and "Wilbraham
be corrupted from the Bacchanals. He squints " near, convenient." In the east of England
like a bag of nails, i. e., his eyes are directed it means, pliant, limber. " To be very bain
as many ways as the points of a bag of nails. about one," officious, ready to help. As an
archaism, it signifies, obedient, ready, willing.
BAG-PUDDING. A rustic dish, said, in an old
nursery rhyme, to have formed the repast of See Chester Plays, i. 69 ; Robson's Romances,
p. 46 ; Towneley Mysteries, pp. 28, 39.
King Arthur ; but mentioned, I believe, in no A raonthe day of trewse moste ye take,
modern dictionary. It appears, from Taylor's And than to batayle be ye bayne.
Workes, i. 146, that Gloucestershire was for- MS. Harl 2252, f. 125.
merly famous for them ; but Welsh bag-pud- BAINE. (1) A bath. See Patterne of PainfuU
dings are mentioned in Hawkins' Eng. Dram, Adventures, pp. 188, 195; Rutland Papers,
in. 170. Howell, English Proverbs, p. 6, gives p. 8, bayn.
this, " Sweetheart and bagg-pudding." See No more I do my mirthis fayne,
also Heywood's Edward IV., p. 47 ; Fiorio, in (2) To bathe. But in gladnesse I swym and baine.
v. Ofa, Poltiglia.
MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 116.
BAGWALETOUR. A carrier of baggage.
Howe shall the cuntrey thenne susteyne two soo BAINER. Nearer. North.
gretite traynes, as the kinges majestic and they must BAINLY. Readily.
have ; specially considering the nombre of bagwale- BAIRE. Fit; convenient. Durham.
toura that shall com with them out of Fraunee.
BAIRMAN. A poor insolvent debtor, left bare
State Papers, i. 536.
and naked, who was obliged to swear in court
BAGY. A badge. Bemers. that he was not worth above five shillings and
BAHN. Going. YorJcsh. five pence. Phillips.
BAHT. Both. BAIRN. A child. North. The several com-
Than sent he many ay messenger
After Sarzyns baht far and ner. pounds ofthis word are too obvious to require
insertion.
Gwy of Warwick, Middlehill MS.
BAIRNWORTS. The daisy. Yorteh.
BAICH. A languet of land. Ray.
BAICS. Chidings ; reproofs. Tusser. This word BAISE. A bastard. In Sir C. Sharp's Chron.
Mirab. p. 9, is the entry, " Isabel, daughter to
and thetions toprevious
Boucher. one are from Hunter's addi- Philippe Wilkinson, bur. 30 May, 1633, baise
BAIDE. Endured. Northumb. with another man's wife," from the register of
BAIGNE. To drench ; to soak, Hart.
BAISEMAINS. Compliments ; salutations.
BAIL. (1) A beacon; a signal; a bonfire. North.
Also dalles, names, blazes. Cf. Piers Plough- BAISKE. Spenser. Sour. (Su. Goth.)
man, p.490. BAIST. To beat. North.
(2) The handle of a pail, bucket, or kettle ; the He paid good Robin back and side,
bow of a scythe. East. And baist him up and down ;
BAILE. (1) Battle. See Rob. Glouc. p. 37, And with his pyke-staff laid on loud,
where the Arundel MS. reads bataille. Till he fell In a swoon. Robin Bood> i. 102.
(2) A wooden canopy, formed of bows. Seethe BAISTE. Abashed.
Rutland Papers, p. 6 ; Ordinances and Regula- wed is;
Bees noghte baiste of jone bo yes, ne of thairebryghte
tions, p.127.
BAILEY. A name given to the courts of a castle We salle blenke theire boste for alle theire boltie
formed by the spaces between the circuits of profire Mo>-te Arthurs, /!/& Lincoln t f. §&,
 134

BAL BAL
a la- BALADE-ROYAL. A balade anciently meant
BAIT. (1) A luncheon ; a meal takenIn by Torrent any short composition in verse, or even in mea-
bourer inthe morning. Var. dial.
sured lines. A poem written in stanzas of
of Portugal, p. 66, it apparently means to re- eight lines was formerly said to be composed
; stop to feed.
fresh to
Var. dial in balade-royal A poem byLydgate, in MS.
(2) To lower a bargain. Ashmole 59, f. 22, is called a balade-royal, and
(3) To nutter. A hawking term. several other pieces in the same MS. are said
(4) Food ; pasture. North.
B AIT AND. Explained by Hearne, in great haste. to be written " balade-wyse." Stanihurst,
See Peter Langtoft, p. 307. Description of Ireland, p. 40, mentions one
BAITEL. To thrash. North. Dormer who wrote in ballad-royal.
BAITH. Both. North. BALANCE. (1) Balances. Shak.
BAIT-POKE. A bag to carry provisions in. (2)to Doubt ; uncertainty. " To lay in balance,"
North. wager. Chaucer.
BAJARDOUR. A carter ; the bearer of any BALANCERS. Makers of balances. See the
weight or burden. Kersey. curious enumeration of the different trades in
Cocke Lorelles Bote, p. 10.
BAK. A bat. " The blode of a Idk" is an in-
gredient ina medical receipt in MS. Lincoln BALASE. To balance. Baret. Cf. Harrison's
A. i. 17, f. 282. Description of England, p. 235.
Thane come thare flyande amangez thame tta7ekes> BALASTRE. A cross-bow. Cascton.
grettere thane wilde dowfes, and thaire tethe ware BALATE. To bleat ; to bellow. Salop.
lyke mene tethe, and thay didd mene mekille disese BALAYS. A kind of ruby. See Palsgrave,
and hurte. Life of Alexander, MS. Lincoln, f. 29. subst. f. 1 9- JBalayn, in Richard Coer de Lion,
BAKED. Incrusted. Var. dial 2982, is perhaps the plural of this word. See
BAKED-MEAT. Means generally, meat pre- also Skelton's Works, ii. 347 ; Court of Love,
pared bybaking ; but, in the common usage of 80 ; Cotgrave, in v. Balay ; Ordinances and
our ancestors, it signified more usually a meat- Regulations, p. 120.
pie. This signification has been a good deal BALCHE. To belch. Huloet.
overlooked. Nares. BALCHING. Anunfledged bird. West.
BAKEN. Baked. BALCOON. A balcony. Howett.
BAKERLEGGED. A person whose legs bend BALD. Swift ; sudden. Verstegan.
outwards is said to be bakerlegged. Grose has BALDACHIN. A canopy, usually supported by
laker-knee 'd, " one whose knees knock toge- columns, and raised over altars, tombs, &c. ;
ther in walking, as if kneading dough." See but more particularly used where the altars
Cotgrave, in v. Billart. were insulated, as was customary in early
BAKER'S-DOZEN. Thirteen. Sometimes, four- churches. Britton.
teen. Florio has, " Serqua, a dozen, namely BALDAR-HERBE. The amaranthus. Huloet.
of egges, or, as we say, a baker's dozen, that BALDCOOT. The water-hen. Drayton. Spelt
is, thirteene to the dozen." See also the same balled-cote in Walter de Bibblesworth, MS.
dictionary, in v. Aggimta. Arund. 220, f. 301.
BAKESTER. A female baker. Derbysh. In
BALDE. (1) Bold. Minot.
Pier's
in Ploughman,
the same sense. pp. 14, 47, we have bakstere (2) To encourage. (A.-S.)
BALDELICHE. Boldly.
BAKHALFE. Hinder part. See Restoration of This woman wente forth baldeliche,
Edward IV., p. 14. Hardy hy was y-nouj.
There biganne many vanitees growe upon hym, MS. Coll. Ti-in. Oxon. 57.
as hit were upon his bakhalfe.
Caxton's Divers Fruytful Ghostly Maters.
BALDELY. Boldly. Minot.
BAKHOUSE. A bakehouse. North. Seethe BALDEMOYNE. Gentian. See MS. Sloane 5,
Prompt. Parv. p. 2L f. 5 ; Prompt. Parv. p. 22.
Loke how a seke man, for his hele,
BAKIN. The quantityThis
time. Yorkshire. 'of bread bakedoccurs
term also at one
in Taketh baldemoyne with canelle.
Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 49.
the Prompt. Parv. p. 21.
BAKING-DRAUGHT. Part of the hinder quar- BALDER. (1) To use coarse language. East.
ter gfan ox. See Holme's Academy of Ar- (2) Bolder. * Reliq. Antiq. ii. 20.
mory, iii. 87. BALDERDASH. Explained " hodge-podge" in
BAKK. A cheek. Stevenson. the glossary to Tim Bobbin. Any mixture of
BAKKER. More backwards. rubbish is called balderdash. See Disraeli's
With that anone I went me bajcker more, Amenities of Literature, i. 234. In some dis-
Myselfe and I methought we were i-now. tricts the term is more restricted to absolute
Chaucer, MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 99. filth, whether applied to language or in its
BAKPANER. A kind of basket ; probably a literal sense. Ben Jonson calls bad liquor by
pannier carried on the back. Caxton. this name, and it is occasionally found as a
BAKSTALE. Backwards, Prompt Parv. verb, to mix or adulterate any liquor.
BAL. (1) A flame. See Stevenson's additions BALDFACED. White-faced. Yorksh.
to Boucher, in v. This may be the meaning BALD-KITE. A buzzard. In Cotgrave it is
the translation of buzart and buze.
of the word in Wright's Political Songs, p. 318.
(2) A mine. West. BALDLY. Boldly, Minot.
 135 BAL
BAL
BALDOCK. Some kind of tool, mentioned in BALHEW. Plain ; smooth. Prompt. Parv.
the 51st section appended to Howell's Lexi- BALI AGE. The office of a baTiff. See Florio,
con. in v. Bagliuo, Baile.
BALDORE. Bolder. Rob. Glouc. p. 509. BALIST. An ancient engine, or kind of ord-
BALD RIB. Not the same as the spare-rib, as nance, for projecting stones.
generally stated, which has fat and lean, and is BALISTAR. A man using a cross-bow.
cut off the neck. The baldrib is cut lower BALK. (1) A ridge of greensward left by the
down, and is. devoid of fat; hence the name, plough in ploughing, or by design between,
according to Minsheu. different occupancies in a common field. The
BALD RICK. A belt, girdle, or sash, of various term is translated by terrtp porca in an old
kinds; sometimes a sword-belt. There are vocabulary in MS. Bodl. 604, f. 39 ; but by
several instances where it would seem to have
been merely a collar or strap round the neck, grumus,
1608, p. a89. heap,
Seeinalso
"Withals'
Reliq.Dictionarie,
Antiq. ii. 81ed.;
though it was more generally passed round Cotgrave, in v. Assillonnement, Cheintre;
one side of the neck, and under the opposite Towneley Myst. p. 99 ; Cov. Myst. p. 343 ;
arm. See Hayward's Annals of Qu. Eliz. Piers Ploughman, p. 123; Nomenclator, p.
p. 30 ; Fabian, p. 540 ; Prompt. Parv. p. 27 ; 385 ; Florio, in v. Delirdre; Holinshed, Hist.
Hall, Henry VIII., ff. 3, 6 ; Malone's Shake- Ireland, p. 174. From this last example it
speare, mi. 22 ; Lydgate's Minor Poems, p. 8 ; appears that the explanation given by Withals
Croft's Excerpta Antiqua, p. 13 ; Cyprian Aca- is correct, and Baret has, " a balke or banke
demy, 1647, ii. 21 ; MS. Bib. Reg. 7 C. xvi. of earth raysed or standing up betweene twoo
f. 68 ; Cunningham's Revels Accounts, p. 126 ; furrowes." To draw a balk is to draw a
Strati, ii. 50 ; Patterne of Painfull Adventures, straight furrow across a field.
p. 206 ; Todd's Illustrations, p. 320. A kind (2) A particular beam used in the construction
of cake, made probably in the shape of a belt, of a cottage, especially a thatched one. The
was called a baudrick. See some old printed sidewalls and gables being erected, a pair of
receipts in 4to. C. 39, Art. Seld. in Bibl. Bodl. couples or strong supports is placed between
and Wyl Buckets Testament, p. 34. each pair of gables, and the balk is the strong
BALDUCTUM. A term applied by Nash to beam, running horizontally, that unites these
some of the affected expressions of Gabriel below. This balk is often used in the poorer
Harvey. It seems to have been nearly syno- cottages to hang various articles on, a custom
nymous with balderdash, and is found in a alluded to in Chaucer, Cant. T., 3626;
similar sense in Stanihurst's Description of Hawkins' Engl. Dram. i. 1 71. A similar beam
Ireland, p. 29. in a stable or outhouse is also called a balk,
BALDWEIN. Gentian. Gerard.
as in Topsell's Foure Footed Beasts, p. 395 ;
BALE. (1) Sorrow; evil; mischief. (A.-S.) Kennett's Glossary, MS. Lansd. 1033; and
Ryght thus I mene. I mak no lengcre tale, the term is occasionally applied generally to
Butje do thus, grettere growyth oure bale* any beam or rafter. See also Prompt. Parv.
MS RawL Poet. 118.
Therwhile, sire, that I tolde this tale, pp.21, 30, 196; Tusser, p. 204; Skelton, i.
Thi sone mighte thoiie dethes bale. 114; Book of Rates, 1675, p. 24. Huloet
Sevyn Sages, 702. has, " balke ende whych appeareth under the
Basil wood. Skinner. eaves of a house, procer."
The scrotum ? Stevenson. Byude hit furste with bulks and bonde,
Ten reams of paper. Kennett. And wynde hit siththen with good wonde.
Cwrsor Mitndi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab., f. 11.
A pair of dice is frequently called a bale.
This term is found in Skelton, Ben Jonson, (3) To heap up in a ridge or hillock, in 1 Henry
and later writers. IV., i. 1. It seems to have the usual meaning
T6) The belly. Madden. of omit in Tarn. Shrew, i. 1; Sanderson's
(1} Destruction. Prompt. Para. Sermons, 1689, p. 39. " Balk the way,." get
BALEFUL. Evil ; baneful. This word occurs out of the way, Downfall of Robert, Earl of
in 2 Henry VI., iii. 2, and earlier in Syr Huntingdon, p. 80.
Gawayne, p. 105. (4) A simple piece of machinery used in the
BALEIS. A large rod. (A.-N.) Also the dairy districts of the county of Suffolk, into
verb baleisen, to beat with a rod, which is which the cow's head is put while she is
still in use in some parts of Shropshire. Piers milked.
Ploughman. (5) Straight young trees after they are felled are
BALENA. A whale. (Lat.} in Norfolk called balks.
The huge leviathan is but a shrimpe (6) " To be thrown ourt' balk," is, in the West
Compar'd with our balena on the land. Riding of Yorkshire, to be published in the
Tragedy of Hotfman, 1631.
church. "To hing ourt* balk" is marriage
BALEW. Evil. (A.-S.) deferred after publication.
BALEYNE. Whalebone ? Skinner. It is pos- BALKE. (1) To leave a balk in ploughing.
sible this may be the same with balayn in But so wel halteno man the plogh,
Richard Goer de Lion, 2U82. That he.ue balketh otherviile.
BALEZ, Bowels, Gaw. trVw,T, MS. Sue. Aitttq. 134. f. $<*,
 BAL 130 BAL
(2) To belch. (A.-S.) (2) Palsgrave has, « I balle as a curre dogge
Perceavyngby the grefo of their comraunicati-ms
the dukes pryde nowe and then to balJfe outealytle dothe, je hurle."
BALLED. Bald. "Balled
(1) argument. reson," a bald
brayde of envye towarde the glorye of the kynge. reson, a bare Cf. Piers Ploughman,
Hardyng, Supp. f. 84.
pp. 176, 436; Dial. Great. Moral, p. 109;
(3) To be angry. Reynard the Foxe. Chaucer, Cant. T., 198, 2520; Depos. Rich.
BALKER. A great beam. East. II. p. 29 ; Reliq. Antiq. ii. 179.
BALKERS. Persons wbo stand on high places (2) Whitefaced. North.
near the sea-coast, at the time of herring BALLEDNESSE. Baldness. See Reliq. Antiq.
fishing, to make signs to the fishermen which ii. 56 ; Rob. Glouc. p. 482.
way the shoals pass. Blount. BALLERAG. To banter; to rally in a con-
BALKING. A ridge of earth. Latimer. temptuous way; to abuse; to scold. Var.
BALK-PLOUGHING. A particular mode of dial.
inter- BALLESSE. Ballast. Huloet.
vals. East. in which ridges are left at
ploughing,
BALLIARDS. The game of billiards. Spenser
BALKS. The hay-loft. Chesh. Kexmett, MS. has it, and it is also found in Florio, in v.
Lansd. 1033, says the hen-roost was so called. Ciigole.
BALK-STAFF. A quarter-staff. North. BALLINGER. A small sailing vessel. The
Balk-staves and cudgels, pikes and truncheons, word occurs with various orthographies in Har-
Brown bread and cheese, that swam by luncheons. rison's Description of Britaine, p. 79 ; Hall,
Cotton's Poetical Works, 1734, p. 12. Henry V. f. 26 ; Egerton Papers, p. 12 ; State
BALL. (1) Bald. Somerset. Papers, ii.and 76; Household
Hardyng's Expences,
Chronicle, pp.f. Ill;
(2) The pupil of the eye. " Ball, or apple of Manners 222,
the eye."Son Huloet, 1552. 470. Among the miscellaneous documents at
after, wen he was halle, the Rolls House is one, 1. 187, containing an
Then began to slak hyr balls.
Guy of Warwick, Middlehill MS.
account of the charges for repairing and rig-
ging of the " lallyngar named the Sunday,"
(3) The palm of the hand. YorJcsh. Also the A. D. 1532. See also Ducange, in v. BaUn-
round part at the bottom of a horse's foot.
See Florio, in v. Cdllo. And toke londe nygh to a gret tourment that was
(4) A name given to various animals. It is called
garia. Couleigne, and went to londe in a totlangere,
mentioned as the name of a horse in Chaucer he and xxi. men with hym. MS. Bigby 185.
and Tusser, of a sheep in the Promptorium, BALL-MONEY. Money demanded of a mar-
and of a dog in the Privy Purse Expences of riage company, and given to prevent their
Henry VIIL, p. 43. It is the common name being maltreated. In the North it is custo-
of a field in Devonshire. mary for a party to attend at the church
(5) The body of a tree. Lane. gates, after a wedding, to enforce this claim.
BALLACE. To stuff; to fill. Ballast, filled, The gift has received this denomination, as
Comedy of Errors, iii. ?. Cf. Hall's Satires, being originally designed for the purchase of
iv. 5 ; Ford's Tracts, p, 9. Huloet has balas- a foot -ball. BrocJcett. The custom is men-
sen, translated by sadurro. tioned byColes and Miege.
BALLAD. To sing ballads, Shak* BALLOCK-GRASS. The herb dogs'-stones.
BALLADIN. A kind of dance, mentioned by Gerarde.
Minsheu and Skinner. BALLOCKS. Testiculi. (A.-S.} There is a
BALLANDES. Ballauces? Ballandes are men- receipt "for swellinge of lallokis" in MS.
tioned in the Rates of the Custome House, Bib. Reg. 17 A. iii. f. 149. Cf. Reliq. Antiq.
1545, quoted in the Brit. Bibl, ii. 398. ii. 280. Receipts for a mess called lalolc
BALLANS. Ballances.
BALLANT. A ballad. North. Irothe are given in Warner's Antiq. Culm. p.
68, Forme qf Cury, p. 53. It appears from
BALLARD. A castrated ram. Devon. The
Palsgrave's Acolastus, 1540, that ballocke-
word occurs in an obscure sense in Reliq. An- stones was once a term of endearment. Some-
tiq. ii. 56, times spelt lalloxs, as in an early receipt in
BALLART. One of the names 'of tfce hare in Bright MS. t 14.
the curious poem printed in Reliq. Antiq, i, 133. BALLOK-KNYF. A knife tog from the girdle.
BALLAST. A ruby. See Balays. Piers Ploughman.
BALLASTER. A small pillar usually made BALLOON. A large inflated ball of strong
circular, and swelling towards the bottom, leather, formerly used in a game called balloon,
commonly used in a balustrade. Oxf. Gloss. the ball being struck by the arm, which was
Arch, defended by a bracer of wood. The antiquity
BALLATRQN. A rascal; a thief. Minsheu. of aerostation has been absurdly Deduced from
BALLE, (1) The "bajle in the hode," a curious the mention of this game in Du Bartas. It is
phrase for the head, occurring in Urry's spelt tattoo in Ben Jonson, iii. 216. Cf. Ran-
Chaucer, p. 625; Kyng Alisaunder, 6481;
Towneley Mist. p. 17 ; Arthour and Merlin, dolph's Poems, 1643, p. 105 ; Cunningham's
Revels Accounts, p. xvii. ; Middletou's Works,
p. 16. iv. 342 ; Strutt's Sports, p. 96 ; Florio, in v. Bal*
 lerr
BAL BAN
kniere, Cdlcio, Giocdre, Gonfiatoio ; Cotgrave, be the same as ballock-broth previously men-
in v. Baton, Brassal; Ordinances and Regula- tioned, inv. Battocks.
tions, p.328. BALOYNGE.
Eyrher arm an elne long,
BALLOW. (1) Bony; thin, Drayton. Baloynge mengeth al by-mongj
(2) To select or bespeak. It is used by boys at Ase baum ys hire bleo.
play, when they select a goal or a companion Wright's Lyric Poetry, p. 35,
of their game. North. BALSAM-APPLE. A herb mentioned by Florio
(3) A pole ; a stick ; a cudgel. North. It is in v. Car&nza.
found in King Lear, iv. 6, ed. 1623, p. 304. BALSAMUM. Balsam. Sha/c. Florio has lal-
BALL'S-BULL. A person who has no ear for samint, in v. Eupatoria.
music
who had is sometimes compared
so little that to Ball's
he kicked bull,
the fiddler
BALSOMATB. Embalmed.
He made his ymage of laton full clene,
over the bridge. East. In whiche he put his body balsomate-
BALL-STELL. A geometrical quadrant. See Hardyng's Chroniclet f. 93.
the Nomenclator, p. 303. In MS. Addit. 5008, BALSTAPF. Same as balk-staff, q. v. Chaucer
a story is told of a boy who had been for some has this form of the word, which is also given
time very attentively watching his father take by Ray. It means a large pole or staff.
the altitude of a star with his balla-stella, when BALTER. To cohere together. Warw. See
suddenly he observed the star shoot, and testi- Blood-loitered. The word occurs in the M orte
fied his delight by exclaiming, " Ye have hyt Arthure, MS. Lincoln, A. i. 17, f. 61, in the
hir, father ; she is fawln, she is fawln !" sense of to caper, to dance about.
BALL-STONE. A measure of iron-stone which BALTHAZAR. One of the kings of Coleyn, the
lies near the surface ; a kind of limestone found three magi who came from the East to worship
near Wenlock. Salop. the new-b orn Saviour. Mr. Wright has printed
BALL-THISTLE. A species of thistle, men- the early English legend of these kings in his
tioned by Gerard, p. 990. edition of the Chester Plays. Howell, p. 5,
BALLU. Mischief; sorrow. (^.-5.) has the proverb, " Brave man at arms, but
BALLUP. The front or flap of smallclothes.
Nor thumb. The term is found in Ritson's weak to Balthasar."
BALUSTER. A bannister.
Robin Hood, ii. 154, left unexplained by the
editor. BALWE. (1) Mischief; sorrow. (^.-5.)
(2) Plain ; smooth. Prompt. Pan?.
BALLY. (1) A Utter of pigs. North. BALY. (1) Evil; sorrow.
(2) To grow distended. Salop. Bot thei schryve them of ther glotony,
(3) Comfortable. West, In hell schall be ther baly. MS. AshmoU 61 . f. 86.
BALLYS. Bellows. Salop. The form balyws (2) A belly. Balyd, bellied, occurs in the Hunt-
occurs in Tundale, p. 34. tyng of the Hare, 187-
BALLYVE. A bailiff.
(3) A bailiff. See Wright's Monastic Letters,
BALMER. Apparently some kind of coloured p. 174 ; Prompt. Parv. p. 22.
cloth, " Barrones in balmer and byse." Ches- (4) Dominion ; government.
ter Plays, i. 1 72. The Bodl. MS. reads Cannier, If thou be pareld most of price,(A-N.}
BALNEAL. Refreshing. HowelL And ridis here in thi balye. MS* Cantab. Ff. v. 48.
BALNY. A bath. This seems- to be the mean- BALYSCHEPE. The office of a bailiff. Prompt.
Parv.
ing of the word in Ashmole's Theat. Chem.
Brit. p. 143. BALZAN. A horse with white feet. Howell
BALO. A beam in buildings ; any piece of BAL3E, Ample ; swelling. Gaw.
squared timber. East. BAM. A false tale, or jeer. YorJcsh. Also a
BALON. In justs of peace, the swords were verb, to make fun of a person.
pointless and rendered blunt, being often of BAMBLE. To walk unsteadily. East.
baton, as it was termed, which seems to have BAMBOOZLE. To threaten f to deceive; to
been of whalebone, covered with leather, and make fan of a person, A very piquant use is
silvered over. Meyrick. made of this word in Gibber's comedy of " She
BALOTADE. An attempt made by a horse to Would and She Would Not."
kick. Diet. Husb. BAMBY. By and by. Devon.
BALOURGLY. A kind of broth. The method B AMCHICHE S. A kind of chiches, mentioned
of making it is described in Warner's Antiq. by Plorio, in v. Arietini.
Culm. p. 49. BAME. To anoint with balm.
BALOU3T. About. (A.-S.) And bade me bnme me vrelle aboute,
BALOW. (1) A nursery term, forming part of Whenne hit wolde other water or wese.
MS. Cantab. Ff. i, 6, f. 46.
the burthen of a lullaby. North.
(2) A spirit ; properly, aii evil spirit. (A.-S.} BAMMEL. To beat ; to pommel Salop.
"With many aungels and arkaungels, BAN. (1) A curse. Shak,
And other baloir*, als the buke telles.
MS. Bibl. Coll. Swn. xviii. 6.
e.
(2) ToAndcurssumme bctnite the, and some blesse.
B ALO W-BROTH. An ancient dish in • cookery, MS. Cantab. Ff. ii- 38. f. JA
described in MS. Sloane 1201, f. 45. It may | (3) A kind of dumpling.
 138
BAN BAN
(4) To shut out p to stop. Somerset. BANDERS. Associators; conspirators; men
precept, summons, edict, pro- bound to each other by the mutual ties of a
(5) Command,
clamation, ordinance. So explained by Hearne. party. Boucher.
See an instance of it in Rob. Glouc, p. 188. BANDISH. A bandage. North.
BAND-KIT. A kind of great can with a cover.
BANBURY. Howell gives two proverbs con- North.
cerning this town — 1. Like B anbury tinkers,
who in stopping one hole make two ; 2. As BAN DO. A proclamation. Shirley.
wise as the mayor of Banbury, who would BANDOG. According to Nares, a dog always
prove that Henry III. was before Henry II. kept tied up on account of his fierceness, and
with a view to increase that quality in him,
According to> Grose, a nonsensical tale is called which it certainly would do. Bewick describes
a " Banbury story of a cock and bull ;" so it as a species of mastiff, produced by a mix-
from these evidences it would not appear that
the Banburians were remarkable for sagacity. ture with the bull-dog. See Withals' Dic-
Banbury, at the commencement of the seven- tionarie, p. 77 ; Ford's Works, ii. 526 ; Robin
teenth century, was celebrated for its number Hood, ii, 64.
BANDOLEERS. Little wooden cases covered
of puritans, and Ben Jonson calls a puritan a
Banbury man. It is now principally known with leather, each of them containing the
for its cakes. Bardolf, in the Merry Wives charge of powder for a musket, and fastened
of Windsor, compares Slender to Banbury to a broad band of leather, which the person
cheese, which seems to have been remarkably who was to use them put round his neck.
thin, for the older Tom Hey wood observes The band itself is also frequently termed a
that he " never saw Banbury cheese thick bandoleer. See Middleton's Works, v. 517;
enough." There is a receipt for making this Unton Inventories, p. 3 ; Songs of the London
cheese in MS. Sloane 1201, f. 3. Prentices, p. 68.
BANCKEROWTE. Bankrupt. Huloet. BANDON. Dominion; subjection; disposal.
BANCO. A bank of money. An Italian word (A.-N.) See Gij of Warwike, p. 136 ; Robson's
introduced in Marlowe's Jew of Malta, iv. 1. Met. Rom., p. 11 ; Ritson's Songs, i. 56 ; Lang-
BAND. (1) A bond; a covenant; an engage- toft, p. 141 ; Rom. of the Rose, 1163 ; Kyng
ment. See Percy's Reliques, p. 13; State Alisaunder, 3180, 5505, 7720 ; Le Bone Flo-
Papers,!. 11. rence of Rome, 695.
Here i-gyf I jow be band Merci, queth, ich me yelde
An c, pownd worth of land. Sir Degrevant, 869. Recreaunt to the in this felde,
(2) A hyphen. The word is used in this sense So harde the smitest upon me krown>
in the French Alphabet, 1615, p. 68. Jch do me alle in the banduvn.
Beve& of Hamtoun, p. 42.
f3) A string of any kind. North.
Have thys rope yn thyn hande, As thou art knyght of renowne,
And holde the faste by the bande. I do me all yn thy bandowne.
MS. Cantab. FL ii. 38, f. 130. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 102.

(4) Imprisonment. But he me put out of his bandome,

His moder dame Alienore, and the barons of this land, And yef to me no maner audience.
For him travailed sore, and brouht him out of band. Lydgate, MS. 4shm. 39, f. 20.
BANDORE. A musical instrument, somewhat
Langtoft's Chronicle, p. 201.
(5) A space of ground, containing twenty yards similar to a guitar. According to Boucher,
square. North. bass-viols are often called bandores in Glouces-
(6) As an article of ornament for the neck, was tershireand
; Grose applies the term to " a
the common wear of gentlemen. The clergy widow's mourning peak," where I suspect an
and lawyers, who now exclusively retain them, error for Fr. bandeau. The bandore is said to
formerly wore ruffs. See the description of a have been invented by one John Rose, in the
gentleman reign of Elizabeth ; but it is more probable
and Minsheu,in Thynne's
in v. Debate, p. 19 ; Nares
that he merely introduced a variation of the
(7) The neck feathers of a cock. Holme. Italian jpandura, an instrument very similar
BANDE. Bound. Cf. Collier's Old Ballads, both in form and name.
p. 15 ; Ywaine and Gawin, 1776.
A mawnger ther he fande,
BANDORF. A penon banner. Holme.
Come therin lyggande, BAND ROLL. A little streamer, banner, or pen-
Therto his mere he bande non, usually fixed near the point of a lance.
With the withy. Sir Perceval, 443. (Fr.) See Drayton's Poems, p. 11; Percy's
BANDED-MAIL. A kind of armour, which Reliques, p. 271 ; Florio, in v. Banderella.
consisted of alternate rows of leather or cotton, BANDS. The hinges of a door. North.
and single chain-mail. BANDSTERS. Those who, in reaping, during
BANDEL. Florio translates landelle, " side harvest, bind the sheaves. North.
corners in a house; also any bandels." See BANDSTRINGS. Translated by Miege, glands
also the same lexicographer, in v. Bendelldre, de rabat. Cf. Strutt, ii. 99, 222. They were
Falda. prohibited to be imported by 14 Car. II. See
BANDELET. Florio has ** Cidrpa, any kind of Book of Rates, p. 179. According to Jamie-
scarfe or fiandelet" See also Strutt's Dress son, they were strings going across the breast
and Habits, ii. 124. for tying in an ornamental way.
 139 BAN
BAN
BANDSTROT. A charm. BANGE. Light fine rain. Essex.
BANDY. (1) A game played with sticks called BANGER. (1) A large person. Var. dial
bandies, bent and round at cue end, and a (2) A hard blow. Salop.
small wooden ball, which each party endea- (3) A great falsehood. Warw.
vours to drive to opposite fixed points. North- BANGING. Great ; large. Var. dial
brooke, in 1577, mentions it as a favourite game Lane.
BANGLE. (1) To spend one's money foolishly.
in Devonshire. It is sometimes called bandy-
ball, and an early drawing of the game is co- (2) A large rough stick. Ash.
B ANGLED. Corn or young shoots are said to
pied in Strutt's Sports and Pastimes, p. 102.
(2) A hare. East. be bangled when beaten about by the rain or
(3) To toss a ball, a term at tennis. See Dray- wind. A Zrangtedhai means one bent down or
slouched. East.
ton's Poems, p. 10 ; Malone's Shakespeare, x.
52 ; Hawkins' Eng. Dram. iii. 171. BANGLE-EARED. Having loose and hanging
(4) To join in a faction. Minskeu. ears, our es flaccidce et pendul®, as Upton de-
(5) Flexible; without substance. A term ap- fines itin his MS. additions to Junius in the
plied to bad cloth in the Stat. 43 Eliz. c. 10. Bodleian Library. Miege translates it, " qui
Skinner.
a les oreilles pendantes."
BANDY-HEWIT. A little bandy-legged dog; BANGSTRAW. A nick-name for a thresher,
a turnspit. Otherwise explained, " a name but applied to all the servants of a farmer.
given to any dog, when persons intend to use Grose.
it in making sport of its master." Lane. BANG-UP. A substitute for yeast. Staffordsh.
BANDY-HOSHOE. A game at ball, common BANIS. Destruction. Ritson.
in Norfolk, and played in a similar manner to BANJY. Dull; gloomy. Essex.
bandy, q. v. BANK. (1) To beat. Exmoor.
BANDYLAN. A bad woman. North. (2) A term at the game of bowls, mentioned by
BANDYN. Bound. (_4.-£) Cotgrave, in v. Bricoler; and also at truck, as
BANDY-WICKET. The game of cricket, played in Holme's Academy, iii. 263.
with a bandy instead of a bat. East. (3) To coast along a bank. This seems to be the
BANE. (1) A bone. North. sense of the word in King John, v. 2. See also
Agayne he wode that water onane, Florio, in v. Corriudre.
Nerehand for-nomene on ilke a bane. (4) A piece of unslit fir-wood, from four to ten
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 125. inches square, and of any length. Bailey.
(2) To afflict with a bad disease. West. This BANKAFALET. An old game at cards men-
term is not applied exclusively to animals. tioned in a little work caSed " Games most in
(3) A murderer. (A.-S.) Use," 12mo. Lond. 1701. The whole packis
(4) Kind ; courteous ; friendly. North. This is parcelled out into as many parts as there are
Kennett's
Lansd. 1033. explanation of the word in MS.
BANKAGE.
players. Is mentioned by Harrison among
(5) Destruction. Chaucer. thepreedia of Otto, in his Description of Eng-
(6) Near ; convenient. North. land, p.158.
BANEBERRY. The herb Christopher. SJdnner. BANKER. (1) A cloth, carpet, or covering of
BANED. Age-stricken. Park. tapestry for a form, bench, or seat. In an in-
BANEHOUND. To make believe ; to intend ; ventory off
" clothys" in MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6,
to purpose ; to suspect. Somerset. f. 58, mention is made of " iij. bankkers."
BANERER. The bearer of a banner. Clifton. Any kind of small coverlet was afterwards
called a banker, as in Brit. Bibl. ii 398 j Book
BANES. ' The banns of matrimony. Somerset. of Rates, p. 25.
See Webster's Works, i. 47, and the authori-
ties there quoted. The proclamations of the (2) An excavator, employed inter alia in making
old mysteries were called banes, as in the embankments. Line.
Chester Plays, i. 1. Ban is a French word, BANKETT. A banquet. See Halle's Expostu-
and signifies a proclamation by sound of lation, p.14 ; Arch. xxii. 232.
trumpet. BANK-HOOK. A large fish-hook, which derives
BANEWORT. The nightshade. SHnner. its name from being laid baited in brooks or
BANG. (1) To go with rapidity. Cwmb. running water, and attached by a line to the
bank. Salop.
(2) To strike ; to shut with violence. Var. dial.
Hence, to surpass, to beat. BANKROUT. A bankrupt. Still in use in the
t3) A blow. Var. dial North. Often spelt larikerout, as in Wright's
f 4) A stick ; a club. North. Passions of the Minde, 1621, p. 246, or ban-
(5) A hard cheese made of milk several times kers-out, Du Bartas, p. 365. It is also a verb,
skimmed. Suffolk. to become bankrupt ; and Nares gives an ex-
ample of it in tlie sense of bmkrwpicy* Sir
(6) " In a bang," in a hurry. North.
BANG-A-BONK. To lie lazily on a bank. James Harrington mentions a game at cards
Staffordsh. called lanfterovt. See Arch, viii 149.
BANG-BEGGAR. A beadle. Derlysh. Also BANKS. The seats on w&eK the rowers of a
a term of reproach, a vagabond. boat sit j also, the sides of a vessel. Marston..
I
 140
BAN BAP
thick in cakes of a few inches in diameter.
BANKS'-HORSE. A learned horse, kept by a
person named Banks in the time of Elizabeth, Ray explains it, " an oat-cake kneaded with
and constantly alluded to by writers of the water only, and baked in the embers." A
time under his name of Morocco. One of his kind of hard ship biscuit sometimes goes
under this name.
exploits is said to have been the ascent of St.
BANNUT. A walnut. West. The growing
Paul's steeple. The author of the Life and tree is called a bannut tree, but the converted
Death of Mrs. Mary Frith, 1662, p. 75, says,
timber walnut. The term occurs as early as
" I shall never forget my fellow humourist 1697 in MS. Lansd. 1033, f. 2.
Banks the vintner in Cheapside, who taught
BANNYD. Banished. (^.-M)
his horse to dance and shooed him with silver." Mede and Palseheed assocyed are,
In MS. Ashm. 826, f. 179, is a curious satiri- Trowthe bannyd ys, the blynde may »»* *e ;
cal piece entitled, " A bill of fare sent to Manye a mon they make fulle bare,
Bankes the vintner in Cbeape-side, in May A strange compleynt ther ys of every degiv
MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 135.
1637 ;" and an unnoticed anecdote respecting
his horse occurs in Jests to make you Merie, BANQUET. (1) Generally means a dessert in
1607, p. 12. the works of our early writers. According to
BANKSIDE. Part of the borough of Southwark, Gifford the banquet was usually placed in a
famous in Shakespeare's time for its theatres, separate room, to which the guests removed
and as the residence of a certain class of when they had dined. This was called the
ladies. See further particulars in Nares, p. 26. banquetting room. See Beaumont and
BANKSMAN. One who superintends the busi- Fletcher, iii. 437; Ford's Works, i. 231;
ness of the coal pit. Deroysh. Middleton's Works, iii. 252; Malone's Shake-
BANK-UP. To heap up. " It is banking up," speare, v.510.
spoken of a cloud gathering before a shower. (2)Diet.
Part Rust,
of theinbranch of a horse's bit. See the
Devon. v.
BANKY. A lanky piece, a field with banks in BANQUETER. A banker. Huloet.
it. Hercfordsh. BANRENT. A banneret ; a noble. Gaw.
BANLES. Without bones. BANRET. Same as banneret, q. v. According
BANNE. To ban; to curse; to banish. (A.-N.) to Stanihurst, Des. of Ireland, p. 39, " he is
See Piers Ploughman, pp. 18, 143, 167, 310. properlie called a banret, whose father was no
Bannee occurs apparently in a similar sense carpet knight, but dubbed in the field under
in the Exmoor Scolding, p. 11.
BANNER. A body of armed men, varying from the
458. banner or ensigne." Cf. Sir Degrevant
twenty to eighty. See the State Papers, BANSCHYN. To banish. Prompt. Parv.
ii. 46.
BANSEL. To beat ; to punish. Staffordsh.
BANNERELL. A little streamer or flag. See BANSTICKLE. The stickleback. Huloet. The
Florio, in v. Bandaruola ; Arch, xii. 350. term is still in use in Wiltshire, pronounced
BANNERERE. A standard-bearer. Weber. lanticle.
BANNERET. A knight made in the field with BANT. A string. Lane.
the ceremony of cutting off the point of his BANTAMWORK. A very showy kind of painted
standard, and making it a banner. or carved work. Ash.
Thane the banerettez of Bretayne broghte thame
to tentes. Marts Arthurs, MS. Line. A. i. 17, f. 78. BAN WORT. A violet. Dunelm. According
BANNERING. An annual custom of perambu- to Cooper, bellis is "the whyte daysy, called of
lating the bounds of a parish, for the purpose some the margarite, in the North banwoort"
of maintaining the local jurisdiction and See Bibl. Eliotae, ed. 1559, in v. Our first
privileges. Salop. explanation is given on Kennett's authority,
MS. Lansd. 1033. (A.-S. Banwyrt.)
BANNET-HAY. A rick-yard. Wilts. BANY. Bony ; having large bones. North*
BANNEY. St. Barnabas. /. Wight.
BANNICK. To beat ; to thrash. Sussex. BANYAN-DAY. A sea term for those days on
which no meat is allowed to the sailors.
B ANNIKIN. A small drinking cap.
But since it is resolved otherwise, I pray you bid BANYER. A standard-bearer. (A.-N.)
the butler bring up his bannikins, and I'll make BANYNGE. A kind of bird. "A sparlynge
you all lords like myself. or a banynge" is mentioned in MS. Arund,
Account of Groceri? Company, p. 25. 249, f. 90. See also the Archaeologia, xiii.
BANNIN. That which is used for shutting or 341. The sparling is described by Randal
stopping. Somerset. Holme, p. 293 ; but it is also the name of the
BANNIS. A stickleback. Wilts. smelt, which may be here intended.
BANNISTERS. A term which is supposed to BANZELL. A long lazy fellow. North.
mean travellers in distress. It occurs in the BAON. The enclosed space between the ex-
ancient accounts of the parish of Chudleigh, ternal walls and the body of a fortress. See
co. Devon. See Carlisle on Charities, p. 288. the State Papers, ii. 441.
BANNOCK. A thick round cake of bread, not BAP. A piece of baker's bread, varying from
a loaf. At Worsley, co. Lane., it is thus one penny to twopence in value, generally in
made — oatmeal and water two parts, treacle the shape of an elongated rhombus, but some-
one part, baked about one fourth of an inch times circular. North.
 141
BAI
BAPTEME. Baptism. mentioned in Merry W. of "Windsor, ii. 2 ;
BAPTISM. A ceremony performed in merchant Henry V., ii. 1.
vessels which pass the line for the first time, BARBE. A hood, or muffier, which covered
both upon the ships and men. The custom tlie lower part of the face. According to
Strutt, it was a piece of white plaited linen
is fully
ed. in v. described in Bailey's Dictionary, fol. and belonged properly to mourning, being
BAPTYSTE. Baptism. Ritson. generally worn under the chin. The feathers
BAR. (1) A baron. Rob. Glouc. under the beak of a hawk were called the
(2) To shut ; to close. North. barbe feders, so that there may possibly be
(3) A joke. North. some connexion between the terms ; and in
(4) A horseway up a hill. Derby sh. the Dial. Great. Moral, p. 223, mention is
(5) To lay claim or make choice of; a term used made of an animal with " a barlydde chynne"
by boys at play when they select a particular In Syr Gawayne the word is applied to the
situation or place. edge of an axe, and the points of arrows are
called barbes,
(6) A feather in a hawk's wing. Earners. BARBED. An epithet formerly applied to war-
(7) Bare; naked. North.
(8) A boar. (A.-S.) horses, when caparisoned with military trap-
pings and armour. Perhaps the more correct
(9) Bore. (A.-S.) Also, to hear, as in Percy's form is larded, q. v.
Reliques, p. 4.
(10.) Throwing or pitching the bar was a com- BARBED-CATTE.
in the following passage :
A warlike engine, described
mon amusement with our ancestors, and is
said to have been a favourite pastime with For to make a werrely holde, that men calle a
la) bad catte, and a bewfray that shal have ix. fadorne
Henry VIII. of Jengthe and two fadome of brede, and the said
Scarse from these mad folke had he gone so farre
catte six fadome of lengthe and two of brede, shal
As a strong man will eas'ly pitch a barre. be ordeyned all squarre wode for the same aboute
Drayton's Poems, p. 241. foure hondred fadom, a thousand of borde, xxiiij.
(11.) To bar a die was a phrase used amongst
rolles, and a grete quantyte" of smalle wode.
gamblers. See Mr. Caxtoji's Vegecivs, Sig. T. 6.
Ghost of Richard III., Collier's
p. 75. notes to the BARBEL. A small piece of armour which pro-
BARA-PICKLET. Bread made of fine flour, tects part of the bassinet.
leavened, and made into small round cakes. His barbel first adoun he deth,
\Vithouten colour his neb he seth,
Diet. Rust. Cf. Holme's Academy, iii. 86. Gij of Warwike, p. 160.
BARATHRUM. An abyss. (Lat.} Our poets
frequently apply the word to an insatiate BARBENY. Same as Milts, q. v.
BARBER. To shave or trim the beard. ShaJc.
eater. See Shirley's Works, i. 390 ; Fairholt's
Pageants, ii. 183. The term barber-monger in King Lear, is ap-
BARATOUR. A quarrelsome person. Cf. parently applied to a person dressed out by a
Prompt. Parv., p. 23 ; Florio, in v. Imburias- barber, a finical fop. The phrase barber's for-
sone ; Reliq. Antiq. ii. 239 ; Hardyng's Chroni- feits does not seem to be satisfactorily ex-
cle, f.215. plained bythe commentators, nor can we sup-
One was Ewayne fytz Asoure, ply more certain information. It is supposed
Another was Gawayne with honour, to have some reference to their double trade of
And Kay the bolde baratvur. barber and physician. In MS. Sloane 776, is
Sir Perceval, 263.
a medical treatise, " compylyd by me Charlys
BARATOWS. Contentious. SJeeUon. Whytte, cittezen and b arbour e~cirurgy on of
BARAYNE. Barren, applied to hinds not London ;" and it is commonly stated that the
gravid. Baraynes used substantively. Gaw.
spiral lines still seen on the barber's pole re •>
Cf. Morte D'Arthur, ii. 355. present the fillets bound round the arm when
BARA3E. Bore away. a person is bled.
The ryng and the gloven of the sexteyn he nom BARBICAN. A kind of watch-tower. The
And bara^e ; and this lordynges al that sothe tolde. term is also applied to an advanced work be-
MS. Coll Trin. Oxen. 57.
fore the gate of a castle or fortified town, or
BARB. (1) To shave. See Measure for Measure any outwork at a short distance from the main
iv. 2, ed. 1685. Hence, to mow a field, as in works; and it occurs in Kyng Alisaunder,
Webster's Works, iv. 78. Ben Jonson, iv 1591, explained by Weber " a parapet or
19, has barbing money, for clipping it; and strong high wall, with turrets to defend the
according to Bailey, to barb a lobster is to
cut it up. gate and drawbridge."
BARBLE. The Bible. North.
(2) Florio has " Bartoncetti, the barbes or little BARBLES. Small vesicular tingling pimples,
teates in the mouth of some horses." such as are caused by the stinging of nettles,
(3) A Barbary horse. See Blome's Gent. Rec or of some minute insects. East. The term
ii. 1. ' is also applied to knots in the mouth of a
BARBALOT. A puffin. Holme. It is also the horse. See TopselFs History of Foure-footed
name of a fish, the barbel. Beasts, p. 363.
BARBARYN. The barberry. Prompt. Pan?. BARBONES. A receipt to make " tarte bar-
BARBASON The supposed name of a fiend
bones" is given in Wyl Bucke's Test. p. 33.
 BAR 142 BAR
BARBORANNE. The barberry. Gaw. BAREHEVEDYS. Boars' heads.
There come in at the fyrste course, befor the kyng
BARBORERY. A barber's shop. Prompt. selvene,
Parv.
Barehevedys that ware bryghte burnyste with sylver.
BARBS. (1) Military trappings. Spenser. Jfforte Arthurs, MS, Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 55.

(2) The barbies. " Barbs under calves tongues" BARE HIDES. A kind of covering for carts.
are mentioned in Markham's Countrey Farme, See Arch. xxvi. 401 ; Florio, in v. Spazza-
p. 63. coverta ; Ordinances and Regulations, p. 394 ;
BARCARY. A sheep-cote; a sheep-walk. Privy Purse Expences of Elizabeth of York,
Bailey.
BARGE. A stickleback. Yorksh. pp. 15, 16, A37.bundle.
BARELLE.
BARCELETT. A species of bow. Gaw. Thentendours of suche a purpose would rather
have had their harneies on their backes, then to have
BARD. (1) A trapping for a horse, generally
the breast-plate. bound them up in barelles, yet muche part of the
common people were therewith Hall,
ryght Edward
wel satisfyed.
(2) Tough. Rob. Glouc. T. f. 7.
(S) Barred ; fastened. Towneley Myst.
An unnatural paramour. Florio BARELY. Unconditionally ; certainly.
BARDASH.
has it as the translation of caramita. BAREN. (1) They bore, pi. Chaucer.
BAR'D-CATER-TRA. The name for a kind of (2) To bark. Coles.
false dice, so constructed that the guatre and BARENHOND. To intimate. Somerset.
trois shall very seldom come up. BARE-PUMP. A little piece of hollow wood or
He hath a stocke whereon his living stayes, metal
Kersey.to pump beer or water out of a cask.
And they are fullams and bardquarte>-~trayes.
Rowlands' Humors Ordinarie, n. d. BARES. Those parts of an image which repre-
sent the bare flesh.
BARDE. Barred. S ee Friar B aeon' s Prophecie,
p. 13 ; Brit. Bibl. ii. 621. BARET. (1) Strife ; contest. Cf. Maundevile's
BARBED. Equipped with military trappings or Travels, p. 272 ; Cocaygne, 27 ; Reliq. Antiq.
ornaments, applied to horses. See Hall, ii. 91.
That baret rede I not je brewe,
Henry VIII. f. 45. Bard is used as a substan-
tive by the same writer, Henry IV. f. 12, and That je for ever aftir rewe.
Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 26.
it often has reference to horses' armour.
BARDELLO. The quilted saddle wherewith (2) Grief; sorrow. Cf.GestaRomanorum, p. 183;
colts are backed. Howell. Tundale's Visions, p. 55.
BARDOLF. AIL ancient dish in cookery. The Mykille barette and bale to Bretan schalle bring.
RobsQn's Romances, p. 11.
manner of making it is described in Warner's BAREYNTE. Barrenness. Prompt. Parv.
Antiq. Cutin. p. 84.
BARDOUS. Simple; foolish. (Lot.) BARF. A hill. Yorfah.
BARDS. Strips of bacon used in larding. Mh. BARFHAME. A horse's neck-collar. Durham
BARE. (1) Mere. In this sense it occurs in BARFRAY. A tower. Gaw.
Coriolanus. In Syr Gawayne, mere, uncondi- BARFUL. Full of impediments. Shaft,
tional, and is also applied to the blasts of a BARGAIN. An indefinite number or quantity
horn, apparently meaning short, or without of anything, not necessarily conveying the idea
rechate. It is also used adverbially. of purchase or sale. A load of a waggon is so
(2) To shave, Shdk. called. East. In Lincolnshire we have the
(3) Bareheaded. Jonson. phrase, " It's a bargains," it's no conse-
(4) A mixture of molten iron and sand, which
lies at the bottom of a furnace. Salop. BARGAINE.
quence. Contention; strife. Chaucer.
(5) A piece of wood which a labourer is some- BARGANDER. A brant-goose. Baret.
times allowed to carry home. Suffolk, BARGANY. A bargain. Prompt. Parv.
(6) A boar. (A.-S.) See Sir Degrevant, 43. BARGARET. A kind of song or ballad, perhaps
(7) A bier. It is the translation of libltina in a accompanied with a dance. Chaucer. The
vocabulary in MS. Lansd. 560, f. 45, written word barginet seems used in a similar sense in
in Lancashire in the fifteenth century. Brit. Bibl. iii. 29.
£8) Apparently a piece of cloth. " Two tares BARGE. A fat heavy person ; a term of con-
of raynes," Ordinances and Regulations, p. 125. tempt. Exmoor. Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033,
(9) A place without grass, made smooth for has barge, " a highway up a steep hill." This
bowling. Kersey. may be another form of barf, q. v.
BAREAHOND. To assist. North. BARGE-BOARD, The front or facing of a
BARE-BARLEY. A Staffordshire term thus de- barge-course, to conceal the barge couples,
scribed in MS. Lansd. 1033, " naked barley, laths, tiles, &c.
whose ear is shaped like barley, but its grain BARGE-COUPLE. One beam framed into an-
like wheat without any husk, which therefore other to strengthen the building.
some call wheat-barley, and others French- BARGE-COURSE. Apart of the tiling or thatch-
barley, because not much differing from that ing of a roof, projecting over the gable.
bought in the shops under such name." BARGE -DAY. Ascension-day. Newcastle.
BARE-BUBS. A term used by boys to denote BARGET. A barge. This term is used several
the unfledged young of birds. Line.
times by Malory, Morte d' Arthur, ii. 351 -2.
 143 BAE
BAR
BARGH. (1) A horseway up a hill, North. BARLEEG. An ancient dish m cookery, com-
(2) A barrow hog. Ortus. posed of almonds and rice. See Warner's Au-
BARGOOD. Yeast. Var. dial tiq. Culin. p. 83.
BAKGUEST. A frightful goblin, armed with BARLEP. A basket for keeping barley in
teeth and claws, a supposition object of ter- Prompt. Parv.
ror in the North of England. According to BARLET. So the first folio reads in Macbeth,
Ritson, Fairy Tales, p. 58, the barguest, be- i. 6, where modern editors have substituted
sides its many other pranks, would sometimes martlet. See the edit. 1623, p. 134.
in the dead of night, in passing through the BARLEY. To bespeak ; to claim. It is an ex-
different streets, set up the most horrid and clamation frequently used by children in their
continuous shrieks, in order to scare the poor games when they \vish to obtain a short ex-
girls who might happen to be out of bed. It emption from the laws of the amusement in
was generally believed that the faculty of see- which they are occupied. North.
ing this goblin was peculiar to certain indivi- BARLEY-BIG, A particular kind of barley,
duals, but that the gift could be imparted to mostly cultivated in the fenny districts of Nor-
folk and the Isle of Ely.
another at the time of the ghost's appearance; I have never known any malt made of rye, perhaps
by the mere action of touching.
because yielding very little bran, it is found more att
BARIAN. A rampart. (A.-N^
BARIDE. Made bare. fnr bread-corn, nor of that grain which we call barley-
biff, yet I hear that of late it is ofte malted in other
Hys hauberk brak with dentes baride,
That men moht se hys naked hide. places. Aubrey's Wilts, MS. Soc. Reg. p. 304.
BARLEY-BIRD. The nightingale, which comes
Guy of Warwick, Middlehill MS. in the season of sowing barley. East. The
BAR-IRE. A crow-bar. Devon.
green-finch is sometimes so called, and the
BARK. (1) The tartar deposited by bottled wine name is still more frequently applied to the
or other liquor encrusting the bottle. East. siskin.
(1) Acylindrical receptacle for caudles ; a candle- BARLEY-BOTTLES. Little bundles of barley
box. North. At first it was only a piece of in the straw, given to farm-horses. This waste-
bark nailed up against the wall. ful method of giving feeds of corn was for-
(3) " Between the bark and the wood," a well- merly invogue in Norfolk, but is now disused.
adjusted bargain, where neither party has the BARLEY-BREAK. An ancient rural game, thus-
described by Gifford. It was played by six
(4) A cough. Var. dial. people, three of each sex, who were coupled by
(5) To bark a person's shins, is to knock the lot A piece of ground was then chosen, and
skin off the legs by lacking or bruising them. divided into three compartments, of which the
Salop. middle one was called hell. It was the object
BARKARY. A tan-house. Jacobs. of the couple condemned to this division to-
BARKED. Encrusted with dirt. North. Some- catch the others, who advanced from the frwc*
times pronounced darkened. extremities ; in which case a change of situa-
BARKEN. The yard of a house ; a farm-yard. tion took place, and hell was filled by the
South.
couple who were excluded by pre-occupation
BARKER. (1) A tanner, Ritson. from the other places ; in this " catching/'
(2) A fault-finder. Holly band. however, there was some difficulty, as, by the
S3) A whetstone ; a rubber. Dewnsh. regulations of the game, the middle couple
4) Ray, in the preface to his Collection of Eng- were not to separate before they had succeeded;
lish Words, mentions the barker, " a marsh while the others might break hands whenever
bird with a long bill, to which there was no they found themselves hard pressed. When
Latine name added." all had been taken in turn, the last couple were
(5) " Barkers of redd worsted" are mentioned in said to be in hell, and the game ended. There
the Ordinances and Regulations, p. 127. is a description of the game in a little tract,
BARKFAT. A tanner's vat. Chaucer. called " Barley-breake, or a Warning for Wan.-
BARK-GALLING is when trees are galled by tons," 4to. Lond. 1607. Some extracts from
being bound to stakes. Bailey. it will be found in the Brit. Bibl. i. 66. See
BARKHAM. A horse's collar. North. also236.
Florio, in v. Pome; Brand's Pop. Antiq,
BARKLED. Baked or encrusted with dirt, more ii.
particularly applied to the human skin. North. BARLEY-BREE. Ale. North.
Grose has barkit, dirt hardened on hair. BARLEY-BUN. A " barley bumte gentleman"
BARKMAN. A boatman. Kersey. is, according to Minsheu, " a gent, (although
BARKSET-E. Same as barsale, q. v. rich) yet lives with barley bread, and other-
BARK WATER. Foul water in which hides have wise barely and hardly."
been tanned. Prompt. Pare. BARLEY-CORN. Ale or beer. Var. dial
BARK- WAX. Bark occasionally found in the BARLEY-HAILES. The spears of barley. South.
body of a tree, arising from some accident BARLEY-MUNG. Barley meal, mixed with
when young. East. water or milk, to fatten fowls or pigs. Mast.
BARLAY. Apparently a corruption of the French BAKLE Y-PLUM. A kind of dark purple plum.
par loi. See gloss, to Syr Gawayne, in v. West.
 BAR 144 BAR
BaRLEY-SEED-BIRD. The yellow water-wag- celebrated in proverbs and nursery-rhymes
tail. Yorksh. under this name.
BARLEY-SELE. The season of sowing barley. BARNACLES. It was formerly thought that
East. The term is found in the Prompt. Parv. this species of shell-fish, which is found on
timber exposed to the action of the sea, be-
p. 25.
BARLICHE. Barley. came, when broken off, a kind of geese. These
They were constreyned to resceive barliche for here
geese are called barnacles by many of our old
MS. Donee 291, f. 16. writers. The term is also often applied to spec-
jeres rewarde.
BARLICHOOD. The state of being ill-tem- BARNAGE. tacles.
pered after the use of intoxicating liquors. The baronage. (Fr.) See Chron.
North. Skelton has Itarlyhood, i. 107, though Vilodun. p. 31 ; Gij of Warwicke, p. 205 ;
not, I think, in the same sense. See larly- Ywaine and Gawin, 1258.
liate in Nugae Poet. p. 9. The king com with his barnage,
And tounes brent inArthour
grete rage.
and Merlin, p. 90.
BARLING. A lamprey. North.
BARLINGS. Firepole s. In Blomefiel d's Nor- BARNDE. Burnt. Rod. Glouc.
folk, iii. 760, mention is made of " sixteen BARN-DOOR-SAVAGE. A clodhopper. Salop.
acres and a rood of heath, with the barlings,
BARNE. (1) A kind of flower, mentioned in
valued at 19*. Id" Boucher erroneously con-of
siders itto be a dialectical pronunciation Hollyband's Dictionarie, 1593.
bare or barren lands. The term again occurs (2) A baron. See Const. Freemas. p. 14 ; Rob.
in the Book of Rates, p. 25. Glouc. p. 139 ; Sir Degrevant, 1844 ; Thorn-
ton Rom. p. 260.
BARM. (1) The lap or bosom. (A.-S.) BARNED. Closed; shut up. Oocon.
To her he profreth his service,
And layth his heed upon hir barme. BARNEHED. Childhood.
Gower> ed. 1532, f. 139. Also mene chaungez thurghe dyverse ages; for
barvehed rejoyse it in sympilnesse, jouthehede in pre-
(2) Yeast. West. The term is found in Shake- sumptuosnes, and grete elde
speare, Lilly, Beaumont and Fletcher, and MS. inLincoln
stabilnes.
A. i. 17, f. 36.
other early writers. Thar sal je find sumkyn dedis,
B ARMAS TER. A chief officer among the miners, That Jhesus did in hys baim-hedis.
who measures the oar obtained, receives the MS. Cott. Vespas. A. iii. f. 3.
lot and cope, lays out and measures meers of BARNE KIN. The outermost ward of a castle,
ground to the miners, and appoints barmote within which the barns, stables, cow-houses,
courts. Derftysh. &c. were placed. Hall spells it bamkyn, Henry
BARME-CLOTH. An apron. Chaucer. The VIII. f. 101 ; and the unusual form bameJcynch
term tarm-feUys occurs in a curious poem in occurs in Sir Degrevant, 375.
Reliq. Antiq. i. 240, meaning the leathern BARNE-LAYKAYNES. Children's playthings.
aprons worn by blacksmiths ; and barmhatres, In that also that thou sent us a hande-balle and
garments for the bosom, in the same work, other barne-laykaynes, thou prophicyedrijte, and bi-
ii. 176. takend bifore thyngez that we trowe thurghe Goddez
BARMOTE. A bergmote. Derbysh. heJpesaJle falle untille us. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 8.
BARMSKIN. A leather apron, generally one BARNGUN. An eruption on the skin. Devon.
made of the skin of sheep. North. In Lin- BARNISH. (1) Childish. North.
colnshire holds the elegant simile, " as dirty (2) To increase in strength or vigour ; to fatten ;
and greasy as a barmskin." The word occurs look ruddy and sleek. The word is in con-
in the Prompt. Parv. p. 25. stant use in the Southern and Western coun-
BARN. (1) A child. (A.-S.} The word is com- ties, and is also an archaism. " Barnish you,"
mon both as an archaism and provincialism. an imprecation found in the Devonshire dialect.
Harrison, in his Description of England, p. 157, BARN-MOUSE. A bat. "Bit by a barn-mouse,"
says " the common sort doo caU their male a common phrase for being tipsy.
children fames here in England, especiallie in BARN-SCOOP. A wooden shovel used in
the North countrie, where that word is yet ac- barns. Var. dial.
customablie in use ; and it is also growne into BARN-TEME. (1) A brood of children. See
a proverbe in the South, when anie man sus- Towneley Myst. pp. 46, 212 ; Chester Plays,
teineth a great Mnderance, to saie, I am beg- ii. 53.
He and his eldest brother Seem,
gered and all my frames." Blessedest of that barne-tetmi.
(2) A man. Cursor Mundi, MS. Col. Tt-in. Cantab, f. 13.
(3) To lay up in a barn. East. Shakespeare The firste ther of this foule barne-tyme highte
uses the word in this sense in the Rape of Lu- Envye, the tother highte Pride, the thirde highte
crece, xx. 155. Gruchynge. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 275.
(4) A garner. WicJcliffe.
(5) Going. YorJcsh. (2) A His dame nowe maye dreame
Child.
BARNABAS. A kind of thistle, mentioned by For her owlne barne-teame. Chester Plays, ii. 55k
Florio, in v. Calcatrippa. BARN WORT. See Banwort.
BARNABEE. The lady-bird. Suffolk. BARNYARD. A straw-yard. East.
BARNAB Y-BRIGHT. The provincial name for BARN-YOTJ. An imprecation. Devon.
St. Barnabas' day, June llth, which has been BARNYSKYN. A leather apron. Pr. Parv. .
 BAH iA5 BAR

BARON. (1) Sometimes used for barn, a child, | Florio, in v. Baritetto, Botallo ; Cotgrave, in
v. Hambour.
as in Cov. Myst. p. 182 ; Chester Plays, i, 192.
|
(2) The back part of a cow. Far. dial. \ BARRING. Except. Var. did.
BARONADY. The dignity of a baron. i BARRING-OUT. An ancient custom at schools,
BARONAGE. An assembly of barons. The same said to be still prevalent in some parts of the
with barnage, q. v. ! North of England, when the boys, a few days
•BARONER. A baron. before the holidays, barricade the school-room
BAROWE. An ancient vehicle, whence perhaps from the master, and stipulate for the disci-
the modern term barrow is derived. It is pline of the next half year. According to
translated by cenovectorium in the Prompt. Dr. Johnson, Addison, in 1683, was the leader
Parv. p. 25. in an affair of this kind at Litchfield.
BARR. (1) To choose ; to debar. Salop. BARRO. A borough. " Bethlem that tarro."
See the Chester Plays, i. 179.
(2) Part ofpendix toaHowell,
stag's horn,
sect. 3.mentioned in the ap-
BARROW. (1) A hillock; an ancient tumu-
(3) The gate of a city. lus. It would appear from Lambarde, Peram-
BARRA. A gelt pig. Exmoor. bulation ofKent, 1596, p. 435, that the term
BARRACAN. A sort of stuff. Miege. in his time was peculiar to the West of
BARRA-HORSE. A Barbary horse. See the England. Cf. Elyot's Dictionarie, in v. Gru-
Privy Purse Expences of Henry VIII. p. 204. mus, Tumulus. Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033,
BAERATING. Quarrelling. See the 2d Part of gives it as a Durham word for a grove.
Promos and Cassandra, ii. 4. (2) A child's flannel clout. Somerset.
BARRE. (1) The ornament of a girdle. See (3) A way up a hill. North.
Prompt. Parv. p. 24 ; Notes to Chaucer, p. 150. (4) At Nantwich and Droitwich, the conical
Florio mentions the barres of a helmet, in v. baskets wherein they put the salt to let the
Forchttte. water drain from it are called barrows. A
(2) To move violently. barrow contained about six pecks. Kennett,
In myddis the streme when that thay ware, MS. Lansd. 1033.
The wawes with wynde byjane to barre.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 125. (5)
WithA brestez
castrated boar.
of barotves that bryghte ware to schewe.
BARRED. Striped. Shirley, ii. 380, speaks of a Morte Arthur*, JfcfS. Lincoln A. i 17, f. 55.

" barr'd gown," and the term occurs also in Syr BARRS. The upper parts of the gums of a
Gawayne. Drayton has barred for barbed, ap- horse. Diet. Rmt.
plied to horses. BARRY. To thrash corn. NortJiumb.
BARREINE. Barren. Chaucer. BARR YD. Paled round, in preparation for a
BARREL. A bucket. Elyot mentions "the tournament.
And sythen to the felde they farde,
barrel of a well," in v. Suc-ula. Florio, in v. The place was bai-ryd and dyghte.
Doga, mentions barrel-boards, boards of which MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 79.
barrels are made.
BARREL-FEVER. Aviolent sickness occasioned BARS. The
Wentgame
he onof aprisoner's-base.
day to plawe,
by intemperance. North. As children don atte bars.
BARREN. (1) A hind not gravid. In Sussex, a Legend of Pope Gregory, p. 25.
barren cow or ewe is so called. BARSALE. The tune of stripping bark. East.
(2) A company of mules. Berners. BARSE. A perch. Westmor.
(3) The vagina of an animal. Line. BARSH. Shelter. Kennett.
(4) Stupid ; ignorant. Shah. BARSLETYS. Hounds.
BARRENER. A barren cow or ewe. South.
Ther come barownce to that "bay MS.
with Douce
larsletys
302, bolde.
f. 34.
BARREN-IVY. Creeping ivy. Bailey.
BARREN-SPRINGS. Springs impregnated with BARSON. A horse's collar. Yorksh.
mineral, and considered injurious to the land. BARST. Burst ; broke. Lane. The word oc-
BARRESSE. A bar; a gate. Cf. Plumpton curs in Robert of Gloucester, and other early
Correspondence, p. 142. writers.
At the barresse he habade, BARTE. To beat with the fists. Warw.
And bawndonly downe lyghte. BARTH. A shelter for cattle. East. Ray and
SIS. Lincoln A, i. 17, f. 131.
Pegge explain it, " a warm place or pasture
BARRICOAT. A child's coat. Northumb. for calves or lambs," and add that it is used
BARRIE. Fit; convenient. Durham. in the South in tins sense. See also Tusser's
BARRIER. The paling in a tournament. Husbandry, p. 92. BartJdess, houseless, oc
BARRIERS. To fight at barriers, to fight within curs in the Devonshire dialect.
lists. This kind of contest is sometimes called
BARTHOLOMEW-PIG. 'Roasted pigs were for-
simply barriers. See Cunningham's Revels merly among the chief attractions of Bartho-
Accounts, p. x. ; Florio, in v. Bagorddre. lomew Fair ; they were sold piping hot, in
BARRIHAM. A horse's collar. North. booths and stalls, and ostentatiously displayed
BARRIKET. to excite the appetite of passengers. Hence
iu v. Barrot,A Fittette.
small firkin.
The See
term Cot'grave,
barrilet a Bartholomew-pig became a common10 subject
seems used in the same sense. It occurs in of allusion. Nares.
 BAS 146
BARTHU-DA7. St. Bartholomew's day, (5) Matting. East,
BARTIZAN. The small overhanging turrets (6) A perch. Cumb.
which project from the angles on the top of (7) The drapery thrown over a horse, and some-
a tower, or from the parapet or other parts of times drawn tight over the armour which he
a building. Oocf. (Moss. Arch. wore. Meyrick.
BAKTLE. (1) According to Kennett, MS. Lansd. (8) A small piece of ordnance. Baessys are men-
tioned in the Arch. vi. 216. It occurs in
1033, " at nine-pins or ten-banes they have Galfrido and Bernardo, 1570, and Arch. xiii.
one larger bone set about a yard before the
rest calTd the bartle^ and to knock down the 177, " boats shall be so well appointed with
bartle gives for five in the game." Westmor. basses, and other
BASE-BALL. shot besides."
A country game mentioned in
(2) St. Bartholomew. North.
BARTON. The demesne lands of a manor ; the Moor's Suffolk Words, p. 238.
manor-house itself; and sometimes, the out- BASEBROOM. 'The
houses and yards. Miege says " a coop for BASE-COURT. The herb
first woodwax. Florio.
or outer court of a
Cooper translates cohort, " a castle or large mansion.
barton or and
poultry," place inclosed xvherin all kinde of My lord, in the bast-court he doth attend
pultne was kept." In the Unton Inventories, To speak with you ; may't please youRichard
to comoH.down
iii.3.?
p. 9, pigs are mentioned as being kept in a
barton. BASE-DANCE. A grave, sober, and solemn
BARTRAM. The pellitory. mode of dancing, something, it is probable, in
BARTYNIT. Struck ; battered. Gaw. Sharp, the minuet style; and so called, perhaps, in
in his MS. Warwickshire glossary, has darle, contradistinction to the vaulting kind of dances,
to beat with the fists, which may be connected in which there was a greater display of agility.
with this term. Boucher. An old dance, called laselema, is
BAKU. A gelt boar. In Rob. Glouc. p. 207, a mentioned in MS. Sloane 3501, f. 2.
gianfc is described as running a spit through a BASEL. A coin abolished by Henry II. in 1 158,
" vatte bam" for his meal. Blount's Glossographia, p. 78.
BAR-UP. To shut up. Kennett. BASELARD. See Baslard.
BARVEL. A short leathern apron worn by BASELER. A person who takes care of neat
washerwomen ; a slabbering bib. Kent. cattle. North.
BARVOT. Bare-foot. Rot. Glouc. BASEN. Extended. Spenser.
BARW. Protected. (A.-S.) BASE-RING. The riag of a cannon next be-
BARWAY. The passage into a field composed hind the touch-hole.
of bars or rails made to take out of the posts. BASES. Defined by Nares to be, " a kind of
BARYS. The beryl embroidered mantle which hung down from •
Hir garthis of nobulle silke the! were, the middle to about the knees or lower, worn
Hir bcculs thei were of baiys stone.
IK. Cantab. Ff. v. 48. by knights on horseback." Writers of the
BAS. To kiss. SMton, seventeenth century seem occasionally to ap-
BASAM, The red heath broom. Devon. ply the term to any kind of skirts, and some-
B ASC HED . Abashed ; put down. times even to the hose. See Douce's Illustra-
Sithe the bore was beten and ba.sdi.ed nomor, tions, ii.126 ; Hall, Henry VIII. f. 4 ; Dyce's
But the hurt that he had hele shuld thor. Remarks, p. 263 ; Strutt, ii. 243.
Roland, MS. Lansd, 388, f. 385. BASE-SON. A bastard.
BASCLES, A kind of robbers or highwaymen BASE-TABLE. A projecting moulding or band
so called. See the Gloss, to Langtoft, and the of mouldings near the bottom of a wall. Oaf.
Chronicle, p. 242. Gloss. Arch.
BASCON. A kind of lace, consisting of five BASH. (1) The mass of the roots of a tree
bows. See Strutt's Dress and cookery.
Habits, ii.The
r" before they separate ; the front of a bull's or
BASCONUS, A dish in ancient pig's head, Herefordsh.
manner of making it is described in MS. Sloane (2) To beat fruit down from the trees with a
1201, f. 68. pole. Beds.
BASE. (1) To sing or play the 6ase part in (3) To be bashful. See an instance of this verb
music. JSAafo,
in
Shale.Euphues
Lib, p. 82, Golden Legade, ap. Collier's
(2) Baret has " a base, or prop, a shore or pyle BASHMENT. Abashment.
to underset with."
And as I stode in this bashment, I remembred your
\JB) Low. Harrison speaks of the " base "Wence- incomparable clemencSe, the whiche, as I have my-
land," in his Description of Britaine," p. 74. selfe sometyme sene, irtoste graciously accepteth the
(4) The count
game of prisoner's-bars,
of which a particular
is given by Strutt, ac-
p. 73. See skleader giftes of small value which your highne*
perceived wereoffted with great and lovinge affection.
also Cotton's Works, 1734, p. 80 ; Harring- Cower, ed. 1554, ded.
ton's Nugas Antiqizae, ii. 2 61 . To " bid a base/'
means to run fast, challenging another to BASHRONE. A kettle. Taylor.
BASHY. Fat; swollen. North.
pursue. BASIL. When the edge of a joiner's tool is
Doe but stand here, T'le run a little course
At base, or barley-breake, or some such toye, ground away to an angle, it is called a basil.
Tragedy of HitfTman, 1631. Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033.
 BAS 147 BAS
BAS1LEZ. A low bow. Decker. To kiss. More.
BASIL-HAMPERS. A person who, being short A church hassock. North. According to
of stature, takes short steps, and does not Kennett, the term is also applied to " a collar
proceed very quickly ; a girl whose clothes fall for cart-horses made of flags." In Cumber-
awkwardly about her feet. Lino. land the word is applied generally to dried
BASILIARD. A baslard, q. Y. Stowe. rushes.
BASILICOK. A basilisk. Chaucer. (4 The inner rind of a tree. North.
BASILINDA. The play called Questions and 5 A slaty piece of coal Salop.
Commands ; the choosing of King and Queen, (6 A twopenny loaf. North.
as on Twelfth Night. Phillips. (7 A thing to wind about grafted trees before
BASILISCO. A braggadocia character in an they be clayed, and after. Holme.
BASS A. A bashaw. Marlowe. We have tas-
old play called " Soliman and Perseda," so sado in the Archseologia, xxviii. 104; and
popular that his name became proverbial. See
Douce's Illustrations, i. 401 ; King John, i. 1. bassate, Hall, Henry VIII. f. 192.
Florio has basilisco, for basilisk, a species of BASSAM. Heath. Devon.
ordnance, in v. Bavalisso. BASSCHE. To be ashamed. Cf. Sharp's Cov.
BASILISK. A kind of cannon, not necessarily Myst. p. 103 ; Morte Arthure, MS. Lincoln A.
" small," as stated in Middleton's Works, i. 17, f. 75.
iii. 214, for Coryat mentions that he saw in BASSE. (1) A kiss. Also a verb, as in Anc.
Poet. Tracts, p. 26.
the citadel of Milan " an exceeding huge ba- Then of my mouth come take a baste,
siliske, which was so great, that it would
Fore Oder goodes have I none.
easily contayne the body of a very corpulent MS. Rawl. C. 258.
man;" and Harrison, in his Description of (2) A hollow place, Hollyland.
England, p. 198, includes the basilisk in " the
names of our greatest ordinance." A minute (3) Apparently a term for " the elder' swine."
account of the shot required for it is contained See Topsail's Foure Footed Beasts, p. 661.
in the same work, p. 199. (4) To be ornamented with bases, q. v. Hall,
BASINET. The herb crowfoot. Henry VIII. f. 50, mentions " howe the Duke
BASING. The rind of cheese. Staff. of Burbones bende was apparelled and Massed
BASK. Sharp, hard, acid. Westmor. in tawny velvet."
BASKEFYSYKE. Fututio. See a curious pas- BASSELL. " Bassell lether" is mentioned in
the Brit. Bibl. ii. 399.
sage in the Cokwolds Daunce, 116.
BASKET. An exclamation frequently made use BASSE NET. A light helmet worn sometimes
of in cockpits, where persons, unable to pay with a moveable front. They were often
their losings, are adjudged to be put into a very magnificently adorned. Cf. Strutt, ii.
basket suspended over the pit, there to re- 60 ; Brit. Bibl. i. 146 ; Percy's Reliques, p. 3 ,
main till the sport is concluded. Grose. Kyng Alisaunder, 2234 ; Hall, Henry VIII.
f. 235.
BASKET-SWORD. A sword with a hilt formed Hys ventayle and hys basenett,
to protect the hand from injury. Hys helme on hys hedd sett.
Sword beare armes? Hees a base companion 218. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38> f. 88.
Alas, I have knowne you beare a basfot-sword. On his bacenett thay belt,
Worte for Cutlers, 1615.
Thay bryssed it in twa.
BASKING. (1) A sound thrashing. East. M S. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 137.
(2) A drenching in a shower. East. BASSET. (1) An earth-dog. Markham.
BASLARD. A long dagger, generally worn (2) A mineral term where the strata rise upwards.
suspended from the girdle. It was not con- Derbysh. The direction is termed lasset-end,
sidered proper for priests to wear this wea- or lasseting, as Kennett has it, MS.' Lansd.
pon, and a curious poem in MS. Greaves 57 1033.
cautions them against doing so ; but still the BA.SSETT. A game at cards, said to have been
practice was not uncommon, as appears from invented at Venice. It was a fashionable game
Audelay's Poems, p. 16. Hall, Henry VI. here in the latter part of the seventeenth cen-
f. 101, mentions " a southerne byl to conter- tury. Bedford, Evil and Danger of Stage
vayle a northren ftaslard" so that perhaps in Plays, 1706, p. 127, mentions a drama on the
his time the weapon was more generally used subject.
in the North of England. In 1403 it was BASSEYNYS. Basons. Tundale, p. 54.
ordained that no person should use a baslard, BASSINATE. A kind of fish, « like unto men
decorated with silver, unless he be possessed in shape," mentioned in Holinshed, Hist.
of the yearly income of 20 1. It is spelt Scotland, p. 139* See also Jamieson, supp.
fiaselred in some of the old dictionaries. in v. Bassinat.
BASNET. (1) A cap. SMton. BASSING. Kissing. Barct.
(2) Same as bassenet, q. v. BASSOCK, A hassock. Bailey.
BASON, A badger. C&tgrave, BAST. (1) Matting; straw. North. "Baste
JBASONING-FURNACE. A furnace used in or straw hattes" are mentioned in the Rates,
the manufacture of hats. Holme. 1545, Brit. Bibl. ii. 399. Cf. Harrison's
BASS. (1) A kind of perch. Description of Britaine, p. 3,
 148 BAT
BAS
They hadde also toures of tymber goyng on wheles,
(2) Boast.Sir GU seyd, than thou it hast that we clepen bastiles, otsomer castell.
Than make therof thi bast. Vegedusf MS. Douce 291, f. 48.
He gerte make a grete bastelle of tree, and sett it
Gy of Warwikc, p. 355. apone schippes in the see, evene forgaynes the cete.
C3) A. bastard. See Ellis's Met. Rom., ed. 1811, so that ther myghte no schippez come nere the ha,-
* i.Poet
301 ii.
-, Rob. vene. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. &.
67. Glouc. p. 425 ; Utterson's Pop. And in thi Pastel fulle of blisfulnesse,
(4) Assured. In luati age than schalle the wel betide.
Boetius, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 294.
(5) To pack up. North.
BASTA. Properly an Italian word, signifying BASTING. Bourne, in his Inventions or De-
enough,
it isthe or letofit suffice, "but not uncommon
dramatists. vises, 1578, speaking of " ordinance of leade,"
in works our ancient mentions u the basting thereof, that is to say,
Nares. to put in the more substance of the met-
BASTARD. (1) A kind of sweet Spanish wine,
of which there were two sorts, white and BASTON. (1) A cudgel. (A-N.)
brown. Ritson calls it a wine of Corsica. It (2) A peculiar species of verse so called. A spe-
approached the muscadel wine in flavour, and cimen of it is printed in the Reliq. Antiq. ii.
was perhaps made from a bastard species of 174. See also the same work, ii. 8 ; Langtoft,
tall."
muscadine grape; hut the term, in more pref. p. 99.
ancient (3) A servant of the Warden of the Fleet, whose
all mixedtimes, and seems to have
sweetened "been See
wines. applied
Beau-to duty it is to attend the king's courts, with a
mont and Fletcher, ii. 427 ; Robin Goodfellow, red staff, for the purpose of taking into cus-
p. 7; Harrison's Desc. of England, p. 222; tody such persons as were committed by the
Squyr of Lowe Degre, 757 ; Ordinances and court.
Regulations, p. 473. (4) A kind of lace, the manufacture of which is
(2) " Basterd wier" is mentioned in Cunningham's detailed in MS. Harl. 2320, quoted by Steven-
Revels' Account, p. 180. The term was ap- son. See Bascon.
plied to different kinds of several articles. BASTONE. A bastinado. Marlowe.
Bastard cloths, Strutt, ii. 94 ; Bastard sword, BAT. (1) A stick; a club ; a cudgel. North. lu
Harrison's Description of Britaine, p. 2. Herefordshire a wooden tool used for breaking
(3) A gelding. Pegye. clods of earth is so called. See Malone's
(4) To render illegitimate. Hall has this verh, Shakespeare, x. 237; Utterson's Pop. Poet,
Richard IIL f. 32. The term bastard is still
i. 110; Kyng Alisaunder, 78, 5832 f Percy's
a term of reproach for a worthless or mis- Reliques, p. '254is ;bat
Thynne's
chievous hoy. Henemeth and forthDebate,
a goth, p. 75.
BASTAT. A bat. North. S withe sori and wel wroth.
Beves of Hamtoun, p. 17.
BASTE. (1) To mark sheep. North.
(2) To sew slightly. (2) A blow; a stroke. North. Sometimes a
(3) A blow. North. Also a verh, to heat. verb, to strike or beat ; to beat cotton.
That xal be asayd be this batte 1
Strutt mentions a game called Baste the Bear, What, thou Jhesus ? ho zaff the that ?
p. 387. Coventry Mysteries, p. 296.
(4) Bastardy. (3) Debate. Cov. Myst.
This man was sonne to Jhon of Gaunte, Duke of
Lancaster, discended on an honorable lignage, but (4) To wink. Derbysk.
borne in baste, more noble of bloud then notable in (5) The straw of two wheat sheaves tied to-
learnyng— H..JZ, Henry VI. f.70. gether. Yorfah.
(5) A rope. (A.S.) (6) State ; condition. North.
Eot 56 salle take a stalworthe taite>
And byude my handes byhynd me faste. (7) Speed. Lino.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 127. (8) A leaping-post. Somerset.
(9) A low-laced boot. Somerset.
BASTELER. A person who bastes meat. In (10) The root end of a tree after it has been
the accounts of the churchwardens of Hey- thrown. Somerset.
bridge, 1532, is the following entry : " Item 11) A spade at cards. Somerset.
to the basteler, 4d." 12) At Wednesbury, in Staffordshire, the last
BASTEL-ROYES. Turreted or castellated roofs. parting that lies between the upper and the
So explained in Glossary to Syr Gawayne, in nether
1033. coal is called a bat. Kennett, MS. Lansd.
v. See, however, Boucher, in v. Bastelle.
BASTER. A heavy blow. North. BATABLE. (1) Fertile in nutrition, applied to
BASTERLY-GULLION. A bastard's bastard. land. Harrison frequently uses the word, De-
Lane. [Fr. Couillon.] scription ofEngland, pp. 37, 40, 109, 223.
BASTIAN. St. Sebastian.
BASTICK. A basket. West, (2) Certain land between England and Scot-
land was formerly called the datable ground,
BASTILE. A temporary wooden, tower, used " landes dependyng in variance betwene the
formerly in military and naval warfare. Some- realmes." See Hall, Edward IV. f. 56.
times the term is applied to any tower or for- BATAILED. Embattled. (A.-N.) See Rom, of
tification. the Rose, 4162.
 149
BAT BAT
I se caste's, I se eke high towres, strong, or, sometimes, according to Nares,
\Val!es of stone crestyd and bataylled. " excuse me there." See Sir Thomas More,
MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 13.
BATAILOUS. Ready for battle. Chaucer. p. 18 ; Steevens' Old Plays, i. 45.
A pamphlet was of proverbs pen'd by Polton,
BAT AILS. Provisions. Wherein he thought all sorts included were ;
BATAIWYNG. Embattling. This form occurs Untill one told him, Bate tri an ace, qnuth Bolton.
in the Forme of Cury, p. 85. Indeed, said he, that proverbe is not there.
The Masdve, quoted by Warps.
BATALE. To join in battle.
BATALLE. An army. (11) Did beat. Spenser.
Than thir twa.batalles mett samene, and faughte BATE-BREEDING. Apt to cause strife. Shak.
togedir, and thare was Sampsone slaene. BATED. A fish, when plump and full-rowed, is
JUS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 5. said to be well bated. Sussex.
BATAND. Going hastily. Lanytoft. BATELLE. A little boat. Langtoffc, p. 241
BAT ANT. The piece of wood that runs all along BATE-MAKER. A causer of strife.
upon the edge of a lockside of a door, gate, or BATEMENT. That part of wood which is cut
window. Cotgrave. off by a carpenter to make it fit for his purpose.
BATARDIER. A nursery for trees. (Fr.) Var. dial.
BATAUNTLICHE. Hastily. (^.-JV.) See Piers BATEMENT-LIGHTS. The upper openings
Ploughman, p. 286. between the mullions of a window.
BATAYLYNGE. A battlement. BATER. Stanihurst, Description of Ireland,
How this temple with his wallis wyde,
With his creates and bataylynge ryalle. p. 11, says, " As for the word better, that in
Lydgate, MS. Soc. Antiq, 134, f. 15,
English purporteth a lane bearing to an high
waie, I take it for a meere Irish word that
BATCH. (1) Properly a quantity of bread baked crept unwares into the English, through the
at once, but generally applied to a bout or lot daiiie intercourse of the English and Irish in-
of anything. It also implies the whole of the
wheat flour which is used for making common BATEYLED. Embattled.
household bread, after the bran alone has been habitants."
A hundreth tyretes he saw full stout,
separated from it. Coarse flour is sometimes So godly thei wer bateyled aboute. MS. dshmole 01.
• called batch flour. BATFOWLING. A method of taking birds in
(2) A land of hound. North. the night-time, fully described in the Diet.
(3) An open space by the road-side ; a sand- Rust, in v. See Tempest, ii. 1 ; Cotgrave, in
bank, or patch of ground lying near a river ;
a mound. West. v. Bretler; Harrison's Description of England,
p. 240 ; Blome's Gent. Rec. ii. 143.
BATE. (1) Contention,- debate; conflict. Cf. BATFUL. Fruitful. Drayton.
Chron. Vilodun. BATH. (1) Both. North.
Acolastus, 1540 ;p.2 83;
Hen.Boke'of
IV. ii. Curtasye,
4. p. 8 ;
(2) A sow. Herefordsh.
(2) To abate ; to diminish. North. (3) To dry any ointment or liquid into the skin.
Whereof his lust e began to bate, Kennetfs MS. Gloss.
And that was love is thanne hate.
(Sower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f.66. BATHER. (1) To scratch and rub in the dust,
Hys cov/ntynancc dyde he never bate,
as birds do. Warw.
But kept hym sty He in on state. (2) Of both. (A*-S.) Gen.pl.
Archtrologia, xxl. 74. And one a day thlr twa kynges with thaire bather
ostes mett togedir apone a faire felde, and faughte
(3) To flutter, a term generally applied to hawks. togedir wonder egerly. MS. Lincoln A. 1. 17, f. 16.
See Depos. Ric. II. p. 13 ; Brit. Bibl. ii. 345 ; The sevend sacrament es matrymoyne, that es?
Cotgrave, in v. Debatis; Holinshed, Hist. Ire- lawefulle festyonynge betwyx manne and womane at
land, p.21. thaire bathere assente. Ibid. f. 21(j,
(4) Bit. (^.-5.) BATHING. See Beating.
Thare was na qwike thyngez that they bate that
ne also sone it dyed, bot harme did thay nane to the
BATHING-TUB. A kind of bath, formerly used
oste. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 28. by persons afflicted with a certain disease.
'5) Lower? Ben254.
ii. Jonson mentions it in Cynthia's Revels,
To a towno thei toke the gate,
Men clepe hit Betany the bate. BATIGE. A pearl.
MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 15. BATILBABY. A certain office in forests, men-
(6) Without ; except, lane. tionedin
(7) In Craven, when the fibres of wood are additions MS. Harl. 433, quoted in Stevenson's
to Boucher.
twisted and crooked, they are said to be cross- BATILLAGE. Boat like.
bated. BATING. Breeding. North.
(8) To go with rapidity. Also, to fall suddenly, BAT-IN-\YATER. Water mint.
BATLER. The instrument with which washers
" lete his buiiyche blonke baite on the flores."
MS. Morte Arthure, f. 81. beat their coarse clothes. Often spelt ballot.
(9) A boat. (^.-£) See Collier's Shakespeare, iii. 34. It is also
Ther men vy tayled by bate called a bailing-staff, or a bat "staff \ and some-
That castel with eornes. Sir Degrevant, 919. times alatting-staff, as in Cotgrave, in v. Ba-
cule. Mr. Hartshorae gives battleton as taa
(10") The old proverb, " late me an ace, quoth
Bolton " implies an alleged assertion is too Shropshire form of the same word,
 BAT 150 13 A U

BATLING. A kind of fish. See a curious enu- BATTLEDORE -BARLEY. A kind of barley
meration inBrit. Bibl. ii. 490. mentioned by Aubrey, MS. Hist. Wilts, p. 304
BATLINS. Loppings of trees, tied up into fag- and said by him to be so called " from the
gots. Suffolk. flatness of the ear."
BATNER. An ox. Ask. BATTLEMENT. A notched or indented parapet
BATOLLIT. Embattled. originally used only on fortifications, but after-
BATOON. A cudgel. Shirley. In the Wan- wards employed on ecclesiastical and other
dering Jew, 1640, a roarer is called a lattoon edifices. Oxf. Gloss. Arch.
BATTLER. (1) A small bat to play at ball with.
gallant. See Howell, sect, xxviii.
BATOUR. Batter. Warner.
BATS. (1) The short furrows of an irregularly- (2)v.An544. Oxford The student.term is used See Middleton's Works,
in contradistinc tion
shaped field. South.
(2) Cricke t. Devon. to gentleman commoner.
JorJcsh. BATTLE-ROYAL. A fight between several
(3) A beating. cocks, where the one that stands longest is
BAT-SWAIN. A sailor. (A.-S.)
BATT. (1) To beat gently. Salop. the victor. The term is often more generally
To wink or move the eyelids up and down, BATTLE-TWIG.
(2)Cfiesh. An earwig. North.
applied,
BATTEN. (1) To thrive; to grow fat. North. BATTLING. See Battlement.-
This word occurs in Shakespeare, Marlowe, BATTLING- STONE. A large smooth-faced
and other early writers. stone, set in a sloping position by the side of
breadth, a stream, on which washerwomen beat their
(2) A rail from three to six inches ofin indefinite linen to clean it. North.
one or more in thickness, and
length. A fence made of these is called a BATTOM. A board, generally of narrow dimen-
batten-fence. sions, but the full breadth of the tree it is
is to lie upon it and beat sawn from. North.
(3) To batten in dung,
it close together. Kennetfs MS. Glossary. BATTRIL. A bathing-staff. Lane.
(4) The straw of two sheaves folded together. BATTRY. (1) A tea-kettle. Suffolk.
North. A thatcher's tool for beating down (2) In the Rates of the Custome House, 1545,
thatch is called a batten-board. mention is made of " battry the c. pounde."
See the Brit. Bibl. ii. 399.
BATTER. (1) An abatement. A wall which
diminishes upwards is said to batter. BATTS. (1) Low flat grounds adjoining rivers,
and sometimes islands in rivers. North.
(2) Dirt. North.
(3) To fight one's way. Midland C. (2) Short ridges. /. Wight.
(4) To wear out. South. A horse with tender BATURD. Battered.
feet is said to be battered. And toke hys staffe grete and longe,
BATTERO. A bat ; a stick. This word occurs And on the hed he hym baturd.
in one of the quarto editions of King Lear, MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 24G.
1608, iv. 6, in the place of bat in another BATYLDOURE. A beetle or wooden bat used
in
Parv.washing and beating clothes. Prompt.
quarto, and hallow in the folio. See Collier's
Shakespeare, vii. 465. Kersey explains lat-
tery, "a violent beating or striking of any BATYN. To make debate. Prompt. Parv.
BAUBEE. A copper coin, of about the value
BATTID.
person."Covered with strips of wood, as walls of a halfpenny. The halfpenny itself is some-
are previously to their being plastered. times so called.
BATTING-STOCK. A beating stock. Kennett. BAUBERY. A squabble ; a brawl. Var. dial
BATTLE. (1) To dry in ointment or moisture BAUBLE. A fool's laulle was a short stick,
upon the flesh by rubbing and putting that with a head ornamented with asses ears, fan-
tastically carved upon it. An old proverb
part of the body by the fire. Kennett's MS.
Glossary. says, " if every fool should wear a bauble,
(2) Fruitful, fertile, applied to land. Also to fewel would be dear." See also Balulle.
render ground fertile by preparation. In the BAUBYN. A baboon.
index to Markham's Countrey Fame, 1616, BAUD. (1) This word was formerly applied in
is u to battle ground, and with what manner a very general sense. A procurer, procuress,
of dung." The term is occasionally applied to a keeper of a brothel, or any one employed in
the fattening of animals. " Battleage of wheat" bad services in this line, whether male or fe-
is mentioned in the Ordinances and Regu- male, was called a Mud. Verstegan, Resti-
lations, p.195. tution, ed. 1634, p. 333, calls it a name
(3) A word peculiar to Oxford for taking provi- " now given in our language to such as
sions from the buttery, &c. are the makers or furtherers of dishonest
(4) To bespatter with mud. Northampt. matches." This definition was in use earlier,
BATTLED. Embattled. Arch. v. 431. as appears from a curious passage in the
BATTLEDORE. According to Miege, this was Gesta Romanorum, p. 432. See also the cha-
formerly a term for a hornbook, and hence racter ofbawde phmoke in the Fraternitye of
no doubt arose the phrase to "know A, B. Vacabondes, 1575.
from a battledore." Seep. 128. (2) A badger. Blome.
 151 BAW
BAY
(3) Bold. Percy. luded toin Dr. Dee's Diary, p. 38. See als
Euphues Golden Legacie, ap. Collier, p. 11.
BAUDE, Joyous. (A.-N.)
BAUDE RIE. Pimping. Chaucer. '2) A cake, Howett.
BAUD KIN. A rich and precious species of 3 AYE RE. Bavaria. Mnot.
3AYIAN. A baboon, or monkey ; an occasional,
stuff, introduced into England in the thir-
teenth century. It is said to have been com- but not a regular character in the old Moms
posed of silk, interwoven with threads of gold dance. He appears in the Two Noble Kins-
in a most sumptuous manner. Notices of it men, where his office is to bark, to tumble, to
are very common. We may refer to Kyng play antics, and exhibit a long tail with what
Alisaunder, 202, 759 ; Richard Goer de Lion, decency he could. Nares.
BAVIER. The beaver of a helmet. See Mey-
2778, 3349; Sevyn Sages, 2744; Dugdale's
rick, ii. 257 ; Hall, Henry IV. f. 12 ; Excerpt.
Monast.
Strutt, ii.iii.6 ;325 ;*ElhYs
Planche, Met.; GyRom.
p. 93 iii. 287 ;
of Warwike, Hist. p. 208; Planche, p. 159.
p. 421 ; Test. Vetust. p. 228. According to 3 AY IN. Impure limestone.
Douce, " it means tissue of gold, and some- BAYISENESSE. Mockery. (A.-N.)
times a canopy, probably from being orna- BAYISH. To drive away. East.
mented with the tissue." BAW. (1) An interjection of contempt. See
BAUDRICK. See Baldrick. The word is some- Piers Ploughman, pp. 210, 419. In the East
times spelt bawdry^ as in Kyng Alisaunder, of England, boys and girls are addressed as
4698. baws.
BAUDRY. Bad language. Skelton. (2) Alvum levare. Lane.
BAUDS. Fine clothes? Toons. A ball. North.
BAUD Y. Dirty. (A.-N.) See Skelton's Works, (4) A dumpling. Lane.
ii. 161; Chaucer, Cant. T. 16103; Piers (5) To bark. Topsell
Ploughman, p. 88 ; Morte d'Arthur, i. 192, BAWATY, Lindsey-wolsey. North.
BAWCOCK. A burlesque term of endearment.
196 ; Palsgrave, adj. f. 83 ; Ashmole's Theat. Shak.
Chem. Brit. p. 190.
BAUDY-BASKET. A cant term for a bad BAWD. (1) The outer covering of a walnut.
Somerset.
woman, mentioned in Harrison's Description
of England, p. 184. Dr. Bliss defines it " a (2) Bawled. Yorksh.
woman who cohabits with an upright man, (3) A hare. A Scottish term for this animal,
according to Jamieson, and apparently em-
and professes to sell thread, &c." See Earle's
ployed byShakespeare, Romeo and Juliet, ii. 4.
Microcosmography, notes, p. 249 ; Holme's
Academy of Armory, iii. 167. BAA^ DER. To scold grumblingly. Suffolk.
BAUFFE. To belch. Coles. BAWDERIKWARD. Next to the belt.
BAUFREY. A beam. SMnner. And also that it be as gret and holow dryveii as
BAUGER. Barbarous ; bad. Bale, hit may to the lengthe, and that it be shortere at
the syde to the bawdcrilctcard than at the nether
BAUGH. A pudding made with milk and flour syde. MS. Bodl. 546.
only. Chesh.
BAWE. (1) The bow of a saddle ? Gate.
BAUGHLING. Wrangling. Cumb.
BAULCHIN. An unfledged bird. TTarw. (2) A species of worm formerly used as a bait
for fishing. Stevenson.
BAULK. To overlook or pass by a hare in her
BAWEL. Bawels are mentioned by the ton and
form without seeing her. Var. dial. the thousand in the Rates of the Custome
BAULKY. A term applied to earths when it House, 1545, in Brit. Bibl. ii. 398.
digs up in clots. North.
BAULMEMINT. Water mint. Florio. B AWE-LINE. The bowling of a sail ; that rope
which is fastened to the middle part of the
BAUN-COCK. A game cock. Durham. outside of a sail. Sfevenson.
BAUNSEY. A badger. Prompt. Pan. BAWER. A maker of balls. Staffard&h.
RAURGHWAN. A horse-collar. Yorksh.
BAUSE. To kiss. Mars f on. BAWKER. A kind of sand-stone used for whet-
ting scythes. Somerset.
BAUSON. (1) A badger. In the Prompt. Parv,
BAWKS. A hay-loft. Cumb.
p. 27, we have the forms bawstorte, bawsone, BAWL. Hounds, when too busy before they
and bauston. See also Brit. Bibl. i, 20 ; find the scent, are said to bawl. Blome.
Percy's Reliques, p. 80 ; Cotgrave, in v. Gri- BAWLIN. Big; large. Coles.
sard, spelt louson. BAWMAN. A bowman ; an archer. Gaw.
(2) Swelled ; pendant. Salop. BAWME. (1) Balm. Also a verb, to embalm,
BAUTERT. Encrusted with dirt. North.
in which sense it occurs in the Lincoln MS. ol
BAUTTE. This "word occurs in an early poem Morte Arthure; Malory, i. 179. " Bawme
printed in Todd's Illustrations, p. 264. I sus- glasses" are mentioned in Brit. Bijil. ii. 399,
pect a misreading of the MS. for " in vaniteV1 which may refer to the place, of their manu-
BAUX-HOUND. A kind of hunting dog, men- facture.
tioned in Holme's Academy of Armory, p. 184, (2) To address ; to adorn. North.
BAYEN. (1) A brush faggot, properly bound BAWMYN. Balsam. Prompt. Parv.
with only one withe. Var. dial. A faggot is BAWN. (1) Any kind of edifice. See Richard
. bound with two. This distinction seems al- son, in v.
 BAY 152
BAY
going. North. obstaculum, for which see Ducange, iu v. In
(2) Ready;
BAWN D. Swollen. East. Dorsetshire, any bank across a stream is called
BAWNDONLY. Cheerfully. (A.-NJ Seethe a lay, and Cotgrave, in v. Baye, mentions " a
example quoted under barresse. "bay of land."
1UWRELL. A kind of hawk. Phillips. The '4) A pole ; a stake. Skinner.
called the bawret. See Blome's :5) To bathe: Spenser.
male Rec. was
Gent. biid ii. 28. !6) A boy. Weber.
BAWSE. To scream. Skinner. Supposed to be 7) To bend. Westmor.
a form of bay. 8) Round. Gaw.
BAWSEN. Burst. Derlysh. Bawsen-ballid, '9)byBay, or baiting of anto animal, when attacked
ruptured. dogs. According Blome, hounds are said
BAWSHERE. Supposed to he a corruption of to bay, when they make the animal "turn
leau-sirc. See the Towneley Mysteries, p. 69. head." To bay, to bark, Miege.
BAWSIN. (1) An imperious noisy fellow. North. (10) To open the mouth entreatingly for food,
as a young child does. Hottyband.
(2) Great; large; unwieldy; swelled. inChest. this
Ben Jonson, vi. 278, has the word (11) The nest of a squirrel. East.
sense. See also Urry's Chaucer, p. 558. (12) A hole in a breast-work to receive the
mouth of a cannon. Hersey.
(3) A badger. See Ellis's Met. Rom. ii, 358,
wrongly explained by the editor. (13) To bark. Blome.
BAWSONT. Having a white stripe down the (14) To unlodge a martern,. Blome.
face, applied to an animal North. BAYARD. Properly a bay horse, but often ap.
BAWSTONE. A badger. Prompt. Parv. plied to a horse in general. According to
BAWT. (1) Without. Yorfah. Grose, to ride bayard of ten toes is to walk on
(2) To roar ; to cry. North. foot, a phrase which can have no modern ori-
BAWTERE. Some hird of prey, mentioned hy gin. Avery old proverb, " as bold as blind
Berners. bayard," seems to be applied to those who do
B AWY. A hoy. This unusual form occurs in the not look before they leap. Cf. Piers Plough-
Frere and the Boy, st. xv. man, pp. 68, 72, 128 ; Skelton, ii. 186 ; Tarl-
BAXTER. (1) A baker. North. ton's Jests, p. 51 ; Halle's Expostulation, p. 5 j
The baxtcre mette another, Turuament of Tottenham, xi. ; Cotgrave, in v.
Nas hit noujt so god. MS. JB<xiZ.652, f. 5.
Bay art ; Chaucer, Cant. T. 16881 ; Kennett's
(2) An Implement used for baling cakes upon, Glossary, p. 23 ; MS. Douce 302, f, 7 ; Atide-
common in old houses. North.
lay's Poems, p. 84 ; Dent's Pathway to Heaven,
BAY. (1) A berry. Prompt. Parv. p. 247 ; Manners and Household Expences of
Tak the bayes of yvene, and stamp thame wele,
and temper thame with whit wyne, aud drynk
England, p. 184 ; Langtoft, p. 272 ; MS. Cott.
Cleop. B. ii. f. 61 ; Sir Gawayne, p. 301.
therof fastande ilk a day a porcione,
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. i Skelton mentions bayardys bun, a sort of
(2) A principal compartment or division in the loaf formerly given to horses.
Ther is no God, ther is no lawe
architectural arrangement of a building, Of whom that he taketh eny hede,
marked either by the buttresses on tlie walls, But as Bayarde the blynde stede,
by the disposition of the main ribs of the Tille he falle in the diche amidde,
vaulting- of the interior, by the main arches He goth ther no man wol him bidde,
and pillars, the principals of the roof, or by Cower, MS. Sac. Antiq. 134, f. 185
any other leading features that separate it into BAY-DUCK. A shell-duck. East.
corresponding portions. The word is some- BAYE. Both. (.4.-S.)
times used for the space between the mullions Til thai com into a valnye,
of a window. Oxf. Gloss. Arch. In the pro- And ther thai gun to rest bays
Aithour and Merlin, p. 68.
vinces the term is even applied to the divisions Into the diaumber go we baye,
of a bam, or in fact to any building possess- Among the maidens for to pi aye.
ing marks of division. Sometimes a single Gy of Wai-wihu, p. 108,
apartment in a rustic house, or the space be- BAYEN. To bay ; to bark ; to bait.
tween two gables, is so called, which may be BAYES. Baize.
the meaning of the term in Measure for Mea- BAYET. Baited. Rolson.
sure, ii. 1, unless we might propose to read BAYLE. (1) A bailiff. See Reynard the Foxe,
day. A compartment of a vault is also termed
p. 162; Audelay's Poems, p. 33; Towneley
a bay, according to Willis's Nomenclature, Mysteries, p. 17. In both senses.
p. 43. Cf. Florio, in v. Angra; Arch. x. 441 ; (2) A bucket. See the Privy Purse Expences of
Hall's Satires, v. 1 ; Nichols' Royal Wills, Henry \7IIL p. 11, " to the same watermen
p. 295 ; Holme's Academy of Armory, p. 450. for fowre baylesThefor office
the saied barge."
(3) A pond-head made up of a great height to B AYLL1SHIP. of a bailiff.
keep in store of water, so that the wheels of BAYLY. Authority. Cf. Sir Eglamour, 735, a
the furnace or hammer belonging to an iron district given in charge to a bailiff or guard.
mill may be driven by the water coming Y kneghe hym here yn grete bayty,
thence through a floodgate, Blount The word He loved venjaunce withoute mercy.
occurs in Prompt, Parv. p. 21> translated by MS. Hart. 1701, f, 10.
 153 BEA
BE
BAYLYD. Boiled. Weber. ford's Dialogue on Witches, 1603 ; beshake,
J3AYN. A murderer. (A.-S.} Cotton's Works, 1734, p. 13; bespanfjledt
BAYNES. Bones. See Sharp's Cov. Mysteries, Barnefield's Affectionate Shepherd, p. 5 ; be-
p. 225. tear'd, Brit. Bibl. iv. 125.
B AYN YD. Shelled, prepared for table, as beans, jewel, ring,
(5) A Thereon or bracelet. (A.-S.)
&.C. Prompt. Parv. he satte rychely crownyd,
BAY RE. Fit ; convenient. Durham. With many a oesaunte, broche and be.
MS. Harl. 2252, f. 125.
bAYSSENT. Reconciled?
To ceasse the warre, the peace to tie encreassed BEACE. (1) Cattle. North.
Betwenehym and kyng John baystent. (2) A cow-stall. Yorksh.
Hardyng's Chronicle, f. 150. BEAD-CUFFS. Small ruffles. Miege.
13AYTE. (1) To avail ; to be useful. Also, to BEAD-FARING. Going on pilgrimage. Ver-
apply to any use. stegan.
Bot with htr tukea tryppe of gayte, BEAD-HOUSE. A dwelling-place for poor re-
With mylke of thame for to bayte ligious persons, raised near the church in
To Mr lyves fode. Sir Perceval 186. which the founder was interred, and for w^ose
(2) Explained by Hearne, " baited, fastened, in- soul they were required to pray. Britton.
vaded," in his glossary to Langtoft ; but see Almshouses are still termed bcadhouses in
p. 276. some parts of the country ; and Kennett, MS.
BAYTHE, To grant. Gaw. Lansd. 1033, has, " bed-house, an hospital.
BAYTYNGES. Chastisements.
He shal hern chastyse -withsmert speche, BEADLE. A crier or messenger of a court, the
With smalle baytynges and nat with wreche. Dunelm."
keeper of a prison or house of correction, an
MS. Hart. 1701, f. 72.
under-bailiff of a manor. Blount.
BAY-WINDOW. A large window ; probably so BEAD ROLL. A list of persons to be prayed
called, because it occupied the whole day, q. v.
for ; a roll of prayers or hymns ; hence, any
It projected outwards, occasionally in a semi- list. They were prohibited in England in
circular form, and hence arose the corrupted
expression bow-window. The bay-window, 1550. See Croft's Excerpta Antiqua, p. 13 ;
however, was oftener in a rectangular or poly- Test. Vetust. p. 388; Topsell's Four-footed
gonal form. The term also appears to have Beasts, p. 171 ; Florio, in v. Climppole.
been applied to a balcony, or gallery ; at least, BEADSMAN. One who offers up prayers to
Heaven for the welfare of another. In later
Coles gives it as the translation of menianum. times the term meant little more than servant,
BAYYD. Of a bay colour. Prompt. Parv. as we now conclude letters. Many of the
BAYZE. Prisoner's base. SJdnner. ancient petitions and letters to great men
BAZANS. A kind of leather boots, mentioned
were addressed to them by their *' poor daily
by Matthew Paris. orators and beadsmen" See Douce's Illus-
BAZE. To alarm. North.
trations, i31
. ; Ford's Works, ii. 72.
BE. (1) By. (A.-S.) Occasionally time is un- BEAK. (1) To bask in the heat. North.
dersto d. "Be we part," by the time that (2) An iron over the fire, in which boilers are
we part. This proposition is common in early hung. Yorksh.
writers, and is still in use in the north country (3) To wipe the beak, a hawking term. Cocks
dialects. that peck each other are said to beak ; and it
(2) Been. The part. pa. occurring in this form is also a term in cockfighting.
in Chaucer and Robert of Gloucester.
(4) The nose of a horse. Topsell
(3) -The verb to be is unchanged in all its tenses (5) The points of ancient shoes were called
in most of the provincial dialects. " I be very beaks. See Stmtt's Dress and Habits, ii. 110.
hungry," &c. , BEAKER. A large drinking vessel, usually of
(4) A common prefix to verbs, generally con- glass, a rummer or tumbler-glass. The term
veying an intensative power, as be-batb'd, is also used figuratively for any tiling of larg^
Brit. Bibl. iii. 207 ; beblubbered, Holinshed, size. Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033, defines it
Chron. Ireland, p. 91 ; becharme, Ford's Line " a round
of 'Life, p. 57 ; bedare, Hawkins' Eng. Dram, Fill himsilver cup deep
his beaker, andnever
he will narrow."
flinch
ii. 188 ; bedyed, Topsell's History of Serpents, T% give a full quart pot the empty pinch.
Rowlands' Humors Ordinarie, n. d,
p. 309; befann'd, Fairfax of the Bulk and
Selvedge of the World, ded. 1674 ; befogged, BEAKIRON. An iron tool used by black-
smiths. Holme.
Dent's Pathway to Heaven, p. 323; befool,
Brome's Songs, 1661, p. 200 ; Tarlton's Jests, BEAKMENT. A measure of about the quarter
p. 37 ; beknave, Brit. Bibl. i. 38 ; beleft, Gesta of a peck. Newcastle.
Romanorum, p. 330; belome, Florio, in v. BEAL. (1) To roar out. North.
4ppiastriccidre ; defatted, Two Lancashire (2) To suppurate. Durham.
Lovers, 1640, p. 162; bepinch, Brit. Bibl. (3) A boil; a hot inflamed tumour. North*
i. 550; bepowdered, Deloney's Strange His- Cotgrave has bealing, matter, in v. Boue.
tories, 1607; bequite, Stanihurst's Desc. of (4) To beat. Apparently used in this sense, or
Ireland, pref. p. 1 ; berogue, Songs of the perhaps an error? in Robson's Romances,
London Prentices, n. 91 j bescratched, Gif-
p. 108.
 BEA 154 BEA
to accuse. This phrase is very common In
SEALING.
Lawd. 1033.Big -with child. Kennett, MS. early works, and is fully illustrated in Pals-
DEALTE. Beauty. Ritson. grave, verbs, f. 162.
BEAM, (1) Misfortune. (A.-S.} (5) To " bear a brain," to exert attention, in-
(2} Bohemia. See Berne. genuity, or memory ; a phrase occurring in.
(3} To beam a tab is to put water into it, to stop Shakespeare, Marston, and other early dra-
matists.
the leaking by swelling the wood. North.
(4) A baud of straw. Devon. (6) A noise. See Bere.
(5) This word is apparently used for the shaft of (7) A tool used to cut sedge and rushes in the
fens. Norf.
a chariot in Holinshed, Hist, of England, p. 28.
Bindweed. North.
(6) A kind of wax-candle.
BEARD. (1) To oppose face to face in a daring
(7) The third and fourth branches of a stag's and hostile manner. ShaJc.
horn are called the beams, or beam-antlers.
See Bloine's Gent. Rec. p. 77 j Howard's Duell (2) To make one's beard j to deceive a person,
of the Stags, 1668, p. 8. Chaucer. See Wright's Anec. Lit. p. 30;
(8) A And
trumpet. (A.-S.) Tyrwhitt's Chaucer, iv. 210.
nowe bene heare in hell Her, (3) To trim a hedge. Salop.
Tell the daye of dome, tell beames blowe. (4) An ear of corn. Huloet.
Chester Plays, \. 17-
(5) The following proverb, although well known,
BE AMBLINGS. Small rays of light. See the deserves a place in this collection. Cf. Kyng
Two Lancashire Lovers, 16407 p. 7. Alisaunder, 1164.
BEAM-FEATHERS. The long feathers in the Mery it is in the halle,
wings of a hawk. According to some, the large When berdes wagg alle, MS. Laud. 622, f. 65%

top feathers of a hawk's tail. (6) The coarser parts of a joint of meat. The
BEAM-FILLING. Masonry, or brickwork, em- bad portions of a fleece of wool are also called
ployed toflush, or fill up a wall between joists the beard.
or beams. Brifton. BEARD-HEDGE. The bushes wliich are stuck
BEAMFUL. Luminous. Drayion. into the bank of a new-made hedge, to pro-
BEAMING-KNIFE. A tanner's instrument, tect the fresh planted thorns. C/tesh, Also
mentioned by Palsgrave, but without the cor- called beardings. See Kenuett's Glossary,
responding word in French ; subst. f. 19. MS. Lansd, 1033.
BEAMY. Built with beams. TqpselL BEARD-TREE. The hazel. Boucher.
BEAN. The old method of choosing king and BEARER. A farthingale.
queen on Twelfth Day, was by having a bean BEARERS. The persons who bear or carry a
and a pea mixed up in the composition of the corpse to the grave. In Kent the bier is some-
cake, and they who found them in their por- times called a bearer.
tions were considered the sovereigns for the BEAR-GARDEN. A favourite place of amuse-
evening. Herrick alludes to this custom, ment in the time of Elizabeth, and frequently
as quoted by Nares, in v, A bean was for- alluded to in works of that period. A common
merly a generic term for any thing worthless, phrase, " to make as much noise as a bear-
which was said to be " not worth a bene." garden," may hence have its origin. A high,
Nares mentions a curious phrase, " three blue sounding drum there used is alluded to in the
beans in a blue bladder," still in use in Suf- Meeting of Gallants at an Ordinarie, 1604.
folk, according to Moor, but the meaning of BEAR-HERD. The keeper of a bear. Shak
which is not very intelligible, unless we sup- BEARING. (1) A term at the games of Irish and
pose itto create a difficulty of repeating the backgammon. See Two Angry Women of
alliteration distinctly ; and Cotgrave, in v. Fe-
Abingdon, p. 12 ; Middleton's Works, ii. 529.
&ue, gives another phrase, " like a beane in a (2) In coursing, giving the hare the go-by was
monkes hood." called a bearing. See Blorne's Gent. Rcc. ii. 98.
BEAN-COD. A small fishing vessel. Percy.
BEARING- ARROW. An arrow that carries well.
BEANE. (1) Obedient. (A. £)
(2) A bone. Topsett. BEARING-CLAWS. The foremost toes of a
BEANED. A beaned horse, one that has a peb- cock. Diet. Rust.
ble put under its lame foot, to make^it appear BEARING-CLOTH. The fine mantle or cloth
sound and firm. with which a child is usually covered when it
BEANHELM. The stalks of beans. West. is carried to church to be baptized. Sfiak.
BEAR. (1) A kind of barley. North. See Flo- BEARING-DISHES. Solid, substantial dishes ;
rio, in v. Fdrro, Zea ; Cooper, in v. Achilleias, portly viands. Massing er.
Zca. BEARING-OF-THE-BOOK. A technical term
(2) To " bear a bob," to make one among many, among the old players for the duties of the
to lend a helping hand. East. prompter. In the accounts of the church-
(3) A message. Such at least appears to be the wardens ofHeybridge, 1532, we have, " Item,
meaning of beare in Chester Plays, i. 1 73. for baryng of the boke, vj. A," being among
(4) To " bear in hand," to amuse with frivolous the expenses of a miracle-play represented at
pretences, to keep in expectation, to persuade, Whitsuntide*
 BE A ii BEA
BEAR-LEAP. According to Kennett,MS. Lansd. BEAT-AWAY. To excavate, North.
1033, " a large osier basket to carry chaff out BEAT-BURNING. Denshering, q. v.
of a barn, born between two men." See BEATEM. A conqueror. Yorksh.
Barlep, BEATEN. (1) Trite. Middleton.
BEAR-MOUTHS. Subterraneous passages by (2) Stamped on metal. " Beton on the molde,"
which men and horses descend to the coal Sir Eglamour, 1031.
mines. North. (3) Stationed as upon a heat. See the Leycester
BEARN. (1) A barn. East. Correspondence, p. 163.
(2) A child. North. BEATER. A wooden mallet, used for various
(3) Wood. Coles. purposes. Cotgrave mentions " a thatcher's
BEARS'-COLLEGE. A jocular term used by beater," in v. Eschandole. The boards pro-
Ben Jonson for the bear garden, or Paris gar- jecting from the inside circumference of a
den, as it was more frequently called. churn to beat the milk, are called beaters.
BEAR'S-EAR. The early red auricula. East. BEATH. To heat unseasoned wood by fire for
BEAR'S-FOOT. A species of hellebore. See the purpose of straightening it. East. Tusser
Florio, in v. Branca Ursina, Consiligone, has the word, and also Spenser. Meat im-
Eleboro nero. We have bearsbreech and properly roasted is said in the Midland
bearswort, names of herbs. Counties to be beathed. See Beethy.
BEAR'S-MASQUE. A kind of dance men- BEATILLES. Giblets.
tioned inan old play in MS. Bodl. 30. BEATING. (1) Walking about ; hurrying. West.
BEAR-STONE. A large stone mortar, formerly (2 A row of corn in the straw laid along the
used for unhusking barley. Brocket!. barn-floor for thrashing. Norf.
BEARWARD. The keeper of a bear. BEATMENT. A measure. North.
BEAR-WORM. The palmer-worm. SeeTopsell's BEATOUR. Roundabout. (A.-N.)
History of Serpents, p. 105. BEAT-OUT. Puzzled. Essex.
BEAS. Cows ; cattle. North. BEATWrORLD. Beyond controuL East.
BEASEL. That part of a ring in which the BEAU. Fair; good. (A.-N.)
stone is set. Minsheu. Howell calls it leazil- BEAUCHAMP, "As bold as Beauchamp," a
head, in his Lexicon, app. Sect, xxxiv. See proverbial expression, said to have originated
also Florio, in v. Piantzza. in the valour of one of the Earls of Warwick
BEASSH. To defile. Palsgrave. of that name. See Nares, p. 48 ; Middleton's
BEAST. (1) An old game at cards, similar to Works, ii. 411 ; Brit. Bibl. i. 533.
the modern game of loo. BE AUFET. A cupboard or niche, with a canopy,
(2) Apparently a measure containing a single at the end of a hall. Britton.
fur. See Wardrobe Accounts of Edw. IV. BEAU-PERE. A friar, or priest. (A.-N.) See
p. 129. Piers Ploughman, pp. 383, 533. Roquefort
(3)state.
An animal East. of the "beeve kind in a fatting has, " Beau-pere, titre que Ton donnoit aux
religieux." Spenser has the word in the sense
BEASTING. A beating; a flogging. Lane. of companion. See also Utterson's Pop. Poet,
BEASTLE. To defile. Somerset. ii. 25 ; Prompt. Parv. p. 31.
BEASTLINGS. The first milk drawn after a BEAUPERS. Apparently some kind of cloth,
cow has calved, in some places considered un- mentioned in the Book of Rates, p. 26.
fit for the calf. A pudding made from this BEAUPLEADER. A writ that lies where the
milk, called beastling-pudding, is well known sheriff or bailiff takes a fine of a party that
for its peculiar richness. Sometimes called he may not plead fairly, or a fitting to the
freest, or b eastings ; and formerly applied to purpose. Kersey.
woman's milk, or of any animal. The word is BEAUTIFIED. Beautiful. S/iaL
common as an archaism, and also in the pro- BEAUTIFUL. Delicious. Var. dial.
vinces. See Cotgrave, ia v. Beton, Calkboutt, BEAU-TRAPS. Loose-pavements in the foot-
Laict, Tetine ; Florio, in v. Colostra. way, under which dirt and water collects,
BEAT. (1) Hares and rabbits are said to beat, Norf. to splash any one that treads on them.
liable
when they make a noise at rutting time. See
Blome's BEAUTY-WATER. Water used by ladies to
to search.Gent. Rec. ii. 76. As a sporting term, restore their complexions. Miege.
(2) To repair ; to mend. East. (A.-S.} BEAVER. (1) That part of the helmet which
(3) To abate. Hollyband. is moved up and down to enable the wearer
(4) Peat. Devon. to drink, leaving part of the face exposed
(5) To hammer with one's thoughts on any par- when up. Perhaps more correctly speaking,
ticular subject. Shak. the shade over the eyes; and the word is
(6) A term in grinding corn. See Arch. xi. 201. even applied to the helmet itself. See a dis*
(7) " Brewer's beat" is mentioned in the Songs sertation on the subject in Douce's Illustra-
of the London Prentices, p. 132. Qu. beet tions, i.438. «
root ?
(2) The bushes or underwood growing out on
(S) A blow. "We get but years and teats," the* ditchless side of a single hedge. Dorset.
Beaumont and Fletcher, y. 239. BE AVERAGE. Water cider. Devon.
 156
EEC BED
BEAVERET. A half-beaver hat. Rennet? s BECKETS. A kind of fastening ; a place of se-
Glossary, MS. Lansd. 1033. curity for any kind of tackle on board a ship.
BECK-STANS. The strand of a rapid river.
BEAWTE. "Without; except. Lane.
BEAZLED. Fatigued. Sussex. North.
BEB. To sip ; to drink. North. Also a beb- BECLAPPE. To catch. (A.-S.)
ler, an immoderate drinker. BECLARTED. Besmeared ; bedaubed. North.
BEBAST. To beat. See Euphues Golden Le- BECLIPPE. To curdle. Maundevile.
BE-COME. To go. (A.-S.) The participle oe-
gaoie, ap. Collier's
BE-BEIiED. Buried.Shak.SeeLib.MS.
p. 5.Arund. 57, com is found in Syr Gawayne.
quoted in Reliq. Antiq. i. 42. Yerstegan gives BECOMES. Best clothes. East.
bebirfyed in the same sense. BECOUGHT. Seized. (A.-S.)
Swete Mahoun, what is the red ?
BE BLAST. Blasted. Gascolgne.
BE -BLED. Covered with blood. (A.-S.) See Love-longiug ine hath
Beveslecought.
of Hamtoun, p. 3/

Chaucer, Cant. T. 2004; Morte d' Arthur, i. BECRIKE. A kind of oath. North.
102, The
148,knave
ii. 57;Maundevile's Travels, p. 3.
he stewe in the bedel, BECURL. To curve ; to bend. Richardson.
The ryche clothys were alle be-bledd. BECYDYN". Besides ; near. Prompt. Parv.
HIS. Ctmtab. Pf. ii. 38, f. 83. BED. (1) A bed of snakes is a knot of young
BE BLIND. To make blind. Gascoigne. ones ; and a roe is said to bed when she
BKBLOTTE. To stain. ((A.-S.) lodges in a particular place. Diet. Rust.
BEBOB. To bob. 2) A horizontal vein of ore in a mine. Derby sh*
Have you seene a dawe bebob two crowes so ?
Steevens' Old Plays, i. 78. 3) To gotions,top.19bed with. See
; Hardyng Jonson's
Suppt. p. 96.Conversa-
BE BODE. Commanded. Verstegan.
BE-CALLE. (1) To accuse; to challenge. See (4) Offered.
Lord, he(A.-S.) myght fulle wylle sped,
Langtoft's Chronicle, p. 257; Ywaine and A knyghtes dowghttyrTorrent wase hyme bed. p. 34
of Portugal,
Gawin, 491.
(2) To require. Gaw. (5)Poet.
Prayed.
i. 12.(A.-S.) See Warton's Hist. Engl.
(3) To abuse ; to censure. West.
BECASSE. A woodcock. (Fr.) See the Rut- (6) Commanded. Langtoft.
land Papers, p. 27. '7)wall.
The horizontal base of stone inserted in a
BECCHE. Made of iron. Yorksh.
BE CCO. A cuckold. (Ital) A favourite word (8) A fleshy piece of beef cut from the upper
•with our early dramatists. Drayton makes part of the leg and bottom of the belly. East.
lecco the Italian for a cuckoo, a bird often as- Sometimes the uterus of an animal is so called.
similated with human beccos. (9) The phrase of getting out the wrong side of
BECEGYN. To besiege. Prompt. Parv. the bed is applied to a person who is peevish
BECEKYN. To beseech. Prompt. Parv. and illtempered. Var. dial.
BECETTYN. To set in order. Prompt. Parv. BEDAFFE. To make a fool of. (A.-S.)
BECHATTED. Bewitched. Line. BE-DAGHE. To dawn upon. (A.-S.)
BECHE. A beech tree. (A.-S.) BEDAGLED. Dirtied. HoUy&and.
BECKER. A betrayer. (A.-S.) BED-ALE. Groaning ale, brewed for a christ-
Love is becher and les, ening. Devon.
And lef for to tele. MS, Digby 86. BEDAND. Offering. (A.-S.)
BECK. (1) A small stream. Var. dial See So long lie wente forth in hys wey,
His beiles bedand nyght and cley.
Plumpton Corr. p. 248 ; Harrison's Descrip- MS. dshmolti 61, f. 3.
tion of Britaine, p. 50.
Thetung, the brains, the paunch and the neck, BEDASSHED. Covered; adorned. This is ap-
When they washed be well with the water of the beck. parently the meaning of the word in Morte
BooTce of Hunting, 1586. d' Arthur, ii. 366.
(2) A constable. Harman. BEDAWYD. Ridiculed. SJcelton.
(3) To nod; to beckon. Also a substantive, a BED-BOARD. " Bedde borde" is translated by
bow, a salutation. SeeOrd. and Reg. p. Ill ; sponde in Palsgrave, subst. f. 19.
King and a Poore Northern Man, 1640 ; BEDD, The body of a cart. Kennetfs Glossary,
MS. Lansd. 1033.
Decker's Knights Conjuring, p. 17 ; Chaucer,
Cant. T. 12330, 17295 ; Skelton, ii, 280 ; Pals- BEDDE. A husband or wife. (A.-S.)
grave, verb, f. 158. A becJc was a bend of the BEDDEN. To bed; to put to bed. (A.-S.)
knee as well as a nod of the head.
BEDDER.
Howell. (1) The under-stone of an oil-mill
(4) The beak of a bird. Hence the protecting
tongue of an anvil is called the becJc-iron. (2) An upholsterer. West. In some counties,
Sometimes the nose is called a beck. Harrison, leddiner.
p. 172, talks of a person being "wesell BEDDERN. A refectory. (A.-S.)
becked." BEDDY. Greedy; officious. North.
BECKER. A wooden dish. Northuml. BEDE. (1) To proffer; to offer. North. See
BECKET. A kind of spade used in digging Minot's Poems, p. 19 j Langtoft, p« 29 j
tur£ East. Prompt, Parv. p. 28.
 157
BED BEE
BEDLAWYR. A bed-ridden person. Prompt.
(2) A prayer. (A.-S.) Parv.
(3)4 To order ; to bid. (A.-S.) Also, commanded, BEDLEM. Bethlehem.
as) in Rob. Glouc. p. 166. See the various
5)
meanings of bede given by Hearne. BEDMATE. A bedfellow.
To pray. (A-S.) BED-MINION. Abardash. See Florio, in v.
Prohibition. (A.-S.) Caramita, Concul'mo.
6) Placed. Skinner. BEDOLED. Stupified with pain. Devon.
7) Dwelt ; continued. S&inner. BEDOLVEN. Digged. Skinner.
(8) A commandment. (d.-S.) BED OM. Craved; demanded. Rob. Glouc.
BEDEADED. Slain ; made dead.
BEDEET. Dirtied. North. BEDONE. Wrought ; made up. Percy.
p. 143.
BEDOTE.
BEDELL. A servitor ; perhaps, bailiff. STcelton. To make to dote; to deceive.
The MS. Bodl. 175 reads bedel, Chester Plays, Chaucer.
BEDOUTE. Redoubted.
i. 95, in place of key dell in Mr. Wright's MS. Above all men he was there raoste bedoute.
BEDEN. Prayers. (A.-S.) Bedes, petitions,
Hardy >ng's Chronicle, f. 159.
occurs in the list of old words prefixed to Bat-
man uppon Bartholome, 1582. BEDPRESSER. A dull heavy fellow.
BEDENE. Immediately; moreover; collec- BE-DRABYLYD. Dirtied ; wetted. It is trans-
tivelycontinuously
; ; forthwith. This word is lated by paludosus in Prompt. Parv. pp. 28,
used in a variety of senses, sometimes appa- 283. Carr has drabble-tail, a woman whose
rently as a mere expletive. All the above petticoats are wet and dirty.
BEDRADDE. Dreaded. Chaucer.
meanings are conjectural, and derived from the BEDRAULED. Defiled. SMnner.
context of passages in which the word occurs. BEDREDE. Bedridden. Chaucer.
BEDERED. Bed-ridden. Prompt. Parv. BEDREINTE. Drenched. Chaucer.
BEDERKID. Darkened.
But whanne the blake wynter nyjte, BEDREPES. Days of work performed in
Withoute mone and sterre Iy3te, harvest time by the customary tenants, at the
Bederkid hath the water stronde,
bidding of their lords. See Cullum's Hawsted,
Alle prively they gone to londe. 1784, p. 189.
Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 46. BEDS. The game of hop-scotch. NortJi.
BEDEVIL. To spoil anything. South. A per- BEDS-FOOT. The plant mastic. SMnner.
son who is frequently convicted of vile con- BED-STEDDLE. A bedstead. Essex.
duct, is said to be bedeviled. BED-SUSTER. One who shares the bed of the
BEDEWITH. Wetteth. Chaucer. husband ; the concubine of a married man in
BED-FAGGOT. A contemptuous term for a relation to the legitimate wife. See Rob.
bedfellow. East. Glouc. p. 27, quoted by Stevenson.
BEDFELLOW. It was formerly customary for BEDSWERVER. An adultress. Shals.
men even of the highest rank to sleep toge- BED-TYE. Bed-tick. West.
ther ;and the term bedfellow implied great in- BEDUELE. To deceive. (^.-£)
timacy. Dr. Forman, in his MS. Autobiogra- BEDWARD. Towards bed. Nares.
phy, mentions one Gird as having been his BED WEN. A birch tree. West.
bedfellow, MS. Ash. 208. Cromwell is said to BEDYNER. An officer. (Dut.)
have obtained much of his intelligence during Lyare wes mi latymer,
the civil wars from, the common men with Sleuthe aut slep mi bedyner.
whom he slept. Wright's Lyric Poetry t p. 49.
BEDFERE. A bedfellow. Ben Jonson has BEE. A jewel. See Cooper, in v. Monile ;
bed-pheere, as quoted by Nares. Morte d' Arthur, i. 243.
That je schulle ben his owen dere, BEE-BAND. * A hoop of iron which encircles
And he schalle be 3owre bedfere. the hole in the beam of a plough where tbe
Goiver, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 189. coulter is fixed. North.
BEDGATT. Command ? BEE-BEE. A nursery song. Yorksh.
Thre balefulle birdez his brochez they turne, BEE-BIKE. A nest of wild bees. North.
That byddez his bedgatt, his byddyng to wyrche. BEE -BIRD. The willow wren. Var. dial.
Htloi te Arthure> MS. Lincoln, f. 64. BEE -BREAD. A brown acid substance with
BEDIZENED. Dressed out. Var. dial which some of the cells in a honeycomb are
BED-JOINTS. Joints of stone that lie in the filled. Var. dial. See Bee-give.
beds of rocks. Derlysh. BEE -BUT. A bee-hive. Somerset.
BEDLAM-BEGGARS. A class of vagrants, BEECH-COAL. A peculiar kind of coal used
more fully noticed under their other appella- by alchemists. See Ben Jonson, iv. 52.
tion, Toms of Bedlam, q. v. See several notices BEECHGALL. A hard knot on the leaf of the
in Malone's Shakespeare, x. 104. They were beech containing the maggot of some insect.
also called bedlams, bedlamers, and bedlamites, BEE-DROVE. A great crowd of men, or any
which came to be generic terms for fools of all other creatures. East.
classes. " Bedlem madnesse" is the transla- BEEDY. A chicken. Far. dial.
tion of furor in the Nomenclator, p. 424, BEEDY'S-EYES. The pansy. Somerset.
which may serve to illustrate a passage in
2 Henry VI, iii. 1. BEEF. An ox. Desc.
in Holinshed, (Fr.") Scotland,
So beefetj p.a young
20. ox, as
 BEE 1, 8 BEG
BEEF-EATERS. The yeomen of the guard. BEESTAILE. Cattle.
The name is said to be corrupted from beauf- Beestaile thei had ynouje I wot.
Cursor Mundi, MS. Trin. Coll. Cantab, f. 1&
fetiers. See Boucher, in v.
BEEFING. A builock fit for slaughter. Suffolk. BEET. A. beet of flax, translated by linifrangi-
lula in Skinner. For other meanings see Bete.
BEE-GLUE. According to Florio, in v. Pro- BEET-AXE. The instrument used in beeting
potio, " a solide matter, and yet not perfect
wax, wherewith bees fence the entrance^ of ground in denshering. Devon.
BEETHY. Soft, sticky ; in a perspiration. Un.
their hives to keepe out the winde or cold." derdone meat is called beethy. Duncumb ex-
BEE-HIVE. A wattled straw-chair, common
umong cottagers. West. plains it" withered." Herefordsh.
BEEK. A rivulet. North. BEETLE. A heavy wooden mallet, used for
BE EKED. Covered with dirt. North. various purposes. A " three man beetle,"
BEEKNE. A beacon. Prompt. Parv. says Nares, was one so heavy that it required
three men to manage it, two at the long ban-
BEELD. (1) Shelter. North. Sometimes a dies and one at the head. Kollyband, in his
shed for cattle is called a beelding, and is said
to be beeldy. This is merely a later form of Dictiouarie, 1593, mentions " a beetle which
laundrers do use to wash their buck and
beld) p.. v.
(2)Prompt.
To build. Parv.North.
p. 35. " Beeldynge" occurs in BEETLE-BROWED. Having brows that hang
clothes."Shakespeare uses the verb beetle, Ham-
over.
BEELE. A kind of pick-axe used in separating
the ore from the rock. let, i.4. Cf. Piers' Ploughman, p. 88 ; Du
BEE-LIPPEN. A bee-hive. Somerset. Bartas, p. 652 ; Howell, sect. 21 ; Rom. and
BEEM. See Beam. Juliet, i. 4.
BEETLE-HEADED. Dull ; stupid. Shak. In
BEEN. (1) Bees. (A.-S.) See Chaucer, Cant.
T. 10518 ; Piers Ploughman, p. 493. Dorsetshire, the miller's thumb is called a
leetlehead.
(2) Property ; wealth. Tusser. BEETLE-STON. The cantharides. Florio.
(3) The plural of the present tense of the verb BEETNEED. Assistance in the hour of distress.
to be. Sometimes, have been. In some North.
dialects, it is equivalent to because; and it
also occurs as a contracted form of by Mm. BEFAWN. To surround ; to seize, (^.-£;
And yf [je] see a schyppe of palme,
(4) Nimble; clever. Lane. Grose has bienty, Then sylle to themMS.befawn.
excellently. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38> f. 08.
(5) A withy band. Devon. BEFET. A buffet ; a blow. (A.-N.}
BEENDE. Bondage. BEFFING. (1) Barking. Line.
BEENSHIP. Worship; goodness. (2) Burning land after it is pared. North.
BEER. Force; might. ChesJi, More, MS. ad- BEFIGHT. To contend. Surrey.
ditions to Ray, has, " to take beer, to goe JBEFILIN. To defile.
back that you may leape farther." See also BEFILL. Befell. (4.-S.)
Kennett's Glossary, MS. Lansd. 1033. BEFLAYNE. Flayed.
BEERE. A bier. Prompt. Parv. Oute of his skyn he was beflayne
BEER-GOOD. Yeast. East. Alle quik, and in that wise slayne.
BEERNESS. A beer-cellar. North. Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 212.
BEERY. Intoxicated. Warw. BEFLECKE. To streak ; to spot.
Why blush you, and why with vermilion taint
BEES. (1) " To have bees in the head," a Beflecke your cheeks ? Turbcvile's Oi)id,\5(fit f. 134.
phrase meaning, according to Nares, to be BEFON. To befall ? Towneley Myst.
choleric. " To have a bee in the bonnet," is BEFORE. To take before one. " Shall I take
a phrase of similar import, or sometimes
means to be a little crazy. Toone gives a that before me ?" that is, " shall I take it with
Leicestershire proverb, " as busy as bees in a me when I go there ?" Kent.
BEFOREN. Before. (A.-S.) Bffom is com-
bason." See also Jamieson's Suppl. in v. mon in early works, and in the dialects of the
Bee.
(2) The third person sing, and all tihe pi. future present day.
tense of the verb to be. North. The ten- BE-FOTE. On foot. Prompt. Parv.
BEFROSE. Frozen.
into s. dency of this dialect is to change th (A.-S.) Over Daunby thilke flood,
Whiche alle be/rose than stood.
(4) Flies. Line. Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 73.
(5) Cows. North. BEFT. Struck ; beaten. Gaw.
BEESEN. Blind. Line. A common expres- BEFYCE. Beau fils. See Prompt. Parv. p. 28,
sion, "as drunk as a lessen." " Wullo beezen pulcher filius ; and Kitson's Met. Rom. iii. 256.
the vine right," will you he blind to the fine This generic name is often adopted in the old
sight, Fairholt's Pageants, ii. 101. Spelt bee- romances.
some in the early editions of Coriolanus, ii. 1. BEFYLDE. Dirtied.
BEESKIP. A bee-hive. West. I praye you therfore hertyly,
BEES-NEST. A kind of flax. Skinner. That you wyll take it paciently,
BEESNUM. Be they not. West. For I am all befylde. The Unluckie Virmentle.
 BEG 159 BEH

BEG. To beg a person for a fool, was to apply BEGLE.TheBoldly? Sarasyns were swythe stronge,
to be his guardian, under a writ de idiota in- And helde fyght begle and longe.
quirendo, by which, if a man was legally MS. Cantab. Ff. ii, 38, f. 105,
proved an idiot, the profits of his land arid the BEGLUED. Overcome. Lydgate.
custody of his person might be granted by the BE GO. To do ; to perform. (A.-S.) In the
king to any subject. Nares. The custom is following passages, used for leyon, part. pa.
frequently alluded to by our old dramatists. And tolde him how hit was bego,
BEGAB. To- mock ; to deceive. Of is wele and of is wo.
Betes of Ramtount p. 77.
BEGALOWE. To out-gallop.
That was a wyjt as any swalowe, The erthe it is, whiche evermo
Ther my5t no hors hym begalowe. With mannis laboure is bego.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 124 Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 59.
BEGAKED. Adorned. Skelton. BEGON. Adorned. Frequently used in this
BEGAY. To make gay. Beaumont. sense. See Reliq. Antiq. ii. 19 ; Illustrations
BEGAYGED. Bewitched. Devon. of Fairy Mythology, p. 59 ; Rom. of the Rose,
BEGCHIS. Bitches. Cov. Myst. 943. Then we have, wel legon, in a good way ;
BEGE. Big. Gaw. wo deffon, far gone in woe j worse begon, in a
BEGECK. A trick. Ritson. worse way, &c.
BEG-ENELD. A mendicant. Piers Ploughman. BEGONE. Decayed ; worn out. East.
BEGETARE. A begetter. Prompt. Parv. BEGONNE. Begun. (A.-S.)
BEGGAR. " Set a beggar on horseback, and he BEGORZ. A vulgar oath. Somerset. Perhaps
will ride to the jakes," a common proverb ap- more generally pronounced legosh. " Begum-
plied to those who have suddenly risen in mers" is another oath of similar formation.
wealth, and are too proud even to walk there. BEGRAVE. Buried. (A.-S.)
So that dyvers of our saylors were much offended, Into the grounde, where alle gone,
and sayd, set a begger on liorsbacke and he wyl This ded lady was begrave.
ryde unreasonable. .MS. Addit. 5008. Goiver, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 67.
BEGGAR-MY-NEIGHBOUR.Achildren'sgame BEGREDE. To cry out against. (A.-S.) Be*
at cards. The players throw a card alter- ffrad occurs in Ellis's Met.Roni.iii. 51,
nately, till one throws a court card, the ad- Launcelot of tresson they be-g>*edde,
versary giving one card for a knave, two for a Callyd hym fals and kyngys traytoure.
queen, three for a king, and four for an ace, MS.Harl. 2252, f. 108.
this proceeding being interrupted in the same BEGRUMPLED. Displeased. Somerset.
manner if the other turns up a court card or BEGUILED. Covered with guile. Shale.
an ace, which generally makes the game an BEGUINES. A sort of nuns. SMnner.
unreasonable length. BE-GYFTE. Gave.
Thefe, where haste thou my oxen done
BEGGAR'S-BUSH. According to Miege, a That y the le-gyfte. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 86.
rendezvous for beggars. " To go by beggar's BEGYN. A biggin. Reliq. Antiq. ii. 74.
bush,"
bush wasto also go theon the
nameroad
of atotree
ruin.
near Beggar's
London. BEGYNGGE. Careful. (A.-S.)
A begyngge gome, gameliche gay. Reliq. Antiq. ii. 8.
Cleaveland, in his Midsummer Moon, p. 188, BEH. Bent; inclined. (A.-S.)
says, "if a man be a tree invers'd, hee's beg- BEHALT. Beheld. Weber.
gar's bush." See also the Two Angrie Women BEHALVE. Half; side, or part. (A.-S.)
of Abingdon, p. 80. A similar phrase, " we BEHAPPEN. Perhaps. Salop.
are brought to begger staffe," occurs in the BEHATED. Hated; exceedingly hated. The
Plumpton Correspondence, p. 199.
BEGGARS-BUTTONS. The burson on the term occurs in the Morte d' Arthur, ii. 82 ;
burdock. Devon. Stanihurst's Description of Ireland, pp. 34, 44 j
BEGGARS-NEEDLE. The shepherd's needle. Palsgrave's Acolastus, 1540. It is the syno-
Midland C. nyme of lialy, and translated by exosus in
Prompt. Parv. p. 222, the former of which has
BEGGARS -VELVET. The light particles of no connexion with A.-S. healic. See Holy.
down shaken from a feather-bed, and left by
a sluttish housemaid to collect under it. East. BEHAVE. To manage ; to govern, generally in
The term beggars' -bolts, stones, is of a similar point
seems ofused
behaviour. "The substantive
in a collateral behaviour
sense in King John,
formation.
BEGGAR-WEED. The corn spurry. Beds. LI.
BEGGARY. Full of weeds. East. BEHEARD. Heard. See Percy's Reliques,
p. 23 ; Robin Hood, i. 123.
BEGHE. A crown ; a garland. (A.-S.) Ful wel beherd now schall it be,
BEGILED. Beguiled. (A.-N.) And also beloved in many centre.
BEGINNYNGE. A principle. Chaucer. MS. C. C. C. C. 80.
BEGIRDGE. To grudge. Somerset.
BEGKOT. Foolish. (A.-N.) BE-HELIED. Covered. (^.-S.) See Ellis's
JBegkot an bride,
Met. Rom. ii. 258; Richard Goer de Lion, 5586.
Bede him at ride BE-HERTE. By heart; with memory. Prompt.
In the dismale. Parv.
Wright PulitieaZ Songs, p. 303. BEHEST. (1) A promise. (A.-S.) See Chaucer,
 BEJ 160 BEL
He was lest worth in lovis ye,
Cant T. 4461 ; Maundevile's Travels, p. 1 ; And most bejapid in his witte.
Harrowing of Hell, p. 27, spelt byhihstes. Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 5$
(2) An order ; a command. BEK. To beckon. (A.-S.)
BEHETE. To promise. (A.-S.) See Chaucer, That he fele on his hors nek,
Cant. T. 1856 ; Chester Plays, i. 31. » Him to heveden thai gan to bek.
Arthuur and Merlin, p. 193.
The empcrowrs modur let calle a knave,
And hym behett grete mecle to have. BEKE. The brim of a hat or hood ; anything
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 83. standing out firm at the bottom of a covering
He had a quene that hyghte Margaret, ^ for the head. The term has not yet been
Trewe as stele, y yow behett. Ibid. f. 7l« explained. The above is conjectural from the
BEHEWE. Coloured. (A.-S.) passages in which the word occurs in Strutt,
BEHIGHTE. To promise. (A.-S.) Behighten, ii. 212; Planche, p. 231; Rutland Papers,
pa. t. pL, Chaucer, Cant. T. 11639; Maunde- p. 6 ; Brit. Bibl. iv. 27.
vile's Travels, p. 3. BEKEANDE. Warming ; sweating. Ritson. See
BEHINT. Behind, North.
Ywaine and Gawin, 1459; bekynge, Morte
BE HITHER. On this side. Sussex. It is d'Arthur, i. 139.
also an archaism. See Nares, in v. Somerset-
horses, when BEKENE. A beacon. (A.-S.)
shire carters say tether to their BEKENEDEN. Beckoned. WicMffe.
they wish them to move towards their
side. BE-KENNE. To commit to. (A.-S.)
This lettie be-kende Alexander to the knyghtis of
BEHOLDINGNESS. Obligation. Webster. Darius, and the peper also, and bad thame bere
BE-HONGYD. Hung with tapestry. Weber. thame to the emperour; and he gaffe thame grete
BEHOOVEFULL. Useful ; profitable. See Hey- gyftes and liche, and sent MS.thjmeLincoln
furthe.A. i. 17, f , 9t
wood's Apology for Actors, 1612 ; Brit. Bibl. And thou, his derlyng,
i. 20. Ash gives the form behoovable. His modir in kepyng
BEHOTYN. To promise. Prompt. Parv. To the he be-kende. Ibid, f. 231.
BEHOTYNG E. Promising. Maundevile .
Finely dressed; smart with BEKERE. To skirmish ; to fight. Spelt before
BEHOUNCED. in Syr Gawayne, another form of bicker. See
finery. Essex. Kennett says " ironically ap- also Prompt. Parv. p. 36.
plied," MS. Lansd. 1033. BE KINS. Because. Dorset.
BEHOVE. Behoof; advantage. (A.-S.)
Her beginneth the Prikke of Love BEKKYS. Begs. Towneky Myst.
That profitable is to soule behove. BEKNE. A beacon. Prompt. Parv.
Vernon MS. f. 265. BEKNOWE. To acknowledge; to confess.
BEHOVELY. Profitable. (A.-S.) See Troilus (A.S.) See Catalogue of Douce MSS. p. 7 ;
and Creseide, ii. 261. Chaucer, Cant. T. 1558, 5306 ; Richard Goer
It is behovely for to here. de Lion, 1700 ; Amis and Amiloun, 1279 ;
MS. Sac. Antiq. 134, f. 53.
Octovian, 1810. See Bi-Jcnowen.
BEHUNG. Hung about, as a horse with bells. And thanne, yf y be for to wite,
Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033. I wolle beknoiven what it is.
BEUL Both. (A.-S.) Gower, MS. Soc. Anttq. 134, f. 49.
Agein to bataille thei wente, BEKNYNGE. A beckoning. Prompt. Parv.
And foughten harde togidere beie, BEKUR. Fight ; battle ; sldrmish.
Never on of other ne stod eie. Otuel, p. 47. And yf he myght of hym be sekure,
Odur in batell or in bekur.
BEIGH. A jewel; an ornament. (A.-S.) This
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 217.
word, which occurs under various forms, •
sometimes has the signification of a ring, a And jyf y fle that yche leTcyr,
Y hope than y may be sekyr.
bracelet, or a collar for the neck. MS. Harl. 1701, f. 52,
BEIGHT. Anything bent, but generally applied
to the bend of the elbow. North. BEL. Beautiful. (A.-N.}
BELACOIL. A friendly reception. Spenser.
BEILD. (1) See Beld. Chaucer has Malacoit, q. v.
Land o live, o ro and rest,
Wit blis and beild broiden best. BELAFTE. Left ; remained.
MS. Cott. respas. A. iii. f. 7- As hyt was Goddys owne wylle,
Thelyenas belafte the chylde stylle.
(2) A handle. JorJesh. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 84.
BEILDIT. Imaged ; formed. Gaw. Whan he for luste his God refuseth,
BEING. (1) Because. Var. dial And took him to the develis crafte,
Lo what profit him is belafte.
(2) An abode ; a lodging. East.
BEINGE. Condition. Weler. Gower, MS, Soc.Antiq. 134, f. 191.
BELAGGED. Tired.
BEIRE. (1) Of both. Rob. Glouc.
(2) Bare. Ibid. BE-LAGGYD. Dirtied; wetted. Prompt. Parv.
BE JADE. To weary ; to tire. Milton. BELAM. To beat. See Cotgrave in v. Cha-
BEJAPE. To ridicule, make game of. (A.-S.) peron; Famous Victories, p. 320.
See Chaucer, Cant. T. 16853; Troilus and A country lad had stept aside with a wench, and
Creseide,i. 532; v. 1119. done I know not what ; but his father mainly be-
But covertly ye of your dewbilnes lamb'd him for the fact, the wench prooving after-
Brjapen hem thus, al day ben men blyndyd. ward with child.
MS, Fairfax 16. Wit?} Fittest and Fancies, 1595, p. 146.
 161
BEL BEL
Bl a childe of litil belde
BELAMOUR. A fair lover. Spenser. \ Overcomen I am in myn elde.
BEL-AMY. Fair friend. (A.-N.) See Harts- i Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, t. ?&
home's Met. Tales, p. 107 ; Chester Plays, Phys raayde wax and bygan to belde
i. 151; Wright's Pol. Songs, p. 200; Towne- TVeyl ynto womans elde.
ley Mysteries, p. 70 ; Chaucer, Cant. T. MS, Hart. 170), f. 64.
12252; Ywaine and Gawin, 278; SirTristrem, (5) To build ; hence, to inhabit.
p. 161 ; Hob. Glouc. p. 390. Whenne cure saules schalle parte, and sundyre ffra
tne Doay
Belamy> he seyde, how longe
Shel thy folye y-laste ? Ewyre to belde and to byde in. blysse wyth hymeselvene.
MS. Coll. Tiin. Oron. 57 Morte Arthurs, MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f,53.
Belamye, and thou cowdyst hyt layne, In Sedoyne in that riche contree,
A cownselle y wolcle to the sayne. Thare dare na mane belde nor be»
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 33, f. 63. For dowt of a bare.
BELAPPED. Surrounded. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 140.
Owte of the wode they came anon,
And belapped us everychon. But cowardly,
(6) Formed ? with royall hoste hym beld,
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 195. Upon hym came all sodeinly to fight.
BELAST. Bound. Hardy ng's Chronicle, f. 147.
The seid James Skidmore is belast and -withholden BELDER. To roar ; to bellow. North. Bel*
toward the seid Sir James for an hole yeer to do him derer, a roarer.
service of werre in the perties of France and of BELDYNG. Building. (A.-S.}
Normandie. Arch. xvii. 214.
BELATED. Benighted. Milton. Generally BELE. (1) Fair ; good, (A.-N.) See the Archze*
retarded. See Miege, in v. ologia, xxiii. 342.
BELAVE. To remain. (A.~S.) (2) Bad conduct. Line.
For nought Bcves nolde belave, BELEAKINS. By the Lady kin ! North.
The beter hors a wolde have. BELEAWD. Betrayed. Verstegan.
Beves of Hamtount p. 70. BELE-CHEBE. Good company. (A.-N.)
BELAY. (1) To fasten. A sea term. BELEDDY. By our Lady! leic.
The master shewyng us that by neglygens of some BELEE. To shelter. Shalt.
to belay the haylers, the mayn yerd had fawln down BELEF. A badge? Gaw.
and lyke to have kyld three or four. JUS. Addit. 5008. BELEVAND. Kemaining, i. e. alive. See Tor-
(2) To flog. Northampt. rent of Portugal, 359. (A.-S.)
BELAYE. To surround. Rot. Glouc. BELEVE. Belief. (A.-S.) See Chaucer, Cant.
BELAYED. Covered. Spenser. T. 3456 ; Dodsley, xii. 335.
BELCH. (1) Small beer. Yorfah. BELEVED. Left. Chaucer.
BELEVENESSE. Faith. Prompt. Parv.
(2)tails.
To remove the indurated dung from sheep's BELEWYNGE. The belling of the hart.
Somerset.
And thei syngeth in thaire langage that yn
BEL-CHOS. Pudendum feminse. (^.-JV.) See Englonde hunters ealle belewynge, as men that
a curious account in MS. Addit. 12195, f. loveth paramoures. MS. Hodl. 546.
158 j Chaucer, Cant. T. 6029, 6092.
BELEYN. Besieged.
BELCHYN. To decorate. Prompt. Parv. Whan nobille Troy was beleyn
BELCONE. A balcony. And overcome, and home a^en
BELDAME. A grandmother, Formerly a term The Grekis tumid fro the sege.
of respect. Spenser uses it in its original Cower, MS. Soc. Anttq. 134, f.96.
French signification, fair lady. Kennett, MS. Aboute Thebes, where he lay,
Lansd. 1033, " an old woman that lives to see Whanne it of siege was bele.vn. Hid. f. 51.
a sixth generation descended from her." BELFRY. (1) A temporary shed for a cart or
BELDE. (1) Protection; shelter; refuge. (A-S.) waggon in the fields or by the road side, hav-
See Le Bone Florence of Rome, 1721; Sir ing an upright post at each of the four corn-
Perceval, 1412, 1413, 1921 ; Minot's Poems, ers, and covered at the top with straw, goss,
p. 27. Still in use in the North. &c. Line. This word, which is curious for its
For thou myghte in thaire bale connexion with terfrey^ was given me by the
Beste be thaire belde. Rev. James Adcock of Lincoln.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 233.
(2) To protect ; to defend. See Ywaine and (2) Apparently part of a woman's dress, men-
Gawin, 1220 ; Lay le Freine, 231. Perhaps BELG. Totioned inbellow.
Lydgate'sSomerset*
Minor Poems, p. 201.
in the last instance to encourage. Sometimes BELGARDS. Beautiful looks. Spenser.
spelt fylde, as in Sir E glamour, 3. BELGRANDFATHER, A great great granck
father.
(3) Bold. (A.-S.) See Lybeaus Disconus, 2123;
KyngAlisaunder, 5004. BELIER. Just now. Somerset.
(4) Build; natural strength. "Stronge of BELIKE. Certainly ; likely ; perhaps. Var.dial.
belde," strongly built, as we say of persons Bishop Hall has lelikely
Strongly formed by nature. Mr. Utterson's BELIME. To ensnare. Dent.
explanation, i. 164, is quite right,* although BE-LITTER. To bring forth a child. Itistrans-*
questioned in the new edition of --Boucher. lated by enfaunter in Reliq. Antiq. ii. 78.
" To belde," to increase in size and strength. BELIVB. (1) In the evening. North. 11This ex*
 BEL BEL
162
planation is given by Ray, Meritou, and the BELLOCK. To bellow, when beaten or fright-
•writer of a letter dated March 13th, 1697, ened. Var. dial.
in MS. Lansd. 1033. BELLONED. Asthmatic. North.
(2) Quickly; immediately; presently. A common BELLOSE. Warlike. (Lot.)
term in early English. BELLOWFARMER. A person who had the
BELKE. To belch. North. See Towneley Myst. care of organs, regals, &c.
BELLRAG. To scold. Jfferefordsh.
p. 314 ; Dent's Pathway, p. 139 ; Elyot, in v. BELLRAGGES. A species of water-cresses,
Erncto, " to lealke or breake wynde oute of
the stomake." mentioned by Elyot, in v. Laver.
BELKING. Lounging- at length. Line. BELLS. •' Give her the bells, and let her fly."
BELL. (1) A roupie at the tip of the nose. an old proverb taken from hawking, meaning
Palsgrave. that when a hawk is good for nothing, the
bells are taken off, and it is suffered to escape ;
(2) The cry of the hart. See Hunter's Hallam- applied to the dismissal of any one that the
shire Glossary, p. 11. It is, properly speak-
ing, the cry made by that animal at rutting owner has no longer occasion for. See Reliq.
time. Antiq. i. 27 ; Patient Grissel, p. 16.
BELL-SOLLER. The loft in a church on which
(3) To swell. See a curious charm in Pettigrew
on Medical Superstitions, p. 80 ; Beves of ringers stand. North.
Hamtoun, p. 102 ; Legendse Catholicse, p. 231. BELL-WEDDER. A fretful child. North.
(4) Bell, book, and candle ; the form of excom- BELLY. (1) The widest part of the vein of a
munication inthe church of Rome, ending by mine. North.
closing the book against the offender, extin- 2) A whale. (But.)
guishing the candle, and ringing the bell. 3) Carr gives the Craven phrase, " belly-go-
Hence the oath. See Reliq. Antiq. i. 1 ; lake thee," take thy fill, indulge thy appetite.
Ywaine and Gawin, 3023. BELLYATERE. A bellfounder. Prompt. Parv.
BELLY-BAND. A girth to secure a cart-saddle.
(5) " To bear the bell," a common phrase mean- North.
ing to carry off the prize. See Cov. Myst.
p. 189; Troilus and Creseide, iii. 199. BELLYCHE. Fairly. (A.-N.)
BELLAKIN. Bellowing. North. BELLYCHEAT. An apron. Ash.
BELL AND. This word is used in two senses, BELLY-CLAPPER. A dinner bell? See Flo-
1. applied to ore when reduced to powder ; rio, in v. Battdglio, Battifdlle.
2. its pernicious effects on men and animals BELLY-FRIEND. An insincere friend ; a per-
by their imbibing the small particles of ore. son who pretends friendship for purposes of
North. his own. Miege.
BELLARMIN. A burlesque word used amongst BELLY-GOD. A glutton ; an epicure.
drinkers to express a stout bottle of strong BELLY-HARM. The cholic. Belly-holding, a
drink. Miege. crying out in labour. Devon.
BELLART. A bear-leader. Chest. BELL"?- NAKED. Entirely naked. See the
BELL-BIT. The bit of a bridle made in the Basyn, xix. ; Cotgrave, in v. Fin, Tout ; Frier
form of a bell. Miege. and the Boy, ap. Ritson, p. 49.
I am ail together lefte bare, or I am lefte starke
BELLE. (1) A mantle? See Wright's Seven
Sages, pp. 78, 84 ; Anecd. Lit. p. 12 ; Awnturs tiely-naked,
wretche that orI ain lefte
! asWyllnaked
ye notas leave
my'nayle, sory
me a lyttell
of Arthure, xxix. 3.
garment, or a sory wede, to hyde my tayle withal.
(2) To roar. (A.-S.) Acolastus, 1540.
(3) A clock. Cov. Myst. BELLY-PIECE. A thin part of a carcase near
(4) A bonfire. Gaw. thebeUy. North.
BELLE-BLOME. The daffodil. (A.-N.) Still BELLYS. Bellows.
called the bellflower in some counties. BELLY-SHOT. A term applied to cattle, ac-
BELLE-CHERE. Good cheer. (A.-N.)
BELtEN. To swell. See BetL cording toKennett, MS. Lansd. 1033, " when
cattle in the winter, for want of warmth and
BELLE3ETER. A bell-founder. Prompt. Parv.
BELLIBONE, A fair maid. Spenser. good feeding, have Food.
BELLY-TIMBER. their gutsVar.shrunk
dial.up."Scott
BELLIBORION. A kind of apple. East. puts this word into the mouth of a distin-
B-ELLICAL. Warlike. (Lai.) guished eupbmst, Monastery, ed. 1830, i.
BELLICH. Well. See an old glossary in ROD. 222. f
Glouc. p. 647. Fairly? BELLY-VENGEANCE. Small beer. Var. dial
BELLICON. One addicted to the pleasures of BELLY-WANT. A belly-band. Hants.
the table. North. BELLY-WARK. The cholic. North.
BELLICOUS. Warlike. Smith. BELOKE. Fastened ; locked. (A.-S.)
BELLIN. To roar; to bellow. North. And how in grave he was beloke,
BELLITUDE. Fairness. (Lot.) And how that he hath hells broke.
BELL-KITE. A protuberant body. North. Gowei; MS. Sf>c. Antiq. 134, f. 83.
BELLMAN. A watchman. Part of his office BELOKED. Beheld. Octovian, 1046.
was to bless the sleepers in the houses that he BELONGINGS. Endowments. Shale.
passed, which was often done in verse, and BELOOK. To weep. Beds.
hence our bellman's verses. BELOUKE. To fasten; to lock up.
 163 BEN
BEM
It occurs in this sense in MS. Cott. Vespas. D. BEME. (1) Bohemia. (A.-S.) See Minot's
vii., but perhaps to perceive inBeves of Ham- Poems, p. 16; Skelton, ii. 340; Planche's
Costume, p. 163.
toun, p. 60.
BELOWT. To abuse roughly. (2) A trumpet. (A.-S.)
BEL-PEROPIS. Fairjewels. Skinner. BEMEENE. To mean.
Lady, they seyde, Hevyn quene,
BELSCHYD. Decorated. Prompt. Pare. What may all thys sorowe bemeene 9
BELSH. Rubbish ; sad stuff. Line. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 189.
BEL-SHAN GLES. A cant term, used by Kemp, BEMEN. Trumpets. (A.-S.)
in his Nine Daies Wonder, 1600, where he
mentions himself as " head-master of Morrice- BEMENE. To lament ; to pity. (A.-S.) See
dauncers, high head-borough of heighs, and Ellis's Met. Rom. ii. 14, iii. 123.
BE-METE. To measure. Shdk.
onely tricker of your trill-lilies, and best del-
BEMOIL. To dirt)-; to soil. Shah
shangles betweene Sion and mount Surrey." BEMOISTEN. To moisten. See the Brit.
BELSIRE. A grandfather; an ancestor. (A.-N.} Bibl. iii. ad fin. p. xxxvi.
BELSIZE. Bulky ; large. East. BE MOLE. A term in music, B molle, soft or
BEL-SWAGGER. A swaggerer ; a bully. Ac- flat. The word occurs in Skelton, and also
cording toAsh, a whoremaster, who also gives in a curious poem on music, in Reliq. Antiq.
the term belly swagger, " a bully, a hectoring i. 292. Bemy, Reliq. Antiq. i. 83, has appa-
fellow." rently the same meaning.
BELT. (1) To beat; to castigate. Salop. BEMONSTER. To make monstrous. Skak.
(2) To shear the buttocks and tails of sheep. BEMOOKED. Dirtied; defiled. Palsgrave.
Midland C.
3) Built. Yorteh.
BEMOONYD. Pitied. (A.~S.)
Gye ys moche bemoonyd of all,
An axe. Prompt. Pans. In the erlys cowrte and in the kyngys halle.
(5) A course of stones projecting from a wall. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 148.
Britton. BE-MOTHERED. Concealed?
BELT AN. The first of May. North. Kennett, BEMUSED. Dreaming; intoxicated.
MS. Lansd. 1033, gives the proverb, " You'l BEN. (1) Prompt ; ready. Gaw.
have wor bodes ere Belton." The ceremonies (2) Oil of Ben, an ointment formerly in great
of the beltan were kept up in Cumberland in repute; benzoin. See Dodsley, xii. 236;
the last century, but are now discontinued. A Nomenclator, p. 95 ; Cotgrave in v. Muscellin;
full account of them will be found in Jamieson. Howell, in v. Acorn ; Plorio, in v. Asset dolce.
BELTER. A prostitute. North.
BELUTED. Covered with mud. Sterne. (3) Bees. (4.-S.)
So faste hii gonneaboute him scheve,
BELYE. (1) To drink greedily. North. Ase don 6en aboute the heve.
JBeves of Hamtottn, p. 56.
(2) To roar ; to bellow. Somerset. In old Eng-
lish, we have belwe, as in Piers Ploughman, (4) To be. (A.-S.) Ben is the pres. pi. and
p. 222. part. pa. of this verb.
BELWORT. The name of a herb. In MS. Sloane (5) Goods. Rob. Glouc.
5, f. 3, the Latin name given is acandus, and (6) Well; good. Weber.
in f. 8, puUimonaria, the word being spelt (7) In; into. YorfoJi.
tiellewort in the latter instance. (8)Exmoor.
The " true ben," the utmost stretch or bend.
BELWYNGE. A bellowing. (A.-S.)
It schulde seme as thouje it were (9) The truth. Devon.
A belwynge in a mannis ere. (10) A figure set on the top of the last load of
Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 214. the harvest immediately in front, dressed up
BELYE S. Bellows. (A.-S.) with ribbons, &c. as a sort of Ceres. Norf.
And alle this undir the bynke thay thraste, BENAR. Better. An old cant term. See
And with thayre belyes thay blewe ful faste.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 128. Dodsley, vi. 109 ; Earle's Microcosmography,
BELYKLYHOD. Probability. BENATURE.
p. 255. A vessel containing the holy
Thow may her a tale full badly told, water. William Bruges, Garter King of Arms,
And of a goodly man belyklyhod of chere.
MS. Laud. 416, f. 39. 1449, bequeaths " a gret holy-water scoppe
BELYMMED. Disfigured. SJcelton. of silver,
ture andwith
staff a weyng
staff denature',
xx. noblesthein said
platedena-
and
BELYNG. Suppuration. See BeaL
more," Test. Vetust. p. 266.
BEM. Abeam; a pillar. BEN-BAUFE. An old cant term, occurring ID
In lem of cloude ich ladde the,
And to Pylate thou laddest me. Reliq. Antiq. ii. 226. the Roaring Girl, 1611.
BEMANGLE. To mutilate. BENCH. A widow's bench, a share of the
BEMASED. Stunned; astounded. husband's estate which a woman enjoys be-
He rose up, as I saye nowe, sides her jointure. Simea?. See Kennett's
And lefte us lyinge I wote nere howe, Glossary, MS. Lansd. 1033.
Al bemased in a soune, BENCHED. Furnished with benches. Chaucer.
As we hade bene sticked swyne. BENCHER. An idler j a person who spends
Chester Plays, ii. 93, his time on ale-house benches.
 BEN BEN
5ENCH-FLOOR. In the coal mines of Wed-16-1
At the bane and at the cat,
A foul play holde y that KS. Eodl. 48, f. 174.
nesbury in Staffordshire, the sixth parting or
laming in the body of the coal is called the (4) Bane ; destruction. Lang f off.
bench-floor, 2^ ft. thick. Kennett, MS. Lansd.
BENCH-HOLE. The hole in a bench, ad le- (5) A prayer ; a request. (d.-S.) North eoun-
vanclum alvum. See Makme's Shakespeare, try nurses say to children, " clap bene,"
meaning, join your hands together to ask a
xii. 353 ; Webster's Works, iii. 254. blessing, to pray. Cf. Reliq. Antiq. i. 113;
BENCH-TABLE. A low stone seat round the
inside of the walls of a church. This term is i.Wright's
02. Lyric Poetry, p. 92 j Ritson's Songs,
found only in the contract for the Fothering- BENE APED. Left aground by the ebb of the
gay church, printed by Dugdalc.
BENCH-WHISTLER-. A sottish rollicksome spring tides, South.
BENE DAY. A prayer-day, conjectured to be
idler, who spends his time chiefly on the ale- synonymous with A.-S. bentiid, the rogation
house bench. The term occurs in Stanihurst's days.
Description of Ireland, p. 24, and also in BBNEDICITE. An exclamation, answering to
Nine Dales
Kemp's Poems, Wonder, 1GOO ; Lydgate's our Bless us I Ii was often pronounced as a
Minor p. 170. trysillable, Bencite ! (Lat.) Benste occurs in
BEND. (1) A baud of men. Line. It occurs the Towneley Mysteries, p. 85.
in Huloet, 1552; Cooper, in v. Grex ; Arch, BENEDICTION-POSSET. The sack-posset
xxviii. 99.
which was eaten on the evening of the wed-
(2) A " lace bend" is described as " round of ding day, just before the company retired.
eight bowes" in a curious IMS. quoted by See Brand's Pop. Antiq. ii. 109.
Strutt, ii. 98. BENEFICE. A benefit. Hoccleve. In Har-
(3) Strong ox leather, tanned with bark and rington's Nugae Antiquae, i. 63, we have bene-
other ingredients, which give it a blue cast.
North. Jiciallnes, beneficence.
BENEFIT. A living ; a benefice. North. Ash
(4) A semicircular piece of iron used as part of has beneficial in the same sense.
a horse's harness to hold up the chains when BENEME. To take away; to deprive. (A.-S.}
ploughing. For fchou benemest me thilke jifte,
(5) Indurated clay. North. Whiche lyeth noujt in thy nayjte to schifte.
Cower, MS, Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 03.
(6)is The
also "border
a term of for a a woman's cap. and
handkerchief, North.
SkinnerIt BENEMERENT. Well deserving. (Lat.)
explains it, " muffler, kercher or cawl." BENE MPT. Named ; called. Spenser.
(7) A bond ; anything which binds. (A.-S.) BENERTH. The service which the tenant owed
BENDE. (1) A "band or bandage ; a horizontal the landlord by plough and cart, so called in
stripe. (A.-N.) Kent. See Lambarde's Perambulation, ed.
(2) Bondage. See Amis and Amiloun, 1233 ; 1596, p. 212.
Lybeaus Discomis, 252. BE NET. One of the orders in the Roman Ca-
Swete Fader, wath me is wo, tholic church, the exorcista, who cast out
I may not bringe the out of bende.
MS. Jddit. 11307, f- 109. evil spirits by imposition of hands and asper-
sion ofholy water. Prompt. Parv.
(3) Bent ; put down. Gaw. BENETHE. To begin. Cov. Myst.
BENDED. Bound, Maundevile.
BENETOIRE. A cavity or small hole in the
BENDEL. A band ; a stripe. (A.-N.) Steven- wall of a church, generally made near the
son, a"bendlet. door, as a receptacle for the vessel that con-
BENDING-. Striping; making of bands, or tained the holy water. Boucher. See also
stripes. Chaucer. Benature.
BEND-LEATHER. A leather thong, according
to Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033. Boucher says, BENEYOLENCE. A voluntary gratuity given
by the subjects to the king. Blount.
. " what is elsewhere called sole-leather."' A BENEWID. Enjoyed. (^.-£)
strong infusion of malt is said to be a neces- The presence every day benewid,
sary ingredient in the tanning of bend-leather. He was with^iftis alle besnewid.
BENDSFULL. Bundles.
The frere he had bot barly stro, Gou-er, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 186.
Two thalce bendsfull without no, BENEWITH. The woodbine. Prompt. Parv.
BENEYDE.
Brit. BibL iv. 86. Conveyed.
BENDWARE. Hardware, Staffordsh. BENGE. To drink deeply. Somerset.
BENE. (1) To be. (A.-S,} BENGERE. A chest for corn. Prompt. Paw,
(2) Well ; fair j good. Gaw. Not quickly, as BENGY. Cloudy; Overcast. Essex.
in the additions to Boucher. See Robson's BENIGNE. Kind. (A.-N.}
Met. Rom. pp. 3, 14, 25. It is a cant term BENIME. To take away. (J.-S.)
Kyng Edgare had fro them ther londes bennme.
in the same sense, as in Earle's Microc. p. 253. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii 38, f. 123,
(3) A bean. (A.-S.) In the following passage BENINGNELI. Kindly. (A.-N.)
allusion is made to a game so called.
Harlottes falleth to stonde on the flore, BENISON. Ablessing. (A.-N.} According to
And pley som tyme ate spore, Thoresby, this word was current in Yorkshire
 BEN 165 BER
BEO. By.
in 1703. Cf. Piers Ploughman, p. 489 ; Chau-
cer, Cant. T. 9239 ; Cov. Myst. p. 86 ; Sevyn BEOCE. Boethius. Chaucer.
Sages, 3485 ; Sir Tristrem, p. 200 ; Langtoft, BEODE. (1) To offer; to proffer; to pray.
Also to summon, to command. It occurs in
pp. 115, 143.
BEN-JOLTRAM. Brown bread soaked in skim- a doubtful sense in Kyng Alisaunder, 3006,
explained by Weber, to carry; rather per-
East. med milk; the ploughboy's usual breakfast. haps, to balance a spear. (A.-S.)
BENK. A bench. Also the King's Bench, a (2) A prayer. (A.-S.)
court of justice. See Langtoft, pp. 58? 246 ; BEORYNG. (1) Burying; funeral. Weber.
Table Book of Traditions, p. 230. (2) Bearing; birth, Kyng Alls.
BEN-KIT. A large wooden vessel with a cover BEOTH. Be; are; is. (A.-S.)
to it. Line. Thoresby describes it, " a small BEOUTEN. Without. (A.-S.)
wooden vessel with a cover that's loose, and BE-PLOTMELE. Piecemeal. Prompt. Parv.
fitted with notches to two prominent lags that BEQUARRE. B sharp. An old musical term,
occurring in a curious poem on the compara-
have a string through them to carry it by." tive difficulty of learning secular and church
BEN NET. The bent grass. Somerset. Ac-
cording toan ancient West country distich — music, printed in Reliq. Antiq. i. 292.
«< Pigeons never know no woe BER. (1) Beer. Gaw.
Till tney a bennettmg do go.1* (2'i A berry. (1st.)
BENNICK. A minnow. Somerset.
(3) A bier. Ritson.
BENNYS, Beans. See an old will in Test. Ve- (4) Carried. Rob. Glouc.
tust. p. 507. (5) The space a person runs in order to leap
BENOME. Taken away. See Benime. the impetus. North.
BENOTHINGED. Diminished. Fairfax. BERAFRYNDE. A curious term introduced
BE NOW. By this time. North. in the tale of King Edward and the Shepherd,
BENSE. A cow-stall. North. ap. Hartshorne, p. 48, &c. It is barely pos-
BENSIL. To beat ; to thrash. North. sible that it may have some connexion with
BENT. (1) Ready. Weber. bellarmin, q. v. The manner in which it
(2) A plain ; a common ; a field ; a moor ; so occurs seems to give some ground for the
called from those places being frequently conjecture.
covered with the bent grass. \Yillan says BERALLE. Fine glass.
bents are "high pastures or shelving com- The jatys were of clene crystalle,
mons." The term is very common in early And as bryghte as any beralle.
English poetry. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 49.
Appone a bent withowt the borghe, BERAND. Rushing ; roaring. Ps. Cott.
With scharpe arowes je schote hym thurghe. BERANDE. Bearing. Kyng Alis. 5109.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 128. BERANDYLES. The name of a dish in an-
(3) The declivity of a hill. (A.-S.) Perhaps cient cookery. See the Forme of Cury, p. 99.
this may be the meaning in the Squyr of BERASCALLED. Abused like a rascal. Nash.
Lowe Degre, 65. BERATE. To scold. Cotgrave gives this as
} Subject. Cov. Myst. one of the meanings of Breteler.
5) A chimney. North. BERATTLE. To rattle ; to make a great noise.
(6) A long coarse grass, which chiefly grows Shak.
upon the moors. Also called bent-grass. A BERAYED. (1) Dressed.
blade of coarse hay or grass is called a bent ; For as they passed along in this array, the maner
and Gerard also calls a bundle of it a bent. was that some one, berayed like a devill, should offer
to invade the company,
See Salop. Antiq. p. 324 ; Florio, in v. Giun-
Lambarde's Perambulation, 1596, p. 334.
c&ta; Drayton's Poems, p. 185 ; Brit. Bibl. i.
212 ; Forby, ii. 417.
(2) Dirtied. To wet with rain. Hence gene-
BERAYNE.
(7) " Brows bent," i. e. arched. See Dyce's
notes to Skelton, p. 146 ; Rom. of the Rose, rally, to moisten. (A.-S.)
1217. But teares beraynde my cheeses,
I retchlesse rent mine heare.
(8) Form; shape.
My bente whiche that y now have Turbevile's Ovid, 1567, f. 12.
Tille I be take into my grave. BERBER. Barberry, a shrub. Gaw.
Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. SO. BERBINE. The verbena. Kent. This Saxon
BENTERS. Debentures. Steevem. form is given by Keunett, MS. Lansd. 1033.
BENTLES. Dry sandy pastures near the sea BERCEL, A mark to shoot at. It is trans-
covered chiefly with bent-grass. East. lated by meta, and occurs under five different
BENVENUE. Half-a-crown, a fee paid by every forms, bcrcd, berseel, bertel, bysselle, berseU,
new workman at a printing-house. Holme. in the Prompt. Parv. pp. 32, 56. Mr. Steven-
BENWYTTRE. The woodbine. Prompt. Parv. son, in his additions to Boucher, in v. Berselet,
BENYNGLICHE. Kindly. Rob. Giotto. has clearly shown the connexion of the word
BENZAMYNE. Benzoin, a kind of resin. with Germ. bersenf to shoot, and has also
Spelt benzwine in Topsell's Four-footed Beasts, quoted from the Prompt. Parv. MS. Harl. 221,
p. 240. Us. syiionyrae is obviously butt, and one is
 BER
BEE 166
13ERGH. A hill.
therefore somewhat surprised to find the editor Thanne shaltow blenehe
PiersatPloughman,
a lergh,
of the Promptorium, p. 56, confusing the term
p. 112.

with that applied to the ridges of a ploughed BERGMOTE . A court upon a hill, which is held
field. See also terser and bersault in Roquefort. in Derbyshire for deciding pleas and contro-
BERCELETTUS. Hounds. This is certainly versies among the miners.
the meaning of the word BERGOMASK. A rustic dance, framed in imi-
in Robson's Ro-
mances, p.60, and may throw a doubt on the tation of the people of Bergamasco, a province
interpretation ofbarcelett, q. v. See Barsletys. in the state of Venice, who are ridiculed as be-
BERCEN. The barton of a house. This form ing more clownish in their manners and dialect
of the word is given in MS. Gough, Wilts, 5, than any other people in Italy. ShaJc.
as current in Wiltshire.
BERCHE. Made of iron. BERHEGOR. Beer-aigre. In the Manners
and Household Expences of England, p. 456,
BERD. A beard. (A.-S.) " Maugre his berd," mention is made of " vij. galones berheyor."
of him. run in one's herd," to
n to." ToLangtoft.
BERIALLIS. Beryls ; precious stones.
offerspite
in oppositio BERIE. A grove ; a shady place. Harrington.
BERD ASH. A neck-cloth. The meaning of Probably from A.-S. bearu, and merely another
this term is doubtful. It occurs only in the form of Harrow, q. v. In the Prompt. Parv.
Guardian.
p. 33, we have berwe and berowet a shadow.
BERDE. (1) Margin; brink. Prompt. Parv. BERIEL. A burial. Also a tomb, a grave.
(2) A lady ; a young person. SeeParv. Bird. See the quotation under ayere (3) ; Dial. Great.
BERDYD. Bearded. Prompt. Moral, p. 88 ; Cov. Myst. p. 18 ; Sevyn Sages,
BERE. (1) A noise; a roar; a cry. (A.-S.) See 2598. (A.-S. byrgels.)
Hartshorne's Met. Tales, p. 99 ; Const, of Ma- BERING. (1) Birth. (A.-S}
sonry, p.35 ; Gy of Warwike, p. 223 ; Towne- (2) Behaviour. (A.-S)
ley Myst. p. 109 ; Kyng Alisaunder, 550. BERINGE-LEPE. A basket. Prompt. Parv.
BERISPE. To disturb. See the notes on
hardeseyde
ITho," nevyrBefyse, beere !thou that y here ?
a fowlerheryste
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 114. Reynard the Fox, p. 191.
BERKAR. One who barks. Prompt. Parv.
(2) To make a noise. (A.-S.) BERKYN. To bark. Prompt- Parv.
To the pavylown he can hym wynne,
And brevely can he bere. BERLINA. A pillory. Jonson.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 92. BERLY. Barry, an heraldic term. Holme.
(3) A bier. (A.-S.) " Broght on bere," dead. BERME. Yeast. (A.-S.) See Chaucer, Cant.
T. 16281 ; Liber Niger Domus Edw. IV. p. 70.
Minot's Poems, p. 24.
(4) A pillow-case. Chaucer. BERMEN. Bar-men; porters to a kitchen.
(5) To bear ; to carry. (A.-S.) (A.-S.) This term is found in Havelok and
6) A beard. Rob. Glouc.
7) To bear ; to produce. Layamon.
BERMOOTHES. The Bermudas. ShaTc.
8) A bear. (A.-S.) BERMUDAS. A cant term for certain obscure
9) To bear upon ; to allege ; to accuse. Weler. and intricate alleys, in which persons lodged
See Gy of Warwike, p, 354. who had occasion to live cheap or concealed.
BERE. A berry. They are supposed to have been the narrow
Take the jeuse of rewe, vyneacre, and oyle of passages north of the Strand, near Covent
roses, and beres of lorelle, and laye thame to thi Garden. Bermudas also denoted a species of
hevede. It helpes wonderfully.
MS. -Lincoln. Med. f. 280. tobacco. Nares.
BERE-BAG. One who bears a bag; a term of BERN. (1) A man; a knight ; a noble. Cf. Sir
contempt applied by Minot to the Scotch. Degrevant, 500; Ritson's Ancient Songs, p. 44;
Amis and Amiloun, 837 ; Reliq. Antiq. ii. 176.
BEREDE. To advise. Palsgrave. 0 Brut that bern bald of hand,
BERE-FRANKE. A wooden cage to keep a The first conquerour of Ingland.
bear or boar in. See Wright's Monastic Let- MS. Cott. Vespas. A. iii. f. 2.
ters, p.269. (2) A bairn ; a child. (A.-S.) Cf. Kyng Ali-
BEREING. Birth. saunder, 7556.
BEREN. To bear. (A.-S.) Tho Havelok micte sei, Weilawei !
BERENGER. The name of a bear. That evere was I kinges bern/ HaveloTe, 571.
BERENT. To rent ; to tare. (3) A barn. (A.-S.)
What wonder is it then if I berent ray haires ? BERNACLE. A gag for the mouth of a horse.
England's Helicon, p. 52. In bernacle and brydell thou constreyne
BERETTA. A kind of hood worn by priests. The chekys of them that ne3eh the nqujht.
MS. 4shmole 61, f. 110.
See Hall's Satires, iv. 7.
BERFREY. A moveable tower employed in BERNAK.And (1) The barnacle goose.
as the bernak in the harde tree.
sieges, generally made of wood. See Belfry. MS. Ashmole 59, f. 158.
Alisaundre, and his folk alle,
Paste asailed heore wallis, (2) A bernacle, q. v. Prompt. Parv.
Myd berfi-eyes, with alle gyn, BERNERS. Men who stood with relays in
hunting. They were properly the men who
Gef they myghte the cite"
JTyr, wynne.
lisaunder, 2777. fed the hounds.
 167
BER BES
And thenne every man that is theire, saf the BERYEN. To defend ; to protect.
Icrners on foote and the chacechyens, and the BERYLL. Apparently some rope belonging to
iymueres, the whiche shulde be with hure houndes, a ship. See Cocke Lorelles Bote, p 12
and awayte upon hem yn a feyr grene there as is a BERYNE. A child; a bairn.
cold shade we, sholde stonden afront yn aither syde Alles a wafulle wedowe that wanttes hir leryne,
the heed with roddes, that no hound come aboute
I may werye and wepe, and wrynge myne handys.
nor on the sydes. MS. Bodl. 546, Morte Arthwe, Lincoln MS f. 98.
BERNYNDE. Burning. BERYNG. The lap. Weber.
Manne that seth his hows bernynde,
Hath grete peryll to hym commynde. BERYNG-CASE. A portable casket.
MS. Rawlinson 92, f. 3. There come foure clerkes to Wyltone from feme lond,
With a litull beryng-cate full of relekes gode.
BEROWE. A shadow. Prompt. Paro. Chron. Vilodun. p. 84.
BEROWNE. Around ; round about. BERYNT. To bear. Cov. Myst.
His burliche berde was blody berotvne.
Morte Arthure> MS. Lincoln, f. 94. BERYS. Approaches.
BERRIER. A thrasher. North. Tryamowre to hym berys,
And they alle to-braste ther sperys.
BERRIN. A burial ; a funeral. Var. dial A JUS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 81.
person attending a funeral is called a derriner, BERYSE. Berries. Weber.
and a grave a berrinhole. BERY3T. Beareth.
BERRITHATCH. According to Kennett, MS.
Lansd. 1033, in the court rolls of the manor BER3E. A mount ; a hill. Gaw.
of Cheriton, co. Somerset, this word is used BES. Be. (4.-S.J
for litter for horses. BE SAGE. A portable bed carried by horses,
BERRY. (1) A gooseberry. North. called besage horses. (A.-N.) The term
(2) To thrash com. North. Kennett, MS. occurs in Arch. iii. 157 ; Ordinances and Re-
Lansd. 1033, gives an Islandic derivation. gulations, pp.200, 204.
Berrying-stede, the thrashing floor. BESAGUY. A two-edged axe. (A.-N.)
(3) A herd of conies. A herd of roes in the Wambras with wings and rere-bras therto,
And thereon sette were bexaguyn also.
the Two Angrie "Women of Abington, p. 65, Clariodes, ap. Tristrem, p. 375.
unless we suppose a misreading for bevy. We
have, however, berry in the Booke of Hunting, BES ANT. A golden coin, so called because
Lond. 1586. first coined at Byzantium or Constantinople.
Its value is differently estimated, and seems
(4) Florio has, " Croscia d'dcque, a suddaine have varied from ten to twenty sols.
showre, a storme, a tempest, a blustring, a BESCHADE. To shadow.
berry or flaw of many windes or stonnes to- The hyje tre the grouude beschadeth,
gether, bringing violent showres of water," And every mannis herte gladeth.
(5) A borough. Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. Ifl/.
BERSELET. A kind of bow? But in silence and in covert
BERST. (1) Bearest. Desireth for to be beschadid. Ibid. f« 124.
(2) Broke. Rob. Glouc. BESCILDIGEB. Accused of a crime. Ver-
(3 Defect. (A.-S.) stegan.
The levedi, sore adrad withalle,
Ladde Beves into the halle,
BESCORNED. Despised. Chaucer.
And of everiche sonde,
BESCRATCHIN. To scratch. Chaucer.
That him com to honde,
BESCRO. To beshrew.
A dide hire ete altherferst, BESCUMMER. To scatter ordure. BenJonson
That she ne dede him no berst ; spells it bescumber.
And drinke ferst of the win, BE-SE. To see; to behold. (^.-£) Hence
That no poisoun was therin. to see to, to take care, as in Const, of Ma-
Beves of Hamtovn, p. 75* sonry, p.16.
BERT. (1) To perspire. North. BE SEEK. To beseech. (A.-S.) A common
(2) A beard. form in early English. North.
He smat aynother al to wounder, BESEEME. To seem ; to appear. See Morte
That hys bert cleve ysouder.
Gy of WarwiKe, Middlehill MS. d' Arthur, ii. 235 ; Ipomydon, 354.
BESEGIT. Besieged. Chaucer.
(3) Bright. BESENE. Clad; clothed; adorned. See Hall,
BERTHE. Beareth. Lydgate.
BERTHHINGES. Salvation. Ps. Cott. Henry VIII. f. 3 ; Thynne's Debate, p. 50.
Most dowtyd man, I am lyvyng upon the ground,
BERUFFIANISED. Abused like a ruffian. A Goodly besem with many a ryche garlement.
term used by Nash, in Have With You to Digby Mysteries t p. 32.
Saffron Walden, 1596. He cam into a litille playne,
BERUNGE. A burial Robson. Alle rounde aboute wel beseyne
BERWJE. (1) A shadow. Prompt. Parv. VP ith buschis grene and cedres hyje.
Gower, MS. Soc. Avtiq, 134, f. 40.
(2) To defend. (A.-S.) And was with golde and riche stonis
BERWHAM. A horse-collar. Prompt. Parv. Serene and bounde for the nonis. Ibid, f. 55
BERYD. Buried.
Therfor I will that tner it beryd be. BESENYS., Business. Arch. xxix. 133.
Kuga Poetica?* p. 5. BESET. Placed; employed ; bestowed, (4.-$+
 BES 168
BES
Now me thyukyth yn my mode, BESPET. Spit upon. (A.-S.)
Thou haste welle be-aett my gode. BE-SPREDD. Overspread.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. The emperour went to hys bsdd,
I holde my kyngdome welle besett, In clothys fuHe ryche he was be-spredd.
Be thou worse or be thou bett. Ibid, f. 247- MS, Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 130.
BESETE. See Beyete. BESPRENGYD. Besprinkled. SMnner.
His worldis joye ben so grete,
Him thenketh of hevenno lesete. BESPRENT. Besprinkled. See Lydgate's Minor
Ginver, MS. Soc. Antiq. 34, f. 56, Poems, p. 91; Brit. Bibl. i. 25; Percy's
BESEY. Beseen. (A.-S.) Reliques, p. 100 ; Collier's Old Ballads, p. 30.
BE SHARP. To make haste. Var. dial BESPURT. To sprout ; to cast forth.
BESHET. Shut up. (A.-S.) BESQUITE. Biscuit.
Armour thei had plente, and god besquite to mete.
BESHINE. To give light to. This is found Langtoft's Chron. p. 171.
among the obsolete words given at the com- BESSELYCHE. Busily. This form occurs in
mencement of Batman uppon Bartholome, the Chron. Vilodun. p. 137.
fol, Lond. 1582.
BESHOTE. Dirtied. Lane. BESSOME. To swim ; to sail. (A.-S.)
Brethly bessomes with byrre in berynes sailles.
BESHRADDE. Cut into shreds. See Percy's Morte Arthuret Lincoln MS. f. 91.
Reliques, p. 279. BESSY. Female bedlamites were called Bess
BESHREWE. To curse. (A.-S.) Generally
a milder form of imprecation. Florio derives o' Bedlams, and the term is not quite obso-
the term from the shrew mouse, to which lete, being still applied in some parts of the
provinces to vagrants of that sex. The name
deadly qualities were once ascribed. Cf. is also given to one of the characters in the
Chaucer, Cant. T. 6426 ; Audeley's Poems, sword and plough dances. "Don't be a
p. 32 ; Play of Sir Thomas More, p. 17.
BESIDE. By the side of. (A.-S.) Later Bessy," said^ to a man who interferes with
women's business. Bessy-bad,
writers betides, as in Middleton, i. 235. is fond of childish amusements. a person who
BESIDERY. A kind of baking-pear. Kersey.
BEST. A beast ; an animal. (A.-N.) An insect
BESIEGED, A planet is besieged when be-
tween the bodies of two malevolents. An would be termed a beast, as, " bee, a beste,"
Prompt. Parv. p. 27.
astrological term, so explained in the Gent.
Rec. i. 101. BESTAD. Circumstanced; situated.
BESIEN. To trouble; to disturb. Sometimes in an ill sense, distressed ; (A.-S.) and in
later writers, provided. Cf. Prompt. Parv.
BESIGHT. Scandal; offence. (A.-S.}
SESISCHIPE. Activity.
What hast thou done of besiscJiipe ? p. 2633 ;; Cov.
i. Chaucer, Myst.Cant.
pp. 77, 329 ;; Robin
T. 5069 Rom. of Hood,'
the
Gower, MS. Soc.Antiq. 134, f. 110. Rose, 1227, 5796; Hoccleve's Poems, p. 36.
BESKUMMER. To daub ; to besmear. Somerset. BESTARRED. Covered with stars.
Bestarred over with a few
BESKYFTE, Thrust off. (A.-S.)
And she was ever passynge wery of hym, and Dyamond drops of morning clew.
fayne wold have ben delyverd of hym, for she was
Musaritm DeUcies, Io56.
aferd of hym bycause he was a devyls sone, and she BESTE. Deer. Ritson.
coude not beskyfte hym by no meane. BESTEZ. Beasts. See Sir Perceval, 176. Now
Morte d*Arthur, i.91. a common vulgarism.
BESLOBBER. To slobber; to reader wet or BESTIALL. Cattle. Sometimes a beast,
and
dirty by spilling over the breast. Beslaver, occasionally used as an adjective. The word
Brit. Bibl. i. 498. Beskmered, dirtied, Piers is variously spelt. Cf. Maundevile's Travels,
Ploughman, p. 476.
BESLURRY. To smear ; to defile. Drayton. pp. 224, ,284Desc.
Holinshed ; Morte
Scot. d'Arthur,
pp. 11, 14i.; Anc.
147, 152 •
Code
BE SMB. A besom. Pompt. Parv. of Mil. Laws, p. 15.
BESMIRCH. To soil; to daub; to smear. Shaft. And eek of that thou herdest say,
Verstegan has besmit, besmutted, made foul ; To take a mannis herte awey,
and Chaucer, besmotred, smutted. (A.-S.) And sette ther a bestialle.
Mono, in v. Caligdre, gives the verbs, to besut, Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 57.
BESTIALLICKE. Beastly. Chaucer.
"to besnaoulder.
besmudffe, to dirty. The Salopian dialect has
BE SO. So be it. Maundevile. BESTOIKE.
SSfmJiT' Belon£inS
To betray. to a beast. Chaucer.
This is given in the
BESOFTE. Besought. Launfal, 766. old dictionaries, but is perhaps an error for
BESOGNIO. A beggar. (ltd.) beswi&e, q. v.
BE SORE. To vex ; to annoy. Fletcher. BESTOW. To lay up ; to put out of the way ;
BESORT. (1) To suit; to fit. Shaft. See Lear, to stow away. East. Hence, to commit sui-
i, 4, one of the quartos reading before. cide, line. Forby gives it the meaning, « to
(2) Attendance ; society. Shaft. deliver woman," the sense it bears in the
J3ESPEAKEN. To speak to. followinga passage.
And Josiane, Crist here bemilde !
When folks, the bespeaJten, curtesly hem grete.
Table Boole, p. 227, In a wode was bestoude of chjlde.
pESPERPLED. Sprinkled. "All besperpled BESTRACT. Mad.
wity blood/' Morte d' Arthur, i. 167.
 BET 169 BET
BESTRAUGHT. Mad ; distracted. See Percy's BETE. (1) To amend; to heal; to abate. (A.-S.)
Relicmes, p. 49 ; Nomenclator, pp. 423, 424. "Bete my bale," amend my misfortune.
BE STUD. To ornament with studs. " Bete Ms need," satisfy his need. Very fre-
BESTYLYNESSE. Bestiality. Prompt. Pan*. quently applied to firej to mend it; in the
BESWIKE. To betray; to cheat; to deceive. provincial dialects, to light, to make a fire.
(A.-S.) Cf. Kyng Horn, 296 ; Reliq. Antiq. Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033, has, " to beet the
i. 114, 241; Cower, ed. 1532, f. 10; Kyng fire, i. e. in Kent, to mend the fire, or supply
Alisaunder, 4699, 4727; Richard Coer de it with fuel ; it is particularly applied to the
Lion, 5918 ; Wright's Political Songs, p. 158 ; supplying of a kill with straw for the drying
Leg. Cathol. p. 79 ; Arthour and Merlin, p. 60 ; of malt, where some leater must constantly
Sevyn Sages, 2500 ; Langioft, p. 273. attend to leet, i. e. to put fresh straw into
\V hereof the shippis they biswike, the mouth of the kill." Cf. Richard Coer de
That passen by the costis there. Lion, 657; Sevyn Sages, 2123 ; Piers Plough-
Gmver, MS. Soe. dntiq. 134, f. 41. man, p.131; Reliq. Antiq. ii. 278; Towneley
I fynde ensample in a cronicle
Of hem that love *o bcswUce. Ibid* f. 43. Myst. p. 49 ; Minot's Poems, p. 7 ; Sir Per-
ceval, 439 ; Isumbras, 764.
Of a pojsone whiche they dronke,
They haddeii that they han beswonke. Ibid. f. 55. (2 To prepare ; to make ready. (A.-S.)
In woramannysche \ois thay synge (3 To heal. (A.N.)
With nootes of so giet likynge, (4 Beaten. Hoccleve. Often, worked, em-
Of such mesure, of such musike, broidered, asin Le Bone Florence of Rome,
Wherof the schippes thay byswilse. 182; Skelton, ii. 302.
Go war, MS.Bodl. 294, f. 11.
What have I done ajeyn thi like, (5) Help; assistance. Skinner.
That thus woldes me bitnvike. (6) To beat. (A.-S.)
Cursor Mundi, MS. Cull Tnn. Cantab, f, ID. (7) To walk up and down. See Minot's Poems,
BEST. Busy. (A.-S.} p. 7. It is used in a similar sense by sports-
men. See Gent. Rec.
BESYTTYN. To set in order. Prompt. Parv.
BET. (1) Better. (A.-S.) See Chaucer, Cant. T. (8) Bit. Cov. Myst.
(9) A proper name. Prompt. Parv. The Latin
7533 ; Wright's Seven Sages, p. 110; Ellis's corresponding to it is Beatrice.
Met. Rom. iii. 233 ; Songs and Carols, XT. ;
BETECIIE. To deliver up; to give up. (A.-S.)
Piers Ploughman, p. 389 ; Thynne's Debate,
p. 20 ; Rob. Glouc. p. 107 ; Assemble of Foules, See Tyrwhitt's notes to Chaucer, iv. 292;
Cov. Myst. p. 70 ; Langtoft, p. 299.
451 Upon
; Cart the
Wright's Ordinary, 1651.
morowe the day was set, F,.:rewelle, he seydc, my dere sone,
The kyng hym purveyde welle the bet. The Fadur of hevyn beteche y the.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 247- MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 49
That yche shepard jyveth no gode kepe
(2) To abate. Scott. That betecheth the wulfe hys shepe.
(3) Kindled. Weber. MS. Hart. 1701, f. 72.
(4) Beaten. Towneley Myst. It occurs also in
BETEEM. To bestow, give, afford, or allow ;
this sense in Palsgrave's Acolastus, 1540. probably from teem, to pour forth. Also, to
(5) Bettered; improved. Weber.
(0) Promised. (A.-S.) deign, to endure. Nares.
Gif thou wilt holden that thou me bet, BETEL. A hammer.
That ich shall wed that maiden sweet. Wyht suylc a betel be he smyten.
Ellis's Met. Rom. ii. 327. Wright' 3 Latin Stories, p. 29.
(7) To pray. SJdnner. BETELLE. To deceive; to mislead. (A.-S.)
(8) ** Go bet," an old hunting cry, often intro- BETEN. Worked; embroidered. (A.-N.) See
duced ina more general sense. See Songs and Hall, Henry VI. f. 7; Syr Gaw.
Carols, xv. ; Shak. Soc. Pap. i. 58 ; Chaucer, BETENDING. Concerning; relating to. Yarksh.
Cant. T. 12601 ; Leg. of Dido, 288 ; Tyrwhitt's BETH. Be; are; be ye, (A.-S.)
BETHE. Both. Weber.
Notes, p. 278 ; Ritson's Anc. Pop. Poet. p. 46.
The phrase is mentioned by Berners in the BETHEED. Prospered. Verstegan.
Boke of St. Albans, and seems nearly equiva- BETHEKYS. Betwixt.
lent to go along. BETHEN. Both.
And In his londe bishoppis tweine,
BETAKE. To give ; to recommend to. (.</.-£)
See Cov. Myst. p. 72 ; Chester Plays, i. 144 ; Swithe nobulle men thei weren bethcn.
MS. Cantab. Ff. v.48, f.98.
Chaucer, Cant. T. 3748, 8037.
BETALK. To tell; to count; to give an ac- BETHINK. (1) To grudge. Somerset.
count. Drayton. (2) To recollect. North. We have bithenche in
BETATTERED. Dressed in ragged clothes. Weber, and bitJdnke in Wright's Purgatory,
BETAUGHTE. Gave up; recommended to. p. 149. Palsgrave has bethynkyng in the
sense of consideration.
See Maundevile's Travels, p. 63 ; Rom. of the
Rose, 4438; Langtoffc, p. 126. It is appa- BETHRAL. To enthral. Spenser.
rently used in the sense of taught in Torrent BETHWINE. The wild clematis, I. Wight,
of Portugal, p. 70. BETID. Happened. (A.-S.)
BETAYNE. The herb betony. See a receipt BETINED. Hedged about. Vers&gan.
quoted in Prompt. Parv. p. 232, and p. 34. BETIT. Hath happened. Ellis.
 BET 1/0 BEV
BETLE. Soft; fitted for cultivation, a term and pitch. See old accounts quoted in Sharp's
applied to land. North. Cov. Myst. p. 187.
BETOATLED. Imbecile; stupid. Devon. BETYNGE, A rod, any instrument of punish-
BETOKE. Gave; recommended. (A-S.) ment. Prompt. Parv.
BETOSSED. Troubled. Shot. BEUFE. Buff.
BETOUSE. To drag about. Nash. BEUK. A book. North.
BETRAITOR. To call one traitor. See the BEVEL. (1) A sloped surface in masonry.
State Papers, iii. 262. Also a verb, to cut an angle. Any slope is
BETRAPPE. To entrap; to ensnare. See called a bevel in some dialects. "Though
Morte d' Arthur, ii. 396 ; Utrappe, Lydgate, they themselves be bevel" bent in an angle,
MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 27. Shak. Sonn. 121, or rather perhaps as Kennett
BETRASH. To betray; (A.-N.) Spelt also explains the word in MS. Lansd. 1033, "to
betraise. See Tundale, p. 136 ; Rom. of the run askew in length, or depart from a true
Rose, 1520 ; Langtoft, pp. 156, 255. level." Beveling, the sloping part of a wall,
By grace only yf he may ascape,
Arch. 3d. 233.
Or deth bUraisthe him with his sodeyne rape. (2) A violent push or stroke. North.
Lydgate, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 29. (3) A kind of square used by masons and car-
BETRAST. Trust. Weber. penters, moveable on a centre, that can be
BETRAX. A battlement. Prompt. Parv. set to any angle. See Cotgrave, in v. Buveau.
BETRAYNE. Betrayed; played false. BEVER. (1) An intermediate refreshment be-
But, syr, he sayde, for certente, tween breakfast and dinner. The term is
Your quene hath you betrayne. now applied to the afternoon snack of harvest-
Sir Ti-yamowe, 165. men and other labourers, and perhaps may be
BETRAYSSHE. Palsgrave has, "loetraysshe explained more correctly as any refreshment
(Lydgate) I go aboute the stretes of a towne taken between the regular meals. See Beau-
or cytie, je tracasse;" and he adds, "this mont and Fletcher, i. 20 ; Ford, i. 392; Florio,
verbe is nat yet taken in comen use." in v. Merenda / Cooper, in v. Anteccenium ;
BETRED. Prevailed; conquered. Stanihurst's Descr. of Ireland, p. 18 ; Nomen-
BETREINT. Sprinkled. Skinner. clator, p. 79; Sir John Oldcastle, p. 42;
BETRIM. To adorn; to deck. Shak.
BETSO. The smallest coin current in Venice, Howell,
v. 141. sect, 43 ; Middleton's
Sometimes "Works,
refreshments iv. 427,
of drink, or
worth about a farthing. It is alluded to in drinkings, were called Severs ; but potations
Dodsley's Old Plays, x. 42. were not Severs, as Mr. Dyce asserts.
BETT. To pare the turf with a breast-plough. (2) To tremble ; to quiver. North. See Brockett
Herefordsh. and Palmer. Beveren is wrongly explained
BETTAXE. A pickaxe. Devon. "flowing" in Syr Gawayne, as will appear
BETTE. (1) Good. Herefordsh. from Morte d' Arthur, i. 22. It is possibly
(2) Better. (A.-S.) See Octovian, 1073 ; Rom. from A.-S. Ufian.
of the Rose, 7008. BEVERACHE. Drink; liquor. It was for-
BETTEE. An engine used by thieves in wrench- merly the custom to drink, says one editor,
ing open doors. Blount. when making a bargain. Is this fashion
BETTELYNGES. Battles. Latimer. obsolete ?
BETTER. More. Var. dial The glossaries Athorst I was ful sore y-swonke,
give lettermer, better; and oettemiost, the The beverache moste nethes ben thronke.
MS. Addit. 11307, f. 95.
best, or very nearly the best.
BEVERAGE. Hearne, gloss. Rob. Glouc. p. 623,
BETTER-CHEAP. Cheaper. " I cannot afford
it better cheap, or for a lesser price." ffbwell. explains beverage, "beveridge, reward, con-
BETTERNESS. Superior. North. sequence," anda he
now ha use for adds that between
refreshment it is " adinner
word
BETTRE. Better. (^.-£)
BETTY-TIT. The titmouse. Suffolk. and supper, and we use the word when any
BETWAN. An open wicker bottle or strainer, one pays for wearing new cloaths." That it
put over the vent-hole in brewing to prevent is synonymous with bever appears clearly from
the grains of malt passing through. North. Holinshed, Descr. Scot. p. 22. As to the
BETWATTLED. Confounded; stupified; in- other meaning, " beveridge money " is still de- ,
fatuatedin; a distressed and confused state manded on the first appearance of a new suit
of mind. Var. dial. of clothes, and a forfeit is a button cut off from
BETWEEN. Sometimes used elliptically, this them if the wearer is so injudicious as to refuse.
time being understood. Between whiles, in In Devon, a composition of cider, water, and
the interval. Betwi&t and between, some- spice, is called beverage*
where between the two extremities ; in some BEVETENE. Beaver?
He toe hi? bevetene hat,
places used for exactly the middle point. With pal that was biweved.
BETWIT. To taunt ; to upbraid. Var. dial. MS. Bodl. 659, f. 10.
BETWIXEN. Between. (A.-S.) BEVISE. To c6nsio!er.
BETYD. To betide ; to happen. But for all that, jit cguthe he not
BETYN. Bitten. Bevlse himseffe whiche was the beste.
BETYNG-CANDLK A candle made of resin Gower, MS. Soc. Jntiq. 134, f. 30.
 BEW 171 BEY
BEVISH. To fall headlong. North. necessarily for bad or treacherous purposes ;
BEVY. Properly, a company of roebucks. A to accuse. (A.-S.) In very old works it oc-
flock of quails was also called a bevy, as ap- curs under the forms lewrey, bewrie, lewrighe,
pears from MS. Porkington 10; and Florio, lewrye, &c. See Chaucer, Cant. T. 5193,
in v. Covdta, applies the term to pheasants. 9747 ; Troilus and Creseide, ii. 537 ; Wright's
In an old list of companies of animals in Pol. Songs, p. 325; Douce's Illustrations,
Junii Etym. in v. CMrre, " a bevey of ladies " ii. 26 ; First Sketches of Henry VI. p. 160 ;
is inserted ; and Grey has fully illustrated the Gy of Warwike, p. 476 ; Anc. Poet. Tr. p. 10.
phrase, Notes on Shakespeare, ii. 74. The Hardely, syr, thou mayste safely to me say,
fat of the roebuck and roe was called bevy- For certys y wylle the not bewrye.
MS. Ca«ta6.Ff.ii.38, f. 143.
grease.
Rec. ii. 77.See Dryden's Twici, p. 21 ; Gent. Here ys no dwellyng for us to wonne,
We hen betwyed to the emperowre. fbid. f. 167.
BEWAILE. To cause ; to compass. Spenser. Tyll at the last she was aspled,
BEWAND. "Wrapped And unto the busshop she was bewried.
BEWANNE. Collected?up. (A.-S.)
Verstegan* (A.-S.} MS. Laud. 416, f. 1.
Thay had welthe more wane thane thay ever beioanne,
MS. Lincoln A.i. 17, f. 232. (2) To defile with ordure.
BEWAPED. Astonished. BEWRECKE. Revenged. SMnner.
The porter was al bewaped: BEWTEE. Beauty. Maundevile.
Alas ! queth he, Is Beves ascaped ? BEWTESE. Civilities; ceremonies. Ritson.
Beves of Hamtoun, p. 66. BEWUNUS. Enfolded; entwined. (A.-S.)
BEWARED. Spent; expended. Skinner. Si then on that ilke place,
To heng Jewes thei made solace ;
BEWE. (1) Drink; liquor. That catelle was wo begon,
(2) To bow ; to obey. See the Thornton Ro- So betowivs was never non.
mances, p.68. MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 2&
BEWED. To wed; to unite. Fairfax. BEY. (1) An ornament for the neck ; any orna-
BEWELD. To wield. Also, to govern, to ment. (A.-S.)
possess. That maydene, brighteals goldene bey,
All which doo import that he was a notable giant, Whennescho the geaunt heved sey,
and a man of great stature and strength, to weare Fulle wele scho it kende.
such an armour, and betveld so heavie a lance. MS. Lincoln A. 1. 17, f. 104.
— Ranison's Description ofBritaine, p. 9.
BEWENDED. Turned about. Verstegan. The wolf bey a-doun his brest,
BEWEPE. To weep ; to lament. See Rom. of (2) Bowed?And gon to siken harde and stronge.
the Rose, 5121 ; Troilus and Creseide, i. 763 ; Reliq.Antiq.ii.2JG.
Hall, Henry IV. f. 13. Shakespeare also has
the word. And as concernyng 6«y», all fikte beys, excepte a
(3)very
An ffewe
OX? for the howse, be sold, and mych of
BE WES. Boughs.
the stuf of howshold is conveyd awey. Wrighfs
BEWET. Wet; moist. Monastic Letters, p. 151.
And sadly gan biholde upon my chere,
That so was with teres alle bewet. (4) A boy. Prompt. Parv.
Occleve, MS. Soc.Antiq. 134, f. 285. BEYAPED. Cheated, Skinner.
BEWETE. Beauty. BEYATE. To beget. (A.-S.)
BEWFRAY. See Berfrey. BE Ritson.
YE. (1) To aby; to revenge; to atone for.
BEWGLE. A bull. Hants. Also an archaism,
under the form Ingle. (2) To buy. (A-S.) See Octovian, 388, 805 ;
BEWHISPER. To whisper. Fairfax. Gesta Rom. p. 246.
So many schulden beye and selle.
BBWHIVERED. Bewildered; frightened. Devon. Gotoer, MS. Soc. 4ntiq. \U, f. 81
BE WIELD. To manage ; to sway.
BEWITS. The leathers with which the bells (3) Both. Rob. Glouc. p. 47.
are fastened to the legs of a hawk. Accord- (4) A bee. Coverdale.
BEYETE. (1) Obtaining; gaining; accomplish-
ing to Blome, Gent. Rec. ii. 61, the term in- ment. In the following passage, MS. Bodl.
cludes the bells and leathers.
294 has li^ete. See Besete and Be$ete.
BEWLY. Shining ; having a lustre. Warw. His worldes joyes ben so great,
BEWME. Bohemia. Hym thynketh of heven no beyete.
And some of gret perils were, Cower, ed. 1532, f. 23.
The newe gise of Bewme there.
Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 245. (2) Begotten. Bowed;
BEYGHED. (A.-S.) bent. Weber.
BEWOND. Imposed upon; puzzled; embar- BEYKE. To beek ; to warm. Ritson.
rassed. (A.-S.) BEYKYNGE. Stretching. Prompt. Parv.
BEWORD. To report. BE YLD. To protect ; to shelter;
Wee mused all what would hereof leword. Jhe&u thates hevens kyng,
Tftynnets Debate, p. 61. Gyff us. ale his blyssyng,
BEWPERE. A companion. And beyldi& in his boure,
BEWRAP. To wrap up ; to enfold. See Hall, MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 138.
Richard III. f. 3. BEYNE. Quickly. See Kyng Horn, 892.
BEWRAY. (I) To discover ; to betray, but not Beynesse occurs in tie Prompt. Parr, p, ll^r >
 BIG
BIB 172
translated "by Vivax ; and beyn, p. 29, pliant, Cf. Thynne's Debate, p. 58 ; Chester Plays,
flexible. i. 124. Bibacitie, drunkenness, occurs in the
BEYNSTEYLLYS. See a curious burlesque Brit. Bibl. ii. 418 ; and Florio says, bibbe is a
printed in the Reliq. Antiq. i. 86. child's term for drink, in v. Bombo
BEYRE. Bare. So explained by Hearne, but (2) A fish, ffadus barbatus.
it seems to be a misreading in Rob. Glouc. BIBBED. Drunk. Chaucer.
p. 197. BIBBER. (1) A drinker. Nare*.
BEYS. Art. (4.-S.) (2) To tremble. Kent. This seems to be merely
Thou beys never trayed for me, another form of lever, q. v.
For with me I rede the wende.
BIBBLE. To drink; to tipple. JJrest. Skelton
MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48. uses the term, i. 112, spelt bybyll Hence
BEYSCHATT. A bishop. This unusual form bibbler, a tippler. Forby explains liblle, " to
occurs in Wright's Monastic Letters, p. 133. eat hke a duck, gathering its food from water,
BEYTE. (1) A sharper. North. and taking up both together." Hence liblte-
(2) A bait ; a snare. babUe, inconsistent chatter or nonsense, a
Thys worlde ys but the fendys be,vte. term which occurs in Shakespeare, and seve-
MS. Cantab. Ff. n. 38, f. 46.
BEYTH, Were. (AS.) ral other wTiters. See Billingsly's Brachy-
Alle that in the felde Iteyth Martyrologia, 1657, p. 203 ; Brit. Bibl. iv. 272.
That thys grete mervelle seythe. BIBLE. A great book. (A.-N.) The term was
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 247. constantly used without any reference to the
BEYTON. (1) Beat. Tundale, p. 1 7. Scriptures. There are several superstitions
that have reference to the Bible ; perhaps the
(2) To bait. Prompt. Paro. most remarkable is the method of divination
BEZ. Be; is. (A.-S.)
The quarters wer sent to henge at four citcz, by Bible and key, a curious instance of which
So is he worth be schent, who so traytour bez. has occurred very recently, and is described
Langtoffs Chron. p. 244. in the Times, March 2d, 1844. An account of
BEZONIAN. A beggar ; a scoundrel, a term of the ceremony is given by Forby, ii, 398.
reproach frequently used by the old drama- BIBLE-CLERKSHIP. A very ancient scholar-
tists. (ItaL] See Cotgrave, in v. Bisongne ; ship in the Universities, so called because the
Middleton's Works, i. 240 ; Malone's Shake- student who was promoted to that oiKce was
speare, xvii. 224. enjoined to read the Bible at meal-times.
BEZZLE. (1) To drink hard ; to tipple. Bezzled, BIG ACHE. To deceive. Bicaught, deceived.
besotted. Hence, to squander riotously, pro- See Kyng Alisaunder, 258, 4815; Sevyn
perly in drinking ; to waste ; to embezzle. Sages, 266, 2188 ; Kyng of Tars, 4»9 ;
See Webster's Works, iv. 55 ; Middleton, iii. Wright's Anecd. Lit. p. 90; Arthour and
152 ; Beaumont and Fletcher, ii. 149. Merlin, p. 12, bicought.
What man that the wedde schalle,
(2) A drunkard.
Oh me ! what odds there seemeth 'twixt their cheer Than is he nought byeaught.
The Gnnde Wif> p. 13.
And the swoln bezzle at an alehouse fire.
Hall's Satires, v. 2. BICANE. A kind of grape. SMnner*
BEZZLED. Turned, blunted, applied to the BI-CAS. By chance.
edge of a tool. Suffolk. BICCHE. A bitch. (A.-N.}
BE3ETE. Obtaining; accomplishment. BICH, Pitch.
So that they loste the bejete Ase-tit he let felle a led
Of worshipe and of worldis pees. Ful of bich and of bremston,
Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 36. And hot led let falle theron.
BL Bi- or be- is a very common prefix to verbs Beves of Hamtoun, p. 126.
derived from the Anglo-Saxon, and has chiefly BI-CHAKRID. Overturned; deceived. (4.-S.)
an intensative power, although it modifies the See the example under Amarrid, and Reliq.
meaning in various degrees. Many verbs are Antiq. ii. 278.
no longer known except in this compound BICHAUNTE. To enchant?
form. Wrighfs gloss, to Piers Ploughman. And the heldest to bitfiaunte
BL Town ; village. (Dan.) Yong mannes love for to haunte.
Balder bern was non in bi, Arthow and Merlin, p. 28.
His name was hoten sir Gil.
BICHE. A kind of fur, the skin of the female
Gy of Warwike, p. 267- deer.
BIACON-WEED. The plant goosefoot. Dorset. BICHED-BONES. Dice. The term occurs in
BIALACOIL. Courteous reception. (A.-N.) Chaucer, Cant. T. 12590, the MSS. reading
BIAT. A leather strap worn over the shoulders,
a sort of drag-harness used by miners to draw differently. See Tyrwhitt's notes, p. 277 ;
Towneley Myst. p. 241.
the produce of the mine to the shaft. Cotgrave BICHE-SONE. A term of reproach, still used
describes it " a kind of British course garment in the transposed form. See some curious
or jacket worne loose over other apparreil." Latin lines, in which bycheson occurs, in
BIAZ. In a sloping manner. JBiace, a slope, a Lelandi Itin. vi. 130.
bias. Holly band. Palsgrave has, " by as of an Biche-sone / thou drawest amis,
hose, bias." • \ Thou sehalt ablgge it y-wis !
BJB. (1) To drink. North, A common term, i 4rthQiir and Jtferfin, p. 313
 BID 1 '3 BIB
BICIS. Vices. /,>/. L^ (2) A chirks. Vrr. MaL
BICK. A wooden bottle or cask in which beer BIDDY-BASE. Prisoner's haw. Z/«e. Rennet,
is carried into the harvest fields. Norf. MS. Lansd. 1033, gives the term litty-base
BICKER. (1) To fight ; to quarrel ; to act with for this game ; and billy -base is sometimes
hostility. See Bitere. heard.
(2) To clatter ; to hasten. North. BIDDY'S-EYES. The pansy. Sowerscf
(3) A short race. North. BIDE. (1) To dv,-ell; to remain; to cJJ(b.
(4) A small wooden dish, made of staves and Var. dial. " lu the fyld lyddy&c he," Torrent
hoops like a tub. North. Also a tumbler of Portugal, p. 22.
glass, in which sense It is merely another forn: (2) To wait; to bear; to endure. Var. dial.
of beaker, q. v. "Bydene," borne, obeyed, Plumpton Cor-
BICKEI1MENT. CoiiiTct. respondence, p108.
.
BICKORN. An anvil with a bickern, or beak- (3) To require. KortJi.
iron. See Arch. xvii. 292 ; Howcll, sect. 51. BIDELVE. To bury. (A.-S.) See the Sevyn
BI-CLEPT. Embraced. (A.~S.) Sages, 1374 ; lleliq. Antiq. i. 116.
Evevich other uith schelcl lidept, No schal thcr never no jusiise
And fro oth^r dentes kept. The bidalve on ony wise.
Althing and Mu-Itn, p. 202. Artln.ur find Merlin, p. 30.
And sodeynely, cr sche it wiste, BIDEXE. See Bedene. Cf. Langtoft, p. 45 ;
Eidipte in ar;oais he hire klste. Minot's Poems, p. 15.
Gower, MS. Sac. Antiq. 134, f. 44.
BICLOSED. Enclosed. BIDE-OWE. Explained by Kennett, MS. Lansd.
The knyght in the mede hadde o rnaner, 1033, " to be punished, or suffer punishment."
Al biclosed with o river. Sevyn Sages, 722. Ray says, pcenas dare, and it is given by
Browne as current in his time in Norfolk.
BICLUPPES. Translated by eolc in the Cam- It may possibly have some connexion with
bridge MS. of Walter de Bibblesworth, Reliq. bidowe, q. v.
Antiq. ii. 83. Embraces ? BIDET. A small horse. (Fr.)
BICOLLEDE. Blackened.
He made foule chere, BID-HOOK. A kind of hook belonging to a
xVnd btcotttde is swere, Kyng Horn, 1072. boat. See Dekker's Knights Conjuring, p. 43.
BIDOWE. A kind of lance. (A.-N.)
BICOMEN. Became. (A.-S.} A bidowe or a baselard
BICORNED. Double-horned. See Richardson, He berith be his side.
and Brome's Songs, ed. 1661, p. 194. Piers Ploughman, p. 540.
BID. (1) To invite. Still used in the North, BI-DRAVELEN. To slobber ; to slaver. (A.-S.)
especially with reference to an invitation to a BID-STAND. A highwayman. Jonson.
funeral, which is termed a bidding. Two or BIE. (1) To suffer ; to abide. (A.-S.)
four people, called bidders, are sent about
to invite the friends, and distribute the (3) (2) AWith.
collar for the neck ; a bracelet.
rnourning. To " bid the base," to challenge Beisauntes, bies of goolde, broches and rynges.
an encounter, originally at the game of pri- MS. Cott. Vespas. E. xvi. f. 82.
BIEL. Shelter. North.
soner's base, but applied in various ways.
(2) To pray. North. To bid the beads, to say BIELDE. To dwell ; to inhabit.
Brynnez In Burgoyne thy burghes so ryche,
prayers. Also, to entreat, as in Ellis's Met.
Rom. iii. 165. And brittenes thi baronage that bieldez tharein.
Morte Arthwe, Lino In MS. f. 60.
(3) Both. Skinner. B1ENDES. Bonds.
BID-ALE. The invitation of friends to drink Thare he was in blendes strongue,
ale at the house of some poor man, who Fram that was Eastur dai.
thereby hopes a charitable distribution for his MS. Laud. 108, f. 157.
relief ; still in use in the west of England. BIENPAIT. A benefit. (A.-N.) Spelt also
Blount,ed. 1691. The custom is still in vogue bienfete, and oyenfaytte. Cf. Piers Ploughman,
in some parts of the country at weddings, pp. 103, 114 ; Brit. Bibl. iv. 352.
when a collection is frequently made for a BIEN-VENU. A welcome. (A.-N.}
portionless bride. With that Constaunce anone prayende,
BJDAWETH. Dawns ; breaks. Spake to her lorde that he abide,
Ther is no day whiche hem bidaweth, So that sche may to fore ride
No more the sunne than the mone. To ben upone hys bten venu.
Gower, MS. Sac. Antiq. 134, f. 139. Gower, Cantao. MS. f.29.
BIER. The Redeemer. Ps. Cott.
BIDCOCK. The water-rail. Dray ton. BIERDEZ. Ladies.
BIDDABLE. Obedient; tractable. Nortft. Thane the balefulle bierdez bnwnez to the erthe,
BIDDE. See Bed*. (A.-S.) Kneland and cryande, and clappide theire handez.
BIDDER. A petitioner. (A.-S.) Morte Arthurs, Lincoln MS. f. 65.
BIDDING-PRAYER. The prayer for the souls BIERNE. A man ; a noble.
of benefactors in Popish times, said before the Than the Eroperour Irus was angetde at his herte
sermon. The form may be seen in Rob. Glouc. For oure valyant 6i«rw«s siche prowesche had
Chron. p. 624. wonnene.
BIDDY. (1) A louse. North. Morte A'thure, Lincoln MS. f. 74.
 BIG
174 BIH
BIEST. A small protuberance, more particu- biggin." Cotgrave seems to attach a different
larly applied to that on tlie stem of trees meaning to the word, in v. Agneliere. Cf.
Suffolk. Nash's Pierce Penniless, p. 11 ; Florio, in v.
BI-FALLEN. To befall ; to happen. (A.-SJ Beghino, who spells it Ughin.
And whanne thise tokenis ben Ufalle, BIGGER. A builder. (A.-S.}
Alle sodeyneliche the stone sehalle falle. Stone that biggers forsooke
Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f . 37. JlfS.JBodZ.921, f. 1.
Is made in heved on the nooke.
BIFOLD. Folded. Weber. See byfold in
Ellis's Met. Rom. iii. 289. BIGHES. Jewels; female ornaments. It is
BIFOLE. To make a fool of. sometimes used in a figurative sense ; " she is
That they ne schulde not bifvle all in her UgJies to-day," i. e. best humour,
Here wit upon none erthely werkis, best graces, &c. East. The term is also an
Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 31 archaism. See Be, tie, &c.
BIFOREN. Before. (^.-£) BIGHT. Any -corner; anything folded or
BIFORMED. Double formed. (Lat.) See doubled. Chesh.
TopselFs History of Serpents, p. 25. BIGINE. A nun. Chaucer.
BIG. (1) To build. (A.-S.) The same variation BIGING. A buHding. Minot.
takes place in the meaning of this word as in BI-GINNEN. To begin. (A.-S.)
dietde, which properly signifies the same. To BIGIRDLE. A girdle worn round the loins,
remain, to continue, is the explanation of it sometimes used for carrying money, whence
in Minot's Poems, pp. 29, 33 ; Langtoft, pp. the term is also applied to a purse. (A.-S.)
330, 339. " Edificare, to tyffffen," MS. Bibl.
Reg. 12 B. i. f. 71. BIGIRT. Gii Girded. (A.-S.*)
cam on a day fram hunting,
(2) A particular kind of barley. Kennett, MS. Therl Amis and Tirri the ying,
And mo than an hundred knight,
Lansd. 1033, says "poor lean barley." With swerd bigirt, y you plight.
(3) In Somersetshire obtains the phrase Ug- Gy of Wwwike, p. 240.
and-biff, very large, full big.
BIGATE. Birth. (A.-S.) BIGLY. (1) Loudly; deeply; severely; boldly;
So that on an even late, strongly. Cf. Morte Arthure, MS. Line. f. 68.
The devel sche taught hir Ugate. Mene lepen to anone and lokkeden the 5ates,
Arthour and Merlin, p. 27. Barredde hem bygly with barres of iren.
MS. Cott. Califf. A. ii. f. 115,
And al he held ther the king
Of his bigete, of his bereing. Ibid. p. 55. (2) Pleasant ; delightful. Cf. Le Bone Florence
BIGEGED. Besieged. It occurs in Langtoft, of Rome, 220, 1486, 1681.
p. 119, but may be a misreading. A biglye blesse heare will IChester
builde. Plays, i, 9.
BIG-END. The greater part.
BLGERNYN. To ensnare. (A.-S.) BIGNING. Enlarging. Fairfax.
BI-GETEN. Begot. (A.-S.) BIGOLD. Chrysanthemum. Gerard.
BIG-FRESH. Very tipsy. North. BIGONNE. Went. Hearne.
BIGGAYNE. A nun. Palsgrave. BIGRADDEN. Bewept; lamented. (A.-S.}
BIGGE. (1) A bridge. Havekk. See Kyng Alisaunder, 5175; Sevyn Sages,
(2) To buy. Weber. 1518, bigrad.
(3) A pap ; a teat. Essex. Gifford, a native of BIGRAVE. Engraved.
Essex, introduces the word in his Dialogue on Of werkmanschipe it was bigrave*
Witches, 1603. The ligge is one of the Of suche werke as it schulde have,
names of the hare in a curious poem in Reliq. Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq,. 134> f. 55,
Antiq. i. 133. , BIGRAVEN. Buried.
BIGGED. Built. At Winchester, withouten les,
Whenne erthe appone erthe hase bigged up his bowrris, Ther that king l>igraven wes,
Thane sehalle erthe for erthe suffire ucharpe stowrrys. ArtHow and Merlin* p. 5.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 279. BIGRYPETH. Seizes ; includes.
BIGGEK. (1) To enlarge, Fairfax. The whiche undir the heven cope,
f 2) To begin. Hearne. As fer as streccheth any grounde,
(3) To recover and get up after an accouchement. Bigrypeth alle this erthe rounde.
North. Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 196.
(4) A kind of close cap, which bound the fore- BIHALVE. To divide into two parts or com-
head strongly, used for young, children to panics.
325. (4.-S.) Bihelve, behalf, Sevyn Sages,
assist nature in closing the sutures of the
skulL The term is now used only for a child's BIHEDDE. Beheaded. (A.-S.)
cap. Shakespeare seems to have meant by it BI-HELOD. Beheld.
any coarse kind of night-cap. It appears also BI-HEST. To promise. (A.-S.)
to have been part of the appropriated dress of BIHEVEDED. Beheaded. Weber. See also'
barristers at law ; or it might be the scientific
undress, like the velvet nightcap of our grand- Legendse Cathohcse, p. 201. *
BIHEWE. To hew stones. (A.-S.)
fathers. Nare*. Kennett, in his Glossary, BIHIGHT. Promised. (A.-S.)
p. 29, says, " a cap with two long ears worn BI-HOLDEN. To behold. (.4.-$:)
by young children and girls is now called a BI-HOTEN. To promise. (A.-S.)
 BIL BIL
175BILBOES. A kind of stocks used at sea for the
BI-HYNDE. Behind. (A.-S.)
BIJEN. Truly. Yortek. purpose of punishing offenders. See Howell,
BIKE. A nest. Still in use for a bees' nest in sect. 6; Malone's Shakespeare, vil 485. A
a wild state. wooden piece of machinery, used for confining
A byke of waspes bredde in his nose. the head of sheep, is also so called.
MS. Cett. Calig. A. ii. f. 109. The pore feloe was put into the bilboes, he being
BIKECHE. To deceive. (A.-S.) This form the first upon whom any punyshmentMS.wasAddit
shewd.5008
occurs in the Sevyn Sages, 1121.
BIKED. Fought. Weber. BILCOCK. The water-ran. North.
BI-KENNEN. To commit to. (A.-S.) We BILD. A building. (A.-S.)
Y se som men purchas and make gret byld,
have already had be-ikenne, q.v. Cf. Piers
Ploughman, pp. 31, 154; Langtoffc, pp. 123, Arey.se high towris and gret MS.
wallis.Laud, 416, f. 45.
274 ; Havelok, 1268, explained betoken. BILDER. (1) A mallet with a long handle used
And whil he slepte, kut his here
With hir sheres worth e her hende, for breaking clods. North.
And to his foos him bikende.
Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Tnn. Cantab, f, 45. (2)oakA builder. (4.-S.) " The bilder oak," the
used in building.
BIKERE. To skirmish; to fight; to quarrel. BILDERS. A kind of water-cresses, mentioned
Also a substantive, a quarrel. (A.-S.) Cf. by Elyot, in v. Laver.
Leg. Worn. 2650 ; Piers Ploughman, p. 429 ; BILE. (1) Aboil. (^-£) The genuine word,
Minot's Poems, p. 51 ; Arthour and Merlin, and still used in the provincial dialects. It is
p. 206.And for she loveth me out of biker, found in the early editions of Shakespeare,
and in most early writers.
Of my love she may be siker.
Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 87 (2) Guile ? JByle, to beguile, Audelay's Poems,
BI-KNOWEN. To know; to- recognize; to For no man of his counselle knoweth,
acknowledge. (A.-S.) Cf. Piers Ploughman, p. 28.It is alle bile Gower,
undir the wynge.
pp. 13, 45, 370, 404; Sevyn Sages, 2689. MS. Soc. Jntiq. 134, f. 368*
Pret. s. U-Jcnewe. Part. pa. U-bnowe, BI-LEDE. To lead about. (A.-S.)
Of his covenaunt he was biknawe, BILEF. Quickly; suddenly. Weber.
And made Angys half felawe. BILEIGHE. To bely. So explained in gloss.
ArtJiour and JlfZm, p. 17. to Sir Tristrem, p. 239.
She moste there by-know the dede,
Or fynde a man for hyr to fight. BILET. A willow plantation. Salop.
MS. Harl. 2252, f. 99, BILEVE. (1) To leave; to quit. See Kyng
BIL. A fish of the cod kind. Ash* Alisaunder, 5311; "Warton's Hist. Poet. ii. 5;
BILAD. Brought. (A.-S.) Legcndse Catholicse, p. 164 ; Rob. Glouc.470;
Withouten mete or driuke that day
In sorwe he was bilad. Langtoft, p. 153; Black's Cat. of Arundel
MSS.p.108; SirDegrevant, 1885.
Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Ti-in. Cantab, f. 104. And many a maide in grene and tender age
BILANDER. A small ship. Bilefte were sool in that grete rage, US. Digby 230.
BILAPPED. Wrapped up ; surrounded. Cf. (2) To remain ; to stay. See Chaucer, Cant. T.
Amis and Amiloun, 1014 ; Sevyn Sages, 2210. 10897; Troilus and Creseide, iii. 624; Sevyn
And soo I hangyd on the erosse, and on all sides
I was bylapped wyth the moost bytter sorowes of Sages, 5 68 ; Minot's Poems, p. 10 ; Rob. Glouc.
dethe.-— Carton's Divers Fruitful Ghostly Maters, p. 17; GodKynglateAlisaunder, 4468.
us never byleve in synne,
BILASH. To flog. With here that es so strange.
BILAVE. To remain. (A.-S.) Cf. Sevyn Sages, MS. Lincoln A. I. 17, f. 148.
161; Arthour and Merlin, p. 75. Byktjt, BILGE. To indent. Somerset.
" Ywaine and Gawin, 35. BILIBRE. Two pounds. Wickliffe.
BILAYE. To besiege. Cf. Sevyn Sages, 2752 ; BILID. Mad; distracted. Somerset.
Rob. Glouc.p. 519 ; Arthour and Merlin, p. 14. BI-LIEN. To calumniate. (A.-S.}
And sax monethes he it bilay aplight,
That nothing winne he it no might. BILIMEDEN. Deprived of limbs. Bilemectoc*
Rouland and Vernagu, p. 7' curs inEob. Glouc. p. 471; tylyme, p. 301.
The knightes of the table rounde
BILBERRIES. "Whortleberries. Var. dial. Mani ther slough in litel stotmde,
BILBO. A Spanish word, so called from Bilboa, And bilimeden and feld of hors
the place of manufacture. A swordsman Mani hethen orped Arthour
cors.
was sometimes termed a bilbo-man, as in and. Merlin, p. 214.
Beaumont and Fletcher, ii. 331. Drayton, in BILINE. Quickly. Perhaps MUm; but it
a marginal note to his Battaile of Agin-Court, rhymes with chine in Arthour and Merlin,
p. 10, says that bilbo-blades are " accounted
of the best temper ;" and Shakespeare com- BILIORS.
p. 236. Billiards. Arch. xiv. 253.
pares Master Slender to one on account of his BILITHE. An image. Versteffm.
thinness. They were often made of laten metal. BILIVE. Belief. (^.-£)
BILBOCATCH. A bilboquet. East. This is And that is sothe that I «eye ;
the children's toy generally known as cup and In that Wive I wol bothe ly ve and dye*
ball. MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. Ifc
 BIL BIN
176
fJILK. Nothing. A cant terra, ridiculed by BILYVE. Food. (A.-S.}
BIM-BOM. The sound of bells. Far. dial
3en Jonson, vi. 136. Blount says, " bilk is
j*aid to be an Arabick word, and signifies Hence anything hanging in the manner of a
bell-clapper is so called.
nothing: cribbidge-players understand it best." Here I, great Tom,
GlossograpMa, ed. 1681, p. 85.
Sing loudly bim-bnm. Mother Hulbord, a but lesqua-
BILL. (1) A kind of pike or lialbert, formerly
carried by the English infantry, and afterwards BIMEBY. By and by. Somerset.
BI-MELDE. To inform against. (A.-S.)
the usual weapon of watchmen. Soldiers Dame, God the for^elde,
armed with bills were sometimes called bills.
Bote on that thou menout bi-melde.
A bill-hook is still called a Ull in some parts Wright's Anecd. Lit. p. 3.
of the country. BI-MENE. To lament ; to pity ; to bemoan.
(2) A letter. Chaucer. A petition was for- Biment, bemoaned. (A.-S.) Cf. Reliq. An-
merly called a bill, as also an advertisement
tiq. ii. 121 ; Hartshorne's Met. Tales, p. 86 ;
set up against a wall, post, or any public place. Gy of Warwike, pp. 5, 18 ; Lay le Freine, 298 ;
The placards of public challengers were so Kyng of Tars, 1088 ; Rom. of the Rose, 2667.
called, whence came the phrase of setting up
Bymenyng, moaning, Kyng Alisaunder, 534.
bills, Much Ado about Nothing, i. 1. Occasionally, to mean, as in Havelok, 1259 ;
(3) A promontory. Gesta Rom. p. 5 ; Piers Ploughman, p. 13.
BILLABLE. Liable to having a bill preferred And sche bigan him to bimene.
by law ? See the Egerton Papers, p. 234. (lower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 48.
BILLAMENTS. Ornaments. Explained by BIMINDE. Mourned; lamented. Wicldiffe.
Baret, Alvearie, 1580, "the attire or orna- Baber has bimorniden.
mentes of a woman's head or necke." It is BIN. (1) Been; are; were; is. Var. dial It
generally glossed habiliments, which is hardly also occurs in several of our old dramatists.
correct. See Dodsley's Old Plays, ii. 224; (2) Because. Somerset.
Hey wood's Rape of Lucrece, p. 58 ; Planche's BIND. (1) A name given by miners to any in-
Costume, p. 249 ; Cotgrave, in v. Doreure, durated argillaceous substance.
Dorlot; Burnet's Ref. Records, p. 171. (2) A lot of eels. Skinner. According to Ken-
BILLARD. A bastard capon. Sussex. nett, MS. Lansd. 1033, two hundred and fifty.
BILLERE. Bursula, bot. (3) A hop-stalk. South.
BILLET. (1) The coal-fish. (4) Anything that binds. East.
(2) The game of tip-cat. Derbysh. BIND-CORN. Buck-wheat.
(3) A stick ; a cudgel. Beaumont and Fletcher. BIND-DAYS. The days on which tenants were
(4) A small quantity of half-threshed corn, obliged Apparently
to reap their
bound up into sheaves or bundles. West. time. the lord's
same corn at harvest-
as bedrepes, q. v.
BILLETINGS. The ordure of the fox. BINDEN. To bind. (A.-S.)
BILLING. Working. Yorhsh. This term is BINDING. (1) A hazel rod or thorn, two or
found in Meriton's Yorkshire Ale, p. 91 ; three yards long, so called because used for
Kennett's Glossary, MS. Lansd. 1033. binding the hedge-tops. North.
BILLINGSGATE. A fish-market in London, the (2) The tiring of a hawk. Blome.
sellers at which have long been proverbial for BINDING-COURSE. The top course of hay
coarse language, so that low abuse is often which is put on before it is bound on the cart
termed talking Billingsgate. with a rope. North.
BILLMAN. A man who cuts faggots. See BINDING DAY. The second Tuesday after
Hollyband and Cotgrave, in v. tiouscheron. Easter, called also Binding-Tuesday.
Formerly a soldier who was armed with a dill, BIND-WEED. The wild convolvulus.
as in Hall's Union, Henry IV. f. 13. BINEBY. By and by. North. -Moor gives Mne~
BILLY. (1) A bull. /. Wight. line in the same sense.
(2) A bundle of wheat-straw. Somerset. BINETHEN. Beneath. (A.-S.}
(3) A brother ; a young fellow, a term of endear- BING.
Chesh.(1) To begin to turn sour, said of milk.
ment. North.
(4) A removal, or flying off. This term is used (2) Away. Dec&er. A cant term, explained by
by boys when playing at marbles, and refers to Grose to go. See also Earle's Microcosmo-
shifting the place of a marble.
BILLY-BITER. The black-cap. North. The graphy, p. 255.
(3)MS.
A superior kind of lead. Kennett's Glossary,
Lansd. 1033.
long-tailed tit is called a bitty-feather^oke.
BILLY-WIX. An owl. East.
(4) A bin. Var. dial. il Bynge" occurs in the
SILOKE. Fastened ; locked. (A.-S.) The MS. Prompt. Parv. p. 36.
Ashmole 39, f. 39, more correctly reads whom BINGE. To soak a vessel in water so as to
for whanne in the following passage. prevent its leaking. Line.
Thorow the fulfillynge of the Holy Gost, BINGER. Tipsy. Line.
Thereinne biloke, whanne sche lovjd most. BING-STEAD. The place where ore is depo-
Lydgate, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 4.
sited. Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033, says " the
BI-LOWEN. To bend ; to bow. (A.-S.) hole or mouth of the furnace in which the
BILTER. The water-rail. North.
fuel is put is calTd the Ung of the furnace."
 177
BIB BIS

It is termed ling-place in some verses quoted BIRD'S-EYE. Germander speedwell.

by Blount, in v. Bergmoth ; and also ling-hole. BIRDS'-MEAT. Haws. Somerset.
BI-NIME. To take away. (A.-SJ Cf. Gy of BIRE. A stall ; a cowhouse. See Arch, xm
Warwike, p. 136. Bynymmynge, Reliq. Antiq. 203 ; Bullein's Dialogue, 1573, p. 4.
ii. 52. BI-REDE. To counsel. (A.-S.) See Gy of
Than alle his ten brethren therfore hateden June,
That oure Loverd wole habben i-do mai no man binime. "Warwike, p. 118; Hartshorne's Met. Tales,
MS. Bodl. 652, f. 2.
p. 98, Byradden, Chronicle of England, 40.
BIREDE. Buried. Arch. xxix. 130.
BINK. A bench. North. According to Kennett, BIRELAY. Avirelay. (^.-JV.)
the link of a coal-pit is " the subterraneous And eek he can carollis make,
vault in a mine." See his glossary, MS. Lansd. Rondealle, balade, and Urelay.
1033 ; and lynke, in the first sense, Towneley Gower, MS. Cantab, f. 56.
Myst.p. 317. BI-REPE. To bind. (A.-S.)
Ane iryne bynke thay made 'with strenghe, BI-REYE. To bereave. (A.-S.}
Fyftene cubetesit wasonelenghe.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 128. BI-REWE. Tome. (A.-S.)
BIRFUL. Roaring. Ritson.
BINNE. Within. (A.-S.) B1RGAND. A wild goose. Coclcer.
BINNICK. A minnow. Somerset.
BINT. Bound. SMnner. BIRGEN. A grave, Verstegan.
BIPARTED. Parted in two. BIRIEL. Burial. See Leg. Cath. p. 203. The
more usual meaning is grave, as beriel, q. v.
BI-Q-UASSHEN. To crush to pieces. (A.-S.}
BIQUATH. Bequeathed. Hearne. BIRK. A birch-tree. North. See Davies' York
BIRAFTE. Bereft. (A.-S.) Records, p. 274 (?) \ Perceval, 773.
That verrily his discreseioun BIRL. A rattling noise. North.
Was him birafte in conclusioun. BIRLADY. By our Lady. Nvrth. A very
MS. Digby 230. common elliptical form in our old writers.
BIRAU3TE. Taken away. (X-S.) BIRLE. To pour out ; to draw wine. (A.-S.}
Only for lak that his bemis bryjte See Torrent of Portugal, p. 13; Skelton, ii. 167;
Weren me biraitfte thorowthe cloudy mone. Robson's Met. Rom. p. 80.
Lyrtgate, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 6. BIRLED. Powdered; spangled. Huloet.
BIRCHING-LANE. To send a person to Birch- BIRLER. The master of the revels at a bidding-
ing-lane, a proverbial phrase for ordering wedding in Cumberland, perhaps from &irle,
him to be whipped or otherwise punished. It one of his duties being to superintend the re-
was formerly a place for buying second-hand freshments.
or ready-made clothes. Nares. See Hawkins' BIRNY. A cuirass, coat of mail.
Engl. Dram. iii. 267. BIRR. Force; violence; impetus; any rapid
BIRD, (1) A lady. (^.-£) The term is very whirling motion. North. It is applied to
common in early English poetry, and is occa- the whizzing of any missile violently thrown,
sionally applied to the other sex, as in Amis as in Wickliffe, Apoc. xviii. The noise of
andAmiloun, 15. partridges when they spring is called birring.
His ost spac and jaf answare, Alle is borne at a byrre to Burdews haven.
And jede forth with the bird so bold. MS. Cott. Calig. A. it. f. 109.
Leg. Cathol. p. 35. And whenne the brigge was alle redy, he badde h,is
(2) Buried. Leg. Cath. p. 121. knyghtes wende over apone it, bot whenne thay saw
(3) The pupil of the eye, or perhaps the little the grete rever ryne so swiftely, and -with so giete a
reflected image on the retina, or that of a very byrre, thay dred thame that the brygge schulde falle.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 15.
near spectator reflected from the cornea. East.
BIRRET. A hood. Skinner.
(4; An egg is said to be " dead of bird" when BIRSE. A bristle. North.
the chicken dies very shortly before the pe-
riod of hatching. East. BIRSEL. To roast ; to broU. North.
(5) Any pet animal. Kent. BIRT. A kind of turbot. See Ordinances and
(6) Bread. Exmoor. Regulations, pp. 175, 181, 182; Harrison's
BIRD-BATTING. A method of catching birds Description of England, p. 224. Huloet has
at night with a net and light, described in " byrte fyshe, rhombus"
Strutt's Sports, p. 38. See also Aubrey's BIRTH. A place; a station. Var. dial
Wilts, Royal Soc. MS. p. 30. BIRTHDOM. Birthright. Shak.
BIRD-BOLT. (1) A short thick arrow with a BIRTHE-MEN.Menofbirthorcondition.^.-^.)
broad flat end, used to Mil birds without BIRTHENE. A burden. (A.-S.}
piercing, by the mere force of the blow, Nares. BIRTLE. (1) Brittle. East.
(2) The burbot. (2) A summer apple. x Yorfak.
BIRD-BOY. A boy who frightens birds from BIRYE. A city; a town. Ps.Cott.
the corn. Var. dial. BIRYNG. Burial. Nug. P«et p. 3.
BIRD-CALL. A small whistle used to imitate BIS. A delicate blue colour ; but the term is
the call of birds. See Blome's GentRec. ii. 122. frequently applied to a silk of fine texture, and
BIRDER. A bird-catcher. South. to other colours, black or dark grey. Roque-
BIRD-EYED. Near-sighted. Jonson. forte
BIRDING. Bird-catching. Var. dial which explains
is dearlyoysse, " sorte d'e'toffe
the meaning of the determ
soie,"
in
12
 BIS 1 r$ BIS

Chron. Vilodun, p. 34, " under a curtail of that given by Tyndale, quoted in Jaraieson,
purpur byse;" Launfal, 284, "i-heled with suppl. i. 92.
(2) A pinafore or bib. Warw.
purpur bys;" LybeausDisconus,2071 of;Wright's Patient (3)tooth,
To produce artificial ofmarks on aashorse's
Lyric Poetry, pp. 30, 35 ,- BaUad for the purpose deceiving to its
Grissel, " instead of fiis and purest pall ;*' Gesta
Rom. pp. 33,207, 210 ; Middletoa's Works, v. age. Var. dial.
558 ; Peele's Works, ii. 228. " Purple and (4) A lady-bird, which also goes by the name
biss" are mentioned together by Mapes, MS. of Ushop-oarnabee^ bishop-benebee, and bishop-
35. See also Florio, inv. Azwr- benetree. Florio, in v. Farfdlla, " a flie that
Bodl.
rino. 85], f, hovering about a candle burnes itself e, of some
The kynges of erthe that ban don lecehene with called a bishop" which is probably a smaller
her, and ban lyvid In delites, whanne thei schullyn insect.
se the smoke of her brennyng, stondyngafer wepyng (5) Florio gives one of the meanings of Fitngo,
and weylyng' and seiyng,alas ! alas ! that grete cite " that firy round in a burning candle called
that was clothd with fiiwand porpur, and brasil, and
overgyld with gold and presious stony? ) (6)theTo bishop"
water the balls, .a term used by printers.
Wimbdtort's Sermon, 1388, MS. Hattun 5?, p. 18.
BI-SAL Saw fit ; thought fit. Hearne. See (7) To confirm. North. See Stanihurst's De-
scription ofIreland, p. 27.
And also within the fyfte 3ere.
By say, Rob. 4605.
Alisaunder, Glouc. p.In192,
the and
latter*by-sayen,
instance,Kyng
the Do that thei bischoped were.
Bodl. MS. reads beseighen. MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 2.
BIS CAN. A finger-glove. Devon. BISHOPPING. Confirmation. East. See early
BISCHEDITH. Overnoweth. Baler. instances in Arch. xxv. 498 ; Pilkington's
BISCHET. Shut up. (J.-S.) See Octovian, Works, p. 553 ; Cotgrave, in v. Confirmation.
1280? Arthour and Merlin, p. 23; Piers BISHOP'S-FINGER. A guide-post ; so called,
Ploughman, p. 405. according to Pegge, because it shows the
BI-SCHYNETH. Shines upon. (A.-S.) right way but does not go.
BISCORE. Immediately. BISIE. Busy. (A.-S.)
BI-SCOT. A fine, the nature of which is de- BISIED. Agitated. Gwo.
scribed byBlount, in v. It was imposed ^on BISILKE. See the Rates of the Custome
the owners of marsh lands for not keeping House, 1545, " tisilfa the groce conteyning
them in proper repair. •xii. dossen peces, x. s."
BISCUIT. A plain cake as distinguished from BI-SITTEN. To beset. (A.-S.)
a richer one. A seed-biscuit is a plain cake BISK. (1) A term at tennis, a stroke allowed
made either with seeds or plums. Sussex. to the weaker party to equalize the players.
BI-SE. To look about ; to behold. (A.-S.) See Howell, sect, 28.
BI-SEGGEN. To reproach ; to insult. (A.-S.) (2) To rub over with an inky brush. See the
BI-SEKEN, To beseech. (A.-SJ Also bi-sechen. new edition of Boucher, in v.
See Piers Ploughman, p. 18 ; Langtoft, p. 73 ; (3) Broth made by boiling several kinds of
Havelok, 2994. flesh together.
I had scarce prcnounced them, but I found the
BISELET. A carpenter's tool odor of the most admirable bisk that ever fura'd
BI-SEMEN. To appear. (A.-S.) into Dives his nostrils. A Comical History of the
BISEN, Blind. (A.-S.) Worldin the Mean, 1659.
Thei met a bisen mon tho, BISKY. A biscuit. West
And him thei duden necle
To take that on ende of that tre BISMARE. Infamy; reproach {disgrace. (A.-S.)
To go the better spede.
Cursor Mundi* MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 102. See
Cant. Piers
T. 3963 Ploughman,
; Launfal,pp.92382,; Kyng
413 ; Chaucer,
Alisaun- '
EI-SHNDE. Sent to. (A.-S.) See Rob. Giouc. der, 648; Gy of Warwike, pp, 126, 215;
Chron. p. 524. Bisewt, Langtoft, p. 309, ex- Rob. Glouc. pp. 12, 145; Walter Mapes,
plained byHearne, beseeched. p. 342. Also a substantive, a shameless per-
BI-SETTEN. To place ; to set. (A.-S.) son, oysmare, Cov. Myst. pp. 140, 217, in
BISEXT. Leap-year, (L&t.) which sense it occurs in Douglas, quoted by
BISGEE. A kind of mattock, with a short han- Jamieson.
Thai seyd he schuld nought have
dle, calculated so as to serve both for a pick- Bot strokes and ftwtnaw.
axe and a common axe. West.
Arthour and Merlin, p. 73.
BISH. A bishop. Hearne. And he that broghte here to that bysmere,
BI-SHEREWEN. To curse. (A^SL) For here foly he shal answere.
MS. Harl. 1701, f, 49.
He semeth to be ryjte welle thew'uJ*
And jlthis herte is alle bi-screicid. BISME. An abyss ; a pit.
Gower, MS. Soo, Antiq. 134, f . 42.
BISNE. (1) A blind person. (A.-S.)
BI-SHETTEN. To shut up. (A.-S.) Thou, as a' littille bisne, a dwerghe, a halfe
BISHOP. (1) Milk that is burnt in the pan is marine, and ortez ©f alle menue, de&7r«nd to over
said in the northern counties to be oishopped, passe thi littillnesse, rijte as a mouse crepe* outft
of hir hole. Life of Alexander* Lincoln MS. f, 7.
or sometimes that " the bishop has set his
foo$ in it." Perhaps the best explanation is (2) An example. (^.-5.)
 179
BIT BIT
Tharefore the es better amend the of thi mys- BITAKE. To commit. (A.-S.)
dediSj than we take swilke wreke appone the that And men and passand for her bitakens it haly
other mene take bisne therby. MS. Lincoln A. i. kirke fra ye. MS. Coll. Eton. 10, f. 22.
17, f- 9. BITCH. (1) The female companion of a vagrant.
BI-SNEWID. Covered with snow. (A.-S.} A general term of reproach. " As drunk as
And as a busche whiche is bi-snewid,
Here berdis weren hore and white. a fidler's bitch," a phrase still in use, and
Gotaer, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 51. found in another form in Piers Ploughman,
BISOKNE. Delay; sloth. Hearne. p. 98. " Byche-clowte," a worthless woman,
BISON. A bull. Cov. Myst. p. 218.
BI-SOWED. Sowed ; stitched. (A.-S.} [2) A miner's tool used in boring. North.
The ded body was It-sowed BITCH-DAUGHTER. The night-mare. Yortoh.
In cloth of golde, and leyde therinne. BITE. (1) To " bite the ear" was once an ex-
Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f . 236. pres ion ofendearment, and Jonson has biting
BI-SPAT. Spat upon. WicWffe. the nose in a similar sense, ii. 184. We still
BI-SPEKE. To counsel. Weber. It also occurs say to children, " I am so fond of yon I could
in the sense of, to speak, to accuse. eat you up." To "bite the thumb" at a
BISPEL. A term of reproach. Cumb* Kennett, person, an insult. See Rom. and Jul. i. 1.
MS. Lansd. 1033, says " a notorious knave or (2) To abide ; to alight. Hearne.
rascalL" In some counties a natural child is (3) To drink. (A.-S.)
so called. Was therinne no page so lite,
That evere wolde ale bite. Havelok, 1731.
BI-SPEREN. To lock up. (A.-S.)
BI-SPRENGDE. Sprinkled. (A.-S.) Eysprent, (4) The hold which the short end of a lever has
scattered, Skelton, ii. 403. upon the thing to be lifted. A short bite or
The childes clothes that were gode, a long bite means a greater or lesser degree
Al a bi-sprengde with that blode. of length from the ralcrum.
SevesofHamtoun, p. 16.
(5) To smart. Chaucer.
BISS. A hind. (A.-N.) See a list of beasts in BITEN. (1) To bite. (A.-S.)
Reliq. Antiq. i. 154. (2) Between. Langtoft, p. 10.
BISSCHADEWETH. Shades. (A^S.) BITHOUHT. Contrived. (A~S.)
The grete bough that over him is, Seven barbicanes ther beth i-wrouht,
So him bisschadetveth, i-wis, With gret ginne al bithoteht.
That hit mai have no thedom. Warton's Hist, Engl. Poet. i. 76.
Sevyn Sages, 586.
BISSEN. Art not. West. BI-TIDEN. To happen; to betide. (A.-S.)
BISSON. SeeBeesen. BI-TIME. Betimes. (A.-S.)
BITLEHEAD. A blockhead. Somerset.
BISSYN. To lull children to sleep. Prompt. BITORE. A bittern. (A.-N.)
Par®. See the several entries, p. 37, bys$yne, BITRENT. Twisted ; carried round. Chaucer.
byssynge, &c. BITTE. (1) The steel part of an axe.
BIST. (1) Thou art ; art thou ? West.
(2)Abyest. Scott. (2) Bad; commanded.
We may to the say ry5te as hee bitte,
BISTARD. A bustard. Florio. With, devouteherte knelynge on oure kne.
BISTERE. To bestir. Lydgate, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 19
Fond we ous to bistere, BITTERBUMP. The bittern. Lane. Also
And our lond sumdel to were.
Arthour and Merlin, p. 159. called the bitter, as in Middleton's Works, v.
BISTOCKTE. A stock of provisions ? 289; bittor, Chester Plays, L 51; bit tour,
Also ye most ordeyne your bittocJcte tohavewyth Florio, in v. Astoria. See also Skelton's
yow, for thow ye schal be at the tabyl wyth yowre Works, ii. 130, 266.
patrone, notwythstondyng ye schal oft tyme have BITTER-SWEET, The wood nightshade, ac-
nede to yowre vytelys bred, chese, eggys, frute and cording toGerard, p. 278. A kind of apple
bakyn, wyne and other, to make yowre collasyun. is also called by this name, or a bitter-sweet-
a> xxi.410. ing, as in Romeo and Juliet, ii. 4. Nares lias
BISTODE. Stood by or near. (A.-S.) Scott ex- noticed other instances.
plains itwithstood, but see Sir Tristrem, p. 154. For all suche tyme of love is lore,
BI-STRETE. Scattered. Hearne. And like unto the tttter-twete ;
BISWIKE. SeeBeswike. For though it thinke a man fyrst swete,
He shall well felen, at laste,
BI-SWINKEN. To labour hard. (A.-S.) That it is sower, and male not laste.
BISYHED. Business.
Siayhed, care, and sorowe, Gow, ed. 1554, f . 174.
Is with mony uche a-morowe.
BITTIRFULL. Sorrowful. Chaucer,
Kyng Aliaaunder, 3. BITTLE. A beetle. Wilts.
BIT. (1) Biddeth. Chaucer. BITTLIN. A milk-bowl. Grose gives a Der-
(2) The lower end of a poker. Also, to put a new byshire proverb, " I am very wheamdw, quoth
end to a poker. West. the old "woman, when she stept into the mid-
(3) The nick of time. North, " Bit" is often used BITTRE. dle of the bittlin."
without the preposition ; " a wee bit bairn," a BITTS. Instruments Bitterly. (A.-S.)
very small child. used in blasting in mines.
BITAISTE. Gave. (AsS.) North,
 BLA 180 BLA
BITTYWELP. Headlong. Beds. I (3) To whistle to a horse.
BIVEL. Befell. Rob. Glouc. BLABBER-LIPPED. Having thick lips. Huloet
BIWAKE. To watch ; to guard. Weber. translates it by Achilles. Cf. Florio, in v.
BI-WAN. Won; obtained; got. See Rob. Childne.
Glouc. p. 21 ; Langtoft, p, 323. BLACEBERGAN. The blackberry. (A.-S.)
BIWARED. Warned. This term occurs in an early list of plants in
Who that hath his wit biivared, MS. Hunter 100.
Upon a flatoure to bileve. BLACK. Mischievous; malignant; unpropitious.
Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 209. The Latin niger is used in Horace in a like
BI-WENTE. Turned about. (^.-S.) sense. See Ben Jonson, ii. 39- This maybe
Wan the gostit scholcle go, yt bi-wente and with-stod. the meaning of the term in the common
Walter Mapes, App. p. 334,
phrase " black's his eye," implying either a
BIWEVED. Covered. (A.-S.) Also, woven, personal or moral blemish, or any misconduct.
wrought. » See Kyng Alisaunder, 1085. The pupil was formerly called the llacJc of the
A man he semed of michel might,
eye. See Boucher. A " black day," an unfor-
Ac poverliche he was biweved. tunate, unpropitious day. " Black and white,"
Gy of Warwike, p. 303. writing or printing, a phrase still in use.
BI-WICCHEN. To bewitch. (A.S.)
" Black burning shame," a very great shame:
, BI-WILLE. To beguile. The Trinity College
MS. reads ligyle. " Black heart," a very unfeeling heart. A
black-mouthed Presbyterian, one who con-
Sorful bicom that fals file, demns everything and accuses everybody,
And thojht how he moght man U-wilte. denying the right of the most innocent indul-
MS. Cutt. Vespas. A. iii. f. 5.
gences. Ablack witch, a witch that works
BI-WINE. To win. (A.-S.) evil and mischief to men or beasts.
BI-WITE. To know. (A.-S.) The riche and mygty man, thouje he trespace,
BIWOPE. Full of tears; bewept. See the
No man sayeth onis that blak is his y$e.
Sevyn Sages, 1186 ; Troilus and Creseide, iv. Occleve, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 267.
916, biwopin. Why, yow have named yt a fooles, madam. A
BI-WORPE. To cast. (^.-£) foole may doe all things, and no man say black's Ms
BIWREYE. To betray. eye. The Tell Tale, Dulwich College MS.
I hadde lever utturly to dye, BLACK-ALMAIN. A dance, the figures of
Than thorow my worde this mayde for to spille,
which are given in the Shak. Soc. Papers, i. 26.
As y mot nede, yf y hire biiureye.
BLACKAMOOR. The bull-rush when in full
Lydgate, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 4,
B1WYMPLID. Covered with a wimple. bloom. /. Wight. In Somersetshire, the
And soujte aboute with his honde sweet scabious is calledThe
BLACK-AND-BLUE. blackamoor's
result of beauty.
violent
That other bed, tille that he fonde
Where lay biwymplid a visage. beating. Huloet has, " beaten blacke and
Comer, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 170.
BIYETE. To beget. (A.-S.) See Sevyn Sages, bloo,Dismembyr
suggittatus."
hym noght, that on a tre
For the was made bothe blak and bio.
230, 1057. MS. Coll. Jtis. Cantab. Q. y. 3.
BI-YONDE. Beyond. (^.-S.) When used in- BLACK-ART. Necromancy.
definitely itsignifies beyond sea.
BIZON. A term of reproach. North. BLACK-A-VIZED. Dark in complexion. North.
BIZZ. To buzz. North. (Teut.) BLACK-BASS. A measure of coal lying upon
BI3B. To buy. tine flatstone, q. v. Salop.
BLACKBERRY. When Falstaff says, « if rea-
BI3ETE. Gain. (4.-S.) See Wright's Pol.
Songs, p, 200 ; Gy of Warwike, p. 339. coursesonsalludes
were as plenty as blackberries,"
to the extreme commonness he of
of
BI-3UNDE. Beyond. See Life of St. Brandan,
that fruit ; but it does not appear to have been
p. 3 ; bijende, Wright's Anec. Lit. p. 5. observed that the term was applied at a much
BLAA. Blue. JorJcsh. Applied more particu-
larly to the appearance of the flesh after a earlier period in a very similar manner.
The lorde not deigneth undirstonde his peyne,
heavy blow. He setteth not therby a blak-berye.
And bett hym tille his rybbis braste, Occleve, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f, 278.
And made his fle&,che fulle blaa.
BLACKBERRIES.
Sir Isumbras, 311. Black-currants. Cumb.
BLACOERRY-SUMMER, The fine weather
BLAANED. Half-dried. Yartoh.
which is generally experienced at the latter
BLABBER. (1) To talk idly.
Whi presumyst thou so proudli to prophecie these end of September and the beginning of Octo-
thingis, •ber, when the blackberries ripen. Hants.
And wost no more what thou blaberest than Ba- BLACK-BESS. A beetle. Sakp. In Berk-
lames asse. MS. Digby 41, f. 3. shire, a blackbeetle is called a UacMol); in
(2) To put out the tongue loosely. Yorkshire, a Hack-clock; and in Cornwall, a
Mack-worm.
To mocke anybody by blabboring out the tongue
is the part of waghalters and lewd boyes, not of BLACK-BITCH. A gun. North.
well mannered children. BLACK-BOOK. An imaginary record of offences
Schools of Good Mannertf 1629. and sins. North.
 BLA
BLA 181
BLACKBOWWOWERS. Blackberries. North. but another account is given by Fordun. The
BLACKBROWN. Brunette. Florio. term is found in Shakespeare. See also Stain-
BLACK-BUG. A hobgoblin. Florio has, " Le- hurst's Description of Ireland, p. 21 -, Sharp's
miiri, the ghostes or spirits of such as dye Chroii. Mirab. p. 9. It is also the schoolboy's
before their time, hobgoblins, black-bugs* or term for the first Monday after the holidays,
when they are to return to their studies.
night-walking spirits."
BLACK-BURIED. In infernum missus. Skin- BLACK-MONEY. Money taken by the har-
ner. A phrase that has puzzled all the edi- bingers or servants, with their master's know-
tors of Chaucer to explain satisfactorily. See ledge, for abstaining from enforcing coin and
Urry's edition, The p. 133 ; Tyrwhitt,iv. livery in certain places, to the prejudice of
BLACK-CAP. bullfinch. Lane. 274. others. See the State Papers., ii. 510.
BLACK-COAT. A clergyman. Boucher. BLACK-NEB. The carrion-crow. North.
BLACK-CROSS-DAY. St.- Mark's day, April 25. BLACK-OX. The black ox has trod on his foot,
BLACKEYED-SUSAN. A well pudding, with a proverbial phrase, meaning either to be worn
plums or raisins in it. Sussex. with age or care. See Nares, p. 44 ; Martin
BLACK-FASTING. Rigid, severe fasting. North. Mar-Prelate's Epitome, p. 10. Toone says it
BLACK-FOOT. The person who attends the signifies that a misfortune has happened to the
principal on a courting expedition, to bribe the party to which it is applied.
servant, ingratiate himself with the sister, put BLACK-POLES. Poles in a copse which have
any friend off his guard, or in certain cases to stood over one or two falls of underwood.
introduce his friend formally. North. HerffordsJi.
BLACK-FROST. Frost without rime. Var. dial. BLACK-POT. Blackpuddhig. Somerset. Called
BLACK-GRASS. The fox-tail grass. East. in some places bhck-piy-pudding.
BLACK-GUARD. A nickname given to the BLACKS. Mourning. An appropriate word,
lowest drudges of the court, the carriers of found in writers of the 16th and 17th centu-
coal and wood, the labourers in the scullery, ries. See Nares, in v.
&c. Hence the modern term, and its applica- BLACK-SANCTUS. A kind of burlesque hymn,
tion. See Ben Jonson, ii. 169 ; Beaumont and performed with all kinds of discordant and
Fletcher, i. 21 ; Middleton, ii. 546; Webster, strange noises. A specimen of one is given in
i. 20.
BLACKHEAD. Aboil. West. Harrington's Nugae Ant. i. 14. Hence it caine
to be used generally for any confused and vio-
BLACKING. A kind of pudding, perhaps the lent noise. See Dodsley, vi. 177 ; Ben Jonson,
same as blood-pudding, mentioned by Fairfax, viii. 12 ; Tarlton, p. 61 ;Cotgrave, in v. Tint a-
Bulk and Selvedge of the World, 1674, p. 159, marre, " a blacke santus, thelowd wrangling,
as then made in Derbyshire. or jangling outcryes of scoulds, or scoulding
BLACK-JACK. (1) A large leather can, formerly fellowes ; any extreame or horrible dinne."
in great use for small beer. See Unton In- BLACKSAP. The jaundice in a very advanced
state. East*
ventories, p1. ; Brand's Pop. Antiq, ii. 206 ;
Ord. and Reg. p. 392 ; Heywood's Edward IV. BLACK-SATURDAY. The first Saturday after
p. Nor
97. of blacke jacks at gentle buttry bars, the old Twelfth Day, when a fair is annually
held at Skipton. Yorksh.
Whose liquor oftentimes breeds houshuld wars. BLACK-SCULLS. Florio has, " CappeWU,
Taylors WorTtes, 1630, i. 113. souldiers serving on horsebacke with skuls or
(2) Sulphuret of zinc, as found in the mines.
Derbysh. steelecaps, skulmen,
BLACK-SPICE. black-skuls"
Blackberries. Yorteh.
BLACK-LAD-MONDAY. Easter Monday, so BLACK-SUNDAY. Passion Sunday.
called from a curious custom on that day at BLACK-TAN. Spoken of gipsies, dogs, &c.
Ashton-under-Lyne, termed Riding the Black " Dat dere pikey is a reglar black-tan." Kent.
Lad, BLACKTHORN-CHATS. The young shoots of
467. described
It is saidin to
Hone's
have Every-day Book,
arisen from ii.
there blackthorn, when they have been cut down, to
having been formerly a black knight who re- the root. East. The cold weather which is
sided in these parts, holding the people in often experienced at the latter end of April
vassalage, and using them with great severity. and the beginning of May, when the black-
BLACK-MACK. A blackbird. Florio has, thorn is in blossom, is called blackthorn-
" Merlo, an owsell, a blackmucke, a merle or winter.
blacke-bird." It is sometimes called the BLACK-TIN. Tin ore ready for smelting.
black-ousel. BLACK-WAD. Manganese in its natural state.
BLACK-MEN. Fictitious men, enumerated in Derbysh.
mustering an army, or in demanding coin and BLACK-WATER. Phlegm or black bile on the
livery. See the State Papers, ii. 110. stomach, a disease in sheep, Yorksh. It is
BLACK-MONDAY. Easter Monday, so called an expression always applied by way of con-
from the severity of that day in 1360, which trast to denote the absence of nutritive quali-
was so unusual, that many of Edward III.'s ties in water merely. North. A receipt for
soldiers, then before Paris, died from the cold. black-water, a kind of ink, is given in MS.
This is Stowe's explanation, Annales, p. 264, Sloane 117 f. 115.
 BLA 182 BLA
But daunsed fuithe as they bygan,
BLADDER-HEADED. Stupid. South. For alle the messe they neMS. Wan.Ha.fl. 1701 , f. €0.
BLADDERS. The kernels of wheat affected by
the smut. Fast. Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033, He ne stynt, ne he ne Marine,
has, "bladders of the skin, little wheels or To Clementes hows tylle thathecarne.
MS. Cantab. Pf . ii. 38, f . 92.
rising blisters/' The last from A. S. blsedra.
BLADDYRTH. Grows? (A.-S.) BLANCH. (1) Ore -when not in masses, but in-
Avaryssia ys a soukyng sore, timately mixed with other minerals, is called a
He bladdyrth and byldeth alle in my boure. blanch of ore.
MS. Cantab. Ff. i.6, f. 46.
(2) To whiten. Also, according to Baret, to
BLADE. To trim plants or hedges. Salop. See " pull of the rinde or pille." See his Alvearie,
the Prompt. Parv. p. 37, "bladyne herbys, or 1580, B. 779. Rider has Blanch, the name of
take away the bladys, detirso f Salop. Antiq. a dog. Blanchard was a name anciently given
p. 328. * to a -white horse.
BLADES. (1) The principal rafters or hacks , of^
(3) To evade ; to shift off.
a roof. Oxf. Gloss. Arch. BLANCHE-FEVERE. According to Cotgrave,
(2) Shafts of a cart. South. " the agues wherwith maidens that have the
(3) Bravoes ; bullies. greene-sicknesse are troubled ; and hence, II a
(4) Huloet has, " Hades or yarns wyndles, an lesfievres blanches, either he is in love, or sicke
instruments of huswyfe ry,p%zte" of wantonnesse." See Troilus and Creseide,
BLADGE. A low vulgar woman. Lino.
corn. i. 917; Urry's Chaucer, p. 543.
BLADIER. An engrosse r of BLANCHES. Anything set round a wood to
BLAE. A blow* North. keep the deer in it. Various articles were em-
BLAE-BERRY. The bilberry . North. ployed for the purpose, and sometimes men. on
BL^EC. Accordin g to Kennett, MS. Lansd. this service were so called. Nares has giyeu
1033, " the greas taken off the cart-wheel s an entirely wrong explanation of the word ;
or ends of the axle-tree, and kept till it is dry, and Latimer, whom he quotes, merely uses it
made up in halls, with which the taylors rub metaphorically. As a chemical term, it is
and blacken their thread, is calld in Yorkshire found in Ashmole's Theat, Chem. Brit. p. 39.
Mac." (A.-S) The form Mencher also occurs, apparently
BLAITOORDE. A person who stammers, or connecting our first meaning with tlench, to
has any defect in his speech. Prompt. Parv. start or fly off. See also BlinJcs.
to whiten. North. BLANCH-FARM, An annual rent paid to the
BLAIN. (1) To "blanch ;eruption on the tongues Lord of the Manor. Yor&sh.
boil. Ais kind
(2)ofA animals of
so called. BLANCMANGER. A made dish for the table,
BLAKE. (1) Bleak ; cold ; bare ; naked. North. very different from the modern one of the
The word occurs in the Mirr, for Mag, p. 207, same name. The manner of making it is de-
quoted by Nares. scribed inthe Forme of Cury, pp. 25, 87. See
cry till out of breath ; to burst with laugh-
(2) Toter to Chaucer, Cant. T. 389; Piers Ploughman,
; faint. Devon. p. 252 ; Ordinances and Regulations, p. 455.
(3) Yellow. Willan says, "dark yellow, or BLANC-PLUMB. White-lead.
livid ;" and Upton, in his MS. additions to BLANDAMENT. A dish in ancient cookery.
Junius, "blake, jlavus; proverbium apud See the Feest, st. ix.
Anglos JBoreales, as blake as a paigle, i. e. as BLANDE. Mixed. (^.-5.)
Us bus have a Mode blonde, or thi ble change.
yellow inasthea TorksMre
found cowslip." Ale, proverb
This1697, p. 83.is also Marts Anhure, Lincoln 3fS. f. 80.

(4.&) " His browes BLANDISE. To flatter. (^.-M)

(4) To bleach ; to fade. In this psalroe first he spekes of Crist and of his
to blake," to vanquish, him, Perceval, 1056. folowers btandesande — JMT5. Coll. Eton. 10, f. 2.
Other examples of this phrase occur in the
same romance, 688, and in Robson's Metrical BLANDISING. Flattery. (A.-N.)
mentes, blandishments, Hall, Henry VII. f. 13,
Blandy-
Romances, p. 64.
BLAKELING. The yellow bunting. North. Despice we ihtixeblandesynges and thaire manacesj
BLAKES. Cow- dung dried for fuel. Coles. and kaste we fra us thaire jhoke,— MS. Coll. Eton.
BLAKID. Blackened. Chaucer. 10, f. 4.
BLAKNE* To blacken in the face; to grow BLAND RE LL. AMndofapple.(^V.) Sometimes
angry. (A.-S.) spelt blaunderelle. S ee Davies' York Records,
BLALC. Black; dark. (A.-S.) p. 42 5 Lydgate's Minor Poems, p. 15 ; Ordi-
The water was llalc and brade. nances and Regulations, p. 82 ; Cotgrave, in v.
Sir Tristrern, p. 279. Blandureau.
BLANK. The white mark in the centre of a
BLAME. Blameworthy. Shak. It is also a com-
butt, at -which the arrow was aimed. Also,
^LAMEPLUM. mon imprecation. " Blame me 1"
White-lead. the mark, the aim, a term in gunnery. A
BLAN. Ceased. (A.~S.) See Reliq, Antiq. ii. small coin, struck by Henry V. in France,
64; Gy of Warwike, p. 255. worthforbidden
about four
Fot I Wan, mine banes elded ai ; was by pence,
statute was
fromsobeing
called,circu-
"but
Whiles I cried alle the dai. 1 lated in this country. See Ben Jonson, v. 80 j
MS. Cott. retpas. D. vii. f. 20. Florio, in v. Bianchi, Bianco. There was a game
 BLA 183 BLA
at dice formerly so called, mentioned in BLATANT. Bellowing. See Hawkins' Engl
Dram. iii. 283 ; Brit. Bibl. i. 520. It would
Collier's Hist. Dram. Poet. ii. 315. Blanks,
blank-verses, Beaumont and Fletcher. appear from Miege that it was also used in
BLANKER. A spark of fire. West. the softer sense of prattling.
BL ANKERS. White garments. Skinner. BLATE. (1) To bellow. North.
BLANKET-PUDDING. A long round pudding (2) Shy; bashful; timid. North.
made of flour and jam, which is spread over (3) Bleak
the paste, and then rolled into the proper And ;Eve,
cold.without her loving mate,
shape. Sussex. Had thought the garden wondrous blate,
Collins* Miscellanies > 1762, p. 113.
BLANKETT. A kind of bird, the species of
which does not appear now to be known. BLATHER. To talk a great deal of nonsense.
Also spelt blonkett. See the Archseologia, A person who says much to little purpose is
xiii. 34 1,352. called a blathering hash. A bladder is some-
BLANK-MATINS. Matins sung over night. times pronounced blather, as in Akerman's
See Liber Niger Domxis Edw. IV. p. 50. Wiltshire Glossary, p. 6. Blattering, chat-
BLANKNESS. Paleness. tering, occurs in A Comical History of the
World in the Moon, 1659.
BLANKS. A mode of extortion, by which
blank papers were given to the agents of the There's nothing gain'd by being witty ; fame
Gathers but wind to blather up a name.
crown, which they were to fill up as they Beaumont and Fletcher, I. Ii.
pleased to authorize the demands they chose BLATTER. A puddle. North.
to make. Nares. BLAUN. White. (4<-N.)
BLANKS-AND-PRIZES. Beans with boiled BLAUNCH. A Main. East.
bacon chopped up and mixed together; the BLAUNCHETTE. Pine wheaten flour. (A.-N.)
vegetable being termed a blank, and the meat With blaunchette and other flour,
a prize. Salop. To make thaim qwytter of colour.
R. de Bruvtie, MS* ffotvet, p. 20.
BLANK-SURRY. A dish in cookery. Seethe BLATJNCHMER. A kind of fur.
Forme of Cury, p. 100.
He ware a cyrcote that was grene;
BLANPEYN. Oxford white-loaves. (A.-N.) With blaunchmer it was furred, I wene.
BLANSCUE. A misfortune; an unexpected Syr Degort, 701.
accident. Somerset.
BLAUNCH-PERREYB. An ancient dish in
BLARE. (1) To put out the tongue. Yorksh.
cookery, the receipt for which is given in MS.
Palsgrave has "I bleare \uttx the tonge, je Rawl. 89, and also in a MS. quoted in the
tire la langue." Prompt. Parv. p. 242.
(2) To roar; to bellow; to bleat; to cry. BLAUNDESORE. A dish in ancient cookery 5
Var. dial
(3) To emblazon ; to display. Percy. sometimes, pottage. See the Feest, st. vi. ;
BLASE. To blazon arms. Chaucer. Warner's Antiq. Culin. p. 55 ; Pegge's Forme
BLASEFLEMYS. Blasphemies. of Cury, p. 26 ; MS. Sloane 1201, f. 50.
BLASH. (1) To splash. Also, to paint. North. BLAUNER. A kind of fur, very likely the
Anything wet or dirty is said to be blashy. same with blounchmer^ q. T. This term occurs
several times in Syr Gawayne, and also in
(2) Nonsense; rubbish. Line. Weak liquor is Lybeans Disconus, 117.
called blashment, and is said to be blashy. BLAUTCH. A great noise. North.
BL AS ON. The dress over the armour, on which BLAUTHY. Bloated. East.
the armorial bearings were blazoned. BLAVER. The corn blue-bottle. North. Also
Blasons blode and blankes they hewene.
Morte Arthwe, MS. Lincoln, f. 73. called the blawort.
BLASOtJR. A flatterer. Skinner. BLAWE. To blow. Elawand, Ywaine and
BLASS. The motion of the stars. Gawin, 340. Brockett says, " to breathe
BLASSEN. To illumine. Rider. thick and quick after violent exertion." Boi-#
BLAST. (1) Skinner gives a curious phrase, to blawe, to proclaim or make boast. See
Amis and Amiloun, 1203.
" blast of my meat," as current in Durham, For they were spente my boost to Waive,
meaning modest, abstemious. My name to bere on londe and see.
(2) To miss fire. Devon. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f, 16,
(3) An inflammation or wound, an ailment often BLAWINGr. A swelling. North.
attributed to the action of witchcraft. Somerset. BLAWNYNG. White-lead.
(4) To cast the eyes up in astonishment. Devon. BLAWUN. Censured. See the Apology for
(5) To boast. (A.-S.) the Lollards, p. 24. We still have the phrase
Thei thought in their hartes, and blasted emongest blown iip in the same sense.
theimselves that the Calicians -would leave the toune BLAWZE, A blossom. Jork&h.
desolate, andfliefor their savegard.— Hall, Henry VI. BLAY. Ablaze. Essex.
f. 49.
BLAYING. Soft speaking?
BLASTED. Hay beaten down by the wind is Tell her in your piteous Maying,
said to be blasted. North.
Her poor slave's unjust decaying.
Brit. Bibl i. 104.
BLASTEN. Blowed; breathed. Weber.
BLASY. To blaze ; set forth, Sfotton,
BLAZE. (1) According to Bkmnt. « blaze i*
 BLE 184 BLE
s certain fire which the inhabitants of Staf- BLEDDER. To cry. North.
fordshire, and some other counties, were wont, BLEDE. Blood.
and still do make, oil Twelf-eve, 5 Jan. at BLEDEN. To bleed. (^.-5.)
My sonys handy s ar so bledande,
night, in memory of the blazing-star that To loke on them MS. me lyste not Ffto . ii.
laghe.
conducted the three Magi to the manger at Cantab. 38, f. 48.
Bethlem." Glossographia, ed. 1681, p. 88. He fonde his ded wyf bledende.
Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 60.
Yule-logs were sometimes called blazes. See
Brand's Pop. Antiq. i. 256. _ BLEDEWORT. The wild poppy. See an early
(2) To take salmon by striking them with a list of plants in MS. Sloane 5, f. 3.
three pronged and barbed dart. North. BLED SAND. Bloody. Perhaps an error for
(3) A horse is said to be blazed when it has a bledeand in Croft's Excerpta Antiqua, p. 110.
white mark; and a tree, when marked for BLEE. Colour ; complexion. (A.-S.) Sometimes
sale. In America the term is applied to a contenance, feature. In Arthour and Merlin,
tree' partially or entirely stripped of its bark. p. 74, the great magician is represented as
See the Last of the Mohicans, ed. 1831,
appearing
A cloth of" silk in thre ble" on
sche wond him the
inne,same day.
p. 363.
(4) A pimple. Yorksh. That was of swithe feir ble. Legend. Cathol. p. 9.
BLAZING-STAR. A comet. BLEECH. The bleaching-ground. Hast.
BLEA. Yellow. North. Kennett, MS. Lansd. BLEED. To yield, applied to corn, which is
1033, refers this to the Icelandic. said to ttleedwell when it is productive on
BLEACHY. Brackish. Somerset. being thrashed. Var. dial.
BLEAD. Fruit. Verstegan. BLEEDING-BOIST. A cupping-glass.
Bleaking- BLEEDING-HEART. The wall-flower. West.
BLEAK. (1) To bleach. South. BLEEP. Remained. Caxton. Blefede occurs
house, Middleton, v. 106.
(2) Pale with cold, according to Kennett, MS. in Octovian, 507, and bleft, 1540.
Lansd. 1033. " To waxe pale or blea&e" BLEFF. Turbulent ; noisy. East.
is the translation of llesmir in Hollyband's BLEFFIN. A block; a wedge. Lane. Bleffin-
Dictionarie, 1593. See Bkifa. head, a blockhead.
(3) Sheepish. East. BLEIKE. To turn pale. (A.-S.)
BLE ART. To scold; to make a noise. Var. And thanne gan bleiken here ble, that arst lowen so
dial loude. Wright's Pol. Songs, p. 311.
BLEAT. Cold; bleak. Kent. This form is BLEINE. A pustule. (A.-S.) See Rom. of the
given by Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033. Rose, 553 ; Reliq. Antiq. i. 301.
BLEATER. Mutton. A cant term occurring BLEKE. Black. Prompt. Parv.
BLEKYT. Blacked.
in Brome's Joviall Crew, or the Merry Beg-
BLELYCHE. Blithely.
372. gars, 1652. See Dodsley's Old Plays, x. The thryd commaundement yn oure lay,
Ys holde weyl thyn halyday,
BLEAUNT. A kind of rich cloth ; also, a robe And come blelyche to the servyse.
or mantle. The term occurs in Syr Gawayne. MS. Harl 1701, f. 6.
The bliaut was a garment something similar BLEMESTE. Most powerful.
to the smock-frock of the present day. Strutt, For he that es blemeste with ys hrade brande blyue
ii. 42. Blihand and llehand occur in Sir schalle he never. Morte Arthure, MS. Lincoln, f. 80.
Tristrem, pp. 156, 157, in the first sense. A BLEMISH. A term in hunting, when the
cloak is still called a Uiand in the North of hounds or beagles, finding where the chase
England. [Bleaut ?] has been, make a proffer to enter, but return.
In ay riche bleant was he clad,
Lang berd to the brest he had. BLEMMERE. A plumber. " Masones and car-
Guy of Warwick, Middlehill MS. penters and filemmeres*' are mentioned in the
The strok of the spere it gan glide Chron. Vilodun. p. 102,
Bituen the arsoun and his side ; BLEMMLE. To mix anything with a fluid by
His blihant he carf, his schert also. motion, as the mixing of flour with water.
Gy of Warwike, p. 208. North.
BLEB. A drop of water ; a bubble. Also, to BLENCH. (1) To start, or fly off; to flinch ; to
drink. Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033, " a blister, draw back. (A.-S.} Also a substantive, a
a blain." North. - start or deviation.
BLECH. Water in which hides have been
tanned. Cooper, in his ed. of Elyot, 1559, (2)MS. A glimpse.
Glossary. Warw. This isseems
Shakespeare from Sharp'sto use
translates nautea, " currious blech," i, e. cur- blench in the sense of, to wink, to glance.
riers' bleach. Hamlet, ii. 2.
BLECHE. White. (A.-N.) And thus thinkende I stonde still
Sora on for sche is pale and blechb, Without blenchinge of mine eie.
Som on for sche is softe of speche. Gower, ed. 1554, f. 128.
Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 142. o) To impeach ; to betray. Staff.
BLECHIS. Blotches. See the Archaeologia, *4) A fault. North.
xxx. 356. (LENCORN. Wheat mixed with rye. YorJcsh:
BLECKEN. To make black. Kennett's Glos- Peas and beans mixed together are called
sary, MS. Lansd. 1033,
 BLE 185 BLI
BLEND. To pollute. Spenser. BLESSEDLOCURRE. Blessedly.
BLENDE. (1) One of the ores of zinc, com- Blessedlocurre jyf he myjt he ladJe hurre lyff.
Chron. Vilodun. p. 76.
posed ofiron, zinc, sulphur, silex, and water ;
on being scratched, it emits a phosphoric light, BLESSING-FIRES. Midsummer Fires. West.
Called blend-metal hy Kenuett, MS. Lansd, See Brand's Pop. Antiq. i. 176. Blessing the
1033. fire out is an operation still in vogue in Suffolk
(2) To blind. (A.-S.) Blind, Rob, Glouc.p.407. for a burn or scald, consisting chiefly in re-
Blinded, p. 300. volving awetted finger in magic circles round
BLENDIGO. Cloudy. the afflicted part, the movement being accom-
BLEND-WATER. An inflammatory disease panied with suitable incantations.
liable to black cattle. North. BLETCH. Black, viscous, greasy matter; the
BLENGE. To hinder. Apparently a variation of grease of wheel-axles. Staff.
BLETHELICHE. Freely; blithely; joyfully. See
blench. It occurs in Tusser's Husbandry, p. 287. the Sevyn Sages, 503 ; Leg. Cathol. p. 33.
BLENKARD. A person near-sighted, or almost
blind. North. A fighting-cock with only one Blethty occurs in Prompt. Parv. p. 40, wrongly
eye is called a blenker. printed lleyly.
By ensample of Octovian the Emperour, and so
BLENKE. To glance at. Also, to shine. Blen- forth aftir of other princes that suche doctrinis
&et, appeared, looked. BlenJc, "wince, Lang- and techinges btetheliche underfongede. — MS. Douce
toft, p. 115. 291, f . 4.
That thou wakyng thenkes, BLETHER. A bladder. Var. Dial. Also, to
Before thy yjen hy t blerikya. MS. Harl. 1701, f. 3.
The beryue blerikes for bale, and alle his ble chaunges. make a great noise. Line.
Morte Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f. 97. BLETINGE. Flaming. (A.-S.)
Though shee bee a vixon, shee will blenke blithly Througe my breste bone ttetinge he borned.
Cheater Plays, i. 134.
on you for my cause.
Two Lancashire Lovers, 1640, p. 19. BLEVE. To stay. (A.-S.)
BLENKS. Ashes. West. BLEVYNGE. Remnant. Prompt. Parv.
BLENKY. To snow a little. Devon. BLEW-BLOW. The corn-flower. See 'Gerard,
BLENS. A fish, gadus larlatm. p. 594 ; Cotgrave in v. Aulifoin, Blaveoles ;
BLENSCHYNE. To darken; to blemish, Prompt. Florio, in v. Cr6.no.
Parv.
BLEWING. Blue paint. See Cunningham's
BLENT. (1) Blinded. (A.-S.) Revels Accounts, p. 132.
Woordes faire whane favel fedeth the, BLEWIT. A Mnd of fungus. North.
Be thu not blent for his fals flatery. BLEW-OUT. Breathed hard; puffed. Ritson.
MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 155. BLEWYN. To remain. (A.-S.)
(2 Mixed. ShaJc. Thanne late it be wronge thoru a cloute,
(3 Started aside ; shrunk. (//.-£.) And pore in the ere at ewyn,
(4 Ceased. Percy. And of the ewyll xal nothynge bletvyn*
Arch, xxx, 352.
(5 Destroyed ; polluted.
My Hesperus by cloudy death is blent. BLEXTERE. A person who blacks. Prompt.
Greenes Workst \. ft. Pans.
(6) Glanced. BLEYE. Blue. See Cod. Man. Eccl. Cath,
But evere me mentte, Dunelm. Catal. p. 34.
One me hyt blentte BLEYKE. To bleach,
Wyth laughyng chere. MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 122. BLEYNASSE. Blindness.
BLENYNG. Blistering. (A.-S.) See Piers God send suche Ueynasse thus jaylardus to,
Ploughman, p. 468. Blenyn, to arise, to That with hurr ynon they sey no sy5t.
bubble up, Arch. xxx. 394. Chron. Vilodttn. p. 82.
BLENYTE. Blenched ; winked. 3LEYST AKE. A bleacher. Prompt. Parv.
Nuste heo hyrsulf wanne yt was, ne Uenyte nojt ene. 3LIAKE. A bar of wood fixed horizontally on
HO&. Gluuc. p. 338.
the ground with holes to take the soles of a
BLEREN. To blear ; to make a person's sight hurdle while the maker wreaths it. Dorset.
dim, impose upon him. (A.-S.) To " blere BLICE. Lice. North.
his eye," to impose upon him, a very common BLICKENT. Bright ; shining. West.
phrase. See Reliq. Antiq. ii. 211 ; Wright's BLID. An interjection. Lane.
Seven Sages, pp. 48, 77, 100; Tyrwhitt's BLIDS. Wretches. Devon.
Chaucer, iv. 202; Skelton, ii. 98; Richard BLIGH. Lonely; dull. Kent.
Coer de Lion, 3708 ; Ipomydon, 1420 ; Rom. BLIGHTED. (1) Blasted, applied to corn.
of the Rose, 3912 ; Urry's Chaucear, p. 534.
Blernyed, blear-eyed, Depos. Ric. II. p. 13. Var. dial-
BLESCHYNE. To extinguish a fire. Prompt. (2) Stifled. Oxon.
Parv. BLIKEN. (1) To quiver. (A.-S.)
And. his lippes shulle bliken,
BLESE. A blaze. Prompt. Parv. And his hondes shulle quaken. Rellq.Jntiq. i.65.
BLESS. To wave or brandish a sword. Spenser.
In the example from Ascham, quoted by (2) To shine. (A.-S.)
Hire bleo blykyeth so bryht.
Nares, it probably means to wound, from the So feyr heo is ant fyn,
French bksser. RifecnV Ancient Sfeni*, p. 27.
 ELI 186 BLO
BLIM. To gladden. Prompt. Parv. (3) To smile ; to look kindly, generally applied
Who so him feyneth hem to nime, to females. North. A substantive, Test, of
Forth with hem men schal him blim. Creseide, 226.
BUN. See Blinne.
Gy of WarwiTce, p. 205. (4) According to Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033, "a
term in setting, when the dog is afraid to
BLINCH. To keep off. make his point, but being over-aw'd, comes
BLIND. (1) " The blind eat many a fly, an back from theSharp,
BLINKED. sent. " stale, applied to beer.
old proverb; and Heywood wrote a play Kennett and Skinner have the word as be-
under this title. The elder Heywood intro-
duces it in Ms collection, and it also occurs longing toCheshire and Lincolnshire respec-
in Northbrooke's Treatise, ed. Collier, pp. 60, tively. Forby gives the term a different
117. meaning; "the beer which we call blinked
has no acidity, but an ill flavour peculiar to
(2) Floriofor translate s blinda, "a certame fence
made skouts and sentinells, of bundels of
reeds, canes, or osiers, to hide them from BLINKER. A term of contempt. North.
being scene of the enemy, called ofChristina our sol- BLINKS.
itself." Cotgrave has, " Bristes, boughes
diers aKind." He also mentions a s rent by hunters from trees, and left in the
view of a deere, or cast overthwart the way
game, called Blind is the cat, in v. Gdtta wherein he is likely to passe, thereby to
orda, perhaps blind-man's buff.and herbs. Var. hinder his running, and to recover him the
(3) Abortive, applied to flowers
better; our wood-men call them UinJces"
(4) Obscure. Gosson, in his Schoole of Abuse, BLINNE. To cease. (A.-S.) Also, to stop, to
1579, mentions Chenas, " a Hind village in delay. See Chaucer, Cant. T. 16639 ; Ritson's
comparison of Athens." See also Holinshed, Songs, i. 28, 49; Wright's Pol. Songs, p.
212; Death of Robert, Earl of Huntingdon,
Hist. Ireland, p. 24 ; Cotgrave, in v. Destour.
"A blind ditch," Holinshe Hist. England, d, p. 93 ; Chron. Yilodun. p. 60 ; Romeus and
p. 200. " A blind letter that wil in short Juliet, p. 17 ; Sir Cleges, 133, Ben Jonson,
time be worne out," Nomenclator, p. 9. vi. 289, has it as a substantive.
BLIND-BALL. A fungus. Var. dial. BLIRT. To cry. North.
BLIND-BU CK-AND-D AVY. Blind-man's buff. BLISCED. Blessed.
He blisced Ga way net,
Somerset. And Gueheres,Arthour
and Gaheriet.
BLIND-BUZZART. A cockchafer. Salop. and Merlin, p 174.

BLINDERS. Blinkers. North. A blinding- BLISFUL. Joyful; blessed. (^.-£)

bridle, a bridle with blinkers. BLISH-BLASH. Sloppy dirt. North.
BLINDFELLENE. To blindfold. Pr. Parv.
BLISSE. (1) To bless. (A.-S.)
BLIND-HOB. Blind-man's buff. See the No- (2) To wound. (Fr.)
.
menclator, p298. The term is still in use, BLISSENE. Of joys, gen. pi. (A.-S.)
according to Forby. Love is Wissene meat, love is hot jare.
Wi-ighfa Anev. Lit. p. 96u
BLIND-HOOKY. A game at cards.
BLINDING-BOARD. Florio has, "Blinda, a BLISSEY. Ablaze. Wilts.
BLISSOM. Blithesome. Var. dial The term
blinding lord for a curst cow." is applied to the ewe when marts appetens,
BLIND-MAN'S-BUFF. A well-known children's
game, traced by Strutt to an early period. A and occasionally to the male.
kind of puff-ball is so called. BLIST. (1) Blessed. See Percy's Reliques,
BLIND-MAN'S-HOLYDAY. Darkness. Var. p. 80. Blisteing, blessing, Amis and Amiloun,
dial. Florio has, •' Feridto, vacancy from la- 127 ; Misted, blessed, ib. 344.
bour, rest from worke, llindman's holyday." (2) Rejoiced? (,/.-£)
BLIND-MARES. Nonsense. Devon. The lioun bremly on tham Wist.
Ywaine and Gawin, 3163.
BLIND-NETTLE. "Wild hemp. Devon. BLIT. Blighty. Dorset.
BLINDS. A term given to a black fluor about
the vein in a mine. See Ray's English Words, BLITH. Face ; visage. See Kennett's Glos-
ed. 1674, sary, MS. Lansd. 1033.
Lansd. 1033.p. 118 ; Kennett's Glossary, MS. BLIVE. Quickly; immediately. See Belize.
BLIND-SIM. Blind-man's buff. East. Cf. EUis's Met. Rom. ii. 334 ; Robin Hood,
BLIND-THARM. The bowel-gut. Durham. i. 125; Lauufal, 702; Erie of Tolous, 1060;
This term is given by Kennett, MS. Lansd. Chron* ViL p. 70; Troilus and Creseide,
1033. (A.«SJ) i. 596.
BLIND-WORM. A slow-worm. Formerly BLO. Blue ; livid. More particularly the ap-
considered venomous, and still dreaded in pearance of flesh after a good beating. It is
some parts of the country for its supposed the gloss offulvus in Reliq. Antiq. i. 8,
noxious qualities. Clerkes ben to him y-go j
BLINE. A kind of wood. SHnner. Guy they find blacke and bio.
BLINK. (1) A spark of fire, glimmering or in- Elite's Met. Rom. ii. 13,
termittent light. West. BLO A. Cold; raw. Line.
(2) To evade. Yorksh. BLOACH. A tumour. SMnner.
 187
BLO
BLO
BLO ACHE R. Any large animal. North. smeared, and refers to the clotted, matted
BLOAT. To dry by smoke. More latterly ap- blood of Banquo, who had " twenty trenched
plied exclusively to bloat-herrings or bloaters, - gashes on his head." In the two early in-
which are dried herrings. stances of the word, Malone's Shakespeare,
BLOAZE. Ablaze. North. xi. 206, Collier, vii. 157, it clearly means mat-
BLOB. (1) A blunt termination to a thing that ted or clotted ; although the term may have a
is usually more pointed. A blob nose, one with slight variation of meaning in its provincial
a small bump on it at the end. Huloet has, sense. See Baiter. According to Sharp's
MS. Warwickshire Glossary, snow is said to
"blobbe cheked, buccones,buculentus" Water-
blobs are water-lilies. Also a small lump of "baiter together, and Batchelor says, " hasty
anything thick, viscid, or dirty. pudding is said to be loitered when much of
(2) The lower lip. the flower remains in lumps." Orthoepical
Analysis, 1809, p. 126.
Wit hung her&toft, ev'n Humour seem'd to mourn.
Collins* Miscellanies, 1?62, p. 122. BLOOD-FALLEN. Chill-blamed. East. Also
(3) A bubble ; a blister. North. blood-shot, as in Arch. xxx. 404.
BLOBER. A bubble. Palsgrave. BLOODING. A black pudding. See Towneley
BLOB-MILK. Milk with its cream mingled. Myst. p. 89 ; Etyot, in v. Apexabo ; Nomenda-
Yorteh.
BLOB-SCOTCH. A bubble. Yorksh. tor, p. 87 ; Topsell's Beasts, p. 248.
BLOOD-OLPH. A bullfinch. East.
BLOCK. (1) The -wooden mould on which the BLOOD-STICK. A short heavy stick used by
jrown of a hat is formed. Hence it was also farriers to strike their lancet when bleeding a
ised to signify the form or fashion of a hat. horse.
Yes, in truth, we have Mocks for all heads ; we BLOOD-SUCKER. A leech. Var. dial.
have good store of wild oats here.Jlfidtffcftm, Hi. 107-
JBLOODY-BONE. The name of an hobgoblin,
(2) The Jack at the game of bowls. See Florio, formerly a fiend much feared by children. The
in v. Buttiro, Ltcco.
BLOCKER. A broadaxe. North. Sometimes " WyU of the DevylT is said to be " written
by our faithful secretaries, hobgoblin, rawhed,
called a blocking-axe. and oloodylone, in the spitefull audience of all
BLOCK-HORSE. A strong wooden frame with
four handles, usually called a hand-barrow, the court of hell." See Horio,ed, 1611 , pp. 73,
297.
for the purpose of carrying blocks. East. BLOODY-THURSDAY. The Thursday of the
BLOCKSTICK. A club ; a cudgel. North. The first week in Lent.
term occurs in Reliq. Antiq. i, 84. BLOODY-WARRIOR. The wall-flower. West.
BLOCK-WHEAT. Buck-wheat. See Cotgrave,
in v. Dragee. Sometimes called bloody-waHier.
BLOOM. (1) Amass of iron which has gone a
BLODY. By blood ; of, or in, blood. (A.-S.) second time through the furnace. Kennett,
BLOGGY. To sulk ; to be sullen. Exmoor. MS. Lansd. 1033, mentions a rent for ovens
BLOMAN. A trumpeter.
and furnaces called bloom-smithy-rent.
BLOME. (1) To nourish. Ps. Cott.
(2) To shine ; to throw out heat. Bloomy, very
(2) A blossom.
BLOME-DOWN, Clumsy ; clownish. Dorset. hot. The hot stages of a fever are called
blooms.
BLOMMER. Noise ; uproar. SJceUon. BLOOTH. Blossom. Devon.
BLONC. "White. In Reliq. Antiq. L 37, we BLORE. (1) To bellow. North.
have, " ellelorum album, alebre llonc"
BLONCKET. Grey. Spenser. (2) A blast.
BLOND RIN. To toil ; to bluster ; to blunder. BLORYYNE. To weep. Prompt. Parv.
Chaucer. BLOSCHEM. A blossom.
Inschomer, when the leves spryng,
BLONK. Sullen. Also, to disappoint. North. The Uoschems on every bowe.
BLONKE. A steed; a war-horse. tobm Hood, I. 82.
Myghte no Uorikes theme bere, thos bustous churlles. BLOSLE. A blossom.
Morte Arthurs, MS. Lineotn, £. 60.
That oon held yn hys barme
BLONT. Dull ; heavy. Chaucer. A mayde y-clepte ^n hys arme,
BLOO. To blow. As bryght as blosle on brere.
Thare thay sawe stormes bloo. Isumbrast 215. L.v&ww* Ditcnnus, 579.
BLOOC, The block or trunk of a tree. Prompt. BLOSME. To blossom, Piers Ploughman, p. 85 ;
Pare. Chaucer, Cant. T. 9336. A blossom, Chaucer,
BLOOD. A kind of generic title, as " poor Cant. T. 3324. J3losm?n, blossoms, Ritson's
little blood" applied to a child. Somerset. Ancient Songs, p. 31. Blosmy, full of blos-
The term is used by Shakespeare in the sense soms, Chaucer, Cant. T. 9337. {4.-S.)
of disposition. BLOSS. A ruffled head of hair. Line,
BLOOD-ALLEY. A marble taw. BLOSSOMED. The state of cream in the ope-
BiOQD-BOLTERED. Matted with blood. So ration of churning, when it becomes foil of
much has been written on this Shakespearian aix, whka makes a loag and tedious time to
phrase that a few observations on it may rea- get it to butter. Norf.
Mraably be expected here. It means more than BLOT. A term at the game at backgammon, a
 188 BLU
BLO
man in danger of being taken up being called (2) Apparently the egg of a bee, Harrison's De.
a blot. The word has been long in use, and scription of England, p. 229.
is found in Florio, ed. 1611, p. 73. BLOW-MAUNGER. A full fat-faced person ;
BLOTCH-PAPER. one whose cheeks seem puffed out. Exmoor.
Blotting paper. Var. dial BLOW-MILK.
BLOTE. Dried. Skimmed milk. North.
BLOTEN. Excessively fond. North. BLOWN. Swelled; inflated. Hence, proud,
insolent. Also, stale, worthless. A cow or
BLOTHER. To chatter idly. North. Super-
beast is said to be blown, when in pain from
fluous verbiage is called llotherment, and a
blathered.
the fermentation of green food. Meat im-
stupid person is said to be
I blunder, I bluster, I blowe, and I bluther; pregnated with the eggs of flies is called blown,
I make on the one day, and I marre on the other. and bloated herrings are frequently termed
Skelton's Works, i. 259. blown-herrings.
The eggs of moths. Kennett's Glos- BLOW-POINT. A children's game, conjectured
BLOTS.sary, MS. Lansd. 1033. by Strutt to consist in blowing an arrowthrough
BLOUDSUPPER. A murderer ; a blood-sucker. a trunk at certain numbers by way of lottery.
See Bale's Kynge Johan, p. 43 ; Hall, Richard Nares thinks it was blowing small pins or
III. f. 9. points against each other. See Apollo Shro-
BLOUGHTY. Swelled ; puffed. Hall. ving, 1627, p. 49 ; Hawkins' Engl. Dram. iii.
BLOUNCHET. Blanched ; whitened. 243 ; Strutt's Sports, p. 403 ; Florio, ed. 1611,
Take almondes, and grynde horn when thai byn
blounchet, and tempur horn on fysshe day wyth wyn, BLOWRE.
p. 506. A pustule. (Teut.}
and on flesheday with broth of flesh. BLOWRY. Disordered ; untidy. Warw.
Ordinances and Regulations, p. 429.
BLOWS. Trouble; exertion. Salop.
BLOUSE. A bonnet ; a woman with hair or BLOWT. To make a loud complaining noise.
head-dress loose and disordered, or decorated North.
with vulgar finery. East. Thoresby has, " a BLOWTH. A blossom. West. The term is
blowse or blawze, proper to women, a blos- used by Sir Walter Raleigh. See Diversions
som, a wild rinish girl, proud light skirts ;" of Purley, p. 622.
and Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033, " a girl or BLOXFORD. A jocular and satirical corruption
wench whose face looks red by running abroad
in the wind and weather, is calld a llouZj and of the name of Oxford, quasi Block's-ford, or
the ford of Blockheads. Nares.
said to have a blouzing colour." The word BLOYSH. Blueish.
occurs in this last sense in Tusser, p. 24 ; Smale bloysh flouris owt of hym lawnchis.
Arch. xxx. 373
Hey wood's Edward IV. p. 62 ; Clarke's Phrase-
ologia Puerilis, 1655, p. 380; Kennett's Glos- BLU. Blew.
BLUB. To sweU.
To be sary,inp.30. Bloiuesse,
a blouse, Hall's
to look red Satires, p. 4.a
from heat, BLUBBER. (1) A bubble. East. The verV
phrase that is used by Goldsmith in the Vicar occurs in Syr Gawayne,
of Wakefield. In some glossaries, blousy, wild,
disordered, confused. (2) To cry. Var. dial " By these blubber'd
cheeks," Dido, Queen of Carthage, p. 56.
BLOUTE. Bloody. (^.-5.) BLUBBER-GRASS. Different species of bro-
BLOU3MAN. A ploughman. mus, from their soft inflated glumes ; in par-
And swarttore than evere ani blow$man,
With foule farinde chere. MS. Laud. 108, f. 159. ticular mollis, which infests barren pastures.
East.
BLOW. (1) A blossom. Also a verb, to blos- BLUE. (1) Bloom. Devon.
som. Var. dial,
(2) A bladder. Devon. (2) Ale. Somerset.
(3) A word used by the head of a body of reap- (3) To " look blue," to look disconcerted, a com-"
ers. He cries " blow I" when, after a fatiguing mon phrase. " True blue will never stain,"
exertion, it is time to take breath. another phrase mentioned by Strutt, ii. 215.
BLOW-BALL. The corn-flower. Bloweth, A blue-apron statesman is a tradesman who
meddles with politics.
tlaverole, Reliq. Antiq. ii. 80.
Her treading would not bend a blade of grass, BLUE-BOTTLE. A term of reproach for a
Or shake the downy blow-ball from his stalk ! servant or beadle, their dresses having formerly
Sad Sheph&'d, p. 8. been blue.
BLOWBELLOWS. A pair of bellows. Salop.
BLOWBOLL. A drunkard. BLUE-BOTTLES.
among wheat. Oxon. The blue
• flowers which grow'
Thou blynkerd blowboll, thou wakyst to late. BLUE-CAPS. Meadow scabious. Yorfoh.
Skelton's Works, i. 23. Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033, mentions a kind
of stone so called.
BLOWE. To blow ; to breathe. (^.-£) " His
browys began to blowe," to perspire ? Tor- BLUE-ISAAC. The hedge-sparrow. Glow.
rent of Portugal, p. 11. BLUE-JOHN. Fluorspar. Derbysh.
BLOWER. A fissure in the broken strata of BLUE-MILK. Old skimmed milk. Yorfoh. In
coal, from which a feeder or current of inflam- London milk is often called sky-Hue.
mable air discharges. North. BLUE-VINNIED. Covered with blue mould.
BLOWING. (1) A blossom, Wilts, South.
 BLU 189 BOA
But blustreden forth as beestea
BLUFF. (1) Surly; churlish. South.
Over bankes and hilles. Piers Ploughman, p. 10&
(2) A tin. tube through, which boys blow peas.
Suffolk. BLUSTROUS. Blustering. Var. dial.
(3) To blindfold. North. Bluf ted, hoodwinked. BLUTER. Dirty. See Robin Hood, i. 105,
Bluffs, blinkers. Line. Also a verb, to blot, to dirty, to blubber.
BLUFFER. A landlord of an inn. North. Jamieson has, " blutterj a term o
BLUFFIN. To bluster; to swagger. Staff.
BLUFTERS. Blinkers. Line. reproach, Dumfr."
BLUTTER. To speak nonsensically.
BLUNDER. (1) Confusion; trouble. Also a BLUV. To believe. East.
verb, to disturb, as in Palsgrave. BLW. (1) Blew. Gaw.
Thus hold thay us hunder,
Thus thay bryng us in blonde)'. Gryndylstons in grwell with tho blw brothes.
(2) Blue. Reliq. 4ntiq. i. 8
Toumeley Mysteries, p. 98.
(2) To blunder water, to stir or puddle, to make BLY. Likeness ; resemblance. East. It is a
it thick and muddy. This is given as aYorkshire provincial form of blee} q. v.
word by Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033. BLYCANDE. Shining; glittering. (^.-£)
BLUNDERBUSS. A stupid fellow. North. BLYDE. Blithe ; glad. (A.-S.)
BLUNGE. To blend, or break whilst in a state BLYFE. Quickly. See Elwe.
of maceration; a term used by potters. A The world bedyth me batayll blyfe.
MS. Cantab. JFf, ii. 38, f. 16.
Hunger is a long flat wooden instrument, with
a cross handle at the top, used for mixing or Florent told her also blyf. Octovian, 725.
dissolving clay in water. BLYKKED. Shone; glistened. (^.-£)
BLUNK. (1) A steed. Gaw. BLYLK. Splendour? (A.-S.) See Cat. Douce
(2) Squally ; tempestuous. East. Also, to snow, MSS. p. 36. Perhaps an error for blyss.
to emit sparks. Any light flaky body is called BLYNK. To blind?
a blunk. A blunk of weather is a fit of stormy We Englysmen theron shulde thynke,
weather. That envye us nat btynk. MS. Hart. 1701, f. 28.
BLUNKET. A white stuff, probably woollen. BLYSCHEDE. Started.
Gaw. A light blue colour is so called. See The lady btyschede up in the bedde,
Scho saw the clothes alle by-blede.
Topsell's Beasts, p. 461; Florio, ed. 1611, MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 99.
p. 478 ; Cotgrave, in v. Inde. The kyag blyschit one the beryne with his brode eghne.
BLUNT. At tops, when the top flies away out Morte Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f. 54.
of the hand without spinning, "that's a BLYSSYD. Wounded. (^.-M)
Hunt." Cotgrave has, " batre lefer, to play Whenne I hym had a strok i-fet»
at blunt, or at foyles." It is also a well-known And wolde have blyssyd hym bet,
slang term for money. No moo strokes wolde he abyde.
BLUR. A blot. North. Blurry, a mistake, a Richard Coer de Lion, 546.
BLYSTE. Actively?
blunder. " Broght on blure," deceived, ridi-
culed, Towneley Mysi p. 310. Some copies To be thaire beschope blethely thay bedde the so
of Pericles, iv. 4, read blurred instead of blyste. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 233.
blurted. BLYTHE. Appearance.
BLURT. An interjection of contempt. " Blurt, Loke thy naylys ben clene in btythe,
Lest thy felaghe lothe therwyth.
master constable," a fig for the constable, BoTce of CurtotyCj p> 3.
seems to have been a proverbial phrase. To i
blurt at, to hold in contempt. Nares. Florio BO. (1) A hobgoblin. North.
translates boceheggidre, " to make mouthes or i
blurt with ones lips ;" and chicchere, " a Hurt (2)
(3) 'Both.
But. Hearne.
with ones fingers, or blurt with ones mouth BOALLING. Drinking. See Stanihnrst's De-
scription, ofIreland, p. 16.
in scorne or derision." See Howell's English And I would to God that in our time also wee
Proverbs, p. 14 ; Middleton, iii. 30 ; Malone's had not just cause to complaine of this vicious
Shakespeare, xxi. 162.
Yes, that I am for fault of a better, quoth he. plant of unmeasurable boalling. Lambarde's Per-
ambulation, 159G, p. 356.
Why then, blurt/ maister constable, sales the other}
and clapping spurres to his horse, gallop'd away
BOAR. A clown. See Howell, sect, xxii ; and
amalne. Jests to make you Merie, 1607, p-6, its synonymes.
BLUSH. Resemblance ; look. Blushe, to look ; BOAR-CAT. A Tom-cat. Kent.
and blusschande, blushing, glittering, occur in BOARD. (1) To address; to accost.
Syr Gawayne. To blush up, to clear up, to be (2) An old cant term for a shilling. See Mid-
fine, spoken of the weather. dleton's Works, ii. 542 ; Earle's Microcosmo-
BLUSHET. One who blushes.
graphy, p. 254 ; Brit. Bibl. ii. 521.
BLUST. Erysipelatous inflammation. Yorfoh. (3) A kind of excavation. North.
BLUSTERATION. Blustering. North. BOARD. SeeBorde.
BLUSTER-WOOD. The shoots of fruit trees or BOARDER. Made of board. West.
shrubs that require to be pruned out. East. BOARDING-BRIDGE. A plank laid across a
BLUSTREN. To wander or stray along without running stream as a substitute for a bridge,
any particular aim. West.
 BOB 190 BOC

BOAR-SEG. A pig kept as a brawn for three BOBBISH. Pretty well in health; not quite
or four years. Salop. A gelded boar is called sober; somewhat clever. Far. dial.
a boar-staff. BOBBLE-COCK. A turkey-cock. North.
BOAR-THISTLE. The carduus lanceolatus, Lin. BO BBS. According to Kennett, MS. Lansd.
Poems, 1033, " the potters put their leaded hollow
BOB. (1) To cheat. SeeLydgate's Minor Thomas wares into shragers, i. e. course metalld pots
p. 261; Sevyn Sages, 2246; Sir made of marie, wherein they put commonly
More, montp.and 19; Shak. iii.Soc. Pap. i. 22; Beau- three pieces of clay calld bobbs for the ware to
Fletcher, 484.
stand on, and to keep it from sticking to the
(2) A taunt or scoff. To " give thethehob," a phrase
equivalent to that of giving door, or im- shrager." Staff.
posing upon a person. BOBBY. The(1)clooth
To strike
byfore; to
thi hit,
eyen to,
(3) A blow. See Cotgrave, in v. Blanc; 2 To bobby the thay knyt MS.hitAddit.
so. 11748, f. 145.
Promos and Cassandra, iiL 2; Billingsly 's
Brachy-Ma rtyrologi a, 1657, p. 168; Tusser,
(2) Smart ; neat. TheNorth.common wren. East.
p. 315 ; Withals' Dictionarie, ed. 1608, p. 229, BOBBY- WREN.
(4) A louse; any small insect, Hants. "Spiders, BOB-CHERRY. A children's game, consisting
bobbs, and lice," are mentioned in MS. Addit. in jumping at cherries above then* heads, and
11812, f. 16.
trying to catch them with their mouths.
(5) To fish. Worth A particular method of BOBET. A buffet or stroke. Prompt. Parv.
taking eels, called loUing, is described in BOBETTE. Buffeted. The Oxford MS. reads
Blome's Gent. Rec. ii. 185. boiled, as quoted in Warton, ii. 106.
(6) . . Whyche man here abowte lobette the A.laste.
MS. Cott. Calig. ii. f. loa
(7) The engine beam. North.
(8) Pleasant; agreeable. Dyche. BOBETTS. Thick pieces. " Bobetts of grete
f 9) A bunch. North. elys" are mentioned in the Reliq. Antiq. i. 306.
They saw also thare vynes growe with wondere BOBOLYNE. A stupid person ?
grete bobbis of grapes, for a mane myjte unnethez Be we not bobotynes,
bere ane of thatne. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 42. Sutch lesinges to beleve. Ske2ton, ii. 445.
(10) To disappoint. North. BOBTAIL. (1) To cut off the tail. See Stani-
(11) The pear-shaped piece of lead at the end of hurst's Description of Ireland, p. 24.
carpenter's or mason's level.
East. line of a
the (2) In archery, the steel of a shaft or arrow that
is small-breasted, and big towards the head.
Kersey.
(12) " Bear a boh," be brisk. East.
(13) A joke; a trick. BOBY. Cheese. West.
BOBAN. Pride; vanity. (A.-N.} See Chaucer, BOC. A book. Rob. Glouc.
Cant. T. 6151 ; Tyrwhitt, iv. 224 ; Lydgate's BOCARDO. The old north gate at Oxford, taken
Minor Poems, p. 25 ; Octovian, 1550. down in the last century. It was formerly
So prout he is, and of so gret boban. used as a prison for the lower sort of crimi-
Gy ofWarwike, p. 95.
And am y-come wyth the to n^t nals, drunkards, bad women, and poor debtors.
For al thy grete bobbaunce- MS. Ashmole 33, f . 5 It was also a term for a particular kind of
BOB-AND-HIT. Blind-man's-buff. This name syllogism; but there does not appear to be
of the game is given by Cotgrave, in v. Senate. any connexion between the two words. See
BOBBANT. Romping. Wilts. Ridley's Works, p. 359 ; Middleton, ii. 120.
BOBBEROUS. Saucy ; forward. West. Mr. BOCASIN. A kind of buckram. See Bono,
Hartshorne says bobber is a familiar term ap- ed. 1611, p. 63; Howell, sect. xxv.
plied good-naturedly to any one. BOCCONE. A morsel.
BOBBERY. A squabble ; a tumult. Var. dial. BOCE. To emboss. Palsgrave.
BOBBIDEN. Buffeted; struck. See the Re- BOCELERIS. Bucklers ; shields. Weber.
liq.Antiq.ii.45, 47. BOCHANT. A forward girl. Wilts.
Take hede whan that cure Saveoure BOCHE. A swelling ; a boil. (A.-N.)
Was bobbidt and his visige alle be-spet.
Occfow, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 271. BOCHER. A butcher. Weber. " Bochery,"
Ye thoght ye had a full gqde game, butchery, butchers' meat, Table Book, p. 147.
Cf. Piers Ploughman, p. 14 ; Ordinances and
When ye my sone with buffettes bobbydd.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 47. Regulations, p. 92. A fish called a bocher is
mentioned in Brit. Bibl. ii. 490.
They darapnede hym, despysede hyrn, and spytte BOCHIS. Bushes.
in his faire face : they hillide his enghne» and bobbyd
hym, and withe many dispysynges and reprevynges Or upon bochis grown slone or hawes,
^they travelde hym hougely. So ofte and oft^er I sygh for yowre sake.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 180. MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6,f.l2.
BOBBIN. A small fagot. Kent. BOCHOUSE. A library.
BOBBING-BLOCK. A block that persons can BOCHT. Bought. Kennett.
strike ; an unresisting fool. BOCK, Fear. Devon.
Became a foole, yea more then that, an asse, BOCKE. Palsgrave has, " I boeke, I belche, je
A bobbing-blocke, a beating stocke, an owle. rowcte. I bocke upon one, I loke upon hym
Gascoigne's Devises, p. 337. disdaynfully to provoke hym.to anger,./* aposte*
 191
BOD BOG
I bocke as a tode dothe, I make a noyse, je BODLE. A small coin, worth about the thir-
groulle" See his Table of Verbes, f. 169. part of a halfpenny, not " imaginary," a.i
Booking, flowing out, Kobin Hood, i. 103. stated in the Hailamshire Glossary. North.
BOCKEREL. A long-winged hawk. BODRAGE. A border excursion. Spenser has
B( >CKNE. To teach ; to press upon. the term, and it also occurs in Holinshed,
BOCLE. A buckle. Chron, of Ireland, p. 172. Bodrakes, State
BOCRAME. Buckram. Papers, ii. 480.
BOCSUMNESSE. Obedience. See Rob. Glouc. BODWORD. _A message; a commandment.
pp. 234, 318. (A.-S.) See Sir Amadas, 70, 604 ; Langtoft,
BOCTAIL. A bad woman. Coles. p. 47 ; Illustrations of Fairy Mythology, p. 75 ;
BOCULT. Buckled. Ps. Met. Cott. ii.
BOCUR. A kind of bird. Scdeu-ord cam him fro heven.
He brojt a heron with a poplere, Cursor niimdi, MS. Coll. Tnn. tfencaft., f. 8.
Curlews, bocurst bothe in fere. BODY. (I) The middle aisle of the nave of a
MS. Cantab. Pf. v. 48, f. 49. church, or the na.ve itself. A corner buttress
BOD. To take the husks off walnuts. Wilts. is sometimes called a body-boterasse in old
BODDLE. A small iron instrument which accounts.
woodmen use for peeling oaks and other (2) A person. See Perceval, 1166, &c. Ac-
trees. North. cording toKennett, p. 30, the term is applied
BODDUM. Principle. North. in some parts of Lincolnshire " only for the
BODE. (1) Remained. (^.-£) belly or lower part." It is still in general
(2) A stay or delay. (A.-S.) Also a verb, as in use, but often applied in a light or commise-
Skelton, i. 8. rating manner, or to a simpleton, according
(3) An omen. Also, to forbode. Still in use. to Kennett, MS. JLansd. 1033.
JSoder, a messenger, MS. JLansd. 1033. BODY-CLOUT. A piece of iron winch adjoins
(4) Commanded. (A.-S.) Also a substantive, the body of a tumbrel, and its wheels.
as in Amadas, 682. BODY-HORSE. The second horse of a team
(5) A message ; an offer. See Richard Goer de of four,
Lion, 1359 ; Arthour and Merlin, p. 76 ; Leg. BODY-STAFF. Stakes or rods of withy, &c.,
Cathol. p. 28 ; Langtoft, p. 61. used in making tke body of a waggon. Warw.
(6) Addressed ; prayed. Also, bidden, invited, BOB. " He cannot say boe to a goose," said
as in Robin Hood, i. 40. of a bashful or timid person. The phrase is
(7) Board, as " board and lodging." (A.-S. given in Ho well's English Proverbs, p. 17.
beod.) The term occurs in Piers Ploughman, JSoes, boughs, Privy Purse Expenses of Mary,
p. 493, and the verb is still in use according p. 32 ; Robson's Met. Rom. p. 2. Moe, a beau,
to Forby, i. 31. Bode-cloth, a table-cloth. Love's Leprosie, p. 76.
BODED. Overlooked; infatuated. Deeon. BOECE. Boethim See Chaucer, Cant. T. 6750,
BODELOUCE. A body-louse. 15248 ; Lydgaie's Minor Poem?, p. 11.
SOBERING. The lining of the skirt of a wo- BOF. Quick lime. Howett.
man's petticoat. Holme. BOFFLE. To c3iang$; to vary ; to prevent any
BODGE. (1) A patch. Also, to patch clum- one from doing a tiling; to stammer from
sily. Hence, to boggle, to fail, as in 3 anger. East.
Henry VI. i. 4. It is also explained, <<to BOFFYING. Swelling; puffing. Hearnt.
begin a task and not complete it." BOG. Sturdy; self-sufficient; petulant. Also
(2) A kind of measure, probably half a peck. a verb, to boast. East.
See Songs of the London Prentices, p. 76 ; BOG-BEAN. Marsfc trefoil. Yor^A.
Jonson's New Inn, i. 5. Hence, perhaps, BOGETT. A budget.
bodger, Harrison's Description of England, BOGGARD. A jakes. Huloet.
p. 202, which we have already had under BOGGART. A ghost; a goblin, North. Some-
badger. times spelt bogrgk. From this perhaps is de-
BODILY. Excessively ; entirely. North. rived ooggariyf apt to start aside, applied to
BODIN. Commanded. Chaucer. a horse.
BODISE. Bodies. BOGGE. A bug-bear,
Alle men schul then uprise BOGGING. Botching up. Philpot.
In th$ same stature and the same bodfee. BOGGLE, <( Boggle about the stacks" is a
MS.AshmvleM, f. 64. favourite game amongst children in the North,
BODKIN. (1) A dagger. (A.-S.) See Chaucer, in which one hunts several others.
BOGGLER. A vicious woman. Nares.
Cant. T. 3958 ; \V right's Anec. ^Lit. p. 24 ;
BOGGY-BO. A goMn. North. Sometimes
Dodsley, ix. 167; Two Angrie 'Women of pronounced Irugabo.
Abington, p. 80 ; Malone's Shakespeare, vii. BOGGYSCHE. Swelling. Pr. Pare.
326 ; Lilly's Sapho and Phao,
(2) A species of rich clotfc, a corruption of BOGHED. Obeyed.
baudkin, q,v. See Beaumont and Fletcher, BOGHSOME. Buxom; obedient,
i. 295 ; Ordinances and Regulations, p. 132. BOGHT. Expiated,
Bodkin-work, a kind of trimming formerly BOGING. Sneato*. Beds.
worn on the gown. BOGTROTTER. An Irish robber. Miege.
 192
BOK BOL
BO-GUEST. A ghost. Yorfoh. (5) Baked. North.
BOG-VIOLET. The butt erwort. Yorfah. To write; to enter in a book.
Sum newe thynge y schulde boket
BOGY. Budge fur. See Wardrobe Accounts of (6) That hee hiraselfe it myjte loke.
Edw. IY. p. 129; Collier's Hist. Drain. Cower, MS. Sac. Antiq. 134, f. 30,
Poet. i. 69 ; Test. Vetust. p. 569 ; Strutt, ii.
102, 247. (7) To swell out. East.
BOH. But. Lane. BOKELER. A buckler. (A.-N.) A lokekr-
maker, a buckle-maker. BoJeelinff, buckling.
BO-HACKY. A donkey. Yortoh. BOKEN. To strike. Skinner.
BOHEMIAN-TARTAR. Perhaps a gipsy j^or a BOKE RAM. Buckram. A description of mak-
mere wild appellation designed to ridicule ing it is in MS. Sloane 73, f, 214. Cf. Arch.
the appearance of Simple in the Merry Wives ix. 245.
of Windsor, iv. 5. Nares. BOKET. A bucket. (A.-S.) See Chaucer,
BOHEYNGE. Bowing. Cant. T. 1535 ; Reliq. Antiq. i. 9.
The boheynge or the leynynge of Cristes heved
betokens his mekenes, the wiehe had no place in that BOKEYNGE. See Emele.
falles feynar. MS. Egerton 842, f. 67. BOKEYS. Books.
BOIDER. A basket. North. Ye schall be sworn e on bokeys gode,
That ye schall wendeMS.to Cantab.
the wode.
Ff. ii. 38, f. 153.
BOIE. An executioner. (A.-N.)
He het mani a wikke boie
His sone lede toward the hangging. BOKID. Learned.
Sche was wel kepte, sche was wel lokid,
Sevyn Sages, 960. Sche was wel taujte, sche was wel bokid.
BOIER. A collation; a bever, q.v. SeeBaxet's Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 237.
Alvearie, 1580, B. 893. Boire, Nomenclator,
p. 81, wrongly paged. BOKY. Soft. Northumb. " Boky-bottomed,"
BOILARY. A place where salt is deposited. broad in the Buckled.
BOKYLYD. beam. Line. '
North.
BOL. A bull. Weber.
BOILING. (1) A quantity or number of things BOLACE. Bone-lace.
or persons. Var. dial. BOLAS. A bullace. See Rom. of the Rose,
(2) A discovery. An old cant term, mentioned 1377 ; Reliq. Antiq. ii. 82.
by Dekker. BOLCH. To poach eggs. Yortoh.
BOILOUNS. Bubbles in boiling water. Weber. BOLDE. (1) To encourage; to embolden; to
In the provincial dialects, any projecting knobs
are so called. get bold. (A.-S.) See Piers Ploughman, p. 55 ;
BOINARD. A low person, a term of reproach. Kyng AJisaunder, 2468 ; Chaucer, MS. Cantab.
Ff. i. 6, f. 98.
See Depos.
Lit. p. 9. Ric. II. pp. 8, 13 ; Wright's Anecd.
When he Clementes speche harde,
Hys harte beganue to bolde.
BOINE. A swelling. Essex. MS. Cantab. Ff . ii. 38, f. 89

BOIS. (2) A bold person; a brave man. See Sir Per-

BOIST. Wood."(^.-tf.)
(1) A threat. ceval, 1164 ; App. W. Mapes, p. 340.
(2) A box. (A.-N.) See Ywaine and Gawin, ) A building. Hearne.
1835, 1841 ; Chaucer, Cant. T. 12241 ; Relief 4) Magnificent; famous; grand. Byggynges
Antiq. i. 51 ; Maundevile, p. 85 ; Chester bolde, borowes bolde, &c. Isumbras, 78, 691.
Plays, i. 121, 125, ii. 95; MS. Line. Med. f.
281; MS. Lansd.560,f.45. (5) Smooth.
In chooseing barley for his use the raalster looks
(3) A swelling. East. that it be bold, dry, sweet, of a fair colour, thin skin,
BOISTER. A boisterous fellow. clean faltered from hames, and dressed from foul-
BOISTNESS. Churlishness. ness, seeds and oatts.
BOISTOUS, Rough; boisterous; churlish; Aubrey's Wilts, Royal Soc. MS. p. 304.
stubborn. Costly, rich, applied to clothing. BOLDER. (1) A loud report. A cloudy, thun-
See Prompt. Parv. p. 42, and Ducange, in y. dering day is called a boldering day. North.
Birrwt. Cf. Gesta Rom. p. 250; Chaucer, (2) The rush used for bottoming chairs. Norf.
BOLDERS. Round stones. Var. dial.
Cant. T. 17160; Lydgate's Minor Poems, BOLDHEDE. Boldness ; courage. See Lang-
p. 91 ; Prompt. Parv. pp. 84, 191 ; Harts-
home's toft's Chronicle, pp. 281, 340.
tholome,Met.1582.
Tales, p. 124 ; Batman uppon Bar- BOLDLOKER. More boldly.
Beholde now wele how he es led forthe of the Th'eyand
benboldloJcw
more hardy and bolde to fijte and to
wykked Jewes towarde Jerusalem agayne the hille werre, dore abide woundes and strokes,
hastyly with grett payne, and his handes boune be- Veffecius, MS. Douce 291, f.6.
BOLDRUMPTIOUS.
hynd hyme, boystously gyrdide in his kirtille. Presumptuous. Kent.
BOLDYCHE. A bowl. In an early inventory
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 180.
BOKE. (1) To nauseate; to vomit; to belch. of the fifteenth century in MS. Harl. 1735,
North.
f. 46, occurs the entry, " Item a loldyche"
(2) Bulk. East. " Boke and bane," lusty and Palsgrave has, " loledysshe or a bole, jatte;"
strong. Boke-load, a large, bulky load. and Hartshorne, Salop. Antiq. p. 334, " bowl-
(3) A break or separation in a vein of ore. dish, a large round dish, chiefly used for lava-
(4) To point, or thrust at North.
tory purposes."
 BOL 1 >3 BOL
BOLE. (1) The body or trunk of a tree. North. The prestes and prynces gun hem araye,
Bothe boilers of wyne and eche a gadlyng.
See Morte d' Arthur, i. 181. MS. Harl. 1701, f. 87.
It es nojte levefulle, quod he, in this haly place, BOLLEWED, Ball-weed.
nowther to offre encense, ne to slaa na bestez, bot to
bnele doune to the boles of thir treez, and kysse BOLLEYNE. Bullion. Arch, xviii 137
thame. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 39. BOLLING. A pollard. Var. dial.
J2) Ahull. (A.-S.) BOLLS. The ornamental knobs on a bedstead.
/3) A bowl. See Howell, sect. 12.
BOLLYNE. To peck. Pr. Pars.
*4J A measure, two bushels. North. BOLLYNGE. Swelling. (A.-S.)
55 * A small boat able to endure a rough sea.
Bile and blister bollynge sore
« Let go the bole." Taylor. On alle his folke lasse and more.
JOLEARMIN. Sinople.
Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Triti. Cantab, f. 38.
BOLE- AX. Explained pole-axe by Weber, Oc- BOLNED. Emboldened.
tovian, 1023, 1039 ; but see Reliq. Antiq. ii.
BOLNEDE. Swelled. (4.-S.)
176, " hail be ye, potters, with jur bole-ax" Wyndis wexe bothe wilde and wode,
BOLE-HILLS. A provincial term for heaps of Wawes bolnede in the flode.
metallic scoria, which are often met with in MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 125.
the lead mine districts. Thekyng say this and weptesore,
BOLE-HOLES. The openings in a barn for How meunes bodies bnlned wore.
light and air. North. Cut nor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 30.
BOLES. Places on hills where the miners It blew6 on the brode see, and bolnede up harde.
smelted or run their ore, before the invention MS. Cott. Calig. A. ii. f. 109.
of mills and furnaces. SOLNING. Swelling. (A.-S.)
The fyre it quencheth also of envye,
BOLE-WEED. Knopweed. Bole-wort, bishop's- And represseth the bulnynge eke of pryde.
weed, Topsell's Hist. Beasts, p. 77. Lydgate, MS. Soc. Antiq, 134, f. 21.
BOLEYN-DE-GRACE. Bologna in Italy. See BOLSTER. The bed of a timber carriage. Pads
Nugse Poet. p. 2 ; Kyng Alisaunder, 1444. used by doctors were formerly called bolsters.
BOLGED. Displeased ; angry. North.
BOLGIT. Large ; bulky ? See Middleton's
round jam puddingWorks, iv." a452.
is called A long
bolster-pud-
And after they com with gret navi, ding, no doubt from its shape.
With bolgit schipis ful craftly,
The havyn for to han schent. ReUq. Antiq. ii. 24. BOLT. (1) According to Holme, an arrow with
a round knob at the end of it, and a sharp
BOLINE. A boline is translated by Wase, Dic- pointed arrow-head proceeding therefrom.
tionary, 1662, clavm in navi. Howell has Bold-upright, holt on end, straight as an
holing, sect. 6, apparently the bow-line. arrow. To bolt food, to throw it down the
BOLISME. Immoderate appetite. See a list of
throat without chewing. tl Wide, quoth
old words prefixed to Batman uppon Bartho-
lome, 1582. Bolton, when Ms bolt flew backward/' a pro-
verb recorded by Howell, p. 20.
BOLKE. (1) To belch. (A.-S.) Also a sub- To a quequer Roben went,
stantive, asin Piers Ploughman, p. 100. Cf. A god bolt owthe he toke. Robin Hood, i. 90,
Reliq. Antiq. ii. 84. (2) To sift. North. Bolted-bread, a loaf of
Thai blaw and bolJtys at thaire mouthe, sifted wheat-meal, mixed, with rye.
And perchaunce ellysquare.
MS. Cantab. Ff. T. 4S, f. 84. (3) A narrow piece of stuff. " Boltes of single
worstede," Strutt, ii. 83. Perhaps a measure
(2) A heap. Pr. Parv. of cloth, as in Florio, ed. 1611, p. 453; but
BOLL. (1) An apparition. Lane. see Kennett's Glossary, p. 34.
(2) A man who manages power-looms. North. (4) To dislodge a rabbit. See Twici, p. 27 ;
BOLLE, (1) A bud ; a pod for seed. See Nares, Howell, sect. 3; Gent. Rec. ii. 76.
p. 48, a verb.
Take the bollj of the popy while it is grene, and (5) To run away.
stamps it, and temper it with oyle roset, and make (6) Straw of pease. East. A bolt of straw is a
a plastur, and l?y to the temples, and that schal quantity tied up fast.
Staunche heede-ache. MS. Med. CatJi. Hereford, f.8. BOLTELL. A round moulding.
BOLTING-HUTCH. The wooden receptacle
(2) A bowl, cup, or tankard, with a cover to it. into which the meal is sifted.
See Arch, xxiii. 26 ; Lydgate, p. 52 ; Piers
Ploughman, pp. 83, 99. BOLTINGS. Meetings for disputations, or pri-
Do now, and ful the&o?te> vate arguing of cases, in the inns of court.
And je schal here of pympuvnolle. Kennett, MS. Laasd. 1033, says, " An exer-
MS. Shane 2157, f, 6. cise performd in the inns of Court inferiour
BOLLED. Struck ; buffeted.
$if thou be prophete of pris, prophecie, they sayde, BOLTS. to mooting," The herb crowfoot ; the ranunculus
"Whiche nian here aboute boiled the laste. globosus, according to Gerard, who inserts it
MS. Laud. 656, f.l. in his list of obsolete plants. It is perhaps the
BOLLEN. To swell. (A.-S.)
BOLLER. A drunkard. Cf. Towneley Myst. same with, "bolte, petilmm, trifatlum"
Prompt. Parv, p. 43. 13
s p. 242. BOLT'S.HEAD. A long, straight-necked glass
 BON
BON 194
Reliq. Antiq, ii. 28 ; Chester Plays, i. 75 ;
vessel or receiver, gradually rising to a coni-
cal figure. Apol. Loll. p. 94.
Housewifly loke thin house, and alle thin meynd,
BOLYE. Huloet has, " bolye or plummet whyche To bitter ne to boner withe hemThene Good*
schalt Wif,
thou p.be.H.
mariners use, bolis."
BOLYON. A small kind of button, used as fast- BONA-ROBA. A courtezan. (Ital.) See
enings of hooks, &c. but sometimes a merely Cotgrave, in v. Robbe / Tarlton's Jests, p. 63>
ornamental stud or boss, and employed in Once a bona-roba, trust me,
various ways, as on the covers of books and Though now buttock-shrunk and rusty.
Barnaby's Journal.
other articles. See Bullions.
BOLYS. Bowls. BONA-SOCIAS. Good companions.
BOMAN. A hobgoblin or kidnapper. BONCE. A kind of marble.
BONCHEF. Prosperity ; opposed to mischief,
BOMBARD. (1) A large drinking can, made of misfortune. See Prompt Parv. p. 144 ; Syr
leather. Heywood mentions, "the great
black-jacks, and bombards at the court, which Gawayne, p. 65.
That in thi mischef forsakit the nojth,
when the Frenchmen first saw, they reported,
That in thi bonchefax.it the nojth.
at their return into their country, that the Reliq. Antiq. ii. 18.
Englishmen used to drink out of their boots." BONCHEN. To beat. Qu. bonched, Piers
Hall, in his Satires, vi. 1, talks of charging
Ploughman, p. 5, beat, conquered.
11 whole boots-full to then* friends welfare." And right forthewiih of hertely repentaunce,
See Boots. Hence bombard-man, a man who
They bonchen theire brestis with fistes wondre score,
carried out liquor. Bombort, a person who Lydgate, MS. Ashm. 39, f. 47.
serves liquor, Peele's Jests, p. 27.
(2) A kind of cannon. See Florio, ed. 1611, BOND. Bondage. " Boudes, bendeaus," Reliq.
Antiq. ii. 83, bands, a common form,
pp. 100, 112, 127. Bombardille, a smaller sort BONDAGER. A cottager, or servant in husban-
of bombard, Arch. xi. 436 ; Meyrick, ii. 291.
Bombard words, high-sounding words, Death dry, who has a house for the year at an under
rent, and is entitled to the produce of a certain
of Robert, Earl of Huntingdon, p. 50.
quantity of potatoes. For these advantages
A musical
(3)Met. Rom. iii. 190. t. (A.-N.} SeeRitson's
instrumen he is bound to work, or find a substitute,
In suche acorde and suche a soune, when called on, at a fixed rate of wages,
Of bombarde and of clarion. lower than is usual in the country. Brockett.
Gower, MS. Sac. Antiq. 134, f. 245. BONDEMEN. Husbandmen. (A.-S.}
BOMBARDS. Padded breeches. BONDENE. Bound. See Langtoft, p. 238,
BOMBASE. Cotton. Bonden, subjection, Towneley Myst. p. 51.
Here shrubs of Malta, for my meaner use, A birde brighteste of ble
The fine white bals of bombace do produce, Stode faste bondene tille a tre.
Sir Perceval, 1830
DM Bartas, p. 27-
BOMBAST. Originally cotton, and hence ap- BONDERS. Binding stones.
plied to the stuffing out of dress, because BONDY. A simpleton. JorJcsh.
usually done with that material, and often BONE. (1) Good. (A.-N.) See Torrent of
employed metaphorically. It is also a verb. Portugal, p. 86 ; Bale's Kynge Johan, p. 41 >
Cf. Florio, in v. tinqfalio, Imbottire; Dekker's Hall, Edward IV. f. 19,
Knight's Conjuring, p. 45.
To flourish o're, or bumbast out my stile, (2)Whan he sauh that Roberd for wroth turned so sone,
Ready.
To make such as not understand me smile. And nothing ansuerd, bot to wend was alle bone.
Taylor'* Motto, 1622. Pate)' Langtcft, p. 99.
BOMBAZE. To confound ; to bewilder; to per- (3) A petition; a request; command. (A.-S.)
plex. East. See Audelay's Poems, p. 15 ; Minot's Poems,
BOMBONE. To hum, as bees. Palsgrave has, p. 15; Cov. Myst. p. 28; Warton, i. 89;
"Ibomme as a bombyll bee dothe, or any Chester Plays, i. 42.
flyCj/e bruys" (4) A ship is said to carry a bone in her mouth,
BOMESWISH. Helter-skelter. L Wight. and cut a feather, when she makes the water
BOMING. Hanging down. Somerset. foam before her. Howell.
BON. (1) A band. " To work in the bon," signi- (5) To seize ; to arrest.
fies the employment of a collier when he la- BONE-ACE. A game at cards. Florio, in v.
bours an entire day in stocking coals down. Trentuno, mentions " a game at cards called
Prepared. Richard Goer de Lion, 1625.
Good. one and thirtie, or bone-ace."
But what sliall bee our game ? Primero ? Gleeke?
Bound.
Or one and thirty, bone-ace, or new-cut ?
Bane ; destruction. Machivells Dogge, 1617.
Who that may his bon be. Perceval> 1338. BONE-ACHE. Lues venerea. Likewise called
BONABLE. Strong; able. Howell has, " bon- the bone-ague.
age, or all the bones," Lex. Tet. Sect. 1. Which they so dearly pay for, that oft times
BONAIR. Civil; courtly; gentle. (A.-N.) Spelt They a bone-ague get to plague their crimes.
also boner e. See Sevyn Sages, 307 ; -Kyng Clobery's Divine Glimpses, 1659, p. 35.
Msaunder, 6732; Sir Tristrem, p. 152; BONE-CART. The body. Moor gives it as a
 195 BOO
BON
?erb, to carry on the shoulder articles more Huloet has, " bonnet or undercappe, galencu-
fitted from their weight to be moved in a lum,-" which Elyot translates, "an under
cart. bonef or rydynge cappe."
BONE-CLEANER. A servant. L Wight. BONEY. A cart-mare. Suffolk.
BONE-DRY. Perfectly dry. BONGAIT. To fasten. Cuml.
BONE-FLOWER. A daisy. North. BONHOMME. A priest. Skinner.
BONE-GRACE. A horder attached to a honnet BONIE. Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033, has, "a lonie
or projecting hat to defend the complexion. on the head, a blow or wound on the head. Ess"
Sometimes a mere shade for the face, a kind BONITO. A kind of tunny-fish, mentioned in
of veil attached to a hood. Cotgrave says, in v. Beaumont and Fletcher, vi. 331.
BONKE. A bank ; a height. (4.-S.)
Corriette, " a fashion of shadow, or boonegrace,
used in old time, and at this day hy some old BONKER. Large; strapping. East. Also to
outdo another in feats of agility.
women." See Florio, ed 1611, p. 340;
Baret's Alvearie, B. 922 ; Beaumont and BONKET. A huckle-bone. See Cotgrave, in
Fletcher, iii. 246 ; Collier's Hist. Dram. Poet, v. Astragale. Howell, sect. 28, mentions a
ii. 387. In Scotland the term is still in use, game, " to play at bonJcet, or huckle-bone."
applied to a large bonnet or straw-hat. BONNAGHT. A tax paid to the lord of the
Her bongi-ace, which she ware with her French hode manor, a custom formerly in vogue in Ireland.
Whan she wente oute alwayes for sonne bornynge. See Holinshed, Chron. Ireland, p. 78.
The Pardoner and the Frere, 1533.
BONNE. To bend? See Chester Plaj- *U36.
BONE-HOSTEL. Lodging. Gaw. May we read boune ?
BONE-LACE. Lace worked on bobbins, or BONNETS. Small sails.
bones, q. v. And hence the term, according BONNILY. Pretty well. North.
to Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033. See Strutt, ii. BONNY. (1) Brisk ; cheerful ; in good health.
99 ; Unton Inventories, p. 30 j Arch. xi. 96. Var. dial.
BONE-LAZY. Excessively indolent. (2) Good ; valuable ; fair. North.
He bad his folk fyghte harde,
BONELESS. A kind of ghost. See Scot's With spere mace, and sweord ;
Discoverie of Witchcraft, 1584, quoted in And he wolde, after fyght,
Ritson's Essay on Fairies, p. 45. Bonie londis to heom dyght,
BONENE. Of bones, gen. pi. Kyng Alisaunder, 3903.
Thah thou muche thenche,
Ne spek thou nout al ; BONNY-CLABBER. Usually explained, sour
Bynd thine tonge buttermilk; but Randal Holme, p. 173, has,
With bonene vral. Relig. Antiq. i. 112. " boniclatter, cream gone thick;" and in an-
BONERYTE. Gentleness. (A.-N.) other place, " boni thlobber is good milk gone
There beth twey wymmen yn a cyte*
Of so moche boneryt£, BONNY-GO. Spirited; frisky. /. Wight.
That alle the penaunce that thou raayst do, BONOMABLY. Abominably, excessively. See
Ne may nat reche here godenes to. thick."
Peele's Works, iii. 88.
MS. Hart. 1701, f, 13.
BONSOUR. A vault. (A.-N.)
BONES. (1) Dice. Rowley. The butras com out of the diche,
And on the borde he whyrled a payre of 'bones, Of rede gold y-arched riche ;
Quater treye dews he clatered as he wnte. The bonsour was avowed al
Skelton'8 Works, L 43. Of ich maner divers animal.
Sir Qrpheo, ed. Laing, 325.
(2) To make no bones of a thing, to make no
difficulty about it. See Cotgrave, in v. Diffi- BONTEVOUS. Bounteous.
culter. In Holinshed, Chron. Ireland, p. 72, BONTING. A binding; curved bars of iron
mention is made of the proverb, " better a connected together by hooks and links, and
castell of bones than of stones." put round the outside of ovens and furnaces
(3) The carcase of a hog is divided into two to prevent their swelling outwards.
parts, 1. the flick, the outer fat, which is cured BONUS-NOCHES. Goodnight. (Span.)
for bacon ; 2. the bones, consisting of the other BONWORT. The less daisy. See Arch. xxx.
part of it. 404 ; Reliq.1 Antiq. i. 37.
(4) Bobbins for making lace. North. BONX. To beat up batter for puddings. Essex.
BONESETTER. A rough trotting horse. South. BONY. A swelling on the body arising from
A doctor is occasionally so called. bruises or pressure. Pr. Parv.
BONE-SHAVE. The sciatica. Devon. The BOO. Both. (4.-S.)
following is a noted charm for this complaint. Into the diche they fallen boo,
" Bone-shave right ; For they ne seen howe they go.
Bone-shave straight ; Cat. of Douce MSS. p. 15.
As the water runs by the stave, BOOBY-HUTCH. A clumsy and ill-contrived
Good for bone-shave." covered carriage or seat. East.
BONE-SORE. Very idle. West. Sometimes BOOD. Abode; -tarried. Chaucer.
bone-tired is used in the same sense. BOODGE. To stuff bushes into a hedge.
BONET. A kind of small cap worn close to the fferefordsh.
head. See Planches British Costume, p. 21 3. BOODIES. Broken pieces of earthenware or
 BOO 106
glass used by girls for decorating a play- (2) Bit. Cf. Cov. Myst. p. 29 ; Octovian, 329.
Bothe thei boot mon and beest,
house, called a boody-house, made in imi-
tation of an ornamental cabinet. North. To flesshe fiejes were thei likest.
Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll- ZVin. Cantab, f. 37.
BOODLE. Corn marigold.
The brake and the cockle be noisome too much, f 3) A boat. (4.-S.)
Yet like unto boodle no weed there is such. (4) Help ; reparation ; amendment ; restoration ;
Tusser, p. 152. remedy. (A.-S.)
BOOF. Stupid. Line. BOOTCATCHER. A person at an inn who pulls
BOOGTH. Size. Yortoh. off the boots of passengers.
BOOING. Roaring ; bleating ; making a noise BOOTED-CORN. Corn imperfectly grown, as
like cattle. North. barley, when part of the ear remains enclosed
BOOK. This word was formerly used for any in the sheath. South.
composition from a volume to a single sheet, BOOTHALING. Robbery ; freebooting. Boot-
dialer, a robber or freebooter. Boothale, to
particularly where a list is spoken of. See
rob, to steal, which Miege gives as a North-
the State Papers, i. 402. To be in a person's country word. See Florio, in v. Abottino ;
books, to be in his favour. To say off book,
to repeat. Cotgrave, in v. Destrousser; Middleton,ii. 532 ;
BOOKHOLDER. A prompter. See Ben Jon- Nash's Pierce PenHesse, 1592.
BOOTHER. A hard flinty stone, rounded like
son, iv. 366 ; Nomenclator, p. 501, " he that a bowl. North.
telleth the players their part when they are
BOOTHYR. A small river vessel. Pr. Parv.
out and have forgotten, the prompter or booke-
BOOTING. A robbery.
holder" Palsgrave has, " boke bearer in a
BOOTING-CORN. A kind of rent-corn, men-
playe, prothocolle
BOOKING. "
A scolding ; a flogging. South. tioned byBlount and Kennett.
BOOKSMAN. A clerk or secretary. BOOTNE. To restore, remedy. (A.-S.)
BOOL. To bawl. Becon. Blynde and bed-reden
Were bootned a thousande. Piers Ploughman, p. 128.
BOOLD. Bold, (A.-S.) \
BOOTS. A person wbo is very tipsy is said to
BOOLK. To abuse ; to bully. Suffolk. • \
BOOLY. Beloved. I be in his boots. See Kennett's Glossary, p. 32,
BOOM. Sticks placed at the margin of deep who calls it " a country proverb." To give
channels along the coast or in harbours, to the boots, to make a laughing-stock of one, as
warn boats from the mud. South. in Two Gent, of Verona, i. 1.
BOOMER. Smuggled gin. Brocket*. BOOTY. To first
play inbooty,
to win at ordertotoallow one'shimadversary
induce to con-
BOON. (1) Good; fair. (A.-N.)
(2) A bone. Weber. tinue playing afterwards. See Howell, sect. 28.
(3) Going. North. BOP. To dip ; to duck. East.
BO-PEEP. An infantile game, played by nurses,
(4) To mend the highways. Lino.
BOON-DAYS. The days on which tenants are according to Sherwood, se cachans le visage et
bound to work for their lord gratis. North. puis se monstrant. See Douce's Illustrations,
BOONS. (1) Fowls. Yor&sk. ii. 146; Florio, ed. 1611, p. 123; Goodwin's
(2) Highway rates, or rates for repairing the Six Ballads, p. 6 ; Hudibras, II. iii. 633.
" roads. Line. The surveyor is called a boon- BOR. A boar. (A.-S.)
master. In Arch. x. 84, mention is made of BORACHIO. Minsheu mentions " the Spanish
a boon-wain, a kind of waggon. borachoe, or bottle commonly of a pigges
BOOR. A parlour. North. Kennett, MS. skinne, with the haire inward, dressed in-
Lansd. 1033, says, " the parlor, bed-chamber, wardly with razen and pitch to keepe wine or
or any inner room." liquor sweet." See Ben Jonson, v. 44. Florio,
BOQRD. To board.
ed.
skin.1611,
Hence p. 65, the says
term itiswas made ofapplied
figuratively goat's
BOORSLAPS. A coarse kind of linen, men-
tioned byKennett. to a dnraitatd, as in Middleton, iv. 103.
BOOSE. A stall for cattle. Boosy-pasture, BORAS. Borax. (A.-N.)
the pasture which lies contiguous to the BORASCOES. Storms of thunder and lightning.
boose. Boosy, the trough out of which cattle Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033.
feed. Boosing-staJce, the post to which they BORATOE. Bornbasin. Seethe Book of Rates,
are fastened. North. Cf. Prompt. Parv. 1675, p. 27.
pp. 41, 103. BORD. A border ; the side of a ship. (A.-N."}
BOOSENING. A method of curing mad people Hence, over bord, or over-board, as we now
by immersion, described in Brand's Pop. have it. " Stood to bord," stood on the board
Antiq. iii. 149. or side of the vessel. Cf. Richard Coer de
BOOSH. To gore as a bull. West. Lion, 2531, 2543 ; Sir Sglamour, 902. The
BOOST. Boast; noise. Weber. bord, or border of a shield, Kyng Alisaunder,
BOOSTER. To perspire. Devon. 1270. Some of the dramatists seem to use it
BOOSY. Intoxicated.
in
iv. the
5. sense of size. See Middleton' s "Works,
BOOT. (1) A kind of rack for the leg, a species
of torture described in Douce's Illustrations, BORDAGE. A bord-halfpenny. Skinner.
1. 32. Cf. Florio, in v. Bolgicckmo. BORDE. A table. (,/.-£) Hence the modern
 197
BOR I30R
expression, board and lodging. To begin the But wela I wot as nice, fresche, and gay,
Som of hem ben, as borel folk it, ben,
horde, to take the principal places at the high
table, which was generally the upper end, and And that unsittynge is to here dtgre'.
Qccleve* MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 258.
called the 'board-end. The table-cloth was Thus I, whiche am a loreU clerke,
called the borde-clothe, as in MS. Arand. 249, Purpose for to write a booke,
f. 89 ; Boke of Curtasye, p. 5, and it still re- After the worlde that whilom toke
tains that name in East Anglia, according to Longe time in olde daies passed.
Vurby, i. 31. Gower, ed. 1554, f. 1.
Than seyd thei all at a word, And we see by experience intravellthe rudemsse
That eokwoldes schulii begynne the bord, and simplici! y of the people that are seated far North,
And sytt hycst in the halle. which no doubt is intimated by a vulgar speech,
Coku-fjldi* Davnce, 200.
when we say such a man hath a bun-ell wit, as if
BORDEL. A brothel (4.-N.) See Prompt. we said boieale ingenium.
Parv. p. 44 ; Reliq. Antiq. ii. 61. Later writers The Optick Glasse of Humors, lG3y, p. ?{).
have the term bordello. BORELY. Large; strong.
He ladde hire to the bordel thoo,
No wondir is thouje sche be wo. BORESON.
Rec. ii. 90. A badger. See Blome's Gent.
Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 238.
BORPRE1E. Same as berfrey, 4. v.
BORDELL. A border? See MS. Bib. Reg. Sowis to myne men made sleie,
7 C. xvi. — " item, a great bordell enameled And borfreies to ryse an heie.
with redde and white." MS. Mdit. 100,%, f. 24.
BORDELLER. The keeper of a brothel.
BORDERED. Restrained. Shak. BORGH. A pledge; a surety. (A.-S.) See
Piers Ploughman, p. 346; Towneley Myst*
BORD-HALFPENNY. Money paid in fairs and
markets for setting up tables, lords, and stalls, BORGHEGANG. p. 333. Surety. (4.-S.) Or, perhaps,
for sale of wares. Blount,
BORD JOUR. A jester. some duty paid for leave to pass through a
And a blynde man for a tordjour. borough town. The term occurs in Robert de
Piers Ploughman, p. 524. Brunne's translation of the Manuel des Pcchts,
MS. Harl. 1701, and MS. Bodl. 415.
BORDLANDS. The lands appropriated by the BORGHTE. A borough.
lord of a manor for the support of his board or BORH. A boy. East.
table.
BORHAME. A flounder. North.
BORD OUR. Apparently a piece of armour at- BOR1TH. A herb used by fullers to take out
tached to the cuirass. Gaw.
stains. Skinner.
BORD RAGING. Ravaging on the borders. BORJAES. Burges&es.
BORD-YOU. A term used by a harvest man to BORJOUNE. A bud. See Arthour and Merlin,
another who is drinking from the bottle or
small cask, meaning that he may have the p. 65. Also a verb, as in Prompt. Parv, p, 2/6,
next turn of drinking. Norfolk. erroneously spelt lorionne.
BORDYS. Tournaments. BORKEN. Barking. (^.-5.)
So longe he hath hawntyd bordys,
BORLER. A clothier. See a list of trades in
That of armes he bare the prys. Cocke Lorelles Bote, p. 9.
MS. Cantab, Ff. ii. 33, f. 155. BORLICH. Burly.
BORE. (1) Born. Ellis, iii. 137. BORN-DAYS. Life-time. Var. dial
(2) A pore. Weber, BORNE. (1) To burn. See Chester plays,
(3) A kind of cabbage. Tusser. i. 134, 177. " Shee borned a knave," gave
(4) An iron mould in which nails are manufac- birth to a boy, ib. p. 181.
tured. Salop. (2) To burnish. See Skinner, and Warton's
(5) That peculiar head or first flowing of the Hist. Engl. Poet. ii. 275.
water from one to two or more feet in height (3) A stream. Gaw.
at spring tides, seen in the river Parret, for a BORN-FOOL. An idiot. Var. dial
few miles below and also at Bridgewater, and BORO W. A tithing ; the number of ten fami-
which is seen also in some other rivers. [Bo- lies who were bound to the king for each
reas ?] " Boriall stremys," Reliq. Antiq. i. 206. other's good behaviour. According to Lam-
BOREE. A kind of dance. barde's Perambulation, ed. 1596, p. 27, "that
BOREL. A kind of coarse woollen cloth. Ac- which in the \Vest countrey was at that tune,
cording toDucange, panni spissioris ac mlioris and yet is, called a tithing, is in Kent termed
species; and Roquefort says, "grosse etoffe a borow." Harrison, Description of England,
en laine de couleur rousse ou grisatre, dont p. 174, has lorowage, borrowing.
s'habillent ordinairement les ramoneursY' In BOROWE. A pledge ; a surety. Also a verb.
MS. Graves 42, f. 73, " a borrell, a pleye- See Robin Hood, i, 13 ; Towneley Myst. pp. 25,
fellow ;" and the term is constantly applied 156 ; Reliq. Antiq. i. 9 ; Stanihurst's Descrip-
to laymen, as lorelfolJc and borel men. See tion of Ireland, p. 54. JBorowehode, surety-
Wright's Glossary to Piers Ploughman, p. 583, ship, Robin Hood, i. 43. tf Saint George to
It seems to mean unlearned, in contradistinc- borowe," i. e. St. George being surety,
tion to the priests, or clerkes. inon phrase in early poetry.
 BOS EOT
198
Thus levoth the kyng in sorowe, 1033, " the bottom of the furnace in which
'1'her may no blys fro bale hyrn borotve, they melt their iron ore, the sides of which
MS. Cantab. Ff- ii. 38, f. 75. furnace descend obliquely like the hopper of
And thus Sainct George to borowe,
Ye shall have shame and sorowe.
BOSHOLDER. A tithing-man ; the chief person
Skelten's Works ii. 83, in an ancient tithing of ten families. See
a mill."
BORREL.
BORRID. AA sow
"borermarls
or piercer.
appetens. Lambarde's Perambulation, ed. 1596, p. 27.
BOSKE. A bush. " A boske of breres, la dume,"
BORRIER. An auger, Lluyd's MS. additions Reliq. Antiq. ii. 83. Bosfaj, bushy, but gene-
to Ray, Mus. Ashm. rally explained woody, as in the Tempest,
BORROW-PENCE. Ancient coins formerly so iv. 1.
called in Kent. See Harrison's Description BO SEED. See Buske.
of England, p. 218.
BORSE. A calf six months old. Hants. BOSOM. (1) To eddy. YorJcsh.
BORSEN. Burst. (A.-S.) See Chester Plays, ;2) Wish ; desire. Shaft.
ii. 123. Borsen-bellied, ruptured. Var. dial :3) Bosom-sermons are mentioned in the Egerton
BORSHOLDER. A superior constable. Papers, p. 9.
Item that no constable, borsholder, nor bailly, BOSOMED. See King Lear, v. 1 ; and an in-
lette any man or womman to bailie, maynprise or stance ofthe word in the same sense in Hey-
ondirborwe. ATS. Bodl. e Mus. 225. wood's Royall King and Loyall Subject, 1637,
BORSOM. Obedient. Leg. Oath. p. 44. sig. F, iii.A boatswain. An early form of the
BORSTAL. According to Kenuett, MS. Lansd. BOSON.
1033, " any seat on the side or pitch of a hill." word occurring in the first edition of Shake-
BORSTAX. A pick-axe. speare, and other authors. Lye, in his additions
BORT. A board ; a table. This word occurs as to Junius, has, " boson corrupte pro boatswam,
the translation of mensa in a curious list of
words in MS. Lansd. 560, f. 45, written in prsepositus
BOSS. (1) A remigum, scaphiarius."
head or reservoir of water. See
Lancashire in the 15th century. Ben Jonson, viii. 9.
BORWAGE. A surety. Prompt. Parv, (2) A great stone placed at the intersection of
BORWE. (1) A bower ; a chamber. the ribs. An architectural term. Willis, p. 43.
(2) A town; a borough. See Sir Tristrem, '3) To emboss ; to stud.
p. 140 ; Leg. Cath. p. 183. A hassock. North.
(3) To save ; to guard. (A.-S.) (5) A protuberance. (A.- N.) See Chaucer, Cant.
f 4) A pledge ; a surety. T. 3268 ; Gesta Rom. p. 446 ; Marlowe, i. 48.
JtJORWEN. To give security or a pledge to (6) A large marble. Warw.
release a person or thing ; to bail ; to borrow. (7) A hood for mortar. East.
(A.-S.) (8) To throw. Sussex.
BOR3E. Borough ; city ; castle. BOSSOCK. Large ; fat ; coarse. Also, to top
and tumble clumsily. Var. dial.
BOS.Words, p.game,
A 238. mentioned in Moor's Suffolk BOSS-OUT. A game at marbles, also called
BOSARDE. A buzzard ; a species of hawk un- boss and span, mentioned in Strutt's Sports,
fit for sporting. Hence, a worthless or useless
fellow, as in Piers Ploughman, p. 189. BOSSY.
p. 384. (1) Thick set ; corpulent. North.
JBOSC. A bush. (A.-N.)
BOSCAGE. A wood. See bosjcage, Ywaine and (2) Convex.
BOSSY-CALF. A spoilt child. Dorset.
Gawin, 1671 ; Skelton, ii. 28. According to BOST. (1) Pride; boasting. (A.-S.)
Blount, " that food which wood and trees yield (2) Aloud. Chaucer.
to cattle." Cotgrave has, " Infoliature, bos- (3) Embossed. Middleton.
cage, or leafe-worke, in carving." (4) Burst. West.
BOSCHAYLE. A thicket ; a wood. (4.-N.)BOSTAL. A winding way up a very steep bill.
BOSCHES. Bushes. Sussex.
BOSE. (1) Behoves. BOSTANCE. Boasting; bragging. Chaucer.
The synfull, he sayse, als es wrytene, BOSTEN. To boast. (A^S.)
Wyth pyne of the dede when he es smytene, BOSTLYE. Boasting. Gaw.
That he thorgh payne that hym bose drye, BOSTUS. Boastful; arrogant.
Hymselfe forgettes when he salle dye.
Hampole, MS. Bowes, p. 67. BOSWELL. Some part of a fire-grate. Suffolk,
(2) A hollow. North. The term occurs in an BOT. (1) A boat. Reliq, Antiq. ii. 82.
early and curious vocabulary in MS. Lansd. (2)wounds. A sword ; a knife ; anything that bites or
560, f. 45, written in Lancashire.
(3) Boast ; praise ? [Lose ?] 3) Bit. " Manimouthethe gres lot" slain-
And so tille Saturday were fynischid and done, 4) A jobber; a botcher. Yor&sh.
Of alle oure byleve sche bare the base. 5) Bought. Devon.
Legends, RatvHnson MS.
BOSEN. A badger. North.
BOSH. A dash, or show. East. BOTANO.
Bothss.
6) Unle
(7) . '
"A kind of blue linen.
BOSHES. According to Kennett, MS. Lansd, BOTARGE. The spawn of a mullet.
 199
EOT EOT
BOTARGO. A kind of salt cake, or rather BOTON. A button.
sausage, made of the hard row of the sea BOTOR. Ther A bustard.
was venisoun of hert and
mullet, eaten with oil and vinegar, but chiefly
Swannes, pecokes, and botors.
used to promote drinking. Nares. Arthour and Merlin, p. 116.
BOTCH. (1) A thump. Sussex.
(2) An inflamed tumour. North. BOTRACES. Venomous frogs. See a list of
BOTCHET. Small beer mead. North. obsolete words prefixed to Batman uppon
BOTCHMENT. An addition. Bartholome, 1582.
BOTRASEN. To make buttresses to a build-
BOTE. (1) Bit ; wounded. (A.-S.) See Ellis's ing.- (A.-N.)
Met. Rom. ii. 77 ; Langtoft, p. 243.
(2) Ate. Gaw. BOTRE. A buttery.
Then ussher gose to tho botrc.
(3) Help ; remedy ; salvation. Also a verb, to Bake of Curtasye, p 20.
help. " There is no bote of manys deth," BOTS. A kind of worms troublesome to horses.
there is no help for it, Orpheo, MS. Ashmole.
Bote-less, without remedy. See Dodsley, ix. 214; Men Miracles, 1656,
(4) Better. Ritson. p. 34 ; Tusser, p. 62.
BOTEL. A bottle. (A.-N.) BOTTE. (1) A boat.
BOTELER. A butler, Rob. Glouc. p. 187. (2) Bit. HeNorth. toke the stuarde by the throte,
Botileris, Kyng Alisaunderj 834. And asonder he it botte. Syr Tt&amowe, 554.
BOTEMAY. Bitumen. Weber. Spelt Itotemeys
in Kyng Alis. 4763. (3) A batHe ; bare a club.
a botte to geve a strokk
BOTENEN. To button. (A.-N.) All the body of an oke.
BOTENUS. Buttons. 2IS. Cantab. Ff. li. 38, f. 112.
BOTENYNG. Help ; assistance. (A.-S.) He toke hys bott and forthe goyth,
A wode man touched on hys bere, Swythe sory and fulle wrothe. .Ibid. f. 97.
And a party of hys clothyng, BOTTLE. (1) A small portable cask, used for
And anone he hadde botenyng.
MS. Karl. 1701, f. 73. carrying liquor to the fields. West. " Bag
BOTER. Butter. and bottle," Robin Hood, ii. 54.
BOTE-RAIL. A horizontal rail. North. (2) A bubble. Somerset.
BOTERASSE. A buttes. (3) A seat, or chief mansion house. (A.-S.)
Kennett, -MS. Lansd. 1033, is our authority
BOTERFLIE. A butterfly. (A.-S.) for the provincial use of the word. It is re-
BOTESCARL. A boatswain. Skinner.
tained in the names of places, as Newbottle,
BOTEWS. A kind of large boot, covering the co. Northampton.
whole leg, and sometimes reaching above the
knee. See Wardrobe Accounts of Edw. IV. (4) A bundle of hay or straw. Cotgrave has,
p. 119 ; Howard Household Books, p. 139. " Bottler, to botle or bundle up, to make into
BOT-FORKE. A crooked stick, the same as botles or bundles." A lotell-horse, Ordi-
nances and Regulations, p. 97, a horse for
burn-stick, q. v. carrying bundles ? Bottleman, an ostler. To
Mon in the mone stond ant strit,
On is bot-forke is burthen he bereih. look for a needle in a bottle of hay, a common
Wright's Lyric Poetry, p. 110. proverb, which occurs in Clarke's Phraseo-
BOTHAN. A tumour. Devon. logia Puerilis, 1655. Cf. Topsell's Beasts,
BOTHE. A store-house ; a shop where wares p. 303; Anecdotes and Traditions, p. 58;
are sold. It is translated by selda in Prompt. Howell, sect. 40 ; Florio in v. Grtgne.
A thousand pounds, and a bottle of hay,
Parv. p. 46. A booth.
They robbedyn tresours and clothes, Is all one thmg at Dooms-day.
And brenten townes and bother Howelfs English Proverbs, p. 1.
Kyng Alisaunder, 3457' (5) The dug of a cow. East.
BOTHEM. A watercourse. (6) A round moulding.
BOTHER. (1) To teaze; to annoy. Var. dial (7) A pumpion. Devon.
(2) Of both, gen. pi. See Ellis's Met. Rom. BOTTLE-BIRD. An apple rolled up and baked
iii. 63 ; Perceval, 31 ; Leg. Cath. p. 52. in a crust. East,
BOTTLE -BUMP. The bittern. East.
BOTHERING.
BOT-HIER. BoatA great
hire. scolding. "East. BOTTLE-HEAD. A fool.
BO-THRUSH. The squalling thrush. /. Wight. BOTTLE-NOSE. A porpoise. East. A person
BOTH-TWO. Both. Juntos. with a large nose is said to be bottle-nosed.
BOTHUL. A cowslip? Pr. Parv. Perhaps BOTTLE -UP. To treasure in one's memory.
the marigold. See Arch. xxx. 404. Var. dial*
BOTHUM. (1) Bottom. See Ordinances and BOTTOM. (1) A ball of thread. See Elyot, in
Regulations, p. 433. Mr. Hartshorne gives v. Anguinwn / Sir Thomas More, p. 4 1 ; Flo-
totham as the Salopian word, and Kennett, rio, in v. Corlo.
MS. Lansd. 1033, as a technical word con- (2) A vessel of burden. See Kennett's Glossary.
nected with iron ore. Botme, Prompt. Parv.
p. 24 ; Cotgrave, in v. p,Droict;
scription ofEngland, 163. Harrison's De-
p. 45.
(2) A bad. (A.-N.) BOTTOMEK. One who drags or assists in con*
 200 BOU
BOU
veying tlie coal or other produce of a mine Bourne's Inventions or Devises, 1578, no. 44 ;
from the first deposit to the shaft or pit. Middleton, iii. 281.
BOTTOMING-TOOL. A narrow, concave shovel (2) " Bought and sold," entirely overreached,
used by drainers. Salop. utterly made away with. Shale.
BOTTOM-WIND. A phenomenon that occurs BOUGHT-BREAD. Bakers' bread. North.
in Derwent -water. The waters of this lake BOUGILL. A bugle-horn.
are sometimes agitated in an extraordinary BOUGOUR. Cinaedus, " or one that is past
manner, though "without any apparent cause, shame," but not necessarily in the bad sense.
and in a perfectly calm day, are seen to swell This
1540. term occurs in Palsgrave's Acolastus,
in high waves, which have a progressive mo- BOUGY. A small round candle. (Fr.) See the
tion from West to East.
BOTTRY-TREE. An elder tree. North. Rutland Papers, p. 27.
BOTTY. Proud. Suffolk. BOUKE. (1) The body. (A.-S.) Also the bulk,
BOTTYS. Butts ; marks for shooters. the interior of a building. See Towneley
BOTUNE. Bottom. Prompt. Parv. Myst. p. 313 ; Chron. Vilodun. p. 38 ; Chaucer,
BOTY. A butty ; a partner. Palsgrave. Cant. T. 2748 ; Kyng Alisaunder, 3254, 3946 ;
BOTYD. Saved. (A.-S.) Langtoft, p. 174.
Grete othys to me he sware He thought might y mete that douke,
That he was botyd of mekylle care. His heved y schuld smite fro the bouKe.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 64, Gy of War iv ike, p. 345.
BOTYNG. Assistance. (A.-S.} (2) To wash clothes, (4-S.) See Piers Plough-
BOTYNGE. " Encrese yn byynge," Prompt. man, pp. 274, 306 ; Reliq. Antiq_. i. 108.
Parv. p. 45. We still have the phrase to (3) A pail. North.
loot. (4) The box of a wheel. Salop.
BOUCE-JANE. An ancient dish in cookery, a
receipt for which is given in the Ordinances (5) A bolt. North.
BOUKED. Crooked.
and Regulations, p. 431. BOUL. An iron hoop. Line. " Throwing of
BOUCHART. See JBabbart. the dart and &owle"is mentioned among youth-
BOUDE. To pout. (Fr.) ful athletic exercises in Holinshed, Hist. Scot,
BOUDGE. To budge; to move. See Nares,
and Beaumont and Fletcher, vi. 455. BOULDER-HEAD.
p. 137. A work against the sea,
BOTJDS. Weevils. East. Tusser, p. 40, speaks made of small wooden stakes. Sussex.
of " bowd-eaten malt." BOULTE. To sift. (A.-S.) Boulter, a person
BOUERIE. Baudrie? See Harrison's Descrip- who sifts, Howard Household Books, p. 27-,
tion of England, p. 178. Florio, ed. 1611, p. 71. Boulted-breadt bread
BOUFFE. Belching. Skinner. made of wheat and rye.
BOUGE. (1) A cask. South. BOUMET. Embalmed.
By draught of horse fro ryvers and welles,
JBoieges be brought to brewers for good ale. BOUN. Ready. (A.-S.) See Chester Plays, i.
Si-it. SibLii. 151. 37; Chaucer, Cant. T. 11807; Pilkington,
p. 353. In the North country dialect it is in*
(2) An allowance of meat or drink to an attend- terpreted going / also, to dress, to make ready,
ant in the court. Spelt douche and boudge.
See Ben Jonson, vii. 217; Thornton Rom. to prepare. " Bonn is a woman's garment ;
p. 218 ; Ordinances and Regulations, p. 79. boun, prepared, ready ; town, going or ready
(3) A purse. H&rman. to goe ; he's town with it, i. e. he has done
with it." Kennett, MS. Lausd. 1033.
(4) " To make a bouge," to commit a gross BOUNCE. The larger dogfish.
blunder, to get a heavy fall, Also, to bulge, BOUNCHING. Bending or swelling. See a
to swell out. East.
(5) To prepare a ship for the purpose of sinking list of obsolete "Words prefixed to Batman
it. See Hall, Hen. V. f. 23 ; Harrison's De- uppon Bartholora-3, 1582.
scription ofEngland, p. 200. BOUND. (1) Sure ; confident. Var.dial
Yet will tutlers in toune talk bound,
BOUGERON. An unnatural person. (A.-N.) That we wer the taen that Roulond wold quell.
BOUGE T. A budget ; a portmanteau. Elyot Roland, MS. Lansd. 388, f . 387.
has, ." hippoyera, a male or louget" See also
King Cambises, p. 262; Brit. Bibl. iv. 103j (2) A mark. A husband.
BOUNDE. (A.-S.)
Fry's Bibl. Mem. p. 343 ; Gascoigne's Delicate Tho that the bcunde y-seighe this,
Diet, p. 18, spelt in various ways. Anon he stai* for diol y-wis.
BOUGH. Reginald Scot gives lough as a com- Arthour and Merlin, p. 27*
mon exclamation of a ghost. BOUNDER. A boundary. North.
BOUGH-HOUSES. Private houses, allowed to It hath beene at times also a marke and bounder
be open during fairs for the sale of liquor. betweene some kings for the limits of their jurisdic-
BOUGHRELL. A kind of hawk. tions and authentic. Lambardtt's Perambulation,
1596, p. 270.
BOUGHT. (1) A bend; a joint; a curve. "Bought
of a sling, f unties circulus," Junius, Addend. BOUND-ROOD. The name of an altar in
See Cotgrave, in v. Feru, Inarcature du col; Durham Cathedral,
Torrent of Portugal, p. 24; Arch. xvii. 295; Ancient Rites, 1672, p.mentioned
70. in Davies'
 201 BOW
BOU
BOUNG. A purse, Upon the toppe an ern ther stod,
Be lusty, my lass, come for Lancashire, Of bournede gold ryche and good. Launfal, m
We must nip the boung for thej,e crowns. BOURT. To offer; to pretend. North.
Sir John Oldc-astle, p. 59. BOU S. A box ; a chest. Yortoh.
BOUNTEE. Goodness. (A.-N.) BOUSE. (1) Ore as it is drawn from the mines.
BOUNTEVOUS. Bountiful. See Malory's Morte Yorksh, Small ore as it is washed by the
d' Arthur, ii. 325. sieve, is called bouse-smithen.
BOUNTRACE. A buttress. (Fr.) (2) Perhaps, a boss, or round plate of metal used
Ye remembre youre wittes, and take hede to adorn a horse. See Arch. xvii. 293.
To kepe Irland, that hit be not lost,
For hit is a bountrace and a post. (3) To drink. An old cant term, and still in use.
MS. Soc. Antiq. 101, f. 60. Bousing-can, a drinking can. There was
BOUNTY-DAYS. Holidays, on which provi- formerly a kind of drink so called, as appears
sion was furnished for the poor. North. from Ritson's Ancient Songs, i. 70.
BOUR. A bower ; a chamber. BOUSTOUS. Impetuous. Palsgrave.
BOURAM. A sink. Yorfah. This word is BOUT. (1) A batch. Var. dial
given by Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033. (2) In ploughing, 'the distance from one side of
BOURDAYNE. A burden. Palsgrave. a field to the other, and back- again.
BOURDE. A game ; a joke. Also a verb, to (3) A contest ; a struggle. North.
jest. (A.-S.) See Cokwoldis Daunce, 4;
Chaucer, Cant. T. 12712, 17030; Notes to (5) Without; except. North.
(4) But. See Chester
Chaucer, p. 213. " Soth bourde is no bourde," Plays, i. 47, ii. 55, 123 ; Reliq. Antiq. iL227.
an old proverb mentioned by Harrington. BOUTE-FEU. An incendiary. Also spelt ooute-
Boyes in the subarbis bourdene flfulle heghe. fell. See Florio, ed. 1611, pp. 72, 244. The
Morte Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f. 86. term is given by Skinner, and also occurs in
Wele tow-dee, quod the doke, by myne hat, Hudibras.
That men shulden alway love causelesse,
Chaucer, MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 33. BOUT-HAMMER. The heavy two-handed ham-
mer used by blacksmiths. East. See About-
BOURDON. A staff. (^.-AT.) See Rom. of sledge, and Beaumont and Fletcher, iv. 289.
the Rose, 3401, 4092 ; Wright's Pol. Songs, BOUT-HOUSE. On the ground; anywhere.
p. 150 ; Beves of Hamtoun, p. 81. One kind 7. Wight.
of staff, much ornamented, was called a BOVE. Above. See Forme of Cury, p. 75 ;
bourdonasse,
I may the bittrdone heght esperaunce, which is "Wright's Anecd. Lit. p. 5. In later writers it
goode in every faysoun, for he that leenethe him is merely an elliptical form, as in the Trou-
thcrto sekurlych, he may not falle : the woode of bles of Queene Elizabeth, 1639, sig. F. i.
Sechim of which it is made shewethe ful weel whiche BOYERT. A young ox. (A.-N.}
it is. Romance of the Monk, Sion Coll. MS. BOVOLI. A kind of snails or periwinkles, men-
The joynours of bourdons, of speres long and rounde : tioned asdelicacies by Ben Jonson. (ItaL)
In feyre kny ves gladethe the cuttiller.
MS. Ashmole 59, f. 20. BOW. (1) A yoke for oxen.
Harlotes walkeris thorow many townes (2) A bow's length. SAaJk.
With spekketh mantehs and bordounes. (3) A boy.
MS, Bodl. 48, f. 174. (4) To bend. Var. dial
Now shal I tellyn the facoun (5) A small arched bridge. Somerset* An arch
And the maner of the bordoun. or gateway was formerly called a low.
MS, Cott. Vitell. C. xiii. f. 99. BOW-BELL. A cockney, one born within the
BOURDOUR. (1) A pensioner. So explained
sound of Bow bells. The term occurs in the
by Hearne, Langtoft, p. 204. London Prodigal, p. 15; Beaumont and
(2) A circlet round a helmet. Gaw. Fletcher, iv. 186.
BOURGEON. To bud; to sprout. (Fr.) BOW-BOY. A scarecrow. Kent. Du Bartas,
BOURGH. A borough. p. 9, " a blinde bow-boy," a blind archer.
BOURHOLM. The burdock. See an early BOWCER. The bursar.
list of plants in MS. Sloane 5, f. 3. BOWCHYER. A butcher.
BOURMAIDNE. A chambermaid. BOWDIKITE. A contemptuous name for a
. Hail be je, nonnes of seiut Mari house, mischievous child ; an insignificant or corpu-
Goddes bourmaidnes and his owen spouse. lent person. North.
Reliq.Antiq. ii, 175.
BOWDLED. Swelled out, particularly applied
BOURN. (1) A limit, or boundary.
(2) A brook; a rivulet. (A.-S.} Hence, water, to a hen when ruffled with rage, as in Harrison'*
Description of England, p. 172.
as explained by Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033 ;
and also, to wash or rinse. According to BOWE. (1) A bough ; a branch. (A.-S.}
Aubrey, Royal Soc. MS. p. 61, "in South (2) To Wulde bend ; to curve ; to bow.
they bydde hym sytte or stande,
Wilts they say such or such a tourn, meaning Ever he vulde be botuande.
a valley by such a river/' MS. Htu-t. 1701, f. 3&
(3) Yeast. Exmoor. Yf ther be dewke or erle in Jande,
BOUKNEDE. Burnished. But they be to hym b&tveande,
 BOW 202 BOX
The steward wyll anone ryse, It was played by both sexes. Anecdotes and
And dystroye hym on all wyse. Traditions, p. 20.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 304. BOWL-DISH. See Boldyche.
And togedur they wente, BOWLEYNE. A bow-line.
That hy t bowed and bente. MS. Ibid. f. 76. BOWLING. MATCH. A game with stone bowls,
BOWE-DYE. A kind of dye. In MS. Sloane played on the highways from village to vil-
1698, f. 163, is a notice how " to dye scarlett lage. North. A kind of cloth.
after the manner of the lowe-dye" BOWLTELL.
BOWELL-HOLE. A small aperture in the wall BOWN. Swelled. Norf.
of a barn for giving light and air. North. BOWNCHE. A bunch ; a swelling. Huloet.
B0WEN. A relation, or narrative. Qu. A.-S. BOWNDYN. Ready ; prepared.
bocung. BOW-NET. A kind of net, mentioned in
BOWER. A chamber. (A.-S.) TopselTs Foure-footed Beasts, p. 47.
BOWERINGE. The part of a tree consisting BOW-POT. A flower-vase. West. " Bough pots,
of the boughs. or flower pots set in the windowes of private
BOWEKLY. Tall ; handsome. West. houses," Nomenclator, p. 388.
BOWERS. Young hawks, before they are BOWRES. A dish in ancient cookery, a receipt
branchers. See Keliq. Antiq. i. 293. Also for which is given in MS. Sloane 1201, f. 24.
called lowets and lowesses. The term seems BOWSING. A term in hawking, when the
to be applied to hawks at the period when hawk " oft drinks, and yet desires more."
they are in the transition between the nest See Blome's Gent. Rec. ii. 61.
and trees, too old for the former, and yet not BOWSOM. Buxom; obedient. (A.-S.) See
strong enough to attach themselves exclusively Ywaine and Gawin, 1155.
to the freedom of the latter. And if he be tylle God bowsom,
BOWERY. See Boodies. Tille endles blys at the last to com.
MS. Harl. 4196, f, 215.
BO WET Y. Linsey-wolsey. North.
BOWGHSOMME. Buxom ; obedient. (A.-S.) BOWSOMNES. Obedience. It is glossed in
Wake aye, als thow had no knawyng the margin by olidiencia.
Of the tyme of the dedes commyng, Aud when this grownde es made, than salle come
That the dede may fynd the when it sails comme, a dameselle Bowsomnes on the tone halfe, and dame-
Ay redy to Godd aud bowghsomme. selle Miserecorde one the tother halfe. MS. Lincoln
Hampole, MS. Bowes, p. 65. A.i.17, f.27l.
BOW-HAND. The left hand. To be too much BOWSTAVES. « Paied to maister Cromewelle
of the bow-hand, to fail in any design. See by the kinges commaundement for lowestaves
Nares, in Y. for his Graces use," Privy Purse Expences of
BOWHAWLER. A man acting in the place of Henry VIII. p. 267. See also Brit. Bibl.
a horse, to draw barges or small vessels along ii. 398.
the Severn. BOWSY. Bloated by drinking.
BOWIE-FRAME. A phrase applied to toads BOWT. The tip of the nose. See the Nomen-
when together, in Fairfax's Bulk and Selvedge . clator, p. 28. Also part of an angler's appa-
of the World, 1674, p. 130. ratus, Brit. Bibl. ii. 472.
BOWIS. Boughs. Cf. Urry, p. 415. BOWTELL. A convex moulding.
Makynge the bowis as lusty to the syjte, BOWTH. Bought.
As fresche and as fay re of coloure and of hewe. BOW-WEED. Knapweed.
Lydgate, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 16. BOW-YANKEES. See Yankees.
BOWIT. A lanthorn. North. See Croft's Ex- BOWYER. (1) A maker of bows. See Chester
cerpta Antiqua, p. 14. Plays, i. 6 ; Skelton, i. 151 ; Rob. Glou. p. 541.
BOWK. Bent; crooked. North. (2) A small ship. Skinner.
BOWK-IRON. A circular piece of iron which BOWYN. Went.
lines the ulterior of a cart or waggon wheel. BOX. (1) A blow. Also a verb, to strike. Var.
West.
dial. Ac natheles, God it wot,
BOW-KITT. A kind of great can with a cover.
Yorfah. Vif ich alle nedes mot,
BOW-KNOT. A large, loose, and wide knot. Yit ich wile asaie
Gave me my name, which yet perchaunce you know not, A lite box the to paie. Bems of Hamtoun, p. 68.
Yet 'tis no riddle bound up in a bow-knott.
(2} A chest.
The Christmas Prince, p. 41.
(3) A club or O.von.
society instituted for benevolent
BOWL-ALLEY. A covered space for the game purposes. North. Their anniversary dinner
of bowls, instead of a bowling green. See is called a box-dinner.
Earle's Microcosmography, p. 86, A street in (4) To " box the fox," to rob an orchard. Went.
Westminster is still called the Bowling-Alley . BOX-AND-DICE. A game of hazard.
Bowls were prohibited during the church BOX-BABROW. A hand-barrow. Salop.
service in 1571. See GrmdaTs Remains, BOX-HARRY. To dine withDuke Humphrey; to
p. 138. According to the Grammont Me- take care after having been extravagant. Lino.
moirs, ed. 1811, ii. 269, the game was fa BOXING. Buxom. Line.
shionable in England in the reign of Charles II. BOXING-DAY. The day after Christmas, when
 BRA 203 BRA
tradespeople are visited by persons in tne em- together. Palsgrave has, " brace of an house
ployment of their customers for Christmas
boxes, or small presents of money. BRACER. Armour for the arms. (A.-N.) See
BOX-IRON. A flat-iron. East. Chaucer, Cant. T. 1 1 1 ; Florio, in v. Brdeeiale ;
BOY-BISHOP. See Nicholas. brace" in v. Brasselet; Beaumont and Flet-
Cotgrave,
BOTDEKIN. A dagger. Chaucer. See Wright's cher, ii. 426 ; Privy Purse Expences of Hen
Anec. Lit. p. 25. It occurs in Prompt. Parv. VIII. p. 47.
Erasers burnyste bristez in sondyre.
p. 42, Atranslated
BOYE. lad servant. "bysnbucula^perforatorium.
(A.-S.) Morte Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f. 73.
BOYKIN. A term of endearment, found in Sir BRACK. A kind of scenting hound, generally
John Oldcastle, p. 38, and Palsgrave's Aco- of a small kind, Elyot has, " catettus, a very
lastus, 1540. littell hounde or bracfa, a whelpe ;" and the
BOYLES. Lice. Line. terms brack aud ratch were always applied to
BOYLTJM. A kind of iron ore. Kennett, MS. the hounds which formed the pack, which of
Lansd. 1033. course differed in breed according to time and
BOYLY. Boyish. Baret. place. In Reliq. Antiq, i. 151, it seems to be
BOYS. (1) Voice. Maundevik. synonymous with acguill, q. v. See Twici,
(2) Boethius.- Lydgate, p. 122. p. 28 ; Florio, in v. Br&ccdre / Beaumont and
(3) A wood. (A.-N.} Fletcher, iii. 9 ; Ford, i. 22, 58 ; Webster, i.
And bad them go betyme 156; Dodsley, vi. 319; Ben Jonson, iv. 19;
To the boys Seynt Martyne.
MS. Qmtab. Ff, ii. 38, f, 128. Topsell's Foure-footed Beasts, p. 137. The
author of the romance of Perceval, using the
SOTS-BAILIFF. An old custom formerly in term bracket, explains it, bracket cest a dire
vogue at Wenlock, and described in Salop.
Antiq. p. 612. ung petit Prague ou chien. Tins form of the
BOYSHE. A bush. Malory, i. 181. word Bibl.
Brit. occursi. 478. in Morte d' Arthur, i. 75, 80;
BOYSID. Swelled.
BRACHICOURT. A horse whose fore-legs are
My thoujte also with alle vices boysid, bent naturally.
My brest resceit and chef of wrecchidiieese.
Lydgate, MS. Soc* Antiq. 134, f. 2. BRACING. Fresh, cool, applied to the atmo-
BOYS'-LOVE. Southernwood. West. sphere. Var, dial
BOYSTONE. To cup a person. Pr.Parv. BRACING-GIRDLE. A kind of belt. « Bra-
BOYSTORS. Boisterous. Skelton. cyuge gyrdle, subcingulum" Huloet.
BOYT. Both. BRACK. (1) A crack or break; a flaw. Cf.
BOZZUM. The yellow ox-eye. Vect. Beaumont and Fletcher, v. 316 ; Middleton,
BOZZUM-CHUCKED. Having a deep dark iv. 6 ; Brit. Bibl. i. 355. Also a verb, to break,
redness in the cheeks. West. Diversions of Parley, p. 489 ; broke, in the
B03E. To move, rise, go. Gaw. Northern dialects. Lilly, in his Euphues, says
B03EZ. Boughs. Gaw, the " finest yelvet" has*" his bracke," flaw or
BRAA. An acclivity. North. imperfection,
BRAB. A spike-naU. Yorksh. (2) A piece. Kennett.
BRABAND. Cloth of Brabant. See the (3) Salt water ; brine. In Draytoa, as quoted
Bates of the Custome House, 1545, Brit. Bibl. by Nares, the term strangely occurs applied to
ii.397. riyer-water.
BRABBLE. To quarrel. Also a substantive. Suffolke a sunne halfe risen from the brack,
Norfolke a Triton on a dolphins backe.
Brabbling, squabbling, quarrelling, Timon, ed. Draytotis Poemsf p. 20.
Dyce, p. 36 ; Middleton, iii. 458 ; Skelton, ii.
131. Brabblement, a quarrel. Brabbler, a (4) A kind of harrow. North.
wrangler, a quarrelsome person. (5) To mount ordnance.
BRAC. Broke. (6) Florio has, " bricche, crags, cliffs, or bracJces
BRACCO. Diligent ; laborious. Chesh. in hills." Mention is made of " a large aud
BRACE. (1) To embrace. bracky wood" in MS. Addit. 11812, f. 81.
A grysely geste than bese thou preste, On Tockes or fr-acfcis for to ronne.
In armes for to brace. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 213.
(2) Armour for the arms. Hence an arm of the BRACK-BREED. Tasted. North. t n. d.
sea, Maundevile's Travels, p. 15. BRACKEN. Fern. North. Bracken-clock, a
(3) To brave a person ; to swagger. Palsgrave small brown beetle commonly found on fern.
has, " I brace or face, je braggue ; he braced BRACKLY. Brittle. Staff.
and made a bracying here afore the dore as BRACK WORT. A small portion of beer in one
thoughe he wolde have kylled, God have mercy of its early stages, kept by itself till it turns
on his soule." It occurs as a substantive in a yellow, and then added to the rest. See the
similar sense in Othello, i. 3. " Facing and curious early account of the method of brew-
bracing" Holinsaed, Chron. Ireland, p, 63. ing in Harrison's Description of England,
f?4) The clasp of a buckle. p. 169, and Bragwort in Jamieson.
BRACONIER. The berner, or man that held
75)soA disposed
piece of as
timber framed with, of
a bevil joint, the hounds. See Berners*
to keep the paxts a building
 204 BRA
BRA
Out upon the, thefe J sche
MS. seyde in that
Cantab. Ff. ii.bray
38, fa.
BRAD. (1) Opened ; spread ; extended. North. f. 71.
(2) Roasted. (A.-S.} The woman being afraid, gave a braid with her
(3) Hot ; inflamed. North. head and ran her way, and left her tooth behind her
BRADDER. Broader. (4.-S.)
BRADE. (1) To pretend. (A.-S.} , .
(4) Palsgrave, in his table of subst. Sw&in's f. 21, Jests,
has
(2) To bray ; to cry. R. de Brunne. " brayde or hastynesse of mynde, colle," i. e!
(3) Broad; large. Cf. Sir Tristrem, p. 181; passion, anger. See Roquefort, in v. Cole /
Ywaine and Gawin, 163, 259 ; Sir Perceval, Anc, Poet. Tr. p. 49. It seems to mean craft
126, 269, 438, 1653, 1748, 1762; Minot's deceit, in Greene's Works, ii.
Poems, p. 20. Shakespeare has the adjective braid,268; and
generally
BRADES. Necklaces ; hanging ornaments. See explained deceitful, and Mr. Dyce thinks it
the Test. Vetust. p. 435. means lustful, Remarks, p. 73 ; but perhaps
BRADOW. To spread; to cover. Chesh. we may adopt the less objectionable explana-
"BRADS. tion, quick, hasty. It occurs, however, in the
(2) Small (1)
nails.Money. Essex.
Var. dial. A.-S. sense of deceit in Langtoft, p. 138. See
BRAEL. The back part of a hawk. See Reliq. also Hearne's glossary, p. 536.
Antiq. i. 296, 301.
(5) To nauseate. North.
BRAFFAM. See Barfliame. (6) To beat or press, chiefly applied to culinarv
BRAG, (1) Brisk ; full of spirits. Proud, inso-
lent, Skelton, i. 125. Bragance, bragging, (7)objects.
A row ofEasunderwood, t.chopped up aud laid'
Towneley Myst p. 99. The crowing of the lengthways. Oxon.
moor-cock is called 'bragging. ) To net. Dorset.
(2) A ghost or goblin. North. ,) To fade or lose colour.
(3) An old game at cards, mentioned in " Games BRAIDE. (1) To draw, particularly applied to
most in Use," 12mo. n. d. drawing a sword out of the scabbard. See
BRAGGABLE. Poorly ; indifferent. Salop. Air aide. Also, to pull, Octovian, 336;
BRAGGADOCIO A braggart. Var. dial
BRAGGED. Pregnant ; in foal. See Gent. Rec. Croke's Psalms, p. 6 ; to strike, Kyng
Alisaunder, 5856 ; Richard Coer de Lion, 411;
ii. 88. [Bagged?} to spread out, to brandish, Kyng Alisaunder,
BRAGGER. A wooden bracket. Higins trans- 7373 ; to beat down, MS. Morte Arthure f
lates mutuli, " peeces of timber in building 94 ; Rob. Glouc. p. 22, tw^
called Iraggers; it is thought to be all one (2) To start quickly or suddenly ; to leap ; to
•mfo. proceres ; in masons worke they be called turn. " All worldly thing braidith upon tyme,"
corbelles." See the Noruenclator, p. 210. i. e. turneth or changeth with time, Lydgate's
Minsheu, Span. Diet. p. 263, spells it lraggety Minor Poems, p. 24.
and the term also occurs in Hollyband's Dic- Thus natheles to me sche seyde,
tionarie, 1593. What arte thou, sone ? and I breyde
BRAGGING-JACK. A boaster. Higins, p. 532, Ryjt as a man doth oute of slepe.
Cower, MS. Soo. Antiq. J34, f ?Q.
has, " Thraso, a vaine-glorious fellow, a craker,
a boaster, a bragging Jac&e." BRAIDEEY. Embroidery. /. Wight.
BRAGGLED. Brindled. Somerset. BRAIDS. (1) A wicker guard for protecting
BRAGLY. Briskly. Spenser. trees newly grafted. Glouc.
BRAGOT. A kind of beverage formerly esteemed (2) Scales. North.
in Wales and the West of England. Accord- BRAIDY. Foolish. Yorksh.'
to some, it was composed of wort, sugar, and BRAIL. According to Blome, Gent. Rec. ii. 48,
spices; or merely another name for mead. " to Irayle the hawks wing is to put a piece
See Ben Jpnson,vii. 343, 378 ; Skinner, pars. 1. of leather over the pinion of one of her wings
With stronga ale bruen in fattes and in tonnesj to keep it close." The term occurs hi the old
Pyng, Drangol], and the braget fyne.
MS. Rawl. C. 86. play of Albumazar. Brail-feathers are the
tail.
long small white feathers hanging under the
BRAID. (1) To resemble. North. "Ye&raide
of the millers dogg, ye lick your mouth or the BRAIN. To beat out the brains. See First
poke be open," Yorkshire Ale, 1697, p. 86. Sketches of Henry VI. p. 60.
(2) A reproach. Also a verb, to upbraid. See Dyvers tymes like to ben drownedj brayned, and
Alrayde, which is written a brayde in the overronne with horses befor he was four yers old.
True Tragedie of Richard III. p. 22, in con- MS. Ashm. 208, f . 226.
cordance with the original copy, so that the a BRAINISH. Mad. Shah.
in that instance is probably an exclamation. BRAIN-LEAF. Apparently a kind of herb. It
(3) A start ; a sudden movement ; a moment of is mentioned in Greene's
time. A toss of the head was called a braid, BRAIN-PAN. The skull. Gwydonius, 1593.
See Skelton, i. 24 ;
Hence apparently a quick blow, in Syr Degore. Nomenclator, p. 23 ; Morte d'Arthur, i. 256,
256 ; MS. Cantab. If. ii. 38, f. 245 ; Brit. Bibl. Forby.
ii. 403. The term is still in use, according to
iv. 90. See Tale of the Basyn, xxi. ; Wright's
Seven Sages, p. 17, " scho brayd hit a-don at BRAINSICK. Wildhrained; mad; impetuous,
on brayd/' i. e. she threw it down at one See Skelton, i. 267 ; If you know not niee,
start or movement. you kno\v Nobody, 1639, sio. B. iii.
 BRA 205 BRA
I ayme at no such happinesse. Alas ! (8) A large barrow. North.
I am a puny courtier, a weake braine, (9) An instrument for dressing hemp or flax.
A braine-sicke young man. See Holly band, in v. Brosse. This is perhaps
Heywood's Iron Aget sig. D.i the meaning of the word in Thynne's Debate,
BRAIN-STONES. According to Aubrey, MS.
head, nearly round, 13,
Nat. Hist. Wilts, p. stones
found the size ofand
in Wiltshire, one's
so (10) A harrow. North.
p. 50.
rastellum
It is translated by
in a MS. quoted in Prompt. Parv.
called by the common people.
BRAIN-WOOD. Quite mad.
BRAIRD. Fresh ; tender. North. Also, the (11) A baker's kneading-trough.
p. 47.
first blade of grass. A.-S. brord. (12) The handle of a ship's pump.
BRAISSIT. Inclosed. (13) A cart or carriage used for breaking in
BRAIST. Burst. horses. It has generally no body to it. The
term is still in use.
BRAIT. A kind of garment. (A.-S.) " Caracatta (14) A flaw or break. See Brack. This is
est vestis villosa qucs Anglice dicitur brait vel
clearly the meaning in Webster's Works, iv.
hakel," MS. Laud. 413. See Ducange, in v.
Caracatta. 141, "the slighter brakes of our reformed
BRAK. Broke. Minot, p. 29. Muse," not/erra, as stated by the editors, nor
BRAKE. (1) To beat. Nortfi. do I see the application of that meaning in the
(2) Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033, defines brake, passage referred to.
(15) To vomit. Pr. Parv.
u a small plat or parcel of bushes growing by (16) A mortar. North.
themselves." This seems to be the right BRAKE-BUSH. A small plot of fern. See
meaning in Mids. Night's Dream, iii. 1, al- Prompt. Parv. p. 47 ; Nutbrowne Maid, xv,
though a single bush is also called a brake. BRAKEN. Broke.
In Palmer's Devonshire Glossary, p. 32, BRAKES. Fern. Var. dial
" spinetum, dumetum, a bottom overgrown BRAKET. See Bragot.
with thick tangled brushwood." A brake is BRALE&. A bundle of straw. Dorset.
also a little space with rails on each side,
which Mr. Hunter thinks is the Shakespearian BRAMAGE. A kind of cloth, mentioned in the
term, an explanation rather at variance with inventory of Archbishop Parker's goods, Arch.
xxx. 1 3. Carpets were sometimes made of this
Quince's " hawthorn brake ;" and moreover, material.
the brake mentioned by this commentator
from Barnaby Googe would only be found in BRAMBLE-BERRIES. Blackberries. North.
cultivated land, not in the centre of the BRAME. Yexation. Spenser.
11 palace wood." When Puck says, " through BRAMISH. To flourish, or assume affected
bog, through bush, through Irake, through airs ; to boast. East.
BRAMLINE. A chaffinch.
"briar," an expression, the latter part of which
is repeated word for word in Drayton's BRAN. (1) A brand, or log of wood. West.
Nymphidia, we clearly see that Kennett's ex- (2) To burn. North.
planation exactly suits the context. So also (3) Quite. Devon.
when Demetrius says, ii. 2, "I'll nm from thee, (4) Thin bark ; skin.
and hide me in the brakes" can these be little BRANCH. to tree. Mome.
(1) To make a hawk leap from tree
enclosed spots in the middle of the wood in
which he is followed by Helena ? There is a (2) To embroider, figure, sprig. Branched vel-
spot near Broadway, co. Wore., filled with vet, Ford, ii. 510, and Wardrobe Accounts of
hawthorn bushes and short underwood still Edw. IV., wrongly explained by Gifford. Cf.
called the Brakes. See also Florio, in v. Middleton, v. 103 ; Beaumont and Fletcher,
i. 292.
Broncoso, " full of brakes, briers or bushes."
(3) Fern. North. Called also braken. The (3) A small vein of ore.
term occurs in Cov. Myst. p. 22 ; Prompt. Parv. BRANCH-COAL. Kennel coal. North.
p. 47 ; Elyot, in v. Fills: . BRANCHER. (1) A young hawk, just begin-
(4) An enclosure for cattle. ning to fly; or a short winged hawk. See
(5) An old instrument of torture, described in Blome's Gent. Rec. ii. 28, 62, 164; Reliq.
Malone's Shakespeare, ix. 44. In the State Antiq. i. 293.
Papers, i. 602, is the mention of one in the Thartby braunchers in brede bettyr was never.
Tower in 1539. Hence the word is used for Morte Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f. 55.
torture in general, as in the Table Book, (2) One of the officers belonging to the Mint.
p. 101. See Ord. and Reg. p. 255.
(6) A snaffle for horses. Also, a strong wooden BRANCHES. Ribs of groined roofs.
frame in "which the feet of young and vicious BRANCHILET. A little branch or twig.
horses are frequently confined by farriers, BRANCORN. Blight. Cotgrave, in v. Brufore.
preparatory to their being shod. See Ben " Brand, the smut in wheat," Forby, i. 38.
Jonson, iii. 463 ; TopselTs Beasts, p. 302. BRAND. A sword.
BRANDED. A mixture of red and black.
(7) Elyot has, " balista, a crosbowe or a braked
A similar entry occurs in Huloet's Abce- North. Topsell uses the term, Foure-footed
darium, 1552. Beasts, p. 114.
 BRA BRA
206
BRANDELLET. Some part of the armour, BRANSEL. A dance, the same as the brawl,
mentioned in Richard Goer de Lion, 322. q. v. (A.-N.) Florio has, " brdndo, a French
BRANDEOT. Roasted. dance called a Iransel or braule." See also
BRANDERS. The supporters of a corn stack. brtinla in the same dictionary.
Var. dial. BRANT. (1) Steep. North. " Brant against
BRANDES. Sparks. Flodden Hill," explained by Nares from
BRAND-FIRE-NEW. Quite new. East. Also Ascham, " up the steep side." Cf. Brit. Bibl.
i. 132, same as brandly?
bran-new, bran-span-new, and brand-span der- And thane thay com tille wonder heghe moun-
new, in the same sense. taynes, and it semed as the toppes had towehed the
BRAND-IRONS. See Andirons; Huloet, 1552; firmament ; and thir mountaynes ware als brant up-
Florio, in v. Capifuochi. rijte as thay had bene walles, so that ther was na
BRANDISHING. A crest, battlement, or other clymbyng upon tharae. Life of Alexander, MS. Lin-
coln, f.38.
Davies'
Seeed. 1672,
parapet. numents, Ancient Rites and Mo-
pp. 8, 69. (2) A harrow. Huloet.
BRANDLE. To totter; to give way. See Cot- (3) A brantgoose, or barnacle. See Harrison's
grave, in v. Bransler; Howell, sect. 5. Desc. of England, p. 222 ; MS. Sloane 1622,
f.51.
BRANDLET. See Brandreth.
BRANDLING. The angler's dew-worm. (4) Consequential ; pompous. North,
BRANDLY. Sharply; fiercely. North. See (5) Burnt. Chesh.
Tullie's Siege of Carlisle, p. 38. BRAN-TAIL. The redstart. Salop.
BRANDON. (1) They burnt, pi. Tundale, BRANTEN. Bold ; audacious. Dorset.
p. 19. BRASE. To make ready ; to prepare. See
(2) A fire-brand. See Palmendos, 158 9, quoted Todd's Illustrations, p. 299. Erased, ready,
in Brit, Bibl. i. 233. prepared, Nares, p. 57, who is puzzled with
(3) A wisp of straw or stubble. East. the word.
BRAND RETH. An iron tripod fixed over the BRASE Y. A kind of sauce. " Pykes in brasey,"
fire, on which a pot or kettle is placed. Forme of Cury, p. 53 ; Ord. and Reg. p. 451.
North. The forms brandelede, branlet, and Called brasillw the latter work, p. 446.
tiranlede, occur in Prompt. Parv. p. 47. BRASH. (1) The refuse boughs and branches of
Tak grene jerilis of esche, and lay thame over a fallen timber; clippings of hedges; twigs.
brandethe, and make a fire under thame, and kepe Var. dial.
the woyse that comes owt at the endis in egges- (2) To run headlong. North. Also, impetuous,
schelles. MS, Lincoln. Med. f. 283.
BRANDRITH. A fence of wattles or boards, rash. Any violent push is called a brash.
set round a well to prevent the danger of (3) A rash or eruption. West. Hence any sud-
falling into it. Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033. den development, a crash.
BRAND UTS. Four wooden arms affixed to the (4) To prepare ore. North.
BRASHY. Small; rubbishy; delicate in con-
throat of a spindle in an oatmeal-mill. Salop, stitution. North.
BRAND-WINE . Brandy.
BRASIANTUR. An account of the liquor
BRANDY-BALL. A game mentioned in Moor's brewed in a house. (Lat.)
Suffolk Words, p. 238.
BRANDY-BOTTLES. The flowers of the yel- BRASIL. A word used in dyeing to give a red
low water-lily. Novf. colour. It has nothing to do with the country
BRAND YSNAP. A wafer gingerbread. North. of that name in America, having been known
BRANGLED. .Confused; entangled; compli- long before the discovery of the New World.
cated. Line. It is mentioned by Chaucer, Cant. T. 15465 ;
BRANK. (1) To hold up the head affectedly; and also in the accounts of the Grocers' Com-
to put a bridle or restraint on anything.
North. tionpany, 1453, Heath,p. p.
of England, 322; Harrison's Descrip-
233.
BRASS. (1) Copper coin. Var. dial
(2) .Buck-wheat. East. See Ray's Diet. Tril,
p". 9 ; Tusser, p. 35. Kennett, MS. Lansd. BRASS (2) Impudence.
ARTS. In ancient armour, pieces be-
1033, says, " bran of the purest wheat. Norf." tween the elbow and the top of the shoulder,
BRANKES. A country saddle of straw. Urry's fastened together by straps inside the arms.
MS. add. to Ray.
BRANKKAND. Wounding. (A.-N.) Skinner spells it fir assets. See Bracer.
With brandez of browne stele brankkand stedez. BRASSISH. Brittle. North.
Morte Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f. 73. BRAST. The past tense of lurst. It is also
BRANKS. (1) An instrument, formerly used used for the present. Cf. Torrent of Portugal,
for punishing scolds. It is of iron, and 687 ; Brit. Bibl. i. 25 ; Feest, xvii. Huloet
surrounds the head, while the mouth is has, u brasten beallye, herniosus."
gagged by a triangular piece of the same ma- BRASTLE. To boast ; to brag. North.
terial. There is one still preserved at New- BRASTNES. A rupture. Huloet.
castle. BRAT. (1) A turbot. North.
(2) A kind of halter or bridle, used by country (2) Film or scum. North.
people on the borders, (3) A child's bib or apron. North. A.-S. bratt,
BRANNY-BREAD. Coarse bread, Huloet. a coarse mantle, Chaucer, CantT. 16349.
 207
BRA BRE
BRATCHET. A term of contempt. North. times ina ring, and othenvhiles at length, move
Perhaps from brack, q. v. Good fellowes must go learne to daunce,
BRATER. Avambrace. altogether.
The "brydeal is full near-a ;
Thorowe brater of browne stele, and the bryghte
mayles, There is a bifill come out of Fraunce,
That the hilte and the hande appone the hethe ligges. The fyrst ye harde this yeare-a.
Morte Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f. 97.
Good Fellowes , a Ballad, 1569,
BRATHE. Fierce. Syr Gowghter, 108. Brathli, (2) A brat. (1) Nares.
fiercely, excessively. BRAWN. The smut of corn. West.
Beris to syr Berille, and brathely hym hittes. (2) The stump of a tree. Devon.
Morte Arthure, MS. Lincoln, f. 72.
(3)Brok
A boar.
brestedeNorth.
as a braivne, with brustils fulle
large.
Schuldirs schamesly thay schent,
Morte Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f. 65.
And brathly bledis. Sir Deg-remnf, Line. MS. 897.
This fol folk tham sammen than, (4) The term was formerly applied to any kind
Brathli thai this werk bigan. of flesh, not merely that of the boar, and to
MS. Cott. Vespas, A. iii. f. 14. the muscular parts of the body.
BRATTICE, A partition. North. BRAWNDESTE. Brandished.
BRATTISH. A shelf ; also, a seat with a high Braivndeste browne stele, braggede in trompes.
back. North. Morte Arthure> MS. Lincoln, f. 91.
BRATTISHING. Brandishing, q. v. BRAWNESCHEDYN. Branded. Tundale. p. 40.
BRATTLE. (1) To thunder. Xorth. BRAWN-FALLEN. Very thin.
(2) To lop the branches of trees after they are BRAWNS. The muscles.
felled. East. BRAWTHERER. An embroiderer.
(3) A race, or hurry. North. BRAY. (1) To beat in a mortar. Hence, to beat,
(4) A push, or stroke. North. to thrash. To bray a fool in a mortar, an old
BRATTY. Mean and dirty. Line. proverb. See Dodsley, vii. 137* x. 262; Top-«
BRAUCH. Rakings of straw. Kent. sell's Foure-footed Beasts, p. 364.
BRAUCHIN. A horse-collar. North. And bray hem alle togedere small.
BRAUDED. Embroidered. Archceologia, xxx. 394.
BRATJGtTWHAM. A dish composed of cheese,
eggs, bread and butter, boiled together. (2) Good ; bold.
Lane. (3) To throw.
BRAUNCE. A branch. SJcinner. (4) To upbraid. Huloet.
BRAUNGING. Pompous. North. (5) To Forcry.hyt bygan to bray
and crye,
BRAVADOES. Roaring boys. As thoghe hyt shuld al to flye.
MS. Harl. 1701, f. 33.
BRAVATION. Bravery ; good spirits. See Wily
Beguiled, ap. Hawkins, in. 375. (6)Scotland,
A cliff ; pp.
a rising
BRAVE. (1) Finely drest; fine; good. Also a 9, 15.ground. See Holinshed's
Ney the forde ther is a braye,
verb. Cf. Thynne's Debate, p. 23 ; Drayton's And ney the braye ther is a well.
Poems,lads, p. 23 ;*Timon,
p.22; Jacke of p. 19 ; Collier's
Dover, Old Bal-
p. 6, braverly. MS. Sloans 25?8, f. 10-11.
BRAYING-ROPES. Part of the harness of a
(2) A boast; a vaunt. See Drayton's Poems, horse. Wardrobe Accounts of King Edward
p. 71 ; Downfall of Robert Earl of Hunting-
IV. p. 123.
don,wardp.36
IV. p.; Du
55. Bartas, p. 7 ; Heywood's Ed- BEAZE. (1) To acquire a bad taste, applied to
food. North.
(3) A bravo ; a ruffian.
(2) To be impudent. Var. dial.
(4) "Well
(5) ; in good
A trophy. health. North.
Nomenclator, p. 288. BRAZIL. Sulphate of iron. North.
BRAVERY. (1) Finery. The ancient Britons BREACH. (1) A plot of land preparing for an-
other crop. Devon.
painted their bodies, " which they esteemed a
great braverie," Holinshed, Chron. England, (2) The break of day, Harrison's Description of
p. 55. Cf. Tarlton, p. 98. England, p. 242. It is often used for break
(2) A beau ; a fine gentleman. See Ben Jon- by our early dramatists in an obscene sense,
son's Works, iii. 358. as in Heywood's Royall King and Loyall Sub-
BRA VI. A reward, or prize. (Lat.) ject, sig. F. i.
BRAWDEN. Woven; embroidered. Brawderer, BREACH-CORN. Leguminous crops.
an embroiderer, Elizabeth of York, p. 55. BREACHING. Quarrelling. Tusser.
BRAWDRY. Sculptured work. SJcinner. BRE ACHY. (1) Spoken of cattle apt to break
BRAWET. A kind of eel. North. out of their pasture. South.
BRAWL. (1) A kind of dance, introduced into (2) Brackish. Sussex.
this country from France about the middle of BREAD. " He took bread and salt," i. e, he
the sixteenth century. It is fully described swore, those articles having formerly been
by Douce, Illustrations, i. 218, and in Web- eaten at the taking an oath.
ster's Works, iv. 94. Cotgrave translates BREADINGS, According to Kennett, « bread-
Iran&le, " a brawle, or daunce. wherein many, ings of corn or grass, the swathes or lows
men and women, holding by the hands, some- wherein the mower leaves them. Chesh"
 BRE 208 BRE
BREAD-LOAF. Household bread. North. BRECK. A piece of unenclosed arable land ;
BREAK. (1) A break Is land that has long lain a sheep walk, if in grass. East. Tusser, p. 18,
fallow, or in sheep walks, and is so called the has brecJc, a breaking or fracture.
first year after it has heen ploughed or broken BRECOST. A barbican.
up. Norf. To run the "horsehoe between BRE DALE. A marriage-feast. (A.-S.)
rows of beans is called breaking them. No man may telle yn tale
The peple that was at that bredale* Octovian, 56.
(2) A beast breaks cover, when he goes out be- BREDDEN. Roasted. (^.-£)
fore the hounds. He breaks water, when he Man and hous thai brent and bredden,
has just passed through a river. Gent. Rec. And her godes owayAi'thour
ledden.and Merlin,
ii. 78. p. 270.
(3) To tear. Hants.
(4) To break with a person, to open a secret to BREDE. (1) Breadth. North. Cf. Ellis's Met.
Rom. iii. 328 ; Chaucer, Cant. T. 1972.
ham. The angel began the childe to lede
BREAK-DANSE. A treacherous person. Into a forest was fayre in brede.
BREAK-DEAL, To lose the deal at cards. MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f.68.
Devon. Oon heere brede owt of thys peyne
BREAKDITCH. A term originally applied to They have no power to lyste mee.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 49.
a cow that will not stay in her appropriate
pasture ; and generally, any one in the habit (2) Broad; extended. (A.-S.) Cf. Kyng Ali-
of rambling, North. saunder, 2322; Wright's Purgatory, p. 86.
BREAK-NECK. A ghost. North. " Take grene bowys of asche, and cut hem,"
BREAK-UP. To cut up a deer; a term anciently and
and properly applied technically to that ope- Cath. ley hem on a brede yren," MS. Med.
Heref.
ration only, but it afterwards came to be a Abroad. Skinner.
general term for carving. A huntsman is now Bread ; employment. North.
said to break up his fox, when he cuts off the A knot. West.
head and brush, and gives the carcase to the A board. (A.-S.) Still used in Suffolk for
hounds. Twici, p. 47. a board to press curd for cheese.
BREAM. Cold and bleak. North. Cf. Cot- Naylyd on a brede of tre,
grave, in v. Froid; Florio, in v. Brina, Bruma, That inen callyt an abece. Reliq. Antiq. 1. 63.
the latter writer using it apparently in the BREDE CHE SE. Cream-cheese. Pr. Parv.
sense of frost. BREDEN. To breed. (A.-S.)
BREAN. To perspire. YorTcsh. BREDGEN. To abridge. S&inner.
BREANT-NEED. Assistance in distress. North. BREDHERE. Bretheren.
BREAST. (1) The voice. Everylkone hys bredhere alle,
I syng not musycall, Tyte thai come before me here.
For my brest is decayd. Armonye of Eyrdes, p. 5. JR. de Brunne, MS. Bowes, p. 18.
To trim a hedge. Salop. BREDHITITHE. A lump of bread. Pr. Parv.
The face of coal-workings. BRED-SORE. A whitlow. East.
To spring up. North. BREDURNE. Bretheren.
~ ' "T-SUMMER. A beam supporting These ij, bredurne upon a day
front of a building, after the manner ofthea Wyth enemys were slayn in fyghte.
lintel. Oaf. Gloss. Arch. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f . 48.
BREAT. A kind of turbot, mentioned in Ordi- BREE. (1) A bank; a declivity. North.
nances and Regulations, p. 296.
BREATH. (1) Breathing; exercise. ShaL (2) Agitation. North.
"3) To frighten. North.
" To breathe in your watering," to take breath An eyebrow. Var. dial Palsgrave has,
while drinking, a Shakespearian phrase. " Bree of the eye,poilde loiel," subst. f. 21.
2 A smile. Somerset. For hir hare and brees shone lyke the golde,
3 To bray ; to neigh. Devon. The best maid thynge that ever tredde molde,
4 Smell ; scent ; odour. West. MS. Lansd. 208, f. 22.
5 Futuo. " And thmk'st thou to breath me BREECH. To flog ; to whip.
upon trust *' Heywood's Royall King, 1 637, BREECHES-BIBLE. One of our translations
sig. F. iii. This is a meaning 'that has been of the Bible from the Geneva edition, on
overlooked. « Here is a lady that wants which some ridicule has been thrown on ac-
breathing too,5!' Pericles, ii. 3. count of the following words, " And they
BREATHING-HOLE. A vent-hole in a cask. sewed fig-tree leaves together, and made
BREATHING-WHILE. A time sufficient for themselves breeches," Gen. iii. 7. The pecu-
drawing breatk; any very short period of liarity isimaginary, the same word occurring
time. Nares. in several of the early translations. See
BREAU. Spoon meoh-^Nort/i. Douce's Illustrations, i. 378.
BREC. Broke. Rob. Glouc. p. 490. Breche, BREECHMEN. Sailors. See a list of obsolete
breaking, fracture, Kyng AHsaunder, 2168. words prefixed to Batman uppon Bartholome,
BRECHE. (1) Breeches. (X-&) 1582.
(2) The buttocks of a deer. BREED. To piaic. South.
 209 BRE
BRE
BREED-BATE. A maker of contention. Maundevile's Travels, p. 55 ; Todd's Illustra-
BREEDER. A fine day. East. tions, p.219.
No so hote fyre ys yn no land,
BREEDING-IN-AND-IN. Crobsing the breed.
BREEDS. The brims of a hat. Glouc. As hyt ys aboute me brennand.
MS. Harl. 1701, f. 15.
BREEK. Breeches. North. Also breeJes. See
And kyndels thai re willes with the fyre of love,
Skelton, ii. 173 ; bryk, Songs and Carols, x. ; makand thaim hate and brynnand witMn, and fayre
Ritson's Ancient Songs, p. 51 ; breke, Lang- and lufely in Jhesu Crist eghe.
MS. Coll. Eton. 10, f. 1.
toft, p. 161, where the French original reads
brayse. Breek-girdille, Maundevile's Travels, BRENNINGLY. Hotly. (A.-S.)
p. 50, a kind of girdle round the middle of BRENT. Steep. North.
the body, zona circa renes, Ducange in v. BRENWATER. Aqua fortis.
Renale. BRENYEDE. Brave ; courageous. (X-M)
He made hym nakyd, for he was meke, I salle to bateJle the brynge of brenyede knyghtes
Save hys schurte and hys breke. Thyrtty thosaunde be tale, thryftye in armes.
MS. Cantab. Ff.ii.38, f. 163. Morte Arthur e, MS. Lincoln, f. 56.
At ys breggurdle that swerd a-stod. BRERD. Surface ; top ; brim. (^.-£)
MS. dshmole 33, f. 39.
BRERE. (1) Briar. (A.-N.) See Chaucer, Cant.
BREEL. A contentious person ? [Brethel ?] T. 1534 ; Reliq. Antiq. ii. 82.
Why lowtt je nat low to my lawdabyll presens,,
Ye brawlyng breels and blabyr-lyppyd bycchys. (2) To sprout. North.
Bigby Mysteries, p. 107. BRERE WOOD. Cotgrave has, " Aik, a wing ;
BREEN. A goblin. North. also, the brimme or brerewood of a hat.;r Can*
BREER. A briar. North. gives oreward as still in use in the same sense.
BRERN. A man. Ps.Cott.
BREEZE. (1) To lean hard. Devon. BRESE. To bruise. (A.-N.) See Towneley
(2) A quarrel. Var. dial Myst. p. 214 ; Skelton, ii 100 ; Leg. CathoL
BREFF. Brief ; short. Shak.
BREFFET. To ransack. Line.
p.
Ful 199.
faste
they wrastyn, no thyng they wounden,
BRE GEN. They break, pi. Nodes they mote brese foule hys honden.
BREGGE. A bridge. Lyb. Disc. 1271. MS. Hart. 1701, f. 90.
BREGID. Abridged ; shortened. And set hur upon an olde stede,
BREID. Sorrow ? That was bresyd and blynde.
For evere were thou luther and les, MS. Canto6.Ff.ii.38, f. 7*
For to brewe me bitter breid, BRESSEMOR. A beam. North.
And me to puyten out of pees. BRESTE.Bothe
(1) thorow
To burst. (4.-S.)
owt back and bone,
Waltei' Mapes, p. 342.
He made the blode to owt bre&te,
BREKE. To part; to break. North. " Poverte MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 58, f. 80.
brekys companye," MS. Douce 52. {A.-S.)
BREKET. A pike? Meyrick. (2) A burst of sorrow.
All that there were, bothe moost and leeste,
BREME. (1) Fierce ; furious ; vigorous, (A.-S.} Of Gye they had a, grete breste.
See Warton's Hist. Engl. Poet. i. 201 ; Chau- MS. Cantab. Ff, ii. 38, f. 148.
cer, Cant. T. 1701 ; Leg. Cathol. p. 17 ; Re- BRESURE. A bruise or sore.
liq. Antiq. ii. 7; Amaclas, 171; Towneley Myst. BRET. To fade away; to alter. Kent. See Ken-
p. 197 ; Piers Ploughman, p. 241 ; Ritson's nett, MS. Lansd. 1033. Standing corn so
Songs, i. 58, 64 ; Depos. Ric. II. p. 27. Also ripe that the grain falls out, is said to bret
spelt Mm, as in Langtoft, p. 154. The term out.
is still applied to a sow marts appetens. BRETAGE. A parapet.
They ar bold and breme as bate.
MS. Sari. 2252, f. 89. Thanne alle the folke of that cete"
Rane the geaunte for to see,
(2) Briny ? cuirass ? Or very possibly the word At the bretage thare he stode.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 103.
may be incorrectly written for brenie in MS. Whenne he had slayne the knyghtes fyve>
Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 88.
Agayne to the walles ganne he dryve,
BREN. Bran. North. See an early instance And over the bretage ganne lye. Ibid. f. 1031
in Piers Ploughman, p. 128. BRETAGED. Embattled.
Than take an hanfulle of brenne, and putt hit Towred withe torettes was the tente thanne,
into the herbis, that hit wexe summewhat rownde And aftur bretaged abowte bryjte to byholde.
and thykke. MS. Med. Coll. Eman. f. 18. MS. Cott. Califf.A. ILL 112,
BRENCH. The brink. Ellis, ii. 138. BRETEXED. Embattled. Lyffgate.
BREN-CHEESE. Bread and cheese. South.
BRETFULL. Brimful. See Todd's Illustra-
BRENDE. (1) To make broad; to spread about. tions, p.324 ; Chaucer, Cant T. 689, 2166 j
North. Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033.
House of Fame, iii. 1033; Wright's Seven
(2) Burnished. Sages, p. 33.
BRENDSTON. Brimstone. Sulphur vivum, Tak the leves of henbayne one Missomer evene,
MS. Sloane 5, f. 9. and stampe thame a littille, and fille a mekille pott
BRENNE. To burn. (^.-£) See Kyng Ali- bretfulle* and thirlle the pott in the bothome.
MS. Line. M&d. f. 306.
saunder, 4881; Minors Poems, p. 23; Piers
Ploughman, p. 367 ; Leg. CathoL p. 224 ; BRETH. Kagejaiiger.
W
 BUI 210
BRI
BRETHELING. A worthless person. See Ar- BRIBAGE, Bribery. See Harrison's Description
of England, p. 149.
thour and Merlin, pp. 7, 219 ; Beves of Ham-
toun, p. 81. Brethellys, Cov. Myst. p. 308 ; BRIBE. To rob; to steal. (A.-N.) "Have
and breyel in Prompt. Parv. p. 50, seems to s.be stolen and bribed signetts;" Rot. Parl. as
an error for brethel, translated by miserculu quoted by Tyrwhitt, v. 33. Palsgrave has,
BRETISE. S&Bretage. " I bribe, I pull, I pyll," f. 174. « Divide me
BRETYNYD. Carved ; cut up. (A.-S.) like a IriVd buck, each a haunch," says
He broghte in that brynande evoke, Falstaff, Merry Wives, v, 5, which modern
And bretynyd saules, and alle to-schoke. editors most unaccountably alter. Was the
R. deBrunne, JUS. Bowes, p. 1. allusion unnatural for a man who had so re-
cently MUed deer, and broken open a lodge ?
BREVE. (1) To tell; to speak; to inform^ to BRIBOUR. A robber. Also, a beggar. (A.-N.}
esteem, or account. Also, to mark, to write.
Pol. See Cov. Myst. p. 183 ; Prompt. Parv. p. 50,
See Boke of Curtasye, p. 23 ; Wright's translated by manticulus.
Songs, p. 156; Ordinances and Regulations, BRICCO. Brittle. Chesh.
p. 47; Hardyng's Chronicles, and f. 102. Breve- BRICHE. Happy.
ment, an account, Ordinance Regulations,
p. 71 ; brever, ib. p. 70. BRICK. (1) To break by pulling back. Hence
in Kent, to Iricken and to brittenwp the head
533; Sharp's
Myst.short
Brief;
(2)Cov. p. 157.See Octovian, is to hold it up" and backward. Kennett.
BREVET. (1) A little brief, or letter. (A.-N.)of (2) A kind of loaf. Var. dial
See Piers Ploughman, pp. 5, 116 ; Boke (3) A rent or Made flaw. ofDevon.
BRICKEN. brick. South.
Curtasye, p. 22. Brevetowulus, re, a porter or car-
rier of letters, breviger Ducange and BRICKETTES. The pieces of armour which
Prompt. Parv. covered the loins, and joined the tassets.
BRICK-KEEL. A brick-kiln. South. Floriohas
(2) To move about inquisit ively ; to search dili- the term in v. Mattoniera.
gently into anything. West,
BREVIALL, A breviary. BRICKLE. Brittle. North. See Topsell's Foure-
BREVIATURE. A note of abbreviation. See footed Beasts, p. 321 ; Harrison's Description
the Nomenclator, p. 9. t of England, pp. 21, 213, 221 ; Romeus and
BREW. A kind of bird, mentioned in the Juliet, p. 56.
Archaeologia, xiit 341. BRICKNOGGIN. An old strong mode of build-
BREWARD. A blade of corn. North. ing with frequent wooden right-ups,.or studds,
BREWER 'S-HORSE. A drunkard was some- filled in between with bricks. Half-timbered
times said to be " one -whom the brewer's BRICKSTONE. houses are called brick-pane buildings.
's notes A brick. North. Also called a
horse hath bit." See Mr, Cunningham p. 72. Falstaff
to Rich's Honestie of this Age, brick-tile.
compares himself to a brewer's horse, 1 Henry BRICK- WALLS. To swallow one's meat with-
' IV. iii. 3, in a contemptuous manner. out chewing, is sometimes called making
BREWET. Pottage ; broth. (A.-S.) Brouwys, brick-walls.
Richard Coer de Lion, 3077. This probably BRICOLE. (1) The rebound of a ball after a
differed from the North country brewis, which side stroke at tennis. In English often called
is made of slices of bread, with fat broth a bric&-waU} as in Hollyband and Cotgrave,
poured over them. " Adipatum est quodlibet in v. Bricole; brickoll, Florio, in v. Briccola.
edulum adipe mpinguatum, browesse," Reliq. (2) An ancient military engine, used for batter-
Antiq. i. 7. Cf. Withals7 Dictionarie, ed. 1 608, ing down walls. (A.-N.} See Du Bartas,
brews.
152, cleere
pt Take water for strong wine, browne bread
for fine manchet, beefe and brewis for quailes and BRID. p. 491. A bird. (A.-S.') See Minot's Poems,
p. 31; Hartshorne's Met. Tales, .p. 53;
partridge. Lyly's Euphues. Chaucer, Cant. T. 10925. The herb bird's-
BREWLEDE. The leaden cooling vessel used tongue is called briddestonge in MS. Sloane 5,
by brewers. f.6.
BREWSTER. A brewer. North. I am as joly as brid on bough. MS. Chetham, 6C80.
BREYDE. (1) A board. (A.-S.) BRIDALE. SeeJBredale.
(2) Force ; violence. BRIDDIS. Brood; family. (4.-SJ
A squyer brake a bogh with grete I>vey6.e, Anoone he ordeynide a vessel afore hir hole, ande
Hyt bledd on hym bothe honde and face. put therin everi daye milke, that the serpent withe
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 46. his briddis myght licke hit oute.
Gesta Romanorum, p. 196.
(3) To frighten ; to startle.
BREYT. Broth. BRIDE. (1) A bridle. (A.-N.)
BRE3E, To frighten. (A.-S.) (2) Florio, in v. Cincischidre, has, " to mince or
BREJET. Breath. In MS. Med. Coll. Eman. bride it at the table or in speech as some af-
f. 3, a kind of aqua-vita is said to " amend fected women use." Lilly, in his Mother
Bombie, applies the term to the behaviour of
stynkyng brevet, jif a man drynk it."
BRIAN. To keep fire at the mouth of an oven. newly-married people.
North. I BRIDE-DOOR. To run for the bride-door, is to
 211 BRI
Bill
start for a favour given by a bride to be run for BRIKE. Breach ; ruin. (A.-S.)
by the youth of the neighbourhood, who wait BRIM. (1) Sea; flood; river. Sea-sand is still
at the church-door until the marriage is over, called brim-sand in Dorset.
and then run to the bride's door. The prize a (2) The same as breme, q. v.
riband, which is worn for the day in the hat of (3) The forehead. North. This seems to be the
the winner. North. right meaning in Octovian, 93 .
BRIDE-LACES, A kind of broad riband or (4) To bring. Public;East. known.
small streamer, often worn at weddings, al- BRIMME.
luded to in the Gamester, iii. 3, and by BRIMMER. A hat. North.
Laneham. BRIMMLE. A bramble. West. Huloet,1552,
BRIDEWELL. A well-known prison, and has Irymole. Brymmeylle, bremmyll, Pr.
henee generally applied, as in the OptickGlasse Paro.
of Humors, 1639, p. 21, BRIMS. A gadfly. Kent. See Keunett, MS.
BRIDGE-PIN. Part of a gun, mentioned in Lansd. 1033, who gives the phrase, "You
Blome's Gent. Rec. ii. 124. have a Irims in your tail," i. e. are always
BRIDGES. A kind of thread. running about. Brimsey occurs in Cotgrave,
BRIDLE. An aneient instrument for punishing in v. Desire / Topsell's History of Serpents,
a scold 5 one of them still exists at Congleton. p. 247 ; and Skinner refers to Higins for it.
See England and Wales, p. 519. " To bite BRIMSTONE. Rampant. South.
on the bridle," to suffer great hardships. BRINCH. To drink in answer to a pledge.
BRIDLEGGED. Weak in the legs. Chesh. Lyly's Mother Bombie, ed. 1632, sig. Aa. vii.
BRIDLE-ROAD. A road for a horse only. Also Bryncher, Gascoyne's Delicate Diet, 1576.
called a bridle-sty and a bridle-way. Nares is at fault with respect to this word,
BRIDLING. A bitch mans appetens. •which is sometimes spelt brindice.
BRIDLING-CAST. A parting turn or cast. BRINDED. Fierce. Devon.
See Skelton, ii. 117. BRINDLED. Streaked; variously coloured.
BRIDRIS. Breeders. BRINGEN, To bring. (A,-S.} "To bring one
BRIDWORT. Meadow-sweet. going," to bring one on one's way, to accom-
BRIEF. (1) A petition; any short paper, or pany aperson part of a journey.
speech ; a letter. See Towneley Myst. p. 127 ; BRINI. A cuirass. See Kyng Alisaunder, 1249,
Ellis's Met. Rom. ii. 118. Hence an abstract, 1869, 5149; Kyng Horn, 1230; Kyng of
an account. The word is still retained by Tars, 949 ; Horn Childe, p, 284 ; Gy of War-
lawyers. Tvike, p. 140; Minot's Poems, p. 171;
(2) Rife ; common j prevalent. Shale. Still used Arthour and Merlin, p. 287 ; Sir Tristrem, pp.
in the provinces, but chiefly applied to epide- 147,301.
mic disorders. Buskede iabrenyes bryghte to behalde.
Mmte Arthure, MS. Lincoln, f. 80.
(3) A horse-fly. Elyot, in v. Oestrum, says,
" it semeth to bee the fly called a Iriefe or BRINKLE. A dog "with one patch of black
horse flie, by reason that it doeth so vexe cat- brown Irinkle on the left eye and left ear"
is mentioned in the Times, April 24, 1845.
tell in sommer tyme." BRINK-WARE. Small faggots to repair the
(4) A breve in music. banks of rivers. East.
BRIG. An utensil used in brewing and in
dairies to set the strainer upon. North. A BRIOT. Burnt. (A.-S.)
The trees hit brast, the erthe 6n«f,
kind of iron, set over a fire, is so called. At Gesson londe there hit stint.
BRIGANT. A robber or plunderer. Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 38.
BRIGANTAYLE. Brigandine, an extremely BRISE. (1) To bruise ; to break.
pliable kind of armour, consisting of small
plates of iron sewn upon quilted linen or (2) A bristle. North.
leather. See Holinshed, Hist. Ireland, p. 16 ; (3) Fallow ground. East.
BRISK- ALE. Ale of a superior quality. See
Test Vetust. p: 189. Toulmin's Hist, of Taunton, p. 25.
Of arm is oifof brigantayle,
Stood nothynge thanne upon batayle. BRISKEN. To be lively.
Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 32. BRISLE-DICE. A kind of false dice.
BRIGE. Contention. (A.-N.} BRISS. Dust ; rubbish. Devon. Briss-and-biif-
BRIGGE. Abridge. North. tons, sheep's droppings.
BRIGGEN. To abridge. Briggid, abridged, BRISSE. To bruise.
Langtoft, p. 247. BRISSLE. To scorch; to dry. North.
Byreven man his helthe and his welfare, BRISSOUR. A. sore place; a chap. (Dan.) The
And his dayes briggett, and schorte his lyf. term occurs in MS. Med. Line. f. 299. Com-
Occleve, MS* Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 251.
BRIGHT. Celandine.
pare MS. Med. Coll, Eman. fol 19, " also it is
good emplastres forwowndis that ben ranclyd,
BRIGHTSOME. Bright. See Holinshed, Hist.
for to sese Bursts.
ache, and do awey brisouris"
England, p. 99 ; Stanihurst's Descr. of Ireland, BRISTEZ.
Of myne hard faerie than es gret wondire,
p. 28.
BRIGIRDLE. See Bree&. That it for sorowe tristes noghte in sundyre,
BRIK. Narrow; straight. Coles, MS. Lincoln JV. i. 17, f. 190.
 BRO 212 BEO
BRIST-HIGH. Violent. YorJksh. BRO AN. A faggot. North.
BRISTLE-TAIL. A gadfly. North. BROB. To prick with a bodkin. North.
BRIT. To indent ; to bruise. West, It is also BROBILLANDE. Weltering.
another form of brute. Many a balde manne laye ihere swykede,
Sj-obillande in his blode. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 115.
BRITAIN-CROWN. A. gold coin, worth about
BROC. A rupture.
five shillings.
BRITH. Wrafch ;See Snelling's Coins, p. 24.
contention. BROCAGE. A treaty by a broker or agent.
BRITONNER. A swaggerer. Skinner. (A.-N.} See Piers Ploughman, pp. 33, 289 ;
BR1TTENE. To cut up ; to carve ; to break, or Reliq. Antiq. ii. 239.
BROCALE. Broken victuals. Pr. Parv.
divide into fragments. (A.-S.) Used in the
BRO CHE. See Broach.
North, according to Kennett's Glossary, p. 33.
SRC Langtoft, p. 244 ; Robson's Romances, BROCKET. A brocket, q. v. See Hawkins1
p. 64 ; Illust. of Fairy Mythology, p. 67. Engl. Dram. iii. 238.
Wenez thow to brittene hyra with thy brande ryche. BROCHT. Brought.
Morte Arthwe, MS. Lincoln, f. 63. BROCK, (1) A badger. It is the translation of
BRITTLING. The slow-worm. carter in MS. Coll. Jes. Oxon. 28, so that it
BRIZE. A gadfly.
BRO. Brow ; brink. was probably also applied to a beaver. " Taxus,
a brokke," Reliq. Antiq. i. 7. Cf. Mirror for
BROACH. (1) A spit. Also a verb, to spit or Magistrates, p. 119 ; Reliq. Antiq. ii. 79, 83 ;
transfix, as in MS. Morte Arthure, f. 65. Ken- Ywaine and Gawin, 98 ; Dial. Creat. Moral,
nett says, " in Yorkshire they call a scewer or p. 260j Hers Ploughman, p. 119. It is also
any sharp pointed stick a firoche. as also the a term of contempt, as in Peele's Jests, p. 22.
spindle stick whereon the thread or yarn is (2) A cabbage. North.
wound." The term is applied to a larding-pin (3) A piece or fragment. West.
in Warner's Antiq. Culin. p. 43. Broche- (4) A cow or husbandry horse. North. Brock-
turners, lads who turned the spit, ib. p, 97. ing mongrel, a vicious jade.
Cf. Tundale, p. 13.
(5) The insect that produces the froth called
(2) A steeple. North. The term is now nearly cuckoo-spittle. Var. dial
obsolete, A pyramidical spire is still called a
broach-steeple, a phrase which occurs in the (6) A brocket, q. v. Florio has, " Ceroiatto, a
Optick Glasse of Humors, 1639, p. 41. brocke or To
BKOCKE. a staggard."
brook ; to enjoy.
(3) A taper ; a torch. See Piers Ploughman, BROCKET. According to Twici, Reliq. Antiq.
p. 362 ; Anturs of Arth. xxxv. 9. i, 151, and Harrison, Description of England,
(4) An irregular growing of a tooth. Topsell's p. 226, a stag in its second year, but Blome,
Foure-footed Beasts, pp. 159, 331. Phillips ii. 75, says the name is given to a stag in its
has drochity, a crookedness, especially of the third year, which agrees with the Maystre of
teeth.
the Game, MS. Bodl. 546.
(5) A kind of buckle or clasp ; a breast-pin ; a BROCKLE. Brittle. North. It is found in
sort of jewel or ornament ; an ornamental pin Huloet, 1552, and is also applied to cattle apt
or loop. See Kyng Alisaunder, 6842 ; Richard to break through a field.
Coer de Lion, 2067, The term is also used BROCOUR. A seller
metaphorically for ornament With avarice usur£ orI broker.
syje, (A.-N.)
f6) To deflower. Miege. With his brocouris that renne aboute.
(7) According to Polwhele, a sharply pointed Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 154.
stick to thrust into mows of corn. A rod of BRODDLE. To make holes. North.
willow or hazle used by thatchers is so called. BRODE. To prick. North. Florio mentions
Var. dial a kind of nail so called, ed. 1611, p. 68, which
(8) A spur. Also a verb, to spur. " Ther stedes may be Chem. the same
brooked thei fast," Langtoft, p. 277. Theat. Brit.with brodyke in Ashmole's
p. 132.
) To shape stones roughly. North. BRODEKINS. Buskins or half-boots, similar
0) A fishing-hook. Prompt Parv. to what were afterwards called startups, and
BROAD. A large flooded fen. East. generally worn by rustics. (Fr.)
BROAD-ARROW. An arrow with a very large BRODEL. A brothel. Harrison's Descr. of Eng-
head, and forked. land, p.216. Also a term of abuse.
BROAD-BAND. Corn laid out in the sheaf on BRODELYCHE. Strong; furious.
the band, and spread out to dry after rain. BRODID. Spread.
North. BRODS. Money. Line.
BRO AD-BE ST. The best suit of apparel. East. BROERH. Tractable. (A.-S.)
BROAD-CAST. Corn sown by the hand and not BROG. (1) A swampy or bushy place. North.
drilled. South.
(2) To crop. YorJcsh.
BROAD-HEADS. The heads of broad-arrows, (3) To brog; a method of catching eels with orogs
used for shooting. or small sticks, which is called brogging. North.
BROAD-SET. Short and thick. The term is
applied to cloth in Strutt, ii. 94. (4) A trick. East.
BROGGER. A badger who deals in corn. See
SROAK. To belch. East.
Holinshecl, iii. 1588."
 BRO 213 ERO
BROGUES. (1) Coarse shoes. SAa£. Accord- BRONDIT. Branded; burnt. Huloet has
brondon in the same sense.
ing to Kennett, " a sort of shoe made of the
rough hide of any beast, commonly used by BRONE. Brown.
the wilder Irish." See Holinshed, Chron, BRONG. Brought. North.
Ireland, p. 160. BRONNYN. Burn, destroy, pi.
(2) Breeches. Suffolk. BROls STROP. A prostitute.
BROIDED. Braided ; woven. (A.-N.) BROO. (1) Brother. North.
BROIDEN. Interwoven ? (2} The top of anything.
Lond of lif , of roo and rest, Tak a knyfe, and schere it smal, the rute and alle,
With blis and bote In-oiden best. and set he it in water ; take the bn>o of that, and lat«
Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 7. it go thorow a clowte. 3/5. Line. Med. f. 293.
BROK. The name of an inferior horse, men- BROOCH. See Broach.
tioned byChaucer, Cant. T. 7125, and said by BROO-CHIP. A person of the same trade, or
Brand to be still in use, i. 293. Kennett says, likeness. North.
" hence the name of brockman in Kent, i. e. BROOD. To cherish.
horseman." See Brock (4). " BroJc, an old BROOD-HEN-STAR. A star mentioned by
sword," Ash, Florio, in v. Vergilie.
BKOKALY. Broken victuals. BROODLE. To cuddle. North.
BROKDOL. Brittle. Prompt. Parv. BROODY. Sullen ; ill-tempered. Dorset.
BROKE. (1) To deal or transact a business, BROOK. (1) To brook up, spoken of clouds
particularly of an amorous nature ; to act as a when they draw together, and threaten raiu.
procurer. Nares. South. Tusser uses the word.
(2) A breach. Becon. Hence a misdeed, or (2) A boil or abscess. Line. Given by Skin-
crime. ner, but now obsolete.
(3) A brook. (A-S.} (3) To keep food on the stomach; to digest.
(4) To keep safe. Skinner. Palsgrave.
(5) A rupture. Kent. BROOM-DASHER. A dealer in faggots, brooms,
(6) Sheep are said to broke when lying under a &c. Kent.
broken bank. North.
BROKE-BAKKYDE. Crookbacked. Pr.Parv. BROOM-FIELD. To sweep broom-field, to in-
herit the whole property; to get possession of
BROKELEAK. The water-dock. the whole of anything. East.
BROKELETTES. Fragments. BROOM-GROVES. A passage in the Tempest,
BROKELL. Rubbish. Huloet. Brokle, brittle, iv. 1, has occasioned some difficulty, on ac-
Elyot, in v. Aloe. count of a mention of the shadow of a broom-
BROKEN. A brook. Skinner.
grove. It appears from Prompt. Parv. p. 53,
BROKEN-BEER. Remnants of beer, as we that the term brome was also applied to the
now say broken victuals. Any single odd tamarisk ; but there is no necessity for sup-
money, according to Kennett, is called broken posing that to be the tree alluded to by
money.
Shakespeare. See Gerard, p. 1132; Two
BROKER, A pander or go-between. Lancashire Lovers, 1640, p. 222. That one
BROKET. (1) A lark. Norfhumt. See Pen- species of broom would afford shade is appa-
nant's Tour in Scotland, 1790, i. 48. rent from the following passage :
(2) A brook. " A broket to the sea" is men- In a bromfeld ther wer hidde
tioned inLelandi Itin. iii. 18, 24, 132.
(3) A torch or taper. Thre hundred Sarrazins -wele y-schridde.
Gy of Warwi ke, p. 292.
BROKKING. Throbbing; quivering. BROOMSTAFF. The handle of a broom. Henry
BROKLEMBE. The herb orpin. It is the VIII. v. 3.
translation of fabaria in MS. Sloane 5, f. 5. BROSE. To bruise.
Spelt broklemp in Arch. xxx. 405. Ther were menne brayned and brosed to the deth.
BROL. A child or brat. (A.-S.) MS. Cott. Culig. A. li. f, 117.
BROLL. Part ; piece. Coles. BROSELEY. A pipe, so called from a place
BROM. The bit of a bridle. North.
in Shropshire famous for their manufacture.
BROMIDGHAM. A corruption of Birmingham. BROSE WORT. Henbane. It is translated by
A Bromidgham groat, a spurious fourpenny- simphoniata in MS. Sloane 5, f. 9. Gerard
piece. A person neither \Vhig nor Tory, but has it in his supplement, but according to him
between both, was called a Bromidgham. it is the consolida minor.
BRONCHED. Pierced.
B ROSIER. A bankrupt. Chesh.
BRONDE. (1) A sword; a club. BROSSHING. Gathering sticks or bushes.
Or thou passe thorow my honde,
And Mordelay my gode bronde.
BROSTEN. Burst North.
MS. Cantab. Ft. il. 38, f* 101. Stones brosten, the erth schoke,
He schulde hym dry ve to grounde And dede folk ganne awake.
MS. Aahmole 41, f. 134.
With that bronde in a lytylle stounde,
1W. f. 246. BROTCHET. A thin liquor made from the last
(2) A torch. (^.-M) squeezings of a honey-comb. North.
BROND'IRON. A s^rd, Spenser, BROTEL. Brittle ; unsteady. (jf.-S.)
 214
BBO
Bill!
BROT-GROUXb. Ground newly broken np, BROWNISTS. A sect founded by Robert Brown
Westmoreland. of Rutlandshire, temp. Elizabeth, and violently
BROTH. Pottage. North. Often a plural opposed to the Church of England. They are
noun, a few broth. A " broth of a boy," an alluded to by Shakespeare and most writers of
excellent fellow. his time.
BROTH-BELLY. A glutton. North. BROWN-LEEMERS. Ripe brown nuts. Called
BROTHE. (1) Enraged. Brothefulle, angry also IrownsJiullers. The term is figuratively
violent, Langtoft, p. 55. applied to generous persons, North.
(-2) Abroad. North. BROWSAGE. Browsing.
BROTHEL. A wretch; a worthless person, BROW-SQUARE. A triangular piece of linen,
(A.-S.) See Bretheling. The term was often usually bound about the head of an infant just
born. West.
applied to a harlot, especially by later writers
Elyot translates meretrijc, tl an harlot, s BROWYLLINGE. Broiling. See a curious
urathel" and the word also occurs in Skelton drawing of Indians browy Hinge their fish in
and Piers Ploughman. MS. Sloane 1622, f, 83. Broylly, broiled,
BROTHERED. Embroidered. Maundevile, p. 107.
BROTHERHED. Brotherly affection. (A.-S. BROYLERY. A tumult.
BROTHER-IN-LAW. A half-brother. East. BRUCE. Pottage.
BROTHER-LAW. A brother-in-law. West. BRUCHE. A brook. Reliq.Antiq. ii. 272,277.
BROTHERWORT. Pennyroyal. Also, a broach, as in the MS. Morte Arthure.
BROTHLY, Angrily ; violently. See Brothe BRUCK. A field-cricket. North.
and Sir Perceval, 2123. BRUCKELED. Wet and dirty; begrimed. East.
4.nd than the Bretons Irothefy enbrasscz theire scheldez Herrick has the word, i. 126. Keunett, p. 137,
Murte Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f. 71
says " to brookle or brukle in the North is to
BROTHY. Hard; stiff. (^.-£) make wet Toandsuffer dirty."
BROTTS. Fragments ; droppings. North. BRUDLE. a child to He till he is fully
BROUD. A forehead. West. awake. Devon.
BROUDER. Embroidery. BRUE. To embrue.
BROUGH, A kind of halo. North. BRUET. A kind of thick pottage. SeeTowne-
BROUGH-WHAM. According to Kennett, a ley Myst. p. 43 ; Ordinances and Regulations,
dish made of cheese, eggs, clap-bread, anc p. 446 ; Reliq. Antiq. ii. 30.
butter, boiled together. Lane. Brockett BRUIT. (1) Hearty; jolly; healthy; proud;
writes it JBrouffhton, and says it is an olc elated. Also, rough in manners. Also, to go
Northumbrian dish, composed of two cakes, to Iruff, the same as brim, applied to a sow.
with thin slices of cheese in the middle. Var. dial.
BROUKE. To use ; to enjoy. (.£-£) (2) Brittle. Dorset.
Take Mr here and brouJce hir wel, BRUGG. Abridge. (A.-S.)
Of thin wol I never a del
Cursor Jtfundi, HIS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 16. BRUIT. A rumour or report. See Heywood's
Iron Age, sig. C. iii. ; Elyot, in v. Ascribo.
BROUS. Brows ; foreheads.
Come fcndes fele with lothely brous, BRUITIST. A brute. See Heywood's Royall
And fylcten ful alle the hous. King and Loyall Subject, 1637, sig. F. iii.
MS. Sari. 1/01, f. 53. BRULLIMENT. A broil. North.
BROUSE. Brushwood. West. BRUMBLE-GELDER. A farmer. East.
BROUSTE. Nourished. BRUMMELL. A bramble. Hants.
BROUT. A moment of time. BRUMMOCK. A kind of knife. Salop.
BROUTH. Brought. BRUMP. To lop trees in the night surrep-
titiously. East.
BROW. (1) Brittle. Wilts. BRUMSTONY. Brimstone.
(2) Saucy ; pert. North. BRUN. To burn. North.
BROWDED. Embroidered. (A.-N.)
Hath on her tapites sondrt- hewes sene BRUNE. Brown. (A.-S.)
Of freash floures that so welle bromied bene. BRUNGEON. A brat ; a poor child. Kent.
MS. Cantab. Ff, i. 6, f. 11. BRUNSWICK. A kind of dance.
BROWDEN. Anxious for ; attached to. Also, BRUNSWYNE. A seal. Pr. Parv, It is trans -
vain, conceited. North. lated by foca, suillus, and delpMnus. Ducange,
BROWDENE. Broad ; extended. (.!,£.) in v. Foca, says it is the boca, a fish for which
BROWEN. Browed. Elyot could not find a name in English, in v.
BROWING. Soup ; pottage. Bocas.
BROWN-BILL. The bill, an ancient weapon of BRUNT. Sharp to the taste. North.
the English soldiery. BRUNTE. To make a start ; to leap.
BROWN-CLOCK. The cockchafer. North. BRURE. Brushwood. West.
BROWN-CROPS. Pulse. Gloue BRUSELL. To bruise, or break.
BROWN-DAY. A gloomy day. Wilts BRUSH. (1) Stubble. Staff.
BROWN-DEEP. Lost in" reflection . Kent. (2) To splash hedges. Jorksh.
BROWN-GEORGE. A coarse kind of bread; '3) A nosegay. Devon.
also, a large earthen pitcher. 4) The tail of a fox.
 BRY 215 BUG
(5) To jump quickly. Var. dial BRYON. Wild nepte.
BRUSHALY. A bush or branch of a tree. BRYSTE. Need; want.
BRUSLERY. A tumult. Lord, when saghe we the have hunger or thryste,
Or of herber have grette bryste.
BRUSS. (1) Proud ; upstart. Sussex. MS. Coll. Sion. xviii, 6.
(2) The dry spine of furze broken off. Devon.
BRUSSCHET. A bush, or thicket. BRYSWORT. The less daisy.
And in that iJke brusschet by BRYTTYNE. See Brittene. Bryttle, to cut
Five thousant of othre and more. up venison, still used in the North.
MS. Ashmole 33, f. 10. To bryttyne the bare thay went fulle tite ;
BRUST. (1) A bristle. Ellis, ii. 311. Hence Thar wolde BO knyves in hym bytte,
So hard of hyde was he.
rough, or covered with bristles, as in Wright's MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. HI.
Pol. Songs, p. 151. BRYVE. Brief.
(2) To burst. North.
BRUSTING-SATURDAY. The Saturday before BU. (1) An ox. (A.-N.)
Shrove-Tuesday, on which day there is eaten (2) To bend. North.
BUB. Liquor. Var. dial. Hence luller, a
frying-pan pudding, made of the same material
as a pancake, but stirred up and thick, and great drinker or bibber, as in Middleton's
Works, iv. 121.
breaking into crumbly pieces. Line.
BRUSTLE. To crackle, to make a noise like BUBALLE. An ox. See Liber Niger Domus
straw or small wood in burning; to rustle. Regis Edw. IV. p. 17. " Bulalust a wod or
Also, to parch. East. zdufyl," MS. Harl. 1738, f. 10.
And March that all doth parch, BUBBLE. (1) A simple fellow.
And brustleth all aboute, (2) To cheat. Var. dial
Joth dry the waies that winter wetes, (3) To dabble in the water.
And dost doth fill the route. BUBBLE-AND-SQUEAK. A dish composed
MS. Ashmole 384, f. 188. of fried beef and cabbage.
BRUSY. Begone! Beds.
BUBBLE-HOLE, A child's game. There is
BRUTE. Rough. Drayton has this word, p. 21, also a game called Bubble the Justice, which,
and it occurs in Robert of Gloucester.
according to some, is the same with nine-holes.
BRUTEL. Brittle. MS. Bodl. 294, reads Iritel BUBBLY-JOCK. A turkey-cock. North.
in the following passage. BUB-STICHALL. See SttchalL
The worlde is passed and agone, BUBUKLE. A botch or imposthume. (Lat.}
And nowe upon his olde tone
It stant of brutel erthe and stele, BUCHT. A milking or herding place for sheep.
The whiehe acorden never a dele.
Northuffib.
Cower, ed. 1532, f. 6. BUCK. (1) To wash. Also, a quantity of linen
BRUTS. Old clothes. North. washed at once, a tub full of linen in buck.
BRUTTE. To browse. South. Hence, to wash a buck, to wash a tub of that
BRUTTLE. Furious ; wild. Var. dial. kind, a phrase punned upon by Shakespeare,
BRUYSE. Brewis. Hutoet. and has been misunderstood. " Buck-ashes,
BRUZZ. To -blunt. Yorl-sh. the ashes whereof lye hath bin made," Cot-
BRUZZLED. Over-roasted. North. grave, in v. Cham^e. Buck-basket, the basket
BRWKE. To brook, or enjoy. in which linen is carried. JSouc&fatt, Unton
No gyfte ne grace, nother thare gase, Inventories, p. 28, a washing-tub. JBufcked,
Bot brwke as we hafe broghte.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 2ia
drenched, applied generally by Fabian. " Bu~
cdto, washt in a buck," Florio.
BRY. A kind of tart.
BRYARY. A place where briars grow. Haloet. (2)a Abuck," gay or fashionable person. " As merry as
BUlingsly's Brachy-Martyrologia,
BRYBRE. Robbery. 1657, p. 187.
BRYCHE. Low. And of these berded bucltys also,
Now ys Pers bycome Iryclie, With hemself they inoche mysdo.
That er was bothe stoute and ryche. MS. Harl, 1701, f. 22.
MS. Hart. 17W, f. 39.
(3) The body of a waggon. East. Also, the
BRYDE. Bowed ; broke. iron to which the horses are tied.
BRYGAUNTYS. Robbers. To spring with agility. East.
BRYGOUS. Quarrelsome ; contentious. :5) The breast. Sussex.
BRYLLYNE. See Birle. (6) To swell out. Somerset.
BRYMEUS. An ancient dish, described in the (7) To fill a basket. Kent.
Forme of Cury, p, 96. It is spelt Iryneux in (8) To beat. Yortoh.
MS. Sloane 1201, f. 23. BUCK-BUCK. A child's game, perhaps more
BRYMLENT. A kind of tart.
BRYMLYCHE, Fierce. generally known as, " buck, buck, how many
horns do I hold up ?n There is also another
BRYN. Brains, way, path, passage, journey. game, called buck-in-the-park.
ffearne. BUCKE. A book.
BRYNE. Brows or bristles. BUCKED. Rancid ; turned sour. West.
BRYNKE. To bring. BUCKER. (1) A bent piece of wood, especially
BRYNNYS. Bourns ; btreams. thai on wbifch a slaughtered animal is sus«
 216
BUG
BUB. Fair, (A.-N.}
pciided. Hence the phrase, " as bent as a
BUEINGS. Joints. Devon.
bucker." The term is also applied to a horse's
hind leg. Suffolk. BUEN. To be. (4.-SJ
(2) A flatbroad-headed hammer, used in raining. BUER. A gnat. North.
BUC.KEUDO. Bocardo. Brit. Bibl. iv. 203. BUESS. A stall, or station. North.
BUCKERELS. " A kind of play used by boys BUF. Beef. Warner.
in London streets in H. 8 time, now disused, BUFARIOUS. Mendacious. Junius.
and I think forgot," Bloimt's Glossographia, BUFF. (1) To rebound. Warw.
p. 05. Hall mentions this game, Henry VIII. (2) To emit a dull sound. IVarw.
f. 61, (3) To stammer. Herefordsh.
BUCKET. A pulley. North. (4) The bare skin. Var. dial
BUCKETS. Square pieces of boggy earth, (5) The bough of a tree. North.
below the surface. Yorfoh. (6) A tuft or hassock. Kent.
BUCKHEAD. To lop. Var. dial (7) To beat or strike. Spenser uses it for buffet.
BUCKHORN. Dried haddock. (8) To boast. See a list of old words in Bat-
BUCKLE. (1) To bend, or yield to pressure. It man uppon Bartholome, 1582.
occurs in this sense in 2 Henry IV. i. 1, and BUFFARD. A foolish fellow. (A.-N.) See
the commentators do not supply another ex- Lydgate's Minor
in use in the samePoems,
sense. p. 32. Buffer is still
ample. "Ninepences a little buckled," i. e.
bent, Thorns' Anecdotes and Traditions, p. 54. BUFFE. A buffalo. See Topsell's Beasts, p. 55 ;
(2) To quarrel. Somerset. Hollyband, in v. Bufle; Florio, in v. Buffalo}
Brit. Bibl. i. 478.
(3) To marry. Var. dial. " Good silly Stellio, BUFFET. A kind of cupboard. (Fr.)
we must buckle shortly," Mother Bombie.
BUCKLE-HORNS. Short crooked horns, turn- BUFFET-STOOL. A kind of small stool, va-
ing horizontally inward. Yorksh. riously described. The term was at an early
BUCKLE-MOUTHED. Having large straggling period applied to one having three legs. See
teeth. North. Prompt. Parv. p. 41, " Go fetche us a light
BUCKLER. (1) To defend. ShaJc. buffit" Towneley Myst. p. 199. There is a
(2) A great beam. Line. saying in Suffolk, " a dead ass and a new
BUCKSOME. Blithe ; jolly. South. buffet-stool are two things which nobody ever
BUCKSTALL. A net for catching deer. See
Hall, Henry VI. f. 99. BUFFIE. A vent-hole in a cask.
BUCKSTICK. A stick used in the game of BUFFIN. A kind of coarse cloth. See Strutt,
Spell and Ore. ii. 95 ; Book of Rates, p. 29. Certainly not
BUCKWASHER. A laundress. buff leather, as Nares conjectures.
saw."
BUCK-WEEL. A bow-net for fish. BUFFING-KNIFE. A knife used in scraping
BUD. (1) To make, or compel. North. leather. Var. dial.
(2) A calf of the first year. BUFF-JERKIN. A leathern waistcoat, one
(3) Behoved. Ritson. made of buff. Not an unusual garment. See
BUD-BIRD. The bullfinch. West. Thynne's Debate, p. 31 ; Nares, in v.
BUDDLE. (1) The corn marygold. East. It BUFFLE. (1) To handle clumsily; to speak
occurs in an early list of plants, MS. Sloane 5, thick and inarticulately. East.
f. 6, spelt budel (2) A buffalo. See Harrison's Description of
f2} To suffocate. Somerset. England, pp. 3, 201.
(3) To cleanse ore. North. A vessel made for BUFFLE-HEADED. Stupid. Miege.
this purpose, like a shallow tumbrel, is called BUFF-NE-BAFF. Neither one thing nor an-
a buddle. See Ray's English Words, ed. 1674, other; nothing at all. Nares. Jamieson
p. 116. mentions the similar phrase, buff nor stye.
BUDDLE0. Tipsy. Devon. BUFT. The joint of the knee. North.
BUDD Y-BUD. The flower of the burr, or bur- BUG. (1) A bugbear; a goblin. See Beau-
dock. North.
BUDE. Endured. North. mont and Fletcher, i. 217; Donee's Illus-
BUDEL. A beadle. trations, i328
. ; Malone's Shakespeare, xviii.
519 ; Holinshed, Chron. Ireland, p. 85 ; More
BUi>GE. (1) Lambskin with the wool dressed Knaves Yet, 1612.
outwards ; often worn on the edges of capes, (2) Proud ; conceited. *' Bug as a lord." This
as gowns of Bachelors of Arts are still made. seems to be the meaning in Skinner. " To
See Fairholt's Pageants, i. 66 ; Strutt, ii. 102 ; take bug," to take fright or offence.
Thy ime's Debate, p. 32 ; Pierce Penniless, p. 11. (3) To bend. Kent.
^2) Brisk ; jocund. South. BUGABO. A bugbear; a ghost. West. Ac-
f3) Stiff j dull. Sussex. cording toColes, the term was formerly ap-
(4 ) A bag or sack. Kennett.
plied to " an ugly wide-mouthed picture,"
(5) A kind of water-cask. South. carried about at the May games.
BUGAN. The devil. West.
'6) To abridge, or lessen. North. B UGASIN. Calico buckram.
7) A thief.
;UDPICKER. The bullfinch. Devon.
BUGE. To bend; (A.-S."\
 217
BUL
BUL
Elde unhende is he ; (4) To strike ; to beat. The word is given by
He chaungeth al my ble, Forby in the sense of, to ihrob.
Ant bitgeth me to grounde. Rehq. Antiq. L 122. On her brc-stes, gon thei bulk,
And uehone to her in to sculk.
BUGGEN. To buy. (A.-S.} See Piers Plough-
Cursor Kundi, MS. CoV. Trm. Cantab, f. 113.
man, pp. 11, 70, 412; Reliq. Antiq. i. 144;
Wright's Anec. Lit. pp. 9, 91. BULKE. To belch. (.£-&) Also, to bow, to
After that God was y-boro bend. Prompt. Pan.
To bugge us to syne.
MS. Coll. Trin. Oxon. ffj. BULL. (1) Strong. Kenmtt.
BUGGER. To cheat at play. (2) When cattle throw up the hedges, they are
said in Yorkshire to lull them up.
BUGLE. A buffalo. See Kyng Alisaunder,
(3) An instrument used for beating clay ; a sand-
5112 ; Maundevile's Travels, p. 269 ; Topsell's stone for scythes. North.
Beasts, p. 54 ; Kolinshed, Hist. Scotland, p. 16. BULLACE. A small black and tartish plum,
Hence bugle-horn, a drinking-vessel made of growing wild in some parts of the country,
horn ; also, a hunting horn. not the sloe* It must not be confused with
BUGLE-ROD. The crosier of a bishop.
the common plum so called. The provincial
BUGS-WORDS. Fierce, high-sounding words.
According to Miege, paroles pleines de fiertt. meaning seems to be intended in Cotton's
Works, 1734, p. 137; and Florio has bulloes
" Cheval de trompette, one thats not afraid in the same sense, in v. BulUi.
of shadowes, one whom no big, nor lugs words BULLATE. To bubble or boil.
can terrific," Cotgrave. See also the same BULLBEAR. A bugbear. Harvey.
dictionary, in v. Faire; Beaumont and Fletcher,
i. 297, vii. 118; Ford, ii. 65. BULL-BEGGAR. A hobgoblin ; any object of
BUGY. Rough. terror. See Taylor's Workes, i. 147 ; Dent's
BUILD, Built. Leland. Pathway to Heaven, p. 109 ; Nomenclator,
BUILLEN. ToboiL p. 469 ; Middleton, ii. 20 ; Beaumont and
So buillen up the foule sawis. Fletcher, vi. 80.
Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f.87. BULLED. (1) Swollen. Jonson.
BUIST. To mark sheep. North. (2) Said of a cow maris appetens. Bulling, in
BUKE. A book. Salop, Antiq. p. 341, also occurs in TopselTs
BUKENADE. A dish in ancient cookery, re- Beasts, p. 73.
ceipts for which are given in MS. Sloane 1201, BULLEN. The stalks of hemp after they are
f. 22; Forme of Cury, pp. 17, 107, 109. Cf. pilled. Var. dial.
Ordinances and Regulations, p. 450. BULLER. (1) To roar. North.
BULBS. The tonsils of the throat. East. (2) A deceiver. U-M)
BULCH. To bilge a ship. See Holinshed, Thesefnte es offals bullers>
Chron. Ireland, p. 94. That makes thaina or with "werke weres.
Hampole, MS. Botcesf p. 7>
BULCH IN. A bull-calf. The term is often one The sexte casees of falsbvllers,
of contempt, as calf is still used, but oc- Bath that tham makes and that tham wers.
casional y ofkindness. Cf. Hawkins' Engl. MS. Cott. Vespas. A, iii. f. 161.
Dram. iii. 170; Langtoffc, p. 174; Tusser,
p. 81 ; Middleton, iii. 524. Bulch, Ford, ii. 540. BULLERAND. "Weltering.
BULL-FACES. Tufts of coarse grass. North.
Bulcht, attacked by a bullock's horns. Called also, bull-fronts.
BULDER-STONE. A smooth round stone. See
BULL-FEIST. A puff-ball. East.
holders. " He gripen sone a bulder ston," BULLFINCH. A stupid fellow. North.
Havelok, 1790. « Rudus, a buldyrstone," MS. BULL-HEAD. A tadpole. Chesh.
Bodl. 604, f. 10. BULL-HEADS. The curled tufts of hair on the
BULE. (1) A boil or swelling. forehead of a woman.
(2) The handle of a pan, &c. North.
BULGOOD. Yeast. East. BULLIES. Round pebbles. South.
BULLIMUNG. A mixture of oats, peas, and
BULK. (1) The body. Junius says, " from
the neck to the middle." Also, the breast. vetches. See Tusser's Husbandry, p. 38;
See, Florio, in v. Epigastric, where the last TopselTs Beasts, p. 330.
meaning is clearly implied. Cf. Malone's BULL-IN-THE-PARK. A child's game, per-
Shakespeare, vii. 262; Middleton, iii. 177, haps the same as frog-in-the-middle.
v. 509. BULLIONS. Hooks used for fastening the dress ;
'2) The bottom part of a ship. See Tyrwhitt's buttons ; studs ; embossed ornaments of various
Chaucer, iv. 335 ; Florio, in v. Alveo. kinds. Elyot translates lulla, " a bullion sette
(3) The stall of a shop. See Collins' Miscel- fcn the cover of a booke, or other thynge ;"
lanies, 1762, p. 37; King and a Poore and a similar explanation in v. Umbilicus.
Northerne Man, 1640 ; Florio, in v. Balcone. " Bullyon in a womans girdle, e<?ow," Palsgrave.
Hence, bulker, a night walker, one who sleeps " Bullions and ornaments of plate engraven ;
under a bench. Skinner gives the Lincolnshire a bullion of copper set on bridles or poitrels
word bulkar, a beam. The front of a butcher's for an ornament," Baret's Alvearie, 1580.
shop where the meat is laid is still called a " Bullions for purses/* Book of Rates, 1675,
that county. p. 29. Hence the term came to be used for a
 BUL 218 BUM
pair of hose or doublets ornamented \\ith ter, abag for fine meal, Ord and Reg. p. 70
bullions. bulte-pooke or buktarre, Prompt. Parv. p. 55*
BULTLE. Bran. North.
BULL-JUB. The fish miller's-thumb. Derby, BULVER. To increase in bulk. East.
BULL-JUMPINGS. A kind of porridge. North.
BULL-KNOB. Same as bull-jub, q. v. BULWARK. A rampart.
BULL-NECK. " To tumble a bull-neck," to BULWORKS. Part of the armour, used to pre-
place the hands under the thighs, and the head vent the thighs of the wearer from being chafed
on the ground between the feet, and tumble by the pieces that terminated just above the
over. Yorksh. knee. Meyrick.
BULLOCK. To bully. North. BUM. (1) By my. West.
BULLOCKS. Any fatting cattle. Norf. A (2) To strike ; to beat. North.
bullock is, properly speaking, a calf in the se- (3) To spin a top. North. Also, to rush with
euiid year. a murmuring sound. Any humming noise is
BULLS! The stems of hedge-thorns. Also, called a bum. Cf. Prompt. Parv. p. 55.
transverse bars of wood into which the heads (4) To dun. Var. dial
of harrows are set. (5) A bum-bailiff. Var. dial
BULLS-AND-COWS. The flower of the arum
maculatirm. Var. dial. (6) A child's term for drink. See Huloet and
Elyot, in v. Bita. Bummed, drunk, Piers
BULL-SEG. A gelded bull. North. Ploughman, p. 90. Coles explains bummed,
BULLS-EYES. A kind of coarse sweetmeat. tasted, desired.
BULL'S-FEATHEIl. To stick a bull's-feather BUMB. The game of bandy.
BUMBARD. Futuo. North.
in one's cap, to make him a cuckold.
And this same huffing Ironside BUMBARREL. The long-tailed tit.
Stuck a lulft-ftxtther in his cap. BUMBASTE. To beat, or flog. East.
Colon's Worts, 1734, p. 234. BUMBETH. Sounds. Skinner.
BULL'S-FOREHEAD. The turfy air-grass. BUMBLE. (1) To muffle a bell. East.
North. (2) To make a humming noise. (A.-S.) Hence
BULL'S-NECK. A grudge. Devon. bumble-bee, a humble bee, Beaumont and
BULL'S-NOON. Midnight. East. Fletcher, iv. 72 ; bumbufation, a humming
BULL'S-PINK. A chaffinch. North. noise.
BULL-STANG. A dragon-fly. North. Also, '3) A small round stone. West.
an upright stake in a hedge. ;4) A confused heap. North.
BULL-STONE. A kind of sandstone. Yorfoh. (5) To start off quickly. East.
BULL-TROUT. A large species of trout, pecu- BUMBLE-BROTH. A curious term, occurring
liar to Northumberland.
in Hawkins7 Engl. Dram.
The olde woman iii. 139.
to her payne
BULL-WEEK. The week before Christmas, in
which the work-people at Sheffield push their In such a bumble-broth had layne.
The Unluchie Finnentie.
strength to the utmost, allowing themselves
scarcely any rest, and earning more than usual BUMBLE-FOOT. A thick heavy foot. East.
BUiMBLEKITES. Blackberries. North.
to prepare for the rest and enjoyment of
Christmas. BUMBLE-PUPPY. The game of nine-holes.
BUMBLER. A humble bee. North.
BULL-WORKS. Boisterous behaviour. West.
BUMBLES. (1) Rushes. Line.
BULLY. (1) A companion, a familiar term of
(2) A kind of blinkers. North.
address, as Bully Jack, Bully Bob, &c., for- BUMBLE-STAFF. A thick stick. NortJi.
merly in very common use, and not quite ob-
s#lete in the provinces, where butty is perhaps BUM-BOAT. A boat attending ships on their
cominginto harbour, to retail greens, spirits, &c.
now more generally heard. Bully-Bottom, a
BUMB Y. (1) By and bye. Var. dial
term applied to a courtesan, and hence an equi-
(2) Any collection of stagnant filth. Also, a
voque in Mids. Night's Dream, iii. 1, iv. 2, closet or hole for lumber. East.
which has escaped the observation of the com- BUMBYNE. To hum. Prompt. Parv.
mentators. Cole bus some remarks on this
word in MS. Addit. 5852. p. 85. BUMCARD. A card used by dishonest game-
(2) A parlour, or small room. East. sters. See Melton's Sixe-Fold Politician,
1609, p. 16; Apollo Shroving, 1G27, p. 82;
(3) To boil. Arch. xxx. 405.
BULLYNE. To boil. Prompt. Part:. Northbrooke's Treatise, 1577; Florio, ed.1611,
BULLING. Swelling ; bubbling. Huloet.
p. 442.
To those exployts lie ever stands prepar'd ;
BULLY- ROCK. Explained by Miege, unfaux 'A villaine excellent at a bum-card.
brave. The term occurs in Shakespeare, and Rowlands' Humors Ordinarfe, n. d.
is also spelt bully-rook. BUMCLOCK. A beetle. North.
BULSE. A bunch. North. BUMFIDDLE. A term readily explained by its
BULT. (1) Built ; dwelt. first syllable. See Cotton's Works, 1734,
(2) A sifting cloth. See Orel, and Regulations, p. 227. So also, bumfiddledumdick.
p. 103. Also, to sift, Hartshorne's Met. Tales, BUMMER. A rumbling carriage. North,
p. 47. Btittingarfo, the tub or chest in w hich BUMA1LE. To blunder. North.
the operation of silting was performed. /J ni- BUMP. (1) To beat; also, a blow*
 BUN 219 BUR
(2) To ride, without rising in the stirrups, on a BUNKS. The wild succory. East.
rough trotting horse. East. BUNNED. Shrunk. Dorset.
(3) The noise a bittern makes with its bill. BUNNEL. A dried hemp-stalk. Cumb.
Holme. Also to make that noise, Urry's BUNNY. (1) A small swelling. East.
Chaucer, p. 83, wrongly explained in the (2) A kind of drain. Hants.
glossary. (3) A rabbit. Var. dial.
BUMPING, Large. West. Also, a mode of BUNNY-MOUTH. The snap-dragon. Surrey.
punishment in schools. BUNT. (1)) The middle part of a sail, formed
BUMPSY. Tipsy. See Bungy. into a kind of bag to receive the wind.
BUMPTIOUS. Proud; arrogant. Var. dial I perceave men must not go to sea without vylats,
BUMPY. Uneven. Var. dial in hope to have flying fyshes to break ther noses
agaynst the bunt of the sayle. MS. Addit. 5008,
BUM-ROLLS. Stuffed cushions, worn by wo-
men about the hips to make the petticoats (2) To run like a rabbit. North.
swell out, answering the purpose of farthin- (3) To raise ; to rear, or spring. Oxon.
(4) To push with the head. West.
gales.(1) The tail of a hare. North.
BUN. (5) Smut in corn. Var. dial
(2) A dry stalk. Var. dial (6) To sift. Somerset.
BUNTER. A bad woman. East.
(3) A rabbit. Var. dial
(4) Bound. North. See Ywaine and Gawin, BUNTING. (1) Siftiug flour. West.
3179 ; Towneley Myst. p. 36, (2) Mean and shabby. East.
(5) A term of endearment. (3) A large piece of timber. North.
BUNCH. (1) To beat; to strike. North. See (4) A game among boys, played with sticks, .and
a small piece of wood cut lengthways. Line.
Piers Ploughman, p. 506 ; Harrison's Descrip- (5) A shrimp. Kent.
tion of England, p. 167. To bend or bow
(6) A term of endearment.
outwards,
croopeback,Topsell's Florio, Beasts, p. 293. ' Bunch, a (7) The wood-lark.
in v, Gobbdto. BUNYS. Blows?
2) A pack of cards. Gref men forsake here housen ful timys, gret
3) A worthless woman. East. wrethe, deth of kyngys, voydyng of bungs, fallyng of
4) A company of teal. baneris. MS. Harl. 2320, f.72.
5)Gent. hornii.of79.a young stag. See Blome's BUR. (1) A blow; force, or violence.
The Rec.
BUNCH-BERRIES. The fruit of the rubm (2)necke Florio translates Bocchina, " that stalke or
of a bullet which in the casting remaines
saxatilis. Craven. in the necke of the mould, called of our gun-
BUN-CROW. A kind of grey bird which is de- ners the bur of the bullet."
structive tothe corn. Kent.
(3) Sweet-bread of a calf. Var. dial
BUNCUS. (1) A donkey. Line. (4) A stop for a wheel. North. Heywood ap-
(2) A number of people. East. parently uses this meaning of the word meta-
BUNDATION. Abundance. West.
phorical y inhis Iron Age, 1632, sig. H, or
BUNDEN. Bound. Langtoft, p. 138. Bundyn, perhaps burr (2).
bound,
But married,
so in clowtes Ritson's
than Anc.
was hePop. Poet. p. 89. (5) A halo round the moon.
wonden, Var. dial.
" " A whetstone for scythes.
And laid bitwene the bastes bunden,
MS. Harl. 4196, f. 13. 7) A rabbit burrow. Dorset.
BUNDLE. (1) A low woman. Var. dial (8) But.
BURATO. Yorfah.
A kind of woollen cloth.
(2) To set off in a hurry.
BUNDS. A species of scabious. BURBLE. (1) To bubble. JBurbly, bubbling,
BUNE. Promptly. Lydgate's Minor Poems, p. 181 ; burbety, Ash-
That was the byrde so bryghte with birdyne $ode bune, mole's Theat. Chem. Brit. p. 215 ; bur by II, ib.
And the barne alther-beste of body scho bare. p. 150 ; burbley, Morte d' Arthur, ii. 88 ; bur-
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 231. belynge, ib. ii. 4. Cf. Lelandi Itin. ii. 31 ; Pals-
BUN-FEAST. A tea-drinking. Line. grave, f.179, " Iburbyll or spring up as water
BUNG. (1) A pick-pocket. Also, a pocket or dothe out of a spring j this water burbyUeth up
purse. See Beaumont and Fletcher, iii. 152. pretyly;" Prompt. Parv. p. 56. " Bulla, a
(2) A heap or cluster. North. burbyl on the water," Medulla, MS. Harl.
BUNGAY-PLAY. A simple straightforward way 1738,Andf. sum 10. were swolle the vyseges stout,
of playing the game of whist, by leading all the
winning cards in succession, without endea- As thoj here yjen shulde burble out.
MS. Harl. 1701, f. 6?.
vouring tomake the best of the hand. East.
BUNG-DOCK. A curtail. East. (2) A small pimple. JEast.
BURBOLT. The burbot. Brit. Bibl. ii. 364. It
BUNGEE. Short and squat. Somerset.
BUNGERSOME. Clumsy. Berkah. is also in both senses the same as bird-boU, q. v.
BUNGY. Intoxicated. Beds. BURCOT. A load. Somerset.
BURDE. Behoved ; need.
BUN-HEDGE. A hedge made of twisted sticks. His dulefulle dede bwde do me dere,
Letnc.
And perche myne herte for pure petee ;
BUNHORNS. Briars bored to wind yarn on, For pet£ myite herte burde breke in two.
used bv woollen weavers. Lane. MS, Lincoln A. i. 17* f. 21&
 BUR BUR
220
BURDEN-BAND. A hay-band. North. (2) The bom of a young stag. See HowelVs
BURDES. Beards. Lex. Tet. sect. 3.
BURDIS. A tournament. Burdised, justed at BURLED. Armed. Skinner.
a tournament. BURLET. A hood, or head dress. It is glossed
BURDON. A staff. See Bourdon. by mitrum and mitella in MS. Arundel 249,
Saber smote Ahcapart tnere f. 88. " Calantica, a tyre, bur let oor coyfe, a
Wyth hys burdon yn the breste.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 121.
kerchief, or a hood for a woman,'' Elyot. Cf.
Sharp's Cov. Myst. p. 15 Hollyband, in v.
BURDONE. The burden of a song. Calotte. Jamieson explains it, "a standing
BURDOUN. The base in mubic. (^.-A*.) See BURLEY. or stuffed neck The butt for a end
gown."
of the lance. See
Chaucer, Cant. T. 67or 4163 ; Tundalc, p. 61.
The latter reference confirms Tyrwhitt's ex- BURLEY-MAN. Hall, Hen. IV. f. 12.
planation, which is seemingly doubted by An officer chosen in court-
Todd, p. 325. leets to assist the constable. Kennett.
BURE. A bower or chamber. BURLIBOUND. Rough ; unwieldly.
BUREDELY. Forcibly ; swiftly. BURLING. A young ox. Line.
BURELE. The spoke of a v heel. BURLING-IRON. An instrument used in
BURET. A drinking vessel. Test. Vet. p. 241. burling cloth, made similar to large tweezers,
BUREWEN. To protect. (A.-S.) but52.with very small points. Herrick's Works,
i.
BURFORD. A Burfort bait, " when one sipps BURLINGS. Pieces of dirty wool.
or drinks but part, they still fill his cupp un- BURLOKEST. Biggest ; strongest.
till he drinketh all," Howell, p. 20.
BURGAGE. Lands or tenements in towns, BURLY. (1) Big; strong; clumsy. See Reliq.
held by a particular tenure. (A.-N.} Antiq. iL 40; Stanihurst's Desc. Ireland,
BURGANET. A species of helmet. See First
Sketches of Henry VI. p. 113; Holinshed, BURMA (2) Red and pimpled. Somerset.
p. 45. YDENE. A chamber-maid. Pr. Parv.
Hist. Engl. p. 185 ; Florio, ed. 1611, pp. 65,
BURN. (1) A man or knight. (A.-S.} See Piers
71 ; Hey wood's Iron Age, sig, E. ii. Some- Ploughman, pp. 341, 346 ; Le Bone Florence
times contracted to burgant. of Rome, 884 ; Reliq. Antiq. i. 123 ; Sir
BURGASE. A burgess. (^.-£) Degrevant, 301.
BURGE. A bridge. Oxon*
(2) A brook. North.
BURGEN. To bud ; to blossom. See "Warner's (3) A load or burden. North. See the Chester
Antiq. Culin. p. 128 ; Ashmole's Theat. Chem. Plays, i. 65. Burn-rope, a rope used for car-
Brit. p. 273; Elyot, in v. Ayo. Burgeon,
a bud, Florio, ed. 1611, pp. 206, 337 ; rying aburden.
(4) A term at the game of hide-and-seek, mean-
burgeant) Harrison's Description of England, ing to approach near the object sought after.
p. 242 ; buryyons, Lydgate's Minor Poems, (5) To waste, especially applied to time. " Wee
p. 56, (A.-N.)
And therof sprang owt of the rote burne time," Mother Bombie, ed. 1632. To
A burgon that was feyre and swote. burn daylight, a common phrase with the same
JUS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 129. meaning. See the examples quoted by Nares,
BURGHE. A hillock or barrow. Also, a town and Du Btirtas, p. 574.
or borough. It is likewise the same as bargh, BURN-BEKING. Denshering land, burning
turf for its improvement.
a barrow hog. "Breden as fiurphe swyn," Mr. Beshop of Merton first brought into the south
satirically alluding to the incapability of glut- of Wiltshire the improvement by burnbeking, Den-
tons, Piers Ploughman, p. 34. shering, about. 1639.
BURGOQD. Yeast. Norf. Aubrey's Wilts, Royal Soc: MS. p. 287.
BURGULLIAN. A bully, or braggadocio. See BURN-COW. A species of beetle.
Ben Jonson's Works, i. 112. BURNED. Burnished. (A.-N.)
BURIEL. A burying-place. (A.-S.) BURNELL. A name for an ass, given on ac-
BURJONEN. To bud, or spring. (A.-N.) See
i. 84. count of its colour. See the Chester Plays,
Surgm. Burjoun, a bud. "As a "burjoun
oute of a stok growynge," MS. Soc. Antiq, BURNESTE. Burnished. (4,-N,)
134, f. 14. Cf. Arthour and Merlin, p. 199.
[And he made ech herbe of the feeld bifore that it
BURNET. (1) Brown cloth. (A.-X.) See Rom.
burjownyde, for the Lord God hadde not reyued on
of the Rose, 226, 4756 ; Reliq. Antiq. ii. 108
erthe. Wickliffe, MS. Sodl, 2tf. (2) The herb pimpernel.
Of pympurnolle to speke thenke y 3et,
BURKE. To bark. West. Burke, barked, And Eoglysch y-called is bwnet,
Chron. Yilodun. p. 25. MS. Sloane 24S7, f. 6.
BURLAND. Weltering. BURNEUX, An ancient sauce, made of butter,
BURLE. (1) A knot or bump. See Topsail's pepper, salt, &c.The lady-bird. Norf.
Hist. Beasts, p. 250. Also, to take away the BURNIE-BEE.
knots or impure parts from wool or cloth. BURNING. Luesvenerea. In the original MS.
ft Desguamare vestem, to burle clothe/' Elyot. regulations of the stews in Southwark, still
Cf. Herrick's Works, ii. 15. preserved in the Bodleian LiVary, MS. eMu«.
 BUR I BUS
BURTHEN. (1) A quarter of ale.
^329, is the following, " Item that no stue-
^liolder kepe noo womman witlmme his hows (2) To press urgently. East.
BURTHEXSOME. Productive. North.
that hath any sikenes of brennynge, but that
BUR-THISTLE. The spear-thistle. North.
she be putte out." Hardyng, Supp. f. Ill, BURTLE. A sweeting apple. North.
mentions a plague which happened in this
country in the reign of Henry VII. called the BUR-TREE. The elder-tree. North. Seethe
burning sweat, but this .has no connexion with Prompt. Parv. p. 137.
our first meaning. Tak the myddes barke of the bur-tre> and anete,
BUIINING-OF-THE-HILL. A curious method and aregcs sede, and ix. or x. graynes of spourge,
and sethe thame, and do a littille hony therto and
of punishing a thief, formerly practised by drynk. MS. Lincoln. Med. f. 286.
miners on the Mendip hills. The culprit was BURTYME. Birthtime. Rob. Glouc. p. 443.
shut up in a butt, around which a fire was BURWALL. A wall battered or inclined against
lighted, whence he made his escape in the best a bank. Yorksh.
way he could, often of course severely in- BURWE. To defend. (A.-S.)
jured, but was never more suffered to work on
the hill. BURWGH. A castle or palace. (A.-S.)
BURWHE. A circle. Pr. Parv.
BURNISH. To smooth or flatten. North. Also
the same as famish, q. v. BURY. (1) A house or castle. (A.-S.) "To this
BURN-STICK. A crooked stick, on which a very day," says Miege, " the chief house of a
large piece of coal is daily carried from the pit manor, or the lord's seat, is called bury in
by each working collier over his shoulder for some parts of England, and especially in Here-
his own private use. North. fordshire/' See also Blount's Glossographia,
ed. 1681, p. 82.
BURN-THE-BISCUIT. A child's game.
BURNWIN. A blacksmith. North. (2) A rabbit's burrow. South.
BURYDOKKES. Burdocks.
BURR. (1) The broad iron ring fixed on the
BURYING-A-WIFE. A feast given by an ap-
tilting lance just below the gripe, to prevent
the hand slipping back. See Hall, Hen. IV. prentice atthe expiration of his articles.
f. 12 ; Middleton, ii. 465. BUS. Behoves ; must. See Ywaine and Gawin,
(2) The prickly seed of the burdock. Also the 1085 ; Sevyn Sages, 3150 ; Isumbras, 47 ; Nti-
plant itself, as in TopselTs Beasts, p. 683. gae Poet. p. 40 ; and Blande. In use in Skel-
(3) The blossom of the hop. ton's time as a provincialism. " I bus goe tyll
bed/' Merie Tales, ii.
(4) The knot at the bottom of a hart's horn. And this sacrament bus have thre thynges. Ane
(5) The lap of the ear. es sorowe in oure herle that we hafe synnede ; an-
BURRAGE. The herb borage, formerly put in other cs opyne scrifte of mouthe how we hafe syn-
wine to increase its exhilarating effects. See nede. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 216.
Gerard, p. 654. This I suppose is what is BUSCAGE. A kind of cloth.
alluded to in the Tatler, burridge. BUSCAYLE. A bush.
BXIRRATINE. Some kind of clothing, men- Luke je aftyre evensang be armyde at ryghttez
tioned byBen Jonson, vii. 300. On blonkez by jone luscayle by jone bly the stremez.
BURR-CASTLE. Newcastle, so called from the Morte Arthurs, MS. Lincoln* f. 62.
burr, a particular sound made by the natives BUSH. (1) The sign of a tavern, which in former
of that place in pronouncing the letter R. times was generally an ivy-bush. " Good wine
BURRISH. Rough ; prickly. draws customers without any help of an ivy-
BURROW. Sheltered from the wind. Somerset.
bush," Cotgrave, in v. Bon. The term bush is
BURRS. In armour, upright pieces in front of however applied to the wooden frame of the
the thighs. sign itself, which was frequently ornamented
BURR-STONES. Rough unhewn stones. •with ivy-leaves, a practice that began to be
BURRYN. To bud. Prompt. Parv. obsolete about 1660.
BURSE. An exchange for merchants. (2) To go about the bush, a common proverbial
BURSEN. The name of a dish, described in expression. See Cotgrave, in v. Aller; Florio,
the Forme of Cury, p. 15. in v. Fusdre.
BURSEN-BELLIED. Ruptured. See Florio, (3) To butt with the head. West. To push,
ed. 1611, p. 67 ; Brit. Bibl. ii. 55. Urry's Chaucer, p. 595.
BURST. To break. Also the part. past. See (4) The inner circle of a wheel that encloses the
Middleton, v. 412. axle-tree. Also, to sheathe or enclose, as for
BURSTE. Loss ; adversity. (A.-S.) example to renew the bush of a wheel, or to
BURSTYLL. A bristle. Pr.Parv. put in a new touch-hole to a gun.
BURSYD. Bruised.
(5) To retreat from. South.
BURT. To press or indent anything. Somerset.
(6) A kind of beard. " The bodkin beard or
Huloet has, " burt lyke a ramme, arieto" Cf. the bush;1 Lilly's Endimion, ed. 1632, sig.
Prompt. Parv. p. 56. C.xi.
BURTCHIN. Made of birch. BUSHETING. Shooting out at the roots. Glouc.
BURTH. Behoves. See Wright's Anecd. Lit. Tasser, p. Ill, has bu$het$> small shoots from
p. 4. It is wrongly explained in the Brit. "bushes. Bwketr Spenser, and Florio, in v.
Bibl. iv. 196.
Cespuylio.
 222
BUS BUT
BUSITLOCK. A tuft of bushes ? BUSSOCK. A thick fat person. JFarw.
At nyght Mr. Banysfcr cauled me up to se alyke co- BUST. (1) A tar mark on sheep. North. This
met but vt was Venus with a great fyery haze may be the meaning oftarre boyste in Chester
u bHthfaX about hlr. J«f. MdU. 5008.
Plays, i, 121, 125, although in the latter in-
stance the Bodl. MS. reads tar-box.
BUSIiMENT. An ambush. See Percy's Re-;
limies, p. 25 ; Skelton, i. 9 ; Langtoft, p. 242 (2) Kissed. Burst.
BUSTED. West.
Sir Degrevant, 1581, 1610 ; Robin Hood,i. 54. BUSTER. A loaf. Var. dial
Also, a thicket, as in Holinshed, Chron. Ire- BUSTIAN. A kind of coarse cloth, mentioned
land, p.169.
Whenne thay come to the slake, in Book of Rates, 1675, p. 29 ; Brit. Bibl. ii.
The balde bitachement brake. 398; Harrison's Description of England, p. 163.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f- 137-
A bill-hook. Huloet. It is perhaps the same as fustian. See Jamie-
BUSHSITHE.
BUSINE. To trouble with business. (Fr.) son, Supp. i. 165.
BUSTQUS. See BoistoiLS.
BUSINESS. Trouble. Var. dial. BUSY. To be active. (A.-N.)
BUSK. (1) A sort of linen cloth, apparently of of BUSY-GOOD. A meddling person. West.
a coarse and common description. Book
Kates, 1541, Brit. Bibl. ii. 397. BUT. (1) A peculiar kind of conical basket used
in the river Parret for catching salmon.
(2) A piece of wood, or whalebone, worn down '2) A cast ; a throw.
the front of the stays to keep them straight.
Nares errs in thinMng the term obsolete. :3)Havelok,
Contended;
1916. struggled with each other.
(3) A flock of sheep. East.
(4) A bush. North. (A.-N.} " On betyth the
buslce, another hathe brydde," MS. Douce 52.
See Langtoft, p. 9.
With balefull buslteys ye hym bete, Howard Household Books, p. 120. (Lut.)
And rente hys flesche fro the bon. (5) Without ; unless. Nares has it, " otherwise
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii.38, f . 47. than." Cf. Palsgrave, f. 466.
BUSKEN. To busk, go; to array, prepare. (4.-S.) (6) A piece of ground, portion of a garden, &c.
See Minot, p. 7. Also, the thick or fleshy root of a plant, e. g.
Bad them lusfce and make them yare, a potato or turnip, said to be large or small
Alle that stiff Tfere on stede. in the but. Hence the verb but, to grow or
MS. Karl. 2252, f. 91. swell out. North.
BUSKING. Bushy.
Those fanners that have it growing in their (7) A shoemaker's knife. North.
groimdes doe keep the hay thereof for their chief (8) A buttock of beef. West.
winter-provision, and instead of provender, the (9) Any large vessel or cart. Devon.
root is busTting and fibrous. (10) Strong leather. North.
Aubrey's Wilts, Royal Soc. MS. p. 124. (11) " But and ben," the outer and inner apart-
BUSKLE. To bustle about ; to move quickly.. ment, where there are only two rooms. North.
See Pilkington's Works, p. 353 ; Fraternitye (12") A hassock. Devon.
of Vacabondes, p. 24 ; Holinshed, Chron. Ire- (13) A bee-hive. Exwoor.
land, p.80. (14) Suddenly. Devon.
It is like the smoldring fyer of mount Chymera, (15) A kind of cap. North.
which boyling long tyme with great teakling in the (16) Rough; ragged. North.
bowels of the earth, dooth at length burst out with
(17) To exchange or barter. Craven.
violent rage. Orations ofArsanes, 1555.
BUSK-POINT. The lace, with its tag, which BUT-BOLT, The strong, unbarbed arrow used
secured the end of the busk. Nares. by the citizens in shooting at the butt. See
Ford's Works, ii. 479.
BUSKY. Woody; bushy. North. BUTCHE. To kill. North.
I will go seekehim in the buslcy groves.
Woman, in the Moone, 1597- BUTE. Help; remedy.
BUSMER. See Bismare. BUT-GAP. A hedge of pitched turf. Devon.
And lauje us a bttsmer a skorn, BUTH. Be; are. (A.-S.)
In gret sklandre us brynge. BUTLANDS. Waste ground. East.
MS. Coll. THn. Oxon. ^.
BUTLER. A housekeeper. North. Butler's-
BUSS. (1) A calf. West. grace, without any ceremony.
(2) To kiss. Var. dial BUT-SHOT. The distance an arrow will fly.
(3) To butt, or strike with the head. Florio has, Lelandi Itin. iii. 31.
" Acceffdre, to busse or heake as a hog doth/' BUTT. A boat. Tempest, i. 2. If butt, which
(4) A large pitcher. Devon. is merely an old form of the word, is to be re-
BUSSARD. A great drinker. tained, itcan only be in this sense. JBotfe,
BUSSE. A kind of fishing-boat. (Dwt.) See Chester Plays, i. 54.
Langtoft, p. 149 ; Fail-holt'? Pageants, p. 40. BUTTAL. (1) A bittern. South.
BUSSED. Laid in ambush. " Bussed beside (2) A corner of ground. North.
the flom," Langtoft, p. 187. BUTTEN. To fall?
BUSSES. Hoops for the top of a cart or wag- The knight donward gan butten,
gon. North. Amid ward the hors gutten, drth&ur and
 BUZ 223 BY!)
BUZZARD, (i) A coward.
BUTTER-AND-EGGS.
BUTTER-BOX. The daffodil.
A Dutcliman. This cantH~cst.(2) A moth that flies by night. Sec the Craven
term
is found in Jliege. Glossary. Nares wrongly explains it a beetle
BUTTER-BUMP. A bittern. North. Buzze-flies, Florio, p. 69.
BUZZOAI. Very red. Devon.
BUTTER-DAISY'. The \vhite ox-eye. BWON. SeeJBoun.
BUTTERED-ALE. Ale boiled with lump sugar,
butter, and spice. Salop. BY. (1) In. (^.-£) " By the moiwc," in the
BUTTER-FINGERED. Slippery. Var. dial. morning, or day-time. " By his life," hi his
BUTTER-MIT. A small tub in which newly- lifetime. " By and by," exactly, dibtiuctly,
made butter is washed. West. in order one after the other. See ToddV
BUTTER-PRINT. A child. This cant term Gower and Chaucer, p. 325. For, Kyng Ali
occurs twice in the plays of Beaumont and saunder, 3174. " By tha," with that. Weber
Fletcher. It constantly occurs in the sense of of; to know
BUTTER-PUMPS. The ovary of the yellow nothing by a person, to know no ill of Mm, as
in 1 Cor. iv. 4.
water lily. Dorset.
BUTTER-SHAG. A slice of bread and butter. (2) To abie. Scho sayd, (*/.-£)
traytoure, thou salle byi
North. How was thou swa hardy,
BUTTER-TEETH. The two middle incisors in MS. Line. A. i. 17, f. 133.
front of the upper jaw. See Dodsley, i. 239.
His two lower butter-teath stryke up quyte throe
(3) A bee. See Lydgate's Minor Poems, p, 88 ;
his snowt as thoethey wcr riveted. MS. Addit. 5008.
Skelton's Works, ii. 112.
(4) A bracelet ; a collar. See Reliq. Antiq. i. 9,
BUTTER-WHORE. A scold. " They scold " dextrotirium, a by of golde anornyng the
like so many butter-whores or oyster-women ryght anne;" Sir Degrevant, 556.
at Billinsgate," Howell, p. 20. (5) To abide. See the True Tragedie of Kichard
BUTTERY-HATCH. A half-door between the III., p. 57, repr. Perhaps a misprint in the
buttery or kitchen and the hall, in colleges original for byd, which occurs in Torrent of
and old mansions. Also called a buttery-bar, Portugal, p. 44.
Twelfth Night, i. 3; Taylor's Workes, 1630, (6) To buy. See Langtoft, p. 116 ; Rom. of me
i. 113. There was a small ledging or bar on Rose, 7159.
this hatch to rest the tankards on.
) Be ; continue. Hearne.
BUTTILLARY. A buttery.
BUTTING-IRON. An instrument used for peel- (8)byA or"by-place, Florio translates buretta, u a
darke corner." He apparently gives
ing bark from trees. North. another meaning to it in v. Massdre, " to play
BUTTOCK. A common strumpet. or cast at the by, at hazard or greseo."
BUTTON. (1) A small cake. East. (9) Besides. Northumb.
(2) The chrysalis of an insect. West. (10) The point or mark from which boys emit
the marbles or taws. Yor&sh.
(3) A bud. East. See Harrison's Description
of England, p. 210, " three score leaves BYAR. A cow-house. North. Douce, in his
growing upon one button" qu. part of the MS. papers, calls the £eld near the bvay the
stalk. byerleys.
(4) To shut up. Oscon. BYBBEY. A kind of herb. See Chester Plays,
BUTTON-NAILS. Roundheaded nails. i. 119, where the BodL MS. reads tibbie.
BY-BLOW. A bastard. See J. Cleaveland Re-
BUTTONS. Sheep's dung. Devon. His tail vived, 1660, p. 187; Howell, sect. 24; Beau-
makes buttons, i. e. he is in great fear, a phrase
occurring in Florio, ed. 1611, pp. 209, 276; mont and Fletcher, vii. 185. I am doubtful
Yorkshire Dialogue, 1697, p. 87. as to the meaning of the word in the last
instance.
BUTTRICE.
horses to pareA the farrier's
hoofs.tool used in shoeing BY-CALLE. To accuse. (A.-S.)
Thaune as Syr Mador kmdeste spake,
BUTT-SHAFT. A kind of arrow, used for shoot-
ing at butts, formed without a barb, so as to The queue of tresoun to by-calle,
Comyb Syr Launcelot du Lake
stick into the butts, and yet to be easily ex-
tracted. Nares. Rydand ryght in thehalle.
MS. Harl. 2252, f. 105.
BUTTY. A companion or partner in any work. BYCHSCHOPE. A bishop.
Var. dial
BUTURE; The bittern. North. BY-CLAGGEDE. Besmeared. Gaw.
BYCOKET. An ornament for the head. See a
BUTYNE. Booty. Palsgrave, f. 313. document dated 1513 in the Archseologia,
BUYER. A gnat. North. xxvi. 398.
BUVIDLY. Stout made. North.
BUXOM. Obedient. <>/.-£) And hence, meek, BYDAGGED. BYDANDE.
Splashed.
Bearing?
Weber.
or humble.
And ye, ser Gye, a thousande,
BUYEDE. Bowed. Rob. Glouc. p. 475. Bolde men and wele bydande*
BUZ. A report or rumour. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 1 58,
BUZZ. To empty a bottle of wine in carousing ; BYDDING. Abiding. Skinner.
to drink. BYDE. Abode; dwelling.
 BYL 24 BYR
BYDRYVEN. To commit evil. Carton. Octovian, 119, 129. It was anciently believed
BYDWONGEN. Compelled ; forced. Canton, that twins could not be the genuine offspring
BYE. A boy. Prompt. Pan?. of one man, a notion there alluded to.
BYEBE. A dwelling. Ash. BYLEWYN. To remain; to stay. (A.-S.)
BYE-BOOTINGS. The finest kiadof bran, North. BYLIS. Boils ; ulcers. Wicklitfe.
BYLLEN. To peck with the bill. Prompt.
BYED. " They tyed on. hym," MS. Cantab.
Ff. ii. 38, f. 103. Perhaps an error for cryed. Parv.
BYEN. Be. Table Book, p. 147. BYLLERNE. A kind of water-plant, translated
BYER. A shrine. This is apparently the mean- by lerula in the Prompt. Parv. p. 36.
BYLLYNE. To use a spade or mattock. Prompt.
ing in Rob. Glouc. p. 248. See Hearne's Glos- Parv.
sary, in v. Byers, buyers, Hall, Henry VI.
f. 10. BY-LOU. Laughed at. Roo. Glouc.
BYERLAWS. The townships of Ecdesali and BYLUFFEDE. Beloved.
BY-MATTERS. Irrelevant circumstances. See
Brightside are so called. The appellation was
probably derived from the Byerlaw courts, Harrison's Description of Britaine, p. 31.
formerly held there. See the Hallamshire BYME. Skinner refers to Gower, ed. 1532, f. 38,
Glossary, p. 17. for this word, which appears to be merely by
BYET. Work not finished. North. me. MS. Bodl. 294 has the same reading. He
BYETH. Be. (A*-$.) was misled by the apparent necessity of the
BY-FAR. Much. Var.dial. rhyme. See, however, the example quoted
BYFFE. Beef. Prompt. Parv. under Alkymistre / and gloss, to Urry's
BY-FOUNDB. Found out ; discovered. Hearne. Chaucer, in v. Alouth.
So wolle I nou5t that eny tyme
BY-FRUITS. According to Kennett, MS, Lansd. Be loste of that thou hast do by me
1033, " those wens or humid hubbies which MS. Soc. Antiq. i'34, f. 101.
insects raise upon vegetables, wherein they For deth cam so in haste by me
lodge their egge and produce their young, are Ere I hadde therto eny tyme.
Cower, MS. Cantab, f. 39.
call'd by-fruits,"
BYGABBED. Deceived. Rob. Glouc. p. 458. BY-MOLEN. To spot; to stain. (A.-S.)
BYGAGED. Mad ; bewitched. JExmoor. BYMOWE. To mock. Apol Loll.
BYGATES. Spoil; plunder. Weber. BYMYNSTER. To administer.
BYGET. Occasioned ; promised. Hearne. In every thinge to his wills obeys,
BYGGERE, A buyer. Maundevile. And bymynster unto his volume.
Lydgate, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 14.
BY-GOLD. Tinsel. Cotgrave has, •< Orpel, sil- BYN. Within. Ritson.
Ter and by -gold, a Mnd of leafe-tinne used in
BYNAME. To nick-name.
the silvering over of trifles for children." BYNDE. The woodbine. Prompt. Parv.
BYGORN. A goblin. North.
BYGYNG. Beginning. Hearne. BYNDERES. Binders; robbers who bind.
BYHANGGID. Hanged up.
Y shuU be byhanggid by all right and reason. Havelol-.
BYNE. (1) Malt. Cambr.
MS. Laud. 416, f. 61. (2) A bin, a manger, according to Mr. Utterson,
BYHEFDED. Beheaded. Hearne. but more probably a corruption oipyne. See
BYHETER. A surety. WicUiffe. Syr Tryamoure, 160.
BYHOREDE. Committed adultery against. BYNNY. A kind of pepper. Cowett.
For thou haste byhorede my lorde, BY-NOMEN. Taken away. (A.-S.}
Thou salle hafe wonderynge in the worlde, BY-NOW. A short time ago. West.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 120. BYNTE. Bound.
BYHOVE. To advantage. Chaucer. He drynketh the wyn, but at laste
BYHT. Beeth, Ritson. The wyn drynketh him, and&ynfehlm faste.
Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 1£4, f. 177.
BY-JAPEN. To mock; to ridicule. (A.-S.) He taketh, he kepeth, he halte, he bj/nte.
See Piers Ploughman, pp. 386, 453 j and That lyjter is to fle the flynte. Ibid. f. 156.
Bejape. BYOFTHE. Behoof; profit. Rot. Glouc.
BY-JEN. By St. John. North.
BYKER. A beaker cup. Prompt. Parv. BYON. A quinsy. North.
BY-PAST. Past by. North
BYLACE. Caught; beset. (A.-N.) BY-PLOT. A small piece of ground in an out of
BYLAND. A peninsula. This term seems to the way place.
have been introduced by Harrison, Description These dales works are not imploied upon those
of Britaine, p. 30. waies that lead from market to market, but ech
BYLA Y. Belonged. " As to hym oylay" Rob. surveior amendeth such by~plots and lanes as seeme
Glouc. p. 421. best for his owne coirmodme, and more easie passage
BY-LA YNE. Lain with. (^.-£) SeeRitson's unto his fieMs and pastures.
Songs, i. 67; Richard Coer de Lion, 1119. Harrison's Description of Britaine, p. H4.
Heslepydnevyr be hursyde, BYQUIDE. Bequest.
Nor hath hur not by-tayne* Hys byqttide in thys manere he made byvore hys deth,
Le Bune Florence of Rome, 1071. Rob. Glouc. p. 381
BT-LEMAN. A second lover or gallant. See BYRDE. Glossed "moste."
 CAA 225 CAB

For sothe so hym byrdc, and maltsters to rest on in the night, and at
For he was a meiveylus hyrde. other times when tending their fires. Sussex.
MS. Hurl. 1701 ,f. 27. BYSYLIERE. More busy ; more attentive. It
BYRDING. A burden? (A.~S.) It is explained, is translated by attentius in Reliq. Antiq. i. 8
" playing, gamboling," Towneley Myst. p. 79. BYSYSCHYPPE. Activity.
BYRDUNE. A burden. Prompt. P arc. Wast hast thou do offbysy$c7iyppe,
BYRE. The stump of a tree. North. To love and to ladyschyppe.
MS. Cantab. Ff. i. C, f. 3.
BYREVY5THE. Bereaveth. See the Chron.
Vilodun. p. 113. BYT. Bite. Ritson.
BYREYNYNGE. Burning. Hearne. BYTACK. A farm taken in addition to another
BYRIDEN. Buried. WicUlffe. farm, and on which the tenant does not reside,
BYRKYN. Breaking. Towneley Myst. Herefordsh.
BYRLAKIN. A familiar diminutive of ly our BY-TAIL.
dial. The right handle of a plough. Var.
Lady, often introduced in old plays.
BYRNSTON. Brimstone. Skelton. BYTE. (1) A morsel; a bit. (A.-S.)
BY-RONNE. Run over. (A.-S.) (2) To cut, as a sword, or any instrument. See
He fond Rymenild sittynde, Tundale, p. 24; Eglamour, 491.
And wel sore wepynde, Ther was no knyfe that wolde hym byte.
So whyt so the sonne MS. Cantab. Ff . ii. 38, f. 66.
Mid terres al by-ronne. Kyng Horn, 652. Gye, wyth hys owne hande,
BYRYNE. To bury. Prompt. Parv Defendyd hym with hys axe bytande. Ibid. f. 189
BYS. Be. Weber. Hot thofe he rade never so faste,
His nobille spereon hym he braste,
BYSCHELLE. A bushel. Prompt. Pan\ It wold nott in hym bytt.
BYSCHYPRYCHE. A bishopric. Prompt. MS. Lincoln A. I. 17, f. 141.
Parv.
BYS CUTE. Biscuit. Prompt. Parv. BYTH. (1) Is; shall be. (A.-S.)
BYSMALOW. Theholyhock,aplant. See au old (2) Bite. Cov.Myst.
BY-THE-WALLS. Unburied. East.
book of medical receipts, MS. Bodl. 59U BYTOC. Committed. Rob. Glouc. p. 183.
ad fin.
B YTTE. A bottle ; a flagon. Warw.
BY-SMOKEDE. Covered with smoke. (A.-S.) BYTYLLE. A beetle. Prompt. Parv.
And thanne me thoghte the barelles brakke, and
BYUEDE. Bowed. Rol. Glouc.
thare smote owte swylke a smoke, that it alle by-
smokede thame that was abowte. BYVONDE. Found; contrived. Hearne.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17. f. 254. BYVORE. Explained " Far off," by Heame,
BYSOM. BHnd. (A.-S.) See Bison. This form but it clearly means lefore in Rob. Glouc.
occurs in Reliq. Antiq. ii. 238, the burden of
BY-WAKE.
p. 348. Watched OTer.
a ballad being, "for now the lysom ledys Writ that nyjt that he was take,
the blynde."
BYSPYNG. Confirmation. Another form of And with tourmentoures by-trf*em
MS.Addit ;i3C7, f. 09.
fiishoppinff, q. v. Cotgrave says lisping is the BY-WASH. The outlet of water from a dam*
\ulgar mode of speaking the word, in v. North.
Confirmation. BY-WAYT. To be patient,
3et wolle y make relacion
Of the confirmacion,
BY-WIPE. An indirect sarcasm. North.
BYWOOPEN. Made senseless. Coles. It is
That by Englysche menyng
Ys called the byspyng MS. Craves 57. explained " made of silk," in Cocker's English
The same cosenage ynne alle thyng, Dictionary, 1724.
Ys yn the childys byspyng. Ibid. BYWORD. A proverb. (A.-S.)
BYSSI. Soon; readily? BYYN. To buy. Prompt. Parv.
Sire, quod the stiwarde anoon, BYZANT. A besom. Dorset.
Al bys*i schai I fynde oon. BY3AR. A buyer. Apol. Loll
Wrights Seven Sages, p. 54. BY3ING. Buying. Prompt. Parv.
BYSSINE. Fine silk. WicUiffe. BY3T. A bend. Not « hollow, cavity/' as ex-
BYST. Prayest. See Rob. Glouc. p. 337, where plained in.Syr Gawayne.
In the by$t of the hartne also
the Heralds' College MS. reads biddest. Anojyr hys that mot be undo. Reliq. Anliq. i. 19U.
BYSTE. A temporary bed used by hop-driers

CAB. (1) A small number of persons secretly

CA. (1) To drive. North. united in the performance of some under-
(2) A jackdaw. Juniw.
CAAD. Cold. North. taking. Swsex.
CAAS. (1) Case. (A.-N.) (2) Any sticky substance. Devon.
And in suche caas often tymes they be, CABBAGE. The part of a deer's head wherein
Thac one may make them play with strawes thre. the horns are set. To cabbage, to grow to a
MS. Rawl.C.tt. head, applied to the horns of a deer. See
(2) Chance. North. Wyl Buckes Testament, p. 5 ; Skelton, ii. 350;
(3) Because, North. Ilowell, sect. iii.
15
 CAD CAT
220
TABBY. Sticky ; clammy. Devon. called a cude of herrings. In Kent a
CABES. A cabbage. u Braasica capitafa, cole cade of beef is any parcel or quantity of pieces
ca6e,t," Elyot. Cdbbishes, Middleton, v. 35, under a whole quarter. See Kennett, p. 36 ;
and var. dial. Ord. and Reg. 102; Prompt. Parv. pp. 57,
CABLE-IIATBA"XD. A fashion introduced 299. A small cask was also termed a cade;
about 1599, being a twisted cord of gold, sil- Florio, in v. Bugnola. " Cadel of musculs to
ver, or silk, worn round the hat. potage," Ord. and Reg. p. 445.
CABLISIL Brushwood. Law terra*
(2) Testis.
Telle North.
schul wives tuelve,
CABOB. A leg of mutton, stuffed with white
herrings and sweet herb.3. 3if atii child may be made
CABOBBLE. To confuse or puzzle. East. \Vithouten knoweingdt'thow
of marines cade. p. 3G.
and Merlin,
CABOCIIE. Tofccnrl. (J.-.V.) CADE-LAMB. A house-lamb. North. Hence
There nedeth no more but to wbnJic his hot1;],
alle the o\er jawes stylle thereon, and the Iilx-Has applied to a pet child.
forsayd. CADENT.
MS. Botl!. 54G. Falling. Shale.
CADER. A small frame of wood on which the
CABRIOLES. A lady's head-dress.
CABRITO. A kid. (Span.) fisherman keeps his line. South.
CABULATOR. Saltpetre. Howell CADESSE. A jackdaw. See Cotgrave, in v.
CACCHEN. To catch ; to take. (A.-S.) Chouchette; Hollyband, in 7. Chouca;
CACHE. (1) To go. Marlowe, iii. 534; Withals, ed. 1608, p.
(2) To couch or lay down. Skelton. 23.
CADEW. The straw-worm.
CACHERE. A hunter. (J.-v.)
CACHE RELE. A catchpole, CADGE. (1) A circular piece of wood, on which
CACHET. Gone. hawks are carried when exposed for sale.
CACK. Alvum exonerate. Var.diaL Cackabed, (2) To carry. North.
a term of contempt, Florio, in v. (Zufizza Ictto ; (3) To bind or tie. Thoresby says, " a term in
Hawkins, iii. 63. making bone-lace." Palsgrave has, " I cadge
CACKLE. To babble. Var. dial a garment, I set lystes in the lynyng to kepe
CACKLIKG-CHEAT. A cock or capon. A cant
term, found in Dekker's Belman of London, (4)belly. the piyghtes in order."
fill, generally at another's ex-
1616 ; Earle's Microc. p. 254.
To stuff, pense. toNorth. Hence cadge-belly, a full fat
CACKMAG. Chatter; idle talk. East.
CACORNE. The windpipe. Devon. CADGER. A packman or itinerant huckster.
CAD. A very small pig. East. Var. dial According to Kennett, p. 36, "a
CADAK. A light frame of wood put over a cadger is a butcher, miller, or earner of any
scythe to preserve and lay the corn more even
in the swathe. Staff. other load."
CADGY. Merry ; cheerful. North.
CADATORS. Beggars who make circuits round CADLING. False ; insincere. West.
the kingdom, assuming the characters of de- CADLOCK. The rough cadlock is the wild
cayed gentlemen. mustard, and the smooth cadlock is the wild
CADDEL. Cow parsnip. Devon. rape. North.
CADDIS. Worsted, or worsted ribbon. " Caddas, CADNAT.CAD MA. The least pig of the litter. Var. dial
A canopy.
or cruel ribbon," Book of Rates, 1G75, p. 293.
The dresses of servants were often ornamented CADOCK. A bludgeon. Somerset.
with it. There seems to have been a kind of CADUKE. Crazy; frail. (Lat.} See Hall,
woollen stuff so called. Palsgrave has, Edward IV. f. 59 ; Dial. Creat. Moral, p. 154.
CADY. Foolish ; addled, Salop.
" caddas or crule, sayctte" (f. 22.) This was
used for stuffing dresses. See the Prompt. CECITY. Blindness. Miege.
Parv. p. 57. CAFART. A hypocrite. (Fr.}
CADBLE. (1) A dispute, noise, contention, con- CAFF. (1) Chaff. North. See Apol. Loll p. 54.
fusion. Var. dial*
(2) To coax; to spoil. North, (2) To cavil or run off a bargain ; to abandon
(3) To tease, or annoy. West. anything. Craven.
(4) To scold ; to hurry ; to attend officiously. CAFFA. taffata.
Some kind of rich stuff, perhaps
West.
(5) To squander money. Wanu. CAFFLE. To cavil. North.
CAFT. Intimidated. Yorksh.
CADDOW. A jackdaw. East. " Nodulnsis&lso CAG. A stump. West.
for a caddow or dawe," Withals, ed. 1608,
CAGED. Imprisoned ; confined. North.
p. *87.
< I saw a daw, a knot which roundly knat : CAGEL. To harrow ground. North.
Such a da\ve 1 never saw but that**' CAGMAG. (1) Properly an old goose, bat ap-
CADDY. (1) A ghost or bugbear. North. plied to coarse bad food of any kind. There
(2) The caddis-worm, or .grub of the May-fly. is a small inferior breed of sheep called
Devon. caymags.
(3) Well ; strong ; liearty ; in good spirits. North. (2) To quarrel. Wore.
CADE. (1) A barrel containing six hundred her- CAIE. A quay. Minshw.
 227
CAL
CAL
CAILES. Nine-pins. Minshev. " Caylys, car- (2) To throw ; to move irregularly ; to gambol.
East.
tlyns:, and haserdy," Reliq. Antiq. ii. 224.
CAIN ED. Mothery. North. (3) Pottage. " No man can make of ill acates
CAIN GEL. A crabbed fellow. North. Caingy, good cale" Cotgrave, in v. Viande.
peevish, illtempered. (4) Aubrey, MS. Nat. Hist, Wilts, p. 291, says
CAIRD. A tinker. Northumb. that cale is a Dorsetshire term for colewort.
CAIRT. A chart. Brit. Bibl. ii, 143. Calestoke is mentioned in a receipt in MS.
CAISAR. A king, or emperor. (A.-N.) Med. Line. f. 297. Cf. Prompt. Parv. p. 58 j
CA ITCHE. The game of tennis, as appears from Skelton, ii. 38.
a passage quoted in the Brit. Bibl. i. 135. CALEEVER. To gambol. North.
Jamieson gives another example, hut seems in CALENDER. To smooth woollen cloths, and give
doubt as to the meaning of the term. them a gloss.
CALENTURE. A hot fever. See London Prodi-
CAITIF. A wretch. (^.-Ar.) In the pro-
vinces acripple is so called. An adjective in gal, p.129 ; HalTs Poems, 5 . 57.
Hall's Satires, iv. 2, base, servile. CALEWEIS. A kind of pear. (A.-N.)
CAITIFTEE. Captivity. WicMffe. CALF-LICK. A tuft on the forehead which can-
CAKE. (1) To cackle. North. not be made to lie in the same direction with
(2) A foolish fellow. Var. dial the rest of the hair. North.
CAKE-BREAD. A roll or manchet. See Ben CALF-STAGES. Places for holding calves.
Glouc.
Jonson,
ii. 262. iv. 512; Hawkins' Engl. Dram, CALF-TRUNDLE. The entrails of a calf. Figura-
CAKE-CREEL. A rack at the top of a kitchen tively applied to the ruffle of a shirt, or flounces
to dry oat-cakes. North. of a gown.
CAKE-NIGHT. The eve of All Saints, so called CALF- YARD. The dwelling-place of our infancy.
at Ripon in Yorkshire, at which time a cake is North.
made for every member of the family. CALIMANCO-CAT. A tortoise-shell cat. Norf.
CAKERED. Bound with iron. North. CALIS. A chalice. (A.-S.) See Rob. Glouc.
CAKE-SPRITTLE. A thin board of about the p. 489 ; Havelok, 187 ; St. Brandan, p. 14.
same dimensions with the hake-stone, used for CALIVER. A large pistol or blunderbuss. See
turning the oat-cakes while over the oven. Ben Jonson, iii. 452 ; Florio, in v. Colioro ;
Yorfah. Marlowe, iii. 256; Brit. Bibl. i. 135.
CAKO. Some kind of mineral, mentioned by CALKINS. The parts of a horse-shoe which are
Forman in MS. Ashmole 208, f. 78. turned up and sharpened to prevent slipping.
CALABASS. A small kind of gun, alluded to North. See Kennett, p. 36; Florio, in v.
by Bourne, in his Inventions or Devises, Rampone, " a calkin in a horses shooeto keepe
1578. him
CALABER. A kind of fur. See Brit. Bibl. ii. i. 83. from sliding." Cawkons, Reliq. Antiq.
401 ; Strutt, ii. 102 ; Cov. Myst. p. 242. CALL. (1) To abuse or scold. North
CALABS. Steel. (2) Occasion ; necessity. Var. dial.
CALAMANCE. Perhaps for calamanco, a kind (3) The outlet of water from a dam. North.
of woollen stuff, in Lilly's Midas. Fustian is- (4) When hounds are first cast off, and find
mentioned immediately afterwards, applied to game, they are said to call on.
language in a similar manner ; and as the sur- (5) To proclaim, or give notice by the public
face of calamanco shines somewhat like satin, crier. Var. dial.
our reading does not seem to be improbable. CALLANT. A lad, or stripling. North.
CALANDER. A kind of lark. See Howell, CALLARDS. Leaves and shoots of cabbages
sect. 39 ; Sex Linguarum Dictionarius, 8vo. /. Wight.
Nur. 1549. This seems to have been cor- CALL-BACK. A wear or dam. North.
rupted into carnal. CALLE. (1) A species of cap, or network worn
CALANGY. To challenge. Rob. Glouc. p. 451. on the head. It is the gloss of reticulum, in
CALASSES. Alms-houses. Grose. MS. Arund. 249, f. 88, which Elyot translates,
CALCAR. An astrologer. To calke, or calkill, " a coyfe or call, which men or women used to
to cast a figure or nativity. See Ritson's weare on theyr beades." Cf. Troilus and
Fairies, p. 45; Bale's Kynge Johan, p. 71; Creseide, iii. 776 ; Wright's Pol. Songs, p. 158;
Prompt. Parv. p. 58 ; Triall of Mens Witts, MS. HarL 2257, f. 154 ; Dent's Pathway, p.
1604, p. 183. 46 ; Reliq.. Antiq. i. 41 ; Isaiah, iii. 18.
CALCOCOS. Brass. Howell. Maydyns wer callis of silk and of thred,
CALCULE. To calculate. (A.-N.} See Chaucer, And damsellis kerchevis pynnid uppon. therhed.
Cant. T. 11596; Troilus and Creseide, MS. Laud. 416, f. 44.
iv. 1398. (2) To invite. Perceval, 941.
CALDAR. Tin. Howett. CALLED-HOME. Asked in the church.
CALDE. Called. CALLER. (1) Cool; fresh. North.
CALDESE. To cheat, or deceive, especially by (2) To caper; to jump. I.WigU.
fortune-telling, Butkr. CALLET. Asfloldjateb. Often a term of tfae
CALE. (1) A turn. North. greatest contempt. It is still in use, and it
 CAM 228 CAM
found both as a substantive and a verb. Cal- (2) Awiy. North. A person who treads down
leting housewife, a regular confirmed scold. the shoe heel is said to cam.
CALLIERD. A hard stone. North.
(3) A comb. A Cumb.
CAMACA. land of silk or rich cloth. Cur-
CALLING. An appellation. Shak.
CALLING-BAND. A leading-string. North. tains were often made of this material. See
CALLOT. A kind of skull-cap, or any plain coif. the Squyr of Lowe Degre, 835 ; Test. Vetust.
Nares. p. 14 ; Cov. Myst. p. 163. Camoca, misspelt
CALL-OVER. To publish the banns of marriage. camora, Test. Vetust. p. 12.
Somerset. CAMAIL. A camel. (A.-N.) A neckguard, ac-
CALLOW. (1) Smooth ; bald; bare; unfledged. cording to Planche, p. 123, was also so called.
It U explained implumis in Junius, and in It was sometimes made of camel's hair. The
Upton's MS. additions. East. thickest part of the armour near the neck was
(2) The stratum of vegetable earth lying above called the carnal or camail.
gravel, sand, limestone, £c, which must be CAM ALT ON. The camel-leopard. See Sh
removed in order to reach them. East. Ferumbras, ap. Ellis, ii. 372.
CALLS. Pieces of tape. North. See Cunning- CAMARADE. A comrade. Miege.
ham's Revels Accounts, p. 7. CAMBER. (1) A harbour. South.
CALLYMOOCHER. A term of reproach. See
Middleton, i. 174. It is probably connected CAMBER-NOSE.(2) Cambria; Wales. Warner.
with micher. An aquiline nose. Junius.
CALLYVAN. A pyramidal trap for catching GAMBLE. To prate saucily. Yorfah.
birds. Somerset. CAMBRIL. The hock of an animal. Derby sh.
CALM. Scum of liquor. East. Drayton has the word, imperfectly explained
CALMES. The cogs of a wheel. Nort7i. Appa- by Nares ; and it occurs in Topsell's Beasts,
p. 408, where the meaning is clearly deve-
rently the frames of a window in Harrison's
Description of England, p. 187. loped. Blount has, " cambren, a crooked
CALMEWE. A kind of sea bird. See Harts- stick, with notches on it, which butchers use
home's Met. Tales, p. 133 ; caldmawe, Lyd- to hang sheep or calves on, when they dress
gate's Minor Poems, p. 202. them." Glossographia, ed. 1681, p. 102.
CALMY. Mothery. East. CAMBUCK. (1) The dry stalks of dead plants, as
CALSEY. A pavement, or causeway. Huloet. of hemlock. East.
CALSONS. Close linen trousers for men. See (2) A game at ball, played with a crooked stick,
Howell, Sect, xxxiii. mentioned in Stowe's Survey, ed. 1720, i. 251.
CALTROP. An instrument with four spikes, so CAMBURE. Hooked.
contrived that one of the spikes always stands GAMED. Covered. North.
upwards, no matter in what direction it is CAMELINB. A stuff made of camel's hair.
thrown. SeeFlorio, inv. Iribolo ; Arch. xxi. (A.-N.} See Rom. of the Rose, 7367.
51, xxii. 386 ; Middleton, iv. 623 ; Holinshed, The cloth was ryche and ry;t fyn,
Hist. Engl. p. 33, Hist. Ireland, p. 89; The chaumpe it w.is ofMS.Addit. red camelyn.
11307, f- 97.
Stanihurst's Description of Ireland, p. 57;
Cotgrave, in v. Chaussetrape. Hall, Henry CAMELYNE.
Forme of Cury, p. 66. A kind of sauce. See Pegge's
V. f. 16, says the caltrop was introduced after CAMERARD. A comrade. Greene.
the year 1415, but in this he seems to be mis- CAMERATED. Arched or roofed.
taken. Howell says it was used in hunting
the wolf. There was also a kind of thistle so CAMERIKE. Cambrick. See Strutt, ii. 241 ;
called. Arch. ix. 251 ; Brit. Bibl. ii. 399.
CALUZ. Bald. Weoer. CAMET. Silver. HowelL
CAMIL. Chamomile. Somerset.
CALVERED -SALMON. Salmon prepared in a CAMIS. A light, loose dress or robe, of silk or
peculiar manner, frequently mentioned in other material. Camisado is a similar article
early authors. Palsgrave has, " calver of I
samon, escume de saulmon" Cf. Ben Jonson, i white of dress. " To give a camisado, viz. to wear a
shirt over their armes, that they may
iv. 57 ; Rutland Papers, p. 84 ; Ordinances and j
Regulations, pp. 175, 225, 469; Forme of know one another in the dark," Howell,
sect. 5. Hence an attack was called a cami-
Cury, p. 49. It was prepared when quite sado ; Holinshed, Hist. Engl. pp. 8, 49, 155 ;
fresh, and hence the term seems occasionally
to be applied to fresh salmon. Cotgrave, in v. Diane.
CALVEREN. Calves. CAMLE. A camelion. Maundevile.
Of thi calveren on this wyse CAMMED.
\ North. Crooked. Also, cross, illnatured.
BI tirantis hondis oflfrld here. MS. Digby 18.
CALVES-HENGE. A calf s pluck. Somerset. CAMMEDE. Short nosed. See Reliq. Antiq.
Calves-mugget, a pie made of the entrails of i. 240 ; Prompt. Parv. p. 59.
calves. See Arch. xiii. 370. CAMMICK. The plant restharrow. Dorset.
CALYON. A stone or flint. Palsgrave. See Piers Ploughman, p. 414.
CAM. (1) A ridge, or old earthen mound. Also, CAMMISH. Awkward ; clumsy. South.
a camp. North. See the State Papers, i. 886. CAMMOCK. A crooked tree or beam ; timber
 229
CAN CAN
prepared for the knee of a bhip. w As crooked CANARIES. A quick and lively dance. The
as a cammocke," Mother Bombie. persons who danced it sometimes used casta-
Though the cammoch the more it is bowed the nets. A complete account of the dance is
better it is, yet the bow, Lhe more it i* b«?nt and oc-
given in Douce's Illustrations, i. 221. See
cupied, the weaker it waxeth. Lilly's Euphues.
Fairholt's Pageants, ii. 1/3; Middleton, iii.
CAMNYS. Jambs, or leg-coverings. 39, iv. 174 ; Du Bartas, p. 51G; Florio, in v.
CAMOISE, Crooked ; flat. (^.-A~.) Also spelt
camuse, Chaucer, Cant. T. 3932, 3972. The
CANARY. (1) A kind of sweet wine, very much
\vord is generally applied to a nose. used in this country in the earlier part of the
CAMOOCH. A term of contempt, See Middle- seventeenth century. The term is still in use
ton's Works, i. 239. It would seem to have for a glass of spirits, "which may hence have
some connexion with cavtoccia, the rupicaper, its origin.
or wild goat
CAMOROCHE. The wild tansy. (2) A sovereign. Tar. dial.
(3) A kept mistress. North.
CAMP. (1) An ancient athletic game of ball, CAN-BOTTLE. The long-tailed titmouse. Salop.
formerly in vogue in the Eastern counties.
CANCARBE. Cankered ; corrupt. " Cancarde
Villages used to be matched against each other
in this amusement, and there was so much dksimulacyon," Hall, Henry IV. f. 5. Shake-
speare uses the word in this sense. Also, ill-
rivalry, that the term came to be generally natured, peevish. Cankardly, Robin Hood.
applied to contend in anything. Campyng, i. 99.

Reynard CANCELIER. In falconry, is when a light flown

Poems, p.the 200,Foxe, p. 142*.
compares the Lydgate,
breast of Minor
a wo- hawk, in her stooping, turns two or three
man to " a large campyng balle." In Prompt. times upon the wing to recover herself before
Parv. p. 60, occurs, " eaxnpar, or pleyar at she seizes.
foottballe,
mentioned pediltisor." Camp-ball
in tie old comedy also CANCH.
of theis*Blind
A small quantity of corn in the straw
put into the corner of a bam ; a short turn or
Beggar of Bethnal Gret>n, quoted by Strutt, spell at anything ; a trench, cut sloping to a
p. 101.
Get camper? a ball, very narrow bottom ; a certain breadth in dig-
To U.MP therewithal!. Tusser, p. 56. ging or treading land, or in turning over a
(2) To talk of anything. Lane. dung-hill. East.
(3) A hoard of potatoes, turnips, &c. North. CANCRO. A Mud of imprecation. (Hal.)
CAMPABLE. Able to do. North. CANDLE. The pupil of the eye. West.
CAMPANE. Consisting of fields. " Campane CANDLE-BARK. A round cylindrical box , used
for holding candles. North. Also called a
bedde," Brit. BibL ii. 143. Topsell, Hist. candle-case.
Beasts, p. 268, mentions " the cawpestriallQi
ft el de -hare." CANDLE-BEAM. Huloethas, " candle-beame,
CAMPERKNOAYS. Ale-pottage, made with suche as hangeth in gentlemens halles, with
sugar, spices, £c. Grose. sockettes, to 1552.
Abcedariurn, set candels upon, lacunar."
CAMPE SON. A stuffed doublet, worn under the
armour; the gambison. CANDLE-CAP. An old hat without a brim,
CAMPLE. To talk, contend, or argue. North. with a candle in front ; chiefly used by butch-
ers. North.
Spelt also campo, and Gamble. CANDLEN. Candles. Rol>. Glouc.
CAMPLETES. A kind of wine, mentioned in a CANDLE SHEARS. Snuffers.
curious list in MS. Rawl. C. 86.
CAMSTEERIE. Crazy. Northtmb. CANDLE-WASTERS. A contemptuous appel-
CAMUSE. See Camoise, lation for hard students.
CAN. (1) A milk-pail. YorJcsh. CANDLING. A supper given in some parts of
the country by landlords of ale-houses to their
(2) Knows. (^.-£) The present tense from
canne, to know. customers on the eve of Candlemas-day.
CANE. A small animal of the weasel kind.
(3) To be able. It is very common both in this Var. dial.
sense and the last in our early writers, and is
CANED. Mothery. Yorkshire.
used in a variety of ways by the Elizabethan
writers. GiSbrd and Dyce have confused the CANEL. (1) A channel, (A.-N.) In Somersetshire
two meanings. the faucet of a barrel is so called. Canel-rakers>
Cocke Lorelles Bote, p. 10.
(4) Began to. Spenser. It is used as an auxiliary
before verbs in the infinitive mood to express (2) Cinnamon. (A.-N.) See Rom. of the Rose
a past tense, gloss, to Syr. Gawayne. See 1370 j Cocaygne, 75; Reliq. Antiq. i. 301 i
Robin Hood, ii. 84 ; Uttersot), i. 106. KyngAlisaunder, 6794 ; Wright's Purgatory,
When the lady can awake, p. 55 ; Prompt. Parv. pp. 22, 60,
A dylfulle gronyng can. sche make. CANELIS. Lots. Apol Loll. p. 93.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 83. CANE -TOBACCO. Tobacco made up in a pe-
CANABYE. A canopy. culiar fora, liighly esteemed, and dear, Nares
CANACIN. The plague. Baity, CANGE. To whine. North.
CANAKIN. A small drinking-cup. CANIFFLE., To dissemble ; to flatter. Devon.
CANAPE. A canopy. Rutland Papers, p. 10, CANIONS. Rolls at the bottom of the breeches
 CAN CAP
just Mow the knee. They were sometimes230(10 To divide. Tusser, p. 278.
indented like a screw ; the common ones were CANTABANQUI. Ballad-singers. (ltd.}
called straight cantons. See Plaudit, p. 26G ; CANTANKEROUS. Contentious. Var. dial
Strutt, ii. 148 ; Webster, iii. 16o ; Middlcton, CANT-DOG. A handspike with a hook. North.
iii. 573. " SuMyar, a paire of breeches with- CANTED, Polygonal, applied to the portions
of a building.
out camions" Welde's Janua Linguarum,
1615. CANTELING. A stake or pole. North.
CANK, (1) To talk of anything; to cackle. CANTER. A vagabond; one who speaks the
Far. dial. cant language. Spelt cantler by Florio, in v.
(2) To persevere ; to overcome ; to conquer ; to Birrtine.
continue. Wilts. CANTERBURY. A canter, or short gallop.
(3) Dumb. Yorkah. Holme mentions the Canterbury rate of a
CANKEDORT. A woful case ? Chaucer. horse, in his Academy of Armory, 1688.
CANKER. (1) The common red field-poppy. CANT-HOOKS. The fingers. North.
East. Also called canker-rose. CANTING-CALLER. An auctioneer. North.
(2) The dog-rose. Var. dial. CANTLE. (1) A corner or angle ; a small piece
(3) A toadstool. West, or portion of anything. (^.-£) See Chaucer,
(4) Rust. Var. dial Cant. T. 3010; Morte Arthur, i. 25; MS.
(5) A caterpillar. South. Morte Arthure, f. 97 ; Cotgrave, in v. Eschan-
CANKERFRET. Copperas. Also a sore or tekr; Middleton, v. 209 ; Turnament of Tot-
blister in the mouth. East. tenham, xiii. ; Drayton's Poems, p. 58. Keii-
CANKERWEED. The ragwort. Var. dial nett, p. 38, says that it means " any indefinite
CANKING. Alining ; dissatisfied. DerbysJi. , numberAndor a dimension."
cantell of hys schylde,
CANLE. A can die. Craven.
CANNEL-BONE. The collar-bone. Also called Flewe fro hym ynto the fylde.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 123.
the channel-bone. See theNomenclator, p. 30;
Hawkins' Engl. Dram. ii. 215 ; Robson's Met. (2) The head. Northumb.
Rom. p. 19, (3) The leg of an animal. North.
CANNINESS. Caution ; good conduct ; care- CANTLE-PIECE. That part of the end of a
fulness. North. cask into which the tap is driven. Northumd.
CANTLY. Strongly. Minot, p. 20.
CANNING. Tying a can to a dog's tail, an CANTON. (1) To notch. Florio.
amusement still practised, and alluded to in
the Jaaua Linguarum, 1615. (2) A canto. Shak.
CANNY. Pretty ; good ; neat. North. It is CANT-RAIL. A triangular rail. East.
used generally in a sense of commendation. CANTRAP. A magic spell. North.
Canny-ninny, a sly person. CANTRED. A district, similar to the hundred,
although its dimensions have been variously
CANON. A portion of a deceased man's goods estimated. See Holinshed, Hist. Ireland, p. 4.
exacted by the priest. See the State Papers,
ii. 512, CANTSPAR. Afire-pole.
CANONS. The^first feathers of a hawk after CANTY. Merry; cheerful. North.
she has mewed. CANVAS ADO. Some kind of stroke in fencing.
See Locrine. p. 19 ; Troubles of Queene Eliza-
CANSEY. A causeway. See Marshall's Rural
Economy of Norfolk, ii. 377.
CANSH, A small mow of corn. Also, a small CAP. (1)beth,To1639,'sig. D. iv.; to finish ; to overcome
complete
pile of faggots, &c. East. in argument; to excel; to puzzle any one.
CANST. Knowest (A.-S.) Also, a challenge to competition. Var. dial
CANSTICK. A candlestick. This is a genuine To arrest.
-archaism, improperly altered by some of the A master or head. Cumb.
editors of Shakespeare. See "Wright's Monas- (4) To mend shoes at the toe.
tic Letters, p. 26 ; Cunningham's Revels Ac- (5) A piece of iron which covers the end of the
counts, p.65 ; Ritson on Fairies, p. 45. axle-tree. See Florio, in v. Chiapperone.
CANT. (1) Strong ; hearty ; lusty. Also, to re- (6) A shepherd's dog. /. Wight.
cover or mend. North. " Cant and kene," (7) The cap of a flail is the band of leather or
Minot, p. 30 ; Langtoft, p. 50. •wood through which the middle-band passes
(2) To throw ; to upset. Kent. loosely. There is one cap at the end of the
(3J An auction. North. hand-staff, generally made of wood, and an-
(4) To let fall. Sussex. other at the end of the swingel, made of
(5) The corner of a field. Any comer or niche leather. The term is at least as old as the
is also so called, and in Hampshire a small fifteenth century, being found in the Prompt.
bundle of hay is termed a cant. Parv. p. 61, but it has escaped the notice of
(6) To backbite. Herefordsh. Also, to whine the provincial glossarists.
or play the hypocrite, CAPABLE, Comprehensive. Shah
(7) To set upon edge. East. CAPADOS, A hood. (^.-JV.) Captyhowse oc-
(8) A company, or crowd, North. curs in the same sense in MS. Arund. 24£>
(9) A canter, or vagabond. f.88.
 •J31

CAP CAR
CAP-CASE. A small traveling case, or band- CAPP Y-HOLE. A laud of game, menibneu in
box. Nares. Brand's Pop. Antiq. ii. 240.
CAPE. The coping of a wall. North. CAPRICIO. A caprice. Shah.
CAPE-CLOAK. A Spanish cloak. CAPRIFOLE. The honeysuckle.
CAPEL. The horn joint which connects the CAPRIOLE. A lady's head-dress.
two parts of a flail. Devon. CAPRYCK. A kind of wine. Bale's Kynge
CAPELLIXE. A skull-cap of steel. j Johan, p. 81 ; caprihe, Harrison, p. 167.
CAPER-COUSINS. Great friends. Lane. CAPS. (1) All sorts of fungi. East.
CAPERDEWSIE. The stocks. Butler. (2) Hoodsheaves of corn-shocks. North. Also
CAPERIKIS. A kind of wine, mentioned in a called capsheaves.
curious list in MS. Rawl. C. 86, CAP-SCREED. The border of a cap. North.
CAPERLASH. Abusive language. North. CAPSIZE. To move a hogshead or other vessel
CAPER-PLANT. A common garden weed. forward by turning it alternately on the heads,
CAPES. Ears of corn broken off in thrashing. Somerset.
North. CAPTAIN. Chief; more excellent. ShaJc.
CAP HA. A kind of damask cloth. CAPTIF. Captive. (4.-N.) Captivate in the
CAPILOME. In a contest in a harvest field same sense in Hawkins, ii. 252 ; to take cap-
means the circumstance of one set of reapers tive, Florio, in v. Captivdre.
CAPUCCIO. A hood. Spenser. Capachinwas
• "being so far in advance of
out of sight by the intervention of a lull orthe other as to be used in the same sense during the last century.
rise. North. CAPUL. A horse. North. Also spelt capel,
CAPIROTADE. Stewed mince-meat. Howell, caple, capyll, £c. See Piers Ploughman, pp.
sect, xliii. According to Minsheu, " a stewed 37, 66, 354, 415, 416; Elyot, in v. Calallut,
meat compounded of veale, capon, chicken, or " an horse, yet in some part of England they
partridge minced, and laid upon sevcrall beds dooe call an horse a caple /" Chaucer, Cant. T.
of cheese." 17013 ; Utterson, i. 94 ; capons, Sir John Old-
CAPISTEN. The capstan. Arch. xi. 160. castle, p. 63. There are some curious obser-
CAPITAINE. A captain. (A.-N.) Capitay- vations on the word in Stanihurst's Descrip-
nafe, lordship, captainship, Dr. Dee's Diary, tion of Ireland, p. 12. A domestic hen is also
p. 43. called a capul, as in the Feest, ix.
CAPITLE. A chapter or summary. (Lat.) Ca- CAR. (1) A wood or grove on a moist soil, gene-
pitulated, enumerated, TopselTs History of rally of alders. A remarkable floating island,
Serpents, p. 13. nearly covered with willows, and called the
CAPLING. The cap of a flail. Car, is mentioned in the Diversions of Purley,
CAP-MONEY. Money gathered for the hunts- p. 443. Any hollow place or marsh is also
man at the death of the fox, a custom nearly termed a car.
obsolete.
CAPO. A working horse ; a capul, q. v. (2) A rock. (A-S.)
(3) To carry. South.
CAPOCCHIA. A fool ; an innocent. (Ital)
CAP-OF-MAINTENANCE. A cap of a peculiar (4) A cart. North.
form carried before the mayor of a town on CARABINS. (5) A gutter. A Line. sort of light cavalry from Spain,
state occasions. first mentioned about the year 1559. They
CAPON. (1) A letter. Shaft. were perhaps so called from their carabines,
(2) A red-herring. Kent. or muskets.
CAPON-BELL. The passing-bell. Dek&er. CARACOL. The half turn which a horseman
CAPONET. A small capon. makes on either side.
CAPON-OF-GREASE. A fat capon. Trans- CARACTES. Characters. (d.-N.) See Piers
lated attiUs capus by Huloet, 1552.
CAPON'S-FEATHER. The herb columbine. Ploughman, pp. 233, 234 ; Planche's Costume,
p. 247. Caractered, Anc. Poet. T. p. 69. Ca-
CAPOUCH. A hood. " Attired in a capouch rectis, Lydgate's Minor Poems, p. 85.
of written parchment," Pierce Penniless, p. Touchinge those brason mouldcs for caractes of
14. the planuetes, yf youe have them, and can tell
CAPPADOCHIO. A cant term for a prison. howe to use them, youe have a good thinge.
MS. Ashmole 240.
Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033, mentions a room
in a prison called the cappan-carl, GARAGE. Measure ; quality. (A«*N.)
CAP-PAPER. A coarse sort of brownish paper. CARAING. A carcase. " A viler caraing nis
See the Nomenclator, p. 6; Men Miracles, ther non," "Wright's Pol. Songs, p. 203. Ca-
1656, p. 42. rayne, Kyng Alisaimder, 6469, carrion,
CAPPE. A cope, Pr. Parv. CARAVEL. Alight small ship.
CAPPEL. To mend or top shoes. Craven. CARAWAYES. Palsgrave has, " carawayes,
CAPPER. (1) One who excels. North. small confettes, drawee" These comfits were
(2) To chop the hands. East. Also, to coagu- made with caraway seeds, and, odd as it may
late, to wrinkle. may now appear, eaten with fruit for promot-
(3) A cap-maker. See the Chester Plays, L 4 ; ing eructation. Caraways are still considered
Minsheu and Miege, in v. carminative. It i& melaudirly to peruse the
 CAR 232 CAR
CARF. (1) Carved; sliced. See Rob. Glouc.
blundering of the commentators on tbfs -word
in 2 Henry IV. v. 3. Our ancestors did not p. 116 ; Arthour and Merlin, p. 183.
eat the seeds by themselves as a part of their (2) The breadth of one cutting in a rick of hay.
desserts or banquets ; caraways there mean Kent.
caraway comfits. CARFAX. A meeting of four roads. See Prompt.
CARBERRY. A gooseberry. North. Parv. pp. 62, 188. The term is now only re-
CARBOIL. A tumult. Lane. tained atCarfax in Oxford.
CARBOKULL. A carbuncle. CARGO. A bully or bravo.
In the h>lte was a carbtikull stone, CAR-HAND. The left-hand. North. " With
A bettur swyrde was never noon. a cast of the car-honde," Kobson's Met. Rom.
ATS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 124.
CARBONADO. A steak cut cross-ways for CARIEN, To carry. (4.-S.)
broiling. See the Xomenclator, p. 88 ; All's CARIES.
p. 22. Carats of gold. (A.-N.)
Well that ends Well, iv. 5 ; Lilly's Sapho and CARINE. The bottom of a ship.
Phao, " if I venture upon a full stomack to CARK. (1) Stiff. Leic.
eate a rasher Aon necklace,
the coales,ora bracelet.
carbonado."" (2) Care ; anxiety. Also, to he careful and dili-
CARCANET.
CARCELAGE. Prison fees, gent. Cf. Collier's Old Ballads, p. 38 ; Phil-
CAR-CROW. A carrion crow. North. pot's Works, p. 328 ; Cotgrave, in v. Esmay ;
Ritson's Ancient Songs, p. 29. " I carke, I
CARD. (1) Crooked. North.
care, I take thought,;'^ chagrine" Palsgrave.
(2) A chart. Harrison, p. 39. Also, a mariner's (3) Forty tod of wool.
compass. CARKES. A carcase. Palsgrave.
(3) To mix bad and good together. CARL. A churl ; a bondman ; a rude country
CARDER. (1) A card player. See Hawkins's clown. (A.-S.}
Engl. Dram. i. 89. Here es cury imclene carle be my trowthe,
(2) A jackdaw. Suffolk Morte Artfiure, MS. Lincoln, f. 64.
CARDEW. An aiderkar, q. v. CARL-CAT. Atom-cat. North.
CARDIACLE. A disease affecting the heart. CARLINE. A stout old woman. North.
((Jr.) See Piers Ploughman, pp. 266, 430 ; CARLING. A penguin. Skelton.
Chaucer, Cant. T. 12247 ; Reliq. Antk|. i. 190. CARLINGS. Grey peas, steeped all night in
Also, great grief or anxiety. water, and fried the next day with butter.
Suche joie Titus gan undretake. Palm Sunday, formerly called Carling Sunday,
That him toke a cardhike
Of his fadres gret honourc,
is the anniversary of this dish ; though in some
That he schulde be emperoure. villages it is eaten on the previous sabbath.
MS. Addit. 10036, f. 29. North.
CARDICUE. The fourth part of a French CARLISH. Inflexible; churlish. North.
CARLOT. A rustic, or churl. ShaJc.
crown,
occurs incorrupted
our old from quart d'ecu. The term CARMES.
dramatists, Carmelite friars. (A.-N.} See Rom.
CARDINAL. A kind of cloak, much in fashion of tie Rose, 7462 ; Piers Ploughman, p. 453.
An hundrid pounde to the freris grey,
about 1760, and recently revived. And carmes fyfty, tarieth it not I say.
CARE. (1) Grief; concern; vexation. Also, Occleve, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 276.
solicitude ; inclination. CARNADINE. The carnation.
(2) To think about anything. '* I care, I busye CARNARY-CHAPEL. A charnel-house. See
my mynde with a tbynge," Palsgrave. Lelandi Itin. ed. 1769, iii. 12.
(3) The mountain-ash. Devon. CARNE. A plough land. State Papers, iii. 170.
CARE -BED. A bed of care. See Percy's Re- CAKNEL. A battlement. (^.-AT.)
Kques, p, 11 ; Perceval, 1062. And the camels so stondeth upright,
CARE-CAKE. A pancake. North Wei i-planed, and feir i-dight.
CARE-CLOTH. A square cloth held over the Castle of Love.
head of a bride by four men, one at each CARNEY. To coax. Var. dial.
comer. Palsgrave calls it cards clothe, and CARNIFEX. A scoundrel, (lat.) See Mid-
seems to say it was then (1530) out of use. dleton, iii. 523 ; Downfall of Robert, Earl of
CARECFiIN. Cheerfully. Northumb. Huntingdon, p. 39.
CAREFUL. Sorrowful. (A,-S.) CARNILATE. To build stone houses. Harri-
CARE1RES. Baret has, " a carrire, the short son's Description of England, p. 206.
turning of a nimble horse, now this way, nowe CAROCH. A coach or carriage. See Cotgrave,
that way." This is the proper meaning of the in v. Embatage ; Drayton's Poems, p. 225 ,
term, which is applied to a drunken man in Beaumont and Fletcher, iii. 467 ; Two Lanca-
the Merry Wives of Windsor, i. 1. An in- shire Lovers, 1640, p. 25.
toxicated man, as every one knows, " passes CAROIGNE. A carcase. Rob. Cfc*?.
the careires," turns this way, that way, and CAROL, (1) A closet or small study ; a kind of
overy way. See Opticke Glasse of Humors, g;w. Carol-window, a bow-window. See
1 639, p. 24 ; Cotgrave, in v. Carriere, Coursier; ucange, in v. Carola.
Florio, in v. Ctirsa.
(2)to Adance.
dance. (A.-N.) Rob. Glou. p. 53. Also,
CARE WARE. A cart. North.
 233
CAR CAB
And wymraen, y seye of tho CARROY. Regiment or body of eoldiers. (A.-N.)
That borwe clothes yn carol to go. CARRY. (1) To drive. Craven.
MS. Harl. 1701, f. 23.
(2) To recover. North.
CARONYES. Carcases. Rob. Glouc. p. 265.
CAKOUGHCLE. A small boat, made of horse- (3) To ni"ty, a phrase
carry coals," to submit to any indig-
very common in our early c^a-
hide, to carry a single person, employed on the matists, and which perhaps had its origin in
river Dee. Kennett.
the mean nature of that occupation. " The
CAROUSE. A bumper. time hath beene when I would a scorn'd to
CARP. Speech; conversation. Sometimes, noise, carry coals," Troubles of Queene Elizabeth,
tumult. (A.-N.) 1639, sig. E. iv.
CARPE. To talk or speak. (A.-N.} Palsgrave CARRY-MERRY. A kind of sledge, used in
mentions this as " a farre northen verbe." conveyingother.goods
The kyng in his concelle carpys thes wordes. Somerset. from one warehouse to an-
Morte Arthur e, MS. Lincoln, f. 60.
CARRY-PLECK. A boggy place, whose water
CARPET-KNIGHTS. Knights dubbed at court leaves a red sediment. Lane.
by favour, in contradistinction to those who CARRY-TALE. A tale-bearer. Shak
were so honoured on the field of battle or for CARRY-WITCHET. A conundrum, or riddle.
distinguished military services. They are men- . Grose says, " a sort of conundrum, puzzlewit,
tioned with great contempt by our early
writers ; and an effeminate person was called CARS. A corpse or body. (A.-S.)
or riddle."
a carpet-knight, with only a metaphorical re- CARSCHAFFE. A kerchief. Chester Plays,
ference to the original term. "A capring, i. 72.
carpet knight," Heywood's Iron Age, 1632, CARSES. Cresses. Gerard.
sig. C. iv. Also called a carpet-monger. CARSEY. Kersey. See Hall's Satires, iv. 2;
CARPET-STANDING. A small piece of rich " Carsey clothe, cresy," Palsgrave ; Harrison's
carpet, for royal and noble personages to stand Descr. of England, pp. 163, 172 ; Arch. ix. 250.
on in public places in the presence of royalty, CARSICK. The kennel or gutter. North. Caw-
or where sitting would not be considered cor- sink-pin, a pin picked up in a gutter.
rect etiquette. CART. A car ; or chariot. (A.-S.)
CARPET-WAY. A green sward. East. CART-BODY. The wooden body of a cart or
CARPMEALS. A coarse kind of cloth manu- waggon. Cartarse, the loose end of a cart.
factured inthe North of England in the reign CART-BREAD. A kind of bread, mentioned by
of James I. There was also a kind of white Elyot, in v. Agor&us,
cotton cloth called carpnel, mentioned in CARTED. Not considered; put out of consi-
Strutt, ii. 94.
CARR. A kind of black fibrous stuff washed up deration, and
See Beaumont equivalentFletcher,
to " putvi.on54. the shelf."
by the sea in heavy gales, and used by the CARTER. A charioteer. (A.-S.) Kennett, p. 42,
poor people for fuel. East. mentions an insect so called.
CARRACK. A Spanish galeon. Sometimes Eng- CARTLE. ditionsTo clip, or cut round. Urry's MS. ad-
lish vessels of great value and size were so toRay.
called. " Du# naves Hispanicse, vulgo car- CART-LOOSE. A cart-rut. North.
ricks dictae, capiuntur ab Anglis," MS. Sloane CARTLY. Rough ; unmannerly. North.
392, f. 402. See Du Bartas, p. 42; D'Ave- CART-RACK. A cart-rut. East.
nant's Madagascar, 1648, p. 17 ; Webster, ii. CARTRE. A charter. Rob. Glouc. p. 77.
49; Hardyng's Chronicle, f. 211; Morte CART-SADEL. The saddle which is placed on
d' Arthur, ii. 433. There was a smaller and the horse in the shafts. The term occurs in a
swifter kind of vessel called by this name, as curious burlesque in Reliq. Antiq. i. 81.
appears from the Squyr of Lowe Degre, 819 ; CARVANDE. Cutting ; sharp.
and in Holinshed, Description of Scotland, p. He had a spere cwrande,
22, small fishing boats called carrocJcs are And towarde the batell was rydande.
alluded to. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f.213.
CARRECT. A gold carat. CARVE. (1) To grow sour, or curdle. North.
CARREFOUR. A place where four ways meet. (2) To woo. Mr. Hunter, Illustrations, i. 215,
Florio has, " CrociccMo, a carre/oure, or has the merit of pointing out the peculiar use
crosse way." of this word, although he has not discovered
CARREL. Fustian cloth. See Book of Rates,
its meaning, which is clearly ascertained from
1675, p. 30; Florio, inv. Guamello. the use of the substantive carver in Lilly's
CARRIAGE. (1) A drain. Wilts. Mother Bombie, " neither father nor mother,
(2) A belt which carries a whetstone behind the kith nor kinne, shall bee her carver in a
mower. Var. dial husband ; shee will fall too where shee likes
(3) Import ; tendency. SkaJc.
(4) Power of resistance, (3) As much land as may be tilled in a year with,
CAHROCK. A heap of stones used as a boun- one plough.
dary mark. North. CARVEL. A basket j a chicken-coop. North.
CARROSSE. A coach. Florio* Also, a small ship or caravel, and metaphori-
best"
 CAS 2.S4 CAS

cally a prostitute. See Hall, Edward IV. f. 2 ; (3) A stratagem \ a contrivance. (d.-S.) See
Minot, p. 7G ; Heywood's Edward IY. p. 39 ; Towneley Mys>t. p. 107 ; Robson's Pxom.p. 22:
State Papers, i. 805. Harrison's Descr. of England, p. 236.
CARVETT. A thick hedge-row. Kent. (4) A brace or couple. See Beaumont and
Flat round cakes, made of Fletcher, iii. 30, 108; Florio, in v. Copia;
CARVIS-CAKES.
Privy Purse Expences of Hen. VIII. p. 141.
oatmeal, and flavoured with caraway seeds.
Willan. (5) Cast off, as a cast ship, Florio, in v. Cor-
CARYIST. A young hawk. 6dmi, " cast hulkes, old ships." Cast lips, As
CARYON. Carved ; cut. You Like It, iii. 4, unless we may read chast
CARYY-SEEDS. Caraway seeds. Somerset. lips, as in ed. 1632, p. 199.
CAR-WATER. Chalybeate water. North. (6) Plotted ; devised. Common i* our early
dramatists.
CARY. A kind of coarse cloth. See Piers
(7) To mean, intend. Percy, To contrive,
475; Collier's Memoirs of
Alleyn, p. 21. p.
Ploughman, Melibeus, p. 150. " I caste a way, I devyse
CARYE. To go. a meanes to do a thing," Palsgrave. See the
CARYSTYE. Scarcity. (Med. Lat.) Basyn, xix.
(8) To yield; to produce. Norf.
CAS. Chance A; hazard. (J.-N.') See the
CASBALD. term of contempt. (9) To choke one's self with eating too fast.
Towneley Myst. p. 213. North.
CASCADE. To vomit. Var. dial (10) Warped. North. See Kennett, MS. Lansd.
1033. Ascham uses the word.
CASE. (1) To skin an animal. See Gent. Rcc.
ii. 77. Hence, to strip, as in Beaumont and (11) Opportunity; chance. North. This is
Fletcher, iii. 150. Cases, skins, Holinshed, perhaps the meaning in Cov. Myst. p. 129 ;
Descr. of Scotland, p. 18. Erie of Tolous, 452.
(2) A pair, as of pistols, Ssc. (12) A sheep is said to be cast, when it lies on its
back. North.
(3) Because. Far. dial.
CASE-HARDENED. Impenetrable to all sense (13) When hounds check, and the huntsman
of virtue or shame. North. tries to recover the scent by taking the
CASE-KNIFE. A large knife, kept in a sheath, hounds round about the spot, he is said to cast
and earned in the pocket. Var. dial. them..
CASELINGS. The skins of beasts that die by (14) To vomit. Common both as an archaism
any accident or violent death. Chesh. and provincialism.
CASELTY. Uncertain ; casual. Went. Caswelte, (15) To cast a horse is to throw him down by a
casualty, occurs in MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, rope disposed in a particular manner, for any
f. 51. operation requiring confinement of the limbs.
CASEMENT. A concave moulding-. (16) Thwarted ; defeated. Salop.
CASE-WORM. The caddis. East. Florio men- (17; To deliver prematurely, as cows and other
beasts. Salop.
tions "casses or earthwormes," ed. 1011,
p. 290. (18) To empty.Books,
" Casting
CASHED. Cashiered. SeeLeyccsterCorr. p. 13; Household p. 21.the poondes," Howard
Holinshed, Chron. Irel. p. 136. (19) To set a hawk on a perch. Berners. Also,
CASIERS. Broad wide sleeves. Devon. to purge a hawk.
CASINGS. Dri^l cow-dung used for fuel. North. (20) Looked forward. Devon.
Casard an'? Oasen occur in Pr. Parv. p. 63. (21) To consider. Thynne's Debate, p. 75,
See Drayton's " casten how the matter wyll befall." Also,
CASK. A helmet, or casque.
Poems, p. 65 ; Dodsley, ii. 295. to determine. Palsgrave, and Drayton's Poems,
CASKET. A stalk, or stem. North.
CASPERE. The herb cardiac. (22) To dismiss, or rather, perhaps, to appoint
CASS. A word to drive away a cat. Somerset. persons
p. 34. to their several stations, as characters
CASSABULLY. The winter cress. South. in a play. See Malone's Shakespeare, ix. 319.
CASSE. To discharge ; to break or deprive of an (23) A brood or flight of hawks. " Caste of
office; to cashier; to disband. See Cashed; haukes, nice doiseaux" Palsgrave. Sometimes
Cotgrave, in v. Casser, Destitution, Lonnt; a couple, as in (4).
Skelton, ii. 107. Cassen, cast off, Brockett. '24) To spin a top.
CASSIASISTRE. The cassia fistula, described by '25) To cast a compass, to rectify or correct it.
Gerard, p. 1242. See an early list of plants in Pakgrave.
MS. Sloane 5, f. 3. (26) To add up a sum.
CASSOCK. A loose outward coat, particularly a (27) To cast beyond the moon, a proverbial phrase
military one. See Ben Jonson, i. 62 ; Har- for attempting impossibilities. Besides the
rington's Nug. Antiq. i. 261 ; cassaque, Strutt, examples quoted by Nares may be mentioned
ii. 246. one in Mother Bombie, ed. 1632, sig. Aa. viii.
CASSON. Beef. Better. (28) Added. WicklinVs New Test. p. 9.
CAST. (1) A second swarm of bees from one (29) A castle. Rob. Glouc.
hive. Var. dial. To think ; to cogitate. Baret.
(2) To speak ; to address. (31) A small portion of bread. See Ordinances
 235
CAT CAT
sticks, and a small piece of wood, rising in the
and Regulations, pp. 26, 50, 72 *, Harrison's middle, so as to rebound when struck on either
Descr. of England, p. 168. It seems to mean
the portions of several loaves together into side. This game is still played, and is even a
which bread is generally baked. " A caste favourite in the metropolis. See Nares, and
Middleton,iv.527. It is also called Cat andDog,
piece," several pieces joined into one, Florio,
in v. Caverna. as Mr. Hartshorne notices, Salop. Antiq. and
(32) To throw dice. also in MS. Addit. 5008, under the year 1582.
(33) To "cast up," to upbraid; to reproach. Take them who dares at nine-holes, cardes, or cat.
North. Palsgrave has this phrase in the Peacham'a Thalias Banquet, 1G20.
sense, to forsake ; " I cast up, I forsake a CATADUPE. A waterfall. (Lat.}
CATAIAN. A sharper.
thyng." CATAPUCE. A kind of spurge. (^.-JV.)
(34; To " cast a person's water," to find out
diseases by the inspection of urine, a very CAT-ARLES. An eruptive disorder on the
common practice in former times. The phrase skin. North.
is used by Shakespeare. CATAYL. A sort of vessel. See Richard Coer
(35) To " cast afore,'7 to forecast. Palsgrave. de Lion, 1407. There is a ship called a catch,
(36) " I cast my penyworthes, je pourjecte; mentioned in Harrison, p. 201, for which this
whan I have all caste my penyworthes, I maye may be an error.
put CAT-BEAGLE. A swift kind of beagle men-
f. 183.my wynnyng in myn eye," Palsgrave, tioned in the Gent. Rec. ii. 68.
(37) To groan. Warw. CAT-BILL. A woodpecker. North.
(38) Strife ; contention. CAT-BLASH. Anything thin or sloppy, as weak
(39) To condemn. Minsheu. tea. Line.
(40) To arrange or dispose. Pr. Part. CAT-B RAIN. A kind of rough clay mixed with
CASTELET. A turret. (A.-N.) stone. West.
CASTELIS. Camps. (Lat.) CAT-CALL. A kind of whistle, chiefly used at
CASTELLE. A large cistern. theatres, to interrupt the actors, and damn a
CASTE N. Cast off. North. new piece. It was in common use some years
CASTER. (1) A cloak. Dekker. ago, but is not often heard at the present day.
(2) A cow that casts her calf. CATCH. (1) A few hairs drawn out of a knot or
CASTING-BOTTLE. A bottle used for casting, bunch, which is woven in the silk.
or sprinkling, perfumes, introduced about the (2)into
To evil.
" catch copper," to take harm, to fall
middle of the sixteenth century. See the
Tragedy of Hoffman, 1631, sig. C. iii ; Unton CATCH-CORNER. A Well-known child's game.
Inventories, p. 27. Also called a casting-glass, CATCHED. Entangled. Beds.
as in Ben Jonson, ii. 144 ; Privy Purse Ex- CATCHEREL. A catchpole. Pr. Pan?.
pences of Mary, p. 144. CATCHIS. Causeth. Hearne.
CASTLE. A kind of close helmet. CATCH-LAND. Border-land, of which the tithe
CASTLE WARDS. A tax formerly laid on those was disputable, and taken by the first claimant
that dwelt within a certain distance of a castle, •who could catch it. Norf. This custom is
for the support of the garrison. See Lam- nowr of course obsolete.
barde's Perambulation, 1596, p. 155. CATCH-ROGUE. A constable, or bailiff. East.
CASTLING. A calf born before its proper time. CATCH-WATER. A reservoir of water in a
See Hollyband, in v. Avorton ; Men-Miracles, newly-erected common. Somerset.
1656, p, 6. CATCHY. Disposed to take an undue advan-
CASTOCK. The heart of a cabbage. North. tage. It occurs in the sense of showery in the
CASTON. A capstan. Florio. Times, August 24th, 1843.
CASTOR. A beaver. (^.-JV.) There was a CATEL. Goods; property ; possessions ; trea-
herb called " the balloc of the castor" MS. sure, or money. (A.-N.) See Piers Plough-
Sloane 5, f. 3. Cf. Brit. Bibl, iv. 26. man, p.70 ; Ellis's Met. Rom. ii. 207 ; Octo-
CASTREL. A kind of hawk, not very courage- vian, 803 ; \YicklinVs New Test, p. 67.
ous, and therefore seldom used for sporting CATER. (1) A caterer. See Brit. Bibl. i. 407 ;
purposes. See the Feest, ix (?) ; Gent Rec. ii. Florio, ed. 1611, p. 155.
32 ; Brit. Bibl. ii. 118. (2) To cut diagonally. Var. dial.
CASUALTY. The flesh of an animal that dies* CATER-COUSINS. Good friends. Var. dial
by chance. East. CATERPILLAR. A cockchafer. Somerset.
CAT. (1) A mess of coarse meal, clay, &c. placed CATERRAMEL. To hollow out. Warw.
in dove-cotes, to allure strangers. East. CATERY. The place in a large house or palace
(2) A ferret. Suffolk. where provisions were kept or distributed.
(3) The trap at the game of Trap and Ball was See the Ordinances and Regulations, pp. 68, 97.
formerly called a cat, and the game itself also CAT-GALLOWS. A child's game, consisting
went under this name, or, according to Howell, of jumping over a stick placed at right angles
Cat and Trap. See Florio, in v. Lippa, Tr£p- to two others fixed in the ground.
pola; Cotgrave,iu v. Martinet, Qttitte; but the CATHAMMED. Clumsy ; awkward. South.
game of cat is more properly that played with CATHAWS. Common tews. North.
 CAU 236 CAW

CATHEDBAL. A bully. Line. Maundevile, p. 250. Cawdurn, Reliq. Antiq.

GATHER. A cradle. North. LSI.
CATHERN. A Catherine-wheel West. A merry- CAUDLE. Any slop. Devon. This is pretty
nearly the older use of the word, which was
therning. making cm St. Catherine's day is called ca- generally applied to any sloppy mess in cookery.
CAT-HIP. The hornet-rose. North. See a curious satirical notice of the word in
CAT-IN-PAN. A cat in pan is a turncoat, or this sense in Piers Ploughman, p. 98.
deserter from his party ; to turn cat in pan, to CAUD-PIE. A disappointment or loss. North,
be a turncoat, to desert. CAUFTE. Caught. Amis and Amil 2455.
CAT-LAP. Tea. Var. dial. CAUGLE. To quarrel. North.
CAUK. Limestone. East.
CATLING. The string of a lute or violin, made
of cat-gut. Strings for hats were also called CAUL. (1) A spider's web.
catlings. See the Book of Rates, 1675, p. 79. (2) A swelling. North.
CATMALLISONS. Cupboards near chimneys, CAULD. A dam-head. North.
where dried beef and provisions are kept. CAUMPERSOME. Lively ; playful. Deroysh.
North CAUP. To exchange. North.
CATRIGGED. Linen, when badly creased, is CAURY. Worm-eaten. (A.-N.) Caiiry maury,
5»aid to be catrigged. North. Skelton and Piers Ploughman ? This phrase
CATS. Coverings under which soldiers might in Skelton may perhaps have some connexion
with the Scottish term Mrrywery.
lie, ready to attack. Gifford seems to have CAUSE. Because. Var. dial.
explained the term erroneously in Shirley, CAUSELLE. Cause?
vi. 16.
Of whom the sprynge was not causelle
CATS-CRADLE. A game played by children, Of fortune, ne sodeyue aventure.
with string twisted oa the fingers. Lydgate, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 22.
CATS-FOOT. Ground ivy. North.
CATS- HE AD. A kind of porous stone found in CAUSEY. A causeway. See Lambarde's Per-
ambulation, ed.1596, p. 425 ; Harrison, p. 37.
coalpits, mentioned by Aubrey, Nat. Hist. CAUSH. A sudden declivity. North.
Surrey, iii. 327 ; MS. Nat. Hist. Wilts, p. 54. CAUSIPICK. A lawyer, Minsheu.
Rider mentions an apple of this name. CAUTEL. A cunning trick. (A.-N.) Can-
CATS'-SMERE. A kind of axungia, mentioned felled, divided, Cleaveland's Poems, ed. 1660,
in an early list of plants in MS. Sloane 5, f. 2. p. 182. Nares has cautetted in the sense of
CATSO. A term of abuse or contempt. (Ital) provided. Cautekus, artful, artfully cautious,
CATS-TAIL. (1) The catkin of the hazel or wil- a very common word. Cautelously, Arch. xiv.
low. Var. dial. See the Nomenclator, p. 142, 261.
" the cats? tailes on nut trees." CAUTION. A pledge, or surety. Palsgrave.
(2) The herb horsetail. Var. dial. The money paid at the Cambridge colleges on
(3) A sore place, or fester. See Cotgrave, in v. admission is still called caution money, a se-
Chat. Elyot, in v. Furunculus, calls it a cattes curity for debts that may be contracted.
'Var. dial
heare. CAYE. (1) To tilt up. Salop.
(4) A flogging whip ? (2) To fall in, as earth does when undermined.
Butevere beware of Cristis curse and of cattis-tailes.
MS. D*>.y 41, f. 16. (3)corn.
To rake ; to separate. Soiith. Also, to thrash
CAT-STAIRS. Tape, &c. so twisted, that by its
alternate hollows and projections, it resembles (4) A cabbage. North.
stairs. North. CAVEARE. The spawn of a kind of sturgeon
CATTER. To thrive. North. pickled, salted, and dried. See the Muses
CATTON. To beat; to thump. North. Looking-Glasse, 1643, p. 31 ; Brit. Bibl. ii.
CATWHIN. The dog-rose. North. 541 ; Book of Rates, p. 31.
CAT-WITH-TWO-TAILS. An earwig. North. CAVEL. A part or share. North.
CATWITTED. Silly and conceited. North. CAVENARD. A term of reproach. (A.-N.)
CATWRALLING. Caterwauling. Topsell,p. 105, CAVERSYNE. A hypocrite. (A.-N.)
CATYFDAM, Captivity ; wretchedness. Okkyrre&e and cavttraynes
CATZERIE. Cheating; roguery. (Ital) Also swylk ere as Saresyns.
CAUCH. A nasty mixture, Devon. Sometimes R. de Brunne, MS. Bowes, p. 91.
called a cauch&ry, CAVILATION. Cavilling. (A.-N.) See King
CAUCL A path or road. (A.-N.) Leir, p. 417; Hardyng, f. 174; Simonides,
King Yder and his overcome 2d pt. 1584.
Open a cauci bi a brake. CAVING. Chaff and refuse swept from the
Arthour and J&erlin, p. 287. threshing floor. East.
CAUCIOUR. A surveyor. Cumb. CAVOUS. Hollow ; abounding in caves. See
CAUD. Cold. North.
Thorns' Anecdotes and Trad. p. 115,
CAUDBBEC. A French hat, worn in England CAW. The rot in sheep. Devon. Florio has
about the year 1 700. the term, to bring forth a lamb.
CAUDERNE. A caldron. It is glossed by CAWART). Backward. Robin Hood, i. 84
lebes in MS. Anmd. 249, f. 89. Cawdroun, j ^AWJSABY, An awkward shy boy. Devon.
 2J7 CEN
CEK
CAWDAW. A jackdaw. North. CEL. A seal. Rob. Glouc. p. 77.
CAWDRIFE. A shivering feeling. North. CELADE. A skull-cap for the head. Celate,
CA\VE. To go, or walk. (A.-N.) Florio, in v. BacinCtto.
CA\YF. An eel-box. East. CELATURE. The ornamented under-surface
CAWFTAIL. A dunce. Lane. of a vault. Lydgate.
CAWHAND. The left-hand. North. CELDE. Sold. Pr. Parv.
CAWKEN. To breed, a term generally applied CELDOM. Seldom. Pr. Parv.
to hawks. See Gent. Rec. ii. 62 ; Piers Plough- CELE. (1) Happy ; blessed ; godly. (A.-S.)
man, pp. 223, 241. (2) Happiness ; prosperity ? (A.-S.)
And so he shal, that woot I wele,
CAWKY. Frumpish. Line. For he is al bisett with cele.
CAWL. (1) To frighten or bully. North. Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab,
(2) A swelling from a blow. JorJcsh. (3) A canopy. Rutland Papers, pp. 7, 10.
(3) A coop. Kent.
(4) A kind of silk. (4) Time ; season. Pr. Parv.
(5) To do work awkwardly. North. (5) " I cele a hauke or a pigyon or any other
CAWN. Called. Var. dial. foule or byrde, whan I sowe up their eyes for
CAWNSE. A pavement. Devon. caryage or otherwyse," Palsgrave.
CAWPE. A cup. Brit. Bibl. iv. 18. CELED. Decorated, sculptured, or painted.
CAWTE. Cautious. Ritson. Also, wainscoted. Wainscot is still called
CAXON. A worn-out wig. Somerset. ceiling in Yorkshire. Craven Glossary, i. 65.
CATERS. Comers. MS. Morte Arthure, f. 58. CELEE. Strange ; wonderful. Gower.
CAYRE. Togo. CELERER. The officer in a monastery who
Of alle the welthe and the wanes thou hade in kepynge, had the care of the provisions. (Lat.)
To cayre with that cumly thou keste the fulle clene. CELESTINE. A kind of plunket or coloured
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 231. cloth, usually having broad lists.
CAYTEFETE. Wretchedness. (A.-N.) CELESTIVE. Celestial.
And my modir consayved me CELLAR. A canopy. " Cellar for a bedde,
In mekille synne and caytefett.
MS. Lincoln A. i. I/, f. 276. del de lit" Palsgrave. " A celler to hange
CATYA&, A kind of ship, mentioned in Kyng
in the chamber," Ordinances and Regulations,
Alisaunder, 6062. CELLE.
p. 127. A religious house. (Lat)
CAZAMI. An old astrological terra, denoting CELLEN. Cells. Rob. Glouc. p. 233.
the centre or middle of the sun. Gent. Rec.
i. 100. CELSITUDE. Highness. (J.-N)
CELWYLLY. Unruly. Pr. Parv.
CA3TE. Caught. Rob. Glouc. CEME. A quarter of corn. Pr. Parv
CE. Plare. [Sea?] CEMELY. Seemly. Pr. Parv.
Some tuggo, sum drawe fro ce to ce ;
A 1 Lorde Jhesu, how may thys be ?
MS. Hurl. 1701, f. 87.
CEMELYNE.
GEMMED. To'compare.
Folded ; twisted. Pr. Parv.
CEMY. Subtle. Pr. Parv.
CEAGE. A key. Verstegan. CEMYS. Seems ; appears.
CEASE. To die. Shak.
CEATE. A membrane. Topsell CEN. To ken, or know. Ritson.
CEC. Sick. Pr. Parv. CENCLEFFE. The daffodil.
CECHELLE. A satcheL Pr. Parv. CENDAL. A species of rich thin silken stuff,
CECILE. St. Cecilia. (A.-N.) very highly esteemed. See Strutt, iL 3 ; Gy
CECYNE. To cease. Pr. Parv. of Warwike, p. 421 ; Ellis's Met. Rom. ii. 15.
CEDULE. A scroll or schedule. See Test. " Cendell, thynne lynnen, sendal" Palsgrave.
Her gomfainoun was of cendul Ynde,
Vetust. p. 495 j Arch. xi. 436. Of gold ther were on thre coronne.
CEE. The sea. See Kyng Alisaunder, 5158 ; Arthour and Merlin, p. 209.
Prompt. Parv. p. 64. Ce-king, a sea-king, GENE. (1) A supper. (Lat.)
Holinshed, Hist. Engl. p. 84. Certys, seyd Petyr, thys nyjt at the cene,
CEELDAM. Seldom. Pr. Parv. He seyd, eftsones we shuldyn hym sene.
CEGE. A seat, or bench. Pr. Parv. Also a MS. Karl. 1701, f.91.
jakes, or siege. (2) A kind of sauce. See the Ordinances and
CEGGE. The water flower de-luce. Translated Regulations, p. 452.
by accorus in Prompt. Parv. p. 64. See Ge- (3) An assembly. Palsgrave.
rard, p.46. It is also written for sedge or CENGYLLE. Singular. Pr. Parv.
carex in the former work. CENS. Incense. Palsgrave. Cf. Chester Plays,
CEISE. To seize. (A.-N.) i. 282 ; Ordinances and Regulations, p. 120.
CEK. A sack. Prompt. Parv. Censing, sprinkling
CEKYNE. (1) To fall sick. Prompt. Parv. cient Rites, 1672, p.with
23. incense, Davies' An-
(2) To seek, or search. Ibid. CENSER. An incense pot. (4.-N.) In Shake,
CEKYR. Securely. speare's time the term was applied to a bottle
Than dar I sey cekyr, and be myn hoode. perforated at top, used for sprinkling perfumes.
Here trewe service to jowe than wyl they prove. CENSURE. Judgment ; opinion. Also a verb,
MS. Cantab. Ff, i. 6, f. 153. to give an opinion, to judge.
 CER 238 OHA
CENT. A game at cards, so called because 100 was an evydent tokon of hir martirdome,"
was the game. It is supposed to have resem- Langtoffc, p. cxcviii.
bled picquet. There was also a game called CERVELLE. The brain. (A.-N.)
cent-foot, but it does not appear to be the CESOUN. Season. (A.-N.)
same with, this. CESS. (1) To spill water about ; also, to call dogs
to eat. South.
CENTENER. A captain or officer commanding
a iiundred men. See the Ordinances and Regu- (2) Measure ; estimation. " Out of all cess,"
lations, p.5. excessively, immoderately. " Sans cesse, ex-
CENTO. A patch vrork. cessively, immoderately, out of all cesse and
CENTRE. To strike the centre, to take away crie," Cotgrave. " Overthroweth the Puritans
the frame of wood which they use in making out of all cesse," Mar-Prelate's Epitome, p, 49.
and supporting an arch of brick or stone, after Shak. Herrick, i. 44, appears to have the word
the said arch is completed. Kennett, MS. for assessment, as in Holinshed, Chron. Ireland,
Lansd. 1033. p. 145. Cesser,tm assessor, Hollyband's Dic-
CENTRY-GARTH. The cemetery, or burial place tionarie, 1593.
of a monastery. See the Ancient Rites of (3 A layer or stratum. East. It is often pro-
nounced sase.
Durham,A sign.
CENT. pp. 2", 49,
Pr. 136.
Parv. CESSATION. Ceasing. (Lat.)
CEOUT. To bark. Salop. CESSE. (1) To cease. (A.-N.)
CEP. To catch a ball. North. (2) To give seizin or possession. See Syr
CEPE. A hedge. Degore, 538.
CEPHENS. Hale, or young drones. CESS-POOL. A pool for filth.
CERADENE. A fresh-water muscle. North. An CEST. Ceased. (A.-N.)
CESTON. A studded girdle. (A.-N.)
•unusually large species of this muscle isfounc CETE. A company of badgers,
in the lake at Canons Ashby, the beautiful seat
of Sir Henry Dryden, Bart. CETECEYN. A citizen.
CERCLE. To surround. (A.-N.) CETOYLE. A harp ?
CEREJOWRE. A searcher. Pr. Pan. To cetoyle and to sawtree,
And gytternynge fulle gaye.
CEREMONIES. Prodigies. Shak. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 130.
CERES-AND-VIRGINUM. A rule in old arith- CETTE. Set; placed. Pr.Parv.
metic for the solution of simple problems thai CETYWALL. The herb valerian ; also moun-
would now be worked by algebra. See Ley-
tain spikenard. Percy's Reliques, p. 79. It
bourn's Arithmetical Rec. 1699, p. 139. is translated by cetinaleusm MS. Sloane 5, f. 4.
CERGE. A wax taper. (A.-N.} See Havelok CEYLE. A sail. Pr. Parv.
594 ; Chron. Vilodun. p. 36. CHABBE. Have. Rot. Glouc.
CERGYN. To search. Pr.Parv. CHACE. (1) To chase, or pursue. (A.-N.)
CERKE, A shirt. (2) The groove in a crossbow in which the arrow
Than sche spak, that burde brijt, is placed.
That al naked was saf hir cerke. CHACEABLE. Fit to be hunted. Tooke, p.
MS. Ashmole 33, f. 32, 660, considers Gower the inventor of this
CERKELYTT. Encircled. word ; but in the Maystre of the Game, MS.
CERN. To concern. ShaL
Bodl. 546, stags after the sixth year are said
CERNOY1E. Honeysuckle. to be chasable.
CERSE. To cease. North.
CHACECHIENS. The same as berners, q. v.
CERSTYN. Christian. Robin Hood, i. 89. And the gromes that hattcn chacechiens brynge
CERT. Certes; certainly. See Sevya Sages, with hem the hertehound. MS. Bodl. 546,
2575 ; Arthour and Merlin, p. 130. CHACKLE. To chatter. Somerset.
CERTACION. Assurance. CHACKSTONE. A small flint. North.
Hegaf me many a good certacion, CHAD. I had. West.
With right and holsom predicacion, CHADEN. The inwards of a calf. Dorset.
MS. Rawl. C. 86.
CHADFARTHING. A farthing formerly paid
CERTAIN. Certainly. Chaucer. among the Easter dues, for the purpose of hal-
CERTED. Certain; firm. Huloef. lowing the font for christenings.
CERTE NLYCH. Certainly ; positively. CHADIST. Sheddest.
As thou chadist thi blood on rod tre
CERTES. Certainly. (^.-AT.)
CERT-MONEY. Head money or common fine, Fore my redemption. Audelery'g Poems, p. 64*
paid yearly by the residents of several manors CHADS. Dry husky fragments found amongst
to the lords thereof. Blount. food. East.
CERTYL. A kirtle. See Ritson's Ancient CHAFE. To grow warm or angry. (A.-N.}
Songs, p. 51 j Songs and Carols, x. Hence chaff, to tease or worry.
CERUSE. Ceruse or white-lead, used by ladies CHAFER. (1) A beetle, or May-bug. South.
for painting their faces and bosoms. See (2) A saucepan. See llnton Invent, p. 1 j Ordi-
Reliq. Antiq. i. 108 ; Ben Jonson, i. 131 ; nances and Regulations, p. 126. Chaufere
Amends for Ladies, p, 44 ; Stnitt, ii. 133, 134. Chron. Vilodun. p. 54.
CERVE. A circlet. " That ylke white cerve CHAFER-HOUSE. An ale-house. North.
 239 CI1A
CHAFERY. A furnace. Derlysh. chamberys, Reliq. Antiq. i. 26 ; chanibrere,
CHAFF-BONE. The jaw-bone. Y&rteh. Maundevile, p. 102.
CHAFFERE. To deal, exchange, or barter. (2) A wanton person ; an intriguer.
(A.-S.) Also a substantive, merchandise. CHAMBER-FELLOW. A chum ; one who in-
Emcre vel vtmdere, Anglice to chaffaryn, MS. habits the same chambers with another. See
Bibl. Reg. 12 B.i.f. 19. Florio, in v. Camera io.
If thou art a mrirgchaunt, disceyve not thi brother CHAMBERING. Wantonness; intriguing.
in chajfuryng. Wtmbetton's Sermon, 1388, 3IS". Hatton CHAMBER-LIE. Urine. Shak.
57, p. 4. CHAMBERLIN. An attendant in an inn, equi-
CHAFF- FA LLEN. Low-spirited. North. valent to the present head-waiter or upper-
CIIAFFLE. To haggle. North. chambermaid, or both offices united ; some-
CHAFF-NETS. Nets employed for catching times male, sometimes female. Nares. See
birds of small si?.e, Middleton, iii. 383.
CHAFFO. To chew. Lane. CHAMBERS. Small cannon, without carriages,
CJJAFLET. A small scaffold or platform. (A.-N.) chiefly used on festive occasions. See Mid-
See the Brit. Bibl. i. 59. dleton, v.190; Peele, ii. 124; Ben Jonson,
CHAFTE-BAN. A jaw-bone. North. viii. 422 ; First Sketches of Henry VI. p. 217.
Witli the chcfte-lan of aded has, CHAMBERYNGS. Furniture of a bed or bed-
Men s>aL that thenvit slan he was,
MS. Cott. Vtspas. A. iii. f. 7. room. See Test. Yetust. p. 372.
CI1AFTY. Talkative. Yorksh. CH AMBLE. To chew. Var. dial
(I11AMBLEY. A chimney. Devon,
CHA1ERE. A chair, or pulpit. (A.-N.) CHAMBLINGS. Husks of corn. East.
CHAIN. A weaver's warp. Somerset. CHAMBRE-FORENE. A Jakes. Rob. Glouc.
CHAISEL. An upper garment. (A.-N.) See CHAMER. A chamber. Somerset.
the Sevyn Sages, 1814. There was a kind of CHAMFER. The plain slope made by paring
fine linen called chaisil, of which smocks were
often made, alluded to in Kyng Alisaunder, off the edge of a stone or piece of timber.
Also, a hollow channel or gutter, such as the
279
Leg. ; Cathol.
Strutt, ii.
p. 257
152. ; Wrarton," Introd. p. 163 ; fluting of a column. See Willis, p. 8. In this
CHA1TY. Careful ; delicate. Somerset. latter sense Spenser speaks of " winter with
CHAKYL. A shackle, a moveable hoop made chamfred\XQ\\$" i. e. furrowed or channelled.
of iron, and fixed to the extremity of the So also Florio, " Accanelldre, to chamfure, to
plough-beam by a loose bolt and screw. enchanell, to make gutter-wise;" and Brit.
CHALANDE. A chanter. Bibl, ii. 117, " my chamfred lips." Minsheu
And bycause reason wyll that suche a person has, " to chamfer, or to make channels, gut-
sliulde be honorably interteyned lest that sfayemyght ters, crevises, or hollow strakes, in pillars or
be made for the greate charges of the same, I thinke such like." Cotgrave spells it chamfret in the
it rather expedyent to forberea greate nomber of our first sense, in v. Eraser, Embrasure. tl Stria,
monnkes and chalandes, namely as thay nowe use a rebbat or small furrow made in stone or
themselfes, then so necessary a thing for the comyn
weal the shulde be lakked and sett asyde.
tymber, chamferyng : stria, seemeth to bee the
State Papers, ii. 484.
boltell or thinge that riseth up betwene the
two chanels, and strix the chanell itselfe, or
CHALANGE. To challenge. (A.-N.) Also chamferynge," Elyot.
sometimes, to accuse. CHAMFRON. Armour for a horse's toose and
CHALDER. (1) To crumble. East. cheeks. See Excerpt. Hist. p. 209.
(2) A caldron. North. CHAMLET. Camelot. See TJnton Invent, p.
CHALDRON. A kind of sauce. It is spelt
chawduen in Reliq. Antiq. i. 88. 33 ; Test. Vetust. p. 434 ; Gascoigne's Delicate
Diet, p. 12 ; Withals, ed. 1608, p. 139.
CHALEN. ChiU; cold. Weber. CHAMMER. A kind of gown, worn by persons
CHALK. To mark with chalk. Far. dial of rank, and generally richly ornamented. It
CHALK-WHITE. Quite white. Var. dial. appears to have been in fashion in Henry
" Chalk-whyjth as the mylk," Sir Degrevant, YIII.'s time. See Strutt, ii. 248; Planche,
1490.
CHALL. The jaw. Lelc. CHAMP.
CHALLENGE. When hounds or beagles first p. 238. (1) Hard ; firm. Sussex.
(2) To bite, or chew. Suffolk. See the Down-
find the scent and cry, they are said to chal- fall of Robert Earl of Huntingdon, p. 78 ; Sir
lenge.
CHALM. To chew, or nibble. East. More John Oldcastle, p. 20 ; Lilly's Mydas.
usually spelt cham. (3) A scuffle. Exmoor.
CHALON. A coverlet. Chaucer. (4) To tread heavily. Warw.
CHAM. (1) I am. West. CHAMPAINE. Plain; flat; open. See Ray's
(2) Awry. North. Diet. Tril. p. 4 ; Lambarde's Perambulation,
ed. 1596, p. 10. Also a substantive, a plain,
(3) To chew or champ. Palsgrave. fiat or open country.
CHAMBERDEKINS. Irish beggars. Blount. Pra thethine thay went fourty dayes, and come
CHAMBERER. (1) A chamber-maid. (A-NJ intille a cftamp&yne cuntree that was alle barayne,
See Ywaine and Gawin, 883 ; Chaucer, Cant. and na bye place, ne na hilles mighte be sene on n»
T. 5882; Ordinances aud Regulations, p. 127 ; syde. MS. Lincoln A. 1, 17, f. SI
 CHA 240 CHA
CHAMPARTIE. A share of land ; a partner- (A.-N.) Roquefort gives the word explained,
ship in power. (A.-N.) See Chaucer, Cant. douleur, affliction.
T. 1951 ; Lydgate's Minor Poems, p. 131. CHANTER. (1) To mutter. Line.
Wisely advertynge sche waste febille of myjt, (2) Part of a bagpipe. North.
la this mater to holde rfiampcrtyg CHANTERIE. An endowment for the payment
With hire that was of face most benigne.
of a priest, to sing mass agreeably to the ap-
Lydgate, MS. Soc. Antiq,. 134, f. 14. pointment ofthe founder. (A.-N.) Chan-
He sette the herte in champertye,
With wischynge and with fantasyc. tryse, Tundale, p. 66 ; chaunterie, Ord. and
Cotcer, JWS. Ibid. f. 92. Reg. p. 248.
CHAMPE. The field or ground in which any CHANTREL. A decoy partridge. Howell
carving or bosses are placed. CHAP. (1) A familiar term for a companion.
The cote ys ryche and well f yne, An abbreviation of chapman.
The champe ys now of redd satyne. (2) A purchaser. Fairs in some part of the coun-
MS. Cantab, Ff. ii. 38, f. 42. try are called chap-fairs. An awkward chap,
And other of sendale, equivalent to the phrase an ugly customer.
Champed with cristalle. (3) A chink. Baret.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f- 136. (4) A knock. Percy.
CHAMPERS. Hounds. Middleton. CHAP-BOOK. A little book printed for the
CHAMPEYNE. A kind of fine cloth, mentioned purpose of being sold to hawkers.
in MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 141. CHAPCHURCH. A parish clerk. North.
CHAMPION. Same as Champaine, q. v. See
CHAPE. (1) The extremity of a fox's tail. North.
Middleton, ii. 73 ; Two" Angrie Women of (2)the Thetop. hook of a scabbard ; the metal part at
Abington, p. 19 ; Tusser, ii, 7 ; Holinshed,
Hist. Engl. p. 29.
CHANCE. The game of hazard. CHAPEL. A printing-house. See Holme's
Academy of Armory, 1688 ; Life of Dr, Frank-
CHANCE-BAIRN A bastard. North. Also lin, ed. 1819, p. 56.
called a chance-child3 or chanceling. CHAPELLE. A chaplain. (Lot.)
CHANCE-BONE. The huckle-bone. East. His chapelle mette hym at the dore there,
CHANDELEUSE. Candlemas-day. (Fr.) And wente bifore hym alle in fere.
CHANDRY. A place where candles were kept. Archasologia., xxii. 383.
See Harrison's Descr. of England, p. 197 ; CHAPERON. A French hood. See Harrison's
Ordinances and Regulations, pp. 4, 20*, 47, Descr. of England, p. 159 ; Fairholt's Pageants,
63, 82 ; Rutland Papers, p. 40. i. 5 ; Strutt, ii. 185.
CHANE. Fell. (A+.N.) CHAPETREL. The capital of a column.
CHANELLE. A gutter. Prompt. Parv. For he fande therm xl. pelers of massy golde, il-
CHANFROUS. Very fierce. North. kane of a grete thiknesse, and a grete lenthe, with
CHANGE. (1) A shift. Var. dial thaire chapytralles. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 25.
(2) To transpose. Palsgrave. CHAPIN. Achopine. (Span.) " Chapins, or
CHANGEABLE. Variegated, a term applied high patins richly silvered or gilt," Howell.
to silks and cloths.
CHAPITLE. A chapter. (A.-N.) " To cha.
CHANGE-FACE. To blush.
pitle Y weretrowe i-drawe,"
for sothe heRob. slept Gloue.
ful lytyl,p. 473.
Why, to change face
They say in modest maides are signes of grace. Whan he herde that grete chapytyl.
MS.Harl. 1701, f. 52.
Heywood'a Royall King, 1(537, sig. C. iv.
CHANGELING. A child left or changed by the CHAPMAN. A merchant, or buyer. (4.-S.)
fairies for the parents* own child. It was CHAP-MONEY. That which is abated or given
either deformed, mischievous, or idiotic, and again by the seller on receiving money.
hence the term came to be generally applied
CHAPPELLET. A small chapel. See Harrison's
to a child having those qualities. See Cot- Descr. of England, p. 144.
grave, hi v. Cmtrefaict. CHAPPING. Ground full of chinks and ere-
CHANGERWIFE. An itinerant female huck- vices, arising from drought.
ster. North. CHAPPYD. Chopt. Weber.
CHANGINGLY. Alternately. North. CHAPS. Wrinkles. Craven.
CH ANKE. A dish in cookery, described in the CHAPYDE. Escaped.
Forme of Cury, p. 97. Thare chapyde never no childe, cheftayne ne other.
CHANKER. A chink. Dorset. Morte Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f. 97.
CHANKS. The under part of a pig's head. South. CHAR. (1) A species of trout, caught in Win-
CHANNEL-BONE. See Cannel-bone. Channel, dermere lake.
the windpipe, Marlowe, i. 106. (2) To char a laughter, to raise a mock laugh.
CHANNER. To scold. North. North.
CHANNEST. To exchange. Exmoor* It is
also explained, to challenge. (3) Ajar. North.
(4) A work or business. That char is charredt
CHANTEMENT. Enchantment. Hob. Glouc. that work is done. North. See Stevens' Old
CHANTEPLEURE. A sort of proverbial ex- Plays, ii. 64; Middleton, iii. 237, iv. 382;
pression for singing and weeping successively. Peele's Works, i. 127 ; Sir Thomas More, p.
 CIIA 241 CHA

37 ; Bokc of Curtasye, p. 4 ; Chester Plays, ii, CHARLOCK. The mustard plant. Wrtt.
CHARM. (1) A hum, or low murmuring noiss.
87 ; Towneley Myst. p. 106. Also, to' hew West. " A charm of birds," Peele's Works,
stones. Char- woman, work.
day for miscellaneous a woman hired "by the i. 12, an expression also used by Milton. It
And drowje his swerde prively, may be doubted whether the word here does
That the childe were not war
Ar he had done that char.
not mean a company of birds. A charm of
goldfinches is a flock of those birds. See
Cursor Zfvndi, MS. Coll. Ti-in. Cantab, f. 20.
CHARACTERY. Writing; expression. SAa*. Strutt's Sports, p. 38. " I cherme as byrdes
do whan they make a noyse a great nomber
CHARBOKULL. A carbuncle. (A.~N.)
CHARCHE. Charge. Audelay, p. 43. togyther," Palsgrave.
CHARD. A chart. Harrison, p. 33. (2) To silence.
CHARE. (1) To stop, or turn back. North. To CHARMED-MILK. Sour milk. North. "Lac
serosum, agitatum, butter milke, charm e
hinder, or withstand, Pr. Parv.
milke," Nomenclator, p. 94.
(2) A narrow street. Newc. CHARMER. A magician. (A.-N.)
(3) To counterfeit. North.
(4) To separate the chaff from the corn. South. CHARMERESSE. An enchantress. (A.-N.)
CHARMING. Very well. Var. dial
(5) A chariot. (A.-N.) See Sir Tryamoure, 913 ; CHARN-CURDLE. A churn-staff. North.
Apol. Loll. p. 44. CHARNELL. The crest of a helmet. See
Nay, sir, but je mot to him fare,
He hath sent af tir the his chare „• Meyrick, ii. 252 ; Harrison's Descr. of Eng-
"We shul jou make therynne a bed, land, p.160 ; charneld, Brit. Bibl. i. 146.
Into Eglpte je shul be led. CHARNICO. A kind of sweet wine, made near
Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Tiin. Cantab, f. 33. Lisbon.
(6) A wall-flower, Cant. Well, happy is the man doth rightly know
The vertue of three cups of charnico,
(7) To chase, or drive away. " Chare awey the Rowlands Humor Qrdinarie, n. d.
crowe," Cov. Myst. p. 325, CHARRE. To return. W. Mapes, p. 348.
CHARELY. Careful ; chary, q. v.
CHARE-THUESDAY. Maundy Thursday. CHARRED-DRINK. Drink turned sour by
CHARETS. Chariots. See Holinshed, Hist. being put into the barrel before it is cold. Kent.
England, pp. 24, 28. Charret, Patterne of CHARREY. (1) Carts. (A.-N.)
Painfull Adventures, p. 192. (2) Dear ; precious. North.
CHARGE. A load, burthen ; business, or mat- CHARTEL. A challenge.
CHARTERER. A freeholder. Cfiesh.
ter. (A.-N.} As a verb, to weigh, or incline
on account of weight. " Chylder wordys ar CHARTER-MASTER. A man who, having un-
not to charge," are not to be much weighed dertaken toget coals or iron-stone at a certain
or considered, Towneley Myst. p. 160. It often price, employs men under him.
CHARTER-PARTY. A bill of lading.
has the meaning, to weigh in one's mind. CHARTHOUS. Carthusians. (A.-N.)
CHARGEANT. Burthensome. (A.-N.) CHARWORT. Se&Brackwart.
CHARGED. Ornamented ; bordered.
CHARGEOUS. Troublesome. (A.-N.) CHARY. Careful ; sparing ; cautious, ; scrupu-
CHARGER. A large platter or dish. Chargeon, lous. Var. dial.
Test. Vetust. p. 175. CHARYAWNT. Burdensome. Prompt. Parv.
CHARINESS. Caution ; scrupulousness. Shale. CHARYOWRE. A charger, or large dish. Pr.
CHARITOUS. Charitable. (A.-N.)
Parv.
He was ajenwarde charitmts, CHASE. (1) A point at the game of tennis, be-
Ant to pite he was pitous.
yond that struck by the adversary. See Urry's
Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 83. Chaucer, p. 542. According to Douce, the
CHARK. (1) A crack. North. spot where a ball falls. " A chace on the wall,
(2) Small beer. YorJesh. faire une chasse
(3) To creak. North. See Kennett, MS. Lansd. sect, xxviii. which auwaspiedmarked
du mur" Howell,
on the wall.
1033 ; Prompt. Parv. p. 70. To chase, according to Holme, to miss the
(4) To chop, or crack. Craven. second striking of the ball back. See Skelton,
(5) To expose new ale to the air in an open ii. 488 ; Jonson's Conversations, p. 30 ;
vessel until it acquires a degree of acidity, Malone's Shakespeare, svii. 286 ; Florio, ed,
and therewith becomes clearer and sourer, fit 1611, p. 73. It would seem from Prompt.
for drinking. Line. Parv. p. 68, a chace was a spot marked in any
(6) To make charcoal. West. game, obiculum, a diminutive of obex*
Ther is no fyre, ther is no sparke, At tennis for a chase and away, Ime your man, my
' Ther is no dore whicbe may chwke, hand and hart upon it.
Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 122. The Tell Tale, Dultoich CoVeg* X&>
CHARLES'S-WAIN. The constellation tlrsa (2) To pretend a laugh. North.
Major. Far. dial. (3^ To enchase. Cm. Myst.
CHARLET. A dish in cookery. See the Forme
of Cury, p. 27 ; Warner, p. 88 ; Ord* and Reg. (4) A wood, orA forest*
CHASOUJt hunter. (A.-N.)
pp. 450, 463 ; Feest, viii. ; MS. Sloane 1201, CHASSE. The common poppy.
f.23. CHASfE. (1) Chastity. (A.-N.)
16
 CHA 242 CHE
CIIAUFRAIN. The head-piece of a barbed
(2) To cliastUe, or correct. (J.-.V.) S-c Const. horse. Palsgrave.
Freemason, p. 27*, Octo\ .an, 210 \ SirTrisstrem,
CHAULE. A jaw. West. " To chaule," to jaw
p, 268; MS. Douce 52; Ritson's Anc. Pop.
Poet. pp. 36, 51. or scold,
I shookWright's Pol. Songs,
horn Tai theberdes so, p. 240.
(3) Trained, broken in, a term applied to dogs That her chavles i-wraste ia two.
and hounds. Cttrsor Mitndi, MS. ColL Tnn. Cantab, f. 4/.
CHASTEDE. Chastity. (^.-AT.) CHAUM. A chasm or cleft Warw.
CHASTEliAlN. The lord of a castle. (A.-N.) CHAUMPE-BATAILE. Battle in the open
Chastlayne, Le Bone Florence of Rome, 198C ; field. Kyng Alisaunder, 5553.
chattelaim, Cotgrave, in v. Dignitt.
CHAUNCELRIB. Chancery. (A.-N,}
CH ASTEY. The chesnut. Sse a list of plants
in MS. Sloarie 5, f. 4. CHAUNCELY. Accidentally. (A.-N.)
CHAUNCEMELB. A shoe. Translated in Pr.
CHAST1E. To chastise. (Z-A') Chasty,Wright's Parv. p. 71, by subfelariS) a word formed from
Seven Sages, p. 57.
talus.
CHASTILET. A little castle. (A.-N.) A pasty CHAUNCEPE. A shoeing horn. Pr. Parv.
made in that shape was also so called. See the CHAUNDLER. A candlestick. A Sheffield
Forme of Cury, p. 85.
CHASTISE. To accuse. word, given in Ray, ed. 1674,
Also, to question CHAUNE. To gape, or open. (Fr.) p. 10.
closely, particularly as to some mischief done. CHAUNTEMENT. Enchantment. See Lybeaus
West. Disconns, 1901 ; Rob. Glouc. p. 28.
CHASTY. To chasten. (A.-N.)
CHAUNTRE. A singer. (A.-N.)
CHASYNG-SPERE. A hunting-spear.
Dysposed be kynde to bee 5 chauntre.
With a chaayng spere he choppes doune many. MS. Cantab. Ft. i. 6, f. 140.
Morte Arthur*, MS. Lincoln, f. 72.
CHAVE. (1) I have. West. See Peele's Works.
CHAT. (1) A small twig, or fragment of any- i. 8 j Brit. Bibl. I 108.
thing. West.
(2) A tell-tale. Devon. Ajeyn the Sum to fynde the chave,
(3) A cat, or kitten. West. (2) Chaff.
Corn there shul we fynde to have.
The firy chat he slouj withoute more, Cursor Jtfitndi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cuntub. f. 30.
And of A.rchadie the cruel tusshy bore. CHAYEL. A jaw. Sir Tristrem. Chavyl,
M& Digby 230. Ywaine and Gawin, 1991 ; chavyl-bon, Cov.
(4) A child. Devon. Myst. p. 37. To chew. Yorfoh.
CHATE. (1) A feast ; a treat. Essev. CHAVEPYS. See Chawdpys.
(2) A kind of waistcoat. CHAYISH. (1) A chattering, prattling, or mur-
CHATES. The gallows. Harman. muring noise. South.
CHATEUS. Chattels. (^.-A*.) Mwcbafetcs. (2) Peevish ; fretful. Kent.
See Bob. Glouc. pp. 18, 113. CHAW. To be sulky. South.
CHAT-K»TATOES. Small potatoes. Lane. CHAW-BONE. The jaw-bone. Palsgrave.
CHATRE. To chatter. (A.-N.)
CHATS. Catkins of trees. Want. "Chattesof CHAWCERS.
CHAW33EWYN. Shoes.
A dish(^.-AT.)
in ancient cookery, a
hasclJe," Maundevile, p. 168.
CHATSOME. Talkative. Kent. receipt
f, 63. for which is given in MS. Sloane 12*01,
CHATTER. To tear; to make ragged; to CHAWBPYS. The strangury. (^.-Ar.) A re-
bruise. North. ceipt for it is given in MS. Line. Med. f. 298.
CHATTER-BASKET. A prattling child. Chat- CHAWE. To chew. Palsgrave.
ter-box, an incessant talker. CHAWELLED. Chewed. Line.
CHATTERNOUL. A lubber. North. CHAWFON. A chafing-dish. (^.-,V.)
CHATTER-PIE. A magpie. Far. dial. CHAWMERE. A chamber. (A.-N.}
CHATTER.WATER. Tea. Far. dial. CHAYERE. A chair. (A.-N.}
CHATTERY. Stony, or pebbly. Craven. CHAYME. A chain. Percy.
CHATTOCKS. Refuse wood left in making CHAYS. Chase. Percy, p. 2.
faggots. Glouc. CHE. She. In the West country dialect, I.
CHAUCER'S-JESTS. Incontinence in act or See Greene's Works, i. 96.
language ; probably from the licentious turn of CUE ABLE-DOCK. The Senedo Jaeob&a.
CHEANCE. Turn j fall ; chance.
some of that poet's tales. Narez.
CHAUDRON. Part of the entrails of an ani- CHEAP. Cheapside. The old distinctions of
mal. Chaldrons, Midctieton, Hi. 55. Chaundron,- East and West Cheap were not confined to
Ordinances and Reg. p. 96. Chawtherne, what is now called Cheapside.
CHEAPEN. To ask the price of any thing.
Topsell's Beasts, p. 90.
CHAUFE. To warm ; to heat. (A.-N.) Also, Salop. This explanation is from More's MS.
to heat exceedingly, especially applied to the additions to Ray. " I see you come to cheap,
first stages of corruption. and not to buy," Heywood's Edward IV. p. 66.
Jhesu, thi lufeme ehaujto wifhin, " Cheap, to cheapen/7 Kennett, MS. Lansd.
So that najhyuge bot the I sake. 1033. " I cheape, I demaunde the price of a
MS. UncQl* A. i.
thyng that I wolde bye," Palsgrave,
 CHE 243 CHE
CHEAPS. Number. Weber. CHEE RE R. A glass of spirit and warm water
CHEAR. Look ; countenance. Peele.
CHEASIL. Bran. TopselL North.
CHEERING. A merry-making. See Lam«
CHEAT. The second sort of wheaten bread, barde's Perambulation, ed. 1596, p. 354;
ranking next to manchet. There were two "Withals, ed. 1608, p. 84.
kinds of cheat bread, the best or fine cheat, CHEERLY. Pleasant ; well-looking.
mentioned in Ord. and Reg. p. 301, and the CHEERTEE. Regard. Hoccleve.
coarse cheat, ravelled bread, ib. 307. The CHEESE. A bag of pummace from the cider-
second sort was, as Harrison expressly tells us, wring. Var. dial.
" used in the halles of the nobilitie and gen- CHEESE-BRIGS. Two long pieces of wood,
trie onelie," a fact which will readily explain crossed towards the middle by two shorter
a passage in Middleton, iii. 505, where Mr. ones, for the purpose of being placed over a
Dyce has an unnecessary conjecture. " The large pan containing cream, to support the
second is the cheat or wheaton bread, so named skimming bowl after it has been used, so that
bicause the colour therof resembleth the graie it may drip into the liquid below. Line. Also
or yellowish wheat, being cleane and well called a cheese-ladder.
dressed, and out of this is the coursest of the CHEESECAKE-GRASS. Trefoil. North.
bran taken," Harrison, p. 168. See Arch. i. 8 ; CHEESE-FATT. A machine in which the whey
Florio, in v. Boffttto ; Rutland Papers, p. 98 ; is passed from the curd in making cheese.
Boke of Curtasye, p. 21, Chesse-late, a loft or floor to dry cheese on.
CHEATER. An escheator. Shaft. Cheese-rack, a rack to dry cheese on.
CHEATERS. False dice. Dekker. CHEESELOPE. Rennet. North.
CHEATRY. Fraud ; villainy. A'orta. CHEESE-RUNNING.
CHEESES. The seeds Lady's-bedstraw. South.
of the common mallow.
CHECK. (1) To taunt; to reproach. East. See
Percy's Reliques, p. 78. Var. dial.
(2) In hawking, " is when she forsakes her pro- CHEESTE. Strife ; debate. (A-S.)
per game, and flies at crows, pyes, or the like, CHEEVING-BOLT. A linen-pin. Florio.
that crosseth her in her flight." Gent. Rec. CHEFE. (1) To obtain ; to arrive ; to succeed in
ii. 62. The base game itself was also called any
check. Mortebusiness.
Arthure. " Wele had me chefede," MS.
(3)checke
Florio withhas, the" Boccheggidre, (2) A sheaf of arrows.
mouth as someto illplay
horsesor CHEFFERY. A small rent due to the lord of a
district. See Holinshed, Conq. Ireland, p. 11.
(4) doe."
When a hound stops of its own accord, hav- CHEFTANCE. Chiefmen ; chieftains. (^.-AO
ing lost scent, he is said to check. CHEFTS. Chops of meat. North.
(5) Equal ; on the same footing. CHEG. To guaw. Northumo.
CHECKED. Chapped. Suffolk. CHEGE. A frolic. Kent.
CHECKERE. A chess-board. (A.-N.) CHEGGLE. To chew or gnaw. North.
CH ECKERED. A checkered sermon, one filled CHEITIF. A caitiff. Langtoft, p. 177.
with Greek and Latin quotations. CHEK. Fortune ; ill fortune. From the French
CHECKLING. Cackling; scolding. West. echec ?
CHECKROLL. A roll or book containing the CHEKE. (1) Choked. Ritson.
names of the servants in a palace or large (2) Checked, as in the game of chess ; and hence
used metaphorically.
mansion. " To put out of checkroll," to dis-
miss a servant. The checkroll is well noticed (3) A person, or fellow. Line.
in the Ord. and Reg. p. 230. CHEKELATOUN. A kind of rich cloth. (A.-N.)
CHECKSTONE. A game played by children See Chaucer, Cant. T. 13664. Also spelt cicla-
with round small pebbles. It is mention ed in toun, which is more correct. " Ciclatoun ant
the early play of Apollo Shroving, 12mo. Lond. purpel pal," Warton, i. 12.
1627, p. 49. CHEKENYD. Choked; strangled. Pr. Parv.
CHEE. A hen-roost. Kent. CHEKERE. The exchequer. Langtoft, p. 312.
CHEER " In cheef," in capite. The game of chess, Rob. Glouc. p. 192.
CHEEK. To accuse. Line. CHEKKEFULLE. Quite full. Chock-full is
CHEEK-BALLS. The round parts of the cheeks. still in use in various counties.
North. Charottez chtftkefulle charegyde -mtli golde.
Marts Jrtfntre, MS. Lincoln, f. 09.
CHEEKS. Door posts. See the Craven Glos- CHEKLEW. Strangling? MS. Digby 185 reads
sary, i.67 ; Nomenclator, p. 212. chokelew, and MS. Laud. 735 eheiketew*
CKTSEKS-AND-EARS. A fantastic name for a Unto stelthe beware hem of hempen lane.
kvd of head-dress, of temporary fashion. For stelthe is medid with a cheklew bane.
Nares. Occleve, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 2SS.
CHEEK-TOOTH. A grinder. North. CHEKONYS. Chickens.
CHEEN. Sprouted, Devon. CHEKYNE. To choke. Pr.Parv.
.CHEEP. To chirp. North. CHEL. A churl. Pr. Part}.
CHEER. To feast, or welcome one's friends. CHELAUNDRB. A goldfinch. (^.-M). Sea
North. Rom. of the Rose, 81, 663 ; Cocaygne, 95.
 244 CHE
CHE
CHELD. Chilled; cold. (A.-S.) CHERETE. Dearness; affection. (A.-N.)
CHELDEZ. Shields of a boar. CHERICE. To cherish. (A.-N.)
CHELE. Chill ; cold. (A.-S.) See Rob. Glouc. CUERISANCE. Comfort. (A.-N.)
CHERKE. To creak. Pr. Parv.
p. 7;And
Wright's Pol. myselfe
make unto Songs, a p.whippe,
256.
CHERLICH. Richly; sumptuously. (A.-N.)
With whiche, in many a chele and hete, CHERLISH. Illiberal. (A.-S.)
My woful herte is so to bete. CHERLYS-TRYACLE. Garlic. Arch. xxx. 405
Cower, MS. Soc. Antlq. 134, f. 85. CHEROF. Shrove; confessed.
For hungur, colde, thurste, and cheele, CHERRILET. A little cheny. See Du Bartas,
In many a drede chaungeth hys thoghte.
MS. Cawte&.Ff. ii.38, f. 27. quoted in Brit. Bibl. iv. 223, and p. 286.
CHELL. I shall. West. CHERRY. (1) Ruddy. Devon.
CHELP. To chirp. Northampt. (2) To cherish. Park.
CHELTERED. Clotted ; coagulated. North. CHERRY-COBS. Cherry-stones. West.
CHELYNGE. The cod-fish. Pr. faro. CHERRY-CURD-MILK. Beastlings, q.v. Oxon.
CHEM. A team of horses. West. CHERRY-FAIR. Cherry fairs are still held in
CHEMENEY. A chimney. Worcestershire and some other parts of the
CHEMISE. A wall that lines a work of sandy country on Sunday evenings, in the cherry
or loose earth. Bourne. orchards ; and being almost always a resort
CHENCHIP. Ruin. Audelay, p. 27. for lovers, and the gay portion of the lower
CHENE. The chin. (A.-S.) classes, may appropriately retain their signi-
CHENILE. The henbane. (A.-N.) ficant type of the uncertainty and vanity of the
CHENYS. Chains. things of this world. See Audelay's Poems,
Than Alexander garte bryngc many grete tree: p. 22; Lydgate's Minor Poems, p. 231;
for to make a brygge of over that water appone Ritson's Anc. Pop. Poet. p. 90 ; Skelton, i. 2 ;
schippez, and garte tye thame samene with tfi Gower, ed. 1532, f. 133.
of Irene and Irene naylez. Thys worlde hyt ys fulle fekylle and frelo,
Life of Alexander, MS. Limoln, f. 15 Alle day be day hyt wylle enpayre ;
CHEOULIS. Churls ; rustics. (A.-S.) And so sone thys worldys weele,
Hyt faryth but as a chery feyre.
CHEP, (1) The part of a plough on which tti< MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 33, f. 4G.
share is placed.
They prechen us in audience
(2) Chance ; fortune ; success. Pr. Parv. That no man schalle his soule empeyre,
CHEPE. (1) To cheapen; to buy. (A.-S.) Che- For alls is but a cherye-fayi-e.
pede, marketed, sold. Cheper, a seller, Col- Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 33.
lier's Old Ballads, p. 5. This life, roy son, is but a chery fare,
(2) Cheapness. (A.-S.) A bargain, Towneley Worldly ricches have ay in memory.
MS. Bodl. 221.
Myst. p. 102. Therforebe thewerldes wele,
(3) A sheep. It farys as a chery fsyre. MS. Jshmole 61, f. G.
Take a chepes hert, and bryne it to powdre, and
CHERRY-PIT.
gtampe it, and temper it up with oyle, and schave A childish game, consisting
the hede, and anoynte it therwith. of pitching cherry-stones into a small hole.
MS. Med. Line, f. 281.
It was also played with nuts in the same
CHEPING. Market; sale. (A.-S.) Also, a manner.
market place. Citra forum, on that parte of CHERSED. Cherished.
the chepyng, MS. Bibl. Reg. 12 B. i. f. 103, My dyscyple whych y have chersed
Chepyns, Const. Mason, p. 40. Me to betraye hym have they hyred.
MS. Hart. 1701, f. CC.
CHEPOND. Selling. (A.-S.)
There he mony chapmen fond, CHERSID. Christened. (A.-N.)
Dy verse marchaundise chepond. Off alle werkys in this worlde that ever were wrought,
Cursor Mvndi, MS, Cull. Trin. Cantab, f. 91. Holy chirche is chefe, there children been chersid ;
CHEPSTER. A starling. North. For be baptim these burnes to blisse been i-broughts
Thorough the grace of God, and fayre refresshed.
CHEQUER-TREE. The service tree. Sussex. Lelandi Itin. ix. 200.
The fruit is called chequers.
CHERCHE. A church. (A.-S.) CHERTE. Love. (A.-N.} See the example
quoted under Aperte.
CHERCHER. " Xij. cherchers off the myddyUe CHERVEN. To writhe, or turn about. Prompt.
sworte" are mentioned in an early inventory Parv.
in MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 58. CHESBOKE. A poppy.
CHERCOCK. The mistletoe thrush. Yor&sh.
The chyne> the cholet, and the chesboke chene.
CHJERE. (1) Countenance; spirits; behaviour; MS. Cott. Calig. A. ii. f. 1.
entertainment. (A.-N.) CHESE. (1) To choose. (A.-S.)
(2) A chair.
(3) High. So explained by Hearne in gloss, to (2) Saw. "Even til the hegh bord he chese"
Rob. Glouc. p. 166.
Syr Gowghter, 312.
1HESEBOLLE. A poppy.
CHEREL. A churl; carl; serf ; peasant. (A.-S.) Never the lesse that oure wirchippe and oure
" With the cherel sone gan he mete/' Ywaine grete noblaye be sumwhate knawene to the, wesende
and Gawin, 612. More generally spelt cherl. the a male fulle of chesebolle sede in takennyng
Cherld, Ritson's Anc. Songs, p. 37. therof. Luke if thou may nombir and telle alle
 CHI
CHE 245
tfilr chesseUlle sedez, and if thou do thatt, thane CHEVACHIE. An expedition. (A.-N.]
may the folke of oure oste be nowmerd. CHEVALRIE. Knighthood. (A.-N.}
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 9* CHEYALROUS. Valiant. (A.-N.)
CHESFORD. A cheese vat. North. See CHEYE. To compass a thing, succeed, or bring
Cotgrave in v. Cagerotte, Esclisse* to an end; to thrive; to obtain, adopt. (A.-N.}
CHESIBLE. A cope shorter than the principal Still used in the North of England.
cope, not close, but open on either side, so Howsomever that it cheve,
that the priest who wore it had the free use The knyght takis his leve.
of his hands. On the fore and hinder part of SirDegi-evant, Lincoln MS.
it was embroidered a large cross. It was Scripture saith heritage holdyn wrongfully
Schal never cheve, ne with the thred heyr rennayne.
worn at high mass by the priest and deacon.
MS. Soc. Antiq. 101, f.- 98.
See the Test. Yetust. p. 50 ; Piers Ploughman,
p. 117 ; St. Winifred, 78. CHEYELURE. A peruke. (A.-N.}
CHEYEN. A blockhead. North.
CHESLE-MONEY. Roman brass coins found
hi some places in Gloucestershire, and so CHEYENTEYN. A chieftain. (A.-N.} See
called by the country people. Rob. Glouc. p. 24 ; Maundevile, p. 3 ; Ritson's
CHE SLIP. A woodlouse. Var. dial Anc. Songs, p. 19. Cheventene, Sir Degre-
vant, 243.
CHESOUN. Reason; motive. (A.-N.} See
Langtoft, pp. 129, 172; Sir Eglamour, 1261. CHEYERE. To shake or shiver. See Hawkins'
The kynge had no chesozvne* Engl. Dram. i. 19; Digby Myst. p. 21.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 73. "Thair shaftes cheverd," broke to pieces,
Why he hem dyd and for what cheaun, Ywaine and Gawin, 637. " I hafe cheveride
Of alle behoveth hym to jelde a resoun. for chele," MS. Morte Arthure, f. 89.
MS. Harl. 1701, f. 38. CHEYERIL. Kid leather. (Fr.) Hence a
CHESS. (1) To crack. Line. very flexible conscience was constantly called
(2) To pile up. Craven. " Tare ches chambre," a cheveril conscience. " Pr over Male est, he
three chambers one over the other, Towneley hath a conscience like a chevereFs skin, i. e.
Myst. p. 27.
it will stretch," Upton's MS. add. to Junius.
CHESSIL. Gravel, or pebbles. (A.-S.) " Chesill, " A large cheveril conscience," Optick Glasse
a bank of sand," Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033. of Humors, 1639, p. 41.
Cheselys, pebbles on the sea shore, or grains CHEVERON. A kind of lace, the method of
of sand, Cov. Myst. p. 56. A kind of sandy making which is described in MS. Harl. 2320.
and clayey earth is called ckessom. CHEVESAILE. A necklace. (A.-N.}
CHESSNER. A chess-player. Middleton. CHEYICE. To bear up. (A.-N.}
CHEST. (1) A coffin. (Lat.) Chestid, placed in CHEVING. Success; completion. (A.~N.}
a coffin, Arch. v. 234. Cf. Lydgate, MS.
" Evyll chevynge," Cocke Lorelles Bote, p. 2.
Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 8. CHEVISANCE. Treaty; agreement. (A.-N.)
To pray for hym that lyeth nowe in his chest
To God aboven, to yeve his sowle good reste. See Lydgate's Minor Poems, pp. 34, 77, 255 ;
Chaucer, Cant. T. 13259,13277, 13321; Piers
lydgate, MS, Ashmote 39, f. 48.
(2) Chaste. Weber. Ploughman, pp. 92, 426 ; Collier's Hist. Dram.
Poet. ii. 291; Rutland Papers, p. 118;
(3) Chased; pursued. (A.-N.}
CHESTB. Strife; debate. (A.-S.} See Lang- Thynne's Debate, p. 24. It appears some-
times to mean gain or toofy, and is translated
toft, p. 19; Arthour and Merlin, p. 113;
Gower, ed. 1554, f. 49 ; Kyng Alisaunder, 29. by promdencia in Pr. Parv.
To fyjte or to make chette, CHEVISH. To bargain; to provide. (A.-N.}
CHEYORELL. The herb chervil
It thoujte them thanne not honeste.
Gower, MS, Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 32. CHEWEN. To eschew. (4.-N.)
And so wolde I my wordis plye, CHEWER. A narrow passage. West.
That myjten wraththe an cheste avale. CHEWERS. Chares or tasks. Devon.
MS. Ibid. f. 87. CHEWERYES. Cherries. See a receipt in the
CHESTEINE. Thechesnut. (A.-N.) Chestayn Forme of Cury, p. 33.
tree, Syr Gowghter, 71 ; chest ayne, Palsgrave, CHEWET. A small pie. See Forme of Cury,
f. 24; chesteynes, Maundevile, p. 307; Ly- p. 83; Ord. and Reg. pp. 317, 442; Middle-
beaus Disconus, 1191; ckesten, Cooper, in v.
ton, iii. 273 ; Warner's Antiq. Culin. p. 65.
Aesculusj Hollyband's Dictionarie, 1593. CHEWREE-RING. To assist servants. Wilts.-
CHESTER. A person who embalms, or places •CHEYLE. Cold; chill. (A.-S.)
corpses in coffins. Huloet. For many a way y have y-goo,
In hungur, thurste, cheyte, and woo.
CHESTS. Chess. "The playe at chests,91
Nomenclator, p. 293. MS. Cantab. Ff, ii. 38, f. 40.
CHEST-TRAP. A kind of trap used for taking CHEYNES. Chains. Maundevile.
pole-cats, &c. CHEZ. To choose. North.
CHET. A kitten. South. CHIBBALS. Onions. (A.-N.}
CHETE, (1) To cut. (A.-N.} CH1BDER. Children. Derlysh.
(2) To escheat. Pr. Parv. CHIBE. A kind of onion. North.
CHETYLE. A kettle. Prompt. Parv, CHICE. A small portion. Essex.
CHEURE. To work or char. Wilts. CHICHE. Niggardly; sparing. (^.-JV.) Seo
 CHI 246 CHI
Rom. of the Kose, 5588. So chichevache, a CHILDERMAS. Innocents' day. (A.-S.}
CHILD-GERED. Of childish manners. (A.-S.)
lean spare
facedr Cravencow.Gloss. Chiche-faced, lean "baby CHILDING. Bringing forth a child. Childing-
CHICHELINGS. Vetches. North. woman, a breeding woman. Hence childing,
CHICK. To germinate. Also, to crack ; a crack productive, in Shakespeare.
or flaw. East. In hire cHldynge to fele no penaunce,
Sithe sche was bothe mayde, modir and wyf.
CHICKABIDDY. A young chicken. Far. diai Lydgate, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 9.
CHICKELL. The wheat-ear. Devon. Whiche the goddesse otchtfdynge is,
CHICKENCHOW. A swing. North. And clepid was by name Isis.
CHICKEN-PEEPER. A chicken just peeping Gouier, MS. Ibid. f. 43.
from the shell. See Lilly's Endimion, ed CHILDLY. Childish. Hocclwe.
1632, sig. F. i. CHILDNESS. Childishness. Shaft.
CHICKEN'S-MEAT. According to Forby, thi CHILDRE. Children. (A.-S.} Very common
chick-weed, hut chicane-mete occurs in an in the provincial dialects. Childred, family,
early list of plants in MS. Karl. 978, trans Plumpton Corr. p. 143.
lated by intiba, the endive. Dross corn is als< So Itt happenyd, as fortune wolda that oon of the
called chicken's-meat. chtidre of the sowdeyn come as the wynde dro%-e hym.
CHIDDEN.
CH1DDLENS. "Wrangled ; quarrelled.
Chitterlings. Wilts. (A.-S.) Of alle wemen that ever were borne
MS- Digby 185.

CHIDE. To make an incessant noise. "Ichyde That bere chylder, abyde and see.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 4?.
I multyplye langage with a person, je fence,' CHILD WIT. A fine paid to the Saxon lord
Palsgrave. It is constantly used without
any reference to quarrelling. Palsgrave has when his bondwoman was unlawfully got with
" chidyng, altercation, noise" the word occur child ; and now within the manor of Writtle,
ring in the latter sense in Shakespeare. co. Essex, every reputed father of a base child
CHIDERESSE. A female scold. (A.-S.) pays to the lord for a fine 3s. 4d. which cus-
CHIDE STER. See Chideresse. tom is there still called cHldwit. Kennett,
CHID-LAMB. A female lamb. South. MS. Lansd. 1033.
CHIEL. A young fellow. North. CHILE- A blade of grass. Leic.
CHIERTEE. Tenderness; affection. (A.-N.\ CHILL. (1) To take the chill off liquor by
Chyerte, Morte d' Arthur, ii. 408. warming it, Var. dial
CHIEVE. (1) See Cheve. '2) A cold. Dorset.
(2) " Apex, stamen, the chieve or litle threds o '3) I will. Somerset
flowers, as in gillofers, lillies/' Nomenclator CHILLERY. Chilly. Kent. In Romeus and
p. 112. Juliet, p. 71, we have chillish, which is still in
CHIFE. A fragment. Suffolk. use in the provinces.
CHIG. To chew. Also a substantive, a quid o CHILVER. An ewe-sheep. West. Properly
tobacco. Hence metaphorically, to ruminate one year old, and also applied to ewe mutton.
upon. North. Sometimes pronounced chiggle CHIMBE. (1) The prominent part of the staves
CHIKE. A chicken. (A.-S.) Hence applied to beyond the head of a barrel. (A.-S.)
a child, Sevyn Sages, 2159. (2) To chime, as bells. (A.-S.)
CHIL. A child. Ritson. CHIMBLE. To gnaw. BucJcs. Fragments so
CHILBLADDER. A chilblain. South. made are called chimblings,
CHILD. (1) A youth trained to arms j a knight. CHIMBLER. A chimney. North. More usu-
This is not an unusual meaning of the word in cbimdy.ally perhaps chimbley^ and in some dialects
old romances.
(2) A girl. Devon. " A boy or a child, I won- CHIMENEY. Afire-place. (A.-N,}
der," Winter's Tale, iii. 3. Than was ther on a chymenay
CHILDAGE. Childhood. East. A gret fyr that brente rede.
CHILDE. To be delivered of a child. Correspond- MS. Jshmole 33, f. 20,
ing to the French enfanter. See Chester Plays, IHIMER. To shiver. (A.-S.)
i. 112 ; Maundevile's Travels, p. 133 ; Gesta JHIMICKE. A chemist. Florio.
Rom. 166. Harrison, Descr. of England, p. IHIMING. A certain kind of light perceived
233, speaking of saffron, says, " in this period when we wake in the night or rise suddenly.
of time also the heads are said to child, that ^HIMINGNESS. Melodiousness. Fairfax.
is, to yeeld out of some parts of them diverse HIMLEY. A chimney or fire-place. This form,
other headlets." This passage confirms an which is very common in the provinces, oc-
observation by White in Malone's Shakespeare, curs in anAutiqua,
old inventory
v. 220. Excerpta p. 25. printed in Croft's
And CHIMP. A young shoot. Dorset.
Mighthowe
also achilde,
mayde and
in fair virginite*
a modir be. CHIMPINGS. Grits. North.
MS. Ashmole 39, f. 58.
'HIMY. A smock ; a shift. South.
The more doujtir childide a sone, and clepide his
name Moab He is the fadir of men of Moab unto 'HIN-BAND. A kind of lace, generally twisted*
this present dai ; and the lesse doujtir childide a sone, which fastened the hat or cap under the chin*
an,d clepide his name Amon, that is, the sone of my CHINBOWDASH. The tie of the cravat. Dorset,
7HINCHE. A raiser. (A.~N.) " God es no
 247
CHI CHI
CHIQUINIE. A sequin, an Italian coin.
chynche of his grace," MS. Lincoln A. i- 17, CHIRCHE. A church. (A.-S}
f. 241. Cht/ncherde, Skeltcm.
Every avowter or unclene man that is a glotun or CHIRCHON. Churches. Rob. Glouc p 132
chyncke schal never have erytage in the rewma of CHIRE. (1) To feast, or make cheer. Hall
Cryst. (2) A blade of grass or any plant. « Chyer of
Wimbelton's Serinon, 1388, MS. Hatton 57, p. 32. grasse," Drayton's Harmonic, 1591.
CHINCHEL, A small hammer, Craven. CHIRISTANE. A cherry-stone. « Chiristane
CHINCHERIE. Niggardness. (A.-N.) kirnels," Reliq. Antiq. i. 52, Chirston. Gy of
And amonge other thingis that jowre wilne, Warwike, p. 367.
Be infecte with no wrecchid chincherie.
OcclRve, MS. Soc, Aniiq. 134, f. 278.
CHIRK. To chirp. (A.-S.) " Chyrkyd faste,"
Dial. Creat. Moral, p. 144. Applied to the
CHINCHONE. The herb groundsel. noises of various animals.
CHINCHY. Niggardly. (A.-N.) CHIRM. The melancholy under-tone of a bird
CHIN-CLOUT. A sort of muffler. previous to a storm. North. " Chyrme or chur,
CHIN-COUGH. The hooping-cough. Var. dial. as byrdes do," Huloet, 1552.
CHINE. (1) Same as Chimle (1). See Ordi- CHIRRE. To chirp. Jfaric*.
nances and Regulations, p. 295. Chine-hoop, CHIS. Chose. Weber.
the extreme hoop which keeps the ends of the CHI SAN. A dish in ancient cookery, described
staves together, and is commonly of iron. in the Ord. and Reg. p. 448. Chysanne, forme
According to Kennett, the chine-hoops are the • of Cury, p. 51.
middle hoops. CHISEL. Bran ; coarse flour. Line.
(2) A kind of salmon. " Troutes, or cJiyne sal- CHISMATE. Quarrelling?
mon," Ord. and Keg. p. 181. Of rebellyones, tasurrectiones, and false cJistmate,
(3) A chink or cleft. In the Isle of Wight, a Thay were ever war of on eche parte.
MS. Lansd. 208, f. 19.
small ravine is so called. See Harrison's
CHISSOM. To germinate. West.
Descr. of Britaine, p. 31. "I chyne as the CHISTE. A chest, (Lat.)
yerthe dothe whan it openeth in the sommer
CHIT. (1) To germinate. The first sprouts of
season for great
CHINED, Brokendrought," Palsgrave.
in the back. Chined his anything are called chits.
back, i. e. broke his back. (2} A forward child. Var. dial
CHINE SES. The Chinese people. (3) " Chyts in the face lyke unto wartes, which
CHING. A king. Rob. Glouc. is a kynde of pulse, lenticular Huloet, 1552,
CHINGLE. Gravel; shingle. East. Hence CHITE. To scold. (X-M)
cJiingty, abounding in gravel or grit. CHITRE. To chirp. « Chitering of briddis,"
CHINK. (1) A chaffinch. West. Apol. Loll. p. 92.
But sehe withalle no worde may soune,
(2) Money. Var. dial. The term occurs in But chitre as a brid jargowne.
Stanihurst's Description of Ireland, p. 22. Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 163.
" Dad or father, some money or cMnke, as CHITT. A kind of bird, mentioned in Archaao-
children use to say," Florio, ed. 1611, p. 355. logia, xiii. 350.
" Have chinks in thy purse," Tusser, p. 191. CHITTER. (1) To shiver, or tremble. North.
£3) A sprain on the back. East. 11 Chytteryng, quiveryng, or shakyng for cold,
;4j To cut into small pieces. East. To loosen
or separate earth for the purpose of planting. guer cents" Huloet, 1552.
(2) To chirp. Palsgrave.
" Chynken or gape, as the grpund dooth with CHITTERLINGS. The small entrails. The frill
dryeth," Huloet, 1552. of a shirt when ironed flat, is sometimes called
CH1NNY-MUMPS. A rude kind of music a chitterlin shirt, being somewhat of the same
caused by beating the chin with the knuckles, appearance. See the New Bath Guide, ed.
and by the rattling of the teeth causing sounds 1830, p. 83. Stubb seems to use the term for
in time. Yorhsh.
some kind of ornamental fringe. A small child
CHIP. (1) To break, or crack. An egg is said
to chip when the young bird cracks the shell. is called a cliitterling in Cotton's Works, ed.
North. 1734, p. 264. Part of the giblets or entrails
of a goose are called chitters in the North of
(2) To trip. North. England.
(3) The cry of the bat. CHITTING. Seed laid to chit, when it first
(4) To cut bread into slices* shoots
add. to itsRay.
small roots in the earth. More's MS.
CHIPPE. A ship. " Within chippe-burdez," on
board vessels, MS. Morte Arthure, f. 71. CHITTYFACED. Baby-faced. Var. dial. Chitty-
" Sevene skore chippes" ib. f. 90. face is used by our old writers as a term of
The lady intille thair chippe thay hente. contempt, not necessarily conveying the idea
MS. Lincoln A, i. 17, f. 101. of leanness. See the Downfall of Robert Earl
CHIPPER. To chirp. East. of Huntingdon, p. 80 ; Cotgrave, in v. CMche-
CHIPPINGS. Fragments of bread. North. See
Ord, and Reg. p. 32.* Chipping-knife, a knife CHIVAL, Afrorse. (Fr.)
to cut bread with, ib. p. 294. Chipper, a per- Ujpon the captive chtvate came
son who cuts bread, ib. p. 233. face. Into my tentsagaine.
CHIP-UP. To recover. East. TurbevW* Ovidt 1567, f. 14&
 248 CHO
CHO
CHIVAUCHE. An expedition. (A.-N.) (2) To exchange, or barter. Far. dial.
CHIVER. To shiver. (A.-S.) 3) To meet by chance. North.
CHIVES. Chits of grass. Leic. " Chyve of '4)putTo inputprison,
in. North. " ChoptofupRichard
in prison,"
safron or suche lyke," Palsgrave. True Tragedie III.
CHIVY. To chase; to pursue. Also a sub-
stantive. Possibly the same with cMven, Robin CHOPCHERRY. A game in which a cherry is
Hood, ii. 68. snatched
p. 31. for, alluded to in the Hesperides,
CHIZEN. To munch. Line. Herrick's Works, i. 198,
CHIZZLY. Hard; harsh and dry. East. CHOPCHURCHE S. Secular priests who gained
CHOAK-DAMP. Foul air in a colliery. North. money by exchanging their benefices. See
CHOAKING-PIE. A trick played on a heavy Kennett's Glossary, p. 44.
CHOP-LOGGERHEAD. An intense blockhead.
sleeper by lighting a piece of cotton and hold- East.
it to his nose.
CHOAK-PEAR. A cant term for a small piece CHOP-LOGICK. A person who is very argu-
of copper money. mentative. Fraternitye of Vacabondes, 1575.
CHOANE. A small fracture, or cleft. CHOPPER. A cheek of bacon. Hants.
CHOATY. Fat ; chubby. Kent. CHOPPINE. (1) A clog or clog patten, or light
CHOBBINS. Grains of unripened wheat left in framework, covered with leather, and worn
the chaff, called in Suffolk chads. under the shoe. They were not worn in this
CHOCK. (1) To choke. country except on fancy occasions, but were
(2) A part of a neck of veal. common in Venice, Spain, and other places.
(3) A piece of wood. North. " Chioppiens
Island, sig. C. for short," Strode's Floating
CHOCKLING. Hectoring ; scolding. Exmoor.
CHOCKLY. Choky ; dry. Sussex. (2) A quart measure. North.
CHODE. Chided. Miege. CHOPPING. Fat; lusty. North.
CHOFF. Stern ; morose. Kent. CHORE. A narrow passage between two houses.
CHOFFE. A churl. Pr.Parv. A Wiltshire word given in MS. Lansd. 1033,
CHOGS. The cuttings of hop plants when f. 2. Chare is still used at Newcastle in the
dressed in the spring. South. same sense.
CHOILE. To overreach. JorJcsJi. CHORE. Saturated or soaked with water.
CHOKELING. Chuckling. Chaucer. Northumb.
CHOKES. The throat. Nortkumb. CHORLE. A churl. Rttson.
CHOKKE. To push, or pass through. (A.-N.) CHOSES. Excuses. Plumpton Corr. p. 198.
CHOL. The jole ; head ; jaws. (A.-S.) It is CHOSLINGES. Chosen people. (A.-S.)
explained in a MS. Somersetshire glossary Quen he to pin him-selfen did
For his choslinges on rod tre.
penes me, " that part extending from beneath SIS. Cott. Vespas. A. iii. f. 10.
the chin and throat from ear to ear," which CHOUCHE. A couch.
seems to be the meaning of cholle in Weber's CHOUGH. A bird like a jackdaw, which fre-
Met. Rom. iii. 315 ; Beves of Hamtoun, pp. 96,
104, See Reliq. Antiq. i. 59 ; Ywaine and quents rocks by the sea-side. Sometimes a
Gawin, 1994. a young crow was so called. " Choughe, a
CHOLEDE. Suffered. Probably an error for yong crowe, comeilk," Palsgrave.
tholede in Rob. Glouc. p, 647. CHOULE. A jaw. North. This form is found
CHOLER. Soot. North. in Audelay's Poems, p. 77. The crop of a
CHOLICKY. Choleric. East. bird is also so called. The strap of the bridle
CHOLLER. A double chin. North. under the jaw is called the choul-oand.
CHOLT-HEADED. Thick-headed. CHOUNGE.
" Cliolt- Exchange. Weber.
headed felow, whose heade is as greate as a CHOUNTING. Quarrelling. Exmoor.
CHOUNTISH. Surly. Devon.
betle or mall, tuditanus" Huloet, 1552. CHOUPS. Hips. The fruit of briars. North.
CHOMP. To chew ; to crush. North.
CHON. To break. See Arthour and Merlin, CHOUSLE. To munch. Line.
CHOUT. A frolic, or merry-making. East.
p. 287, " tho
CHONCE. To thatcheat.dethDevon.her hert chon." CHOVE. To sweep. (A.-N.)
CHOVY. A kind of small beetle. East.
CHONGET. Changed. (A.-S.) Chongy, to
change. " He nel chongy for no newe," MS. CHOW. (1) To grumble. North.
(2) To chew. Var. dial.
CHOOL. in "Wright's
Harl. Songs and Carols.
I will. Somerset. "HOWDER. A fish-seller. Devon.
CHOONERING. Grumbling. Lane. CHOWFINGED. A stupid fellow. Lane.
CHOOR. SeeCto(4). "1HOWRE.
But whenTo thegrumble
crabbed ornurce
mutter. Somers**.
CHOORE. Thirty bushels of flour or meal, ac- Beginnes to chide and chowre,
cording to the Liber Niger Domus Edw. IV. With heavie heart I take my course
p. 16. To seawarde from the towre.
CHOORY. To work, or cha*% Somerset. TwbevUtfs Ovid, 1567, f. 12$,
CHOOSING-STICK. A divining-rod. Somerset. HOWSE. To cheat. Var. dial.
CROP. (1) To flog, Essex. CHOWTER. To grumble or scold, Devon.
 249 CHU
CHU
CHOYS. Shoes. See the Howard Household CHUCKLE-HEAD. A fool. Devon.
Books, p. 48. CHUCKS. (1) The cheeks. Devon.
CHRISECOLL. Crystal? See Euphues Golden (2) Pinched grains in the husk. Dorset.
Legacie, ap. Collier, p. 78. Perhaps the same CHUFF. (1) A term of reproach, often applied
with chrysocolla, Harrison's Descr. of England, to an old miser. See Florio, in v. Avarone ;
p. 236. Nash's Pierce Penniless, p. 11 ; Forde's
CHRISOME. Signifies properly the white cloth Tracts, p. 11. Chuff er, Towneley Myst.
which is set by the minister of baptism upon
the head of a cMld newly anointed with (2)p.Churlish
216. ; surly. Var. dial
chrism after his baptism : now it is vulgarly (3) A cheek. Cotgrave.
taken for the white cloth put about or upon a CHUFFY. Fat and fleshy. East. Cotgrave has
child newly christened, in token of his bap- the word in v. Dodu.
tism, wherewith the women use to shroud the CHULLE. To bandy about.
child if dying within the month ; otherwise it We hafe bene chased to daye and chullede as hares,
is usually brought to church at the day of Rebuyked with Romaynes appone theire ryche stedez,
Morte Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f, 68.
Purification. Chrisoms in the bills of mortality Tho world makus a mon to ryse and falle,
are such children as die within the month of And chulles hym as men don a balle,
birth, because during that time they use to That is casten fro hande to hande.
wear the chrisom-cloth ; and in some parts of MS. Bib. Reg. 17 B. xvii. f. 142.
England, a calf killed before it is a month old CHUM. (1) A bedfellow. Var. dial
is called a chrisom-calf. Blount. The anoint- (2) To chew tobacco. Mieffe.
ing ointment was also called chrisome. "Wyth CHUMMING-UP. A ceremony practised at
crysume enoyntede," MS. Morte Arthure, f. some prisons on the arrival of a new comer,
54, reference being made to a coronation. who is welcomed with the music of old swords
*' Oile and crisme," Leg. Cathol. p. 243. and staves, and is afterwards expected to pay
CHRIST- CROSS. The alphabet. One early a small sum of money as the price of admission
school lesson, preserved in MS. Rawl. 1032, to their company.
commences, " Christe crosse me spede in alle CHUMP. A log of wood for burning. "A great
my worke," which seems to be alluded to in chip," according to Urry's MS. additions to
the Boke of Curtasye, p. 7. The signature of Ray. The thick end of a sirloin of beef is
a person who cannot write is also so called. called the chump end.
CHRISTENDOM. A Christian name. Shaft. CHUMPY. Small; stunted. Line.
CHRISTENMESSE. Christmas. CHUMS. Fragments of brick, the smallest used
CHRISTENTYE. Christendom, Percy. by masons.
CHRISTIAN-HORSES. Sedan chairmen. Newc. CHUN. A bad woman. West.
CHRISTLINGS. A small sort of plum. Devon. CRUNCH. Sulky. Line.
CHRISTMAS. Holly, with which houses are CHUNK. (1) A log of wood. Kent.
decorated at Christmas. (2) To chuck one under the chin. Kent.
CHRISTMAS-BOXES. Boxes for money car- CHUNTER. To complain ; to grumble ; to mut-
ried by poor men at Christmas to solicit con- ter. Also spelt chunner and chunder.
tributions. Boxes being now no longer used CHURCH-ALE. A wake, a feast in commemo-
the term is still retained for the contributions. ration ofthe dedication of a church.
Our first explanation is gathered from Melton's CHURCH-CLERK. A parish-clerk. East.
SixeFold Politician, 1609, p. 161. CHURCHEARD. A church-yard. South.
CHRISTMAS-LORD. The lord of misrule. See CHURCHE-GANG. Church-going. Rob. Glouc.
Stanihurst's Descr. of Ireland, p. 40.
CHRIST-TIDE. Christmas. In MS. Addit. CHURCHHAW.
hawe, Sevyn Sages, A church-yard. (A.-S~) Chirche-
2625. Chyrche-haye oc-
10406, f. 4, is a payment " to the poore at curs in an early MS. quoted in Prompt. Parv.
Crivtide and Easter." p. 221, and was in use in the seventeenth cen-
CHUBBY. (1) Surly; angry. East.
(2) Fat ; swelling. Var. dial tury, as appears from Lhuyd's MS. additions
to Ray in Mus. Ashmol. Also called a church-
CHUCK. (1) A great chip. Sussex.
(2) A hen. Craven. CHURCHING. The church-service, not the
(3) A term of endearment. Sometimes, a wife. garth.
particular office so called. East.
Earle's Microcosm, p. 184. CHURCH-LITTEN, A church-yard, or burial
(4) A sea-shell. North. Chucks, a game played ground. West Sussex. " When he come into
with frve of them.
that chirche-lyttoun tho," Chron. Vilodun.
(5) To toss ; to throw. Var. dial.
CHUCKER. Cosily. Sussex. p. 114.
CHURCHMAN. An officiating minister. Var.
CHUCKERS. Potions of ardent spirits. North. dial.
CHUCKFARTHING. A game described by CHURCH-MASTERS. Church-wardens. North.
Strutt, p. 386. It is alluded to in Peregrine CHURCH-REVE. A church-warden. (A^S.)
Pickle, ch. xvi. CHURCH-SCOT. Payment or contribution to
CHUCK-FULL. Quite full. Warw. the church. Kennett*
'CHUCKIE. A hen. Craven. CHURCH-STILE. A pulpit. North.
 250 CIV
CID
CHURCH-TOWN. A village near the church, CIERGES. Wax tapers. (A*N.)
South CIFTE. A sieve. Pr. Parv.
CHURCHWARDEN. A cormorant. South. CILE. To seel or sew up the eyelids of a hawk.
CHURCHWORT. The herb pennyroyal. CILVERYN. To silver over. Pr. Parv.
CHURL. The wallflower. Salop. CIMBICK. A miserly fellow. (A.-N.)
CHURL'S-TREACLE. AUium, or garlic. CIMICE. A wall-louse. (Ital)
CHURLT. Cheerless, applied to prospect ; rough CINCATER. A person who has entered his
applied to weather. Yorksh. fiftieth year.
CHURN-DASH. The staff belonging to a churn. CINGLET. A waistcoat. North.
North. CINGULAR. A wild boar in its fifth year.
CHURNEL. An enlargement of the glands of ffowell.
the neck. North. CINOPER. Cinnabar. Jonson.
CHURN-GOTTING. A harvest-supper. North. CINQUE-PACE. A kind of dance, the steps of
CHURN-MILK. Buttermilk. East. which were regulated by the number five. See
CHURN-SUPPER. A supper given to the la- Thynne's Debate, p. 52 ; Collier's Shak. iii.
bourers at the conclusion of the harvest. 335.
North. CINQUE-PORT. A kind of fishing-net, having
CHURRE. Some kind of bird, species unknown, five entrances.
mentioned in Arch. xiii. 350. CINQUETALE. A quintal. See Burgon's Life
CHURRING. The noise made by a partridge of Gresham, i. 69.
in rising. North. See Cotgrave, inv. Cabab. CINTER. The centering of an arch. See Cot-
CHURTY. Rocky soil ; mineral. Kent. The grave, in v. Douvette,
word chartt which is in the names of some CIPE. A great basket. Series.
localities in Kent, is supposed to be connected CIPIOUN. Scipio. Chaucer.
with this term. CIPPUS. The stocks or pillory. Ben Jonson.
CHUSE. To reprehend, or find fault. (A.-N.) Cf. Blount, in v.
Maundevile, p. 221. CIPRESS. A fine kind of gauze, very similar to
CHUSE -BUT. To avoid. Northuyib.
CHUSE REL. A debauched fellow. South. crape. " Cypres for a womans necke, crespe"
Palsgrave.
CHUTE. A steep hilly road. /. Wight CIRCLET, A round piece of wood put under a
CHWOT. Dressed. Somerset. dish at table. North.
CHYCONES. Chickens. This form occurs in CIRCLING-BOY. A roaring boy. Jonson.
MS. Burney 356, f. 99. CIRCOT. A surcoat. Hardyng.
CHYDDER. To shiver. SJcelton. CIRCUDRIE. Arrogance j conceit. (A.-N.)
CHYTE. Chief. Percy, p. 46. MS. Ashmole 59 reads surquyd.
CHYKKYNE. To chirp. Pr. Parv. 0 wheieis all the transetorie fame
CHYLDERIN. Children. (A.-S.} Of pompe and pride and ciicudrir in fere.
Lydgate, MS. Ashnwls 31), f. 28.
CHYMBE, A cymbal. (A.-S.) CIRCUIT. A circle or crown. Shak.
As a chymbe or a brazen belle,
That nouther con undirstonde ny telle. CIRCUMBENDIBUS. A circuitous round-
Cursor Mundl, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 76. about way. Var. dial.
CHYMMER. A gown cut down the middle, and CIRCUMCIDE. To cut or pare off. (Lat.)
generally used only by persons of rank and So prudently with vertu us provide,
opulence. Archaeologia, xxx. 17. Oure vices alle that we may circumdde.
CHYMOL. A hinge. Arch. x. 93. Lydgate, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 22
CHYN. The chine, or back. Weber. CIRCUMSTANCE. Conduct ; detail Shak.
CHYNE. A chain. Lang toft. CIRNE. The lote-tree. « Cirnetre, after," Re-
CHYNGYL. A shingle of wood. liq. Antiq. ii. 82.
CHYPPE. To carp at. CISS. Cicely. Tusser.
In wordys men weren never so wyce, CISSERS. Scissors. Huloet.
As now to chyppe at wordys of reson. CIST. (1) A chest. Yorksh.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 23.
CHYRYSE. Cherries. (2) A cess-pool. South.
CITEE. A city. (^.-Ar.)
CHYS. Choice; CITIZEN. Town bred ; delicate. Shak.
123;Cov. Myst. select.
p. 180. See "Reliq. Antiq. i. CITOLE. A kind of musical instrument with
CHYSTES. Chests. Weber. chords. (A.-N.} Citolers, persons who played
CHYTE. To chide. Towneley Mytf. on citoles, Ord. and Reg. p. 4.
CHYVELEN. To become shrivelled. CITTE. To cut. (A.-S.)
CICELY. Cow parsley. North. CITTERN. A musical instrument, similar to a
CICHLING. Vetches. North.
CICILIA. The name of an ancient dance. See guitar. Cittern-headed, ugly, in allusion to
the grotesque figures with which the cittern
the Shak. Soc. Papers, i. 26 ; Brit;. Bibl, ii. was ornamented.
610. GIVE. To prove, or appear. (A.-N.)
CIDDLE. To tickle. Kent. Be this ensample it may wel cive
CIDE. To decide. South. That man schalle homicide eschive,
CIDERAGE. The herb arsmart. tSower, MS. $99, Antiq, 134, fi 1<H«
 CLA 251 CLA

CIVEIIY. A partition or compartment in a matter. " To clam or sticke close unto*

vaulted ceiling. Florio, ed. 1611, p. 33.
CIVIL. Sober; grave ; piain. (3) A slut. East.
CIVIL-GOWN, The gown of a civilian. (4) To emaciate. East. A person who is starved
CIVITY. A city. " An ancient civitie" Stani- is said to be clammed. " I would sooner
hurst's Descr. of Ireland, p. 9. clam than go to the workhouse."
CLAAS. Close ; tight. Yor&sh. (5) To daub ; to glue. North.
CLAATH. Cloth. Craven. (6) To pinch. North.
CLACK. (1) A woman's tongue. Var. dial (7) Climbed. Yorfoh. " He clam uppon the
(2) A land of small windmill set on the top of a tree," Wright's Seven Sages, p. 33 ; dame, p.
pole to turn and clap on a board to frighten 107. See also Collier's Old Ballads, p. 99.
away birds. Clambe, Perceval, 1223.
(3) To cut off the sheep's mark from wool, which (8)thirst.
To clog up. West. Also, to choke with
made it weigh less, and so diminished the duty
payable on it. Blount. To snatch ; to shut. Line.
(4) The clapper of a mill. See Cotgrave, in v. 10) A kind of shell-fish, mentioned by Pennant,
Claquet. See Brit. Bibl. iv. 316.
(5) The sucker or valve of a pump. Var. dial (11) To castrate a bull or ram by compression.
North.
(6) To snap with the fingers. See Florio, in v.
Castagn£tte. (12) A rat-trap. South.
CLACK-BOX, The tongue. East. (13) To rumple. Devon.
CLACK-DISH. A dish, or rather box, with a (14) To muffle a bell. SeeWaldron's Sad Shep-
moveable lid, carried by beggars in former herd, p.167. According to some, to ring a
times, to attract notice by the noise it made, bell irregularly or out of tune.
and to bring people to their doors. It was CLAMBEN. Climbed. (A.-S.}
also called a clap-dish, and Forby mentions a CLAMBER. To climb. Var. dial Howell
has clammer in his Lex. Tet.
phrase still in use, " his tongue moves like a
beggar's clap-dish" In Kennett's time the CLAMBERANDE. Clustering.
term was applied to " a wooden dish wherein CLAMBERSCULL. Very strong ale. East.
they gather the toll of wheat and other corn CLAME. (1) To fasten one thing to another
in markets." with any glutinous or clammy matter. North.
CL ACKER. A rattle to frighten away birds To dame butter, to spread it upon bread.
from a corn-field. West. It is called a
clacJcet by Cotgrave, in v. Clac. " Clacks of 3)} To
An call. Spenser.
iron hook, to bind together horizontally
wood," small pieces of wood to clap with, the stonework of a piece of masonry.
Thorns7 Anecdotes and Traditions, p. 113. (4) To challenge. (A.-N.}
CLADDE. Covered with armour ; armed. See CLAMERYNE. To creep, or climb. Pr. Parv.
Sir Tristrem, p. 145. CLAMMAS. (1) To climb. North.
CLAES. Clothes. North. (2) A noise, or clamour. North.
CLAFE. Cleft. CLAMMERSOME. Clamorous ; greedy. North.
Thorow owt helme and hawberk cler, CLAMP. (1) An extempore and imperfect sort
Hed and body he clafe yn sender. of brick-kiln. East.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 108. (2) A mound of earth lined with straw to keep
CLAG. To stick, or adhere. North. Hence potatoes, beetroot, or turnips through the
claggy, glutinous, sticky. winter. East.
CLAGGER. A well-timed remark. North. (3) To tread heavily. Var. dial Sometimes
CLAGGUM. Treacle made hard with boiling, clamper is heard in the same sense.
North. It is also called clag-candy. ) A large fire made of underwood. North.
CLAG-LOCKS. Locks of wool matted or clot- ) When a piece of board is fitted with, the
ted together. East. grain to the end of another piece across the
CLAGS. Bogs. North. g>ain, the first board is said to be clamped.
CLAIKET. A hole, or puddle. 0#<m. CLAMPS. Andirons. North.
CLAIKS. Barnacles, or brant-geese. See Ho- CLAMS. A kind of forceps or pincers, with long
linshed, Hist. Scotland, p. 17. wooden handles, with which farmers pull up
CLAIM. To cry out. (Lat.) thistles and weeds. North.
CLAIM-UP. A mill is said to be claimed up CLANCH. To snatch at. lino.
when it is overloaded. It also means to paste CLANK. A clang, or bang. North.
up a paper as an advertisement. North. CLANKER. A severe beating. North.
CLAIRG. To bedaub. North. CLANLICHE. Cleanly 5 entirely. See Rob.
CLAIRON. A clarion. Fiona. Glouc. p. 97 ; Life of St. Brandan, p. 4.
CIAITY. Dirty. Cumb. CLANKES. Purity; chastity. Clawy, t
CLAKE. To scratch. North. Gesta Roman, p. 70.
CLAM. (1) A stick laid across a stream of water. CLANT. To claw, or s^rateh. North*
CLAP. (1) To sit down. Var.. dial
(2) Clamminess. East. Any adhesive, viscous (2) The lip, or tongue. West.
 CLA 252 CLA
seventy strings. Florio calls it clarigols, and
has ! makes
word inor this
(3)theA blow, stroke, dial toSkelton
sense. Var.Clappe, strike off, it synonymous with the harpsichord.
"Ritson's Anc. Songs, i. 51; Wright's Pol. He also spells it claricoes. See his New World
Songs, p. 188. of Words, ed. 1611, pp. 39, 173, 219; Har-
(4) To fondle, to pat. North. rison's Descr. of England, p. 238. " Claricym-
(5) To place to, or apply. Var. dial balles, cimbalks" Palsgrave. Sir W. Leighton
Gent. has claricoales in his Teares or Lamentations
(6)Rec.The ii.lower part of the heat of a hawk.
62. of a Sorrowfull Soule, 4to. Lond. 1613.
(7) Low ; marshy. East. CLARION. A kind of small-mouthed and shrill-
CLAP-BENE. A request made to infants in their sounding trumpet, used commonly as a treble
nurse's arms to clap their hands as the only to the ordinary one. (A.-N,) Clarionere, a
means they have of expressing their prayers. trumpeter, MS. Morte Arthure. Claryide,
Pronounced claphenny. See Bene (5). played on the clarion, Reliq. Antiq. i. 86.
CLAP-BOABD. Board cut in order to make CLARISSIMO. A grandee of Venice.
casks. See Book of Rates, p. 32. CLARRY. Wine made with grapes, honey, and
CLAP-BREAD. Cake made of oatmeal, rolled aromatic spices. Wine mixed with honey and
thin and baked hard. Also called clap-cake. spices, and afterwards strained, was called
According to Kennett, " they seem to be so clarrc, but the original claret was a sweet wine
called from clapping or beating the part till it of itself made of the above-mentioned mate-
rials. See Launfal, 344 ; Chaucer, Cant. T.
is very
CLAP-DISH. thin." See Clacb-disTi. 1473, 9717 ; Kyng Alisaunder, 7582; Arthour
CLAPER. To chatter. Oxon. and Merlin, p. 116 ; Warner's Antiq. Culm.
CLAP-GATE. A small horse-gate. East. p. 90 ; Harrison's Descr. of England, p. 167 ;
CLAPHOLT. Same as clap-board, q. v. See Ord. and Reg. pp. 435, 473 ; Digby Mysteries,
Brit. Bibl ii. 401, 510 ; Book of Rates, p. 32. p. 77. According to Forby, any sort of
CLAPPE. To talk fast. (A.-S.) Also a sub- foreign red wine is called claret in the East of
stantive. "Hold thou thy clappe," Chron. England, The erle come to hur with that,
Vilodun. p. 94. See Clap (2) ; W. Mapes,
p. 343. Wyth pymentandMS.wyth cton-t/.
Cantab. Ff, ii. 38 f. 117.
CLAPPER. (1) The tongue. North.
(2) A plank laid across a running stream as a CLART. To spread, smear, or daub. A flake
substitute for a bridge. Devon. of snow, when it is large and sticks to the
(3) A rabbit burrow. (A.-N.} " Cony hole or clothes, is called a dart. So we have darts,
clapar," Palsgrave. " A clapper for conies, mud ; clarty, muddy, sticky. Clarty-paps, a
i. e. a heap of stones, earth, with boughes or dirty sloven of a wife.
such like, whereinto they may retire them- CLARYNE. To clear, or clarify.
selves, or a court walled about and full of nests CLASH. (1) To gossip. North. Also, an idle
of boords for tame conies," Minsheu. story, tittle-tattle ; a tale-bearer. Clash-me-
(4) A door-knocker, Minsheu. saunter, a tiresome repeater of stories.
CLAPPERCLAW. To beat and abuse. In the (2) To throw anything carelessly, or bang it
Clavis to Meriton, 1697, it is explained "to about. North.
CLASHY. Foul; rainy. North.
work earnestly, or beat or fight earnestly."
CLAPPERDUDGEON. Beggars who went CLASPER. A tendril. Oxon.
about with patched cloaks, accompanied by CLASP-KNIFE. A large pocket-knife.
their morts. CLAT. (1) To cut the dirty locks of wool off
CLAPPING. Noisy talking. (^.-5.) sheep. South.
CLAPPING-POST. The smaller of apair of gate- (2) To break clods of earth or spread dung on a
posts, against which the .gate closes. East. field. West. Also, a clod of earth.
CLAPSE. A clasp. West. We have the verb (3) To tattle. SeeCto(l).
elapse in Chaucer, Cant, T. 275. (4) Cow-dung. West.
CLAP-STILE. A peculiar kind of stile, the hori- (5) A dish in ancient cookery, described in the
zontal ledges being moveable. Suffolk. Forme of Cury, p. 42.
CLAPTE. Struck. (A.-S.) CLATCH. A brood of chickens. Lane.
CLARANERIS. Clarinets, or bells. Weoer. CLATE. Some wedge belonging to a plough,
CLAREFID. Glorified. (Lat.) Chesh.
A voice come fro hevene thore, CLATHERS. Clothes. West.
I haf clarefid the, he saide.
MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 90. CLATS. Slops ; spoon victuals. Lino.
CLARENT. Smooth. Devon. CLATTER. Noise ; idle talk. North. "Halden
CLARESTER. See Clear-story. stillethy clater," Towneley Myst. p. 190. To
CLARET. See Clarry. chatter, Morte d' Arthur, ii. 170. To beat so as
to rattle, Florio, ed. 1611, p. 293. Clatterer,
CLARE TEE. Brightness. Maundevile. a person who cannot keep a secret.
CLARGYMAN. A black rabbit. Chesh. For councel otvght to be kept and not to be clatrid,
CLARICORD. A musical instrument in the form And children ben ay ciutringe as thou wel knowest.
of a spinet, containing from thirty-five to
, f. A
 OLE OLE
253
CLATTERFERT. A tale-telicr. See Stani- GLEAM. To glue together. See Clam (2).
liurst's Description of Ireland, p. 21. CLEAMED. Leaned; inclined. North.
CLATTY. Dirty ; slovenly. Line. CLEAN. (1) Entirely. Var. dial. " To abolish
CLAUCHT. Scratched ; clawed. Craven. In cleane, or make to be forgotten," Rider. See
Lincolnshire, clauc&s, to snatch. Harrison's Desc. of Britaine, p. 52, England,
CLAUD. A ditch, or fence. North. p. 139 ; Cotgrave, in v. Anguille, Contre-fil,
CLAUGHT. Snatched at. Norttiumb. Levant.
CLAUM. To scrape together. Line. (2) Clear in complexion ; pure. See Stanihurst,
CLAUNCH. To walk in a lazy, lounging man- p. 44 ; Holinshed, Hist. Scot. p. 69.
ner. East.
(3) Var.
To dial.
wash, dress, and arrange one's toilet.
CLAUSE. An end, or conclusion. (A.-N.}
CLAUSTER. A cloister. (Lat.) CLEANING. The after-birth of a cow. Also
CLAUT. (1) To tear, or scratch. North. To called the cleansing.
scrape together, to clean. CLEANSER. A large kind of gun-picker.
(2) The marsh ranunculus. Wilts. Meyrick, iii. 118,
CLAVE. (1) The handle, or the part of a pair of CLEAR. (1) Pure ; innocent. Shaft.
small balances by which they are lifted up in (2) Same as clean (1). Clear and shear, totally,
weighing anything. completely.
(2) Cleaved. Chester Plays, ii. 70. CLEAR-STORY. The upper story of a church.
CLAYEL. A mantel-piece. West. Called also This term seems to have been used in a variety
clavel-tack, clavy, and clavy-piece. Clavel- of ways for any method of admitting light into
tack is, I believe, the shelf over the mantel- the upper parts of a building. It appears from
piece. Holme that clearstory windows are those
CLAVER. (1) To climb. North. " Clymbande which have " no transum or cross-piece in
the middle of them to break the same into two
ande&roeraw&one heghe/'MS. MorteArthure.
(2) To talk fast, to cajole any one by talking. lights,"the meaning employed by Shakespeare,
North.
(3) Clover-grass. North. Twelfth Night, iv. 2. " Cl'arestorie wyndowe,
fenestrenula" Huloet's Abcedarium, 1552.
The close was hi compas castyne alle abowte .CLEAT. A piece of iron worn on shoes by
With claver and clereworte clede evene over.
country people. To cleat, to strengthen any
Line. MS. MorteArthure, f. 87.
thing with iron.
CLAVERS. Din ; noisy talking. North. CLEAT-BOARDS. Mud pattens, broad flat
CLAVY-TACK. A key. Exmoor. pieces of board fastened to the shoes to enable
CLAW. a person to walk on the mud without sinking
(2) To seize, or snatch favour.
(1) To curry ; to take North. '
away violently. into it.
North. " Claw me, and He claw thee," CLEAVER. A school-boy's toy, consisting of a
Howell, p. 11. piece of thoroughly-soaked leather to which a
(3) One fourth part of a cow-gait in common string is attached. The leather is then closely
pastures. North. squeezed to a stone by the feet to exclude every
CLAW-BACK. A flatterer. See Cotgrave, in particle of air, when by pulling the string the
v. Jaquet ; Barnaby's Journal. stone may be lifted out of the flagging, the
CLAWE. To stroke. (A.-S,} Clauyng, stroking, experiment being generally tried on pavement.
Wright's North.
tickling. Seven Sages, p. 34, or, perhaps, CLEAVERS. Tufts of grass. East.
CLAW-ILL. An ulcer in the feet of cattle. CLECHE. To snatch, or seize.
Devon. Thus wolde he cleche us with his hande,
CLAW-OFF. To reprove. North. With his fyngers on rawe.
CLAWS. Clothes. Somerset. MS, Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 82.
CLAY. To shiver. Devon. CLECK. To hatch. North.
CLAY-COLD. Lifeless. South. CLECKIN. A chicken. North. InTowneley
CLAY-DAUBIN. A custom in Cumberland, My st. p. 311, clefa/t, hatched.
where the neighbours and friends of a newly- CLECKING. Said of a fox, maris appetens.
married couple assemble, and do not separate Craven.
till they have erected them a rough cottage. CLECIUNGS. A shuttlecock. Cumb,
CLAY-SALVE. The common cerate. East. CLECKS. Refuse of oatmeal. Line.
CLAY-STONE. A blue and white limestone CLED. (1) Clad; clothed. Chaucer. It occurs
dug in Gloucestershire. also in MS. Cott. Vespas. D. vii.; Craven
CLAYT. Clay or mire. Kent. Glossary, i. 75 ; Towneley Myst. p. 131 ; MS.
CLEACH. To clutch. Salop. Lansd. 1033.
CLEACHING-NET. A hand net, with a semi- CLEDEN. Goosegrass. Dorset.
circular hoop and transverse bar, used by CLEDGY. Clayey, stiff. Kent. Harrison uses
fishermen on the banks of the Severn. Ken- the term in his Description of England, pp.
nett, MS. Lansd. 1033, calls it a cleek-net. Ill, 170.
CLEAD. To clothe or clad. East. CLEEK. A hook, a barb. North.
CLEAK. To snatch. North. CLEERTE. Glory. (A<-N.)
 CLE 254 CLE
CLEES. Claws. North. Also spelt cleyes. vertus, and peraventour hase getyn by grace a som-
See the Nomenclator, p. 63; Marlowe, iii. dele ryste and a cleretc in concyence.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 223.
492 ; Maundevile, p. 198.
As a cat wolde ete fischis CLERGIE. Science; learning. (A.-N.) See
Withoute wetynge of his dees. Sevyn Sages, 46 ; Wright's Seven Sages, p. 2 ;
Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 110. Middleton, ii. 155. Clergiatty, learnedly,
CLEET. (1) The hoof. North. Piers Ploughman, p. 8 ; Hartshorne's Met.
(2) A stay or support. Tales, p. 56.
CLEEVES. Cliffs. See Greene's Works, i. 147 ; I rede how besy that he was
clqfe, Eglamour, 415. Upon clergye, an hed of bras
To forge and make it for to tells.
CLEFFE. Cleaved- " Cleffe one the cuke walde," Gowei; MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 104.
Morte Arthure, MS. Line. f. 67. For thouje I to the steppis clergial
CLEFT. (1) Black slate. North. Of these clerkis thre may not atteyne.
Occleve, MS. Ibid. f. 263.
(2) Yorksh.
Timber fit for cooper's ware, spokes, &c.
CLERGION. A young clerk. (A.-N.)
CLEG. (1) The gad-fly. North. " Hornets, CLERGY. An assembly of clerks. " Clergy, a
clegs, and clocks," Du Bartas, p. 361. "A nombre of clerkes," Palsgrave.
ciegge flie, solipuga" Baret, C. 594. CLERK. A scholar. (A.-N.) To make a clerkes
(2} A clever person ; an adept. Lane. berde, i. e. to cheat him.
(3) To cling, or adhere. North. CLERLICHE. Purely. (A.-S.)
CLEGGER. To cling. Cumb. CLER-MATYN. A kind of fine bread. (A.-N.)
CLEGNING. See Cleaning. See Piers Ploughman, p. 135.
CLEKE. To snatch, grasp, or strike. " He CLERTE. Brightness. (A.-S.) SeeGestaRom.
clekys
thure. owtte Collbrande," MS. Morte Ar- p. 277 ; Audelay's Poems, p. 45 ; Apol. Loll.
The devell bekynnes with his honde
Men als he wele kane, CLERYFY. To make known, or clear.
And with his fyve fyngerys CLESTE. To cleave in two. North. Huloet
He cleJees mony a in one. has 5.this word, Abcedarium, 1552.
p.
MS. Cantab. Ff. v* 48, f. 81. CLETCH. A brood of chickens. North.
CLEM. (1) Same as Clam (4, 8). CLETE. A piece of wood fastened on the yard-
(2) St. Clement. South. arms of a ship to keep the ropes from slipping
(3) To climb. Arch, xxviii. 97. off the yards.
CLEMYD. Closed j fastened. Arch. xxx. 405. CLETHE. To clothe. North*
CLENCHE. To cling together. (A.-S.) CLETT. Gleet. MS. Med. Line.
CLENCY. Miry; dirty. Line. CLEVE. A dwelling. (A.-S.)
CLENE. Pure ; clean. (A.-S.) CLEVEL. A grain of corn. Kent.
CLENENESSE. Purity. (A.-S.) CLEVEN. (1) Rocks ; cliffs. (A.-S.)
CLENGE. To contract or shrink. To strain at, (2) To split,Scheor was
cleave.
Wickliffe, MS. Bodl. where Baber reads den- meteles(A.-S.)
vj. dayes>
synge, p. 27. For care hur herte clevyth.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 68*
CLENKING. Clinking; jingling.
CLENSOUNE. Declension. Reliq. Antii. 14. CLEVE-PINK. A species of carnation which
CLE NT. To become hard, generally applied to grows wild on the Chedder cliffs. Ckve for
grain. West. dip is common in early English.
CLEOVES. Cliffs. Kyng Alis. 6277, Ynto a wode was veryly thykk,
CLEPE. To call. (A.-S.) Clepton, pi. called, There devys were and weyes wyck.
M8. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 84.
Chron. Vilodun. p. 97. Palsgrave has, " I
clepe, I call, je huysche / this terme is farre CLEVER. (1) Handsome ; good-looking. East.
Northerne." This verb is still used by toys Kennett says, " nimble, neat, dextrous."
at play in the Eastern counties, who dope the Lusty ; very well. Lane.
sides at a game. (2) Clearly; fully. Kent.
CLEPEL. A kind of pipe forming part of a (3) To climb, or scramble up. North.
clock. (4) Affable. South.
CLEPPS. A wooden, instrument for pulling (5) A clod, or tuft of coarse grass turned up by
weeds out of corn. Cumb. the plough. East.
CLER. Polished ; resplendent. Weber. Clers, CLEVERBOOTS. A clever person, generally la
clear, Sevyn Sages, 2036. a satirical sense. Var. dial. Brockett has
CLERE. A kerchief. clever-clumsy*
On their heades square bonettes of damaske golde,
rolled wyth lose gold that did hange doune at their CLEVET. Cleaved. See Warton's Hist Engl.
Poet. ii. 413 ; Anturs of Arther, xl. 13.
backes, with kerchiefes or dares of fyne cypres.
Hall. Henry Vlll. f. 83. CLEVVY. A species of draft iron for a plough.
CLERENESSE. Glory. (A.-N.)
North.
CLERETE. Purity. (A.-S) CLEW. (1) A ring at the head of a scythe which
Some mane whenne he hase lange travelde bodyly fastens it to the sned.
«Ad gaately in dystroynge of synnes and getynge of (2) Scratched. Sevyn Sages, 925.
 CLI CLI
255
(3) A rock. (X.-S.) " Bothe the clew es and. tlie (2) To soil with the fingers. East,
clyfez," Morte Arthure, MS. Lincoln, f. 74. CLINCH. (1) To confirm an improbable story
CLEXVE. To cleave, or fasten to. by a lie. Far. dial.
CLEWKIN. Strong twine. North. (2)Tet.
A witty
CLEW5THE. Coiled. Chron. Vil. p. 99. 1660. saying, or repartee. Howell's Lex.
CLEY. A hurdle for sheep. (3) A claw, or fang. North.
CLEYMANNE. A dauber. Pr. Parv. CLINCHING-NET. See Cleaching-net.
CLEYMEN. To claim. (A.-N.) Cleymyn, CLINCHPOUP. A term of contempt found in
Christmas Carols, p. 8 ; deymyd, Apol. Loll. Northbrooke's Treatise, 1577.
p. 42. CLINCQUANT. Brass thinly wrought out into
CLEYNT. Clung. Ritson. leaves. North.
CLEYSTAFFE. A pastoral staff. Pr. Parv. tions to Ray. (Fr.}This is in More's MS. addi-
CLEY3TE. Cleaved? See Morte d' Arthur, i. CLINE. To climb. Warw.
157, " and ckyt,te hym under his ryght arme." CLING. (1) To shrink up. North. This is Ken-
CLIBBY. Sticky ; adhesive. Devon. nett's explanation, and is used by Shakespeare.
CLICK. (1) To snatch, Var. dial. (2) To rush with violence. North.
(2} To tick as a clock " To click or fiurt with CLINK. A hard blow. far. dial
ones fingers as moresco dancers/' Florio, ed. CLINKE. To ring; to tinkle. (A.-N.}
1611, p. 52. " To cliche with ones knuckles," CLINKER. (1) A bad sort of coal ; a cinder from
ih. p. 148. an iron furnace. Salop.
(3) A blow. East. (2) A small puddle made by the foot of a horse
or cow. Warw.
CLICKET. (1) To chatter. East. " Her that
will clicket," Tusser, p. 251. "A tailing CLINKER-BELL. An icicle. Somerset.
CLINKERS. Small bricks. Far. dial
huswife, whose dicfat is ever wagging/'
Cotgrave. CLINKET. A crafty fellow. North.
(2) A clap-dish ; anything that makes a rattling CLINKS. Long nails. Far. dial
noise. Cotgrave. " A boy's clickets, flat bones CLINQUANT. Shining. (Fr.)
wherewith a pretty rattling noise is made/' CLINT. To clench, and hence, to finish, to com-
Miege. plete. Somerset.
(3) A latch-key. (A.-N.} According to Salop. GLINTS.
North. Crevices among bare lime-stone rocks.
Antiq. p. 361, "to fasten as with a link over
a staple." See cliketted, Piers Ploughman, CLIP. (1) To shear sheep. North,
p. 114. (2) To embrace. (A.-S.)
(4) A term applied to a fox when maris appetens. (3) To hold
Gent. Rec. ii. 76. dage. together
Salop. by means of a screw or ban-
CLICKETY-CLACK. The noise that iron pat- (4) To call to. North. This is merely a form of
tens make in walking. Var. dial. clepe> q. v.
CLICK-UP. A person, with a short leg, who in (5) To shorten. Craven.
walking makes a clicking noise. Line. (6) A blow, or stroke. East.
CLIDER. Goose-grass. Far. dial (7) To shave. Rider.
CLIELD. A child. Devon. CLIPPE. To cut. (A.«S.)
CLIFE. Clear; fine. (A.-N.} CLIPPER. A sheep-shearer. North.
CLIFFE. A rock. (A.-S.) CLIPPES. An eclipse.
CLIFT. A cleft, or opening of any kind, as the CLIPPINGS. Fragments ; broken victuals.
split of a pen, thefourchurein Cotgrave, &e. CLIPPING-THE-CHURCH. An old Warwick-
See Nomenclator, p. 7; Reliq. Antiq. ii. 78 ; shire custom on Easter Monday. The charity
Urry's Chaucer, p. 94, 1. 881. Clift, a cliff, children joined hand in hand formed a circle
Middleton, v. 405, and Moor's Suffolk Words. completely round each church. See Hone's
CLIFTY. Lively; active. North. Every-day Book, i. 431.
CLIGHTE. Closed; fastened together. See CLIPS. (1) Eclipsed. Lydgate. It is a substan-
Chester Plays, i. 115, and the list of obsolete tive in the Misfortunes of Arthur, p. 65 ;
words prefixed to Batman uppon Bartho- Lilly's Gallathea, ed. 1632, sig. R. i; Piers
lome, 1582. Ploughman, p. 377; Chron. Mirab. p. 93.
CLIGHTY. Stiff; clayey. Kent. 5349.
Clipsy, as if eclipsed, Rom. of the Rose,
CLIM. (1) To climb, i ar. dial. Drayton uses
this form in his Battaille of Agincourt, p. 30. (2) Shears ; scissors. Northumb.
" The waves to climme," ib. p. 5. (3) Pot-hooks. North.
(2) Clement. Forby gives the name to a kind of CLIPT-DINMENT. A shorn wether sheep ; a
nursery goblin. mean looking fellow. Cumb.
(3) To call, or challenge. (A.-N.) CLISHAWK. To steal. Line.
CLIMBER, To clamber. Tusser. Jennings, CLISH-CLASH. Idk discourse. North. Also
p. 115, has dimmer. called clish-ma-elashr and clisJi-ma-elaver.
CLIME. The ascent of a hill. See Holinshed, CLIT. (1) Stiff; eMyer, heavy. Swth. Also
Hist, of England, i. 38. heavy, hazy, applied to the state of the at-
CLIMP. (1) To steal. East. mosphere.
 CLO CLO
256
(2) Imperfectly fomented, applied to oread. 2) To throw. North.
Somerset. Clodded ; hard. A.-S.)
CLITCH. To stick ; to adhere ; to become thick, (4) A species of coal. West.
or glutinous. Devon. (5) The coarse part of the neck of an ox. See
CLIT-CLAT. A great talker. North. Ord. and Regulations, pp. 288, 296.
CLITE. (1) Clay ; mire. Kent. (6) To break clods. See Harrison's England, p.
(2) Goose-grass. Gerard marks this as obsolete, 233. Palsgrave has it in the opposite sensey
but it is in use in Oxfordshire at the pre- to form into clods.
sent day. CLODDER. To coagulate. Palsgrave.
(3) A wedge. Pr. Parv. CLODDY. Thick ; plump. Wilts.
CLITER. To stumble. North. CLODE. To clothe. (A.-S.)
CLITHE. The burdock. Gerard. And sche made Hercules so nice
Upon hire love, and so assote,
CLITHEREN. Goose-grass. Gerard. That he him clodeth in hire cote,
CLITPOLL. A curly head. Dorset. And sche in his was clothid ofte.
GLITTER-CLATTER. A great noise. Var . dial Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 7&
"I clytter, I make noyse as harnesse or CLODGE. A lump of clay. Kent.
peuter dysshes or any suche lyke thynges," CLODGER. The cover of a book. East.
Palsgrave.
GLITTERY. Changeable, stormy, applied to the " Closere" occurs in the Prompt. Parv. p. 83,
in the same sense.
weather. Hants.
CLODGY. Close made; plump. Hants.
CLITTY. Stringy ; lumpy, West. CLOD-HEAD. A stupid fellow. North.
CLIVE. (1) To cleave. Suffolk.
CLOD-HOPPER. A farmer's labourer.
(2) A cliff. (A.-S.) CLOD-MALL. A wooden hammer used for
C1IVER. (1) Goosegrass. Hants. breaking clods. Salop.
(2) A chopping-knife. East. CLODYS. Clothes. (A.-S.}
(3) Cliver-and-shiver, i. e. completely, totally, CLOFFEY. A great sloven. North.
Somerset.
CLIVERS. The refuse of wheat. East. CLOFFING. The plant hellebore.
CLIZE. A covered drain. Somerset. CLOFT. The jointure of two branches, or of a
branch with the trunk. North.
CLOAM. Earthenware. Devon. See Clobery's CLOFYD. Cleft; split. (A.-S.}
Divine Glimpses, 1659, p. 95. Clomer, a maker
of earthenware, ib. p. 33. CLOG. (1) To pickle, or prepare wheat for sow-
CLOB. Some rough material used for building ing. West.
cottages. Devon. (2) A sort of shoe, the upper part of strong hide
leather, and the sole of wood. See Towneley
CLOBB. A club. Eglamour, 308. Clobe-lome
club-weapon, Perceval, 2053. Mysteries, p. 313.
CLOCHE. To break into a blister. (A.-N.) (3) Any piece of wood fastened to a string for
So a canker uncleiie hitcfocAedtogedres. husbandry purposes.
MS. Laud. 656, f. 1, (4) An ancient sort of almanac formerly used in
Sweden and Denmark, made with notches and
CLOCHER. (1) A large cape or mantle. " The rude figures upon square sticks, still in use
greet clocher up for to bere," Lydgate's Minor among the meaner sort of people in Stafford-
Poems, p. 201. shire. Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033.
(2) A belfry. Pr. Parv. CLOGGY. Sticky. Var. dial.
CLOCK. (I) The noise made by a hen when CLOGSOME. Deep; dirty; adhesive. Also,
going to sit. heavy, dull, tiresome. Var. dial.
Lcef henne wen ho leith,
Looth wen ho clok seith. CLOGUE. To flatter. Sussex.
MS. Cott. Faust. B. vi. f. 91. CLOG- WHEAT. Bearded wheat. East.
(2) The downy head of the dandelion in seed. CLOINTER. To tread heavily. North.
North. CLOISTER-GARTH. The area inclosed by a
(3) A beetle. North. cloister. Davies's Ancient Rites, pp. 114, 117.
(4) A bell. (^..JV.) Any inclpsure was called a cloister. See
(5) A watch. In common use with writers of Chaucer, Cant. T. 15511.
the sixteenth century. CLOIT. A clown or stupid fellow. North.
(6) A kind of ornamental work worn on various CLOKARDE. A musical instrument mentioned
parts of dress, now applied exclusively to that in the Squyr of Lowe Degre, 1071.
on each side of a stocking. Palsgrave has, CLOKE. A claw, or clutch. See Towneley
" clocke of a hose," without the corresponding Myst. p. 324 ; Skeltou, i. 287.
French. JLOKKE. To clog, or hobble in walking. (A.-N.)
(7) A cloak. Robin Hood, i. 98. CLOM. To clutch. North.
CLOCK-DRESSING. A mode of obtaining CLOMBE. Climbed. (A.-S.} Ctfowfow, they
liquor on fictitious pretences. Craven. climbed, Tundate, p. 67. Cf. Rob. Glouc. p.
CLOCK- SEAVES. The black-headed bog-rush. 410.
239. dome, climbed, Drayton's Poems, p.
North.
CLOD. (1) To clothe. East. JLOME. To gutter, as a candle. North.
 257
CLO CLO
CLOMER. See Cloam. CLOTHE. The bed-clothes. Perceval, 1934.
CLOMP. To clump, or walk heavily. North. CLOT-HEAD. A blockhead. Var. dial
Hence complerton, one who walks heavily. CLOTH-OF-ESTATE. A canopy suspended ovei
CLOMSEN. To shrink or contract. (A.-N.} the place where the principal personages sat.
CLONGYN. Shrunk ; shrivelled. See Warner's Antiq. Culin. p. 99 ; Rutland
I may wofully wepe and wake Papers, p. 8 ; Eliz. of York, p. 66.
In clay tylle I be dongyn cold. CLOTTER. A clothier. Weber.
MS. Hart. 2252, f. 97- CLOTTING. A method of catching eels with
&LONKER. An icicle. Somerset worsted thread. West.
CLOOM. Clay or cement. Kennett. CLOUCH. To snatch or clutch. Line. The
CLOOR. A sluice. Northumb. substantive occurs in Piers Ploughman, and in
CLOOTH. Cloth. (A.-S.)
Topsell's Beasts, p. 269.
CLOOVIS. Gloves; gauntlets. CLOUD-BERRY. The ground mulberry. North.
CLOPE. A blow. (Germ.} From cloud, a hill. Staff.
CLOPLEYNTE. A complaint. (A.-N.} CLOUDE. A clod. Ritson.
So as je tolden here above CLOUE. A fruit or berry. (A.-N.)
Of murmur and dopleynte of love.
Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 47. CLOUGH. (1) A ravine, or narow glen. " Into
CHOPPING. Lame ; limping. Gorwo. a grisly clough," Sir Tristrem, p. 225. It
CLOSE. (1) An obscure lane. North. means a cliff in MS. Morte Arthure, f. 63.
(2) Clothes. Towneley Myst. p. 46. (2) The body of a tree, or where the main stem
divides into branches. Cumb.
(3) A farm-yard ; an enclosure of any kind.
far. dial (3) A wood. Lane.
(4) A public walk. /. Wight. CLOUGHY. Gaudily dressed. North.
CLOUNGE. Shrunk ; shrivelled. Elyot.
(5) Secret ; selfish, Var. dial
(6) To enclose, or fix minerals in metal. Palsgrave. CLOUR. (1) A lump, or swelling, h'orth.
CLOSE-BED. A press-bed. North. (2) Hollow ground, or a field. (A.-N.) " Bareyn
CLOSEDEN. Enclosed. Ritson. clowris" Lydgate's Minor Poems, p. 166.
CLOSE-FIGHTS. Things which are used to CLOUT. (1) A blow. Var. dial See Richard
shelter or conceal the men from an enemy in Goer de Lion, 768 ; Cov. Myst. p. 98 ; Sir
time of action. Isumbras, 619. Also a verb.
(2) " A Plimouth clout, i. e. a cane or staff,"
CLOSE-FISTED. Stingy ; mean. T'ar. dial MS. Sloaue 1946, f. 19.
CLOSE-GAUNTLET. A gauntlet with move-
able fingers. Meyrick, ii. 258. (3) A piece or fragment. (A.-S.)
CLOSE-HAND-OUT. Apparently a game of (4) To mend, or patch. Var. dial
guessing for money held in the hand. See (5) The mark fixed in the centre of the butts at
which archers shot for practice. Nares.
Kempe's Loseley Manuscripts, p. 113. CLOUTER. To do dirty work. North. Clowter,
CLOSER. An enclosure. (A.-N.) Palsgrave a cobbler, Prompt. Parv.
and Tusser have closyer and closier.
CLOUTERLY. Clumsy ; awkward. North.
CLOSH. (1) A Dutchman. South.
(2) The game of ninepins. It was prohibited CLOUT-NAILS. Nails used for fixing clouts,
by Edward IV. and Henry VIII. See Strutt, or small patches of iron or wood.
CLOVE. Eight pounds of cheese.
p. 271; Collier's Hist. Dram. Poet i. 36; CLOVEL. A large beam, extending across the
Hooper's
277. Early Writings, p. 393 ; Arch. xxvi. chimney in farm-houses. Devon.
CLOSURE. (1) A clencher. /. Wight. CLOVER-LAY. A field of clover recently
mown. Hants.
(2) An enclosure. See Holinshed, Hist. Eng- CLOVE-TONGUE. The black hellebore.
land, i.146.
(3) A gutter. North. CLOW.
History(1)ofA Imbanking,
floodgate. North.
1662, p. See
276. Dugdale's
CLOT. (1) Sameasc/o<2(6).
(2) A clod. North. " No clot in clay," Leg. (2) To scratch. Cumb.
Cathol. p. 2. See Black's Pen. Psalms, p. 52 ; '3) The clove-pink. East.
'4) To work
To hard.clouts.
nail with North.West.
Tundale, p. 115. A lump, Harrison's England,
p. 215. !6) A rock. (A.-S.)
(3) To clog. Topsell's Beasts, p. 271. These caitif Jewes dud not so now
(4) To toss about. North. Sendehim to seche in clif and cloto.
CLOTCH. To tread heavily. East. Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 106,
CLOTE. (1) The yellow waterlily. Chaucer has CLOWCHYNE. A clew of thread. Pr. Parv.
dote lefe, 16045, explained the leaf of the
burdock, although the present meaning best CLOWCLAGGED. "Thur yowes are clow-
suits the context. See Gerard, p. 674, D. claffg'd, they skitter faire," Yorksh. Dial.
17
Lioten, Walter de Bibblesworth, MS. Arundel, CLOWDER. To daub. Line.
220.
p. 43.
CLOWDYS. Clods. Cov, Myst. p, 402.
(2) A wedge. Pr. Par.
CLOTTRED. Clotted. (A.-S.} CLO WEN. (I) To bustle about. Cumb.
CLOTH. Arras. Middleton, i. 445.
(2) Cleaved j cut down. Weber. '
 CLU 258 CNO
CI OWK. To scratch. North.
CLUNG. (1) Shrivelled ; shrunk. " Hee is dung
CLOWSOME. Soft ; clammy. North. or hide-bound," Hollyband, 1593.
CLOWT-CLOWT. " A kinde of playe called (2) Heavy ; doughy. Var. dial.
clowt clowt, to beare about, or my hen hath (3) Empty ; emaciated. Craven.
layd," Nomenclator, p. 299. (4) Daubed. Craven.
CLOY. To prick in shoeing a horse. See Accloyd; (5) Tough ; dry. East.
Lambarde's Perambulation, 1596, p. 511. (6) Soft ; flabby ; relaxed. Norf.
Also, to nail or spike up, as artillery. (7) Strong. ToBerks.
CLOYER. A person who intruded on the profits CLUNGE. crowd, or squeeze. South.
of young sharpers by claiming a share. An old CLUNGED. Stopped. Craven.
CLUNGY. Adhesive. North.
cant term. Cloyners, Bale's Kynge Johan, p. 69, CLUNK. To swallow. Devon.
CLOYS SE. Clothes. Towneky Myst.
CLOZZONS. Talons ; clutches. North. CLUNTER. (1) To walk clumsily. NortJi.
CLUB-BALL. A game at ball, played with a (2) A clod of earth. North.
straight club. Strutt, p. 104. (3) To turn lumpy, as some tilings do in boiling.
CLUBBE-WEED. Matfelon. Arch. xxx. 405. Yorfcsh.
CLUBBEY. A kind of game, something like CLUNTERLY. Clumsy. Craven.
doddart.
CLUBBISHLY. Roughly. Hall, Henry VIII. CLUPPE.
CLUSE. (1)ToA embrace.
cell. (Lat.)Rob.Glouc. p. 14. '
f. 140.
(2) A flood-gate. Benumbed.
CLUSSOMED. North. Chesh.
CLUBID. Hard 5 difficult. Rel. Ant. i. 8.
CLUB-LAW. Equal division. Kcnnett. CLUSSUM. Clumsy. Chesh.
CLUB-MEN. An irregular force of armed men CLUSTERE. To harden. (A.-N.)
who rose in the West of England in 1645, CLUSTERFIST. A clodhopper. See Cotgrave,
about the time of the battle of Naseby. See in v. Casois, Escogriffe, Lourdaut.
GLUT. To strike a blow. North.
Wright's Pol. Ballads, p. 2.
CLUBS. An old cry in any public affray. It CLUTCH. (1) Close. Sussex.
was the popular cry to call forth the London (2) To cluck. South.
prentices. (3) A fist. Var. dial. Clutch-fist, a very large fist.
CLUBSTER. A stoat. North. Also called a (4) A covey of partridges. Also, a brood of
clubtail. chickens. East.
CLUCCHE. To clutch, or hold. (A.-S.} See (5) To seize ; to grasp. Shafc.
CLUTE. A hoof. North.
Piers Ploughman, p. 359 ; Reliq. Antiq. ii. 211.
CLUCK. Slightly unwell. South. CLUTHER. (1) In heaps. North.
CLUB-NUT. Two nuts grown into one. North. (2) A great noise. Kent.
CLUFF. To strike ; to cuff. North. GLUTS. Wedges. North.
CLUKES. Clutches. North. CLUTT. AsmaUcloth. (A.-S.)
Th€ mytans clutt forgate he no?t.
CLULINGS. The clew-lines of a vessel. MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 483 f. 51.
CLUM. (1) Daubed. Yortoh. CLUTTER. (1) A bustle ; confusion, disorder.
(2) Climbed. North.
(3) To handle roughly. West. See Cotton's Works, 1734, p. 13.
(4) To rake into heaps. Devon. (2) " Grumeau de sang, a clot, or clutter of con-
GLUME-BUZZ A. An earthen pan. Devon. gealed bloud," Cotgrave. " Cluttered bloud,"
Holinshed, Hist. Engl. p. 94.
CLUMMERSOME. Dirty ; sluttish. Devon.
CLUMP. (1) To tramp. Var. dial. (3) A plough-coulter. South.
CLUTTER-FISTED. Having large fists. See
(2) A lump, or mass. North. Armin's Nest of Ninnies, p. 27.
(3) Idle ; lazy. Line. ILUTTERY. Changeable. Var. dial.
CLUMPER. A large piece. Somerset. CLUUTTS. Feet. Cumb.
CLUMPERS. Thick, heavy shoes. East. !LY. Goose-grass. Somerset.
CLUMPISH. Awkward; unwieldy. North. ILYKYTH. Noises abroad.
CLUMPS. (1) Twilight. East. Then fleyth sche forthe and bygynnyth to chydc,
(2) Idle; lazy; clownish. Also plain-dealing, And clyhyth forthe in hure langage,
honest. North. "Wat falshode ys in maryage.
(3) Benumbed with cold. North. Cotgrave has Cower, MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 2.
this word, in v. Entomli. :LYNE. To incline. (A.-N.)
CLUMPY. (1) A dunce. South. 1LYPPES. An eclipse. Palsgrave.
(2) Aggregated ; adhered. Devon. iLYTENISH. Sickly ; unhealthy. Wilts
CLUNCH. (1) Close-grained hard limestone. :LYVEN. Rocks. KyngAlis. 5429.
Also close, applied to the temper, or the CNAFFE. A lad, or boy.
weather. North. "!NAG. A knot. North.
(2) A thump, or blow. East. iNOBLE. Knob ; tuft. Arch. xxx. 405.
(3) A clod-hopper. North. Cotgrave has this INOPWORT. The ball-weed.
word, in v. Taitte-bacontEscogrifffe. WOUTBERRY. The dwarf-mulberry. There
CLUNCHY, Thick, and clumsy. East. is a tradition in Lancashire that King Canute
 259
COA COB

or Cnout being reduced to great extremity was COATE. A cottage. NortJi. Apparently a/«r-
preserved by eating tbis fruit. nace in Leland's Itin. iv. 111.
CNOWE. To know or recognize. (A.-S.) COATHE. (1) To swoon, or faint. Line.
He was so beseyu with peyne a thro we, (2) The rot in sheep. Somerset,
That his frendes coude him not cnowe. COATHY. (1) To throw. Hants.
MS.Addit. 11307, f-69.
(2) Surly ; easily provoked. Norf.
CNYT. Knit ; tied. (^.-£) See Wright's Seven COAT-OF-PLATE. A coat of mail made of
Sages, p. 24. several pieces of metal attached to each other
CO. (1) To call. North. by wires. Meyrick.
(2)W.Thede Bibblesworth,
neck. (A.-N.) Rel. " Tbe
Ant. co, la chouue" COB. (1) A blow. Var. dial Also a verb, to
ii. 78. strike or pull the ear, or hair.
(3) Come! Devon. (2) To throw. Derbysh.
COACH-FELLOW. A horse employed to draw (3) A basket for seed. North.
in the same carriage with another. Hence, (4) Marl mixed with straw, used for walls. West.
metaphorically, a person intimately connected (5) A leader, or chief. Chesh. To cob, to outdo,
with another, generally applied to people in or excel.
low life. Ben Jon son has coach-horse.
(6) A small hay-stack. Oxon.
COACH-HORSE. A dragon-fly. East.
COAD. Unhealthy. Exmoor. (7) A sea-gull. Var. dial.
(8)collie.
A stone or kernel. East. Also called a
COADJUVATE. A coadjutor. This word oc-
curs in the Description of Love, Svo. 1620.
COAGULAT. Curdled. (Lot.) (9) Clover-seed. East.
COAH. Heart or pith. North. (10) A young herring. Florio seems to make it
COAJEB. A shoemaker. Escmoor. synonymous with the miller's-thumb, in v.
Bozzolo, and Grose gives cobbo as a name for
COAKEN. To strain in vomiting. that fish.
COAKS. Cinders. York&h.
COAL-BRAND. Smut in wheat. (11) A chuff, or miser ; a wealthy person. See
the State Papers, ii. 228, and Nash, quoted by
COAL-FIRE. A parcel of fire-wood set out for Nares. In the following passage it seems to
sale or use, containing when burnt the quan- mean a person of superior rank or power.
tity of a load of coals, Susteynid is not by personis lowe,
COAL-HARBOUR. A corruption of Cold Har- But cobbis grete this riote sustene.
bour, an ancient mansion in Dowgate Ward, Occteve, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 267.
London, frequently alluded to by old writers. (12) A Spanish coin, formerly current in Ireland,
COAL-HOOD. (1) A bullfinch. West. worth about 4s. 8d.
(2) A wooden coal-scuttle. East. (13) A lump, or piece, Florio.
COAL-RAKE . A rake used for raking the ashes COBBER. A great falsehood. North.
of a fire or oven.
COBBIN. A piece or slice of an eel or any
COAL-SAY. The coal-fish. North. other fish.
COAL-SMUT. A fossil or efflorescence found
on the surface of coal. COBBLE. (1) A round stone. North. " Good
COALY. (1) A lamplighter. Newe. colled stonys," Torrent of Portugal, p. 55.
(3) A species of cur, famous for its sagacity. "Cobling stones," Cotton's Works, 1734,
North. p. 330. Round coals are also called cobbles.
COALY-SHANGIE. A riot, or uproar. North. (2) To hobble. Var. dial
COAME. To crack. Googe. (3) An icicle. Kent.
COANDER. A corner. Exmoor. (4) Cobble-dick-longerskin, a land of apple so
called.
COAP, A fight. North.
COARSE. Bad, applied to the weather. Var. (5) Cobble-trees,
ter bars. North.
double swingle trees, or splin-
dial
COBBLER'S-MONDAY. Any Monday through-
COARTE. To compel, or force. SeeAshmole's out the year. North.
Theat, Chem. Brit. p. 276.
Dyves by dethe was stray tely coartid COBBS. Testiculi. Nort7i.
Of his lyf to mate a sodeyne translacion. COBBY. Brisk; lively; proud; tyrannical;
MS. Laud. 416, f. 101. headstrong. " Cobby and crous, as a new
COASAY. A causeway. Tundale, p. 33. wash'd louse." North.
COASH. To silence. North. COB-CASTLE. A satirical name for any build-
COAST. To approach, or pursue. ing which overtops those around it, more usu-
COASTING. A courtship. Shak. ally applied to a prison. North.
COAT. (1) The hair of cattle, or wool of sheep. COB-COALS. Large pit-coals. North.
Var. dial. COB-IRONS. Andirons. Also, the irons by
(2) A petticoat. Cumb. Any gown was formerly which the spit is supported. East.
called a coat, as in Thoms's Anec. and Trad. COB-JOE. A nut at the end of a string. Derbysh.
p. 94. COBKEY. A punishment by bastinado in.
COAT-CARDS. Court-cards, and tens. See flicted on offenders at sea.
Arch. viii. 150, 163 ; Florio, ed. 1611, p. £ My L. Foster,, being a lytle dronk, went up tt»
DuBartas, p, 593. the mayn-top tofet down a rebel, and twenty at the
 COG 260 COG
Vast after hym, wher they gave hyra a cabTcey upon (8) A conical heap of hay. Also, to put hay into
the cap of the mayn-mast. MS. Addit. 5008. cocks, Tusser, p. 168.
COBLE. A peculiar kind of boat, very sharp in (9) To swagger impudently. Cocking, Stani-
the bow, and flat-bottomed, and square at the hurst's Descr. of Ireland, p. 35.
stern, navigated with a lug-sail. " Fakene COCKAL. A game played with four huckle-
theire coblez," MS. Morte Arthure, f. 61. bones. See MS. Ashmole 786, f. 162 ; No-
COBLER'S-DOOR. In sliding, to knock at the menclator, p. 293.
cobler's door is to skim over the ice with one COCK-A-MEG. Apiece of timber fastened on
foot, occasionally giving a hard knock on it the reeple in a coal mine to support the roof.
with the other. COCK-AND-MWILE. A jail. West.
COBLER'S-LOBSTER. A cow-heel. Camb. COCKAPERT. Saucy. Var. dial
COBLOAF. A crusty uneven loaf with^a round COCK-APPAREL. Great pomp or pride in small
top to it. Loaves called cobbs are still made matters. Line. Now obsolete.
in Oxfordshire. See Edwards's Old English COCKARD. A cockade.
Customs, p. 25. Aubrey mentions an _old COCKATRICE. A familiar name for a courte-
Christmas game called cob-loaf-stealing. zan, very commonly used in our early drama-
Shakespeare seems to use the term metapho- tists. See Heywood's Royall King, 1637,
COBNOBBLE.rical y. A" cobloafe
To beat. or Var.
bunne,"
dial Minsheu. sig. F. i. ; Peele's Jests, p. 18 ; Tarlton's Jests,
COB-NUT. A game which consists in pitching COCK-BOAT. A small boat, sometimes one that
at a row of nuts piled up in heaps of four, waits upon a larger vessel. They were for-
three at the bottom and one at the top of each p. 9. merly common in the Thames, and used
heap. All the nuts knocked down are the with oars.
property of the pitcher. The nut used for COCK-BRAINED. Fool-hardy; wanton. Pals-
pitching is called the cob. It is sometimes grave has this term, and it also occurs in the
played on the top of a hat with two nuts, Two Lancashire Lovers, 1640, p. 101.
when one tries to break the nut of the other COCK-BRUMBLE. Rubus fructicosus, Lin.
with his own, or with two rows of hazel nuts COCK-CHAFER. A May bug. Var. dial.
strung on strings through holes bored in the COCK-CHICK. A young cock. North.
middle. The last is probably the more modern COCK-CROWN. Poor pottage. North.
game, our first method being clearly indicated COCKED. Turned up. Var. dial. Metaphori-
by Cotgrave, in v. Chastelet, " the childish cally used for affronted.
game cobnut, or (rather) the throwing of a COCKEL-BREAD. "Young wenches," says
ball at a heape of nuts, which done, the Aubrey, " have a wanton sport which they call
thrower takes as many as he hath hit or scat- moulding of cockle-bread, viz. they get upon
tered." Itis also alluded to in Florio, ed. a table-board, and then gather up their knees
1611, pp.1655, 88, p.333; and their coates with their hands as high as
Puerilis, 322. Clarke's Phraseojogia they can, and then they wabble to and fro, as
COB-POKE. A bag carried by gleaners for re- if they were kneading of dowgh, &c." See
ceiving the cobs or broken ears of wheat. further particulars in Thorns' Anec. and Trad,
COB-STONES. Large stones. North. p. 95. I question whether the term cockel-
COB-SWAN. A very large swan. Jonson. bread was originally connected with this in-
COB-WALL, A wall composed of straw and delicate custom. Cocille mele is mentioned
clay, or cob (4). in an old medical receipt in MS. Lincoln A. i.
COBWEB. Misty. Norf. Drayton compares
clouds to cobweb lawn, a thin transparent COCKER. 17, f- 304.
(1) To alter fraudulently; to gloss
lawn. over anything. South.
COCHEN. The kitchen. (^.-S.) (2) To indulge, or spoil. Var. dial. This is a
COCHOURE.
He makyth me to swelle both flesshe and veyne, very common archaism. " So kokered us nor
And kepith me low lyke a cochottre. made us so wanton," More's Supplycacyon of
MS, Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 46. Soulys, sig. L. ii.
COCK. (1) A common mode of vulgar sa- '3) To crow, or boast. North.
lutation. *)Anecdotes
A cock.fighter.
(2) The needle of a balance. See Cotgrave, in and Trad.Var.
p. 47dial See Towneley
; eoblcer, Thoms's
v. Languette. Myst. p. 242.
(3) To walk lightly or nimbly about, applied to a (5; To rot. Norf.
child. North. COCKEREL. A young cock. See Marlowe, ii.
(4) A piece of iron with several notches fixed at 44 ; Cotgrave, in v. Cochet, Hestoudeau;
the end of the plough-beam, by which the Harrison's Descr. of England, p. 133.
plough is regulated. COCKERER. A wanton. Cotgrave.
(5) A cock-boat. "Leape into the coc&e" COCKERS. A kind of rustic high shoes, or half-
Hoffman, 1631, sig. C. i. boots, fastened with laces or buttons, Old
stockings without feet are also so called.
(6) To hold up. Lane.'
(7) To contend ? See Holinshed, Chron. Ireland, North. See Percy's Reliqnes, p. 80 ; Piers
p. 90 j "Wright's Pol. Songs, p. 153. i Ploughman, pp, 120, 513. Rims of iron round
 coc 261 COC
wooden shoes are called cokers in Cum- acersa, vineohts," IMoet, 1552. Forby has
berland. cock-farthing in a similar sense, a term of en-
COCKET. (1) " To joyne or fasten in building, dearment used to a little boy. " To be dan-
as one joyst or stone is cocketted within ano- dlyd any longer uppon his father's knee, or
ther," Thomasii Diet. 1644. to be any longer taken for his father's cockney,
(2) Swaggering ; pert. Coles. Kennett explains or minyon, or darlyng," Palsgrave's Aco
it, brisk, airy. " Not too loud nor cocket" lastus, 1540. The veracious Tusser says, p.
Rape of Lucrece, p. 44. See Cotgrave, in v. 276, " some cockneys with cocking are made
Herr. very fools;" and according to Dekker, Knight's
(3) A docquet. Cotgrave. Conjuring, p. 29, the term is derived from the
(4) Cocket bread was the second kind of best cockering or indulgent mothers. A cockney
bread. CoweL was also a person who sold fruit and greens,
COCKEY. A common sewer. Norf. qui vendit collibia, Prompt. Parv. p. 281.
COCK-EYE. A squinting eye. Var. dial. Dicitur etiam collibista qui vendit cottibia,
COCK-FEATHER. The feather which stood up- Joan, de Janua. The word is also stated to
on the arrow when it was rightly placed upon signify a little cook, but I find no certain au-
the string, perpendicularly above the notch. thority for such an interpretation. It was
Nares. frequently used as a term of contempt, as in
COCK-GRASS. Darnel. Cambr. Chaucer, Cant. T. 4206 ; Hall's Poems, 1646,
CQCK-HANNELL. A house-cock. Huloet. repr. p. 28 ; Twelfth Night, iv. 1. Some writers
COCKHEAD. That part of a mill which is fixed trace the term with much probability to the
into a stave of the ladder on which the hop- imaginary land of Cokaygne, so curiously de-
per rests. scribed in the well-known poem printed by
COCKHEADS. Meadow knobweed. North. Hickes. Florio has, " Cocugna, as Cucagna,
COCK-HEDGE. A quickset hedge. lubbarlandj" and a ballad in the Roxburgh e
COCK-HOOP. A bullfinch. collection is entitled, " An Invitation to Lub-
COCK-HORSE. To ride a cock-horse, to pro- berland, the land of Cocaigne." See Cata-
mise children a ride. Harrison, Descr. of logue of B. H. Bright's Library, 1845, p. 26.
England, p. 235, uses the term for a child's To these the lines quoted by Cainden, in \v hich
rocking-horse. " Cockhorse peasantry," Mar- the " King of Cockeney" is mentioned, afford
lowe, iii. 412, upstarts. See Cotgrave, in v. a connecting link, and the modern meaning of
Cheval. In some places, riding a cock-horse cockney, one born in Cockaigne, or Lubber-
is applied to two persons on the same horse. land, a burlesque name for London, seems to
COCKING. Cockflghting. North. See the be clearly deduced. The King of the Cockneys
Plumpton Corr. p. 251. was a character in the Christmas festivities at
COCKISH. Wanton. North. Lincoln's Inn in 1517, Brand's Pop. Antiq. i.
COCKLE. (1) Agrostemna githago, Lin. Cf. 295 ; and Fuller tells us that a person who was
Harrison's Descr. of England, p. 170. Qucedam absolutely ignorant of rural matters was called
herba qu& vocaiur vulgo cokkylle, MS. Bib. a cockney, which is most probably the mean-
Reg. ]2B.i.f.30. ing of the term in Lear, ii. 4, aud is still re-
And as the cockille with hevenly dew so dene tained. What Bow-bells have to do with it is
Of kynde engendreth white perlis rounde. another question. In the London Prodigal,
Lydgate, MS. Sec. Antiq. 134, f, 3.
p. 15, a country fellow says to another, " A and
(2) To cry like a cock. Cumb. well sed coc&nell, and boe-bell too." See also
(3) To wrinkle. Var. dial. Beaumont and Fletcher, iv. 186, " Bow-bell
(4) A stove used for drying hops. Kent. suckers," jL e. sucking children born within
(5) To " cry cockles," to be hanged. the sound of Bow-bell. — But a coabnellis pro-
(6) The cockles of the heart ? Grose gives a perly a young cock, as appears from Holly
phrase involving this term. baud's Bictionarie, 1593 ; which also seems
COCKLEART. Day-break. Devon. Sometimes to be the meaning of cokeney in Piers Plough-
called cock-leet. man, p. 134, and, as Mr. Wright remarks, in
COCKLED. Enclosed in a shell. Shall. Heywood's Proverbs, but a lean chicken was
COCKLEil. A seller of cockles. North. so called, as appears from a passage quoted in
COCKLE-STAIRS. Winding stairs. Malone's Shakespeare, x. 117. Florio men-
COCKLETY. Unsteady. North. tions cocJcanegs iii v. Caccherelli, a*nd cock-
COCKLING. Cheerful. North. ney's-eggs may not be therefore so great an
COCKLOCHE. A simple fellow. (#%) absurdity as is commonly supposed. la Devon-
COCKLOFT. A garret. Hence a burlesque shire cockernony is the name of a small cock's
phrase for the scull. egg, which if hatched is said to produce a
COCKMARALL. A little fussy person. Line. cockatrice or something exceedingly noxious.
" Cockmedainty," in Brockett, p. 75. A cock's egg, according to Forby, is an abor-
COCKMATE. A companion. Lilly. tive egg without a yolk. The absurd tale of
COCKNEY. A spoilt or effeminate boy. "Puer the cock neighing > related by Minsheu and tra-
in deliciis matris nutritus, Anglice zkokenay" ditionally remembered, may deserve a passing
notice,
MS, Bibl. Reg. 12 B. i. f. 14. " Cockeney,
 COD 262 coa
A young heytc, or cockney, that is his mothers IODDLE. To indulge or spoil with warmth.
darling, if liee have playde the waste-good at the Also to parboil, as in Men Miracles, 1656, p.
limes of the court, OT about London, falles in a 43. To coddle-up, to recruit.
she Small ; very little. North.
quarrelling humor with his fortune, because CODDY.
made him not king of the Indies.
Nash's Pierce Penihsse, 1592. CODE. Cobbler's wax. " Bepayntyd with sow-
ter code" Digby Myst. p. 35.
COCK-0-MY-TH. UMB. A littleth. diminutive per- CODGER. An eccentric old person ; a miser.
son Nor ,
COCK-PENNY. A customary present made to Codger' s-end, the end of a shoemaker's thread.
Codgery, any strange mixture or composition.
the schoolmaster at Shrovetide by the boys, in COD-GLOVE. A thick hedge-glove, without
some of the schools in the North, as an in- fingers. Devon.
crease ofsalary. See Brockett, and Carlisle on CODINAC. A kind of conserve.
Charities, p. 272. CODLINGS. Green peas,
COCK-PIT. The pit of a theatre. Also, a place CODLINS. Limestones partially burnt. North.
used for cock-fighting.
CODPIECE. An artificial protuberance to the
COCK QUEAN. A beggar or cheat. (Fr.) breeches, well explained by its name, and
COCK- ROACH . A black-beetle. "West. often used as a pincushion ! Also spelt cod-
COCKS. (1) Cockles. Devon.
(2) A puerile game with the tough tufted stems piss. See Howel, sect, xxxiii. ; Dekker's
of the ribwort plantain. One holds a stem, and Knights Conjuring, p. 36 ; Thynne's Debate,
the other strikes on it with another. p. 64 ; Cotgrave, mv.JSsgwllette; Middleton,
iii. 81. The same name was given to a similar
COCK'S-FOOT. Columbine. Gerard. article worn by women about the breast.
COCK'S-HEADLING. A game where boys CODS. Bellows. North.
mount over each other's heads. CODS-HEAD. A foolish fellow. North.
COCKS'-HEADS. Seeds of rib-grass. CODULLE. A cuttle-fish. Pr. Parv.
COCKSHUT. A large net, suspended between COD-WARE. Pulse. Tusser, p. 37.
two poles, employed to catch, or shut in, COE. (1) An odd old fellow. Norf.
woodcocks, and used chiefly in the twilight.
Hence perhaps it came to be used for twilight, (2) A small house near a mine, used by the work-
men. North.
but Kennett says, "when the woodcocks shoot COF. Quickly. (//.-A)
or take their flight in woods." Florio has the Forth a wente he the strem,
latter sense exclusively in p. 79, ed. 1611. Til a com to Jurisalem •
To the patriark a wente cof,
COCK'S-NECKLING. To come down cock's And al his lif he him schrof.
neckling, i. e. head foremost. Wilts. Benes ofHamtmin, p. 77«
COCKSPUR. A small shell-fish. See Brome's
Travels, ed. 1700, p. 275. COFE. A cavern, or cave. (A.-S.)
COCK-SQUOILING. Throwing at cocks with COFERER. A chest-maker.
sticks, which are generally loaded with lead. COFF. To chop, or change. Oxon.
West. Sir Thomas More calls the stick a COFFE. A cuff. (^.-£)
cockstele. COFFIN. The raised crust of a pie. Also a
COCKSURE. Quite certain. Var. dial conical paper for holding spices, &c. or a
COCKWARD. A cuckold. basket or chest. See Florio, pp. 107, 473;
COCKWEB. A cob-web. North. Warner's Antiq. Culin. p. 65 ; Ord. and Beg.
COCK-WEED. Same as cockle (1). p. 442 ; Nomenclator, p. 259 ; Langtoft, p.
COCKY. Pert ; saucy. Var. dial. 135 ; Prompt. Parv. p. 128 ; Wickliife's New
COCKYBABY. The arum. /. Wight. Test. p. 18.
COCKYGEE. A rough sour apple. West. COFRE. A chest. (J.-N.} Cofrene, to place
in a coffer.
COCOWORT. The shepherd's-purse, lot.
COCTYN. Scarlet, or crimson. Bauer. CO FT. Bought. Northumb,
COCUS. Cooks. (A.-N.} COFYN. The shell, or rind.
COD. (1) A pillow or cushion. North. See COG. (1) To entice. Sussex.
Towneley Mysteries, p. 84. (2) To suit or agree. East.
Faire coddis of silke (3J The short handle of a scythe.
Chalked whyte als the raylke. (4) A wooden dish, or paiL North.
MS. Lincoln A. 1. 17, f. 13G.
(5) To He or cheat. Also, to load a die. " To
A bag.
(2)little (A.-S.) In Elizabeth's time the oogge a dye," Cotgrave,
COG-BELLS. in v. Casser.
Icicles. Kent.
bag or purse used for perfumes was so
called. COGER. A luncheon. South.
(3) The neck of a net, the bag at the end in COGFOIST. A cheat, or sharper.
which it is usual to place a stone to sink It. COGGE. A cock-boat. (A.-S.)
Than he coveres his cagge, and caches one anKere.
(4) A pod. See Ray's Diet Tril. p. 7 ; Cotgrave, Morte Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f. 91
in v. Ers, Goussu; Becon, p. 450.
(5) A large seed-basket. Oxon, COGGERIE. Falsehood; cheating.
COD.BAIT. The caddis worm. North. GOGGLE. (1) To be shaky. Var. dial
COD-BERB. A pillow-case. (2) A cock-boat. North.
C ODDER. A pea-gatherer. Midos. (3) A small round stone. Line.
 263
COK COL
(4) To harrow. North. COKYSSE. A female cook.
COGHEN. To cough. (A.-S.) Hyt is now hard to deserne and know
COGMEN, Dealers in coarse cloth. A tapster, a cok?/sse, cr an ostelars wyf,
Prom a gentylwoman, yf they stond arow,
COGNITION. Knowledge ; information. (Lat,) For who shall be fresshest they ymagyn and stryf.
COG- WARE. A kind of worsted cloth. MS, Laud. 416, f. 74,
COHIBITOIL Ahinderer. Hall
COHORTED. Incited ; exhorted. COL. (1) Charcoal. (A.-S.)
COHWE. To cough. (A.-S.) (2) To strain. North.
COIGNE. The corner stone at the external COLAGE. A college. See Hardyng's Chron.
if. 87, 216 ; Tundale, p. 71.
All suche executours specyally I bytake,
angletheofcoygne
also a "building.
or corner(A.-N.) " farsura
of an house or walleis That fals be unto hym that may not speke ne go,
wherat men dooe turne," Elyot. Unto the grete colage of the fyndis blake.
MS. Laud. 416, f. 95.
COIL. (1) A hen-coop. North.
(2} A tumult, or bustle. COLBERTAIK A kind of lace mentioned in
(3) A lump, or swelling. North. Holme's Academy of Armory, 1 688.
(4) To beat, or thrash. COLD. (1) Could ; knew, Percy.
COILE. To choose, or select. (A.-N.} Also, (2) To Hegrow
to strain through a cloth. was cold.
aferd, his(A.-S.)
hert gan to cold,
To se this marvelous thyng to-for his bed.
COILERS. That part of a cart-horse's harness MS. Laud. 416, f 63.
which is put over Ms rump and round his
haunches to hold back the cart when going (3) Cold-rosi, \. e. nothing to the point or pur-
down-hill.
COILET. A stallion. (A.-N.} (4) Sober; serious.
COLD-CHILL. Anague-fit. jEfctf.
COILONS. Testiculi. (A.-N.) pose.
COLD-COMFORT. Bad news. Xorth.
COILTH. A hen-coop. North. COLDER. Refuse wheat. East.
COINDOM. A kingdom. (A.-N.) COLD-FIRE. A laid fire not lighted.
COINE. A quince. (A.-N.) COLDHED. Coldness. (A.-S.)
COINTE. Neat ; trim ; curious ; quaint ; cun- COLDING. Shivering:. Chesh.
ning. (A.-N.) COLD-LARD. A pudding made of oatmeal and
COINTESE. A stratagem. (A.-N.) suet. North.
COISE. Chief ; master. Cumb. "Coisy," ex- COLD-PIE. To give a cold pie, or cold pig, to
cellent, choice, Hartshorne's Met. Tales, p. 11 8. raise a sluggard in the morning by lighted
COISTERED. Inconvenienced. (Fr.) paper, cold water, and other methods.
COISTREL, An inferior groom. See Holin- COLD-PIGEON. A message.
shed, Hist. Scotland, pp. 89, 127. Originally, COLD-SHEAR. An inferior iron.
one who carried the arms of a knight.
COISTY. Dainty. North. COLE. (1) Pottage. North.
COIT. (1) To toss the head. East. (2) Sea-kale. South.
(2) To throw. North. " If you coit a stone," (3) Cabbage. (A.-N.) " Cole cabes," Elyot
in v. £rassica. See Ord, and Reg. p. 426.
Cotton's Works, ed. 1734, p. 326. See Anec. (4) To put into shape. North.
and Trad. p. 12.
COITING-STONE. A quoit. (5) To cool. Oaon. " Lete hir cole hir bodi
COITURB. Coition. TqpselL thare," Leg. Cath, p. 93.
COKAGRYS- A dish in ancient cookery, de- 6) A colt Weber.
7) The neck. (A.-N.)
COKE. scribed inWarner's
(1) Antiq. Culin.
To cry peccavi. North.p. 66. " (8) A species of gadus.
COLEMAN-HEDGE. A common prostitute.
(2) To pry about. Sussex. COLE-PROPHET. A false prophet, or cheat.
(3) A cook. (Lat.) COLER. A collar. (A.-N.) See Rutland
COKEDRILL. A crocodile. Weber. Maun-
devile has cokodrilles, p. 321. Papers, p. 7 ; Eeliq. Antiq. i 41.
CO KEN. To choak. North. COLERIE. Eye-salve. (Lat.)
COLERON. Doves. Chron. Vilodun. p. 32.
COKER. (1) A reaper. Warw. Originally a COLE STAFF. A strong pole, on which men
charcoal maker who comes out at harvest- carried a burden between them.
time.
COLET. The acolyte, the fourth of the minor
(2) To sell by auction. South. orders among Roman Catholic priests.
COKES. A fool. Coles. See Cotgrave, in v. COLFREN. Doves. Rob. Glouc. p. 190
Effemine, Enfournert Fol, Lambin. More cor- COLJSANCE. A badge or device.
rectly perhaps, a person easily imposed upon. COLKE, The core. North.
COKEWOLD, A cuckold. (A.-N.) For the erthe y-likned may be
COKIN. A rascal. (A.-N.) To an appel upon a tree,
Quath Arthour, thou hethen cokin, The whiche in myddes hath a coljce,
Wende to thi d&vel Apolin. As hath an eye Jin myddes a yolke.
Arthvw and Merlin, p. 236, Hampoie, MS. Addit. 11305, f . 98,
COKYRMETE. Clay. Pr* Paw. Correspond- COLL. (1) To embrace, or clasp.
ing to the Spanish tqpia. (2) To run about idly. North.
 COM
COL 2(54
COLLAR, (1) Soot, Var.dial. "All his co/- matter," Palsgrave. To fear no colouis, to
fear no enemy.
low and his soot," Cotton's Works, ed. 1734,
p. 190. COLPHEG. To beat, or buffet. Nares.
(2) Smut in wheat. Kent. COLPICE. A leaver. Wane.
(3) To entangle. North. COLRE. Choler. (A.-N.)
The fyre of his condicion
(4)such collar the mag, to throw a coit -with
To precision Appropreth the complexion,
as to surround the plug. Whiche in a man is colre hote.
COLLAR-BALL. A light ball used by children Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 196.
to play with. East.
COLSH. Concussion. North.
COLLAR-BEAM. The upper beam in a barn,
or other building, COLT. (1) To ridge earth. South. A bank
that falls down is said to colt in.
COLLAR-COAL. Same as collar (1).
COLLARD. Colewort. East. (2) To cheat. An old cant term.
COLLATION. A conference. (A.-N.) An apprentice. West.
(4) A new comer, who is required to pay a for-
COLLAUD. To unite in praising. (Lat.) Col- feit called colt-ale.
lawdid. Dial. Great. Moral, p. 114.
(5) A small piece of wood, sometimes found
COLLATES. A kind of broth. Huloet. loose inside a tree.
COLLECTION. A conclusion or consequence. (6) A third swarm of bees in the same season.
Or perhaps sometimes observation.
COLLEGE. An assembly of small tenements (7) To crack, as timber. Warw.
COLTEE. To be skittish. Devon. Chaucer
having a common entrance from the street.
Somerset. has coltish, and Huloet coltitche.
COLLER-EGGS/ New laid eggs. North. COLT-PIXY. A fairy. West. The fossil echini
COLLET. The setting which surrounds the are called colt-pixies' heads. To beat down
stone of a ring. Some article of apparel worn apples is to colepixy in Dorset.
round the neck was also so called. See Du COLUMBINE. Dove-like, (lat.)
Bartas, p. 370. COLYER. Delicious. North.
COLLET. (1) Soot. Var. dial. Hence cottied, COLYERE. A dove. (^f.-£)
blackened, as in Shakespeare. COM. Came. North. Also a substantive,
(2) Butchers* meat. North. coming or arrival.
(3) A blackbird. Somerset. COMAND. Commanded. Ritson.
COLLIER. A seller of coals or charcoal. A COMAUNDE. Communed. Warkworth.
little black insect is also so called. COMB. (1) A valley. Var. dial See Holm-
COLLING. An embrace. (A.-N.) shed, Hist. Ireland, p. 169.
COLLOCK. A great pail North. (2) A sharp ridge. North.
COLLOGUE. To confederate together, gene- (3) A balk of land. Devon.
rally for an unlawful purpose ; to cheat ; to (4) The window-stool of a casement. Glouc.
converse secretly. (5) A brewing-vat. Chesh.
COLLOP. A rasher of bacon ; a slice of flesh. (6) To acrospire. West. Hence coming-floor,
Var. dial the floor of a malt-house.
COLLOW. See Collar. (7) To cut a person's comb, to disable him.
COLLYGATE. To bind together, (Lat.) See (8) A mallet. Devon.
Ashmole's Theat. Chem. Brit. p. 145. COMB-BROACH. The tooth of a comb for
COLLY- WE STON. A term used when any- dressing wool. Somerset.
thing goes wrong. Chesh. COMBERERE. A trouble. ComUrd, troubled,
COLLY-WOBBLE. Uneven. West. Wright's Seven Sages, p. 115.
COLLY-WOMPERED. Patched. North. The ryche emperowre Raynere
COLMATE, A colestaff. Durham. Wottyth not of thys cornberere.
COLMOSE. The seamew. See Calmewe. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 161.

COLNE. A basket or -coop. u Scirpea, a COMBERSOME. Troublesome; difficult of

dounge potte or colne made with roddes or access. See Holinshed, Hist. England, i. 29.
COMBRE-WORLD. An incmnbrance to the
russhes," Elyot. world. Chaucer.
COLOBE. A kind of short coat reaching to
the knees. (l.at.) COMBURMENT. Incumbrance. Weber.
COLOFONY. Common rosin. COMBUST. Burnt. (Lat.) A term in astro-
COLOFRE. Fine gunpowder, mentioned in
MS. Soc. Antiq. 101, f. 76. logy when a planet is not more than 8° 30'
distant from the sun. See Randolph's Jealous
COLON. (1) The largest intestine, and hence Lovers, p. 77.
metaphorically hunger. COME. (1) Coming; arrival.
(2) Stalks of furse-bushes, which remain after Now thy comJy come has comforthede us alle.
burning. North. Morte Arthufet MS. Lincoln^ f. 6&
COLORYE. An ointment for the eyes, men- (2) To be ripe. Dorset.
tioned inMS. Med. Line. f. 284.
(3) A comfit. Perceval,
North.- 1365.
COLOUR. A pretence. <£ Colour, a fayned | (4) Came.
 COM 265 COM

(5) To go. Sir Eglamour, 713. COMISE. To commit.

Cornise the with pacience,
(6) To succumb ; to yield. Comlee seems used And take into thy conscience
in the same sense in "Wright's Monastic Let- Mercy to be thy governoure.
ters, p. 126. " I can't come it," I cannot Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 102
manage it.
(7) To become. Var. dial. COMIT. Comes. (^.-£)
(8) To overflow, or flood. West. COMITY. Courtesy. Becon.
COMLAND. A covenant (^..JV.)
(9) When such a time has arrived, e. g. " it mil COMLOKER. More comely.
be ten year come August." This usage of the COMLYLY. Courteously.
•word is very common. COMMANDER. A wooden rammer used to
COME-BACK. A guinea-fowl. East.
COMEBE. A comb. Rel. Ant. i. 9. drive piles of wood into the ground. See
Florio, p. 186 ; Nomenclator, p. 302 ; Baret,
COME-BY. To procure. " Come by now," C. 907.
get out of the way. " Come down upon," to COMMANDMENTS. The nails of the fingers
* reprove, toCame.
COMED. chide. Var. dial are often called the ten commandments.
CO-MEDLED. Well mixed. SAaXi. COMMAUNCE. Community. (A.-N.)
COME -IN. To surrender. COMMEDDLE. To mix, or mingle. (Fr.)
COMELING. A stranger; a guest. North. COMMEN. Coming. North.
COMMENCE. A job ; an affair. South.
" An unkind cumtyng" Ywaine and Gawin, COMMENDS. Commendations ; regards ; com-
1627. See Harrison's Desc. of Britaine, p. 6 ;
MS. Cott. Vespas. D. vii. Eawtcumbling pliments. Shakespeare has this word, " I
occurs in Tim Bobbin. doe not load you with commends," Royall King
To comlyngis loke je do no gile, and Loyall Subject, 1637, sig. E. ii.
For suche were joureself sumwhile. COMMENSAL. A companion at table. (x/.-A7.)
Cursor Mundi, M8. Coll. Tnn. Cantab, f. 43. COMMENT. To invent ; to devise.
COMEN. To commune. Coverdale. COMMENTY. The community.
COMBNDE. Coming. (^.-£) COMMEVE. To move. Chaucer.
Tille it befelle upon a playne, COMMISED. Committed. « Autorite com-
They syjen where he was comende. mysed
Goicer, MS. Soc. 4ntiq. 134, f. 71. xvii. 11.unto theme," MS. Cott. Cart. Antiq.
COMENE. Came, pi. (J.-S.) COMMIST. Joined together. (Lat.)
COME-OFF. A phrase equivalent to " come COMMIT. To be guilty of incontinence. Shal\
on," to execute any business. In the pro- COMMITTED. Accounted ; considered.
vinces it now means, to alter, to change.
Shakespeare has it in the sense of paying a COMMODITY. (1) "Wares taken in payment by
needy persons who borrowed money of usurers.
debt.
The practice is still common, though the name
COME-ON. To grow, to improve ; to encroach ; is extinct.
to succeed, or follow. Var. dial.
COME-OVER. To cajole. Var. dial (2)Belman
" The whore,
of London, who 1608.
is called the commodity,"
COME -PUR. A familiar way of calling, pro-
perly to pigs. Leic. (3)
(4) An interlude.
Interest ; advantage. 'Shale.
COMERAWNCE. Vexation ; grief. COMMOLYCHE. Comely.
COMEROUS. Troublesome. SMton. COMMONER. A common lawyer.
COMESTIBLE. Eatable. Becon. COMMONS YS. A choice kind of marble, highly
COME-THY-WAYS. Come forward, generally prized by boys.
spoken in great kindness. Go your ways, a COMMON-HOUSE. That part of a monastery
mode of dismissal. Both phrases are in in which a fire was kept for the monks to warm
Shakespeare.
COMFORDE. Comfort. themselves
cient Rites, during
p. 138. the winter. Davies's An-
He es my lufe and my lorde,
My joye and my comjorde.
COMMON-PITCH. A term applied to a roof
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 137. in which the length of the rafters is about
COMFORTABLE. A covered passage-boat used three-fourths of the entire span.
on the river Tyne. COMMONS. Provisions, a term still in use at
COMFORTABLE-BREAD. Spiced gingerbread. Oxford and Cambridge.
Sugared corianders are still called comforts. CdMMORSE. Compassion ; pity.
COMIC. An actor. Steele. COMMORTH. A subsidy, a contribution made
COMICAL. Ill-tempered. West. on any nastic
particular
Letters, p. occasion.
209. See Wright's Mo-
COMINE. To threaten. (Lot.)
COMING-ROUND. Recovering from sickness ; COMMOTHER. A godmother. TSorth.
returning to friendship. COMMUNE. (1) The commonalty.
COMINGS. The sprouts of barley in process (2) To distribute. Palsgrave.
of fermentation for malt. Camming, Harri- COMMUNES. Common people. Chaucer.
son's Descr. of England, p. 169. See Comb (6). COMMUNICATE. To share in. (Ui.)
COMINS. Commonage. Midland C. COMMY. Come. Sktton.
 COM 2(56 CON
COMNANT. A covenant ; an agreement. See COMPLINE. Even-song, the last service of
Torrent of Portugal, p. 35. the day. (^..JV.)
COMON. Communing ; discourse. Skelton. I was in my florishinge age in Chris tes church e
at midnyght, afore sonryse, at the first houre, at
COMOUN. A town, or township. (A.-N.) thiid houre, at the sixt houre^ at the ix. houre, in
COM? ACE. To encompass. the evening, and at compline.
And in so moche in herte doth dclite
Redman's Complaint of Gr&ce, 1554.
His tendir lymis to wylde and compace.
COMPLISH. To accomplish.
Lydg-ate, MS, Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 33.
COMPLOftE. To weep together.
COMPAIGNABLE. Sociable. (A.-N.)
Frendly to ben and compaygnable at al. COMPON-COVERT. A kind of lace, the method
of making which is described in MS. Harl.
MS Fail-fax 16.
COMPAINE. A companion. (X-JV.) 2320, f. 61.
COMPANAGE. Sustenance; food. ((//.- &T.) COMPONE, To compose; to calm, (let.)
Sometimes, to compose, or form.
ft To liuere companage," Wright's Pol. Songs, COMPOSITES. Numbers which are more than
p. 240. ten and not multiples of it. A division in an-
COMPANION. A scurvy fellow. A frequent
sense of the word in old plays. cient arithmetic, which became obsolete about
COMPANYE. To accompany. the year 1500.
Whenne thei had companytd him so, COMPOSTURE. Composition; compost.
Forth in pegs he bad heni go. COMPOSURE. Composition ; frame.
Cursor JfvntRt MS. Coll. Trto. Cantab, f. 77- COMPOWNED. Composed ; put together.
COMPANY-KEEPER. A lover. East. To COMPRISE. To gather, or draw a conclusion.
company with a woman, fittuo, Palsgrave. See Huarte's Examen. 1604, p. 289.
COMPARATIVE. A rival. Shah. COMPROBATE. Proved.
COMPARISONS. Caparisons. COMPROMIT. To submit to arbitration. (Lat.)
COMPARITY. Comparison,
See Ford's Linep.of5.Life, p. 66 ; "Wright's Mo-
nastic Letters,
COMPAS. (1) Countess. Hearne. *
(2) Compost. " Lay on more compos? Tusser's COMPTE.- Account. (A-N.}
Husbandry, p. 36.
At Highworth and thereabout, where fuel! is very COMPYNELLE. Sche rose hurA up companion. (.4.-Ar.)
fpyre and welle,
scarce, the poore people do strow strawe in the bar- And went unto iiur compynelle.
ton on which the cowes do dung, and then they MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 30, f. 130.
clap it against the stone walles to drie for fuell, COMRAGUE. A comrade.
which they call olllt fuell. They call it also compos, COMSEMENTE. A commencement.
meaning compost,
And syr Gawayne by God than sware,
Aubrey's Wilts, MS. Ro^alSoc. p. 292. Here now made a conwemenfe
(3) Form j stature. (A.-N.) That bethe not fynysshyd many a yere.
(4) A circle. (A.-N.) JUS. Harl. 2252, f. 107.
COMPASMENT. Contrivance. (A.-N) COM SEN. To begin ; to commence ; to endea-
Thorow whos wmpassement and gile
Fulle many a man hath loste his while. vour. (^.-£) Comsede, Piers Ploughman,
GoitfBi't MS. Soc. Antlq. 134, f. 76.
p. 402 ; comsith, Depos. Kic. II. p. 21.
COMPASS. An outline. East. COMSING. Beginning; commencing.
COMTH. Came ; becometh. Hearne.
COMPASSED. Circular. Compassed window, COMUNALTE. Community.
a bay window, or oriel. Shak.
COMPASSING. Contrivance. Chaucer. COMYN. (1J) Litharge of lead.
COMPENABULL. Sociable ; willing to give (2) Cummin. Common ; mutual.
Gy of Warwike, p. 421.
participation in. See the Cokwoldis Dance, The commons. (A.-N.)
110. Than hath that lady gente
COMPENSE. To recompense. Chosyn hym with eomyns assente.
Whereof my hope myjte arise MS. Cantab. Ff . ii. 30, f. 76.
My gret love to compense. Of hym we wylle owre londes holde
Goner, AfjS. Soc. Antiq* 134, f. 1&5. Be the comyns assent.
To jeve his »ynne was despensed MS. Ibid. Ff.ii.38, f. 81,
With golde, whereof it was compensid.
MS. Ibid. f. 101. (5) Au assembly.
For 5it was ne rer suche cnmyn,
That couthe orcteiue a medecin.
COMPERE. A gossip ; a near friend. (A.- A'.)
COMPERSOME. Frolicsome, tierbysh. Gower* MS. Cantab*
COMPERTE. A relation, or narrative. (A.-N.} COMYNEE. A partaker. (Lat.)
See Wright's Monastic Letters, pp. 50, 85. COMYNL1CHE. (4Commonly.
COMPERYCION. Comparison. COMYNTE. Community.
COMPEST. To compost land. See Harrison's CON, (I) To learn ; to know. North. Also, to
Descr. of England, p. 109. calculate ; to consider.
COMPLAIN. To lament for.
;2) To fiUip. North.
COMPLE. (1) Angry. Yorteh. '3) To return thanks.
(2) To taunt, or bully. North. (4) A searching mode of knowing whether a heu
COMPLEMENT. Ornament ; accomplishment. is with egg. North,
COMPLIN. Impertinent. YorJksk. (5) Can ; is able. See Can (4).
 25;
CON CON
(6) Stout ; valiant. Ferstegan. CONDUCTION. Charge; conduct. SeeEger-
(7) A squirrel. Cumb. ton Papers, p. 242 ; Holinshed, Hist. Scot.
CONABLE. Convenient ; suitable. (A.-N.) It
also signifies famous, as conabull in Sharp's CONDUCT-MONEY. p.
Money paid to soldiers
Cov. Myst. p. 148. and 78.
sailors to take them to their ships.
CONANDE. Covenant. Weber. We have CONDUL. A candle.
wnante in Langtoft's Chron. p. 163. CONE. A clog. North.
CONANDLY. Knowingly ; wisely. CONESTABLE. A constable. (A.-N.
CONCEIT. (1) To think, or suppose ; to suspect. CONE-WHEAT. Bearded-wheat. Kent.
Also, an opinion. West. Often, good opinion, CONEY. A bee-hive. Tusser.
(2) Conception; apprehension. (A.-N.) CONEY-FOGLE. To lay plots. Line.
(3) An ingenious device. CONEY-LAND. Land so light and sandy as to
CONCEITED. Fanciful; ingenious. Also, in- be fit for nothing but rabbits. East.
clined to jest, merry. CONFECT. A sweetmeat.
CONCELLE. Advice. (A.-N.) CONFECTE. Prepared.
CONCENT. Harmony. (Lai.) And whanne the water fully was confecte,
CONCERN. An estate ; a business. Far. dial Liche the statute and the ryjtes oolde.
Sometimes, to meddle with. Lydgate, MS. Soc. 4ntiq. 134, f. 7.
CONFECTED. Pliable. North.
CONCEYTATE. Conception.
CONCEYTE. See Conceit (2). CONFECTION. A sweetmeat ; a drug.
CONCEYVED. Behaved. Weder. CONFECTURE. Composition. (A.-N.)
CONFEDER. To confederate.
CONCHONS. Conscience. See Wright's Mo-
nastic Letters, pp. 132, 133. CONFEIT. A sweetmeat. See Warner's An-
CONCINNATE. Fit; decent. Hall. tiq. Culin. p. 55 ; Ord. and Reg. p. 430,
CONCLUDE. To include. CONFER. To compare. Hooper.
CONCLUSION. An experiment. CONFERY. The daisy. See Reliq, Ant. i. 55 ;
CONCREW. To grow together. Pr. Parv. p. 112; MS. Sloane 5, f. 2.
CONCURBIT. A suhliming-vessel. CONFINE. To expel ; to banish.
CONCUSSION. Extortion. (Lat.) CONFINED. Engaged as a labourer for a year
CONCYS. A kind of sauce. to one master. Line.
COND. To conduct. Chaucer. COOTINELESS. Boundless.
CONFINER. A borderer.
CONDE. Perused 5 known. (^.-£)
CONDER. (1) A corner. Devon. CONFISKE. To confiscate. (A.-N.)
CONFITEOR. A confessor.
(2) A person stationed on an eminence to give CONFITING. A sweetmeat.
notice to fishers which way the herring-shoals
CONFLATE. Troubled. (Lot.)
CONDERSATE. Congealed. CONFLOPSHUN. Confusion; a hobble. North.
go.
CONDESCEND. To agree. East. This is also CONFORT. Comfort; consolation.
an archaism. CONFOUND. To destroy. Shdk.
CONFOUNDED. Ashamed. (Lai.)
CONDESCENDE. To yield. (A.-N.) Hence CONFRARY. A brotherhood.
candescent, agreement, Hawkins, ii. 93.
The same Agnes Commyne, wydowe, by the eon- CONFUSE. Confounded. (4..JV.)
discente and procurement of the said John and Jane> CONFY. A confection.
came to the maior of the cittie of Newe Sarum. CONGE. (1) To bow. East.
MS. Chancery Bills, Turr. Lond. Ff. 10, no. S3. (2) To expel. (^.-2V.) See Langtoft, p. 323 ;
CONDETHE. Safe conduct. Piers Ploughman, pp. 65, 258.
CONDIDDLED. Dispersed; mislaid ; frittered CONGELATE. Congealed.
away ; stolen. Devon. CONGEON. Adwaif. Minsheu.
CONDIE. To conduct. Langtoffc, p. 182. CONGERDOUST. A dried conger.
But condite only of the sterre shene. CONGIE. Leave. (XJV.)
MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 23.
CONGRECE. Suite of servants. (A.-N.)
CONDISE. Conduits. (A.-N.} CONGREE. To agree together.
CONDITION. Temper; disposition; nature. CONGRUELY. Conveniently ; fitly. See Hall,
East. Common in early works. Henry V. f, 31 ; Gesta Rom. p. 198. Con-
CONDLEN. Candles.
gruent, Strutt, ii. 190.
CONDO G. A whimsical corruption of the word CONGRUENCE. Fitness.
concur. Besides the examples given by Nares CONGURDE. Conjured,
maybe mentioned Heywood's Royal! King, Syr, seyde the pylgryme,
1637, sig. F.iL Thou haste me wngwde at thys tyme.
CONDON. Knowing ; intelligent. MS. Cantab. Ff . ii. 38, f. 194,
CONDRAK. A kind of lace, the method of CONIFFLE. To embezzle. Somerset.
making which is described in MS. Harl. 2320, CONIG. A rabbit. See Minot, p. 37, Hence
f. 57.
conigar, a rabbit-warren. West. Florio has
CONDUCT. (1) Hired. (Lat.} connie-grea, p. 117 ; connygar, Elyotin v. Fi-
(2) A conductor. See Ord. and Reg. pp. 282, varium ; conyngerys, Lydgate, p. 174 ; cunnie-
283,403. greene. Two Angrie Women of Abington,p. 81.
 CON
CON 263

CONISAUNCE. Understanding. (A.-N.) CONTEKOUR. A person who quarrels. Sen

CONJECT. (1) Thrown into. Becon. LangtofVs Chron. p. 328.
(2} To conjecture. CONTEL. To foretel. Tusser.
CONJECTE. To project. (A.-N) CONTENANCE. Appearance ; pretence.
CONJECTURE. To judge. (A.-N.) CONTENE. To continue.
CON JOUN. A coward. (A.-N.) CONTENTATION. Content ; satisfaction.
CONJURATOUR. A conspirator. CONTIGNAT. Successively. Hearns.
CONJURE. To adjure. (A.-N.) CONTINENT. That in which anything is con-
tained. Shafa
CONJURISON. Conjuration. (A.-N.}
CONKABELL. An icicle. Devon. CONTINEWE. Contents.
CONKERS, Snail-shells. East. CONTOURBED. Disturbed.
CONNA, Cannot. Var. dial y am destourbed
In alle myn Lerte, and so contawbed,
CONNAT. A marmalade. (A.-N.) That y ne may my wittes gete.
CONNE. (1) A quince. (A.-N.) Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 3D
(2) To know ; to be able. (A.-S.) CONTRAIRE. Contrary ; opposite. (A.-N.)
CONNER. A reader. Yorksh. CONTRAPTION. Contrivance. West.
CONNEX. To join together. See Hall, Henry CONTKARIE. To go against, vex, oppose.
VII. 1 3 5 MS. Harl. 834. (A.-N.) Contrariant, Hall, Edw. IV. f. 22.
CONNICAUGHT. Cheated. Occasionally a substantive.
CONNIEARS. A beast's kidnies. North. Andwlanne they diden the contrarye,
CONNING. Learning ; knowledge. Fortune was contrariende.
CONNY. See Corny. Gotoer, JUS. Soc. Antiq, 134, f. 34.
CONCUR. Any small outlet for water ; some- CONTHARYUS. Different. (A.-N.)
times, funnel?
a He rauste bothe drynke and ete
CONPACE. To compass or contrive. Contrary^ drynke and contraryvs mete.
As a prince devoid of alle grace, MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 138.
Ageins God he gan to conpace. CONTEAVERSE. Quite the reverse.
Lydgate's Bochas, MS* Ration 2. CONTBEE. A country. (A.-N.)
CONQUERS. A conquest. CONTKEFETE. To counterfeit ; imitate. (A.-N)
CONQUINATE. To poUute. SMton.
CONREY. Run together. Hearne. CONTREVE. To contrive. (A.-N.)
CONSCIENCE. Estimation. North. CONTREVORE. A contrivance. " Here novy
CONSECUTE, To attain. (Lat.) a contrevore" Langtoft, p. 334.
CONTRIBUTE. To take tribute of.
CONSEIL. Counsel. (^.-M) CONTRIVE. To wear out, pass away.
CONSENTANT. Consenting to. (A.-N.) CONTKOVE. To invent. (A.-N.)
CONSERVE. To preserve. (A.-N.) CONTUBERNIAL. Familiar. (Lat.)
CONSERVISE. A conservatory.
CONSEYLY. To advise. R. Glouc. p. 214. CONTUND. To beat down. Lilly.
CONTUNE. To continue. Not for the sake
CONSORT. (1) A company or band of musicians;
a concert. of t-lie rhyme, as Tyrwhitt thinks. It occurs
also in prose.
(2) To associate with. CONTURBATION. Disturbance.
CONSOUD. The less daisy. CONVAIL. To recover.
CONSPIREMENT. Conspiracy.
But suche a fals conspiretnent, CONVALE. A valley. Holme.
Thouj it be pri^ for a throw, CONVAUNCED. Promised. (A.-N.)
God wolde not were unknowe. CONVENABLE. Fitting. Skelton.
Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 72. CONVENE. Arrangement. (A.-N.)
CONSTABLERIE. A ward, or division of a CONVENT. To summon ; to convene.
castle, tinder the care of a constable. (A.-N.) CONVENTIONARY-RENTS. The reserved
CONSTER. To construe. Hence, sometimes, rents of life-leases.
to comprehend. CONVENT-LOAF. Fine manchet.
CONSTILLE. TodistH. LySgrfe. CONVERSANT. To converse. Palsgrave.
CONSTOBLE. A great coat East. Also called CONVERTITE, A convert.
a consloper. CONVEY. Conveyance. Hence to steal, for
CONSTORY. The consistory. (A.-N.) which it was a polite term, as Pistol insinu-
CONSUETE. Usual; accustomed. (Lat.) ates. Conveyance is also used for stealing.
CONTAIN. To abstain. Also, to restrain. Both CONVICIOUS. Abusive. (Lat.)
an active and neuter verb. CONVINCE. To conquer ; to convict.
CONTAKE. Debate ; quarrelling. See Reliq. CONVIVE. To feast together.
Antiq. i. 7 ; Wright's Seven Sages, p. 59 ; con- CONVOY. North. A clog for the wheel of a waggon.
ahf, Tundale, p, 2. Also spelt conte&e and
CONY. A rabbit. Also rabbit-skin, as in Mid-
CONTANKEROUS. Quarrelsome. West. dleton, iii. 39 ; Test. Vetust. p. 734.
CONTAS. A countess. Hearne has a queer illus- CONY-CATCH. To deceive a simple person j
tration of this word in his glossary to Rob. to cheat. Sometimes merely to trick. Cony-
Glouc. p. 635. catcher^ a sliarper.
 269
COP COP
CONYCARTHE. A rabbit warren. Palsgrave. (10) A pinnacle ; the rising part of a battlement.
CONINE. Knowledge. (A.-N.) (11) Same as cop-head, q. v.
With fals conyne -whiche sche hadde, HOPART. To join ; to share.
Hire clos envye tho sche spradde. 10P ATAIN. A conical hat ; one in the form of
Cower, MS.Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 65. a sugar loaf. The word is also spelt coppid-
CONYNGE. A rabbit. (A.-N.} tanke, coppentante, and coppintank. " A co»
He went and fett conynges thre,
Alle baken welle in a pasty. pentank for Caiphas," Gascoigne's Delicate
MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 50.
Diet, 1576. See Du Bartas, p. 364 ; Nomea-
COO. (1) Fear. North. clator, pp. 165, 449 ; Skelton, ii. 429. Accord-
(2} To call. Cumb. ing to Kennett, p. 54, " a hat with a high
(3) A jackdaw. Pr. Parv. crown is called a copped crown hat."
COOB. A ben-coop. Wilts. COP-BONE. The knee-pan. Somerset.
COOCH-HANDED. Left-banded. Devon. COPE. (1) To top a wall with thin bricks or
stone.
COOK. (1) To tbrow. Var. dial.
(2) To disappoint ; to punish. North. (2) To chop or exchange. East. " Copen or
COOK-EEL. A cross-bun. East. by," Lydgate's Minor Poems, p. 105.
COOKLE. A pair of prongs with an aperture (3) A cloak ; a covering. (A.-N.)
through which the meated spit is thrust. Thegrettyst clerke that everthou seyst
East. To take hym undur hevyn cope.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 48.
COOKOLD. A cuckold.
COOLER. A large open tub. J^ar. dial (4) A tribute paid to the lord of the manor for
COOLING-CARD. Literally a bolus, according smelting lead at his mill.
to Gifford, and hence metaphorically used in (5) A large quantity. East.
the sense of a decisive retort in word or ac- (6) To fasten ; to muzzle. East.
tion. It seems also to be used for oad news. (7) Futuo. " And is again to cope your wife/'
Othello, iv. 1.
Gifford has ridiculed Weber's derivation of
the term from card-playing, but see the True '8) An error, or fault. (A.-N.)
Tragedie of Ric. III. p. 23. '9) To give way. Warw.
COOM. Dust ; dirt. North. 10) To pare a Ahawk's beak. or merchant.
COOMS. Ridges. East. COPEMAN. chapman,
COOP. (1) Come up ! Var. dial. COPENTANK. See Copatain.
(2) A closed cart. North. COPERONE. A pinnacle. Pr. Parv.
(3) A hollow vessel made of twigs, used for COPESMATE. A companion, or friend. See
taking fish in the Humber. Dent's Pathway, p. 305 j Brit. Bibl. ii. 540.
COOPLE. To crowd. North. COP-HALFPENNY. The game of chuck-far-
COORBYD. Curved. Lydgate. thing, played with halfpence.
COORE. To crouch. Yor&sh. " Coore downe COP-HEAD. A crest of feathers or tuft of hair
on the head of an animal. Copped, crested.
on your heeles," Baret, C. 1258.
COOSCOT. A wood-pigeon. North. " Coppet, huppe" Reliq. Antiq. ii. 80.
COOSE. To loiter. Devon. COPIE. Plenty. (Lat.)
COOT. (1) The water-hen. " As stupid as a COPINER. A lover. (A.-S.)
COPIOUS. Plentiful/ (Lot.}
coot" and " as bald as a coot," old prover-
bial sayings. See Cotgrave, in v. fiscossois, COPPE. A cup, or basin. (A.-N.)
Magot. Drayton has coot-laid.
(2} The ancle, or foot. North. COPPER-CLOUTS.
COPPEL. A small cup.Spatterdashes.
(Fr~) Devon.
COOTH. A cold. North. COPPERFINCH. A chaffinch. West.
COP. (1) A mound, or bank; aheap of anything. COPPER-ROSE. The red field poppy.
North. Also, an in closure with a ditch round COPPET. Saucy ; impudent. North.
it. COPPID. Peaked, referring to the fashion of
(2) To throw underhand. Var. dial the long-peaked toe. " Galoches y-couped,"
(3) The top, or summit. (A.-S.) Piers Ploughman, p. 370. " Couped shone,"
The watris jeden and decreesiden til to the tenthe
monethe, for in the tenthe monethe, in the firste Torrentof ofthePortugal,
Rom. p. 51. "' Shone decopid,"
Rose, 843.
dai of the monethe, the voppis of hillis apeeriden. Stond on hir tois coppid as a lark,
MS. Bodl. 277. Putte oute hir voyse and lowde will syng,
(4) The round piece of wood fixed at the top of That all the strete therof shall ryng.
a bee-hive. MS. Laud. 416, f. 52.
(5) The beam that is placed between a pair of COPPIE. A dram. North.
drawing oxen. COPPIN. A piece of yarn taken from the spin-
(6) That part of a waggon which hangs over the dle. North.
th)ller-horse. COPPING. A fence. North.
f 7) A cop of peas, fifteen sheaves in the field, COPPLE-CROWNED. With a head high, and
and sixteen in the barn. rising up, spoken of a boy with hair standing
(8) -A lump of yarn. North* up on the crown of his head, of a bird with a
(9) A fence. North. tuft of feathers on its crown. GqgpuU is a
 COR 270 COH
name for a hen in the Turnainent of Totten- CORD. (1) A cord of wood, a piece 8 ffc. by 4 ft.
ham. and 4 ft. thick. Also, a stack of wood. Cord-
COPPLING. Unsteady. East. wood, wood, roots, &c. set up in stacks.
COPPROUS. A syllabub. (2) Accord. Weber.
COPPY. (1) A coppice. West. CORDANLI. In accordance.
CORDE. To accord ; to agree. (A.-N.)
(2) A child's stool ; a foot-stool. North. " Col- Kur hart to hym can corde,
rakus and cqpstolus," Reliq. Antiq. i. 86. For to have hym to hur lorde.
COP-ROSE. Same as copper-rose, q. v. Also, MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 121.
copperas, vitriol, Keimett, p. 55. CORDELLES. Twisted cords ; tassels.
COPS. (1) A connecting crook of a harrow, CORDEMENT. Agreement. (A.-N.)
West. He kyssyd hur MS.
at that cordement.
(2) Balls of yarn. Lane. Cantab, Ff. ii. 38, f. 103.
COP SAL. A piece of iron which terminates the CORDEVAN. Spanish leather, from Cordova (or
front of a plough.
COPSE. To cut brushwood, tufts of grass, &c. Corduba) a place formerly celebrated for its
Dorset. manufacture. Also spelt cordewayne, cordo-
COPSE-LAUREL. The spurge laurel. weyne, &c. See Arch. xi. 93 ; Cov. Myst. p.
COPSES. See Cop (6). 241 ; Brit. Bibl. ii. 401 ; Hakluyt, 1599, i. 189;
COPSON. A fence placed on the top of a small Beaumont and Fletcher, ii. 24 ; Davenant's
dam laid across a ditch. South. Madagascar, ed. 1648, p. 19. Although ori-
COPT. Convex. North. ginally made in Spain, cordevan leather was
COPT-KNOW. The top of a conical hill. North. afterwards manufactured mostly in England
COP-UP. To relinquish. East. from goat-skin.
COP-WEB. A cobweb, Var. dial CORDINER. A shoemaker.
COPY. To close in. CORDLY. A tunny.
CORACLE. A small boat for one person, made CORDONE. An honorary reward given to a
of wicker-work, covered with leather or hide, successful combatant.
CORDY. Made of cord.
and pitched over, so light as to be easily car-
ried on the back. West. CORE. (1) To sweep a chimney.
CORAGE. Heart ; inclination ; spirit ; courage. (2) A disease in sheep. Devon.
(A.-N.) (3) The middle of a rick when the outside has
been cut away all round.
CORALLE. Dross ; refuse. (A.-N.)
CORANCE. Currants. See Brit. Bibl. ii. 402 ; (4) Chosen. Chron. Vilod. p. 121. « Icham
Lilly's Endimion, ed. 1632, sig. E. i. ; Forme coren king," Gy of Warwike, p. 428.
of Cury, p. 70. CORELLAR. A corollary. Palsgrave.
CORERCIOUS. Corpulent ; corsy.
CORANT. Running. (A.-N.)
CORANTO. A kind of dance, with rapid and CORESED. Harnessed. (A.-N.)
lively movements. CORESUR. A courier. (A.-N.)
CORASEY. Vexation. Hall CORETTE. To correct.
CORAT. The name of a dish described in the CORF. A large coal-basket. There is a basket
Forme of Cury, p. 15. used for taking fish also so called.
CORBEL. In architecture, a projection or CORFOUR. The curfew, (A.-N.)
CORFY. To rub. North.
bracket from a wall or pillar to support some CORHNOTE. Cidamum, lot.
weight. Corle is also found in Elizabethan CORIANDER-SEED. Money.
writers. Cor bet-stony s, Kennett, p. 55. Cor- CORINTH. A brothel. ShaA.
bettis, House of Fame, iii. 214. Corlel-talle, CORINTHIAN. A debauched man.
according to Willis, the upper table below the CORKE. The core o£ fruit.
battlements.
CORBETTES. Gobbets. Warner. CORKED. OffendedA Var. dial
CORBIN-BONE. The bone between the anus CORKER. A scolding."" Var. dial
CORKES. Bristles.
and bladder -of an animal, La Chasse du Cerf, CORKS. Cinders. Lane.
Paris,
Then 1840. take out' the shoulders slitting anone, CORLE. To strike, or pat. Becon.
The belly to the side to the corbin-bone.
CORLET-SHOES. Raised cork-shoes.
EoeTce of Hunting, 1586. CORLU. A curlew.
CORBO. A thick-hafted knife. CORMARYE. A dish in ancient cookery, de- ,
CORBY. A carrion crow ; also, a raven. North. scribed in the Forme of Cury, p. 3 1.
Hall uses corbyn, Henry VIII. f. 77, but con- CORME. The service-tree. (A.-N.)
CORMORANT. A servant. Jonson.
siders itnecessary to enter into a full expla-
nation ofthe word. CORN. (1) Chosen. (A.-S.)
GORGE. (1) To chop, or exchange. (2) A grain of salt, &c. Corned- leefis salted beef.
(2) Body; stomach. (A.-N.) (3) Oats. North.
He start to hym wyth gret force, CORNAGE. A tenure which obliges the land-
And hy t hym egurly on the corce. holder togive notice of an invasion by blow-
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii, 38, f, 154. ing ahorn.
 COR 271 con
CORNALL. The head of a tilting lance. See CORONAL. A crown, or garland.
With kelle and with corenalle clenliche arrayede.
Lybeau's Disconus, 1604 ; Richard Goer de Morte Arthure, US. Lit. coin, f. 87
Lion. 297. Also a coronal, or little crown,
CORONEL. A colonel. (Span.}
as in Lydgate'sCornelian.
CORNALYN. Minor Poems, p. 8. COROUN. A crown. (A.-N.)
CORN-BIND. Wild convolvolus. Ryche ladyys of grete renouns
They do make hem rycheMS.coronas.
CORN-COCKLE. Corn campion. Harl 1701, f 22.
CORN-CRAKE. The land-rail.
COROUNMENT. Coronation. (A.-NJ
CORNDER. A receding angle. Devon. COROUR. A courser. (A.-N.)
CORNED. (1) Intoxicated. Salop. CORP. A corpse. North. Middleton has this
(2) Furnished with grain. North. form of the word.
(3) Peaked; pointed. See Skelton, L 149; CORPHUN. A herring.
Collier's Old Ballads, p. 29. CORPORAL. A corporal of the field was one
CORNEL. (1) A corner. West. " The cornel who guarded and arranged the shot or arms of
of the quadrant," MS. Sloane 213. the soldiers on the field of battle.
(2) A kernel. See Euphues Golden Legacie, CORPORAS. The cloth which was placed be-
p. 74 ; Prayse of Nothing, 1585 ; Dial. Creat. neath the consecrated elements in the sacra-
Moral, p. 22. ment.
(3) A frontal. Pr. Parv. CORPORATION-SEATS. The large square
(4) An embrasure on the walls of a castle. pew in some churches generally appropriated
(A.-N.) See Kyng Alis. 7210. to strangers.
With six stages ful of towrelles,
Wei flourished with cornelles. CORPORATURE. A man's body, or corpora-
Richard Coer de Lion, 1842. tion, as we still say. See the Man in the
Moone, 1657, p. 74.
CORNELIUS-TUB. The sweating-tub of Cor- CORPSE-CANDLE. A thick candle used for-
nelius, formerly used for the cure of a certain
disease. merly at lake-wakes. Aubrey, p. 176, men-
CORNEMUSE. A rustic instrument of music, CORRETIER. tions akind of fiery apparition so called.
A horse-dealer.
blown like our bagpipe. That it was not
identical with the bagpipe, as Nares supposes, CORRID -HONEY. Hard, candied honey.
CORRIGE. To correct. (A.-N.)
seems clear from Lydgate's Minor Poems, CORRIN. A crown. (A.-N.)
p. 200, where a distinction is made between
CORRIVAL. A partner in affection ; a rival.
the two. " With cornuse and clariones," MS. In a Description of Love by W. C. 1653, is a
Morte Arthure, f. 72.
Of bombarde and of clarion, poem, " To his love fearing a corrival"
With cornemisa and schalinele. CORROSY. A grudge ; ill-will. Devon.
Gotber, MS. Soc. Antiq* 134, f. 245. CORRUMPABLE. Corruptible. (A.-N.)
CORNER. A point at whist.
CORNER-TILE. A gutter-tile. CORRUPTED.
CORRUMPE. ToRuptured. Suffolk. '
corrupt. (A.-N.)
CORNET. (1) A small conical piece of bread. CORRYNE-POWDER. Corn powder, a fine
kind of gunpowder.
Warner's Antiq. Cul. p, 101.
(2) Same as coffin, q. v. CORS.
Arch. (1) Nom.Thep. shaft 71. of a pinnacle. Willis's
CORNICHON. A kind of game, very similar
to quoits, (Fr.) (2) The body. (A.-N.} The body of a chariot
was sometimes so called.
COBNISH. The ring placed at the mouth of a
cannon. (3) Course. Weber.
CORNISH-HUG. A particular lock practised CORSAINT. A holy body; a saint. (A.-N.}
See Piers Ploughman, p. 109 ; Langtoft, pp.
by the Cornish wrestlers.
CORNIWILLEN. A lapwing. Cornw. 44, 308.
He sekez seyntez bot seldene, the sorere he grypez
CORNLAITERS. Newly married peasants who That thus clekys this corsaunt owte of thir heghe clyffez.
beg corn to sow their first crop with. Morte Arthure t MS. Lincoln, f. 65.
CORN-ROSE. The wild poppy. We never hadde they a men dement,
CORNWALL. A woman who cuckolds her That we herde, at any corseynt.
husband was said to send him into Cornwall MS. Harl. 1701, f. 61.
without a boat. CORSARY. A pirate.
CORNY. (1) Tipsy. Far. dial. CORSE. (1) To curse. (A.-JS.)
(2) Abounding in corn. East. (2) Silk riband woven or braided. " Corse of a
(3) Tasting well of malt. (A.-S.) " Cornie gyrdell, tissu" Palsgrave. Also a war-horse, as
aile," new ale, Christmas Carols, p. 47. CORSERE. A horseman.
CORODY. A sum of money or an allowance of in Todd's Illustrations, p. 214 j and sometimes,
food and clothing allowed by an abbot out of a horse-dealer.
a monastery to the king for the maintenance CORSEY. An inconvenience or grievance. See
of any one of his servants. A corody could Dent's Pathway, pp. 306, 369 j Tusser, p. 32
be purchased on a plan similar to our an-
nuities. Stanihurst, Horse-dealing,
CORSD^G. p. 25.'
 COT?
cos 272
COBSIVE. Corrosive. COSSICAL. Algebraical. Digges,in 1579, de-
CORSPRESAOT. A mortuary. scribed the " Arte of numbers cossicatt."
COKS Y. Fat ; unwieldy. COST. (1) Loss, or risk. North.
CORTEISE. Courtesy. Also an adjective. (2) The mantagreta, hot.
Launcelot lokys he uppon, (3) A dead body. Devon.
How corteite was in hym more (4) A side, or region. (A.-N.)
Then evyr was in any man.
MS. Harl. 2252, f. 113. (5) A rib. East.
CORTER. A cloth. (6) Manner ; business ; quality. " Swych costus
CORTESLICHE. Courteously. to kythe," Degrevant, 364.
CORTEYSEAR. More courteous. (7) " Nedes cost," a phrase equivalent to post"
tively. Chaucer, Cant. T. 1479.
CORTINE. A curtain.
COSTAGE. Cost; expense. (A.-N.) "To
CORTS. Carrots. Somerset.
CORTYL. A kirtle. duelle at his costage" Lincoln MS. f. 134.
COSTARD. (1) A kind of large apple. Hence
CORUNE. See Coroun. costard-monger, or costermonger, a seller of
CORVE. About the eighth of a ton of coals. apples ; one, generally, who kept a stall. Me-
Boxes used in coal mines are also called corves. taphorical y, thehead is called a costard.
CORVEN. Carved ; cut. (^/.-£)
Corvene wyndowb of glase, (2) A flask,or flasket. Urry's MS. additions to Ray.
COSTE. To tempt. Verstegan.
With joly bandis of brase. COSTED. Richly ornamented.
JUS. Lincoln A. i. 17. f- 136.
The wode was waliyd abowte, COSTEIANT. Coasting. (A.-N.)
And wele corvyn wyth ryche ston. The grete soldan thanne of Perse
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 64. Hath in a marche costeiant.
Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq, 134, f. 78.
With mannys hondes as sche were wroghte,
Or corvyn on a tree. MS. Ibid. f. 69. COSTEK Cast. Langtoft, p. 106.
CORVISOR. A shoemaker. COSTENED. Cost.
CORWYN. Curved. Arch. xxx. 406. COSTERING. (1) A carpet.
CORY. A shepherd's cot. Pr. Parv. (2) Swaggering ; blustering. Salop.
CORYAR. A currier. (Lat.) COSTERS. Pieces of tapestry used on the sides
CORYED. Curried ; drubbed. of tables, beds, &c. See Test. Vetust. p. 228.
CORYNA.LLE. Same as eornatt, q. v. " Costerdes covered with whyte and blewe,"
The schafte was strong over alle, Squyr of Lowe Degre, 833.
And a welle schaped corynalle, COSTIOUS. Costly.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 247- COSTLEWE. Expensive ; costly.
CORYS. Course. COSTLY. Costive. East.
Ne jytthe love off paramours,
Woche ever athe be the comyn corys COSTLY-COLOUBS. A game at cards.
Among them that lusty were. COSTMOUS. Costly. Hearne.
MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 5.
COSTNING. Temptation. P'erstegan.
CORZIED. Grieved From Corsey. COSTREL. A small wooden bottle used by la-
bourers in harvest time. The ancient drink-
COS. (1) Because. Var. dial
(2) A kiss. Audelay, p. 60. ing cup so called was generally made of wood.
COSEY. Snug ; comfortable. Also a term for Vasa qu&dam qua costretti vocantur, Matth.
half tipsy. Paris. See Hartshorne's Met. Tales, p. 56.
COSH. (1) The husk of corn. East. Spelt costret in MS. Lansd. 560, f. 45,
COSTY. Sumptuous \ costly.
(2) Quiet ; still. Salop. COSTYFHED. Costiveness.
(3) A cottage, or hovel. Craven. This term
occurs in Prompt. Parv. COSY. A husk, shell, or pod. Beds.
COSHERING. A set feast made in Ireland of COT. (1) A finger-stall. East.
noblemen and their tenants, who sat the whole (2) Same as cosp, q. v.
time on straw. The coshering was always ac- (3) Refuse wool. North.
companied with harper's music. See a cu- (4^ A man who interferes in the kitchen. North.
rious description in Stanihurst, p. 45. (5) A small bed, or cradle.
COSIER. A cobbler. (6) A pen for cattle.
COSIN. A cousin, or kinsman. (7) A coat. (A~N.)
COSINAGE. Kindred. (A.-N.) COTAGRE. A sumptuous dish described in the
And how he stood of cosinags
To the emperoure, made hem asswage. Forme of Cury,
COTCHED. p. 79. Var.
Caught. ' dial
Goiver, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f, 47. COTCHEL. A sack partly full. South,
COSP. The cross bar at the top of a spade. COTE. (1) To coast, or keep alongside. (Fr.)
The fastening of a door is also so called. Also, a pass or go-by.
COSSE. A kiss. (A.-S.) See Reliq. Antiq. i. (2) In hunting, when the greyhound goes end*
29 ; Gy of Warwike, p. 203. ways by his fellow, and gives the hare a turn*
COSSET. A pet lamb. Hence a pet of any Often used in the sense, to overtake,
Mud. Also, to fondle. (3) A cottar. (A.-S.)
COSSHEN. A cushion.
(4) A salt-p t.
 ecu 273 COU

COTE-ARMURE. An upper garment, worn (2) To squat, said of the boar, sometimes of the
over the armour, and generally ornamented hare or rabbit.
with armorial bearings. (3) Left-handed. East.
COTED. (1) Quoted. (Fr.) (4) A den ; a small chamber of any kind.
C2) Braided. Is this the meaning in Shakespeare ? COUCHE. To lay, or place. (4.-N.) Fre-
COTE-HARDY. A close-fitting body garment, quently applied technically to artists' work.
buttoned all the way down the front, and A lie of palle werke fyne
Cowchide with newyne.
reaching to the middle of the thigh. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 133.
COTERELLE. A cottager. Pr. Parv. COUCHER. A setter.
COTERET. A faggot.
COTGARE. Refuse wool. Shunt, COUCH-GRASS. A kind of coarse bad grass
which grows very fast in arable land.
GOTH. A disease. (^.-£) Cothy, faint, sickly.
East. Browne has cothish.
COUD.
(2) Knew(1); was
Cold;able.
called.
Pa. "North.
t.
COTHE. (1) Quoth ; saith. COUF. A cough. Craven.
(2) To faint. East. COUFLE. A tub. Rob. Glouc. p. 265.
COTHISH, Morose. Ray.
COTJDIANLICH. Daily. (A.-N.) COIIGH-OUT. To discover.
COUHERDELY. Cowardly.
To strengths also his body and his lyraes in exer- Who mijt do more couherdely ?
cise and use cotidianlich, that is to sey, day after
Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 141.
day, in dedes of armes.
VegeciiiSf MS. Douce 291, f, 5. COUL. (1) To pull down. North.
COTINGE. Cutting. (^.-£) (2) Cole, or cabbage. Somerset.
COT -LAMB. A pet-lamb. Suffolk. (3) A large wooden tub. Formerly, any kind ot
GOTLAND. Land held by a cottager in soc- cup or vessel.
cage or villenage. Kennett. (A) To scrape earth together. North*
COT-QUEAN. An idle fellow ; one who busies (5) A swelling or abscess. Yor&sh.
himself in base things ; a man who interferes COULD. ' See Coud (2). With the infinitive
mood it expresses a past tense, as could be
with females' business. A term of contempt. was, could take, took, &c.
Perhaps a corruption of cock-quean, q. v. COULDE. To chill, or make cold.
COTSWOLD-LIONS. Sheep. " Have at the COULING-AXE. An instrument used to stock
lyons
401. on cotsolde" Thersites, ap. Collier, ii. up earth. Salop.
COTTAGE-HOUSEN. Cottages. Wilts. COULPE. A fault. (^.-M)
COTTED. Matted; entangled. Line. Also COULPENED. Carved ; engraved, (A.-N.)
pronounced cottered, and cotty. COUL-RAKE. A scraper. North.
GOTTEN. To beat soundly. Eocmoor. COULTER. A plough-share.
COTTER. (1) To mend or patch. Salop. COUNDUE. To guide, or conduct.
(2) To fasten. Leic. COUNDUTE. A song. (A.-N.}
(3) To be bewildered. West. COUNFORDE. Comfort. (A<Jf.)
COTTERIL. (1) A small iron wedge for securing COUNGE. (1) To beat. Northumb.
a bolt. Also called a cotter. The term is (2) A large lump. North.
applied to various articles implying this de- (3)They
Permission. (A.-N.}
finition. enclined to the kyng, and coung6 thay askede.
Aforte Arthurs, MS. Line. f. 58.
(2) A cottage. Kennett. COUNGER. To shrink; Chester Plays, i. 16.
(3) A piece of leather at the top and bottom of To conjure ; ib. ii. 35.
a mop to keep it together. Line. COUNSEL. (1) Secret; private; silence.
(4) A pole for hanging a pot over the kitchen
fire. South. (2) To gain the affections. North.
(5) The small round iron plate in the nut of a COUNT. To account ; to esteem. (A.-N.} Also
wheel. to guess, to expect eagerly.
COTTERILS. Money. North. COUNTENANCE. (1) Importance; account,
, COTTERLIN. A cosset lamb. East. In old law, what was necessary for the sup-
COTTING. Folding sheep in a barn. Heref. port of a person according to his rank.
COTTON. To agree ; to get on well ; to suc- (2) Custom. Gawayne.
ceed, or prosper., Var. dial. It is a common COUNTER. (1) Hounds are said to hunt counter
archaism. when they hunt backward the way the chase
COTTYER. A cottager. Hall. It occurs also came ; to run counter, when they mistake the
direction of their game.
in Piers Ploughman, p. 529.
COTYING. The ordure of a rabbit. (2) To sing an extemporaneous part upon the
COTZERIE. Cheating. (Ital) plain chant.
COUCH. (1) A bed of barley when germinating (3) A coverlet for a bed.
for malt. COUNTER-BAR. A long bar for shop windows.
If the grain "be of a dark colour, and many corns Counter-barred, shut in. with .a bar on tbe'
outside.
have browHrehds, we judge them to have been heated
in the mow, and they seldom come well in the COUNTER-CHECK, A check against a check;
couch. Aubrey's Wilts, MS. Royal Soo> p. 304,
an order to reverse another order,
18
 COU
cou 274
COUNTERS An arithmetician. (A.-N.) COURBULY. Tanned leather. (A.-N.)
Ther is no countere nor clerke COURBYNG. Strengthening a vessel by bands
Con hem reken alle. MS. Con. Calig. A. ii. f. 110- or hoops.
COUNTERFEIT. A portrait, or statue. A COURCHEF. A kind of cap.
piece of bad money was also so called, and Her courcheft were curious,
imitation crockery was known as counterfeits. Hir face gay andMS.gracyous.
Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 333.
30UNTERPAINE. The counterpart of a deed.
See Hall, Henry IV. f. 12; Greene, i. 70. COURDEL. A small cord. Salop.
DOUNTERPASE. The counterpoise. (A.-N.) COURE. (1) Heart; courage. (A.-N.)
" The countrepase was light," Lydgate, p. 50. (2) To crouch down. (A.-N.) Often applied to
COUNTERPLETE. To plead against. (A.-N.) a brooding hen. See Florio, p. 129 ; Wright's
Ageyn the trouthe who so evere stryve, Pol. Songs, p. 157 ; Morte d' Arthur, ii. 195.
Or countei-plete or make any .debat. " The kyng coueris the cragge," MS. Morte
MS. Digby 232, f. 2. Arthure, i. e. creeps up it.
COUNTERPOINT. A counterpane. COURL. To rumble. North.
COUNTERS. Pieces resembling money for- COURSER-MAN. A groom.
merly used in calculations. COURT. The principal house in a village. Also,
COUNTERWAITE. To watch against. (A.-N.) a yard to a house, which is also called a
COUNTIS. Accounts. courtain.
COUNTISE. Art; cunning. (A.-N.) COURT-CUPBOARD. A moveable sideboard,
COUNTOUR. (1) A treasurer. (A.-N.) generally covered with plate, and in fact used
(2) A compting-house. Chaucer. solely for that purpose, without drawers.
POUNTRE. To encounter.
COUNTRETAILLE. A tally answering exactly COURT-DISH. A kind of drinldng-cup so called.
to another. (A.-N.) Gifford sadly blunders on the word in his ed.
of Jonson, v. 380.
COUNTRIES. The under-ground works in some
mines are so called. COURTELAGE. Agarden,or court-yard. (A.-N.)
COURTEPY. A short cloak of coarse cloth.
COUNTRY. A cpunty. J7ar. dial.
COUNTRIFIED. Rustical Var. dial. (A.-N.) CourtMes, Skelton, ii. 420.
COUNTRY-SIDE. A tract or district. North, COURT -FOLD. A farm-yard. Wore.
COUNTRY-TOMS. Bedlam-beggars, q. v. COURT-HOLY-WATER. Insincere complimen-
In — has one property of a scholar, poverty : tary language. *' To fill one with hopes or
you would take him for Country Tom broke loose court-holy-water" Florio, p. 215, See Cot-
from the gallows.
Midsummer Moon, or Lunacy Rampant* 1660. COURTINE. grave in v. Court, Eau. Also, to hide behind
A curtain.
COUNTRY-WIT. Coarse, indelicate wit. a curtain.
COUNTY. A count ; a nobleman. " Countie an COURTING-CARDS. Court cards.
erledome, contt" Palsgrave. COURT-KEEPER. The master at a game of
COUNTYRFE. To contrive. racket, or ball.
COUP. To empty or overset. North. COURT-LAX. Acurtle-ax.
COUPABLE. Guilty; culpable. (A<-N.) COURT-LODGE. A manor-house. Kent.
COUPAGE. A carving, or cutting up. COURT-MAN. A courtier. (A.-N.)
COUP-CART. A short team. North. "A COURT-NOLL. A contemptuous or familiar
coupe-waine," Sharp's Chron. Mirab. p. 7. name for a courtier. See Brit. Bibl. i. 108 ;
Rather, a long cart ? See Coop (2).
COUPCREELS. A summerset. Cumb. Heywood's Edward IV. p. 42 ; Peele, iii. 86.
COURT-OF-GUARD. The place where the
COUPE. (1) A basket. Ellis, iii. 133.
(2) A cup ; a vat. (A.-N.) guard musters.
Of hys cowpe heservyd hym on a day,
COURT-OF-LODGINGS. The principal quad-
In the knyghtys chaumbur he laye. rangle ina palace or large house.
MS. C?ntab. Ff. ii 38, f. 1<<7. COURT-ROLLER. The writer or keeper of the
(3) A coop for poultry. rolls of a court of law.
(4) A piece cut off. Minsheu. Also, to cut with COURTSHIP. Courtly behaviour.
a sword or knife. COUSE. To change the teeth. Warw. For-
(5) To blame. (A.-S.) . merly, to exchange anything, as in the Reliq,
COUPE-GORGE. A cut-throat. (A.-N.) Antiq. ii. 281.
COUPING. An onset 5 an encounter. COUSIN. A kinsman. (Fr.) Often a familiar
COUPIS. Coping. mode of address to a friend. Cousin Betty,
COUPLING. A junction. North. or Cousin Tom, a bedlamite beggar ; now ap-
COUPRAISE. A lever. North. plied to a mad woman or man.
COURAGE. Heart. (A.-N.) Also, to em- COUTELAS. A cutlass, (Fr.)
bolden or encourage. COUTER. A plough-coulter. North.
€OURA£E. Cauliculus, lot. COUTERE. A piece of armour which covered
COURBE. Curved; bent. the elbow.
Hire nefcke isschorte, hire sclmldris cowls, Bristea the rerebrace with the bronde ryche,
That myjte a mannis luste destourbe. Kerves of at the coutere with the clene egge.
Moi-te Arthurs,
Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq, 134, f. 49.
 COY 275 COW
COTJTHE. (1) To make known, discover, pub- iOVERYE. To take care of. (A.-N.}
lish. (A.-S.) COVETISE. Covetousness. CA.-N.)
That it be couthe here alle opinly OVEY. (1) To sit or hatch.
To wite in soth whether I in chastite*
Have ledde my lyf of herte faythfully.
^) A cover for game.
Lydgate, MS, Soc. Antiq. 134, f, 7. (3) A close room ; a pantry. See Davies' Ancient
Rites, pp. 126, 142.
(2) Affable ; kind. (A.-S.) CO VINE. Intrigue; fraud; deceit; a secret
(3) A cold. North. contrivance ; art. In law, a deceitful compact
(4) Could, part. past. between two or more to prejudice a third
COUTHER. To comfort. North.
COUTHLY. Familiarity. party. Also a verb, to deceive. Coviriliche,
COUVER. A domestic connected with a court deceitfully,
And alle Gy
thatofare"W'arwike, p. 32.
of here coveynt
kitchen. Ord. and Beg. p. 331. Alle she bryngeth to helle peyn.
COUWE. Cold. Hearne. MS. Hart. 1701, f. 20.
COUWEE. " Byrne couwee," versus caudati, And thus by sleyjte and by covinef
common final rhyme. Aros the derthe and the famyne.
COVANDE. A covenant. (A.-N.) Gowe)-t MS. Soc. 4ntiq. 134, f. 153.
There salle he se me at hys wylle, For yff thou be offsoche covyne,
Thyne covandes for to fulfille. To gete off love by ravyne,
MS. Lincoln A.i. 17, f. 116. Thy lust yt may the falle thus,
COVART. Secret. (A.-jV.) As yt fylle to Tereus.
MS. Cantab. Pf. i. 6, f. 3.
COVAYTE.In Criste
To thou
covetcovayte
j to desire.
thi solace,
(A.-N.) And whanne they be covyned,
His lufe chaunge thi chere. They faynen for to make a pees.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 1?, f. 222. MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 45.
COVE. (1) A cavern, or cave. Also, a small COW. (1) The moveable wooden top of a malt-
harbour for boats, kin, hop-house, &c.
(2) A lean-to, or low building with a shelving (2) To frighten. South. Shakespeare has cowish,
roof. timid. Also a substantive.
COVEITISE. Covetousness. (3) To scrape. Craven.
COVEL. A kind of coat. (Belg.} COW-BABY. A coward, Somerset.
COVENABLE. Convenient ; suitable. Some- COW-BERRIES. Red whortle-berries.
times equivalent to needful. COW-BLAKES. Dried cow-dung used for fuel.
COVENAWNT. Faithful, ffitson. Var. dial.
COYENT. A convent. (A.-N.) A covenant, COW-CALF. A female calf.
agreement, MS. Morte Arthure. COW-CAP. A metal knob put on the tip of a
COYERAUNCE. Recovery. (A.-N.} cow's horn. West.
COYERCHIEF. Ahead-cloth. (A.-N.) COWCHE R. A book in which the transactions
C07ERCLE. A pot-lid. (A.-N.) of a corporation were registered. See Le-
COYERE. To recover. (A.-N.} To regain, landi Bin. iv. 182.
MS. Morte Arthure ; Rel. Ant. ii. 86. COW-CLAP. Cow-dung. Cow-cfattin&, spread-
Whan Tryamowre was hole and sownde, ing manure on the fields.
And coverede of hys grevus wounde- COW-CUMBER. A cucumber. Var. dial This
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f.
With myrthe and game them betwene form occurs in Holly.band'sDietionarie, 1593.
To cwyr hiv of hur care. MS. Jbid. f. 85. COW-DAISY. Same as cou^ptat, q. v.
COYERLYGHT. A coverlet. ff<sa supellex COWDE. (1) A piece, or gobbet of meat.
tilis est superiv/s indumentum lecti, Anglice a
(2) Obstinate ; unmanageable, West.
coverlyght, MS. Bib. Reg. 12 B. i. f. 13. Co- COWDEL. Caudle.
verlyte, Gesta Rom. p. 133. (3) Could.
COYERNOUR. A governor. COWDY. (1) A small cow. North.
COYER-PAN. A pan with a cover used in the (2) Pert ; frolicsome. North.
COWED. Cowardly; timid. North. A coW
pantry. without horns is called cowed.
COVERT. (1) A kind of lace described in MS. COWEY. Club-footed. North.
HarL2320,f. 59. COW-EAT. The red valerian.
(2) Secresy. (A.-N.) Also an adj. Sometimes, COWFLOP. The foxglove. Devon.
covered. COW-FOOTED. Club-footed. North.
(3) A covering. Cov* Mysf. Also, a cover for COWGELL. A cudgel, ffvtoet.
game.
COVERT-FEATHERS. The feathers close upon COW-GRIPE. A gutter in a cow-stall to carry
the sarcels of a hawk. off the filth,
COVERTINE, A covering. COW-GROUND. Cow-pasture. Ghue.
COVERTURE. A covering. COW-HERD. A cow-keeper.
COW-JOCKEY. A beast-dealer. North.
jif he ever thynke his bargayn to achev«,
He qwith for to kepp feym tinder the coverture COWK. (1) A cow's hoof. Devon.
Of trowthe and of connyng, thi$ I yew ensure, (2) To strain to vomit. North. Also pro*
MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 151 noun<$4 cowfcen aad cowftev*
 cox 2/6
CEA
North. Forby callyhas
tipsy. coxy-roxy, merrily and fantasti-
COWL. (1) To cower down.
(2) See Caul and Cow. COXON. A cockswain.
(3) A poultry coop. Pr. Parv. COY. (1) A decoy. Also, to decoy.
COW-LADY. The lady-bird.
A paire of buskins they did bring (2) A coop for-lobsters. East.
Of the cow-lady es corall wing. CO YE. (1) To quiet ; to soothe. (A.-N.)
fifusarum DelicifB, 1656. (2) To move, or stir in anything.
COWLAY. A meadow for cows. COYEA. Quoth you. Yorksh.
COYLLE. A coal.
COWLICK. A stiff tuft of hair on a cow. Also COYNFAYTES. Comfits.
the same as calfticJc, q. v.
COYNTELICHE, Cunningly.
COWLSTAFF. A staff used for carrying a tub COYSE. Body. (A.-N.)
or basket that has two ; ears. See Lambarde's And prively, withoutenoyse,
Perambulation, p. 367 Strutt, ii. 201. He bryngeth this foule gret coyae.
COWLTES. Quilts. Mapes.p. 334. Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 49.
COW-MIG. The drainage of a cow-house or COYSELL. A consul, or judge. (A.-N.)
dung-hill. North. COYTES. Quoits.
COW-MUMBLE. The cow-parsnip. COYVE. A coif.
COWNCE. Counsel, COZE. To converse with earnestly and fami-
COWNDER. Confusion ; trouble. North. liarly. South.
COWOD. Cold. Tundale. CRA. A crow. East.
COW-PAR. A straw-yard. Norf. CRAB. (1) An iron trivet to set over a fire. Chesh.
COWPIN. The last word. North.
(2) A potato apple. Lane.
COW-PLAT. A circle of cow-dung. (3) To break, or bruise. North.
COW-PRISE. A wood-pigeon. North. CRABAT. A gorget, or riding-band. Narea
COW-QUAKE. Common spurry. East. says, a cravat.
jCOWRING. A term in falconry, when young CRABBAT. Handsome ; comely.
hawks quiver and shake their wings, in token CRABBUN. A dunghill fowl.
of obedience to the old ones. CRABE. To fight one with another. A term
COWS. Slime ore. North. in falconry.
COWS-AND-CALVES. See JBulls-and-cows.
CRABER. The water-rat.
COWSE. To chase animals. Also, to walk about CRAB-LANTHORN. An apple-jack. See p.
' idly. West. 73. Also, a cross, forward child.
COWSHARD. Cow-dung. Called also cow- CRAB-VERJUICE. Vinegar made from crabs.
Sometimes, the juice itself.
s/tarn, cowscarn, and cows' -easinys. See Coo-
per in v, Sccerab&w ; Cotgrave, in v. Bouse ; CRAB-WINDLASS.' A windlass used on the
deck of a barge.
Gosson's Schoole of Abuse, 1579; Nash's
Pierce Penilesse, 1592; Dekker's Knight's CRACCHE. To scratch. (^.-S.)
Conjuring, p. 31. CRACKED. Infirm; broken. (Fr.) CracJiy
Hartflies, they say, are bred out of the dung of still in use in Shropshire.
the deer, as beetles are out of cow&horne. CRACHES. The herb duckweed.
Aubrey's Wilts, Royal Soc. AfS. p. 168. CRACHYNGE. Cracking.
COWSHUT. A wood-pigeon. North. CRACK. (1) A boast. Alsoaverb. Sometimes,
COW-STRIPLINGS. Cowslips, North. Brockett to challenge.
has cow-sty 'apple. A cowstrople in the month (2) To converse. Norf. Also, chat, conversa-
of January, 1632, was considered sufficiently tion, news.
curious to be presented as a new-year's gift. (3)lively Chief;boy.excellent. In early plays, an arch,
See Chron. Mirab. p. 21.
COWT. A colt. Far. dial
(4) To restrain. North.
COWTHERED. Recovered. North.
(5) To curdle. Craven.
COWTHWORT. The motherwort.
(6) " In a crack," immediately.
COW-TIE. A strong rope which holds the cow's (7)throw. A blow or stroke. Also a verb, to strike or
hind legs while milking.
COW-TONGUED. Having a tongue smooth (8) Crepitus ventris. North
one way and rough the other, like a cow. (9) A charge for a cannon.
Hence applied to one who gives fair or foul (10) To creak. Palsgrave.
language as may suit his purpose. (11) A prostitute. North.
COW- WHEAT. The horse-flower. CRACK-BRAINED. Flighty. Var. dial
COW5E. A cough. CRACKED. Cloven. Cracked-piece, a girl
COX. Same as Cokes, q. v. Hence cox-comb, who is no longer a virgin. She was then said
the top of a fool's cap, which was terminated to be cracked in the ring. This latter expres-
with a cock's head and comb. Coxcomb was sion was originally applied to a coin which
applied also to the cap and head of a fool. was cracked beyond the cirde containing the
Coxe is apparently an adjective in Hawkins, inscription, and then considered no longer
i. 236, unless the article is supplied, as in currentriety of;ways.
but it is used metaphorically in a va-
DodsJey. Coxy, conceited, in Warwickshire.
 277
CEA CEA
CRACKEL. A cricket. North. CRAKERS. Choice English soldiers 111 France
CRACKER. A small baking dish ; a small water- temp. Henry VIII. Blount.
biscuit ; a piece of glass shaped like a pear. CRAKIT. Cracked. (^.-JV.)
North. CRALLIT. Engraven.
CRACKET. A low stool. North. CRAM. (1) To tell falsehoods.
CRACKFART. A foolish boaster. (2) A lump of food. North.
CRACKHALTER. A mischievous boy. Shake- (3) To tumble or disarrange. Line.
speare has the term crack-hemp. CRAMBLE. ToLarge
"hobble, or creep.
CRACKING-WHOLE. A slickenslide. CRAMBLES. boughs of trees.North.
CRACKLE. Pork crackling. CRAMBLY. Lame. North.
CRACKLINGS. Crisp cakes. Sussex. More CRAMBO. A diversion in which one gives a
usually called cracknels. See Elyot, in v. Col- word, to which another finds a rhyme. If the
lyra. same word is repeated, a forfeit is demanded,
CRACKMAN. A hedge. which is called a crambo. It was also a term
CRACKCTWES. Long pointed shoes, turned in drinking, as appears from Dekker.
up in a curve. Perhaps so called from Cracow CRAME. (1) To bend. Lane.
in Poland. " "With her longe cra&owis" (2) To join, or mend. North.
CRAMER. A tinker. North.
Reliq. Antiq. L'41.
CRACKROPE. A fellow likely to be hung. A CRAMMELY. Awkwardly. North.
term of contempt. CRAMMOCK. To hobble. Yorksh.
CRACOKE. Refuse of tallow. Pr. Pan?. CRAMOSIN. Crimson. ^.-JV.)
CRACONUM. Same as cracoJce, q. v. CRAMP-BONE. The patella of a sheep, con-
CRACUS. A kind of tobacco. sidered acharm for the cramp.,
CRADDANTLY. Cowardly. North. CRAM PER. A cramp-iron.
CRADDINS. Mischievous tricks. North. CRAMPISH. To contract violently. (A.-N.)
CRADEL. Some part of clothing mentioned in CRAMPLED. Stiff in the joints.
Arthour and Merlin, p. Ill; corresponding CRAMPON. The border of gold which keeps a
perhaps to the cratula. See Ducange, in v. stone in a ring.
CRADLE-SCYTHE. A scythe provided with a CRAMP-RING. A ring consecrated on Good
frame to lay the corn smooth in cutting. Friday, and believed to be efficacious for pre-
GRAFF. A sparrow. Cumb. venting the cramp.
CRAFFLE. To hobble. Derbyxh. CRAMP-RINGS. Fetters. Harmon.
CRAFTE. To deal craftily, or cunningly. Pals- CRAMSINE. To scratch ; to claw.
grave. CRANCH. To grind between the teeth ; to
CRAFTESMAN. A man of skill. crush any gritty substance.
CRAFTIMAN. An artificer. (^ Here doe I meane to crunch, to raunch, to eate.
CRAFTLY. Knowingly ; prudently. (A.-S.) Heytoood't Roy all King, sig. D. iiL
CRAFTY. Skilfully made. (^.-£) CRANE. The criniere. Hall
CRAG. (1) The craw. East. CRANE-GUTTED. Very thin. East.
(2) A deposit of fossil sea-shells, found in the CRANET. (1) Small criniere. See Hall, Henry
Eastern counties. IV. f. 12 ; Meyrick, ii. 258.
(3) The neck, or throat. See Optick Glasse of (2) A small red worm. Cumd,
Humors, 1639, p. 135 ; Ord. and Reg. p. 95. CRANGLE. To waddle. North.
(4) A small beer vessel. CRANION. (1) The skull. Percy.
CRAIER. A kind of small ship. See Hall, (2) Small ; spider-like. Jonson.
Hen. IV. f. 18 ; Harrison, p. 201 ; Holinshed, CRANK. (1) Brisk ; jolly ; merry.
Hist. Engl. i. 155; Hist. Scot. p. 120; Arch, (2) A vessel over-masted.
xi. 162 ; Rutland Papers, p. 42. (3) An impostor. Burton.
Be thanne cogge appone cngge, krayert and other. (4) To mark cross-ways on bread-"* *>.*-butter to
Marie Arthurs t MS. Lincoln t f. 91. please a child. Kent.
CRAISEY. The butter-cup. Wilts. '5) To creak. North.
CRAITH. A scar. West. ) To wind, as a river. Shaft Also, the bend
CRAKANE. The refuse of tallow. of a river.
CRAKE. (1) A crow. North. (7) A reel for winding threa^. Prompt. Parv.
(2) To crack ; to break. (A.-N.) (8) The wheel of a well to draw water with. Ibid.
(3) To quaver hoarsely in. singing. (4.-S.} CRANKIES. Pitmen. North.
(4) To brag, or boast. CRANKLE. Weak ; shattered. North.
(5) To speak, or divulge. West. Also, to shout CRANKS. (1) A toaster. North.
or cry. (2) Pains ; aches. Craven.
(6) The land-rail. East. (3) Offices. South.
(7) To creak. CRANKY. (1) Merry; cheerful. Sometime
CRAKE-BERRIES. Crow-berries. North. ailing, sickly ; but crank is always used in the
CRAKE-FEET, The orchis. North. other sense, and the assertion in Prompt, Parv,
CRAKE-NEEDLES. Shepherds'-needles. p. 92, that it " usually sig»«ifies sickly or fee-*
CRAKER. (1) A boaster. ble," is quite a mistake.
(2) A child's rattle, .JEast. (2) Chequered. North.
 CRA 278 ORE
CRANNY. Quick ; giddy ; thoughtless. CRAVAS. A crevice. Pr. Parv.
GRANTS. Garlands. Sha*. CRAVAUNDE. Coward. (A.-N.)
ORANY. A crumb. Devon. CRAVE. (1) To claim money. North.
CRAP. (1) A hunch, or cluster. West. (2) A chink, or cleft. Pr. Parv.
(2) To snap ; to crack. Somerset. GRAVEL. A mantel-piece. West.
(3) Darnel ; buck-wheat. CRAW. (1) The bosom; the crop of a bird.
(4) A coarse part of beef joining the ribs. Var. Var. dial.
dial (2) A crow. North. Properly, a rook. Sex
(5 The back part of the neck. Ling. Diet. 1549.
(6 Dregs of beer or ale. CRAW-BUCKLES. Shirt-buckles. Beds.
(7 Money. North. CRAW-FEET. The wild hyacinth.
(8 Assurance. Wilts. CRAWK. (1) Stubble. Also, a faggot.
(9 Crept. North. (2) The refuse of tallow. Pr. Parv.
CRAWL. To abound. North.
CRAPAUTE,
MS. Cantab. Ff. The V.toad-stone.
48. (Fr.) Crapote*, CRAWLEY-MAWLEY. In a weak and ailing
CRAPER. A rope. (A.-N.) state ; unwell. Norf.
CRAP-FULL. Quite ML Devon. CRAWLY-WHOPPER. A black-beetle.
CRAPLE. A claw. Spenser. CRAWPARSED. Hog-breeched. North.
CRAPON. A loadstone. (A.-N.) CRAWSE. Jolly; brisk. Yorteh.
CRAPPELY. Lame ; shaky. Line. CRAY. (1) See Crater.
CRAPPING. Gathering crops. West. (2) A disease in hawks, proceeding from <x»
CRAPPINS. Where the coal crops out Salop. and bad diet.
CRAPPY. To snap. Somerset. (3) A kind ofA gum.
CRAYNE. chink, or cleft. Pr. Parv.
CRAPS.fore afire.
(1) TheNorth.
refuse of hog's lard burnt be- CRAYZE. A wild fellow.
(2) Chaff of corn. West. Apparently the same CRAZE. To crack. Devon.
as crappe, Pr. Parv. p. 100. CRAZED. Foolish ; insane. Var. dial
CRAPS ICK. Sick from over-eating or drinking. CRAZEY. Crow's foot. South.
South. CRAZIES. Aches ; pains. North.
CRARE. See Crater. CRAZLED. Congealed. Yorksh.
CRASED. Broken; weakened. (A.-N.) CRAZY. Infirm; dilapidated.
CRASEDEST. Most crazy. CRAZZILD. Coals caked together.
CRASH. (1) To crash, or grind. CREABLE. Capable of being created.
(2} A feast ; an entertainment. CREACHY. Same as crazy, q. v.
(3) To be merry. North. CREAG. The game of ninepins.
CRASHING-CHETES. The teeth. CREAGHT. A drove of cattle.
CRASK. Fat ; lusty ; in good health and spirits ; CREAK. (1) A wicker basket.
hearty.
CRASKE. To crash. Pr. Parv, (2) " To cry creak," to be afraid, to desist from
CRASPIC. A whale, or grampus, any project.
CRASSANTLY. Cowardly. Chesh. (3) A hook. York&k.
CRASSE. Thick; fat. Hall (4) A land-rail. North.
CREAM. (1) To squeeze, or press. West.
CRASSECHE. To split, or crack. (2) To froth, or curdle. North.
CRATCH. (1) A rack of any kind; a manger; (3) A cold shivering. Somerset.
a cradle.
(4) The holy anointing oil.
(2) To eat. Salop. CREAMER. One who has a stall in a market
(3) A pannier. Derlysh. Also, a kind of hand- or fair.
barrow ; a wooden frame used in husbandry. CREAMFACED. Pale. South.
(4) A wooden dish. YorJcsh+ CREAM-WATER. Water with a kind of oil or
(5) A clothes pole. Sussex. scum upon it.
(6) Warts on animals. North. CREAMY. Chilly. Devon.
(7) To claw, or scratch. CREANCE. (1) Faith ; belief. (A.-N.)
CRATCHINGLY. Feeble; weak. North. This mayden taujte the creance
CRATE. (1) A wicker basket. North. Gene- Unto this wyf so perfitly.
rally used for crockery. Gower, MS. Soc. Jntiq. 134, f. 69.
C2) An old woman. See Towneley Myst. p, 201. (2) Credit ; payment, (A.-N.)
Ritson misreads tratein Anc. Pop. Poet. p, 77. And -with his precyous bloode he wroote the bille
CRATE-MEN. Itinerant venders of earthen- Upon the crosse, as general acquytauaoe
ware. Staff. To every penytent in ful creaunce.
CRATHAYN. A craven ; a coward. Rom. ofthfs Mmfcv $icn College Mi*
CRATHER. A kind of scythe. (3) To borrow money. (A.-N.)
CRATTLE. A crumb. North. (4) The string with which a hawk is secured.
CRAUCHE. The refuse of tallow. CREANT. Recreant; craven.
CRAUP. Crept. West. CREAS. The measles. Yorftsh.
CRAVAISE. The cray-fish. (A.-N.) CREASE. (1) A curved tile. West.
CRAVANT, Craven • cowardly. (2) The top of a horse's neck.
 279 CRI
CUE
(3) Loving ; fond. Lane. CRESSAWNTE. A crescent ; an ornament for
(4) A split, or rent. East. a woman's neck,
(5) To increase* Devon. CRESSE. A rush. " I cownt hym noghte at a
CREATE. Created. (Lot.) cresse" Lincoln- MS.
CREATURE. (1) The Creator. CRESSET. An open lamp, suspended on pivots
(2) A poor miserable person. in a kind of fork, aiid carried upon a pole,
CREAUK. A crooked stick. North. formerly much used in nocturnal processions.
CREAUNCER. A creditor. (A.-N.) The light was a wreathed rope smeared with
CREAUNSER. A tutor. Skelton. pitch or rosin stuck on a pin in the centre of
CREAUNT. Believing. (A.-N.) the bowl. The cresset was sometimes a hol-
CREB.ULLE. A cripple. (A.-N.) low pan filled with combustibles, and, indeed,
CRECH. A crutch. North. any hollow vessel employed for holding a light
CRED A.NS. Credit ; reputation. was so called.
CREDENT. Credible. Shak. CREST. (1) Increase. (A.-N.)
CREDILLE. A cradle. H&arne. (2) In architecture, a term for any ornamenta-
CREE. (1) To seethe. North. upper finishing.
(2) To pound, or bruise. North. I se castels, I se eke high towres;
(3) A hut or sty. Cumb. Walles of Stone crestyd and bataylled.
CREECH. To scream. Somerset. MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6; f. 13,
CREED. Hard. YorJcsh. (3) The top of anything ; the ridge of a Mil or
CREEK. A servant. Suffolk bank ; a balk.
CREEL. (1) A wicker basket. North. (4) The rising part of a horse's neck.
(2) A butcher's stool. North. CREST-TILES. Tiles used for covering the
(3) A wooden frame for oak-cakes. ridge of a roof.
CREEM, (1) To convey slily. Chesh. CRETE. A kind of sweet wine. « Creticke
(2) To pour out. North. wine," TopselTs Beasts, p. 276.
GREEN. To pine. Devon. Thane clarett and creette clergyally rennetae.
GREENY. Small; diminutive. Wilts. Morte Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f.55
CREEP. (1) To raise, or hoist up. CRETOYNE. A sweet sauce. (A.-N.)
(2) A ridge of land. CREUDEN. Cried ; roared, pi.
CREEPER. (1) A louse. Var. dial CREUSE. A cup. (A.-N.)
(2) A small stool. North. CREVASSE. A chink or crevice. (A.-N.) Ore-
CREEPERS. (1) Small low irons in a grate oe- vescez, MS. Lincoln A. i. 17,f. 15; Creveys,
tween the andirons. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 7.
(2) A nervous fidget. Var. dial. CREVET. A cruet. East.
(3) Low pattens. Norf. CREVIL. The head. (A.-N.)
(4) Grapnels. East. CREVIN. A crack, or crevice. North.
CREEP-HEDGE. A vagrant. East. CREVISE. A cray-fish. (Fr.} Sometimes, a
lobster, as in MS. Artmd. 249.
CREEPINS. A beating. Craven. ' CREW. A coop. Salop.
CREEPLE. (1) A cripple.
(2) To squeeze ; to compress. East. CREWDLE. To crouch together. North.
CREEZE. Squeamish. West. CREWDLING. A slow mover. Chesh.
CREJL. A dwarfish man. North. CRE WD S. The measles. North.
CREILED. Speckled; variegated. Cumb. CREWEL. (1) A cowslip. Somerset.
CREKE. (1) A crane. (A.-N.) (3) Fine worsted, formerly much in use for
(2) A basket. Pr. Parv. fringe, garters, &c.
CREKYNE. To cluck, as hens, Pr. Parv. CREWNTING. Grumbling. Smnoor.
CREME. Chrism; ointment. CREW-YARD. A farm-yard. Line.
CREMESYN. Crimson velvet. CREYSEDE. Crossed. Hearts.
CRENELLE. A loophole in a fortress. Some, CREYSERY. A crusade. (A.-N.)
times, a battlement. CRIANDE. Crying. (A.-N.)
CRENSEYN. Crimson. (A.-N.) CRIB. (1) A child's bed. Var. dial.
CREOPEN. To creep ; to crawl. '2) A lock-up house. Salop.
CREPEMOUS. A term of endearment. Pals-
')forA cattle.
rack or manger. Var. dial Also, a fold
grave's Acolastus, 1540. Still in use.
CREPIL. A cripple. (A.-S.) CRIB-BITER. A horse that draws in his
CREPINE. Fringe worn with a French hood^; breath, and bites his manger.
the crespine, or golden net-caul, Planche, CRIBBLE. (1) A finer sort of bran, Cribil-brede,
p. 117. Reliq, Antiq. i. 9. See Cotgrave, in v. Bourgeois
CREPPID. Crept. (A.-S.} (2) A corn-sieve. Hottyband.
CRESCIVE. Increasing in power* CRICK. The gaffle of a cross-Bow.
CRESCLOTH. Fine linen cloth.
CRICKER. A collier's horse. Also, a man
CRESE. To increase. (A.-N.) that carries heavy loads on a horse. West.
CRESMEDE. Christened. (A.-N.)
CRESOLITE. Crystal. CRICKET. (!'} A low stool.
(2) Said of a ferret, marte appetens.
 CEI 280
CEO
CRICKET-A-WICKET. Merry ; also, to jog CRISLED. Goose-fleshy. Ford.
up and down. CRISOME. See Chrisome.
CR1CKLE. To bend ; to stoop. Var. dial CRISP. (1) Pork crackling. South.
CRICKS. Dry hedgewood. West. (2) To curl. Crispy, wavy.
CRIED-UP. Much praised. Var. dial. (3) Fine linen ; cobweb lawn.
CRIEL. A kind of heron. (4) A kind of biscuit. North.
CRIEYNGES. Prayers. Weber. CRISPE. Curled. (Lat.)
CRIG. A wooden mallet. North. Also a verb, CRISPING-IRON. A curling-iron.
to beat. CRISPIN'S-LANCE. An awl.
CRIINDE. Crying. Eol. Glouc. CRISPLE. A curl. Also a verb.
CRIKKET. A creek. Leland. CRISSY. A crisis. East.
CRISTALDRE. The lesser centaury. Gerard.
CRILL. Chilly; goosefleshy. Lane.
CRIM. (1) To shiver. /. Wight. Spelt Cristesladdre, and explained centaurea
(2) A small portion of anything. West. major, in MS. Sloane 5, f. 3.
CRISTEN. A kind of plum.
CRIMANY ! Interj. of sudden surprise. Some- CRISTENDOM. Baptism. WicUiffe.
times, crimine jemminy !
And that bastard that to the ys dere,
CRIMBLE. To creep slily. East. To crim-
ble-i'-th'-poke, to fly from an agreement, to Crystyndome schalle he non have here.
act cowardly. MS. Cantab. Ff. li. 38, f. •».
CRIME. Cry; report. West. CRISTENE. Christian. (A.-N.}
CRIMME. To crumble bread. CRISTENING. Christian faith.
CRIMMLE. To plait up a dress. CRISTINE. A kid. (A.-N.)
CRIMP. (1) A game at cards. GRISTING. Baptism. (A.-N.)
CRISTYGREY. A kind of fur, much used in the
(2) A dealer in coals. Norf. fifteenth century.
(3) To be very stingy. Devon.
(4) Inconsistent ; inconclusive. Of no devyse embroudid hath hire wede,
CJRIMPS. In the crimps, well set out in clothes. Ne furrid with ermyn ne with cristygrey.
Lydgate, MS. Soc. Anilq. 134, f. 25.
CRINCH. (1) A small bit. Glouc.
(2) Same as cranch, q. y. CHIT. A hovel. Salop.
CRITCH. Stony. Line.
(3) To crouch together. North.
CRINCHLING. A very small apple, also called CRITICK. The art of criticism.
a cringling. East. CRITUARY. A kind of sauce.
CRINCKLE. See Crimole. CROAK. To die. Oxon.
CRINCOMES. The lues venerea. CROAKER. A raven. Jonson.
CRINDLE. A kernel. Lane. CROAKUM-SHIRE. Northumberland.
CRINE. To shrink ; to pine. North. CROAT. A bottle. Suffolk.
CRINETTS. The long small black feathers on CROB. (1) A clown. North.
a hawk's head. (2) To tyrannize over. Jorksh.
CRINGLE. A withe or rope for fastening a CROBBE. The knops of leafy buds, used as
gate with. North. pendants from the roof.
CRINGLE-CRANGLE. A zig-zag. North. CROCARD. Some kind of bird, mentioned in
CRINITE. Hairy. (Lett.) Arch. iii. 157 ; Ord. and Reg. p. 223.
CRINK. (1) A very small child. West. CROCE. (1) A cross. (A.-S.)
(2) A crumpling apple. Heref. (2) A crook ; a crozier.
CRINKLE, (1) To rumple. Var. dial CROCERE. The bearer of a pastoral staff, or
(2) To bend; to waver. North. crozier. Pr. Paw.
To form into loops, as thread sometimes CROCHE. (1) A crutch. (^.-.V.) MVhicbe
(3)does. Line. wende his helpe a croche" Gower, MS.
(4) To shrink. Suffolk.
CRINKLE-CRANKLE. A wrinkle. North. (2) The top of a stag's head, the knob at the
top of it. Crooked. (A.~N.)
CROCKED.
" Full of crinJclecrarikles" Cotgrave,
CRINZE. A drinking cup. CROCHEN. The crochet in music.
CRIP. To cut the hair. West. CROCHET. A hook, (A.-N.)
CRIPLING. Tottery. North. CROCHETEUR. A porter. (Fr.}
CRIPLINGS. Short spars at the sides of CROCK. (1) An old ewe. Yorksh.
houses. The cramp in hawks.
CRIPPIN. See Crepine. A kind of muslcet.
CRIPPLE-GAP. A hole left in walls for sheep Soot. Also, to black with soot,
to pass through. North. Also called a crip- A pot ; an earthen vessel. To crock, to lay
ple-hole. up in a crock.
CRIPPLIFIED. Crippled. Munday. (SJ To decrease ; to decay. North.
CRIPS. Crisp; curled. West. (7) Under hair in the neck.
CRISH. Cartilage. East. (8) The hack of a fire-place. West.
CRISIMORE. A little child. Devon. No (9) An old laid egg. North.
4oubt from vhrisome, q, v, CROCK-BUTTER. Salt-butter. South.
 CRO 281 CEO
CROCKET. A large roll of hair, much worn in meanings are said to be connected with each
the time of Edward I. other.
Be nat proud of thy croTcet CRONE-BERRIES. -Whortle-benies,
Yn the cherche to tyfe and set. CRONELL. A coronal, or garland. Also, the
MS. Harl. 1701, f. 22, coronal of a lance, called cronet. by Hall,
His o-okee kembt, and theronset Henry IV. f. 12.
A nouche with a chapelet. CRONESANKE. The periscaria.
Gowert MS. Soc. Antlq. 134, f. 171. CRONGE. A hilt, or handle.
CROCKETS. Projecting flowers or foliage used CRONIQUE. A chronicle. (^.-JV.)
in Gothic architecture. The tale y thenke of a cronique
CROCKS. (1) Locks of hair. Eel. Ant. ii. 175. To telle, yf that it may the like.
(2) Two crooked timbers, of natural bend, form- Gcwer, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. £8.
ing an arch, seen in old buildings. North. CRONK. (1) To croak; to prate. North.
CROCKY. (1) Sooty. East. (2) To perch. Yortsh.
(2) A small Scotch cow. North. ($) To exult over with insult. Hunter* sHalfamh*
CRODART. A coward. NMh. Glass.
CRODDY. To contest ; to strive ; to play very CRONNY. Merry ; cheerful. Deri.
roughly. North, CRONOGRAPHY. A history. Hall.
CRODE. A mole. North. CRONY. An intimate friend.
CROFT. (1) A meadow near a house ; a small CROO. (l)Tocoo. North.
common field ; any inclosure. (2) A crib for cattle. Lane,
(2) A vault. Kent. CROOCH. To crouch down. Oxon.
CROGGED. Filled. Oxmi.
CROODLE. To cower; to crouch; to cuddle.
CROGGLE. Sour, or curdy. Yorksh. Also, to feel cold.
CROGHTON-BELLY. A person who eats a CROOK. (1) The devil. Somerset.
great deal of fruit. Lane. '2) The crick in the neck.
CROGNET. The coronal of a spear. 3) A chain in a chimney for hanging boilers on.
CROICE. Across. (4.-N.) North.
CROISE. A drinldng-cup. (4) Abend or curvature. Also a verb, to make
CROISERIE. The Crusade. (^.-M) crooked.
CROKE, (1) Refuse ; the bad or useless part of CUOOKEL. To coo. North.
anything. Line. CROOKEN. To bend. Yorksh.
2) A kind of lance. (^.-M) CBOOK-LUG. A long pole with a hook afc the
3) A trick ; a turn. North. end of it, used for pulling down dead branches
4) The ordure of the hare. of trees. Glouc.
5) To bend. CROOKS. (1) The furniture of pack-horses ;
Into the water he croTcede downe,
And was in perelle for to drowne. long pieces of timber, sharpened above, and
2fS. Lincoln, A. 1. 17, f. 125. bent in a particular manner, to support burdens
on horses. Devon.
(6) A hoo k.
Hyt was made full weywarde, (2) Hinges. North,
Full of entity* of stele harde. CROOLu To mutter j to murmur.
MS. Cantab, Ff. Ji. 38, f.39. CROOM. A small portion of anything. So-
CROKED. Lame ; infirm. merset.
CROKEKELY. Hookedly, CROON. To bellow ; to roar. North. Also, to
murmur softly.
CROKE R. (1) A grower of saffron. See Har-
CROONCH. To encroach. East.
rison's England, pp. 232, 233.
(2) A cottage without stairs. CROOP, To rake together; to be miserly.
CROLLE. Curled. Kyng Alis. 1999. Devon.
CROLLING. The rumbling, or grumbling of CROOPBACK. A hump-back.
the stomach. Palsgrave, CROOPY. (1) Hoarse. North.
CROM. (1) To crowd. North. (2) To creep ; to bend. Dorset,
(2) To arrange anything. Lane. CROOSE. An assistant to the banker at the
CROMJB. (1) A crook ; a staff with a hook at the game of Same
basset.as croti, q. v.
end of it. Norf. This term occurs in the CROOT.
Pr. Parv, p. 104. CROP. (1) The gorge of a bird. "Neck an<J
(2) Pulp; kernel; the crumb. See Forme of crop," completely, entirely. •
Cury, p. 62 ; MS. Arund. 249, f, 89. (X-£) (2) A shoot of a tree, grown in one season.
CROMP, Witty. Oxon. North. Properly, tie head or top of a tree,
CROMPYL3X Crumpled. the extreme shoot ; any shoot; a sprig of a
CROMPYNG. Curving, said of a dog's tail.
fifaistreofthe Game. (3) The spare-rib. Var. dial,
CROMSTER. A kind of vessel having a crooked plant.
prow. |Duty (4) The top. Caf.-SL)
And of the hilles he Celleth there aryjte
CRONE. An old ewe. Also, an old woman, How hefidialle 1x>we hem and ihe.croppis he»i*.
generally in an opprobrious sense. These Z&dgate, MS, Sbe. Anti* 134, f. 18.
 CRO 282 CRO

(5) To crop the causey, to walk unyieldingly CROSS-PURPOSES. A child's game. Also,
down the centre. confusion and difficulties.
CROPE. (1) Crept. (^.*£) CROSS-QUARTERS. Diagonal openings in the
This lady tho was crope aside, turret of a building.
As sche that wolde hire&elveti hide. CROSS-HOW. The alphabet.
Goiuer, MS. Soc* Antiq. 134, f. 06. CROSS-SOMER. A beam of timber.
(2) To creep slowly. East. CROSS-SWORD. One with a cross-bar foi its
(3) The crupper. Weber.
(4) The finial of a canopy, &c. CROSS-THE-BUCKLE. A peculiar and diffi-
guard.cult step in rustic dancing.
(5) A band, or fillet. (A.-N.) CROSS -TOLL. A passage toll*
(6) Crooked. Palsgrave.
CROSS-TRIP. In wrestling, when the legs are
CROPIERS. The housings- on a horse's back. crossed one within the other.
(A.-N.)
GROPING. The surface of coal. CROSS-VEIN. One vein of ore crossing an-
CROPONE. The buttock or haunch, (A.-N.) other at right angles.
CROPORE. The crupper. (A.-N.) CROSS-WEEK. Rogation week.
CROP-OUT. To appear above the surface, as a CROSS-WIND. To warp ; to twist. North.
stratum of coal, &c. Thou inaist behold how it is scorcht with love,
CROPPEN. (1) Crept. North. And every way croswounded Womanwith
in desire. - 1597.
the Moone,
(2) To eat, as a bird. (A.-S.)
(3) The crop of a hen. Cumb. CROSTELL. A wine-pot.
CROPPY. A Roundhead. CRO S WORT. Herla Crimatica^i.
CROP-RASH. The loose soft stone above the CROTCH. (1) A crutch. East.
solid vein. Warw. (2) Same as cliff, q. v.
CROP-WEED. The black matfellon. (3) A post with a forked top, used in buil ding, &c.
GROSE. A crosier. (4) The place where the tail of an animal
CROSHABELL. A courtezan. Kent. commences.
CROSS. (1) To cashier. CROTCH-BOOTS. Water boots. East.
(2) A piece of money. CROTCH-BOUND. Lazy. East.
(3) The horizontal piece near the top of a dagger. CROTCHED. (1) Cross ; peevish. East.
(4) To dislodge a roe-deer. Also, to double in (2) Crooked ; hooked. North.
a chase. CROTCHET. A metal hook.
(5) To keep the crop, to monopolize the market CROTCH-ROOM. Length of the legs.
CROTCH-STICK. A crutch. East.
place. CROTCH-TAIL. A kite. Essex.
(6) To cleave the back-bone, a term in cutting
, up deer. CROTCH-TROLLING. A method of trolling
CROSS-AND-PILE. The game now called or angling for pike. Norf.
heads-and-tails. See Nomenclator, ?• 299. CROTE. A clod of earth.
CROSS-BARS. A boy's game. CROTELS. The ordure of the hare, rabbit, or
CROSS-BATED. Chequered. goat. Also called croteys and crotising. The
CROSS-BITE. To swindle; to cheat; to de- Maistre of the Game, MS. Bodl. 546, has
ceive. Cross-bite, cross-bit er} a swindler. croteynge of the hart.
Florio has, " Furbdre, to play the cheater, the CROTEY. Soup ; pottage. (A.-N.)
cunnie-catcher or cros$e<-Mter." CROTONE. A dish in cookery, described in
CROSS-DAYS. The three days preceding the the Forme of Cury, p. 34.
feast of Ascension, CROTTE. A hole ; a corner. (A.-N.)
CROSSE-BACCED. Having a bar through, as CROTTLES. Crumbs. North.
shot. See Ord. and Reg. p. 272. Qu. crosse- CROTTLING. Friable. Worth.
barred ? CROU. A hut ; a sty. Devon.
CROSSED. Taken the cross. CROUCH. A tumble ; wrinkle. Oxon.
CROSSE-ISLED. A church with transepts is CR.OUCHE. (1) A piece of money.
so called. Come hitler to me, sone, and loke wheder
CROSSELET. A crucible. (A<-N.) In this purse whether ther be eny cros or crowed,
CROSS-EYE. A violent squint. East. Save nedel and threde and themel of kther.
GROSS-GARTERED. Having the garters Occleve, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 2*4.
crossed on the leg. (2) To sign with the cross. (A.-S<) Also, a
CROSS-GRAINED. Not straight grained, as cross. Hence Crutched Friars.
wood. Hence, obstinate, peevish. CROUCHMAS. Christmas. Tusser.
CRO S S-LAY. A cheating wager, CROUD. (1) To coo. North.
CROSSLET. A frontlet.
(2) The crypt of a church.
CROSS-MORGANED. Peevish. North. (3) A coarse apple pasty. Wilts.
CROSS-PATCH. A peevish child. Also called (4) A fiddle. Also a verb.
a cross-pot* CROUDE. To shove together. (A.-S.)
CRQSS-PATJS. The cross at the top of a ball CROUDEWAIN. A cart ; a waggon. Perhaps a
feald by a sovereign. kind of barrow*
 283 CRU
CRO
CROUHHE. A pan ; a pitcher. CROWISH. Spirited; pert. North.
CROUKE. (1) A crow. North. CROWKEEPER. A boy employed to scare
(2) An earthen pitcher. (A.-S.) crows from land, in former times armed witli
(3) To hend. (A.-S.) a bow. East.
CROULE. Curled. Chaucer. CROWLANDE. Exulting; boasting.
CROUME. Sharp ; cutting. (A.-N,} CROWLE. To grumble, or make a noise in the
CROUN. The circle of hair produced by the stomach.
priestly tonsure. (A.*N.) CROW-LEEK. The hyacinth.
CROUNCORN. A rustic pipe. CROWN. To hold an inquest. North. See
CROUNMENT. A coronation. (A.-N.) Sharp's Chron. Mirab. pp. 4, 88.
CROUP. (1) To croak. North. CROWNACLE. A chronicle.
2) A disease in poultry. CROWNATION. A coronation. Miege.
3) The ridge of the back. (A.-N.} CROWNED-CUP. A bumper.
4) To stoop ; to crouch. Cumb. CROWNER. A coroner. Var. dial
5) The craw ; the belly. Also, the buttock CROWNET. A coronet.
or haunch, CROWNING. Slightly arched. East.
CROUPY-CRAW. The raven. North. CROWN-POST. In building, the post which
CROUS. (1) Merry; brisk; lively; bumptious. stands upright between the principal rafters.
" Cruse or crous, saucy, malapert, Bor." Ken- CROWNS. Crowns-of-the-sun, a gold crown so
nett, MS. Lansd. 1033. Evidently connected called from the mint mark, worth about 4s. $d.
with cms, wrathful, Havelok, 1966 ; and hence Crowns-of-the-rose were coined by Henry
perhaps crusty. The following is an instance YIII. in 1526, and worth the same sum.
of the word in the same sense as in Havelok. CROW-PARSNIP. The dandelion.
Ajeyn hem was he kene and crous, CROWPYNE. A crupper. Pr. Parv.
And seide, goth out of my Fadir hous. CROWS HELL. The fresh-water muscle.
Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll 3V£». Cantab. f.M.
CROWS-NEST. Wild parsley.
(2) To catterwaul ; to provoke. East CROWSOPE. The herb Samponaria.
CROUSLEY. To flatter; to court. Devon.
CROWSTONE. The top stone of the gable end
CROUTH, of a house.
CROUWEPIL. A fiddle The ;herb
a croud, q. v.
crane-bill '
CROWT. To pucker up.
CROW. (1) A cattle-crib. Lane. CROW-TIME. Evening. East.
(2\ An iron gavelock. North. CROW-TOE. The ranunculus.
(3) To claim. Somerset. CROW-TRODDEN. Having crow-feet, q. v.
(4) To pull or pluck a crow, to complain or CROYDON-SANGUINE. A sallow colour.
quarrel with any one. CROYN. To cry, as deer do in rutting time ;
(5) To give the crow a pudding, to die. to murmur low.
(6) A pigsty. Devon. CROYZ. The cross.
CROW-BELL. CROZZILS. Half-burnt coals. 7orW,
In a ground of mine called Swices grcwes abun- CRUB. A crust, or rind. Devon.
dantly aplant called by the people hereabout crow" CRUBBIN. Food. West.
bells, which T never saw anywhere but there. Mr.
Rob. Good, K.A. tells me that these wow-bells have CRUBBY. Dry crusty bread. Devon.
blew flowers, and are common to many shady places CRUBS. The wooden supporters of panniers*
in this countrey. or bags, on a horse. West.
Aubrey's Wilts, Royal 3oc. 2WST. p. 126. CRUCCHEN. To crouch. (>£)
CROW-BERRY. Empetrum nigrum, Lin. CRUCE. Same as croise, q. v.
CROWCH. (1) A crutch. Percy. They had sucked such a juce
(2) Crooked. Huket. Out of the good ale ej-wce,
Wherin they founde no dregges,
CROW-COAL. Inferior coal. Cumb. That neyther of them his hed
CROWD. (1) To wheel about. Norf. Coulde cary home to his bed,
(2) To move one thing across another ; to make For lacke of better legges.
a grating noise. The UnZwc&ie Fiw«»tfe.
(3) Congealed milk. North.
CRUCHE. A bishop's crosier.
CROWD-BARROW. A wheel-barrow. Norf. CRUCHET. A wood-pigeon. North.
CROWDING. A barrow. Paston. CRUCIAR. A crucifier. WickUffe.
CROWDLING. Timid ;duU; sickly. West. CRUCK. A crock, or pot. Junius.
CROWD Y. A mess of oatmeal, generally mixed CRUCKLE. To bend; to stoop. East.
with milk. North. CRUD. (1) Crowded. East.
CROWD Y,KIT. A small fiddle. West. (2) Carted ; put in a cart, or Harrow. Hence,
CROWDY-MAIN. A riotous assembly ; a cock- conveyed.
fight a; crowded mixture. North. (3) To coagulate. Baret.
CROWDY-MUTTON. A fiddler. CRUDDLE. To coagulate ; to curdle. Also* to
CROWD Y-PIE. An apple-turnover. West. crowd or huddle.
CROW-FEET. The wriaktes which spread from CRUDELEE. To cry like a pheasant
the outer comers of tfe# eye. CRUDL& To shudder, or shake. North.
C^OWTLQWER. The craw-foot. North.
CRUDLY. Crumblmg. Salop. '
 CRU CUB
284
CRUDS. Curds. (A.-S.) 226 ; Nomenclator, p. 233 ; Collier's Old Bal-
CRUEL. (1) Very. Var. dial. lads, p.34 ; Holinshed, Hist. Engl, i. 63.
CRUSH. Gristle. East. To crush a cup, to
(2) Keen ; valiant.
(3) Sad. Exmoor. finish a cup of liquor.
CRUSKE. An earthen vessel.
(4) Fine worsted. CRUSSEL, Gristle. East. Also crustle. Min-
(5) A cowslip. Devon. sheu has the first form.
CRUELS. The shingles. YorksJi.
The vessels which contained wine CRUSTADE. A dish in cookery, described in
CRUETS.
and water for the service of the altar. MS. Sloane 1201, f. 32 ; Warner's Antiq. Cu-
CRUIVES. Enclosed spaces in a dam or weir lm, p.65 ; Ord. and Reg. pp. 442, 452 ; crus-
for taking salmon. North. tard, Pegge's Forme of Cury, p. 70.
CRUK. A bend, or shoot. Salop. CRUSTATION. The cusps of windows.
CRUKE. A crooked staff. (A.-S.) CRU STIVE. Covered with crust.
CRUSTY. Surly ; cross. Var. dial.
Bi the tane of the laykanes that thou sent us, the CRUT. A dwarf. North.
whilkoes made of wandezand ci-ukez donwardezat
the over-end, we understand that alle the kyngez of CRUTCHET. A perch. Warw.
the werlde, and alle the grete Jordez sallelowte tille CRUTCH-NIB. The lower, or right hand handle
us. MS. Lincoln A. 3. 17> f- 8. of a plough.
CRULE. (1) See Cruelty. CRUTTLE. (1) A crumb. North.
(2) To curl. (A.-S.) (2) To curdle. Northumo.
His hondes otherwhile to quake, (3) To stoop down ; to fall. North.
Hit cropeth crulyng in his bake. CRY. (1) Out of all cry, out of all estimation.
Cujsor MunAi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 23. Nares. " Cry you mercy," I beg your pardon.
shiver
(3)theTo fire with cold. Also, to crouch near '2) The giving mouth, or the music of hounds.
when cold.
CRUM. To stuff. North. ;3) To challenge, bar, or object to. Somerset.
CRUMBLES. Crumbs. East. r4) A proclamation. (.*£•£)
!5) The head. (A.-N.)
CRUM CAKES, Pancakes. North. 1RYANCE. Fear. (^.-Ar.)
GRUME. A small portion. (A.-S.) CRY'D-NO-CHILD, A woman cried down by
GRUME NAL. A purse. Spenser. her husband. Lane.
CRUMMY, (1) Plump ; fleshy. North. CRYING-OUT. An accouchement.
(2) A cow with crooked horns. CRYING THE-MARE. An ancient sport in
CRUMP. (1) Hard; crusty. North. Also, to Herefordshire at the harvest home, when the
eat a crusty loaf. reapers tied together the tops of the last blades
(2) Out of temper. North. of corn, and standing at some distance, threw
(3) The cramp. Var. dial their sickles at it, and he who cut the knot
(4) Crooked. ' Crump ^lacJc •, &c. " Crumpt or CRYKE. had the prize. Also called crying-the-neck.
crookt," Nomenclator, p. 44. A creek. Prompt. Pan).
(5) The rump. North. CRYMOSIN. Crimson.
CRUMPLE. (1) To rumple. Var. dial CRYSEN, Cries. Audelay, p. 2.
(2) To wrinkle ; to contract. West. Crumple- CRYSINEDE. Christened. (A.-N.}
footed, having no movement with the toes. Cowlefulle cramede of cryainede childyre.
CRUMPLED. Twisted ; crooked. Crumponde, Mforte Arthw e, MS. Lincoln, f. 64.
CRYSOME. See Chrisome.
Wright's Pol. Songs, p. 329. And founde in a my some oure Savyour swote,
CRUMPLING. Same as Crinchling, q. v. Hence,
A blessyd chylde forrayd in blode and bone.
a diminutive or deformed person. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 3d, f. q«.
CRUMPLY. Wrinkled. Devon. CRYSTALL. The crest?
CRUMPY. Short ; brittle. North. Befyse smote Quore with Mordelay
CRUNCH. To crush. Var. dial. Uj>on the helme on hye,
CRUNCKLE. To creak. Howell Cotgrave, That the cry&tatt downe fleye.
" to creake like a crane." MS. Cantab. Ff. ii.38, f. 123,
CRUNDLES. Scorbutic swellings. Devon. CRYSTALS. The eyes. Shak.
CRUNE. To bellow ; to roar. North. CRYSTENDE. Christened. (A.-N.)
CRUNEY. To whine. Dewn. CRYSTYANTE. Christendom. (A.-N.)
CRUNKLE. To rumple. Var. dial CRYZOM. Weakly. Craven.
CRUP. Crisp ; short ; surly. South. CU. A cow. (A..S.)
CRUPEL A cripple. Rel. Ant. i. 243. CUB. (1) A chest, or bin. North.
Meseles are hole and crupels go 1*151,, (2) A crib for cattle. Glouc. Also, to coop up,
Deefe ban herynge, and blynde han sijt. or confine in a coop.
Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 81.
) A lump or heap of anything ; a confused mass.
CRUPYARD. The crupper. Tqpsell. )Gent.
A martern
CRUS. See Crow. Rec. ii.in75.theAlso,firsta year.
young See
fox. Blome's
CRUSADO. A Portuguese coin, mentioned by CUBA. A game at cards*
Webster, i. 69 ; Harrison, p. 219. CUBBORD. A sideboard. Literally, a table
CRUSE. Same as cruce <j. v. See Florio, p. for holding the cups* It sometime* bad door*
 cue 285
CUL

CUBBY-HOLE. A snug place, Var, dial. CUCURBITS. A gourd ; a vessel shaped like a
CUBUR. A cover. (A.-N.} gourd. (Lat.)
CUCCU. A cuckoo. (A.-S.} CU CURD. A kind of plant.
Tak the rute of the wilde cucwrd, and dry it, and
CUCK. (1) To place a woman in the cucking- schere it in schyves, and mak tentis therof to fande
stool, q. v. hou depe the hole is. MS. Mad. Line. f. 313.
(2) To cast ; to throw. North. CUD. Could. North.
CUCK-BALL. Same as cucJcoo-ball, q. v. CUDBERDUCE. The Cuthbert-duck, a bird of
CUCKING-STOOL. An engine formerly used the Farn island off Northumberland. See
for Arch, xiii. 341.
them thein punishment
the water, after of they
women,
we re"byplaced
ducking
in a CUDDEN. A fool ; a clown.
stool or chair fixed for the purpose. The CUDDIAN. A wren. Devon.
chair was sometimes in the form of a close
CUDDLE. To embrace ; to hug ; to squeeze ; to
stool, and the back of it generally ornamented lie close together.
with pictures of devils flying away with scolds, CUDDY. Cuthbert. North. Cuddy-ass is a
&c. It was originally used for the punishment common name for a donkey. Cuddy, a silly
of offences against the assize, Rehq. Antiq. ii. fellow.
176, but was afterwards employed for scolds
and prostitutes, and continued in vogue in CUDDY'S-LEGS. Large herrings.
CUDE-CLOTH. A chrisome cloth. North.
some places till the middle of the last century. CUDGEL. To embroider thickly,
The sitting in the chair with the feet and head CUDS-LIGGINS. An exclamation.
bare was also used as penance unaccompanied He smelt soe strangely, I told him yon were not
with trie ducking, and the form of the stool of within ; foh, cute Hggin*, I cannot get the sent of
course contributed to increase the degrada- him out of my nose. MS. BodL 30.
tion. See further in Wright's Archaeological CUD-WEED. The cotton weed.
Album, No. 2. CUE. (1) Half a farthing. Minsheu. A cue of
Item if an womman comme onto this lordshep bread is the fourth part of a halfpenny crust.
an wold be kept privee withynne, and it be not the
steweholders wil, thei shal doo the officers for to " J. Woods, under-butler of Christ Church,
Oxon, said he would never sitt capping of
wite upon the peine of xl. s, and the same womman
shal be take and made a fyne of xx. s. and be sette cues" Urry's MS. add. to Ray. A cue of beer,
thries upon de cokyngestoele, and than forswere the
one draught.
lordship. MS. Bodl. e Mus. 229. (2) A horse-shoe ; the tip of a shoe made in that
CUCKOLD. The plant burdock. Cuckold's- (3)form. West. Also, an ox's sine.
In acting, the final or catch-word of a speech.
buttons, the burrs on it.
Cue-fellows, actors who play together.
CUCKOLD'S-HAVEN. A spot on the Thames, (4) Humour ; temper. Var. dial.
a little below Rotherhithe, frequently alluded
CUERPO. To be in cuerpo, to be stripped of
to by our early writers.
the upper garment.
CUCKOLD'S-KNOT. A noose tied so that the CUFERE. To cover ; to conceal.
ends point lengthways. Salle no fallace cufere our case,
CUCKOO. The harebell. Devon. Ne consaile gette \ve noghte.
CUCKOO-ALE. Ale drunk out of doors to wel- Poem on Death, Lincoln MS.
come the cuckoo's return. CUFF. (1) To beat. To cuff over, to dilate. To
CUCKOO-BALL. A light ball for children, cuff out, to pour out.
made of parti-coloured rags.
CUCKOO-BREAD. The wood-sorrel, (2) To insinuate. East.
(3) An old fellow. Middle.
CUCKOO-FLOWER. Orchis mascula, Lin. (4) Glove, or meteyne. Pr. Para.
The beautiful wild lychnis flosculi. Gerard, CUFFEN. A churl. See<7fcjf(3).
p. 201, " wilde water-cresses or cuckow flow- CUFFINQUIRE. A justice of the peace.
ers, cardamine" Nares has given a wrong CUGLION. A stupid fellow. (Ital) Some.
explanation. times in the worst sense, a scoundrel.
CUCKOO-LAMB. Early lamb. Oxon. A late CUIFF. To walk awkwardly. RortA.
yeaned lamb. Warw. CUINSE. To carve a plover.
CUCKOO-MALT. Malt made in the summer CUIRASS. Armour for the breast and back.
months. tVarw. CUIRBOULY. Tanned leather. (A.-N.)
CUCKOO'S-MAIDEN, The wryneck. North. CUISSES. Armour for the thighs.
CUCKOO'S-MATE. The barley-bird. East. CUIT. A kind of sweet wine. See Flono, \,y.
CUCKOO- SPICE. The wood-sorrel. 104, 128, 143, 505.
CUCKOO-SPIT. The white froth which en- CUKER. Part of a woman's horned head-dress
closes the larva of the cicada spum&ria. generally fringed with fur.
CUCKOO-TIME. Spring. North. CUKKTNE. Alvum exonerare. Pr. Parv.
CUCKOW. A cuckold. ShaJc. CUKSTOLE. The toadstool.
CUCK-QUEAN. A female cuckold, CULCH. lumber ; stuff; refuse of nay khicU
CUCRY. Cookery.
CUCUBES. Cubebs. East.
CULDE. Killed. Rifson.
CUCULLED. Hooded. (J at.) CULDORE. A colander.
 CUL GUN
236
CULE. The fundament. (A.-N.) contain the seeds of the ash. Also explained,
CULERAGE. The herb arsmart. the columbine.
CULL. (1) The bull-head. Glow. CULVERT. A drain ; a small arch.
To pick ; to choose. Var. dial. CULVERTAGE. Cowardice. SJcinner.
To embrace. Somerset. CULVERWORT. Columbine.
A(2cheat ; a devil. Northumft. CUM. Came. Langtoft.
Silly; simple. North. CUMAND. (1) Commanded, fflnot.
(6) To pull ; to enforce. Skinner. (2) Coming. Ritson.
CULLAVINE. Columbine. North. CUMBER. A care, danger, or inconvenience;
CULLEN. Cologne. trouble; a tumult. Also, to be benumbed,
CULLER. A chooser. Florio. confounded with grief.
CULLERS. (1) Colours. Alleyn Papers, p. 29. CUMBER-GROUND. Anything useless. Cor-
(2) Refuse sheep, culled from a flock as unfit for responding tocombre-world, q. v. Cumberlin,
the market. Spelt culliars by Elyot, 1559. Chesh, Gloss.
See the Nomenclator, p. 50. CUMBERMENT. Trouble ; vexation.
CUMBLE. Full measure,
CULLICE. To beat to a jelly. Shirty. No
doubt from cuttis, q. v. CUM BLED. Oppressed; cramped; stiffened
with cold. Comelyd, Pr. Parv.
CULLING. The light corn separated from the CUMBLY-COLP. Stiff and benumbed with
rest in winnowing.
cold ; intensely cold. East.
CULLINGS. See Cutters (2). CUMEN. They come, pi.
CULLION. See Cuglion, CUMFIRIE. The daisy. MS. Harl. 978.
CULLION-HEAD. A bastion.
CULLIS, A very fine and strong broth, well CUMFORDUN, Encouraged.
strained, much used for invalids, especially CUMLING. See Comeling.
For they have cwmlyngys yn and oute,
for consumptive persons. Of swyche shulde men have grete doute.
CULLISANCE. A badge of arms. See Tarl- MS. Harl, 1701, f. 15.
ton's Jests, p. 12. Also spelt cuttisen. It is GUMMED. Came. North.
corrupted from wgnisance^ CUMMED^MILK. Curds and whey, Lane,
CULLOT. A cushion to ride pa, formerly used CUMMY. Stale; bad-smelling. South.
by couriers. CUMMYS. Comes.
CULLS. See Cullers (2). CUMNAWNTE. An agreement. Pr. Part'.
CULLY. (1) To cuddle. Wore. CUMPANYABLE. Sociable ; friendly.
(2) Foolish ; silly, CUMPASTE. Contrived.
CULLY-FABLE. To wheedle. YorJcsh. With a trewelufe on the molde,
Cvmpaste ful clene.
CULME. The summit. According to Minsheu, MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 134.
smoke or soot. The latter meaning is per- CUMVAY. To convey. See Ywaine ami Ga-
haps from the Prompt. Parv,
CULORUM. The conclusion, moral, or corol- win, 1494, ap. Ritson, i. 63.
lary ofa tale or narrative. See Depos. Ric. II, CUN. Kinejcows. (^.-£)
pp. 3, 29 ; Piers Ploughman, pp. 60, 198. CUND. To give notice, to show whicn way a
GULP. A heavy blow. East. shoal of fish is gone.
CULPATE. To blame. Hall. CUNDE, Kind; nature.
CUNDETH. A conduit. North.
CULPE. Blame; fault. (Lat.)
CULPIN. A taking away from the flour. West. CUND Y. A sewer ; a conduit, North.
CUNDYDE. Enamelled.
CULPIT. A large lump of anything. East.
See Culpons, CUNE. (1) Same as coigns, q. v.
CULPONS. Shreds; logs. (A.-N.) Also, (2) Coin. Pr. Parv.
CUNEAL. The principal bone of the head,
handfuls or small parcels of anything, as of
Cotgrave, in v. Os.
herbs, sticks, &c. " Culpons or peces," Arch. CUNGE. To give leave or license. Pr. Parv,
xxi. 35. Culpone, to cut into gobbets. CUNGER. A cucumber, Warw.
CULPYNES. Part of a horse's trappings. See CUNGIT. The level of a mine.
Hall, Henry VIII.
CULRACHE. f. 79.
The, herb arsmart. * CUNGYR. The conger eel.
CULT. To jag a dress. CtJNIE. Moss. Carnw.
CULTOR. CUNLIFF. A conduit. North.
A coulter; a blade. (^U&) CUNNE. (1) To know.
CULVARD. Treacherous ; cowardly. (A.-N.) The whilke alle creators that lufes God Al-
CULVER, (1) A dove. (^.-£) The wood- myghtene awe to knawe and to cunne, and lede
pigeon is still so called in Devon. thaire lyfe aftire^JBS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 214.
(2) To beat ; to throb. East.
(2) Thankfulness. Versteaan,
CULVER-HEADED, Thick-headed ; s,tupi<J. (3) Kin. Ritson.
A stack thatched with straw or stubbie is
said to be culver-headed. CUNNING.
SFrS?I!?LE* (1) dissemble? ;to skill
To Knowledge flatter.
CULVER-HOUSE. 4 pigeon-house. adjective, skilful, knowing.
CULVER-KEYS. The bunches of pods which (2) The lamprey. North.
 287 CUR
CUR
CUNNING-MAN. CURIUS. Courageous, (A*-N.)
A conjurer ; an astrologer.
Cunning-woman, Lilly, ed. 1632, sig. Aa. xii. CURL. A pig's inward fat. Line.
From cunning, q. v, CURLEY-POW. A curly head.
CUNRICHE. A kingdom. (A.-S.} CURLIWET. The sanderling.
CURMUDGEON. A miserly fellow.
CUNTBLOWS. ' Chamomile flowers. East.
CUNTEK. A contest ; a debate. CURNBERRIES. Currants. North.
Yn Londun toune fyl swyche a chek, CURNEL. A kernel.
A ryche man and pore were at cuntek. And thre cwnels he $af to hym,
MS. Hart. 1701, f. 18. Whiche of that tre he nam.
CUNTER. An encounter. (A.-N.) Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f.9.
CUNTRERE. A country. Weber. CURNES. Cora.
CUNTY. A countess. Hearne. Whenne thei were ripe he let hem renne,
CUNYNG. A rabbit. And ^o her curnes dud he brenne.
Fatt cunyngs y-newe, Cursor Afundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cqntdb, f. 45,
The fesant and the curlewe. CURNOCK. Four bushels of corn.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 136. CURPEYS. See Courtepy.
CUP. Come up ! Var. dial. Yn curtellis and in curpeys ryche
CUPALO. A smelting-house. Cupel, a melt- They were y-clothyd alle y-lyche.
MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. S.
ing-pot for gold.
CURRAIGE. Courage.
CUPBOARD. Same as cuUord, q.v. Cup-
board-cloth, acloth to cover it, Ord. and CURRAKE. A cow-rake. Chesh.
Reg. pp. 75, 286. Cupboard-headed, stupid, CURRALL. Coral. See Cotgrave, in v. Grille
and shallow. tier; Brome's Songs, 1661, p. 31.
CUPHAR. A craQking. (Fr.) CURRAN-BERRIES. Currants. 'N
CUP-OF-SNEEZE. A pinch of snuff. CURRANT. A high leap. /. Wight.
CUPPE-MELE. Cup by cup. (A.-S.) CURRE. A kind of waggon. (A.-N.}
CUPROSE. The poppy. North. CURREIDEN. Courted ; eurried favour.
CURREL. A rill, or drain. East.
CUPSHOTTEN. Tipsy. See Harrison's Eng- CURRETTER. A canvasser ; a broker.
land, p.168 ; Florio, p. 602.
CUR. (1) The heart. (Fr.) CURRE YE, A waggon train. Weber.
(2) A currish worthless person. CURRIED. Wrought, as steel is.
(3) The bull-head. East. CURRISH. Churlish; surly.
CURAT. The cuirass. See Greene, i. 6 ; Brit. CURROUR. A runner. (Lat.}
CURRULE, A chariot. (Lat.)
Bibl. ii. 489 ; Drayton's Poems, p. 66.
CURATION. Cure ; healing. (Lat.} CURRY. To flog ; to beat. Korth.
CURATSHIP. A curacy. CURRYDOW. A flatterer. (/K)
CURB. To bend, or cringe. (Fr.) CURRYFAVEL.
flatterer. (Fr.) One who curries favour; a
CURBER. A thief who hooked goods out of a
window. DeJcfar. CURRYPIG. A' sucking-pig. Wilts.
CURCH. A church. North. CURSE. The course or time.
CURCITE. A surcoat. With an. orloge one Mghte
To rynge the cwse of the nyght.
CURE. (1) To care. (A.-N.) Also a substan- MS. Lincoln A. i. tf, f. 136.
tive, care, anxiety.
(2) To cover ; to conceal. CUKSEDNESS. Wickedness; shrewishness.
Or were there ouy t,apite& large or wyde,CURSELARY. Cursory. Skdk,
The nakid grounde to curen, or to hide. CUESEN. To christen. Cumb.
CURSENMAS.
Lydgate, MS. Soc. Antiq, 134, f. 25. Christmas. North.
CURF. To earth up potatoes. CURSETOR. A vagabond, or vagrant. An old
CURFEW-BELL. The evening bell, which was cant term. According to Grose, a pettifogger.
generally rung at eight o'clock, for the object CURSORARY. Cursory. Shak.
of having all fires and lights extinguished, a CURST. Ill-tempered; cross-grained; malig-
requisite precaution in ancient times. The nant ;malicious ; abusive. Vicious, applied
name and use is still retained at Newcastle. to animals. An archaism aytdpr<?v<
It was sometimes rung as late a<s nine o'clock, CURSTY. Chnstopher. North,
and the time probably varied with the seasons CURSY. Courtesy. Lilly.
of the year. CURT. Court. (A.-N.)
CUR-FISH. The dpg-fish. ffifor. CURTAIL-DOG. Originally the fog of an un-
CURIAL. Courtly. (Lat.) qualified, person, wlach by the fc-rest laws
CURIET. A. cuirass. Spenser. must have its tail cu,t sh^rt, pajtiy, as ^^m^,
CURING. A covering. and partly from a n,o&04 that fte t?ij i& ne-
CURIOSITY. Scrupulousness; niceness in cessary to him in ranDoag. la later usage*
dress, or otherwise.
curtail-doff means either 9 comi&pi* "dog,, not
CURIOUS. (1) Scrupulous; nice; fastidious; meant for sp«»4 c# a dog that missed ^
dandyfied. Common ia old plays. Curiously, game. Ncwes* Curtains. Lews.
Florio, in v. Contigia. CURTAINERS.
(2) Careful. (4*.N.) CURTA&. . A docked hoarse ; any cropped auir
 288
cus CUT
maL " I wyll cutte of my horse tayle, and CUSTE. Kissed. (A.-N,)
CUST1N. A wild plum. Somerset.
make hym a court ault" Palsgrave. In the CUSTOMABLE. Customary.
cant language, a beggar -with a short cloak. CUSTOMAL. A collection of customs, Lam-
There was a kind of cannon also so called, as
appears from Hall, Henry VIII. f. 43. barde's Perambulation, ed. 1596, p. 539.
CURTE. (1) Court. Audelay, p. 17. CUSTOMAUNCE. A custom. Lydgate.
(2) Courtesy. Reliq. Antiq. i. 82. CUSTOME. To accustom one's self. Also, to pay
(3) Short, (^.-.y.) the legal custom or duty.
CUSTOMER. Accustomed. (A.-N.)
CURTEIS.
CURTELE. Courteous.
A kirtle. (A.-N.) ' CUSTRELL. One who carried the arms of a
God made hem thcime cwteles of hide, knight. See Hall, Henry VIII. f. 6.
Therwith her flesshe for to shride. CUT. (1) A familiar name for an animal, gene-
Cutsor Mttvdi, MS. Cantab, f. 6. rally ahorse, properly one with a short or cut
CURTELS. The nerves of the body.
thief; one of the tail. Hence, a term of reproach. " Cut and
CURTESY-MAN. A polite long tail," all kinds of dogs, everything, a very
ancient swell-mob. common phrase, unquoted instances of which
CURTILAGE. A yard, or paddock.
occur in Harrison's England, p. 62 ; Stani-
CURTLE-AX. A cutlass. Sometimes curtlasse, hurst, p. 25. It corresponds to our tag, rag,
as in Du Bartas, p. 360. and bobtail.
CURTNURS. Curtains. Lane.
CURTOLE. A kind of fine stuff. Perhaps a (2) A slow-worm. North.
(3) A whore. Also, cunnus.
kirtle in I Promos and Cassandra, i. 4. (4) To draw cuts, to draw lots. Slips of unequal
CURVATE. Curved; bent. (Lat.) length are held in the hand of one party with
CURVE N. To cut ; to carve off. (A.-S.) the ends peeping out, and he who draws the
CURY. Cookery. (A.-N.) longest is the winner. This operation was
CURYSTE. Curiosity. (A,-N.) sometimes a mere sport.
CUS. A kiss. North.
CUSCHCNE. A cushion. Pr. Parv. (5J
f 6) ATo canal.
say ; to Var. speak. dial. Harman.
CUSHAT. A ringdove, or wild pigeon. m To castrate. Var. dial.
CUSHIA. The cow-parsnip. North.
CXJSHIES. Armour for the thighs. (8) A skein of yarn. North.
(9) To beat soundly. Devon.
CUSHION. A riotous kind of dance, formerly
venr common at weddings, generally accom- (10) To scold ; to quarrel.
(11) A door-hatch. Somerset.
Damea wiin kissing. See Brit. Bibl. ii. 270. (12) Drunk ; tipsy. Var. dial.
io be put beside the cushion, to be passed (13) Cut and run, cut your stick, be off, be gone.
over with contempt. To hit or miss the Cut away, to proceed expeditiously. Cut-in-
cushion, to succeed or fail in an attempt. the-coxcombj cut-in-the-back, drunk, tipsy.
CUSHIONET. A small cushion. (FrJ) See Cut up, mortified. Cut up well, to die rich.
the Citye Match, 1639, p. 11. CUTBERDOLE. Brank-ursine.
CUSHION-LORD. A lord made by favour, and CUTE. Shrewd ; clever ; quick ; active ; expe-
not for good service to the state ; hence, an ditious. Var. dial.
effeminate person. CUTES. The feet. North.
CUSHION-MAN. A chairman. East.
CUTH. Taught ; instructed. (A.-S.)
CUSHION-RUMPED. Having two large bun- CUTHA. Quoth he. East.
dles of fat on the rump. North.
CUSHION-THUMPER. Amethodist preacher. CUTHE. (1) Made known. (A.-S.)
( 2) Acquaintance, relationship.
Veer. dial. CUTHER. An inter), of surprise.
CUSH-LOVE. A term of endearment used to CUTLINS. Oatmeal grits. North.
a cow. Also, cushy-cow. CUT- MEAT. Hay; fodder; chaff, cut into
CUSHY-COW-LADY. A lady-bird. short lengths. North.
CUSK. The wild poppy. Warw. CUT-PURSE. A thief.
CUSKIN. A drinking cup. " A cup, a cusMn," CUTS. A timber-carriage. Line.
Nomenclator, p. 232. GUTTED. Cut ; split ; formed, or shaped.
CUSKY. A couch? Urry, p. 59 7. CUTTE N. Cut down. North.
CUSP. In astrology, the beginning or entrance
of a house. CUTTER. (1) To fondle, lane.
CUSS. Surly ; shrewish. Sussex. (2) A robber ; a ruffian. Also, a rough swagger-
DUSSE. To kiss. (A.-N.) ing fighter.
3USSEN. Cast ; dejected. North. (3} To speak low ; to whisper. North.
DUSSIN. A cushion. (4) An engraver. North.
}UST. See Cast (1). GUTTERING. Co'oing. North.
BUSTARD. The "schoolmaster's ferula, or a CUT-THROAT. A highway robber. Hence
slap on the flat hand with it. Also called any evil- looking fellow.
custick, or custis. CUTTING. Swaggering ; ruffling.
CUSTARD-POLITIC. The large custard pre- CUTTING-KNIFE. A large triangular instru
* me nt for cutting hay. South*
pared for the Lord Mayor's feast
 289
DAD DAF
CUTTING-THE-NECK. The same sport as CYCL A S. The siglaton, a military garment, not
crying-the-mare, q, v. unlike a Dalmatic, but shorter before than
CUTTLE. The knife used by a thief in cutting behind. It was made of woven gold, some-
purses. DeJcker. times ofsilk, and emblazoned.
CUTTLE-HEADED. Foolish. Hallamsh. Gloss. CYLING. Ceiling. W, Wore.
Possibly connected with cuttle, 2 Henry IV. ii. CYLK. A kind of sauce.
4, though the commentators have not noticed CYLOURS. The ceiling. Maundevile.
that a similar phrase is previously used by CYMAR.
covering. A (Fr.) loose gown or robe; any slight
Doll Tear-sheet in the same scene, " hang-
yourself, you muddy conger, hang yourself !" CYMBALED. Played on a cymbal.
CUTTY. (1) A wren. Somerset. She cymbaled, tomblyng with alle,
Alle wondride on hir in the halle.
(2) Small ; diminutive. North.
Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 82.
(3) A knife. North.
(4) A hobgoblin. Somerset. CYME? Macbeth, v. 3, ed. 1623. An error for
(5) A cradle. fFest. senna. No editor observes that the second
CUTTY-GUN. A short pipe. North. folio reads cany.
CUT-WAST. An insect. Topsdl CYNE. A kind of sauce.
CUTWITH. The bar of the plough to which CYNEBOTE. The cenegild.
the traces are tied. CYPHEL. Houseleek. North.
CUT-WORK. Open work in linen, stamped or CYPHER. To cypher off a square edge, to make
cut by hand. Nares. two edges for that one. A joiner's term,
CUYL. The fundament. (^.-M) CYPUR. The cypress tree.
CUYP. To stick up. Norf. CYRIP. Sirrup. Pegge.
CUZ. A contraction of cousin. CYTHER. Cider. (A.~N?)
CWENE. When. GYVE. A sieve. Translated by criorum in MS.
CWERTERNE. A prison. Ferstegan, . Egerton 829.
CWINE. A quern. V erst eg an. GYVES. Onions ; chives ; chibbols.
CWITH. A will, or testament. Verstegan. CYZERS. Scissors. See Cunningham's Revels
CYBERE. Sinoper. Caxton. Accounts, p. 82.

DA. (1) Dame. Hearne. DADACKY. Tasteless. Pegge. More cor.

(2) A doe. See Ywaine and Gawin, 2027. rectly, decayed, rotten.
Daa in Syr Gawayne. D ADDER. To confound ; to perplex. Dorset.
DAARE. To dazzle. Phllpot, p. 309. DADDICK. Rotten wood ; touch-wood. West.
Spelt daddac by Urry.
DAB. (1) A pinafore. Line.
(2) Dexterous ; clever. Also, an adept. DADDLE. (]) To trifle. North.
(3) A slight blow. Var. dial. See Kyng (2) A pea-shooter. Yor&sh.
Alisaunder, 2306, 7304. Also a verb, as in (3) The fist, or hand. East.
Ritson's Anc. Songs, p. 22. (4) To do anything imperfectly. Craven. Hence,
to toddle, or waddle.
(4) An insignificant person.
(5) A small quantity. South. DADDY. Father. DaddyVbairn, a child like
its father in everything.
(6) To dibble. Norf.
DABATE. Strife. Gawayne. DADE. To lead children beginning to walk.
DABBISH. An inter), of vexation. Hence, figuratively, to move slowly. Drayton
DAB BIT. A very small quantity. uses the term, as quoted by Nares, who is at
DABBY. Moist : adhesive. Far. dial. faultingasstrings.
to the meaning. Davding-strings, lead-
DAB-CHICK. The water-hen. North.
DABSTER. A proficient. North. DADGE. (1) A large lump. North.
DAB-WASH. A small wash. Warw. (2) To walk clumsily. North.
DACIAN. A vessel used for holding the sour DADLESS. Useless ; stupid. North.
oat-cake. Derbysh. DMDAL. Variegated. Spenser.
DACITY. Activity ; vivacity. North. DAFF, (1) To daunt. North. To put a daff on
DACKER. To waver ; to stagger ; to totter ; to a person, to make him afraid. Daff, a dastard
hesitate. Line. Now generally pronounced or coward.
darter. Dacker-weather, unsettled weather. (2) To doff, or do off. Shak.
According to Urry, to contend with. (3) Doughy. Line.
DACKLES. Globules of water on walls, &c.
caused by damp. Sussex. (4J David. South.
(5) A priest. Craven.
DACKY. A sucking pig. Salop. DAFFAM, A silly person. Craven. 19
DAD. (1) A large piece. North. DAFFE. A fool, (A.-S.) In Pr. Parv, p. Ill,
(2) To shake ; to strike. North. one who speaks not in time, or roughly.
(3) A blow; a thump. (Teut.) Oridurus, aspere loquens, vel qui non vult os
(4) Father. Var. dial. aperire, J. de Janua.
(5) " In dad/' an adjuration. DAFFER. Small crockery-ware.
 DAG 290 DAL
DAFFIN. Merriment, Northumb. DAG-WOOL. Refuse wool. Kent.
DAFFISH. (1) Shy; modest. West. DAL Judgement. (d.-S.)
(2) Low-spirited. Salop, DAIE. To die. Weber.
DAIESEYGHE. The daisy. Weler.
DAFFLED. In one's dotage. North. DAIKER. To saunter. North.
DAFFOCK. A slut. North.
DAFFODOWN-DILLY. A daffodil. BAIL. A heap. North.
DAILE. To dally. Hearne.
DAFT. (1) Stupid ; foolish. Var. dial "Wounder
dafte," Chester Plays, i. 134, Also explained, DAIN. (1) Noisome effluvia. Wilte
fearful, timid. (2) Disdain. Also, to disdain. " Dennes of
(2) To put off. Shot. daine" Queene Cordila, p. 34.
D AFTER. A daughter. East. DAINOUS. Disdainful. (A.-N.)
DAFTLIKE. Foolish. North. DAINTEOUSE. Dainty; delicate. (A.-N.)
A pistol. Also, to fire with a pistol, DAINTREL. A delicacy. (A.-N.)
DAG. (1)
as in Aich. xxviii. 137. DAINTY. Pleasant ; worthy ; excellent. Gene-
(2) A rag. Kent. . . rally, nice, affected. Also a substantive, a
(3) To drizzle. North. Also, to trail or dirty in novelty, anything fresh.
the mire, to bedaub. DAIRIER. A dairy-man. North
) Dew. Also, a misty shower. DAIRNS. Small, unsaleable fish.
DAIROUS. Bold. Devon.
(5) To run thick. North. DAIRYMAN. One who rents cows of a farmer.
(6) An axe. Devon.
DAIS. See Deis.
(7) A sharp sudden pain. Beds. DAISED. Badly baked, or roasted, applied to
(8) A small projecting stump of a branch. Dorset.
To cut off the dirty locks of wool from sheep.
(9)Kent. bread, pastry, or meat. North.
DAISMENT-DAY. The day of Judgment. This
(10) To daggle. Urry. term occurs in a poem, in Drant's Answer to
DAGE. (1) To trudge. Cumb. Shaddock, 1565.
DAIVE. To sooth. Cumb.
(2) To thaw. 'North.
DAGGANDE. Penetrating ; piercing. (A.-N.) DAKE. To prick, or run in a point. West.
Derfe dynttys they dalte with daggande sperys. DAKER. To work for hire after the usual day's
Morte Arthurs, MS. Lincolnt f. 92. work is over. North. Also, a dispute.
DAGGAR. A dog-fish. Kennett. DAKER-HEN. The corn-crake. Provincial in
DAGGE. A slip, or shred, loose or dangling. 1559. Elyot, in v. Crex.
(A.-S.) The edge of a garment was dagged, DAKERIN. Walking carelessly. Cumb.
when it was jagged or foliated. This custom DALCOP. An idiot. North.
was formerly much in fashion, and according D ALDER. A foreign coin, sometime current in
to the Chronicle of St. Albania, ed. 1483, in- England; Harrison, p. 219.
troduced about 1346. " Dagged clothing/' DALE. (1) To deal; to bestow. (^.-S.)
Persones Tale, p. 44. For the noblest knight that may go
DAGGED. Tipsy. North. Is none so doughty dyntis to dale.
MS. Hcu-L 2252, f. 101.
DAGGER. (1) An interj. of surprise.
(2) A celebrated ordinary in Holborn. Dagger- (2) AFor-thz
lot, orareshare. (A.-S.)to lose if thay any gude
thay worth!
ale is frequently mentioned in early writers. hafe, for thay stele fra thaire Lorde thatfalles to his
(3) A pistol. See Dag (1). dale. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 241.
DAGGER-MONEY. A sum of money formerly
(3) A vale. Used metaphorically for the world.
paid to the justices of assize on the Northern
circuit, to provide arms against marauders. (4) Mad ; furious. North.
(5) To descend; to decline. (Dut.)
DAGGERS. Sword-grass. Somerset. DALF. Dug; buried. (A.-S.)
DAGGLE. To trail in the dirt ; to run like a Prively thei dud hit hide,
child. North. Daggle-tail, a slovenly wo- And df*J/hit in a wodessyde.
man ;anything that catches the bottom of the Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin, Cantab, f 49.
dress in walking.
DAGGLY. Wet ; showery. North. DALIES. A child's game played with small
bones, or pieces of hardwood. The dalieswerQ
DAGLETS. Icicles. Wilts.
properly sheep's
shire Dial. 1839, trotters.
p. G8. Dally -bones, Devon-
DAGLINGS. Sheep's dung. North.
DAG-LOCKS. The dirty soiled locks of wool DALK. A dimple in the flesh. See Reliq.
cut off sheep. South. Antiq. ii. 78. A vale, Pr. Parv. p. 112. In
DAGON. A slip, or piece. It is found in the following passage it may mean the small
Chaucer, Berners, and Steevens' Supp. to soft substance which the action of heat leaves
Dugdale, ii. ap. 370, applied in each instance in the centre of a hard boiled egg. Ash has,
to a blanket.
" Dawk (a cant word), a hollow, a place
DAG- PRICK. A triangular spade. East.
DAG SWAIN. A rough sort of coverlet, used whereAl aerthebit may
has been cut outbe of any stuff."
wele likned
for beds, tables, or floors. To a rounde appul on a tre,
Dub ycle w»th dagiwaynrmst dowblede they seme. That even amydde hath a colke ;
Mvrte drthure, MS. Lincoln, f. 91. And so hit may to an egges jolke,
 DAM 291 BAN
For as a dalk is amydward DAMOSEL. A damsel. (A.-N.)
The jolke of the egge when hit is hard, DAMP. (1) Dejection. Becon.
So is helle put, as clerkus telles,
Amydde the erthe, and uowher elles. (2) A liquid refreshment.
MS. 4*hmole 41, f. 84. (3) Rainy ; very wet. Oxon.
DAMPER. A luncheon. Also, anything said
DALL. A petty oath. YorJesh. or done to check another.
DALLACKED. Gaudily dressed. Line.
DALLARING. Dressed out in a great variety of DAMPNE. Launfal, 837.
To condemn. (A.-N.) Dammy.
colours. Line.
DALLE. The hand. From D addle. DAM SAX. A broad axe. " A damsax he bar
DALLED. Wearied. North. on his hond," Gy of Warwike, p. 124.
DALLED-OUT, See DallacJced. DAM-STAKES. The inclined plane over which
the water flows.
DALLIANCE. Hesitation ; delay. Shah DAMYCELLE. A damsel. (A.-N.)
DALLOP. A patch of ground among growing
corn which the plough has missed ; a rank tuft DAN. (1) Scurf on animals. East.
of growing corn where heaps of manure have (2)butLord ; sir ; a title commonly given to monks,
more extensively used. (Lat.)
lain ; a parcel of smuggled tea ; a slatternly
woman ; a clumsy and shapeless lump of any- DANAMARKES. (3) Than. (A.-S.}
Danes.
thing tumbled about in the hands ; to paw, Ami thus the derfe DanamarTces had dyghte alls
toss, and tumble about carelessly. East. theyre chippys.
DALLUP. A slattern. Norf. Morte Arthure, MS. Lincoln, f. 91.
DALLY-BONES. Sheep's trotters. Devon. DANCE. A journey. Var. dial
DALLY-CAR. A deep ditch. Yortoh. DANCES. Statutes. Bailey.
DALMAHOY. A kind of bushy bob wig, worn DANCH. Dainty ; nice. North.
by tradesmen in the last century, especially by DANDER. (1) Anger. Var. dial
chemists.
DALMATIC. A garment formerly worn by a '2) Scurf; dandriff. North.
deacon, and described as vestis sacerdotalis '3) To hobble. Cumb. *
Candida cum clavis purpureis. It was also '4) To wander rently. Chesh.about. Also, to talk incohe-
worn by the English monarehs at the time of DANDILLY. A vain woman. Line.
their coronation. See the Rutland Papers, p. 17.
DALT. Dealt out. Daltyn, pi. DANDIPRAT. A dwarf, or child. Grose says,
With dyntes sore ganne they dere, " an insignificant or trifling fellow." Also an
And depe wondys daltyn thay. MS.HarL 2252, f. 121. inferior coin, not current, but in occasional
use in the sixteenth century. Camden says it
DALY. Lonely. North. " The daly grounds," was coined by Henry VII.
Dolarny's
dales ? Primerose, 4to. 1606, abounding in DANDLING. A fondling child.
DALYAWNCE. Tittle-tattle. Cov. Myst. This DANDRIL. A thump. Line.
meaning occurs in Pr. Parv. DANDY. Distracted. Somerset.
DAM. A marsh. Suffolk. DANDY-CANDY. Candied sweetmeats. Newc.
DAMAGE, Cost ; expence. Var. dial DANDY-COCK. Or dandy-hent one of the
D AMAGEOUS. Damaging ; hurtful. Bantam breed, Var, dial.
DA MAS. Damascus. Hearne. DANE. Noise ; clatter ; din. East.
DAMASEE. The damson. Damyst, Sqyr of DANEIS. Danish. (A.-N.)
LoweDegre, 36. DANES-BLOOD. Banewort.
Pere and appille bothe rippe thay were, Danes-blood, (ebulus,) about Slaughtonford, is
The date and als the damasee. plenty. There was heretofore a great fight with the
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 150. Danes, which made the inhabitants give it that
DAMASKING. Damask-work. name. Aubrey's Wilts, MS. Royal Sot: p. 120.
DAMASK-WATER. A perfumed water. DANG. (1) An imprecation, perhaps a softening
DAMASYN. The damson. Palsgrave. of damn. It is very common in the provinces.
DAMBE. To damn. DeMer. (2) To throw down, or strike with violence.
DAMBET. A rascal. DeMer. " Dang'd down to hell/' Marlowe, iii. 352.
DAME. Mistress ; lady. Now used in humble Dange, struck, Eglamour, 550.
life. Also, mother, as in Perceval, 336, 1094. DANGER. (1) A dangerous situation. (A.-N.)
DAMIGEROUS. Injurious. Also, coyness, sparingness.
DAMMAREL. An effeminate person, fond of
(2) Debt. Merch. Yen. iv. 1.
courtship and dallying. (Fr.) DAN GERE. Lordship, pr dominion ; the power
DAMMY-BOYS. Same as Angry-boys, q. v. which the feudal lord possessed over his vas-
See J. Cleaveland Revived, 1660, p. 38.
DAMN. To condemn to death. sals. (A.-N.)
DANGERFUL. Dangerous.
DAMNIFY. To hurt, or injure.
At the same time this earthquake also much DANGEROUS. (1) In danger. West.
damnified Castel Nuovo and the neighbour towns in f&\ Difficult ; sparing. (A.-N.)
Albania, belonging to the Turks, wiih a great de- w, Arrogant; supercilious.
struction ofthe inhabit an ts.
DANGU. A dungeon ; a tower. (A.-N.*
Mibrqft Witts, Royal Soc- MS, p 109. DANGUS. A slattern. Lane.
 292
BAR
DAT
DANGWALLET, A spendthrift. Explained in (2) To darken ; to make dark.
some dictionaries, abundantly. (3) To eaves-drop ; to watch for an opportunity
DANK. Moist ; damp.
One the darike of the dewe many dede lyggys, of injuring others for one's own benefit.
North. In old writers, to lie hid.
jforte Arthure, MS. Lincoln, f. 92
DANKER. A dark cloud, North. (4) A dark night. South.
DARKENING. Twilight. North. Called the
dark-hour in Norfolk.
DANKISH.' Moist. Huloet.
DANNACK. A gaiter or buskin. Norf. DARKLING. In the dark.
D ANNEX. A bad character. North. DARKMAN. The night. DeMer.
DANNIES. Grey stockings. Derb. DARKSOME. Very dark. Oxon.
DANNOCKS. (1) Oat cakes. North. DARN. To dare. Pr. Parv.
DARNAK. A thick hedge-glove. Stiff.
(2) Hedger's gloves. East.
DANS. Yearling sheep. East. DARNEL. The lolium perenne.
DANSERS. Dancing dogs. DARNEX. A coarse sort of damask used for
DANSKE. Denmark. Also, Danish. carpets, curtains, &c., originally manufactured
DANT. (1) A profligate woman. Skdton. at Tournay, called in Flemish, DornicJc. Spelt
(2) To tame. Du Bartas, p. 369. Also, to re- darnep in Cunningham's Revels Ace. p. 215.
duce metals to a lower temper. It was composed of different kinds of mate-
D ANTON. To tame. Florio, p. 11. rial, sometimes of worsted, silk, wool, or
DAP. (1) To hop. Somerset. thread. Perhaps darnak is connected with
(2) A hop ; a turn. Hence, the habits of any this term. DarnicJc^ linsey-wolsey. North.
one. West. DARNS. The door-posts. Devon.
(3) Fledged. Yorfoh. DARNTON. Darlington. North.
(4) The nip of a key. DAROUS. Bold; daring. Devon.
DAPPER. Active ; smart. Var. dial. D ARRAIGN. To arrange or prepare for battle.
DAPPERLING. A dwarf, or child. Also, to fight a battle.
DAPS. Likeness. Devon. DARRAK. A day's work. Cumb.
DAPSILITY. Handiness. DARRAYNE. To change ; to transmute.
BAR. (1) More dear ; dearer. North. DARRIKY. Rotten. Glouc.
Thy bare body ys dew-re to me DARRILSK. Damask cloth.
Then all the gode in Crystyant& DARSTOW. Darest thou ? (A.-S.)
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 172.DARSTS. Dregs ; refuse. North.
DARBY, Ready money. Var. dial DARTE. The date-tree. (A.-N.)
DARCELL. The long-tailed duck, DARTER. Active. Cumb.
DARCIELL. A herb mentioned by Palsgrave, DART-GRASS. The ffolcus lanatus. North.
but without the French term for it. DARTH. Dare. Weber.
DARE. (1) To stare. (^.-5.) DASE. To dazzle ; to grow dimsighted ; to be
(2) To tremble ; to quake for fear. stupified. (A.-S.)
Tyl sche come theder sche wolde not blyn, DASEWENESSE. Dimness. (A.-S.)
And daryth there for drede.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 73. DASH. (1) A tavern drawer.
(5) To frighten. To dare birds, to catch them (3) (2) To abash.- East.
A mild imprecation.
by frightening them with a hawk, mirror, (4) To destroy ; to spoil.
or by other means.
'5) To splash with dirt. Var. dial
To pain or grieve. Essex. 6) To dash one in the teeth, to upbraid. To
To lurk or lie hid. dash out of countenance, to put out of coun-
The dace fish. tenance.
(7) To give, or grant. Hearne. DASH-BOARDS. Moveable sides to a cart;
(8) To threaten. Somerset. the beaters of a barrel churn .
(9) To languish ; to sink. See Lydgate, p. 24. DASHEL. A thistle. JDevon.
" Droupe and dare," a common phrase in DASHEN. To make a great show ; to invade
early poetry. suddenly ; to move quickly.
(10) To defy. Shaft. DASHER-ON. A piece of boiling-beef.
(11) Peril. Shaft. DASHIN. A vessel in which oatmeal is pre-
(12) To rouse any one up. West.
pared. Deri.
(13) Harm. (A.-S.) DASIBERDE. A simpleton ; a fool.
DA.RFE. Hard ; unbending ; cruel. DAS ING. Blindness. JBecon.
DARK. Need. (A.-S,} DASMYNE. To grow dim. Pr. Parv.
D ARIOL. A dish in ancient cookery, described DASNYTH, Grows dim. (A.-S.)
in the Forme of Cury, p. 82; MS. Sloane DASSE. A badger. Caxton,
1201, f. 32 ; Ord. DAST. Dashed ; destroyed. (A.- 5.)
Antiq. Culin. p. 66.and Reg. p. 443 ; "Warner's DASTARD. A simpleton.
With dandles endordlde, and daynteez y-newe. DATELESS. Crazy ; in one's dotage. North,
Mort e Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f, 55, DATER. Daughter. North.
DARK. (l)-Blind. Var. dial DATES. Evidences ; writings
 DAW 293 DAY

DATHEIT. A curse ; an imprecation. (A.-N.) DAWDY. A slattern. North.

Sometimes a verb, to curse. See Reliq. An- DAWE. (1) Down. See Adawe (2).
tiq. i. 244 ; Tristrem, p. 230. Constantly an (2) Dawn. (A.-S.)
imprecation, and interjection. (3) A day. (A.-S.) " Done of dawe," taken
PATHER. To quake, or tremble. Kent. from day, killed.
DATION. A gift. (Lett.) And alle done of dawez with dynttez of swreddez.
Murte Arthurs, MS Lincoln, f. 75.
DAUB. Clay. Lane.
DAUBE R. A builder of walls with clay or mud, DAWENING. Day-break. (A.-S.)
mixed with straw ; a plasterer. A daubing, DAWGOS. A slattern. North.
the erection of a clay hut. DAWGY. Soft; flabby. Yorfak.
DAUBING. Bribing. A cant term. DAWIE. To awake ; to revive.
DAUBY. (1) A fool. Northumb. DAWING. Day-break. North.
(2) Clammy ; sticky. Norf. Bot in the clere daweyng the dere kynge hymeselfene
DAUD. George. Craven. Comaundyd syr Cadore with his Uere knyghttes.
Morte Ai'tJittre, MS. Lincoln, f. /O.
DAUDER. To thrash ; to abuse. North.
DAUDLE. To be slow ; to trifle ; to swing per- DAWKIN. (1) A slut. North.
pendicularly. Far. dial. (2) A foolish person. Dawkingly-wise, self-
DAUDLES. A slattern. Yorksh. conceited. North.
BAUDS. Pieces ; fragments. North. DAWKS. Very fine clothes slovenly put on.
Line.
DAUGHTER-IN-BASE. A bastard-daughter.
DAUGHTER-LAW. A daughter-in-law. West. DAWL. (1) To dash. Devon.
Thy father would not entertaine (2) To tire; to fatigue; to weary. Also, to
In Greece a d&ught&r-lawe. loathe, or nauseate.
Turbevile's Ovid, 1567, f. 36. DAWNE. To revive a person, especially one
DAUK. To incise with a jerk, or insert a pointed who has fainted,
weapon with rapidity. Wilts. D AWNS. A kind of lace, the method of making
DAUNCH. Fastidious; over-nice; squeamish, which is described in MS. Harl. 2320, f. 59.
especially applied to one who has been drunk DAWNT. To frighten ; to fear. North.
over night. Daunche, fastidiousness; Towneley DAWNTEN. To tame by kind treatment ; to
Myst. p. 153. cherish or nourish. (A.-N.)
DA.UNDRIN. Same as Sever (1). DAWNTLE. To fondle. North.
DAUNGE. A narrow passage. DAWNY. Damp; soft. West.
DAUNT. To conquer. (A.-N.) In the pro.. DAWPATE. A simpleton.
vinces, to stun, to knock down. Also, to DAWSEL. Tostupify. Suffolk.
dare, to defy. DAWTET. Fondled ; caressed. Cumb.
DAUNTEDEN. Frisked about, pi. DAWZE. To use the bent hazel rod, or divining
DAURE. To dazzle ; to stun. East. stick, for the discovery of ore. Somerset.
DAURG. A day's work. North. DAY. (1) Day; time. (A.-S.) "Takynaday,"
DAUSEY-HEADED. Giddy ; thoughtless. taken an appointed time (to fight), MS. Can-
DAUT. A speck, or spot. Craven. tab. Ff.ii. 38, f. 87.
DAVE. To thaw. Somerset. To assuage, mi- (2) To dawn. Also, the dawn or first opening
tigate, or relieve. North. of day, Eglamour, 1094 ; Urry's Chaucer, p.
DAVER. (1) To droop ; to fade. West. 140, 1. 2747.
(2) To stun ; to stupify. North. (3) The surface of ore.
DAVID'S-STAFF. A kind of quadrant, used in (4) A league of amity
navigation. (5) To procrastinate.
DAVING. A boarded partition. West. DAY-BED. A conch or sofa. A late riser is
DAVJSON. A large wild plum, still called a day-bed, fellow in I. Wight,
DAVY. (1) To raise marl from cliffs by means DAYE. To die. (A.-S.)
of a wince. Norf. DAYEGH. Dough. YorJcsh.
(2) An affidavit. Var. dial DAY-HOUSE. A dairy. West. " roseate, a
DAVY-JONES. A sailor's name for a princi- dey-house, where cheese is made," Elyot. Cf.
pal sea-devil, a nikker. Unton Invent, p. 28.
DAW, (1) To thrive ; to mend. North. DAYLE. (1) To eradicate ; to blot out.
(2) A foolish fellow ; a slattern, or sluggard. (2) To dally or tarry.
Dawinge,p. acting foolishly, Ellis's Literary DAY-LIGHTS. The eyes. North.
Letters, 92. DAY-L1GHTS-GATE. Twilight.
(3) To daunt, or frighten. DAY-MAN. A labourer hired by the day* East.
(4) To awaken ; to dawn. North. Also, to re- DAY-NET. A net employed for taking small
vive, to rouse, to resuscitate, as in Webster birds. I>iet. Rust.
and Greene ; Romeus and Juliet, p. 71. DAY-NETTLE. Dead nettle.
(5) A beetle or dor. East. DAYNETYVOUSELY. Daintily.
(6) Dough. (A.-S.) DAYNG. Dawning. (A.-S.)
DAW-COCK. A jackdaw. Hence, an empty, DAYNLY. Disdainfully. (A.-N.}
DAYNTEL. A dainty, or delicacy. Dayntethc,
chattering
Old Ballads,fellow p. 24; a simpleton. See Collier's Towneley Myst. p. 245,
 DEA 294
DAYNTEVGUS. Choice ; valuable. DEAD-MAN'S-THUMB. A blue meadow
Itt was my derlynj duyntevous, andfulledereholdene. flower, mentioned in Select Ayres, fol. Lond.
Morte Arttw-e, MS. Lincoln, f. 97. 1659.
DAYS. The bays of a window. DEAD-MATE. A stale-mate in chess.
DAYS-MAN* An arbitrator ; an umpire. See DEAD-MEN. Empty ale-pots.
Plumpton Corr. p. 82. Still used in the North. DEAD-NIP. A blue mark on the body, ascribed
DAYS-MATH. An acre, the quantity mown by to necromancy. North.
a man in one day. West. Generally, any DEAD-PAY. The pay of dead soldiers, ille-
small portion of ground. Its size seems to gally appropriated by officers.
have been variously estimated. DEAD-RIPE. Completely ripe.
DAYTALEMAN. A day-man, q. v. A chance- DEADS. The under-stratum. Devon.
labourer, one not regularly employed. Day- DEADST. The height. DeJcker.
tale-pace, a slow pace. A day tale, in the DEAF. Decayed ; tasteless. Deaf-nut, a nut
day time. with a decayed kernel ; deaf-corn, blasted
DAY-WORK. "Work done by the day; the corn, &c. Also, to deafen, as in Heywood's
labour of a day. A day-work is also three Iron Age, sig. H. iv.
roods of land, according to Carr. " Four DEAFLY. Lonely, solitary. North. Deavelie,
perches make a day worke ; ten dayworks Cotgrave, in v. Desolt, Destourne.
make aroode or quarter," Twysden MSS. DEAF-NETTLE. The dead nettle.
DAZED. Dull ; sickly ; daised, q. v. " Dazed- DEAIL-HEAD. A narrow plat of ground in a
meat, ill roasted ; I's dazed, I am very raw field. Cwrib.
and cold ; a dazed look, such as persons have DEAK. (1) To fight. North.
when frighted; bread and meat, not well (2) A ditch. Kent.
baked or roasted by reason of the badness of DEAL. To divide ; to distribute, from deal, a
the fire, may be said to be dwased or dazed," part, or portion. Also, a dole.
MS. Lansd. 1033. In the Yorkshire Dialogue, DEAL-APPLES. Fir apples. East.
it has the sense of spoilt, destroyed; and it DEALBATE. To whiten, or bleach. (Lat.)
also occasionally means, confounded, con- DEAL-TREE. A fir-tree. East.
fused, Major Moor's MS. Dazed, of a dun DEAM. Lonely; solitary. North. Also the
colour. North. same as deathsmear, q. v.
DAZEG. A daisy. Cumo. DEAN. (1) A valley. (A.-S.)
t>E. (1) A day. North. (2) A din ; a noise. Essex.
(2) To die. Sometimes, dead.
(3) To do. Yorfah.
(3) God. (^-JV.) DEA-NETTLE. Wild hemp. North.
(4) The, (A.-S.) DEAR. (1) Precious ; excessive.
DEA. Do. Westmorel.
(2) Same as Dere, q. v.
DEAD. (I) Fainted. West. DEARED. Hurried ; frightened ; stunned. Ex-
(2) Very ; exceeding. North. moor.
(3) Death. Sujf. Also, to kill. DEARLING. Darling. Spenser.
(4) To deaden. North. DEARLY. Extremely. Var. dial
DEAD-ALIVE. Very stupid ; dull. West. DEARN. (1) Lonely. North.
DEAD-BOOT. Offices or services done for the (2) A door-post, applied also to stone gate-posts.
North.
dead ; penance. (A.-S.)
DEAD-COAL. A cinder. North. DEARNFUL. Melancholy. Spenser.
DEAD-DOING. Destructive. Spenser. DEARY. (1) Little. North.
DEAD-HORSE. To pull the dead horse, to
(2) Alas ! " Deaf.
DEATH. Deary me 1" Var. dial.
Suffolk.
work for wages already paid.
DEAD-HOUSE. A place for the reception of DEATHING. Decease ; death.
drowned persons. North. DEATH'S-HEARB. Nightshade.
DEAD-KNOCK. A supposed warning of death, DEATH'S-MAN. An executioner. " Great
a mysterious noise. North. Hectors deaths-man," Heywood's Iron Age,
DEAD-LIFT. Tbe moving of a lifeless or inac- ed. 1632, sig. I.
tive body. Hence, a situation of peculiar DEATHSMEAR. A rapid and fatal disease in
difficulty, where any one is greatly in want of cident to children. Now obsolete.
assistance. DEAURAT. Gilded. (Lot.)
DEADLY. Sharp; active; excellent. Also, DEAVE. To deafen ; to stun. North.
very, exceedingly, a sense it seems to bear in DEAVELY. See Deafly .
Topsell's Serpents, p. 15. Sometimes, pounded DEAWH. Dough ; paste. North.
to powder. DEAZED. Dry ; raw j sapless. North.
DEADLY-FEUD. A ferocious contest among DEBARE. Bare. Drant.
the Northumbrians on the borders. Brockett. DEBASHED. Abashed. Niccols.
DEAD-MAN. (1) Old works in a mine. DEBATE. To fight. Also, combat. (A.-N.}
(2) A scarecrow. West, DEBATEABLE-LANDS. Large tracts of wild
(3) Waiting for dead men's shoes, waiting for pro- country on the confines of Northumberland,
perty to which one is entitled on the decease formerly a prolific cause of contention.
of any one. See R. Fletcher's Poems, p. 256. DEBATEMENT. Contention. (,4.-M)
 DEC 295 DEE

DEBAUSHMENT. A debauching. DECOURREN. To discover; to lay open; to

DEBBYLL. A dibble. Huloet. narrate. (A.-N)
DEBELL. To conquer by war. (Lat) DECREW. To decrease. Spenser.
DEBELLISH. To embellish. Fletcher. DECURT. To shorten. (Lat)
DEBEOF. A kind of spear. DECYPHER. To defeat ; to overcome.
DEBERRIES. Gooseberries. Devon. DEDE. (1) Death. North.
DEBETA1SDE. Debating, Gawayne. They dancesyde and revelde withowtene circle
DEBILE. Infirm; weak. (Lat) To bryng that lady lo Mr dede.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 119.
DEBITE. A deputy. (Fr) Syth we here schalle dye,
DEBLES. " A debles !" to the devil. (A.-N) Oure dedys fulle sore they schalle abye.
Fy a debles! saide the duke, the develle have jour bones. MS. Cantab. Ff. iu 38, f. 73.
Morte Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f. 84. So many there were slayne to dedd,
DEBOIST. Debauched ; corrupted. That the watur of Temys was redd.
DEBONAIRE. Courteous ; gentle. (A.-N) MS. Ibid. f. 125.
When sche sye the ladyes face,
Debonerly stylle sche stode. (2) To grow dead. (A.-S.) Also the pa. past.
MS. Cantab. Ff, ii. 38, f. 85. Dede, dead people, Perceval, 155.
DEBONERTE. Gentleness ; goodness. (3) Did. Eglamour, 134.
And of me take thou na vengeance, (4) Deed. Battle, by metaphor.
Lorde, for thi debonertt. DEDELY. Mortal. (A.-S)
MS, Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 212. Bot goddez that ever-mare are liffauudc and
DEBORAINE. Honest. (Ital) nevermare dyez, dpynez nojte for to hafe the fela-
chipe otitedety inenne. — MS. Lincoln A. i, 17, f. 8-
DEBORD. To run to excess. (Fr)
DEBOSH. To debauch ; to corrupt. A genuine DEDEMEN-YEN. Dead eyes, a kind of pullies.
A sea term. See Manners and Household
archaism, incorrectly altered by some editors.
DEBOSHEE. A debauched person. Expences, p. 214.
DEDEYNE. Disdain. (A.-N)
DEBREIDE. To tear. (Bely) The fourthe braunche of pryde ys despyt, that
DEBRUSEDE. Crushed ; much bruised. ys, whan a man hath dedeyne other sconie of h>s
DEBRYSED. Bruised. Hearne.
even-cristene for euy defaute.— MS. Hurl. 2JJB, i'. 8.
DEBUT. Company ; retinue. Hearne. DEDIR. To tremble. Yorfoh.
DEBYTIE. A deputy. (Fr) DEDITION. A giving up. (Lat)
DECANTATE. To chant, or sing. (Lat.) DEDLYNES. Mortality. (A.-S)
DECARD. To discard. How thurghe takyng of owre dedlynes, he was
DECAS. Ruin. (A.-N) made-lesse then an angelle whilles he was in this
The walle and alle the cite" withinne
vale of teves — MS* Lincoln A.i. 17, f. 180.
Stante in ruyne and in deccts. DEDUCED. Drawn from; dissuaded.
Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 36. DEDUCT. To bring down, reduce. (Lat)
DECEIVABLE. Deceitful. ShaJc. DEDUIT. Pleasure; delight. (A.-N)
DECEPTURE. Fraud ; deceit. In whiche the jere hath his deduit,
DECERNE. To discern. (Fr.) Of gras, of floure, of leef, of frute.
DECHED. Foul ; rusty. Warw. Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq, 134, f, 247.
DECIMO-SEXTO. In decimo sexto, a phrase DEDYR. Thither. Weber.
used by Jonson for a youth. DEE. A die. (A.-N.) Also as de, q. v.
Betwene fortune and covetyse,
DECIPE. To deceive. (Lat.) See Ashmole's The chaunce is caste upon a dee.
Theat. Chern. Brit. p. 308. Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq,. 134, f . 142.
DECK. (1) A pack of cards. Hence, a heap or
pile of anything. DEED. (1) Doings. North.
(2) Dead. (A.-S)
(2) To select or cast out. " Deck the board/' (3) Indeed. Coverdale.
lay down the stakes. " Sweep the deck," DEEDILY. Actively ; diligently. West.
clear the stakes. Also, to put anything in DEEDS. Refuse. North.
order. DEEDY. Industrious ; notable. Berks.
(3) To tip the haft of a knife or sword with any DEEF. Deaf. (A.-S)
work ; to trim hair, a garden, &c.
DECLARE. To blazon arms. DEEGHT. To spread mole-hills. North.
DECLAREMENT. A declaration. DEEL. The devil. North. An early instance
occurs in Men Miracles, 1656, p. 46.
DECLINE. To incline, or lower. Also, to
form too low an estimate of anything. DEEN. A dean. (A.-N)
Quod Josephe thanne, with heed declinid lowe. DEERHAY. A great net, formerly used for
Lydgate, MS, Soc, Antiq. 134, f. 6. catching deer.
DECLOS. To disclose. DEES. (1) Dice. (A.-N)
For who that hath his worde declos, Ful ofte he taketh awey his fees,
Er that he wite what he mene, As he that pleyeth at dffea,
He is ful ofte ny5e his tene. Gvtcer, MS. Soc. Antiq, 134, f. 38,
Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 80, (2) A place where herrings are dried. East
DECOLLATION. A beheading. (Lat) Sussex.
DECOPID. See Coppid. BEET. (1) Dirtied. North.
PECORE. To decorate; to beautify.
(2) Died. Cuwb.
 DBF DEJ
296
^3) To plaster over the mouth of an oven to of the wheche thou art dronken, and wexis*
keep in the heat. sobre," Reliq. Antiq. i. 6.
(4) To wipe, or clean. North. DEFINISHE. To define. (A.-N.)
DEETING. A yard of cotton. North. DEFINITIVE. Final ; positive.
DEEVE. To dip. Suffolk. DEFI3EN. To dissolve.
DEFADIDE. Faded; decayed. DEFLY. Neatly ; fitly. See Dekker's Knight's
Now es my face defadide, and f oule es me hapnede, Conjuring, p. 71 ; To\vneley Myst. p. 100.
Morte Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f. 88. DEFOILLE. To overcome; to vanquish. (A.-N.}
DEFORMATE. Deformed. See the Test, oa
DEFAILE. To effect; to conquer. (A.-N.)
Nares gives a wrong explanation. Creseide, 349, 394.
It falles the flesche may noghte of his vertu DEFOULE. To defile ; to poUute.
noghte defaile ay whils the saule in swylk joyes es DEFOULINGS.
ravyste.— JtfS, Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 192. feet in wet soil. The marks made by a deer's
DEFAILLANCE. A defect (JFK) DEFOUTERING. Failing. (A.-N.)
DEFAITED. Wasted. (A.-N.) DEFRAUD ACION. Fraud ; deceit. Hall.
DEFALK. To cut off; to diminish. (Lat.) See DEFT, Neat; dexterous; decent. Still used
Ord. and Reg. p. 305; Stanihurst, p. 10, in the North.
Also, to abate in a reckoning. DEFTLY. Quietly; softly. North. Also the
same as defly, q. v,
DEFAME. Infamy, (A.-N.) Also, to make
infamous. DEFULL. Diabolical. (^.-£)
DEFAMOUS. Reproachful. DEFUNCT. Functional. Shaft.
DEFARE. To undo. Hearne. DEFY. To refuse ; to reject.
DEFATED. Wearied. (Lat.) DEFYAL. A defiance. Harding.
DEFATIGATE. To fatigue ; to tire. (Lat.) DEFYEN. To defy. (A.-N.}
DEFAULT Y. Blameworthy. (Fr.) DEG. To moisten ; to sprinkle ; to poui* on ; to
ooze out. North.
DEFAUTE. Want; defect. (A.-N.)
DEFAWTELES. Perfect, (A.-N.) DE-GAMBOYS. A viol-de-garnbo.
Alle the neghen orders of awngelles, DEG-BOUND. Greatly swelled in the stomach.
That ar so fayre on to luke, Also spelt deg-bowed. North.
And so bryght, als says the buke, DE GENDER. To degenerate. Spenser.
That alle the fayrnes of this lyf here, DEGENEROUS. Degenerate.
That ever was seene fer or nere,
DEGG. To shake ; to top. West.
That any man moght ordayne defawteles.
Heu»pol9, MS. Bowes, p. 220. DEGGY. Drissly; foggy. North.
DEGH. Youchsafed. Hearne.
DEFAWTY. Defective. Pr. Pan>.
DEGHGHE. To die. Sevyn Sages, 1909.
DEFEASANCE. Defeat. Spenser.
DEGISED. Disguised. (A.-N.)
DEFEAT. To disfigure. Also, the act of de-
struction. Shdk. DEGOUTED. Spotted. (A.-N.)
DEGREE. A stair, or set of steps. Also, rank
PEFE&TURE. Alteration of features; de- in life. (A.-N.)
formity. Sometimes, defeat.
DEHORT. To dissuade. (Lat.)
DEFECT. To injure, take away. (Lat.)
DEIANDE. Dying. (^.-£)
DEFENCE. Prohibition. (A.-N.) Than is thys failyng atte nede,
DEFENCED. Defended ; fortified. For whiles we here lyve we ar deiande,
DEFENDS. (1) To forbid; to prohibit. (A.-N.) MS. Addit. 10053, f. 67.
Also, to preserve. According to Tyxwhitt, to DEID. Dyed; coloured. Chaucer.
ransom. Defendaunt, in self-defence ? DEIDEN. Died. (^.-£)
He "wylle do no man but gode,
Be Mahounde and Termagaunt, DEIE. To put to death. (A.-S.)
But yf hyt were hys defendaunt. DEIGNOUSE. Disdainful. (A-iV.)
MS, Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 99. DEIH. To die. Langtoft, p. 159.
(2) Defended. Gawayne. DEINE. To die. (A.-S.} Also, to deign, to
vouchsafe.
DEFENSORY. Defence. " Defensory and apo-
logy," Martin Mar-Sixtus, 4to, 1592. DEINTEE. Yalue; a valuable thing. (A.-N.)
DEFFE. (1), Neat; trim. Leic. Sometimes, pleasure.
(2) Deaf. Pr. Parv. Also, dull, blunt, which DEINTEOUS. Choice ; valuable. (A.-N.) -
may refer to aures oltuscs. DEIRIE. A dairy. SUnner.
DEFFETE. To cut up an animal. A term in DEIS. The principal table in a hall, or the
hunting. (A.-N.) raised part of the floor on which it was placed.
DEFFUSE. Flight ; vanquishment. (A.*N.) Also, the principal seat at this table. There
Fore gret dule of defuse of dedez of armes. were sometimes more than one, the high deis
Morte Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f. 56, being the principal deis in a royal hall. To
DEFHED. Deafness. (4.-S.) begin the deis, to take the principal place.
DEFIANCE. Refusal ; rejection. Shaft. See Sir Eglamour, 1258.
DEFICATE. Deified. Chaucer. DEITEE. Deity ; godhead. (A.-N.)
DEFIEN. To digest ; to consume. " Mgere DEJECT. (1) Dejected. SJutk.
paulisper vinum quo mades, defye the wyn (2) To cast away. (Lat.)
 DEM
DEL 297
DEKE-HOLL. A dry ditch. East. DELLFIN. Alow place, overgrown with un-
DEKEITH. Decrease. derwood. Glouc.
DEKNE. A deacon. (A.-S.) DELPH. A catch-water drain, or one that has
Seint Fronton his dekne was, been delved. Line.
As falleth to the dede.
DELTEN.
MS. Coll. Trin. Own. 57. DELUVY;
Dealt. (A.-S.)
Deluge. (Lat.)
DEKYNE. A deacon. Pr. Parv.
DELVE. (1) To dig; to bury. (A.-S.) Still
DEL. (1) A part, or portion. (A.-S.) used in the provinces.
(2) The devil. Ritson's Anc. Songs,!, 70, (2) A ditch, or dell. Spenser. Also a quarry, as
DELACION. Delay. Digby Myst. p. 7. delf, q/v.
DEL ARE. An almsgiver. Pr. Parv.
DELATE. To accuse, complain of. (Lat.) (3) A monster, or devil. (A.-N.) See Dial.
DELATION. An accusation. Shale. Great. Mor. p. 82; "Wright's Seven Sages,
DELAY. (1) To allay metals, &c. Also, to (4) To indent, or bruise. North.
sweeten or adulterate wine. p. 47.
DELVERE. A digger. (A.-S.)
(2) Array ; ceremony. (A.-N.)
Syr Rogers corse, wyth no"bulle delay, DELVOL.
DELYAUNCE. Doleful. (A.-S.')
Dalliance ; delay.
They beryed hyt the tothyr day.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 75. DELYBERED. Advised ; minded.
(3) To assuage. Palsgrave. DELYCATES. Delicacies. Palsgrave.
DELAYNE. To delay. (A.-N.) DELYRE. To retard, or delay. (A.-N.)
DEM. You slut ! Exmoor.
DELE. (1) To divide ; to share. (A.-S.) DEMAINE. To manage. (A.-N.)
(2) To give ; to bestow ; to partake ; to deal, or DEM AN. A deputy. Verstegan.
meddle with anything.
DELECTATION, Delight. Chaucer. DEMAND. A question, or riddle.
And whom it liketh for to carpe
DELE-WINE. A kind of foreign wine, said to Proverbis and demaitndis slyje.
be a species of Rhenish. Goive)-, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 238.
DELF. A quarry of stone or coal ; a deep ditch DEMANDANT. A plaintiff.
or drain. (A.-S.) DEMATH. See Days-math.
DELF-CASE. Shelves for crockery. North. DEMAYE. To dismay. (A.-N.)
DELFULLICHE. Dolefully. (A.-S.) The feest is comen, demaye jou not,
And cride on here delfitlliche But maketh my riding boun.
Alle swithe faste. Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantdb, f. 93.
MS. Coll. Trin. Qxon. 57.
DEMAYNES. Demesnes ; possessions. (A.-N.)
DELFYN. A dolphin. Kyng Alis. 6576. See See Sir Degrevant, 69 ; Laagtoft, &c.
also the Prompt. Parv. p. 54. DEME. To judge. (A.-S.)
DELIBATE. To taste. (Lat.) DEMEAN. To conduct, or behave ; to direct.
DELIBERE. To deliberate. (A.-N.) Also a substantive, behaviour.
DELICACIE. Pleasure. (A.-N.) DEMEANER. A conductor.
DELICES. Pleasures ; delights. (A.-N.) See
Reliq. Ant. i. 40. Also, delicacies. DEMEANS.
DEMEMBRE. Means. Massinger.
To dismember. '
R. Glouc. p. 5 5 9.
Yett was I lately promysed otherwyse DEMENCY. Madness. (Lat.)
This yere to leve in welthe and delyce. DEMENE. To manage. (A.-N.)
MS. Sloane 1825, f. 88. JDemenys the medylwarde menskfully hymeselfene.
• DELICT. An offence. Marlowe, iii. 547. Marts Arthurs, M& Lincoln, f. 74.
DELIE. Thin ; slender. (A.-N.) DEMENING. Behaviour. Chaucer.
DELIGHTED. Delightful. Skak. DEMENTED. Mad. Var. dial
DELIBENT. Doating. (Lat.) DEMER. A judge. (A.-S.)
DELIT. Delight. (A.-N.) DEMERE. To tarry. (A.-N.) " Withouten
DELITABLE. Pleasant ; delightful. (A.-N.) demere," delay, Beves of Hamtoun, p. 6. " So
DELITEN. To delight, take pleasure. (A.-N.) longe demoere," Flor. and
DELITOUS. Delightful. (A.-N.) DEMERITS. Merits.. Shah.Blanch. 591.
DELIVER. (1) Active ; nimble. (A.-N.) De- DEMI-CULVERIN. A cannon of four inches
livirliche, Troilus and Creseide, ii. 1088. bore. Meyrick, ii. 291.
Deliverty, quickly. Deliverness, agility. DEMIGREYNE. The megrim. (A.-N.)
Seemely schappe of breede and lengthe, DEMIHAG. A long pistol, much used in the
And defyvernes and bewte of body. sixteenth century.
Beanpole, MS. Bowes, p. 173. DEMILANCE. A light horseman, one who
(2) To dispatch any business. carries a lance. Baret, D. 742.
DELIVERING. Division, in music. DEM-IN. To collect, as clouds do. North.
DELK. A small cavity. East. DEM1NG. Judgment. (A.-S.}
DELL. (1) An undebauched wench. An old DEMIREP, A very flighty woman, too free in
cant term. her manners.
(2) A little dale, or narrow valley. Still used in DEMISS. Humble. (Lat.)
the North. DEMONIAK. One possessed by a devil.
DELLECT. Break of dav- Craven. DEMONSTER. To show ; to declare. (Laf.)
 DEO 298 DER
Al ane tide of the daye
DEMORANCE. Delay. (A.-N.) We weren in deorkhede i
DEMP. Judged ; condemned. (A.-S.) Ate laste ore suete Loverd
DEMPLE. To wrangle. So explained by Forthere us gan lode.
Hearne. SeeLangtoft, p, 196. MS. Laud. 108, f. 104,
DEMSTER. A judge. The term is still re- DEPARDUS. An oath, De par Dieu.
tained in the Isle of Man. DEPART. To part ; to distribute ; to divide ; to
Ayoth was thenne demester separate. (A.-N.) See Sir Tristrem, p. 236 ;
Of Israel foure score jeer. MS. Sloane 213, f. 120. So in the ancient
Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 44.
DEMURE. To look demurely. Sha&. office of Marriage, " till death us depart" now
corrupted to do part. To depart with, to part
DEMURELY. Solemnly. Shale. with or give up. It sometimes occurs as a
DEMURRE. See Demere. substantive for departure. Hooper uses it for
DEMYE. A "kind of close garment. \Varton the verb impart.
says, " doublet, jacket." Demi/cent, the metal They were clothed alle liche,
part of a girdle worn in front. Departed evene of whit and blew.
DEN. (1) " Good den," good evening, or good Goiver, MS. Bodl. 294.
night, a salutation formerly used after noon DEPARTABLE. Divisible. (A.-N.)
was past. DEPARTER. A refiner of metals.
(2) A grave. Ritson's Pop. Poet. p. 90. DEPARTING. Parting, or separation.
(3) A sandy tract near the sea, as at Exmouth, DEPE. Low, applied to country, as inMaunde-
and other places. vile's Travels, p. 255.
DENAY. To deny. Also, denial. DEPEACH. To impeach. Palsgrave.
DENCH. (1) Squeamish ; dainty. North. DEPECHE. To dispatch. (Fr.)
(2) Danish. Hearne. DEPEINTE. To paint. (A.-N.) "Hir fingers
DENE. (1) A din. East. Also a verb. Denede, to depaynt" Gaulfrido and Barnardo, 1570.
Rel. Ant, ii. 7. Sometimes the part. past.
(2) A dean. (A.-N.) DEPELL. To drive away. (Lat.)
(3) A valley or dell. North. DEPENDANCE. A term used by our early
(4) Wene? Arch.xxii. 371. dramatists for the subject of a dispute likely
DENEERE. A penny, (fir.) to end in a duel. See Nares in v. Masters of
DENEZ. Danish. Gawayne. Dependencies were a set of needy bravoes, who
DENGE. To ding, or strike down. (A.-S.) undertook to ascertain the authentic grounds
DENIAL. Injury; drawback. West. of a quarrel, and, in some cases, to settle it for
DENIST. Deniest. Rel. Ant. ii. 192. the timorous and unskilful. Gifford.
DENE, To think. Weber. DEPLIKE. Deeply. (A.-S.)
DENNED. Dinned; sounded. See Dene. DEPOSE. A pledge ; a deposit. Pr. Parv.
DENNIS. St. Dionysius. (A.-N.) DEPPER. Deeper. (A.-S.)
DENNY. A plum ripe on August 6th. See DEPRAVE. To vilify ; to traduce. See State
MS. Ashmole 1461. Papers, ii. 400 ; Hoccleve, p. 39. Shake-
DENOMINATE. Called. Harding. speare uses it in this sense. Deprevon, Aude-
DENOTATE. To denote. (Lat.) See the Op - lay's Poems, p. 24.
tick Glasse of Humors, 1639, p. 41. DEPRESE. To press down. (A.-N.)
DEN SHE. Danish. Havelok. DEPURED. Purified.
As golde in fire is fyned by assay,
DENSHERING. See Burn-beking. No doubt And at the teest silver is depwed.
from Denshire, as Devonshire was formerly MS. Ashmolo 39, f. 46.
called, as in Collier's Old Ballads, p. 87 ; MS. DEPUTTE. Deputed ; arranged.
Ashmole 208.
DEQUACE. To crush. (A.-S.)
DENT. (1) A stroke; a blow, as a clap of thun- DERACINATE. To root up. Shale.
der, &c. In Suffolk, the worst of anything.
Moor, p. 103. DERAINE. To quarrel ; to contest. Sometimes,
to challenge or array an army.
(2) Indented. North.
(3 ) Did not. Essex. DERAYE.
DENTETHUS. Dainties ; delicacies. verb, to actConfusion ; noise. * (A.-N.) Also a
as a madman.
He began to make deraye,
DENTIE. Scarce. Harrington. And to hys felows dud he say.
DENTOR. An indenture. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 157.
DENTY. Tolerable ; fine. North.
DERE. (1) To hurt, to injure. (A.-S.)
DE NUDE. To untie a knot ; to extricate, or dis- The prophecie saith there schal dere hym noo thinge ;
engage. (A.-N.) He it ys that schal wynne ceistell, toun, and tour.
DENULL. To annul. Fabyan. M8. Soc. Antiq. 101, f . 38.
DENWERE. Doubt. Chaucer. Sum wycchecrafte thou doust aboute bere,
DENY. To refuse ; to reject; to renounce. That thy bondes mow the nat dare.
DENYTE. To deny. Robson, p. 50. MS. Hart. 1701, f. 70.
DEOL. Dole; grief. (A.-S.) (2) To hurry, frighten, or astonish a child. Ex-
DEOLFUL. Doleful. (A.-S.) moor.
DEORKHEDK. Darkness. (A.-S.) (3) Dear ; precious ; delightful. (A.-S.)
 299
DEE DES

(4) Dire ; sad. East. DERNFUL. Dismal; sad. Wares.

) There. Langtoft. DERNLY. Severely; sadly. Spenser. See also
} Noble; honourable. "Arthure the dere" Towneley Myst. p. 141.
Perceval, 508 ; " Syr Cadore \vitli his dere DEROGATE. Degraded. Shale
knyghttes," MS. Morte Arthore. DEROY. (1) A kind of cloth. (F
(7) All sorts of wild animals. (d.-S.} "Rattes (2) A party, or company. North.
and inyse and such smsldere," Beves of Hamp- DERRE. Dearer. (^..£)
ton and King Lear. DERRERE. Dearer. Welter.
(8) To dare. Derst, darest. DERREST. Noblest. Gawayne.
(9) Dearth. Rob, Glouc. DERRICK. A celebrated executioner at Tyhiirn
DEREIGNE. To justify ; to prove. (^.-JV.) in the first half of the seventeenth century.
He is fre to plede for us, and al oure rijt de>eigne, Hence it came to be used for a general term
And no creature may have cause upon him topleyn.
MS, Eg&tvn 927. for a hangman. See Blount's Glossoeraphia,
DEREKELLY-MINTJTE. Immediately, /. W. DERRING -DO.
ed. 1681, p. 190 * *ers,
. Derring-do
Deeds of arms.
DERELICHE. Joyfully. warlike heroes. Spenser.
Scho bad me derelict drawe, and drynke to hirselfene. DERSE.
Murte Arthur*, MS. Lincoln, f. 89. Havock; to dirty; to spread dung;
to cleanse ; to beat. Craven.
DERELING. Darling. (A.-S.} DERTHYNE. To make dear. Pr. Parv.
DE RELY. Expensively; richly. O/.-S.) In the DERTRE. A tetter, or ringworm.
East, direly, lamentably, extremely. (^.-M)
DERENES. Attachment. (A.-S.}
With the erle eshe lent DERVELY.
DERWENTWATER. Fiercely ; sternly ; powerfully.
Lord Derwentwater's '
In derenes nyghte and daye. v lights, a popular name for the Aurora Bo-
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 138 realis, which appeared remarkably vivid on
DERENGE. To derange. (A.-N.} the night of the unfortunate Earl's execution.
Brockett.
DEREV70RTHE. Precious; honourable. (A.-S.}
A person named Derewertke is mentioned in DERWORTHYNESSE. Honour: joy. (A.-S.\
MS. Rot. Harl. 76 C. 13. DERYE. Hurt; harm. (^-^.)
A duches dereworthily dyghte in dyaperde wedis. DERYGESE. Dirges. (Lat.}
Morte Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f. 87, Done for d&ygese, as to the ded fallys.
5yt ys thyr an unlcynde sloghethhede, Morte Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f. 95.
That a man utineth for no gode dede DES. See Deis.
Wyl wurschep God dtn torthly. DESCANT. The old term for variation in
MS. Harl 1701, f.34. music,
DEREYNE. Agreement ; arbitration. (^.-N.) DESCENSORIE. A vessel used in alchemy for
Sometimesj to derange or disorder. the extraction of oils.
DERFE. Strong ; powerful ; fierce. DESCES. Decease; death. Langtoft.
And dele dynttys of dethe with oure derfe wapyns.
Morte Jtrthure, MS. Lincoln, f. 56. DESCEYYANCE. Deceit; trickery. (^.-JV.)
DERGY. Short and thick-set. West DESCHARGID. Deprived of a charge. Weter.
DERIVATE. To transpose a charge from one DESCIDE. To cleave in two. (Lat.}
person to another. (Lat.) DESCRIED. Gave notice of; discovered. See
DERK. Dark. (A.-S.) Sometimes, darkness. Dyce's Timon, p. 18.
Also a verb, to darken or obscure. DESCRIVE. To describe. See Hailed Export.
DERKHEDE. Darkness. (A.-S.} p. 31 ; Ywaine and Gawin, 902. (Fr.)
DERL. To scold. Yorfa-h. DESCURE. ToTodiscover.
DERLILY. Dearly ; sumptuously. (A.-S.) DESCUVER. discover. (~^.-.A)
(A.-N.}
DERLOURTHY. Precious. Pr. Parv. DESEDERABILLE. To be desired. (Lat}
Sothely, Jhesu,rf^erfem6t7?ees thi name, lufabylle
DERNE. (1) Secret. (A.-S.} and cornfortabylle. Nane swa swete joye may be
Thei made a gederynge greet and dern.
Cursor Mundi, MS. Cantab* f. 108. consayvede. Nane swa swete sange may be herde.—
MS. Linculn A. i. 17, f. 192.
Late us hald us in dertie
The byrde to habid. DESELET. Desolate; distressed. (A.-N.)
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f . 133. DESEPERAUNCE. Despair. (A.-N.} Urry's
Hur fadur prayed hir of luf derne, ed. reads disperaunce, p. 427. The same va-
MS. Cantab, Ff. v. 48, f. 43. riation occurs at 1. 652.
And he lovyd me so derne, And he that wille not after conseylle do>
Y myght not hym love werne. His sute he putteth in dexeperaunce.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 149- Chaucer, MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 309,
(2) To hide ; to sculk. Hudson. DESERIE. To disinherit. (Fr.)
DERNELIKE.Both demehTce
Secretly.arid stille
(^.-£) DESERVE. To earn. Also, to reward any.
body for his services towards one.
Ich wfle the Jove. M& nigby 86. DESESE. Inconvenience. (^..#1)
DEBNERE. A threshold. DESEVERE. To separate. Chester Plays, i. 132,
On every post, oa uche derneret DESEVY. To deceive. (d.-N.}
The syne of thayn make je there. DESGBLI. Secretly. (^.-K)
Cunor Mundi, MS, Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 38. DESIDERY. Desire. (Lat.}
 DES 300
DEV
DESIGHT. An unsightly object. Wilts. Gy raysed up that mayden der,
DESIGN. To point out, (Lat.) And set hyr on ay gud dei>tre>-t
Guy of Wmwick, Middlshill M*.
DESIRE. To invite to dinner, &c. He drewe alonde hys desterere,
DESIREE. Desirable. (J.-N.) MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 39, f. 116.
DESIRITE. Ruined. (A.-N.) See Gy of DESTRUIE. To destroy. (A.-N.)
Warlike, p. 381; Arthour and Merlin, p. 340. And has destruied> to moche schame,
DESIROUS. Eager. (d.-N.) It seems to be The prechouris of his holy name.
sometimes used for desirable. (lower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 83.
DESKATERED. Scattered about. DESTRYNGED. Divided.
DESKIAUNDAR. Blame. See the Arrival Also this bukees destrynged in thrise fyftipsalmes.
of King Edward IV. p. 12. MS. Coll, Eton. 10, f. 1.
DESLAVIE. Impure. (A.-N.} DESTUTED. Destitute ; wanting.
DESLAYE. To blame ; to deny. (^.-JV.) DESUETE. Obsolete ; out of use. (Lat.)
For how as ever I be deslayed, DESUME. To take away. (Lat.)
jit evermore •! have assayed.
DESWARRE. Doubtlessly.
Cower, MS. Soc. Arttiq. 134, f. 114 DETACTE, To slander or backbite.
That he wanhope bryngeth inne DETECT. To accuse. Shak.
Where is no comforte to begynne,
DETERMINAT. Fixed ; determined. (Lot.)
But every joye him is deslayed.
MS. Ibid, f, 125, DETERMINE. To terminate. (Lat.)
DETERMISSION, DeteiToination ; distinction*
DESPARPLE. To disperse. Maundevile. Chaucer.
DE SPEED. To dispatch. Speed. DETHE. Deaf. See Death.
DESPENDE. To waste ; to consume. Bettur were ye to be dethe and dome,
Ko that his wittis he despendeth. Then for to be on any enqueste.
MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. SO. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 43.
DESPENS. Expense. (4.-N.) DETHWARD. The approach of death.
DESPERATE. Very; great. Var. dial Spelt DETIE. A ditty. Palsgrave.
desperd in some glossaries. DETRACT. To avoid. (Lat.)
DESPITE. Malicious anger. (4.-N.) DETRAE. To thrust down. (Lat.)
DESPITOUS. Very angry. (4.-N.) DETRIMENT. A small sum of money paid
DESPITOUSLY. Angrily. (J.-N.) yearly by barristers for the incidental repairs
DESPOILE. of their inns of court.
Arthour and ToMerlin,
undress. ' (A.-N.) Despuled,
p. 53. DETTE. A debt. (^.-JV.)
DESPOTJT. Dispute. Seyyn Sages, 194. Des- DETTELES. Free from debt. (A.-N.)
pute, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, 1 47. DEUCE. The devil. Var. dial. Spelt deuts
DESS. To lay close together ; to pile in order ; by Junius, Etym. Angl.
to cut a section of hay from a stack. North. DEUK. To bend down. Beds.
DESSABLE. Constantly. North. Spelt also DEULE. The devil,
dessalty and dessally. DEUS. Sweet. (A.-N.)
DESSE. A desk. Spenser.
DESSMENT. Stagnation. North. DEUSAN*. A kind of apple, or any hard fruit,
according to Minsheu. See Florio, p. 163.
DESSORRE, Same as Blank-Surry, q. v. Still in use, Forby, i. 92.
DEST. Didst. Rob. Glouc. p. 194. DEUSEAVYEL. The country. Harman.
DESTAUNCE. Pride ; discord ; treachery. See
DEUSEWYNS. Twopence. DM-er.
Ritson's Anc. Songs, i. 52; Arthour and DEUTYRAUNS. Some kind of wild beasts,
Merlin, p. 171. mentioned in Kyng Alisaunder, 5416.
DESTAYNEDE. Destined. DEVALD. To cease. North.
5*if ussalle
We be be
destaynede to dyhevene
hewede unto to dayeor one
we bethishalfe
crthe,
colde. DEVANT. Apron. (Fr.) Or, perhaps, pocket-
Mortfi Arthwe, MS. Lincoln, f. 96. handkerchief in Ben Jonson, ii, 349.
DEVE. (1) See Deffe.
DESTE. Dashed. Tristrem, p. 265.
DESTEIGNED. Stained; disfigured. (2) To dive ; to dip. East.
As he whiche hath siknesse faynid, DEVELING. Laying flat ? See Arthour and
Whanne his visage is so desteiyned. Merlin, p. 287 ; Beves of Hamtoun, p. 27,
Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 43 DEVELOP. To envelop. (Fr.)
He tok to Dejaniie his scherte,
Whiche with the blood was of his herte
DEVERE. Duty; endeavour. (.*/.- JV.)
handez,
Thow has dough ttily doune, syr duke, with thi
Thorowoute desteiyned over alle.
MS. Ibid. f. 76. And has doune thy daver with my dere knyghttoz.
DESTENE. Destiny. (4.-S.) Morte Artjiwe, MS. Lincoln, f. 73.
DESTENYNG. Destiny. Gawayne. DEVIAUNT. Deviating. Chaucer.
DESTINABLE. Destined. (Lai.) DEVICE. A name given to any piece of ma-
DESTITUABLE. Destitute. (Fr.) chinery moved by wires or pulleys, especially
DESTOUR. Disturbance. (J.-N.) to that employed on the ancient stage.
DESTR.E. A turning. (A.-N.) DEVIL. (1) la the devil way, i. e. in the name
DESTREINE. To vex ; to constrain. (^/.-M) of the devil, a common oath in early works of
DESTRERE. A war-horse. (^.-Ar.) a facetious or amusing character.
 DEW 301 DEY
^2) A fizgig made by boys with damp gun- DEW-DRINK. The first allowance of beer to
harvest men. East. Called the dew-cup in
powder. Hants.
DEVILING. The swift. East. Also, a fretful,
troublesome woman. DEWE. Dawned. (A.-S.)
DEVILMENT. Roguery ; mischief. North. To the castelle thay spede
When the daye dewe. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 137,
DEVIL'S-BIT. Scabiosa succisa, lot. See DEWEN. To deafen. (A.-S.)
Markham's Countrey Farme, 1616, p. 203. DEWING. The dew. North. It occurs in Kyng
DEVIL'S-BONES. Dice. Del-ker. Alisaunder, 914.
DEVIL'S-COW. A kind of beetle. Som. DEWKYS. Dukes. Ritson.
DEVIL-SCREECHER. The swift. West.
DEWLAPS. Coarse woollen stockings but-
DEVIL'S-DANCING-HOUR. Midnight. toned over others to keep the legs warm and
DEVIL'S-DUNG. Assafoetida. Far. dial.
dry. Kent.
DEVIL'S. GOLD-RING. A palmer worm. North. DEWRE. To endure.
DEVIL'S-MINT. An inexhaustible fund of any- Moradas was so styff in stowre,
thing. East. Ther myght no man hys dyntys dewre.
DE VIL'S-PATER-NOSTER. To say the devil's MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 79.
pater-noster, to mutter or grumble. And my two chyldren be fro me borne,
DEVIL'S-SNUFF-BOX. The puff-ball. Thys lyfe y may not dewre. MS. Ibid. f. 84.
DEVILTRY. Anything unlucky, offensive, Hey]e, youthe that never schall eelde !
hurtful, or hateful. East. Heyle, bewt£ evyr dewryngt MS. Ibid. f. 4.
DEVINAL. A wizard. SJdnner. DEWRESSE. Hardship ; severity. (A.-N.)
The londe of dethe and of all dewresse,
DEVINERESSE. A witch ; a prophetess. In whych noon ordre may there dwelle.
DEVING-POND. A pond fiom which water is JUS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, £ 23.
drawn for domestic use by dipping a pail. DEW-ROSE. Distilled rose-water.
East.
DEW-ROUNDS. The ring-walks of deer. See
DEVINING. Divination. (A.-N.) Blome's Gent. Rec. ii. 78.
DEVISE. To direct ; to order ; to relate. At
point devise, with the greatest exactness. DEWSIERS. The valves of a pig's heart. West.
DEW-SNAIL. A slug. Xarth.
Chaucer. Also, to espy, to get a know- DEWTRY. A species of plant, similar to night-
ledge of. (A.-N.) shade. Butler.
DEVOIDE. To remove ; to put away. "De- DEWYN. To bedew. (A.-S.)
voidid DEXE. A desk. Skinner.
to avoidclene,"
or shun.Rom. of the Rose, 2929. Also, DEXTERICAL. Dexterous. See the Optick
Therefore devoyede my companye. Glasse of Humors, 1 639, p. 82.
MS. Harl 2252, f. 102.
DEY. (1) They. Ritson.
DEVOIR. Same as Devere, q. v. (2) A female servant who had the charge of the
DEVOLUTED. RoUeddown. (Lat.} See Hall, dairy, and all things pertaining to it. Chaucer
HenryV.f.4. has the word. Sometimes a male servant
DEVORS. Divorce. (A.-N.) who performed those duties was so called.
DEVOTELICHE. Devoutly; earnestly. DEYE. To die. (^..£)
DEVOTERER. An adulterer. (A.-N.) DEYELL. The devil. Ritson.
DEVOTIONS. Consecrated things. DEYER. Adier. (^..£)
DEVOURE. To deflower, or ravish. DEYKE. A hedge. Cumb.
DEVOUTEMENT. Devoutly. (A.-N.)
DEVOW. To disavow. Fletcher. It properly DEYL. not at allA part; or portion. " Never a deyl,"
(4.-S.)
signifies to dedicate or give up to. 3yf every knyjt loved other weyl,
DEVULSION. A breaking up. Fhrio. Tournamentes shulde be never a deyl.
DEVYN. Prophecy, Langtoft, p. 282. Divi- MS. HarL 1701, f. 31.
nity, Piers Ploughman, p. 508. DEYLED. Spiritless ; careworn. Cumb.
DEVYSION. Division ; discord. (A.-N.) DEYNER. A dinner. (A.-N.}
DEVYTE. Duty; devoir. Hearne. DEYNOUS. Disdainful. (A.-N.)
And Rightwisnesse with hem was eke there,
DEW. To rain slightly. Var. dial And trouthe alhO with a deynoua face and chcre.
DEW-BEATERS. Coarse oiled shoes that re-
sist the dew. Var* dial. Lydgate, MS. Ashmols 39, f. 20.
DEYNOUSHEDE. Scornfulness. (^.-JV.)
DEWBERRY. The dwarf mulberry, rubus DEYNTEYS. Dainties.
chamcemorus, often confused with the black- Then, dwellyd they bothe in fere,
berry, being a similar fruit only of a larger Wyth alle maner deynteys that were acre.
size. Dewberries are mentioned hy Shake- MS. Cantab. Ff . ii. 38, f. 3*.
speare, and are still common at Stratford-on- DEYNTTELY. Daintily. (A^N.)
Avon. It seems to be the same as the cloud- DEYNYD. Disdained. Skelton.
berry in Gerard, p. 1368. The gooseberry is DEYRE. To hurt, or injure. (A.-S.}
so called in some places. DEYS. Dice. Weber.
DEW-BIT. The first meal in the morning, not DEYSE. Day. Weber.
so substantial as a regular breakfast. West. DEYTRON. Daughters. Chron. Vil. p. 41.
 DIG DIP
302
DEY-WIFE. A dairy-woman. Palsgrave. DICK-HOLL. A ditch. Norf.
DICKON. A nickname for Richard.
DEZICK. A day's work. Sussex.
JDEZZED. Injured by cold. Cumb. DICK'S-HATBAND. Said to have been made
DE3E. To die. (A-S.} of sand, and it has afforded many a compai i-
DIABLO. The devil. (Span.} Used as an ex- son. As queer as Dicffs hatband, &c.
clamation, inour old plays. DICKY. (1) Donkey. Var. dial.
DIAL. A compass. Var. dial. (2) A woman'
DIALOGUE. An eighth part of a sheet of mon leather sapron.
under-petticoat. Also, a com-
writing paper. North. (3) The top of a hill. West.
DIAPASE. The diapason. Jsh. (4) It is all Dickey with him, i. e. it is all over
DIAPENIDION. An electuary. (Gr.) with him.
DIAPER. To decorate with a variety of colours ; DICKY-BIRD. A small bird. Also, a louse.
to embroider on a rich ground. (A.-N.) DICTAMNUM. The herb dittany. (Lot.)
There was a rich figured cloth so called, Strutt, DICTE. A saying. (Lat.)
ii. 6 ; as also a kind of printed linen. Diapres DICTITATE. To speak often. (Lot.)
of Antioch are mentioned in the Roman DICTOUR. A judge, or guardian. (A.-N.)
DID. To hide. Craven.
d' Alexandre, MS. Bodl. 264.
A duches dereworthily dyghte in dyaperde wedis, DIDAL. A triangular spade well adapted for
In a surcott of sylke full selkouthely hewede. cutting and banking up ditches. East. See
Morte Arthure, MS. Lincoln, f. 87- Tusser, p. 15. To didal, to clean a ditch or
DIB. (1) The cramp-bone. Dorset. river.
(2) A dip. Also, to dip or incline. DIDAPPER. The dob-chick. East.
(3) A valley. North. DIDDEN. Did. Var. dial.
DIBBEN. A fillet of veal. Devon. DIDDER. To shiver: to tremble. North.
DIBBER. A dibble, q. v. South. " Dydderyng and dadderyng," Hye Way to
D1BBITY. A pancake. Var. dial. the Spyttell Hous, n, d.
DIBBLE. A setting stick. Var. dial. Ben DIDDER-DODDER. To tremble North.
Jonson seems to use it for a moustachio. DIDDLE. (1) To trick or cajole. Var. dial
DIBBLE-DABBLE. Rubbish. North. (2) A machine for taking salmon. West.
DIBBLER. A pewter plate. Cumb. (3) To dawdle or trifle. East.
DIBLES. Difficulties ; scrapes. East. (4) To hum a tune. North.
DIBS. (1) Money. Var. dial DIDDLECOME. Half mad; sorely vexed.
(2) A game played with the bones of sheep. West.
See Ward's Corpus Christi Coll. Stat. p. 140. DIDDLES. Young ducks. East.
The dibs are the small bones in the knees of DIDDS. A cow's teats. Chesh.
a sheep, uniting the bones above and below DIDDY. The nipple, or teat. Var. dial. Some.
the joint. See Holloway, p. 45. times the milk is so called.
DIDE. Died. Chaucer.
DIBSTONE. A child's game, played by tossing
pebbles, and also called dibs. DIDEN. Pa. t. pi. of Do. (A.-S.}
DICACIOUS. Talkative. (Lot.) DIDO. A trick, or trifle.
DICARE. The same as dicker, q. v.
DICE. A lump or piece. Yorksh, DIE.
(2) As (1) To tinge.
clean as a die,(A.-S.) ' a die, i. e. as
as close as
DICER. A dice-player. Greene. clean as possible, &c.
DICHE. To dig. (A.~S.) D1ELLE. A share or portion.
DICKER. A digger. (A.-S.) And thus for that ther is no dielle
DICHT. Made. Gawayne. Whereof to make myn avaunte.
Cower, MS. Sec. Antiq. 134, f. 54.
DICION. Power. (Lat.)
DICK. (1) A dike ; a ditch. Var. dial. DIERE. A beast. (Dut.)
(2) A leather apron and bib, worn by poor chil- DIERN. Severe ; hard j stern. West.
dren in the North. DIET. To take diet, to be put under a rcgimen
(3) Dressed up to the tune of Queen Dick, i. e. for the lues venerea.
very fine. That happened in the reign of DIETE. Daily food. (A.-N.)
Queen Dick, i. e. never. DIET-HOUSE. " His diet-houses, intertein-
(4) The bank of a ditch. Norf. ment, and all other things neccssarie," Holm-
(5) To deck, or adorn. North. shed, Chron. of Ireland, p, 133.
(6) A kind of hard cheese. Suffolk. DIFFADE. To injure ; to destroy. (A.-N.)
DICK-A-DILVER. The periwinkle. East. DIFFAME. Bad reputation. (A.-N.) Also,
DICKASS. A jack-ass. North. to disgrace, as in Langtoft, p. 321 ; but some-
DICK-A-TUESDAY. The ignis fatuus. times, to spread abroad one's fame.
DICKEN. The devil. Var. dial. Odds dickens, DIFFENDE. To defend. (A.-N.)
a kind of petty oath. The term is occasionally DIFFER. To quarrel. Var. dial
so employed in old plays, as in Heywood's DIFFERENCE. A controversy. North.
Edward IV. p. 40. DIFFIBULATE. To unbutton. (£,«*.)
DICKER. Ten of any commodity, as ten hides DIFFICILE. Difficult. (Lat.) "Neweanddif.
of leather, ten bars of iron, &c. Scale," Hall, Henry VIL f. 20,
 DIN
DIK
303
DIFFICILITATE. To make difficult (Lat.) DIKE-RE VE. An officer who superintends the
DIFFICILNESS. Difficulty ; scrupulousness. dikes and drains in marshes.
DIFFICULT. Peevish; fretful. North. DIKESMOWLER. The hedge-sparrow
DIFFICULTER. More difficult. Var.dial.
DIFFIDE. To distrust. (Lat.} DIKE-STOUR.
DILANIATE. To rend in pieces, Cumb.
A hedge-stake. f Lat.} *
DIFFIGURE. To disfigure. (Fr} DILATATION. Enlargement. 'A.-N.\
DIFFIND. To cleave in two. (Lat)
DIFFINE. To conclude; to determine. (A.-N.) DILATORY. DILDE. A delay. (A.-N.)
To protect. (Lat.} *
See Maundevile's Travels, p. 315. DILDRAMS, Improbable tales. West.
DIFFINISH. To define. Chaucer. DILE. The devil. Stanihurst, p. 9.
DIFFODED. Digged. Coles. DILECCION. Love. (Lat.}
DIFFREULED. Tainted with sin. (A.-N.) Frendschipe, adewe! fare wel, dileccionl
This seems to be the meaning of the word in Age is put outeofoure proteccion.
Occleve, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 255.
a poem in MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, although it
may possibly be an error for dissreuled. DILFULL. See Dylfutte.
DIFFUGOTJS. Flying divers ways. (Lat.} DILL. (1) Hedge parsley. Var. dial
DIFFUSE. Difficult ; hard to be understood. (2) To soothe; to still; to calm. North* See
Palsgrave. dylle, Towneley Myst.
DIFFUSED. Wild; irregular; confused. "With (3) Two seeded tare. Glouc.
some diffused song," Shak. (4) A wench, or doxy. DeJclcer.
DIG. (1) To spur a horse; to stab a man (5) A word to call ducks. Var. dial.
through his armour, &c. DILLAR. The shaft-horse. Wilts.
(2) To bury anything in the ground. DILLE. (IJDullj foolish.
(3) A mattock ; a spade. YorJcsh. Of alle
and the
dille,dedes tbay couthe doo, that derfe ware
(4) A duck. Chesh. Chester Plays, i. 52.
(5) Fo munch ; to eat. Var. dial. Thou dyede noghte, for thaire dede did no dere
unto the. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 232.
DIG-BRID. A young duck. Lane. The beate that hath no skylle,
DIGESTIBLE. Easy to be digested. (Lat.) But of speche dombe and dylle.
DIGESTIVES. Things to help digestion. MS. Cantab. Ff . il. 38, f . 43
Chaucer.
DIGGABLE. Capable of being digged. Hu- (2) To dull, or prevent.
How Juus wit ther gret unschille,
loet's Abcedarium, 1552. Wend his uprisyrg to dilie.
DIGGING. A spit in depth. North. MS. Cott. Vespas. A, iii. f. *,
DIGGINGS. Proceedings. Devon. DILLED. Quite finished. Cumb.
DIGHLE. Secret. Verstegan. DILLING. A darling, or favourite. Also, the
DIGHT. (1) To dispose. (A.-S.) youngest child, or the youngest of a brood.
(2) To dress ; to adorn ; to prepare ; to put on ; DILLS. The paps of a sow. East.
to find out. (A.-S.) Also, the part. past. DILLY. A small public carriage, corrupted
(3) To prepare, or clean anything. North. from Fr. diligence.
(4) To foul, or dirty. Ray. DILNOTE. The herb cidamum,
DIGHTER. A dresser. Florio. DILT. To stop up. North.
DIGHTINGS. Deckings ; ornaments. Florio. DILVE. To cleanse ore. Cornw.
DIGNE. (1) Worthy. (A.-N.) DILYERED. Wearied; confused; heavy;
(2) Proud ; disdainful. (A.-N.) drowsy ; shivery ; nervous. East.
DIGNELICHE. Deservedly. (^.-A'.) DIM. Dimness; darkness. (A.-S.)
DIGNOSTICK. An indication. (Lat.) DIMBER. Pretty. Wore.
Also the mists that arise from severall parts of DIMBLE. A narrow valley, or dingle.
the earth, and are dignosticks of subterranean waters,
owe their transpiration to this internall heate. DIMHEDE. Dimness. (A.-S.)
Aubrey's Wilts, MS. Royal Soc. p. 112.
DIMINITING. Diminishing. (Lat.)
DIG-OUT. To unearth the badger. DIMINUTE. Imperfect. (Lat.)
DIGRAVE. Same as Dike-reoe, q. v. DIMISSARIES. " They pawne their glibs, the
DIGRESS. To deviate j to differ. nailes of their fingers and toes, their dimis-
DIGRESSION. Deviation. Shdk. saries, &c." Stanihurst, p. 45.
DIKE. (1) A ditch. Var. dial Down in the DIMME. Dark; darkly.
or difficult to be understood.
(A.-S.) Also, hard
dike, i e. sick, diseased.
(2) A dry hedge. Cumb. DIMMET. Twilight. Devon.
(3) A small pond, or river. Yor&sh. DIMMING. The dawn of day. (A.-S.)
(4) A small rock in a stratum ; a crack or breach DIMPSE. Twilight Somerset.
of the solid strata. DIMSEL. A very large expanse of stagnant
water. Sussex.
(5) To dig ; to make ditches. (A.-S.)
Depe dolvene ami dede, dylted in raoldez. DIN. Noise ; revelry. (4.-S.)
Marts Arthurs, MS. Lincoln t f. 63, DINCH. Deaf. Somerset.
DIKE-CAM. A ditch bank. North. DINCH-PICK. A dung-fork; Glove.
DIKEDEN. Digged, pi. (A.-S.} DINDER. Thunder. Exmoor.
DIKER. A hedger, or ditcher. (A.-S.) DINDEREX. ' A thunderbolt. Grose.
 304
DIR DIS
D1NDEBS. Small coins of the lower empire " An horrible dirdam they made," Clarke's
found at vVroxeter. Salop. Spelt dynders Phraseologia, 1655, p. 170.
by Kennett. DIRE MPT. To divide. Dirempted, Holinshed,
DINDLE. (1) The sowthistle. Norf, Cong. Ireland, p. 52.
DIRGE- ALE. A funeral wake.
(2) To reel or stagger. North. Also to trem-
DIRIGE. A solemn hymn in the Romish church,
ble or shake j dyndled, Morte d' Arthur, i. 145. commencing Dirige gressus meos. It was part
(3) To tingle. See Stanihurst, p. 26. Some- of the burial service.
times, to suffer an acute pain.
DINE. A dinner. (4.-N.) DIRITY. Direness. (Lat.)
DING, (1) To throw violently ; to beat out ; to DIRK. To darken. Palsgrave.
indent ; to bruise ; to dash down ; to push, or DIRKE. To hurt ; to spoil. Spenser.
drive ; to sling. DIRL. (1) A thrill of pain. North. Also, to
Thys stone walle y schalle down dynge, give a slight tremble.
And with myii hondys y schalle yow hynge. (2) To move quickly. YorJcsh. Hence dirler,
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 66. an active person.
DIRSH. A thrush. Somerset.
(2) To surpass, or overcome. Chesh.
(3) To ding it in, to teach. Salop. DIRSTELIE. Boldly. Ferstegan.
DIRT. Rain. North.
(4) A moderated imprecation.
(5) To reiterate, or importune. Devon. DIRT-BIRD. The woodpecker. North.
DIRTEN. Made of dirt. West.
(6) To taunt ; to reprove. (Pest.
(7) To bluster ; to bounce. Wore. DIRT- WEED. Chenopodium mride, Lin.
DING-DING. A term of endearment. " My DIRUTER. A destroyer. (Lett.}
DIS. This. Percy.
ding-ding, my darling/' Withals, p. 61.
DING-DONG. Excessively; in good earnest. DISABLE. To degrade, or disparage. Also
DING-DOSSSLS. Dung-pots. Devon. an adjective, unable.
DINGDOULERS. Finery in dress. East. DISACCUSTOMED. Unaccustomed.
DINGE. To drizzle. Norf. DISACTLY. Exactly. Lane.
DINGHY. A jolly-boat North. DISADMONISH. To dissuade. Howell
DINGING. A strike, or blow. (A.-S.) DISAFFIRM. To deny ; to refuse.
DINGLE-DANGLE. To dangle loosely. West. DISALOWE. To disapprove. (A.-N.)
DINGNER. More worthy. (A^S.) DIS ANCHOR. To weigh anchor.
DING-THRIFT. A spendthrift. Used in York- DISANNUL. To injure ; to incommode ; to
shire in the last century. " Howse of dying- contradict ; to controvert ; to dispossess ; to
remove. Var. dial.
thrifle," MS. Line. Thorn, f. 148. DISAPPOINTED. Unarmed. Shak.
DINGY. Foul; dirty. Somerset.
DINMAN. A two-year sheep. North. DISAR. An actor. See Collier, I 50. Gene-
DINNA. Do not. North rally speaking, the clown ; and hence any fool
DINNEL. To stagger ; to tingle ; to thrill with was so called. Sometimes spelt disard, dis-
pain from cold, &c. North. sarde, (lizard, &c. " A dizzard or common
DINNER-TIN. A tin vessel containing a la- vice and jester counterfeiting the gestures of
bourer's dinner. Var. dial. any man, and moving his body as him list,"
DINNING. A great noise. Torrent, p. 63. Nomenclator, p. 529. Cf. Welde's Janua
DINT. A stroke. (^.-£) By dint of, i. e. by Linguarum, 1615, p. 77.
force of, a common expression. DISARRAY. Disorder. (A.-N.}
DINTLE. (1) To indent. North. DISASSENT. Dissent. Hall.
(2) An inferior kind of leather. DISAVAIL. To prejudice any one, so as to
DIOL. Dole ; lamentation. (A.-S.} hinder his rising in the world.
DIP. (1) Salt. Dorset. DISAVAUNCE. To drive back. U.-N.}
(2) Butter ; sugar ; any kind of sauce eaten with DISAVENTURE. Misfortune. (A-M)
pudding. North. DISBEAUTIFY. To deface anything.
(3) Cunning ; crafty ; deep. West. DISBLAME. To clear from blame. (A.N.)
(4) To go downward, as a vein of coal lying DISBURST. To disburse. Var. dial
obliquely in the earth. DISCANDY. To dissolve. Sto*.
DIPLOIS. A cloak. (Gr.) DISCARD. In card-playing, to put one or
DIPNESS. Depth. North. more cards out of the pack.
DIPPER. A bird, cinchis aqwticus. DISCASE. To strip; to undress
DIPPING-NET. A small net used for taking DISCEITE. Deceit; falsehood. Chaucer.
salmon and shad out of the water. DISCEIVABLE. Deceitful. U..N.}
DIPPINGS. The grease, &c. collected by the DISCERT. Desert. Langtoft, p. 316.
cook for occasional use instead of lard. See DISCEV&R. To discover. (Jawavne.
Tusser, p. 262. DISCEYVANCE. Deceit. (^.-M)
DIPTATTVE. A term in alchemy. See Ash- DISCHAITE. Ambush. (A.-N.}
mole's Theat. Chem, Brit. pp. 145, 320. DISCHARE. Skelton's Works, ii. 406
DIRD. Thread. Somerset. DISCHENELY. Secretly. (A.-N.)
L IRDAM. A great noise, or uproar. North. DISCIPLE. To exercise wi%discipline,
 305
DIS DIS
DISCIPLINE. A term used by the Puritans for neral fantastically. Hence disguising, a kind
church reformation. of mumming or dramatic representation.
DISCLAIM-IN. To disclaim. Anc. Dram. DISH. (1) A cupful, as of tea, &c.
DISCLOSE. To hatch. Disclosing is when the (2) To make hollow or thin, a term used by
young birds just peep through the shells, wheelrights and coopers.
See Gent. Rec. ii. 62 ; Holinshed, Conq. Ire- DISH ABIT. To remove from its habitation.
land, p.21; Hamlet, v. 1. Dishalitecl, uninhabited. Nares.
DISCOLOURED. Variously coloured. DISHAUNT. To leave; to quit.
UISHBILLE. Disorder ; distress. Kent. No
DISCOMFITURE. Displeasure.
DISCOMFORT. Defeat." (A.-N.)
(A.-N.) doubt from the French deshabille.
DISCOMFORTEN. To discourage. (A.-N.) DISH-CRADLE. A rack of wood used for
DISCOMFRONTLE. To ruffle, or displease drying dishes in. North.
one. East. See Forby. i. 94. DISHED. Overcome ; ruined. Var. dial
DISCONFITE. Discomfited. Hearne. DISHEL. A compound of eggs, grated bread,
DISCONTENT. A malcontent. Shaft. saffron and sage, boiled together.
DISCONVEMENCE. Misfortune. (A.-N.) DISHELE. Misfortune ; unhappiness. (A.-N.)
DISCORDABLE. Disagreeing ; different. O my wanhope and my triste !
DISCORDE. To disagree. (A.-N.} O my disfiele and alle my liste !
Rayse nojte jour herte to hye bicause of jour Gotoer, MS. Soc. Antiq 134, f. 86.
prowesche and jour doghty dedis, so that jeforgote DISHER. A maker of bowls or dishes,
5our laste ende, for ofte tymes we see that the lat- Dyssheres, Piers Ploughman, p. 96.
tere end of a mane discordes with the firste.
MS. Lincoln A. i 17, f. 19. DISHERIT. To disinherit. (A.-N.)
DISHERITESON. Disinheritance. (A.-N.)
DISCOURSE. (1) To run about. (Lat.) DISH-FACED. Hollow faced. North.
(2) Reason. It sometimes seems to have a DISH-MEAT. Spoon-meat. Kent.
slightly different meaning. DISHONEST. To detract ; to vilify.
DISCOVER. To uncover ; to undress. (A.-N.) DISHONORATE. Dishonourable.
DISCOVERTE. Uncovered. (A.-N.) DISHWASHER. (1) The water-wagtail.
DISCRESEN. To decrease. (A.-N.*) (2) A scullery maid. Harrison, p. 238.
DISCRIVEN. To describe; to publish. (A.-N.) DISIGE. Foolish. Verstegan.
DISCRYGHE. To descry ; to understand. DISJECTED. Scattered. (Lat.)
DISCURE. To discover ; to open ; to unveil. DISJOINT. A difficult situation. (A.-N.)
Also, to betray any one. DISKERE. See Discurc.
Contemplacioun of the Deite,
Whiche noon erthely langage may discure.
DISLEAL. Disloyal. Spenser.
MS. HarL 3860. DISLIKE. To displease, Also, to disagree.
Whanne hire bemis ben oplnly discurld. applied to articles of food.
Lydgate, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f, 7, DISLIMN. To obliterate. Shaft.
DISGUST. Determined. Drayton. Spenser DISLODGE. To move or start any animal. An
uses it in the sense of shaken off. old hunting term.
DISDEINOUS. Disdainful. (A.-N.) DISLOIGNED. Withdrawn ; secluded. (A.-N.)
DISE. To put tow or flax on a distaff. Pals- DISLOYAL. Unchaste. Chapman.
grave has dysyn. DISMALS. Melancholy feelings. Var. dial.
DISEASE. To disturb ; to trouble; to annoy. DISME. The tax of a tenth. Shakespeare uses
Also, uneasiness, discontent. dismes for tens, in Tr. and Cress, ii. 2.
DISEDGED. Satiated. Shaft. DISMEMBER. To carve a heron. See the
DISEMBOGUE. To flow out. (A.-N.) Booke of Hunting, 1586, f. 81.
DISENCRESE. Diminution. Also a verb, to DISMEMBRE. To vilify. (A.-N.}
decrease or diminish. (A.-N.} DISMOLLISH. To demolish. West.
DISENDID. Descended. Chaucer. DISNATURED. Unnatural. Daniel
DISERT. Eloquent. (Lat.) The term occurs DISOBEISANT. Disobedient. (A.~N.)
inFoxe's epitaph, ap. Lupton's History, 1637. DISOBLIGE. To stain or dirty, East.
DISESPERANCE. Despair. (A.-N.) DISORDEINED. Disorderly, (A.-N.)
DISFETIRLY. Deformedly. (A.-N.) DISORDINATE. Disorderly. (Lat.)
DISFIGURE. (1) Deformity. (A.^N.) DISORDINAUNCE. Irregularity. (A.-N.)
(2) To carve a peacock. See the Booke of DISOUR. (1) A player at dice. (A.-N.)
Hunting, 1586,181. (2) A teller of tales. (A.-N.) An important
DISGEST. To digest. Var. dial A very person in the old baronial hall.
common form in early writers. Disgesture, DISPACARLED. Scattered. « Dispersed aad
digestion, Halle's Expostulation, p. 21. dispacarled," Two Lane. Lovers, 1640, p. 57.
DISGISENESSE. Disguise. Chaucer. DISPAR. (1) Unequal. (Lat.)
DISGRADE. To degrade. See Hall, Henry (2) A commons or share. North.
VII. f. 50 ; Death of Rob. Huntington, p. 27. DISPARAGE. (1) To disable. (A.-N.)
DISGRATIOUS. Degraded. (Lat.)
DISGREE. To disagree. Palsgrave* (2) A And
disparagement.
that hy t were a (A.-N.)
grete dysperage
DISGRUNTLED. Discomposed. Glouc. To the and all thy baronage.
DISGUISE. To dress up, or deck out, in ge- MS. Cantab. Ff, it. 38, t 1?4~»

20
 PIS DIS
306
DISPARENT. Variegated. (Lat.) DISSENT. Descent. Lydgate
DISP ARKLE. To scatter ; to disperse. Dis- DISSENTIENT. Disagreeing. (Lat.)
percled, Hall, Edward IV. f. 19. DISSENTORI. A kind of still. (Lat.)
DISPARLID. Beaten down; destroyed. DISSEYVAUNT. Deceitful. (A.-N.)
DISPARPLE. To disperse. Lydgate. DISSHROWED. Made open, or manifest;
DISPART, (i) To divide ; to separate. published. Sec Stanihurst's Descr. p, 15.
(2) The peg or pin set upon the mouth of a DISSIMULARY. To dissimulate. Hall.
piece by which the level was taken. DISSIMULE. To dissemble. (A.-N.)
DISPARTELYN. To disperse. Pr. Parv. DISSJMULER. A dissembler. (A.-N.)
DISPEED. To dispatch. Lister. D1SSIMULINGS. Disserablings. Chaucer.
D1SPENCE. Expence; the necessaries of life, DISSNINS. A distance in horseracing, the
(^.-Ar.) Dispencis, MS. Lansd. 762. eighth part of a mile.
DISPENDE. To expend ; to waste. DISSOLVE. To solve ; to explain. (Lat.)
DISPENDERE. A steward. (Lat.} DISSONED. Dissonant. (A.-N.)
DISPENDIOUS. Sumptuous; costly. (Lat.} DISSURY. The strangury. Tmser.
DISPERAUNCE. Despair. (A.-N.)
DISPEYRID. In despair. DISTAFF. St. Distaff's day, a name jocularly
given to the day after Twelfth Day. Also
He caujte comforte and consolacioun called Rock-day.
Of alle that ever he was afore di-pet/dd.
Li/dffate, MS. Soc. 4ntiq. 134, f. 5.
DISTAINE. To discolour; to stain; to take
DISPITE. To grumble; to be angry; to be away the colour. (A.-N.) Sometimes, to
caliD, still, or pacify, from destaindre.
spiteful ; to defy. (A.-N.) Ye washe cleyne fro mole and spottos blake,
DISPITOUS. Angry to excess. (A.-N.) That wyne nor oyle nor yit none inke distycne.
DISPLE. To discipline ; to chastise. MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 141.
DISPLEASANT. Unpleasant; offensive.
DISPLESAUNS. Displeasure. (A.-N.) DISTANCE. Discord; debate; dissension;
Ther mowthis to pleyne ther disturbance. " Withoutyn ony dystaunce,"
MS. Cantab. Ff. i. G, f. 45. MS. Harl. 3954.
DISPLESURE. To displease. (A.-N.) For after mete, without dlstam,
DISPOIL. To undress. (A.-N.) The cockwoldes schuld together danse.
MS. Ashmole 61, f. 01.
DISPOINT. To disappoint. (A.-N,)
DISPONE. To dispose. (Lat.) He preyeth yow that ye wylle cese,
And let owre londys be in pees
DISPORT. (1) To divert. (A.-N.)
"Wythowtyn any dystawnce.
(2) Sport ; diversion. (A.-N.) MS. Cantab, Ff. ii. 33, f. 78.
DISPOSE. Disposal ; disposition ; arrangement. DISTASTE. An insult. Jonson. Also a verb,
Shak.
DISPOSED. Inclined to mirth and jesting. to displease, to insult.
Sometimes, wantonly merry. See Nares, and DISTEMPERATE. Immoderate. Hence dis-
temperature, disorder, sickness.
the examples quoted by him. " Wend thee DISTEMPERED. Intoxicated. ShaA.
from mee, Venus, I am not disposed," Shep- DISTEMPRE. To moisten ; to mingle. (A.-N.)
herd's Song of Venus and Adonis, 1600. DISTENCE. The descent of a hill. (A.-N.)
DISPOSITION. Disposal. Chaucer. DISTINCT. To distinguish. (Lat.)
DISPOURVEYED. Unprovided. (A.-N.) DISTINCTIONS. Commas. (Fr.)
DISPREDDEN. To spread around. See PhiUis
and Flora, Lond. 1598. DISTINGUE. To distinguish ; to divide.
For he hire kirtille fonde also, DISTOR. Distress. North.
And eekhire mantelle bothe two, DISTOURBLED. Disturbed. (A.-N.)
Dispred Upon the bed alofte. DISTRACT. Distracted. ShaL
Gotoer, MS. Sac. Antiq. 134, f. 171. DISTRACTIONS. Detachments; parts taken
DISPREISE. To undervalue. (A.-N.) from the main body. ShaL
DISPUNG®. To sprinkle. ShaL DISTRAIN. To strain anything ; to catch ; to
DISPUNISHABLE. Not capable of punish" hold fast ; to afflict, or torment.
raent. See Stanihurst's Descr. p. 26. DISTRAUGHT. Distracted. (A.-N.)
DISPUTESOUN. A dispute, or disputation. DISTRAYENG. Distraction. (.4,-N.)
(A.-N.) See Langtoft's Chron. p. 300. DISTREITEJ. Strait; difficulty. (A.-'fi.)
DISQUIET. To disturb ; to trouble. DISTRENE. To constrain ; to enforce. (A.«N.)
DISRANK. To degrade ; to put out of rank or DISTRET. A 'superior officer of a monastery.
order. (A.-X.) (A.-N.)
DISRAY. Clamour. (A.-N.) Also, to fight DISTRICATE. To disentangle. (Lat.)
irregularly, to put out of order. DISTRIB. To destroy. (A,-N.)
DISRULILY. Irregularly. Chaucer. Hors and man felle downe withoute dowte,
DISSAE. A scoffer ; a fool. And sone he was dystryed.
DIS SEAT. To unseat ; to remove. MS. Cantab. Ff. 5i. 38, f. /6.
DISSEILE. To deceive. (A.-N.) Parv.
DISTROBELAR. One who disturbs. Pr.
DISSEMBLABLE. Unlike; dissimilar.
DISSEMBLANCE. Dissembling. (Fr.) DISTROXJBE. To disturb ; to trouble. (A.-N.)
 307
DIY DOC
DISTROUBLE. To disturb. (A.-N.) It occurs DIVIDE. To make divisions in music, which
as a substantive in Palsgrave. is, the running a simple strain into a great
For another also thou naayst beshent, variety of shorter notes to the same modu-
3yf thou tiqateoblyst here testament. lation. Nares.
MS. Harl. 1701, f. 8. DIVILIN. A brick-kiln. Lino.
DISTRUSS. To oversow; to conquer. (Fr.) DIVINACLE. A riddle. Phillips.
DISTURB. A disturbance. Daniel DIVINE. Divinity. Chaucer.
DISTURBLE. To disturb. Wickdiffe. DIVINISTRE. A divine. (A.-N.)
DISTURBULYNG. Dispute, or disturbance. DIVIS. Device. (A.-N.)
The Jewes saw that ilke thyng,
DIVISE. To divide ; to separate.
Anon thai were InMS. distur'butyng.
Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 34. Clenlyche fro the croune his corse he dywjsyde.
Morte Arthur^ MS. Line/tin, f. 68.
D1STURNE. To turn aside. (A.-N.}
DISUSED. Out of practice. Line. DIVULGATE. To divulge. See Arch. xxii.
DISVEIL. To unveil ; to open. Palsgrave. 254. Devulgacion, Hall, Henry VII. f. 31.
DISVOUCH. To contradict ; to discredit. DIVVENT. Do not. Cnrnb.
DIWY-DUCK. A dobchick. West.
DISWERE. Doubt. (A.-S.) "Without dis- DIZARD. See Disar.
were," Boke of Curtasye, p, 19. DIZE. See Dise.
DISWITTED. Distracted. Drayton,p. 173.
DISWORSHIP. Discredit. Philpot. DIZEN. To dress ; to adorn ; to be conceited
DIT. To close ; to stop up. (A.-S.} Still used or pompous. North.
in the North, Sometimes the pa, past. DIZZARDLY. Foolish ; stupid.
And yn the middes a grete pytte, DI3T. To pronounce ; to make. Gawayne.
That al the worlde myghte hit not ditte. DO. (1) Though ; then. Kent.
Purgatory Legend, MS. Rawl. (2) To cause. I do ma&e, i. e. I cause to make,
DITCH, (1) Grimy dirt. Also, to stick to, as or to be made ; / do one to understand, &c.
Metaphorically, to fight.
(2)anything'
A fence, thatnot theis clammy.
drain. North.North.
(3) The part. past, for don.
(3) To make a ditch or moat. Sometimes, to (4) To do one right, or reason, to pledge a per-
clean or fey a ditch. son in drinking. SJiak.
DITCH-BACK. A fence. North. (5) To do for> to take care of, to provide for;
DITE. (1) To winnow. Chapman. to do for one, to ruin him ; to do to deatht to
(2) To dictate ; to write. (4.-N.) do to die, to kill or slay ; to do to know, to in-
DITEMENT. An indictment. (A.-N.) form, &c.
DITES. Sayings ; ditties. (A.-NJ (6) Deed ; action ; contest.
DITHER. To shake ; to tremble ; to confuse. (7) To put ; to place. As do on, do in, &c. still
Also, a confused noise, a bother. in provincial use.
DITHING. A trembling or vibratory motion of (8) A fete ; an entertainment.
the eye. Chesh. DOAGE. Rather damp. Lane.
DITING. (1) Whispering. North. DOALD. Fatigued. Craven.
(2) A report, or saying. (A.~N.} DOAN. Wet, damp bread. Beoon.
DITLESS. A portable wooden stopper for the DOAND. Doing. (A.-S.)
mouth of an oven. DOATED. Beginning to decay, chiefly applied
DITOUR. A tale-teller. (A.-N.) to old trees. East.
DITT. A ditty, Spenser. DOATTEE. To nod the head when sleep come*
DITTED. Dirtied ; begrimed. Line. on, whilst one is sitting up, Exm.
DITTEN. Mortar or clay to stop up an oven. DOBBIN. (1) An old jaded horse.
Dittin, Yorksh. Dial. 1697. (2) Sea gravel mixed with sand. East Sussex.
D1TTER. The game of Touch and Run. DOBBLE. To daub. East.
DIURNAL-WOMEN. Women who cried the DOBBY. A fool; a silly old man. Also, a
daily papers about the streets. kind of spirit. North. The (lobbies seem to
DIV. Do. North. be similar to the Scottish Brownies. They are
DIVE-DAPPER. The dobchick, or didapper. well described by Washington Irving in his
" Some folkys cal her a dyvedopper or a dop- Bracebridge Half, ed. 1822, ii. 183-6.
pechyk," Dial. Great. Moral, p. 159. Some- DOBE. To dub a knight. (A.-S.)
times called the dyvendop. DOBELLET. A doublet. Plumpt. Corr, p. 13d.
DIVE LIN. Dublin. West. DOBELYNE. To double. Pr.Parv.
DIVERB. A proverb. (Lot.) DOBIL. Double. Chaucer.
DIVEROUS. Wayward. (A.-N.) DOBY. To strike; to beat. (^.-JV.)
DIVERSE. Different. Also, to diversity. DOCCY. A doxy, or whore. " No man playe
DIVERSORY. An inn. (Lett.} doccy," Hycke Scorner, n. d.
DIVERT. To turn aside. (Lat.) DOCIBLE. Tractable; docile. North.
DIVEST. To undress. (A.-N.) DOCILISIST. Most docile. East.
DIVET. A turf or sod. North. DOCITY. Pocility ; quickness. Glouc.
DIVIDABLE. Divided; distant Shak. DOCK. (1) Futuo. DeJcker. "Docking th«
DIVIDANT. Divisible, Shah. dell," a very common phrase.
 DOB 308
DOG
DODGE. (1) A small lump of anything moist
(2)the
Themiddle
fleshy and part the
of huttock
a boar's ; chine, hetween
the stump of a and thick. East.
"beast's tail ; the broad nether end of a felled (2) To jog; to incite. North.
tree, or of the human body. (3) To follow in the track of a person or animal.
(3) To cut off. Var. dial. Yar. dial.
(4) The common mallow, far. dial (4) To have the dodge, to be cheated, to give
(5) The crupper of a saddle. Devon. one the slip. To dodge, to try to cheat one,
to haggle in a bargain.
(6) If a person is stung with a nettle, a cer-
tain cure is said to be performed by rub- (5) A cunning trick. Var. dial
bing dock leaves over the affected part, re- (6) A dog. Alleyn Papers, p. 32.
peating the following charm very slowly — (7) To drag on very slowly. North.
" Nettle in, dock out, dock rub nettle out/' (8) A squirrel's nest. Sout7i.
In Cheshire, according to Wilbraham, in dock DODGER. (1) A night-cap. Kent.
out nettle is a land of proverbial saying ex- (2) A miser. Howell
pressive of inconstancy. Hence may be ex- DODIPOLL. A blockhead. " As learned as
plained the passages in Chaucer, Troil. and Doctor Doddipoll," Howell, p. 17. "A lo-
Creseide, iv. 461 ; Test, of Love, p. 482. zell, hoydon, dunce, jobbernoll, doddipole"
There was a small stinging red nettle called Cotgrave. Perhaps derived from dottypolea,
the dock-nettle, as appears from MS. Harl. a nick-name for the shaven-crowned priests.
978, the A. N. name being or fie griesche. DODKIN. A very small coin, the eighth part
Uncertaine certaine, never loves to settle, of a stiver. " The stiching cost me but a
But heere, there, everywhere ; in dock> out nettle,
Taylors Motto, 1622. x dodtiin, Weelkes' Ayres, Lond. 1608. It was
prohibited by Henry V.
DOCKAN. The dock. North. DODMAN. A snail. Norfolk. Also, a snail-
DOCKERER. Fur made of the skin of the
dossus, or weasel, the petit gris. shell. " A sely dodman crepe," Bale's Kynge
Johan,
Bulk and p. 7. " A snayl
Selvedge, 1674,or p.dodman,"
125. Fairfax's
DOCKET. (1) A shred or piece. (A.-S.)
(2) A woodman's bill. Oxon. DODO. A lullaby. Minsheu.
DOCKET. A meal taken about ten o'clock DODUR. Castula, a kind of flax.
A.M. by field labourers. East. DODY. George. North.
DOCKSPITTER. A tool for pulling or cutting DOE. To live on little food. Chesh.
up docks. Dorset. DOELE. Dole; grief; sorrow. (^.-JV.)
BOCKSY. The fundament. East. So grete sorow the quene than wrought,
DOCTOR. An apothecary. Doctor of skill, a Crete doele it was to se and lythe.
MS. Harl. 2252, f. 98.
physician.
dial Doctor's stuff, medicine. Far. DOELFULLIE. Dolefully; grievously.
DOCTORATE- Doctorship. Thynne, p. 22. DOER. An agent ; a manager ; a factor. East.
DOCTRINE. To teach. (A.-N.} The Puri- See Burgon's Gresham, ii. 44.
tans in their sermons used to call the subject DOERBODY. The body of a frock.
under explanation the doctrine. DOES. It does not, i. e. it has lost its force
DOCUMENTIZE. To preach ; to moralise. and virtue. North,
DOD. (1) The fox-tail reed. North. DOFF. (1) To do off; to undress. Var. dial
delay.
Also, to remove, to get rid off, to put off or
(2) To cut the wool off sheep's tails ; to lop or
cut off anything. Dodded, without horns.
Dodded corn, corn without beards. (2) Dough for bread. North.
f3) A shell. Suffolk. DOFTYR. Daughter. Ritson.
(4) A rag of cloth. Cumb. DOG. (1) A toaster of wood or iron made in the
DODDART. A bent stick used in the game form of a dog. North.
called doddart, which is played in a large level (2) A large band of iron, used for fastening the
field by two parties headed by two captains, walls outside old houses, supporting wood, &c.
and having for its object to drive a wooden (3) A small pitcher. Craven.
ball to one of two boundaries.
DODDER. To shake, or tremble. Doddered, (4) See Andirons.
(5) If I do, dog worry my uncle, a phrase im-
confused, shattered, infirm. North. plying refusal on being asked to do anything
DODDEREL. A pollard. Warw. contrary to one's wishes.
DODDERING-DICKIES. The quivering heads (6) A dogge for the bowe, a dog used in shoot-
of the briza, or quaking grass. North. ing. Chaucer.
DODDINGS. The fore-parts of a fleece of (7) To follow or dodge one.
wool. Norfh. DOG-APE. The dog-faced baboon, a species
DODDLE. To totter ; to dawdle. North. first described by Gesner, 1551.
DODDLEISH. Feeble, bussex. DOG-BEE. A drone, or male bee.
BODDY. Little ; small. Doddi/mite, very low DOG-BOLT. A term of reproach. " Manes
iii stature. East.
that dog-bolt," Lilly, ed. 1632, Sig. G. is.
DODDYPATE. A blockhead. " And called Dog-louse is still heard in Craven in a similar
hym dodypate," Boke of Mayd Emlyn. sense. Carr, i. 112.
MODELING, Idling ; trifling. Devon. DOGCHEAP. Excessively cheap. " They af-
 JJUJU

forded their wares so dog-cheape" Slanihurst, (4) A duck. (A.-S.}

p. 22. Still in use. The gobe, the rfwfre, the cokkowe also.
JUS. Cutttab. Pf . i. 6, f. 31.
DOGCOLE. The herb dogbane. Palsgrave.
DOG-DAISY. The field daisy. North. DOKELING. A young duck. (A.-S.)
DOG-DRAVE. A kind of sea-fish, often men- DOKET. Docked. Pr. Paw.
tioned in.the Finchale Charters. D 0 LARD . A pollard . Oaeon.
DOG-FENNEL. The corn camomile. Warw. DOLATE. To tolerate. Line.
DOGFLAWS. Gusts of rage. Dyce. DOLD. Stupid ; confused. (^.-£) A person
DOGGED. Very ; excessive. Var. dial. Dog- half stupid is still said to be in a doldrum.
ged-way, agreat way, excessive. Devon.
DOGGEDLY. Badly done. Norf. DOLE. (1) A lump of anything. Line.
DOGGENEL. An eagle. Cumb. (2) A share, or portion. (^.-£) Also, to set out
DOGGER. A small fishing ship. or allot ; to divide. Hence, any division oi
DOG-HANGING. A wedding feast, where goods or property.
money was collected for the bride. (3) Money, bread, &c. distributed to the poor.
DOG-HOLE. A small insignificant town, very North.
insecurely fortified. (4) A boundary mark, either a post or a mound
DOGHOOKS. Strong hooks or wrenches used of earth. East. Also, a balk or slip of un-
for separating iron boring rods. ploughed ground.
DOGHT. Thought. (A.-S.) (5)North.
Grief 5 sorrow. (4.-N.) Still in use in the
DOGHY. Dark ; cloudy ; reserved. Chesh.
DOG-KILLER. A person who killed dogs (6) A piece of heath or common off which only
found loose in the hot months.
DO-GLADLY. Eat heartily. Ritson. (7)oneTheperson
bowels,has blood,
a rightandto feet
cut fuel. A'orf.
of a deer, which
DOG-LATIN. Barbarous Latin, as verte canem were given to the hounds after the hunt.
ex, when addressing a dog in his own lan- Blome, ii. 87.
guage, &c. (8 ) A low flat place. West.
DOG-LEACH. A dog doctor. Often used as (9) Happy man be his dole> let his lot be happy,
a term of contempt. or happy be he who succeeds best. See R.
DOG-LOPE. A narrow slip of ground between Fletcher's Poems, 1656, p. 139.
two houses, the right to which is questionable. DOLE -AX. A tool used for dividing slats for
North. wattle gates. Kent. Perhaps connected with
DOGNOPER. The parish beadle. Yorfoh. bole-ax, q. v.
DOGONE. A term of contempt. (^.-N.) DOLE-BEER. Beer distributed, to the poor.
DOGS. The dew. Essex. Ben Jonson.
DOGS-EARS. The twisted or crumpled cor- DOLEFISH. Seems to be that fish which the
ners of leaves of a book. fishermen employed in the North Seas receive
for their allowance, tf fount.
DOG'S-GRASS. The cynosurus cristatus, Lin.
DOG'S-HEAD. Some kind of bird mentioned DOLEING. Almsgiving. Kent.
by Florio, in v. Egocephdlo. DOLE-MEADOW. A meadow in which seve-
BOG'S-NOSE. A cordial used in low life, ral persons have shares.
composed of warm porter, moist sugar, gin, DOLEMOOR. A large uninclosed common.
and nutmeg. Somerset.
DOG'S-STONES. Gilt buttons. North. DOLENT. Sorrowful. (A.-X.) See Hall,
DOG'S-TAIL.
known as ursa Theminor. constellation generally Henry STONE.
Till. f. 23A ; landmark.
Ritson's Met. Kent.
Rom. iii. 212.
DOLE-
DOG-STANDARD. Ragwort, North. DOLEY. Gloomy ; solitary. Nor thumb. Soft
DOGSTURDS. Candied sweetmeats. Newc. and open, muggy, applied to the \\eather;
DOG-TREE. The alder. North. easy, wanting energy. Line.
DOG-TRICK. A fool's bauble. Deleter. DOLING. A fishing boat with two musts, each
DOGUISE. To disguise. (A.-N.) carrying a sprit-sail. E. Suss.
DOG-WHIPPER. A church beadle. DOLIUM. A vessel of wine. (Lat.) « A do-
DOIL. Strange nonsense. West. Hum of wyne," Liber Niger Edw. IV. p. 20.
DOINDE. Doing ; progressing. ( DOLL. A child's- hand. North.
DOIT. A small Dutch coin, valued at about DOLLOP. (1) To beat. Var. dial.
half a farthing- (2) A lump of anything. East.
DOITED. Superannuated. Var. dial. (3) To handle anything awkwardly ; to nurse
DOITKIN. See Bodkin. too much, or badly, Var. dial.
DOKE. (1) Any small hollow, apparently syno- DOLLOUR. To abate in violence, as the wind
nymous with dalk, q. v. " Two deep doaks" does. Kent.
Fairfax's Bulk and Selvedge, 1674, p. 130. DOLLURS. Bad spirits. /. Wight. This is
A deep furrow or any sudden fall in ground, of course from the French. Dolour occurs in
Kennett, p. 22. Shakespeare.
(2) A bruise. Essex. DOLLY. (1 ) To beat linen. West.
(3; A small brook. Jfissear. (2) A prostitute, borth.
 DON DOO
310
DOND ON. A fat gross woman. (Fr.)
(3) A washing tub ; a churn-staff. Also, awash-
ing beetle. DONE. (1) Put ; placed. (A.-S.)
(4) A passing staff, with legs. North. (2) To do. Fairfax. Did. West.
(5) A sloven. - Var. dial. (3) Exhausted ; worn out ; well roasted or boiled,
(6) Sad ; sorrowful. Warw. Var. dial.
DOLLYD. Heated; made Inke-warm. Pr.Parv. 1 Cease ; be quiet. Far. dial.
DOLLY-DO UCET. A child's doll. Wore. ) A down, field, or plain. (A.-S.) " Hii come
DOLOUR. Grief; pain. (A.-N.) upon a done," JBeves, p. 107.
DOLOURING. A mournful noise. Essex. (6) In hunting, a deer is said to be done when
DOLPHIN. The Dauphin of France. he dies. Gent. Rec. ii. 78.
DOLVE. Delved ; digged. Rob. ^louc. p. 395. (7) To din ; to sound. (A.-S.)
DOLVEN. Buried. (^.-5.) See Maundevile, DONE-GROWING. Stunted in growth. East.
p. 62 ; Arthour and Merlin, p. 28 ; Romaunt of DONERE. To fondle ; to caress. (J.-N.)
the Hose, 4070. DONET. A grammar, that of Donatus being
DOLVER. Reclaimed fen-ground. East. formerly the groundwork of most treatises on
DOLY. Doleful ; sorrowful. Chaucer. the subject.
DOM. (1) Dumb. Towneley Myst. DONE-UP. Wearied ; ruined. Var. dial.
DONGE. A mattress. Pr. Parv.
(2) A door case. Wilts.
DOMAGE. Damage ; hurt. (A.-N.} See Hall, DONGENE. Thrown. (A.-S.)
Whenne he had so done, lie turned agayne unto
Henry VIII. f. 29 ; Rom. of the Rose, 4895. Tyre, and fande the bastelle that he hade made in
DOMAGEOUS. Hurtful. (4.-N.) the see don gene doune to the ground e.
DOMBE. Dumb. (A.-S.\ MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 5.
DOME. (1) Judgment 5 opinion. (A.-S.} At DONGEON. See Dungeon.
Ms dome, under his jurisdiction, DONGESTEK. A dungfork. Peest, x.
(2 ) The down of rabbits, &c. East. DONGON. A person who looks stupid, but is
DOME-HOUSE. The judgment-hall- Pr.Parv. really witty and clever. West.
DOMEL. Stupid. Glouc. DONICK. The game of doddart, q. T.
DOMELOUS. Wicked, especially applied to a DONJON. See Dungeon.
known betrayer of the fair sex. Line.
DONK. Damp; moist; humid. North. " Down-
DOMESCART. The hangman's cart. (A.-S.) kynge of dewe," moisture of dew, Morte Ar-
DOMESMAN. A judge. (A..S.) thure, MS. Lincoln, f. 87.
Go we therfore togedre before the dredefull
domesman, there for to here 01 re everlastynge DONKE. To think ; to thank (A.-S.)
dampnacion. MS. Cantab. Ff . ii. 38, f. 7-
DONKEY. Same as donlc, q. v.
DOMGE. An image ? See Brit. Bibl. ii. 108. DONKS. At hussel-cap, he who knocks out all
Qu. an error for doinge. the marbles he has put in, is said to have got
his donks.
DOMINATIONS. One of the supposed or- DONNAT. A wretch ; a devil. North.
ders of angelical beings, the KvpLorqrsg.
DOMINEER. To bluster. Shak. DONNE. Of a dun colour. (A.-S.} " Don-
DOMINO. A kind of hood worn by canons ; ned cow," Turnament of Tottenham.
Ser, sen je salle on huntynge fownde,
and hence a veil formerly worn with mourn- I salle jow gyfFe twa gud grewhundes,
ing-, and still used in masquerades. Are donnede als any doo.
DOMINOUN. Dominion ; lordship. (A..N.} MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 140
DOMME. Dumb. (A.-S.} DONNINETHELL. Wild hemp. Gerard.
DOMMEL. A drum. North. DONNINGS. Dress ; clothes. West.
DOMMELHEED. The female verenda. Cumb.
DONNUT. A pancake made of dough instead
DOMMERARS. Beggars who pretended to be of batter. Herts.
dumb. They were chiefly Welchmen. DONNY. (1) Same as donne, q. v.
DOMP. To fall ; to tumble. North. (2) Poorly ; out of sorts. Lane.
DON, (1) To put on ; to dress. Var. dial (3) A profligate woman. West.
And costly vesture was in hand to don.
(4) A small fishing-net. Line.
Tufbevlle's Ovid, 1567, f. 145. DONSEL. A youth of good birth but not
(2) Done ; caused. (A.-S.) knighted. (^.-JV.)
(3) Clever; active. North.
DON'T. Dont ought, ought not. Dont think,
(4) A gay young fellow. Line. do not think. Var. dial
(5) A superior, as a fellow of a college, one who DONYED. Dinned ; resounded. (A.-S.)
sets himself up above others. Var. dial Soche strokys gaf the knyghtysstowte,
DONCH. Same as daunch, q. v. That the hylJe donyed all abowie
DONCY. Dandyism. North. MS. Cantab, Ff. tU 38 f, 224
DOND. Dressed. TTestmorel DOOD. Done. Devon.
DONDEGO. Or Don Diego, a person who made DOODLE. A trifler, or idler. Ash.
a jakes of St. Paul's cathedral, and is occa- DOODLE-SACK. A bagpipe. Kent,
sionally noticed for his exploit by early writers. DOOGS. Same as donks, q. v.
BONDER. Thunder. (A.-S.) DOOKE. (1) Do you. Wilts.
DONDINNER. The afternoon. Yorksh. (2) A duck. Pr. Parv.
 DOR 311 DOR
DOOKELYNGYS. Ducklings. Pr. Parv. BO HCHESTEli. As big as a Dorchester butt,
DOOM. Judgment. (A.-SJ i. e. exceedingly fat.
DOOMAN. A woman. Var. dial. DORDE. Some kind of sauce used in ancient
BOON. (1) To do. (^-S.) cookery. Feest, ix.
(2) The village cage or prison. Line. DORE. (1) There. (A.-S.)
DOOR. The fish doree. (2) To dare. (A.-S.)
DOOR-CHEEKS. Door-posts. See Cheeks, And otherwhile, yf that I dore,
and Exod. xii. 22, ed. 1640. Er I come fully to the dorc,
DOORDERN. A door-frame. Line. I turne ajen and fayne a thinge,
DOOR-KEEPER. A whore. DeMer. As thouje I hadde lost a rynge.
Cower, MS. Sue. Antiq. 134, f. 121.
DOORN. A door-frame. Wilts.
DOOR-NAIL. « Bed as dore nail," Will, and (3) To stare at one. North.
the Werwolf, p. 23. This proverb is still in DORE-APPLE. A firm winter apple of a bright
yellow colour. East.
use. " As deed as a dore-tree," Piers Plough- DOREE. Pastry. (A.-N.)
man, p.26. DOREN. Doors. (^.-S.)
DOOR-PIECE. A piece of tapestry hung be-
fore an open door. DORESTOTHES. Door-posts. Finch. Chart.
DOOR-SILL. The threshold of a door. DORE-TREE. The bar of a door. See Piers
DOOR-STAANS. Same as Door-sill, q. v. Ploughman, p. 26 ; Havelok, 1806.
DOOR-STALL. A door-post. East. DORFER, An impudent fellow. North.
DORGE. A kind of lace.
DOOR-STEAD. Same as door-sill, q. v.
DOORWAY. The entrance into a building, or DORISHMENT. Hardship. North.
apartment. DOR-LINES. Mackerel lines. North.
DOORY. Very little ; diminutive. DORLOT. An ornament for a woman's dress.
Yortoh.
DOOSE. (1) A blow, or slap. North. (A.-N.) Sometimes the same as Calk (1).
DORM. To dose ; a dose. North.
'2) Thrifty; .careful ; cleanly. North.
:3) Soft to the touch. DORMANT. ^ The large beam lying across a
Line.as Dommelheed, q. v.
DOOSENLOOP. The same room; a joist. Also called dormant-tree,
DOOSEY-CAP. A punishment among boys in dormond, and dormer. Anything fixed was
the North of England. said to be dormant. The dormant-table was
DOOTE. A fool. (A.-N.) perhaps the fixed table at the end of a hall,
How lordis and leders of our lawe where the baron sat in judgment and on state
Has geven dome that this floats schall dye. occasions. See Chaucer, Cant. T. 355 ; Hall,
Walpule Mytterics, MS. Henry VIII. f. 181 ; Cyprian Academic, 1647,
DOOTLE. A notch in a wall to receive a beam, ii. 58. To begin the tabul dormant, to take
in building. North. the principal place.
DO-OUT. To clean out. Suffolk. A tabul dormant that he begynne ;
POP. A short quick curtsey. East. The term Then shal we lawj that be herein.
occurs in Ben Jonson. MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 54.
DOP-A-LOW. Very short in stature, especially Kyng AJthour than verament
spoken of females. East. Ordeynd throw hys awne assent,
DOPCHICKEN, Thedabchick. Line. The tabittt dormounte withouten lette.
MS. Ashmole 6If f. 60.
DOPE. A simpleton. Cumb.
DOPEY. A beggar's trull. Grose. DORMATIVE. Sleepy. (Lot.) " A donna-
DOPPERBIRD. The dabchick, or didapper. tive potion," Cobler of Canterburie, 1608.
Doppar in the Pr. Parv. p. 127. DORMEDORY. A sleepy, stupid, inactive per-
son. Heref.
DOPPERS. The Anabaptists, or dippers^ much
disliked in Jonson's time, who mentions them DORMER. A window pierced through a sloping
under this name. roof, and placed in a small gable which rises
DOPT. To adopt. " I would dopt him," on the side of the roof. Oaf. Gloss. Arch.
Chettle's Hoffman, 1631, sig. F. iv. In Herefordshire, an attic window projecting
DOR. (1) A drone or beetle ; a cockchafer. To from the roof is called a dormit.
dor, or to give the dor, to make a fool of one, DORMOND. Part of the clothing of a bed.
corresponding to the modern hum, to deceive. Finchale Chart.
Dor, a fool, Hawkins, iii. 109. DORNEX. See Darnex.
(2) To obtain a dor, to get leave to sleep. A DORNS. Door-posts. Devon.
DORNTON. A small repast taken between
schoolboy's phrase. • breakfast and dinner. North.
(3) To frighten, or stupiry. West.
DORADO. Anything gilded. (Span.) Hence, DORP. A village, or hamlet. (A.-S.)
a smooth-faced rascal. DORRE. (1) Durst. See Rob. Glouc. p. 112;
DORALLE. Sam<3 as dariol, q. v. Beves of Hamtouny p. 107.
DORBELISH. Very qlumsy. Line. (2) To deafen. Somerset.
DOJICAS. Benevolent societies which furnish DORREL. A pollard. Warn.
poor with clothing gratuitously or at a cheap DQRR&R. A sleeper ; a lazy person.
rate. Hence, perhaps, dor eased, finely decked DORRY, Sowpes dorry, sops endorsed, or sea-
*ut. Line. See Acts, ix, 36. soned. Forme of Cury, p. 43.
 DOT 312 DOU
DORSEL. A pack-saddle, panniers in which DOTARD. Same as floated, q. v.
fish are earned on horseback. Sussex, Dor- DOTAUNCE. Fear; doubt; uncertainty. (A.-N.)
sers, fish-baskets, Ord. and Reg. p. 143. DOTE. A foolish fellow. (A.-S.) Also a
DORSERS. Hangings of various kinds ; tapes- verb, to be foolish in any way.
try. See Test. Vetust. p. 258 ; Rutland Papers, DOTED. Foolish ; simple. (A.-S.)
p. 7. (A.-N. DOTE-FIG. A fig. Devon. See Junius. " A
Beryn, 101. dorsal) " Docers of highe pryse," topet of fygge dodes," Howard Household
DORSTODE. A door-post. (A.-S.) Books, p. 351.
DORTED. Stupified. Cumo. DOTES. Endowments ; good qualities. (Lett.)
DORTH. Through. RUson. DOTH. Do ye. (A.-S.)
DORTOUR. A dormitory, or sleeping room. DOTHER. To totter, or tremble. North.
The duk dotered to the ground.
(A.-N.) " Slepe as monke in his dortoure," Sir Degrevant, 1109.
Langtoft, p. 256. The part of a monastery DOTONE. To dote ; to be foolish. Pr. Parv.
which contained the sleeping rooms was the
DOTOUS. Doubtful. (A.-N.)
dorter or dortoir, Davies, p. 133. " The dor- DOTS. Gingerbread nuts. East.
tor staires," Pierce Penilesse, p. 51. DOTTEL. Same as Doselle, q. v.
DORTY. Saucy; nice. Northumb.
DORY. A drone bee. Philpoi. DOTTEREL. A bird said to be so foolishly fond
DOS. (1) A master. North. of imitation as to be easily caught. Hence a
(2) Joshua. Yorlcsh. stupid fellow, an old doatirig fool, a sense
still current in Craven.
DOSAYN. A dozen. Kyng Alls. 657. Wherefore, good reader, that I save them may,
DOSE. ThenDoes.durst North.'I sweve the: shuld abye, I now with them the very duttril play.
That dose oure kynge that vilanye.
A Book for Boys and Girls, 1686.
MS. Cfintab. Ff. v. 48, f. 48. DOTTYPOLES. See Dodipoll.
DOSEBEIRDE. A simpleton; a fool. See DOUBLE. (1) To shut up anything; to clench
Chester Plays, ii. 34, and Dasiberde, the latter the fissts. Far. dial.
form occurring in the Medulla. Dossiberde, (2) To make double ; to fold up.
ib. i. 201 ; dosciaeirde, 1 204. (3) A hare is said to double, when she winds
DOSEL, See Parsers. about in plain fields to deceive the hounds.
DOSELLE. The faucet of a barrel. (A.-N.) (4)See A kind of stone formerly used in building.
Willis, p. 25.
11 Caste awei the dosils" R. Glouc. p. 542.
And when he had made holes so fele, (5) The play double or quit, i. e. to win a double
And stoppyd every oon of them -with a doseU/i. sum, or lose nothing.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 139. (6) To make a duplicate of any writing. To
DOSENED. Cold ; benumbed. Nor Hi. double, to vary in telling a tale twice over.
DOSENS. Straight clothes manufactured in (7) A letter patent. CowelL
Devonshire, temp. Hen. V. DOUBLE-BEER. Strong beer, or ale. (Fr.)
DOSER. SeeDorsers. DOUBLE-CLOAK. A cloak which might be
DOSION. Same as dashin, q. v. worn on either side, adapted for disguises.
DOSK. Dark; dusky. Craven. DOUBLE-COAL. A carboniferous measure of
POSNELL. Stupid ; clownish. Howell. coal, frequently five feet thick.
DOSOME. Healthy ; thriving. North. DOUBLE-COUPLE. Twin lambs. East.
DOSS, (1) A hassock. East. DOUBLER. A large dish, plate, or bowl.
(2) To attack with the horns. East. North. See Pr. Parv. pp. 70, 124.
(3) To sit down rudely. Kent. DOUBLE-READER. A member of an Inn of
DOSSAL. A rich ornamented cloak worn by Court whose turn it was to read a second time.
persons of high rank. (A.-N.) Jonson, vi. 81.
POSSEL. A wisp of hay or straw to stop up an DOUBLE-RIBBED. Pregnant. North.
aperture in a barn; a plug; the rose at the DOUBLE-RUFF. A game at cards.
end of a water-pipe. North. Perhaps from DOUBLE-SPRONGED. When potatoes lie in
doselle, q, v. the ground till the new crop shoots out fresh
DOSSER. A pannier, or basket. bulbs, they are said to be doiible-xproiiged.
He fell to discoursing within an odde manner of DOUBLET. (1) A military garment covering
love making, when beginning very low, marking the upper part of the body from the neck to
her new shod feet hanging over her dossers, beganne the waist. The pourpoinfe in Caxton.
wiih this commendation. Pasquit's Jest*, 1029 (2) A false jewel or stone consisting of two
DOSSERS. A motion of the head in children,
caused by affections of the brain. East. pieces join'ed together.
DOUBLE-TOM. A double-breasted plough.
.DOSSET, A small quantity. Kent, East.
DOSSITY, Ability ; quickness. West, DOUBLE-TONGUE. The herb horsetongue.
POSTER. A daughter. Pr. Parv. DOUBLETS. A game somewhat similar to
DOSY. Dizzy, or giddy. (A.-N.) backgammon, but less complicated. See Cot-
DOT. A small lump, or pat. Palsgrave, grave, in v. Renette; R. Fletcher's Poems, p.
-DOTANCE. Fear; reverence. (A.-N.) 129 ; Taylor's Motto, 1622, sig. D. iv.
DOTANT, A. dotard, Sha*. DOUBTSOME. Doubtful; uncertain.
 DOU 313 BOW
DOUCE. (1) Sweet ; pleasant. (A.-N.) (2) To dower, or endow. (A.-N.)
He drawes into douce Fraunce, as Duchemen tellez. DOUSE. See Douce.
Morte Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f. G6. DOUSHER. An inconsiderate person ; one who
(2) A blow. Var. dial. Also a verb. A pat in is inclined to run all hazards quite careless of
the face, Tusser, p. xxii. the consequences ; a madman. Line.
(3) Snug ; comfortable. North. DOUSSING. The weasel. (Lot.)
(4) Sober ; prudent. North. DOU ST. Dust, powder. West. " Grinde it
(5) Chaff. Devon. all to doust" Forme of Cury, p. 28,
(6) To duck in water. Craven. DOUT. To do out ; to put out ; to extinguish.
m To put out, as clout, q. v. Doutedj dead. Var. dial.
(8) The back of the hand. Line. DOUTABLE, In uncertainty, or peril. (A.-N.)
DOUCE-AME. See Ame (a). DOUTANCE. Doubt ; fear. (A.-N.)
DOUCET. (1) Sweet. (A.-N.) DOUTE. Fear. Also a verb.
Fie delicat metes and doucet drinkes, al the while I am a marchant and ride aboute,
thou art not syke. MS. Bodl. 423, f. 182. And fele sithis I am in dowte.
(2) A small custard or pasty. See Ord. and Keg. MS- Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f, 47.
pp. 174, 178 ; Rutland Papers, p. 125. "A
lytell flawne," Palsgrave. DOUTELES.
DOUTEOUSE. "Without
Fearful. doubt.
(A.-N.)(A.-N.)
(3) Some musical instrument. See Tyrwhitt's D OUTER. An extinguisher. Douters, instru-
Gloss, to Chaucer, p. 69. The dulcimer, ac- ments like snuffers for extinguishing the can-
cording to Skinner. dle without cutting the wick; the snuffers
DOUCET-PIE. A sweet-herb pie. Devon. themselves. Dowtes, extinguishers, Cunning-
DOUCETS. The testes of a deer.
DOUCH. To bathe. Somerset. ham's Revels Accounts, pp. 58, 160.
DOUTHE. (1) Doubt. (A.-N.)
DOUCKER. A didapper. Kennett. " Dou- (2) Was worth, was sufficient, availed. From
kere,j0foM«;0im," Reliq. Antiq. ii. 83. A.-S. Dugan. See Havelok.
DOUDY. Shabbily dressed, far. dial.
DOU FEE. A dove. Lydgate. (3) People ; nobles. Gawayne.
DOUTIF. Mistrustful. (A.-N.)
DOUGH. (1) Though. Ritson. The kyiige was doutifnt this dom.
(2) A little cake. North. Goirei; MS. Sue. Antiq. 134, f. 190.
(3) The stomach. Salop. DOUTLER. Same as doubter, q. v.
DOUGH-BAKED. Imperfectly baked. HenceDOUTOUS. Doubtful. Chaucer.
of weak or dull understanding.
DOUGH-CAKE. An idiot. Devon. DOUTREMERE. From beyond the sea. " In
DOUGH-COCK. A fool. See Daw-cock. fine blacke sattiu doutremere," Urry, p. 405.
DOUVE. To sink ; to lower. North.
DOUGH-FIG. A Turkey fig. Somerset. DOUWED. Gave; endowed. Hearne.
DOUGH-LEAVEN. A lump of leaven prepared
DOUZZY. Dull; stupid. Chesh.
for making leavened bread. West. DOU3TILI. Bravely. (A.-S.)
DOUGHT. To do aught, to be able to do any-DOVANE. A custom-house. (Fr
thing. Trifstrem. DOVE. To thaw. Exmoor.
DOUGHTER. A daughter. (A.-S.) DOVEN. Or dovening, a slumber. North.
DOUGHTIER. More doughty. (A.-S.)
(A.-S.') DOVER. (1) A sandy piece of waste ground
DOUGHTREN. Daughters. near the sea. South.
DOUGH-UP. To stick, or adhere. East.
DOUGHY. Foolish. Derby. (2) To be in a dose. North.
DOUGLE. To wash thoroughly. Yorlcsh, DOVERCOURT. A village in Essex, apparently
DOUHTERN. Daughters. Leg. Cath. p. 126. celebrated for its scolds. Keeping Dovercourt,
DOUHTY. Stout ; strong ; brave. (A.-S.) making a great noise. Tusser, p. 12, men-
DOUK. To stoop the head ; to bow ; to dive or tions aDovercourt beetle, i. e. one that could
make a loud noise.
bathe ; a dip. North.
DOUKY. Damp ; wet ; moist. North. DOVER'S-GAMES. Annual sports held on the
Cotswold hills from time immemorial. They
DOUL. (1) Down ; feathers. Salop. " Young had fallen in vigour about 1600, but were re-
dowl of the beard," Howell, sect. i. vived shortly after that period by Captain
(2) A nail sharpened at each end; a wooden pin
or plug to fasten planks with. Dover. The hill where the games are cele-
DOULE. Thick; dense. (A.-N.) brated isstill called Dover's Hill.
As in the -woddis for to walke undir doule schadis. DOVE'S-EOOT. The herb columbine.
MS. Mhmole 44, f. 75.
DOUNDRINS. Afternoon drinkings. Deri. DOW. (1) To mend in health ; to thrive. " Pro-
ver&ium apud Anglos Boreales, he'll never
DOUNESTIYHE. To go down. (A.-S.) dow egg
POUNS. A foolish person ; an idle girl. North. Dial. p. 83.nor bird/' Upton MS. and Yorksh.
DOUN3. Down. R. Glouc. p. 208. (2) A dove, or pigeon. Var. dial. See Rutland
DO-UP. To fasten. Var. dial
DOUP. The .buttocks. North. Papers, p. 10 ;a Skelton's "Works, i. 157. " Co-
lumoa,Anglice dowe," MS . Bib. Reg. 12 B, i. f.9.
DOUR. Sour looking ; sullen. North.
DOURE. (1) To endure. See Gy of Warwike, (4) (3) A little cake. North.
Good. Westmorel.
p. 210 ; Arthour and Merlin, p. 359. (5) Thou, Octovian, 836.
 DOW DOZ
314
DOWAIRE. A dower. (A.-N.) DOWN-ALONG. (1) Downwards. West.
DO-WAY. Cease. (2) A little hill. Devon.
Do way, quod Adam, let be that, DOWNARG. To contradict ; to argue in a po-
Be God I wolde not for my hat sitive overbearing manner. West.
Be takyn with sich a gyle. DOWN-BOUT. A tough battle. East. Also,
MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 49. a hard set-to, as of drinking.
DOWAYN. " A mantel of Dowayn/' a mantel DOWNCOME. (1) A depression, or downfall, as
from Douay, a Flemish mantle. a fall of rain ; a fall in the market, &c.
DOWBALL. A turnip. Line. (2) A piece of luck. North.
DOWBILNYS. Insincerity. DOWNDAISHOUS. Audacious. Dorset.
Butt feynyd drede and dowWnys DOWNDAP. To dive down. Devon.
MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, £.45. DOWN-DINNER. See Doundrins.
DOWBLET. Same as doubter, q. v. DOWN-DONE. Too much cooked. Line.
Clippe hem with a peyre sherys on smale pecis DOWNS. Done. Weber.
into a. faire basyne, and thanne do hem into a glasse DOWNFALL. A fall of hail, rain, or snow.
pot that men clepene a doublet. MS. Bright, f. 4. Var, dial.
DOWBOY. A hard dumpling. East. DOWNFALLY. Out of repair. East.
DOWCE-EGYR. An ancient dish in caokery DOW'NGATE. A fall, or descent. (A.-S.)
mentioned in Prompt. Parv. p. 129. DOWNGENE. Beaten ; chastised. (A.-S.)
DOWCER. A sugar-plum. West. 3onge chililir that in the scole leris, of thay
DOWD. (1) Flat ; dead ; spiritless. Lane. praye to God that thay be noghte downgene, God
heris thame noghte, for if thay were noghte dmtn-
(2) A night-cap. Devon.
DOWE. 0 ) Day. Don of (Lowe, killed. gens thay wolde noghte lere.
MS. Lincoln A. I 17, f. 237.
(2) Dough for bread. Pr. Parv.
DOWEL. See Doul. DOWN-HEARKEN. See Downarg.
DOWELS. Low marshes. Kent. DOWNHEARTED. Sad; melancholy, far.
DOWEN. To give ; to endow. (A.-N.) dial.
DOWER. A rabbit's burrow. Pr. Parv. DOWN-HOUSE. The back-kitchen. North.
DOWF. A dove. DOWNLYING. A lying in, Var. dial.
And on the temple of doicfs whyte and fayre DOWNO-CANNOT. When one has power, but
Saw I sittemapy a honclved payre. wants the will to do anything. Cumb.
MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 26. DOWN-PINS. Persons quite drunk. East.
Azdowfes eje hirloke is swete, DOWN-POUR. A very heavy rain. North.
Rose on thorn to hir unmete. DOWN-SELLA. The donzella, an old dance
Cursor Mundi, MS, Coll, Trin. Cantab, f. KB, described in Shak. Soc. Pap. i. 27.
DOW-HOUSE. A dove-cote. East. DOWN-SITTING. A comfortable settlement,
DOWH3. Dough ; paste. Pegge. especially in marriage. North.
DOWJE. Worn out with grief. North. DOWNY. Low-spirited. East.
DOWING. Healthful. Lane. DOWP. The carrion crow. North.
DO-W1THALL. I cannot do withall, i. e. I DOWPAR. The dabchick. Pr. Parv.
cannot help it. This phrase is not uncom- DOWPY. The smallest and last-hatched of a
mon in early writers. " If he beare displea- breed of birds. North.
sure agaynst me, I can nat do withall" Pals- DOWRYBBE. An instrument used for scraping
grave, 1530. and cleansing the kneading trough. Also
DOWKE. To hang down ; to fall untidily or spelt dowrys. See Pr. Parv. p. 129.
slovenly, as hair, ribands, &c. Also as douJc, DOWSE. (1) A doxy ; a strumpet.
q. v. See Thynne, p. 78. (2) Same as Douce, q. T.
DOWL. The devil Exmoor.
(3) To rain heavily. North.
DOWLAS. Coarse linen, imported from Brit- (4) To beat or thrash. Var. dial
tany, and chiefly worn by the lower classes. DOWT. A ditch, or drain. Line.
DOWLD. Dead; flat. Yorteh.
DOWTTOUSE. Brave ; doughty. « A dowt-
DOWLER. A coarse dumpling. East.
touse derfe dede," Morte Arthure, MS. Line.
DOWLY. (1) Melancholy ; lonely. North. DOWVE. A dove. (A.-S.)
(2) Dingy ; colourless. North. 3e, 'he seyde, y saghe a syghte
(3) Grievous ; doleful ; bad. JorJcsh. Yn the lykenes of a dowues flyghte-
DOWM. Dumb. (A.-S.) #& Hart. 1701, f. 2.
DOWMPE. Dumb. Tundale, p, 49.
DOXY. A mistress ; a strumpet. -" A woman
DOWN. (1) A company of hares.
f 2) To knock down ; to fall. North. beggar, a doxie" Cotgrave. A sweetheart, in
an innocent sense. North. Also, a vixen.
(3) Sickly ; poorly. Craven. DOYLE. Asquint. Glouc.
(4) Disconsolate ; cast down. As the phrase, DOYSE. Dost. Towneley Mijst.
down in the mouth. DOYT. Doth. Jtitson.
(5) A Ml. (^.-£) DOYTCH-BACKS. Fences. North.
(6) Down of an eye, having one eye nearly blind. DOZEN. To slumber. Do8enedt&zmdt4]px&'
North. less, impotent, withered.
(7) A bank of sand. (A.-N.) DOZENS. Devonshire kersies.
 315 DEA
DRA
DOZEPERS. Noblemen; the Douze-Pairs of (6) A dung-fork. North.
France. Dosyper, Octovian, 923. (7) A raft. Blount.
As Charles stod by chance at conseil with his feris, (8) To drawl in speaking. West.
Whiche that were ofFraunce his 05011 dozepers. DRAGANS. The herb serpentine. It is men-
MS.Ashmole 33, f. 3.
tioned inMS. Line. Med. f. 290. Dragonce,
A.S Charles was in his grevance.stondyng among his Reliq. Antiq. i. 301.
feres,
And coumailede with the grete of Fraunce and
DRAGE. A kind of spice. (A.-N.)
with ys doththe peres. A/5. Jbid. DRAGEE. A small comfit. (A.-N.) " A dra-
DOZZINS. Corn shaken out in carrying hotne gee of the yolkes of harde eyren," Ord. and
the sheaves. North. Possibly from A.-N. Reg. p. 454. MS. " A Line.
gude Med.
dragy f.for
douzin. the bleddir," 300.gravelle in'
DRAGEME. A drachm. Arch. xxx. 406.
DOZZLE. A small quantity. Var. dial
DOZZLED. Stupid; heavy. East. DRAGENALL. A vessel for dragees or small
D03HTREN. Daughters. Rob. Glouc. comfits. See Test. Vetust. p. 92.
DRAGGE. Same as dragee, q. v.
D03-TR03- A dough-trough. (A.-S.) DRAGGING-TIME. The evening of a fair-day,
D03TUR. A daughter. (A.-S.} when the wenches are pulled about. East,
He that be my do^turlay,
I tolde the of hym ^isturday, DRAGGLE-TAIL. A slut. « A dunghill queane,
I wolde he were in helle. a dragletaile," Florio, p. 100. See Cotgrave;
MS, Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. S3. in v. Chaperonnieze ; Withals' Dictionaries
DRAANT. A drawl. Suffolk. 1608, p. 45.
DRAB. (1) To follow loose women. " Dyeing, DRAGHT. (1) A pawn. (A.-N.}
With a draght he was chekmate.
drinking, and drabbing," Dekker's Knight's JUS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 241.
Conjuring, p. 28. From the subst.
(2) A small debt. North. (2) A kind of small cart.
The whiche of custummable use conneth bere
(3) To drub ; to beat. Kent.
the yren dike, and delve diches, bere and dra^e
DRAB-AND-NORR. A game very similar to draghtes and berthennes. JlfS. Douce 291, f. 7,
trippit and coit. See Brockett.
DRABBLE. To draggle in the mire. Var. (3) Result ; consequence. (A.-N.)
dial See Pr. Parv. pp. 129, 283. DRAGON. A species of carbine.
DRABBLB-TAIL. A slattern, one who has the DRAGONS-FEMALE. Water-dragons. Gerard.
DRAIL. A toothed iron projecting from the
bottom of her gown
DRACKSTOOL. The dirtied.
threshold. / 'ar. dial
Devon. beam of a plough for hitching the horses to.
DRAD. Feared ; dreaded ; afraid. (A.-S.) West.
DRADE. Drew. Devon. No doubt an error DRAINS. Grains from the mash-tub. East.
for trade in Rom. of the Rose, 4200. DRAINTED. Ingrained. Wilts.
DRAIT. A team of horses. North.
DR^ED. Thread. Devon. (A.-S.)
DRAITING. Drawling. Derbyshire.
DRAF. Dregs ; dirt ; refuse ; brewers' grains ;
anything thrown away as unfit for man's food. DRAKE. (1) A dragon. (A.-S.) Hence a small
(A.-S.) " Draife of grapes," Gesta Rom. p. 414. piece of artillery so called, as in Lister's Auto-
Tak the rute of playntayn with the sede, and biography, p. 15.
stampe thame with staleworthe vynagre, and drynk (2) A kind of curl, when the ends of the hair
the jewse, and enplaster the drafe apone the naville. only turn up, and all the rest hangs smooth,
MS. Line. Med. f. 295. To shoot a drake, to fillip the nose,
DRAFFIT. A tub for hog-wash. West. (3) The darnel grass. East.
DRAFFY. Coarse and bad. fromdraf. "Some DRAKES. A slop ; a mess ; a jakes. West,
DRALE. To drawl. North.
drunken drouzie drqffiedwrtie dounghill stile," DRAME. A dream. Chaucer.
Pil to Purge Melancholic, n. d.
DRAF-S AK. A sack full of draf. Hence often DRAMMOCK. A mixture of oatmeal and cold
water. North.
used as a term of contempt. " With his moste
vyle draff esacke or puddynge bealy," Pals- DRANE. A drone. (A.-S.}
DRANG. A narrow path, or lane. West.
grave's Acolastus, 1540. " DrafFe sacked DRANGOLL. A kind of wine.
ruffians," Hall, Henry VII. f. 43.
DRAFT. Same as Catch (1). Pyng, drangoll, and the braget fyne.
DRAFTY. Of no value. From draf. MS, RawL C. 86.
DRAG. (1) A skid-pan. Var. dial. DRANK. The darnel grass. North. Trans-
lated by betel in Reliq. Antiq. ii. 80, and spelt
(2)Dictionarie,
A malkin for1608, an oven.
p. 172. North. See Withals' drauck. See Pr. Parv. p. 130.
DRANT. (1) The herb rocket. It is the trans-
(3)stiff
A heavy
land. harrow used for "breaking clods in
Var. dial. lation of eruca in MS. Lansd. 560, f. 45,
(4) An instrument for moving timber, drawing written in Lancashire.
up stones, or heavy weights, &c. (2) A drawling tone. Suffolk.
(5) A fence placed across running water, con- DRAP-DE-LAYNE. Woollen cloth. A~N.)
sisting ofa kind of hurdle which swings on DRAPE. Jv barren -cow or ewe. Drape sheepi
hinges, fastened to a horizontal pole. West. the refuse sheep of a flock, North.
 316 DEE
DRAPERY. Carving or painting made to re- (3) To remove the dishes, &c. off the table, after
semble cloth, or foliage. dinner is finished.
DRAPET. A table-cloth. Spenser. The kyng spake not oon worde
DRAPLYD. Dirtied ; bedrabbled. Pr. Parv. Tylle men had etyn and drawen the borde.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 81.
DRAPS. Unripe fruit when fallen. East.
DRASH. To thresh. Somerset. DRAWER. The tapster, or waiter. See R.
DRASHEL. A threshold. Also, a flail West. Fletcher's Poems, 1656, p. 193.
DRASHER. A thresher. Somerset. DRAW-GERE. Any furniture, of cart-horses
for drawing a waggon. Kennett.
DRASTES. Dregs ; refuse ; lees of wine. (A.-S.) DRAW-GLOVES. A game played by holding
See Gesta Rom. pp. 346, 413. " Refuse or up the fingers representing words by their
lees of wine, or of humor," Batman uppon
Bartholome, 1582. different positions, as we say talking with the
DRAT. (1) A moderated imprecation. Var. dial. fingers. It corresponds to the micare digitis,
(2) Dreadeth. See Gy of Warwike, p. 81 ; Piers Elyot, 1559.
Ploughman, pp. 165, 523. DRAWING. A drawing-match, or a trial of
DRATCHEL. A slattern. Warw. strength with cart-horses in drawing carts
DRATE. To drawl. North. heavily loaded ; a practice formerly common
DRATTLE. An oath, perhaps a corruption of in Suffolk.
throttle, far. dial DRAWING-AWAY. Dying. Craven.
DRAUGHT. (1) A Jakes. " Oletum, a draught DRAWING-BOXES. Drawers. Unton, p. 10.
or jakes," Elyot, 1559. See D'Ewes, ii. 127. DRAWK. (1) A weed very similar to the dar-
A spider's
(2)entrap web. Metaphorical ly, a snare to nel grass. East.
any one. (2) To saturate with water. North.
(3) A kind of hound. Florio, p. 67. DRAWLATCH. A thief. Literally, a house-
(4) A team of horse or oxen. North. breaker. The word long continued a term of
(5) Sixty-one pounds weight of wool. contempt, as in Hoffman, 1631, sig. G. i. It
DRAUGHT-CHAMBER. A withdrawing room. is still applied to an idle fellow.
DRAUGHTS. A pair of forceps used for ex- DRAWT. The throat, Somerset.
tracting teeth. DRAW-TO. To come to ; to amount up. West.
DRAUN, To draw on ; to approach to. (^.~£)
DRAUP. To drawl in speaking. North. DRAY. (1) A squirrel's nest. Blome.
DRAU3TE. (1) A pawn, See Draght. (2)like
A great noise. (A.-N,~) Also a verb, to act
a madman.
And for that amonge draujtes cchone, For he was gaye and amorouse,
That unto the ches apertene tnay. And made so mekille draye.
Qccleve, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 2S3. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 134.

(2) Impetus ; moving force, (A.-S.} Haldyst them forward ? e certys, nay,
DRAVELED. Slumbered fitfully. Gawayne. Whan thou makebt swyche a ciia//.
MS.Harl. 1701, f. SI.
DRATY. Thick; muddy. North.
DRAW. (I) To draw together, to assemble; to (3) A sledge without wheels. West. " Dray or
draw one's purse, to pull it out. sleade whych goeth without wheles, traha,"
(2) A hollow tuck in a cap. Line. Huloet's Abe. 1552.
(3). To strain. Forme of Cury, p. 11. DRAYNE. Drawn. (.//.-£)
(4) To seek for a fox. Twici, p. 23. Drawn Hastely he hathe hem of di'ayne,
fox, metaphorically a very cunning man. And therin hymselfe dight.
MS. Harl. 2252, f. 100
(5) To take cattle out of pasture land, that the
grass may grow for hay. West. DRAZEL. A dirty slut. Sussex. The term
occurs in Hudibras and Kennett. Sometimes
(1} throw ; toJ'ar.
A drawer.
(6) To dial.anything. West.
stretch called drazel-drozzle.
(8) To build a nest ; an old hawking term, given DRA3T. A draw-bridge, Gawayne.
by Berners. DREAD. Thread. Exmoor.
(9) A term in archery, expressing the length an DREADFUL. (1) Very much. Devon,
arrow will fly from a bow. (2) Fearful ; timorous. Skdton.
(10) To draw a furrow, to plough. East. DREAM. To be glad. (A.-S.) Also, to sing,
(11) To draw amiss, to follow the scent in a a meaning that has been overlooked.
wrong direction. Blome. To draw is a gene- DREAM-HOLES. Openings left in the walls of
ral term in hunting for following a track or buildings to admit light, Glouc.
scent. DREAN. (1) A small stream. (A.-S.}
(12) A kind of sledge. West. (2) To drawl in speaking. Somerset.
(13) To remove the entrails of a bird. Far. dial. DREAP. To drench. Also, to drawl. North.
(14) A stratagem or artifice. Sussex. DREARING. Sorrow. Spenser.
DRAWBREECH. A slattern. Devon. DREARISOME. Very dreary. North.
DRAWE. (1) A throw, time, or space. (A.-S.) DREATEN. To threaten. West.
Hence, sometimes, to delay. DRECCHE. (I) To vex; to oppress. G4.-&)
(2) To quarter after execution. " Hang and Whereof the blynde world he dreccheth*
drawe," a common phrase. Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq, 134, f, 42,
 317 DRE
DRE
Oft thai drechen men in thaire slepe, DREGGY. Full of dregs. (A.-S.)
And makes thaim fullc bare ; DREGH. Suffered. Weber, iii. 103. Dregfa,
And oft thai ligyn opotie menue, as dree, Morte Arthure, Lincoln MS.
That many calles the nyjt-marc. DREGHE. (1) On dreghe, at a distance.
MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 81.
Thane the dragone on dreghe dressede hym ajaynoz.
(2) To linger ; to delay. Morte Arthure, MS. Lincoln, f. 61.
For drede of the derke n>ghte thay drecchede a lyttille.
Morte Afth ui-e, MS, Lincoln, f. 6'1.
(2) Long. Also, length. " Alle the dreghe of
Then make y other taryngys the daye," MS. Morte Arthure.
To drecche forthe the long day, The kynge was lokyd in a felde
For me ys lothe to part away. By a ryver 'brode and dreghe.
MS. Harl. 2252, f. 11&
Goicer, MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 4.
DREGISTER. A druggist. Suffolk.
(3) A sorrowful thing.
Ye schall see a
(A.-S.)
wondur drechc, DREINT. Drowned (A.-S.)
Whan my son? wole me fecche. And sodeyneliche he was outthrowe,
JUS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 33. And draynt, and tho bigan to bio we
DRECEN. To threaten. North. A wynde mevable fro the londe.
Cfower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 68.
DRECK-STOOL. A door-sill. Devon.
DREDAND. Afraid ; terrified. (A.-S.) DREMEL. A dream. (A.-S.)
DREDE. Fear ; doubt. Also, to fear. (A.-S.) DREME-REDARE. An expounder of dreams.
Withouten drede, without doubt. (A.-S.}
DREDEFUL. Timorous. (A.-S.) DREMES. Jewels. (Dut)
DREDELES. "Without doubt. Chaucer. DRENCH. A drink, or potion. Ritson,ii. 139.
Do dresse we therefore, and byde we no langere, Still in use. See Moor, p. 113. It also oc-
Fore dredlesse withowttyne dowtte the daye schalle curs in Florio, p. 60.
be ourez. Mwtv Arthuref MS. Lincoln, f. 7^- DRENCHE. To drown ; to be drowned. (A.-S.)
DREDEN. To make afraid. (A.-S.) Drenched, Leg. Cathol. p. 18. Hence, some-
DREDFULLY. Fearfully ; terrified. (A.-S.) times, to destroy.
DREDGE. (1) Oats and barley sown together. DRENCHING-HORN. A horn for pouring
Spelt dragge in Pr. Parv. p. 130.
(2) A bush-harrow. South. physic down
DRENG. Drink.an animal's
Audelay,throat.
p. 18.
DREDGE-BOX. The flour-dredger. Var. dial DRENGE. To drag. Hearne.
DREDGE-MALT. Malt made of oats mixed DRENGES. A class of men who held a rank
with barley malt. Kennett, MS. Lansd. between the baron and thayn. Haveloh, The
DREDGER. A small tin box used for holding ordinary interpretation would be soldiers.
flour. South. DRENGY. Thick; muddy. North.
DREDINGFUL. Full of dread. (A.-S.) DRENKLED. Drowned. Langtoft, p. 170.
DREDRE. Dread; fear. (A.-S.) DUE NT. Same as dreint, q. v.
DREDY. Reverent. WicUiffe. DREPE. (1) To drip, or dribble. East. To
DREE. (1) To suffer ; to endure. (A.-S.) Still drop or fall, Cov. Myst. p. 170.
used in the North.
Anone to the ale thei wylle go, (2) To kill, or slay. (A.-S.)
DREPEE. A dish in old cookery, composed
And drinke ther whyle thei may dre.
MS. MhmoU 61. chiefly of almonds and onions.
journey to a place. North. DRERE. Sorrow. Spenser. " And dreri we-
(2) To ren," were sorrowful, Leg. Cath. p. 7. Drery,
(3) Long ; tedious ; wearisome. North. Sir Isumbras, 63, 89.
(4) A hard bargainer. YorJcsJi. DRERILY. Sorrowfully. (A.-S.)
(5) A cart without wheels drawn by one horse. He dresses hym. drerily, and to the duke rydes.
North. Now out of use. Morte Arthure, MS. Lincoln, f. 84.
(6) Three. Somerset. DRERIMENT. Sorrow. Spenser.
(7) Continuously ; steadily. Line. DRERINESSE. Affliction. (A.-S.)
DREED. The Lord. (A.-S.) DRERYHEAD. Grief; sorrow. Spenser.
DREEDF UL. Reverenti al. (A.-S.) DRESH. To thrash. Var. dial.
DREELY. Slowly ; tediously. North. We have DRESHFOLD. A threshold. Chaucer.
dreghely in the MS. Morte Arthure. It there DRESS. To set about; to prepare; to clean
probably means continuously, as drely in anything, or cleanse it from refuse ; to adorn ;
Towneley Myst. p. 90. to harness a horse ; to renovate an old gar-
DREEN. To drain dry. Suffolk.
DREF. Drove. Hearne. mentto
; set anything upright, or put it in its
DREFENE. Driven ; concluded. proper place ; to cultivate land ; to go ; to
And whenne his dredefulle drem whas drefene to the rise ; to treat ; to place ; to set.
ende, DRESSE. To address; to direct; to prepare;
The kynge dares forMortedowte dye as he scholde. apply. Dress4, prepared, armed, Degrevant,
Arthure, MS. Lincoln, f. 87. 1217. See Leg. Cathol. p. 40 ; Minot, p. 1 ;
PREFULLY. Sorrowfully. (A.-S.) Maundevile, p. 306; Cov. Myst. p. 217-
And seyd with herte ful drefulfy, And Salome* devoutely gan hire dresse
Lorde, Ihow have on me mercy. Towarde the chylde, and on hire kneis falle:
MS, Hart, 1701, f 77- Lytigate, MS. Soc. dntiq. 134, f. II.
 DRI 3 k» DHI
DRESSEL. A cottage dresser. West. DRIDLE. An instrument used for
DRESSER. An axe used in coal-pits. bowls or wooden cups.
DRESSING-BOARD. A dresser. Pr. Parv. DRIE. To suffer ; to endure. (A.~S.)
DRESSING-KNIFE. A tool used in husbandry Ne the peyne that the prest shal drye*
That haunteth that synne MS.
of leccherye.
Harl, 1701, f. 54.
for rounding borders, &e. North. It occurs
He smote as faste as he myght drye,
in Pr. Parv, apparently meaning a cook's
knife, one for chopping anything on a dresser. The elvysch kny3t on the helme so hye.
Dressyngcnyvus, Reliq. Antiq. i. 86. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii.38, f. 222.
DRESTALL. " A scarecrow. Devon. DRIED-DC/\VN. Thoroughly dried. See Har-
DRESTE. To prepare. (A.-N.) rison's Descr. of England, p. 169.
I rede yow dreste the therfore, and drawe no lytte DRIEN. To be dry, thirsty. (A.-S.)
langere. ' Morte Anhure* MS. Lincoln, f. 59. DRIFE. To drive ; to approach. (A.-S.)
DRESTIS. Dregs; lees. (A.-S.) Into my cart-hows thei me dryfe,
DRESTY. Full of dregs. (A.-S.) Out at the dur thei put my wyfe.
DRETCHE. Same as drecche, q. v. It also MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 48.
means to dream or to be disturbed by dreams. Thus to dethe ye can hym dryfe.
MS. Cantab, Ff. ii. 38, f. 47.
And preyed hyr feyre, and gan to saine,
That sohe no longere wolde dretche. DRIFLE. To drink deeply. North.
Gower, MS. Bib. PubL Cantab. DRIFT. (1) A drove of sheep. North. Some-
DRETCHING. Delay. ((A.-S.) Dretchijnge, times, aflock of birds, &c.
trouble, vexation, Morte d' Arthur, ii. 452. (2) A kind of coarse sleeve, generally made of
DREUL. A lazy fellow. Also, to fritter away silk. HowelL
one's time. Devon. (3) A diarrhoea. Somerset.
DREULER. A driveller; a fool. Devon. (4) A green lane. Leic.
DREURY. Love ; friendship. (A.-N.) (5) Road-sand. Glouc.
There is nevere wynter in that cuntre •, (6) Drift of the forest is an exact view or exa-
There is al mauer dreury and rychesse mination what cattle are in the forest, to know
MS. Addit. 11305, f. 106.
whether it be overcharged, &c. Blount.
DREVE. To pursue ; to keep up. West. DRIFTER. A sheep that is overlaid in a drift
So long they had ther way dreve, of snow. North.
- Tyll they come upon the downe.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 115. DRIFTES. Dregs. Ord. and Reg. p. 471.
DUEVEDE. Confounded. Gawayne. DRIGGLE-DRAGGLE. A great slut ; sluttish.
DREVELEN. To drivel. (A.-S.) See Florio, pp. 72, 100, 612.
DREVIL. A drudge ; a low fellow ; a servant. DRIGH. Long ; tedious. Also, to suffer. See
DREVY. Dirty; muddy. North. dree, and Gy of Warwike, p. 444.
DREW. Threw. Weber. DRIGHT. The Lord. (A.-S.)
DREWE. Love ; friendship. (A.-N.) DRIGHTUPS. A boy's breeches. North.
DREWRIES. Jewels ; ornaments. Ritson. DRIHE. To endure. (A.-S.)
For as me thenketh, I myght drihe
DREWS ENS. Dregs ; refuse. Devon. Without slepe to waken ever,
DREWJE. Drew ; reached. So that I scholde noght dissever
Hys herd was both hlake and rowje, Fro hir in whom is al ray lyght.
And to hys gyrdell sted it drew$e. Gower, MS. Cantab. Ff. i.6, f.66.
MS. Aihmole 61.
DREYDE. Dried. Somerset. DRIKE. To abie or repent. (A.-S.)
And as he myjtehis clothis dreyde,
DRILING. Wasting time ; drawling. West.
That tie no more o worde he seyde. DRILL. (1) To decoy, or flatter. Devon.
Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 89. (2) To drill along, to slide away. Kent.
DREYFFE. To drive ; to follow. See the Frere (3) A large ape, or baboon. Blount.
and the Boy, st. 33. (4) To twirl, or whirl. Devon.
DRE3E, Same as Dree, q. v. (5) A small draught of liquor. Pr. Parv.
The foules flotered tho on heje, DRIMBLE. To loiter. Dorset.
And fel whenne thei myjt not dreg<?. DRIMMEL. To suffer pain. Somerset.
Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 12. DRINDLE. (1) To dawdle. Suffolk,
DRE3LY. Vigorously? Gawayne. (2) A small drain or channel. East.
DRIB. (1) To shoot at short paces. See Lilly's DRINGE. To drizzle with rain. East.
Sixe Court Comedies, ed. 1632, sig. R. ii. It DRINGETT. A press, or crowd. Devon.
is a technical term in archery. See Collier's DRINGING, Sparing; miserly. Devon.
Shakespeare, ii. 17. DRINGLE. To waste time ; to dawdle. West.
(2) A driblet, or small quantity. Sussex. DRINK. (1) Small beer. West.
(3) To chop ; to cut off. De/cker. (2) A draught of liquor. Var. dial. To get a
DRIBBLE. (1) A drudge ; a servant. North. drink, i. e. to drink.
(2\ An iron pin. A carpenter's term. } To absorb, or drink up. East.
(3) To drizzle, or rain slowly. West. [4) To abie, or suffer. Cotgrave.
DRIBLET. (5) To smoke tobacco. Jonson.
,Var. fiat. Anything very small: a child's tov.
DRINKELES. Without drink. (A.-S.) "Jtotlie
DKIDGE. To sprinkle. Lane.
drvnkles they dye," MS. Morte Art'inire.
 DRO 319
BRINKHAIL. Literally, drink health. (A.-S.) DRODDUM. The breech. North.
DRODE. Thrown. Somerset.
It was the pledge word corresponding to was-
saile. See Gloss, to R. Glouc, p. 696. Bera- DROFF. (1) Threw. Weber.
frynde, already noticed, belongs to the same '2) Dregs ; refuse. North.
class of words. It was the custom of our an- (3) Drove ; rushed ; passed. (A.-S.)
cestors to pledge each other with a variety of DROFMAN. A herdsman. (Lot.)
words of the like kind, and instances may be DROGHE. Drew ; retired ; brought.
Then was that mayde wo y-nogh,
seen in Hartshorne's
DRINKING. Met.between
A collation Tales, pp. 48, 308.
dinner and To hur ehaumbur shehur droghe*
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 100.
supper. See the French Alphabet, 1615, p.
DROGHTE. A drought. (A.-S.)
132 ; Welde's Janua Linguarum, 1615, p. 39. DROGMAN. An interpreter. (A^N.)
The term is now applied to a refreshment be- DROIE. A drudge, or servant. North. Stubbe
twixt meals taken by farm-labourers. has this word in his Anatomie of Abuses,
DRINKING-TOWEL. A doily for dessert.
DRINKLYN. To drench, or drown. Pr. Parv. 1595. See Malone's Shakespeare, xviii. 42;
DRINK-MEAT. Boiled ale thickened with oat- Tusser's Husbandry, p. 256.
DROIGHT. A team of horses. North.
meal and bread. Salop.
DRINK-PENNY. Earnest money. See Dr. DROIL. A drudge. North. "A knave; a
slave ; a droyle or drudge subject to stripes,"
Dee's Diary, p. 45. Drinking-money -, Florio, Nomenclator, p. 518. Also, the dirty work.
p. 64 ; Cotgrave, in v. Draguinage. DRO-IN. To strike. To dro-in sheaves, to
DRINKSHANKERE. A cup-bearer. (A.-S.) carry them together in parcels. South.
DRINKY. Drunk. Par. dial
DROITS. Rights ; dues. Kent.
DRIP. Anything that falls in drops ; petrefac- DROKE. A filmy weed very common in stand-
tions ; snow. North.
DRIPPER. A small shallow tub. West, ing water. Kent.
DROLL. To put off with excuses. East.
DRIPPING-HORSE. A wooden standing frame Playing the droll, making a fool of any one.
to hang wet clothes on. Far. dial. DROLLERY. A puppet-show. Sometimes, a
DRIPPINGS. The last milk afforded by a cow.
Salop. puppet. " A livingA drollery,"
DROMBESLADE. drummer. Shak.
DRIPPING-WET. Quite soaked. Far. dial DROMON. A vessel of war. (A.-N.) See
DRIPPLE. Weak; rare. Wore.
Kyng Alisaunder, 90; Arthour and Merlin,
DRIPPTE. Dropped. (A.-S.)
DRISH, A thrush. Devon. p. 5 ; Gy of Warwike, p. 94 ; Morte d? Arthur,
DRISS. To cleanse ; to beat. North. i. 137 ; Weber, iii. 397.
Dresses drortiuwndes and dragges, and drawene
DRISTER. A daughter. Craven. upe stonys. Morte Arthw e, MS. Lincoln, f. 91
DRITE. (1) Dirt; dung. (^.-£) A term of DROMOUNDAY. A war-horse. (A.-N.)
great contempt, as in Havelok, 682. DRONE. (1) A drum. Eliz. Yor*.
(2) To speak thickly and indistinctly. North.
No doubt connected with drotyne, q. v. DRONG. (1) A Nort
(2) To drawl. h. West.
narrow path. *
DRIVE. (1) To drizzle ; to snow. North. (2) Drank ; absorbed. (A<-S.}
(2) To procrastinate. Yorfoh. To drive off, a DRONING. (1) An affliction. (A.-S.}
very common phrase. (2) A lazy indolent mode of doing a thing.
(3) Impetus. Also, to propel. West. In early Brockett, p. 103. Hence may be explained
poetry, to advance very quickly* Jon son's phrase of droning a tobacco-pipe.
(4) To follow ; to suffer. (4.-S.) DRONKE. Drowned. (A.-S.)
(5) To drive forth, to pass on. To drive abroad, DRONKELEW. Drunken; given to drink.
to spread anything. To drfve adrift, to ac- (A.-S.) See Reliq. Antiq. i. 298 ; Pr. Parv.
complish any purpose. To drive pigs, to snore. p. 133 ; Piers Ploughman, p. 156.
DRIVE-KNOR. A bandy-ball. North. It is no schame of suche a tliewe,
DRIVEL* Same as dreoil, q. v. A 3onge man to be drutikelewe.
Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 177.
DRIVELARD. A low fellow ; a liar.
DRIWERIE. Friendship. (^.-JV.) DRONKEN. Drank, pi. (A.-S.) Also the
DRIZZLE. (1) A Scotch mist. Var. dial To part. past, as in Chaucer.
rain gently, to fall quietly. DRONKEN AND. Intoxicating. (A.-S.)
(2 ) A very small salt ling. North. DRONKLED. Drowned. Langtoft, pp. 43, 106.
DRO. To throw. Somerset. DRONNY. A drone. SMton.
DROAT. A throat. Somerset. DROO. Through. West.
DROATUPS. DROOL.
A leather strap under the lower To drivel. Somerset.
part of a horse-collar. South. DROOPER. A moody fellow. West.
DROBLY. Dirty ; muddy. Pr. Parv. DROOT. One who stutters. Pt. Parv.
DROBYL. To trouble; to vex. DROP. (1) A reduction of wages. North.
So sal paybes and sorowe drobyl thaire thoght. (2) Midswmvner drop, that portion of fruit whicli
Hdrtpole, MS. Bmues, p. 214. falls at Midsummer. South.
DROCK. A water course. Wilts. To drain DROP-BOX. A money-box. Craven.
with underground stone gutterfc. Glouc, DROP-DRY. Watertight. North.
 DRO
320 BRU
DROP-DUMPLINGS. A spoon pudding, each DROUPNYNGE. A slumber. (7*7.)
spoonful of batter being dropt into the hot DROUTH. Thirst; dryness. North. "The
water, so forming a dumpling. East. druthe lond," the dry land, Otuel, p. 45.
DROPE. (1) To drop, or run down. East. DROVE. (1) A path, or road. West.
(2) A crow. Yorksh. (2) To pursue j to rex. (A<-S.)
(3) To baste meat. Pegge.
DROPES. Ornaments on the jackets formerly (3) Driven. Dirty.
DROVY. / 'ar. dial.
(A.-S.) "Itchy, scabby,
•worn by mummers. lousy, or all three," Forby.
DROP-GALLOWS. A foul-mouthed person. DROVYNG. Distress ; vexation. (A.-S.)
East. DROW. To dry ; to throw. West.
DROP-HANDKERCHIEF. A game at fairs, DROWBULLY. Troubled ; thick; dribbly.
also called kiss-in-the-rinc:. DROWD. Thrown. Wilts.
DROPJN. To beat. I. Wight. DROWE. Drew; went (A.-S.)
Swythe further in the foreste he drrnve.
DROPMELE. By portions of drops. (A.~S.) MS. Cantab. Ff. ii 38, f. 64
DROP-OUT. To fall out ; to quarrel. West. DRO WEN. Driven. Warton, i. 88.
DROPPERS. Persons who drop grains of
pease, &c. into the holes made by the dribbles. DROWGHTE. Dryness. (A.-S.)
Var, dial. DROWKING. Faint with thirst. North.
DROWN. To soak clothes. North.
DROPPING. Weeping. Gerard. DROWN ED-LAND. Marshes. Jonson.
DROPPINGS. (1) An early apple. YorlcsJi.
DROWNED-RAT. A simpleton. " As wet as a
(2) The dung of birds. Var. dial "The drowned rat," i. e. very wet.
muting, or droppings of birds," Cotgrave. DROWNING-BRIDGE. A sluice-gate ; a pen-
DROPPING-THE-LETTER. A boy's game, stock for overflowing meadows. Wilts.
mentioned in Moor's Suffolk Words, p. 238. DROWNNE. To make sad. (A.-S.)
DROPPING-TIME. Rainy weather. West. Why drawes you so one cireghe,
DROPPY. Wet ; rainy. North. Thow droivnnes rayne herte.
Morte Arthure, Line. MS. f. 94.
DROPS. To take one's drops, to drink exces-
sively of spirits. North. DROWRYIS. Jewels ; ornaments.
DROP-VIE. A term in gambling, the same as DROWSE. To gutter. See Drose. Hence
the revy. Florio, p. 442. drowsen, made of tallow. Kent.
DROPWORT. Theherb/Ja>«irfufe. DROWSYHED. Drowsiness. Spenser.
DROPYK. The dropsy ; dropsy-sick. DROWTY. Dry ; dusty. Derbysh.
DRORE. A dish in old cookery, composed DROWY. To dry. Somerset.
chiefly of almonds and small birds. DROW3. Drew out. (A.-S.)
DROSE. To gutter, as a candle. Drosed, soiled Then made the scheperde right glad chere,
as a candlestick is from a candle that gutters. When he the silver droiv$.
MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 53.
Kent. Also spelt drosle. DROXY. Rotten. West.
DROSINGS. Dregs of tallow. Kent.
DROSS ELL. A slut ; a hussy. Warner. DROY. (1) To wipe, or clean. Lane.
DROSS-WHEAT. (2) A thunderbolt. This provincialism occurs in
The inferior wheat left after
dressing. Suffolk. Aubrey's Wilts, Royal Soc. MS. p. 35.
DROSTY. Full of dross. Warw. DROZE. To beat severely. East. Hence droziny,
DROSYv Very brittle. Devon. a very severe drubbing.
DROT. A moderated imprecation. South. DROZEN. Fond ; doating. Nort?i.
DR03EN. Drew. Gawayne.
DROTYNE
Pr. Parv ""jc isspeak indistinctly
still used in the ;North
to stammer.
under
DR03T. Drought ; dryness. (A.-S.)
the form >te. See Brockett, p. 103. DRU. Through. Devon.
DROU. Tt Iry. Escmoor. DRUB. To throb ; to beat. Drubbing, a very se-
DROUCHIP. Drenched. Suffolk. vere beating. Var. dial.
DROUGHF. Drew. (A.-S.) Drouh, Langtoft, 13RUBBULNESSE. Thickness, applied to liquor
p. 32. Drw, Amadas, 74. or soups of any kind.
A riche tombe they dyd bydight, DRUBBY. Muddy. Northumb.
A crafcy clerke the lettres droughe. DRUBS. Slates among cinders. North.
MS. Harl. 2252, f. 98. DRUCK. To thrust down ; to cram; to press.
DROUGHT. (1) A passage. West. Somerset.
(2) A team of horses. North. DRUCKEN. Drunk; tipsy. North.
DROUGHTY. Thirsty, Heref. DRUDGE. A large rake. Also, to harrow. West,
DROUK. To drench ; to soak. North. DRUE. Dry. "Drink the pot drue," i. e.
DROUKENING. A slumber. W. Mapes, p. 334. empty it. North.
DROUMY. Dirty ; muddy. Devon. DRUERY. Gallantry ; courtship. (A.-N.) See
DROUNSLATE. A drummer. This term oc- Rob. Glouc. p. 191 ; Gy of Warwike, p. 33.
curs in a diary in MS. Cott. Vesp. A. xxv. Also, sometimes, a mistress. It apparently
DROUNT. To drawl. Northumb. means the result of love, in MS. Addit. 12195.
DROUPEN. To droop, or look sickly. Salop.
In Pr. Parv. to lie hid secretly. The Virgin
Arthour and isMerlin,
styled p. 312.
•' Cristes drurie/7- in
 DRU DRY
321
And then for grete druery, DRUVY. Thick ; dirty. North.
I let the erle lygge me by. DRUYE. Dry. (A.-S.)
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 138- DRWRERY. Same as druery, q. v.
DRTJFFEN. Drunk; tipsy. North. DRY. (1) Thirsty. Var. dial
DRUG. (1) A timber-carriage. East. (2) To leave off milking a cow, when she gives
(2) To dry slightly. Sussex. little milk. North.
(3) Damp ; moist. /. Wight. (3) Genuine ; unadulterated. North.
DRUGEOUS. Huge ; very large. Devon.
DRUGGE. To drag. (A.-S.) (4) Not sweet. " A dry wine." Var. dial
(5) Same as Dree, q. v. Perceval, 358.
DRUGGER. A druggist. Earle.
DRUGGERMAN. An interpreter. (6) Crafty; subtle. Var. dial.
(7) Disappointed ; cast down. North. This is
DRUGSTER. A druggist. Var.dial. given as a Scotch term in MS. Cott. Galba C.
DRUID'S-HAIR. Long moss. Wilts. ix. f. 275.
DRUIVY. Overcast; muddy. Cuw 3.
DRUM. (1) To beat soundly. We*t, (8) Hard ; severe ; as, " a dry blow."
(9) To wipe anything dry. Var. dial.
(2} The cylindrical part of anything.
(3) Tom or John Drum's Entertainment, a DRY-BOB. A joke. " 'Huade seiche, a dry-bob ,
phrase signifying ill-treatment, or turning an jeast, or nip,"
DRYCHE. Cotgrave.; to terrify.
To frighten
unwelcome guest out of doors. And thane scho said, naye, I am a spirit of pur-
DRUMBELO. A dull heavy fellow. Earn. gatorye, that walde hafe helpe of the, and noghte a
DRUMBLE. To be sluggish ; to be confused in spirit of helle to dryche the.
doing anything ; to mumble. West. It occurs MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 25J.
in Shakespeare. DRY-COMMUNION. A nick-name for the
DRUMBLE-BEE. A humble-bee. Nash. Nicene Creed, very common at the Re-
DRUMBLED. Disturbed ;, muddy. North. formation.
DRUMBLE-DRONE. A drone. Metaphori- DRY-CRUST. A miser. Minsheu. Huloethas
cal y, astupid person. West. dry-fellow in the same sense.
DRUMBLE S. He dreams drumoles, i.e. he is DRYD. Dread. Christmas Carols, p. 16.
half asleep or stupid. Norf. DRYE. Same as dree, q. v.
DRUMS OW. A dingle, or ravine. CJiesh. Also DRYFANDE. Driving; coming. (^.-£)
called a drumble. Hym dremyd of a dragon dredfulle to beholde,
DRUMLER. A small vessel of war, chiefly used Come dryfandt over the depe to drenschen hys popJe.
Morte Arthur et MS, Lincoln, f,6l.
by pirates. Cotgrave.
DRUMLEY. Muddy; thick. Hence, confused. DRYFAT. A box, packing-case, or large basket.
Also, slowly, lazily. North. See Cotgrave, in v. Enfonser ; Arch. xxi. 472 ;
DRUMMING. (1) A good beating. West. Burgon's Life of Gresham, i. 141 ; Tarlton,
(2) Palpitating. Meal " Drumming p. 99 ; Nash's Pierce Peniless, 1592.
DRUMMOCK. and waterhearts."
mixed. North. DRY-FOOT. A term in hunting, to follow the
DRUMSLADE. A drum. See Becon, p. 449 ; game by the scent of the foot. See Harrison's
Hall, Henry VIII. ff. 58, 80; Elyot, in v. DRYGHE. England, p. 230.
To suffer. See Dree.
Symphoniachus. Ther for thys yche peyne y dryghe,
DRUMSLAGER. A drummer. Drumsted occurs For y bare me yn pryde sohyghe.
in the Ord. and Reg. p. 256. MS. Harl. 1701, f. 22.
DRUN. A narrow passage. Wilts. DRYGHTTENE. The Lord. (^.-&)
DRUNGE. A pressure, or crowd. Wilts. The Di-yghttene at domesdaye dele as hyme lykes.
DRUNK. The darnel grass. North. Morte Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f. 67-
DRUNKARD'S-CLOAK. A tub with holes in DRYHE. On dryhe, backwards.
the sides for the arms to pass through, for- Launcelot than hym drew on dryhe,
merly used in Newcastle for the punishment Hys swerd was in hys hand drawen.
of scolds and drunkards. MS. Harl. 2252, f. 120.
DRUNKESCHIPE. Drunkenness. (A.-S.) DRY-HEDGE. A bank of earth thrown up as a
So that upon his drunkeschipe,
fence between inclosures.
They bounden him with chaynis faste. DRY-MEAT. Hay. Var.dial
Gotoer, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 128. DRYNCHE. Same as drenche, q. v.
jDRUNKWORT. Tobacco. Minsheu. DRYNG. To drink. (X-S.)
DRUNT. A pet, or bad humour. North. Wot na dryng wald she nane,
DRUPY. Drooping. Swa mykel soru ad she tane,
Sche fonde the lady alle drupy, Guy of Warwick* Middlehili MS.
Sore wepyng and swythe sory. DRYNGE. To throng. See Lybeaus Disconus,
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 245. 340. In use in Devon, according to Dr.
DRURIES. Same as Drowryis, q. v. " Druries Milks' MS. Glossary.
riche and dere," Gy of Warwike, p. 274. DRYP. To beat; to chastise. Satop.
DRURY. Dreary. Also as Druery, q. v. DRY-SALTER. A person dealing in various arti-
cles for dyeing.
DRUSS. Driven.
DRUV. A "slight Var.dial.
slope. I. Wight.
DRY-SCAB. 21
DRUVE. A muddy river. Cumb. DRYSSEDE. ASubdued. ring-worm.(A.-S.)'Palsgrave.
 DUG 322 DUG
Danmarke he dryssede alle, by drede of hymselvyne,
Fra S wynne unto Swetherwyke with his swrede fcene. of The' Tyryenes
Ealane thaire was
due, sothat
ferdethay
bycause of the noghte
ne durste decide
Morte Arthure, MS. Lincoln, f. 53. turne agayne, ne defende the wallez.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 0.
DRYTH. Drought. Huloet. Tolde and affermed to due Theseus,
DRYVE. Driven. Ritson.
With bolde chere and a plein visage.
DRYYEN. Drove off. Hearne.
DRY-WALL. A wall without lime. Var.dial Lydgate's Bochat, MS. Hatton 2.
DRYWERY. Same as -Drwery, q.v. DU-CAT-A-WHEE. God preserve you! A
DRY3E. Calm ; patient ; enduring. Gawayne. phrase of corrupt Welsh, occasionally occur-
DUABLE. Convenient. ; proper. Leic. ring in some old plays.
DUARY. A widow's dowry. Pr. Parv. DUCDAME. The burden of an old song occur-
DUB. (1) A blow. Var. dial ring in Shakespeare, and found under the form
Dusadam-me-me in a MS. in the Bodleian
(2) He who drank a large potion on his knees Library. See a paper by me in Shak. Soc.
to the health of his mistress was formerly
said to he dubhed a knight, and remained so Pap. i. 109.
DUCED. Devilish. Var.dial
the rest of the evening. Shakespeare alludes
to this custom. DUCHERY. A dukedom. (4.-N.)
That daye ducheiyea he delte, and doubbyde knvghttes.
(3) A small pool of water ; a piece of deep and Morte Arthurs, MS. Line
smooth water in a rapid river. North.
" Spared neither dub nor mire," Robin Hood, DUCK. (1) To
bow ; and the stoop, or dip. aVar.dial.
substantive, bow. ".v>.^
i 106. Sometimes, the sea.
(2) To support, or carry any one. Wes. ,
(4) To cut off the comb and wattles of a cock. (3) To dive in the water. Devon.
See Holme's Armory, 1688.
DUCK-AND-DRAKE. A game played 1 •
(5) To dress flies for fishing. Var. dial.
(6) To dress, or put on armour. (A.-S.) ing shells or stones along the surfa -- '
(7) To strike cloth with teasels in order to raise water. It is alluded to by severe'1 i , *\?\
the flock or nap. Glouc. writers, as by Minucius Felix, q •'«''/
DUB-A-DUB. To beat a drum. Also, the Brand, ii. 247. " A kind of sport or . ,• vri;*
blow on the drum. " The dub-a-dub of ho- an oister shell or a stone throwne , - \
nor," Woman is a Weathercock, p. 21, there water, and making circles yer it sir ',\ , »c r
used metaphorically. is called a ducke and a drake, aj i -.it-
DUBBED. (1) Blunt; not pointed. South. penie cake,"
markable that Nomenclator,
the same wordsp. 299
are JM-j I- , »o
(2) Created a knight. (^.-S.) " The tearme If the stone emerges only once, i", _s „.<•, ,„
dubbing is the old tearme for that purpose," and increasing in the following ord
Harrison's Descr. of England, p. 159. 2. A duck and a drake.
(3) Clothed; ornamented. (A.~S.)
The whylk es als a cytfe bryght, 3. And a half-penny cake.
With alkyn ryches dubbed and dyght
Hampole, MS. Bowes, p. 223. 4. AAndhopa penny
,5. to pay theol
and a scotch ; 7"* _•
His dyademe was droppede downe, Is another notch,
Dubbyde with stonys.
Horte Arfhurej MS. Line. f. 88. 6. Slitherum, slathemm, tak' -*• %
DUBBERS. Trimmers or binders of books ? From this game probably originat* -i . u •. i < !t > r
See Davies' York Records, p. 238. of making ducks and drakes with * .L * > ' . 3 • M , .
DUBBING. (1) A kind of paste made of flour and i. e. spending it foolishly. An o ri;* ij, - .; *..-
water boiled together, used by cotton weavers of this phrase may be seen in Su *\S* i ' it-
to besmear the warp. ing Island, Sig. C. iv.
DUCKER. A kind of fighting-cock,
(2) A mixture of oil and tallow for making lea- DUCKET. A dove-cot. North.
ther impervious to the water. North.
(3) Suet. Somerset. DUCK-FRIAR. The game of leap-iV« » t ^ e •*hr
(4) A mug of beer. Wilts. play of Apollo Shroving,
DUCKING-STOOL. 1627, }<
See OticMnf *;,
'-*/&.
DUBBY. Dumpy ; short and thick. West.
DUBEROUS. Doubtful. West. Perhaps the DUCKISH. Dusk or twilight. lv<- >j
more usual form of the word is dubersome. DUCKLEGGED.
DUBLER. SeeDoubler. DUCK-OIL. WaterHaving short legs,
; moisture. Far. p'ar.dial.
dial
DUBLI. To double. (A.-S.) DUCKS-MEAT. " A kinde of weades hovering
DUBONURE. Courteous ; gentle. (A.-N.) above the water in pondes or stangnes,"
The clerke seyd, lo ! one here, Huloet, 1552.
A trew man an a dubonure. DUCKSTONE. A game played by trying to
MS. Hart. 1701, f. 39. knock a small stone off a larger one which
DUBS. Doublets at marbles. A player knock- supports it. The small stone is called a
ing two out of the ring cries dubs, to au- drake, and the stone flung at it is called the
duckstone.
thorize his claim to both. Also, money.
DXJB-SKELPER. A bog-trotter. North. DUCK-WHEAT. Red wheat. A Kentish word
DUC. A duke, or leader. The second example in Cotgrave's time, in v. Bled.
illustrates Shakespeare's " Duke Theseus." DUCKY. A woman's breast. North.
 DUG 323 DUL
DUCTQR. The leader of a band of music, an (2) To stoop ; to bow. Devon.
officer belonging to the court. (3) To dress ; to prepare. A orth.
DUD. (1) Set ; placed. (^.-S.) (4) To gird, or tuck up. Exmoor.
Sche toke the ryng yn that sterte, DUGGED. Draggletailed. Devon.
And yn hur puree sche hyt dud. DUGGLE. To cuddle. Suffolk.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 142. DUGH. To be able. North.
(2) A kind of coarse wrapper formerly worn by DUKE. A captain, or leader. (Lat.) See the
the common people, " Dud frese," Skelton, extracts given under JDuc.
i. 121. A rag is called a dud in the North. DUKE-HUMPHREY. To dine with Duke Hum-
Buddies, filthy rags, Pilkington, p. 212. Dudes phrey, i.e. to have no dinner at all. This
is a cant term for clothes. Hence, dudman, a phrase, which is nearly obsolete, is said to
scarecrow or ragged fellow, have arisen from part of the public walks in
DUDDER. (1) To shiver. Suffolk. Old St. Paul's called Duke Humphrey's Walk,
(2) To confuse ; to deafen ; to amaze ; to con- where those who were without the means of
found with noise. Wilts. " All in a dudder," defraying their expenses at a tavern were
quite confounded. accustomed to walk in hope of procuring an in-
DUDDLE. (1) To wrap up warmly and unne- vitation.
ces arilto
y ; cuddle. East. DUKKY. The female breast. See a letter of
(2) To make lukewarm. North. Hen. VIII. given in Brit. Bibl. ii. 85.
(3) A child's penis. I'CLT. dial. DULBAR. A blockhead. North. The term dul~
DUDDY. Ragged. North. berhead is also used in the same sense.
DUDE. Done. Somerset. DULCARNON. This word has set all editors of
DUDGE. A barrel. Wilts. Chaucer at defiance. A clue to its meaning
D UD GE ON. The root of box, of which handles
for daggers were frequently made, and hence may be found in Stanihurst's Descr. of Ireland,
p. 28, — " these sealie soules were (as all dul-
called dudgevn-hafted-daggers, or sometimes carnanes for the more part are) more to be
dudgeon-daggers, or dudgeons. The handle terrified from infidelitie through the paines of
itself is called the dudgeon in Macbeth, ii. 1. hell, than allured to Christianitie by the joies
Hence, -according to Gifford, anything homely
was called durfffeon, wooden-handled daggers DULCE. of heaven." Sweet ; tender. " A strumpets lipps
not being used by the higher rank of persons. are duke as hony," Scole House of Women,
Dudgeon wood is mentioned in the Book of p. 84. Dulcelie, State Papers, i. 732. Hence
Kates, p. 35, Brit. Bibl. ii. 402, not a coarse dulcet, as in Sbakespeare, and Optick Glasse
stuff, as Mr. Dyce says, Beaum. and Fletcher, of Humors, 1639, p. 118.
v.427. DULCIMELL. A dulcimer. Florio.
DUDMAN. See Dud (2). " A dudman, quasi DULE. (1) An engine with iron teeth for sepa-
deadman, larva, a scarecrow," Milles MS. rating or cleaning wool. North.
DUDS. Rags; dirty clothes. Far. dial.
DUDYN. Did. Weber. (2) The devil. "Talk of the dule an he'll put
out his horns," said of any one who appears
DUELLE. To remain. "Make jone fende unexpectedly. North.
duelle" I e. kill him,
remained absent. It also means to listen or Perceval, 632. Duellyde, (3) A flock of doves. Also, the sorrowful moan
made by those birds.
attend to a narrative.
We] come, cure liege lorcte ! to lang has thow duellyde.
(4) Thick; double. (A.-N.)
Dukes and dusszeperis in theire dule cotes.
Morte Arthure, MS. Lincoln, f. 66. Morte strthwe, MS. Lincoln, f. 98.
DUELLO. Duelling. An Italian word fre- DULE-CROOK. (1) An ill-disposed person.
quently appropriated by some of our old dra- North.
matists. See Nares. in v. (2) A fly. Also called the Great or March
DUEN. To endue, or endow. (^.-JV.) Brown. Craven.
DUERE. Dear. Reliq. Antiq[.i. 110. DULKIN. A dell. Glouc.
DUETEE. Duty. (A.-N.) DULL. (1) Hard of hearing. Var. dial
DUFF. (1) 'Dough; paste. North. (2) To stun with a blow or noise. North,
(2) To strike. Also, a blow. Deem. fa) Dole ; sorrow. Tundale, p. 42.
(S) A dark-coloured clay. Kent. (4) The dead of night ; midnight.
(4) To fall heavily ; to sink. West. DULLAR. A stunning or uninterrupted noise ;
(5) To daunt ; to frighten. South. confusion. Essex.
DUFFEL. A strong and very shaggy cloth, ma- DULLARD. A blockhead, or fool. See Dent's
nufactured chiefly in Yorkshire. Pathway, p. 323 ; Brit. BibLiv. 175.
DUFFER. A pedlar ; applied exclusively to one DULLE. To make, or grow dull. (4.-$.} Dullid,
who sells women's clothes. South, Gesta Romanorum, p, 58.
DUFFIT. A sod. North. DULLER. To sorrow with pain. Suffolk
DUFFY-DOWS. Dove-cot pigeons. East. DULLING. A foolish person. West.
DUG. (1) The female breast. Var. dial. It was DULLIVE. A remnant. Line.
formerly the common term. See Markham's DUJLLOR. A dull and moaning noise, or tiie
Countrey Fame, folLond. 1616, p. 168. tune of some doleful ditty. East.
 DUN DUN
324
DULLYTRIPE. A slattern. Wanv. Dun out of the mire, an old rural pastime de-
DULSOME. Heavy ; dull* Far. dial scribed by Gilford, Ben Jonson, vii. 283.
DULWILUY. A species of plover, East. Dun in the mire, i. e. embarrassed or reduced
DUM. When a goose or a duck has nearly laid to a strait. Dun is the mouse, a proverbial
its quantity of eggs, and is about to begin to sit saying of rather vague signification, alluding
upon them, she plucks off part of her own to the colour of the mouse ; but frequently
feathers to line her nest. This is called dum- employed with no other intent than that of
ming it. Suffolk. The down or fur of an quibbling on the word done. See Nares, in v.
animal is also so called. It seems sometimes to be equivalent to
DUMB. To make dumb. ShaJs. the phrase still as a mouse. To dun, to be
DUMB-CAKE. A cake made in silence on St. importunate for the payment of an account,
a word that came into use in the seventeenth
Mark's Eve, with numerous ceremonies, by
maids, to discover their future husbands, fully century, and is said to have its origin from
described in Hone's Every Day Book, i. 523. Dun, a famous hangman. This personage is
It is made of an egg-shellful of salt, another alluded to in Cotton's Works, ed. 1734, p.
of wheat-meal, and a third of barley-meal. 117, but I think the explanation doubtful. To
DUMB-FOUND. To perplex, or confound. ride the dun horse, to dun a debtor, is given
Far. dial. in the Craven Glossary, i. 123.
DUMBLE. (1) Stupid; very dull. Wilts. DUNBIRD. Some kind of bird mentioned in
(2) A wooded dingle. Var. dial. Harrison's Descr. of England, p. 222.
(3) To muffle, or wrap up. Suffolk. DUNCE. A nickname for Duns Scotus, made
DUMBLEDOKE. (1) A humble-bee. Devon, good use Letters,
of by Butler. See also Wright's
(2) A beetle, or cockchafer. South. Monastic p. 71.
(3) A stupid fellow. Somerset. DUNCH. (1) To give a nudge. Cuml. "Dun.
DUMBLE-HOLE. A piece of stagnant water chyne or bunchyne, tnndo," Pr. Parv.
in a wood or dell. Salop. (2) Deaf; dull. Var. dial. " Deafe or hard of
DUMBMULL. A stupid fellow. Glouc. hearing," Batman uppon Bartholome, 1582.
DUMB-SHOW. A part of a dramatic repre- Dunch passage, a blind dark passage,
sentation shown pantomimically, chiefly for What with the smoke and what with the criez,
the sake of exhibiting more of the story than I waz amozt blind and dunch in mine eycz.
AfS. Asftmole 3G, f 112.
could be otherwise included ; but sometimes
DUNCH-DUMPLING. Hard or plain pudding
merely emblematical. Nares. made of flour and water. West.
DUMB-WIFE. A dumb person, who is thought DUNCUS. A kind of weed. Line. Possibly
in Cumberland to have the gift of prescience,
and hence a fortune-teller is so called. connected with A.-S. Tun-caers, garden cress.
DUNDER. Thunder, or tempest. West.
DUM-CRAMBO. A child's game, mentioned DUNDERHEAD. A blockhead. Var. dial.
in Moor's Suffolk Words, p. 238. In Devon is also heard the term dunderpott.
DUMMEREL. A silent person. Harvey. DUNDERSTONES. Thunderbolts.
DUMMERHEAD. A blockhead. South.
The extreme pressure towards the center must
DUMMIL. A slow jade. Salop. have the like effect ; hence proceed the subterranean
DUMMUCK. A blow, or stroke. East. fires, volcanos and chymlstry of nature, e. g. Ditn-
DUMMY. A silent person. In three handed derstones, which appeare plainly to have been
whist, the person who holds two hands plays melted as artificially as regulus of antimony.
dummy. Aubrey's Wilts, MS. Royal S< c. p. 112.
DUMP. (1) A meditation. Also, to meditate. DUNDUCKITYMUR. An indescribable colour,
(2) A clumsy medal of lead cast in moist sand. but rather dull. Suffolk.
East. DUNDY. Dull in colour. East.
(3^ To knock heavily ; to stump. Devon. DUNED. Bent; bowed. Hearne.
(4) Astonishment. Minsheu. DUNELM-OF-CRAB. A dish of a gouty coin-
(5) A melancholy strain in music. To be in the plexion. See Brockett, in v.
dumps, i. e. out of spirits. There was also a DUNG. (1) Struck down. Salop.
kind of dance so called. It is alluded to in (2) Beaten ; overcome. North.
Gosson's Schoole of Abuse, 1579. To put one '3) Reflected upon. Craven.
to the dumps, to drive him to his wit's ends. 4) Bread, corn, and the other productions of
(6) A deep hole of water, feigned to be bottom- the earth are sometimes so called by our early
less. Grose. writers.
DUMPISH. Stupid ; torpid. Devon. DUNGAL. Extremely noisy. North.
DUMPLING. A fat dwarf. Var. dial DUNGEON. (1) The principal tower or keep of
DUMPS. Twilight. Somerset. a castle. Prisoners were kept in the lower
DUMPTY. A very short person. West. story, and hence the modern term applied to
DUMPY. (1) Short and thick. Var. dial. a close place of confinement.
(2) Sullen; discontented. North. (2) A shrewd fellow. Also, a scold. North,
DUN. As dull as Dun in the mire. Dun was The adjective is dungeonalle.
formerly the name of a horse or jade, not a DUNGEVIL. A dung-fork. Salop.
jackass, as conjectured by Tyrwhitt. To draw DUNGFARMER. A jakes-cleanser. North.
 DUN 325 DUR
DUNG-GATE. A passage for filthy water, or saunder, 1505. Also, to confuse by noise, to
dung, from a town. East. stupify. East. Hence, stupid, dizzy.
DUNGHILL-QUEAN. A draggletailed wench ; DUNTED. Beaten. Northumb.
one who is very sluttish. Florio, p. 100. DUNTER. A porpoise. North.
DUNG-MERES. Pits where dung and weeds DUNTON'S-ROUND. An old dance, alluded
are laid to rot for manure. to in Howell's Arbor of Amitie, 1568.
DUNGOW-DASH. Dung; filth. Chesh. DUNT-SHEEP. A sheep that mopes about
DUNG-PIKE. A dung-fork. Lane. from a disorder in the head. East.
DUNG-POT. A cart for carrying dung. /. DUNTY. Stupid; confused. Kent. It also
Wight. " Donge pottes," Unton Invent, p. 9. sometimes means stunted ; dwarfish.
DUNGY. Cowardly. Wilts. Also, tired. DUNVALIE. Tawny. (A.-S.) " Y-cast the
DUNHEDE. Qu.dimhede? dunvalie gome to grounde," MS. Rawl. Leg.
Also thou seest the uble" is thynne, DUP. " To dup, doup, or doe open, to open the
And grete dunhede ys none therynne. door." Wilts. MS. Lansd. 1033. This is
MS. Hart. 1701, f. 67- the meaning in Shakespeare. It now gene-
DUNK-HORN. The short blunt horn of a rally signifies to do up, to fasten.
beast. Dunk-horned, sneaking, shabby, an DUPPE. Deep. Const. Freem. p. 29.
allusion to cuckoldom. East. DUR. (1) Durst. Langtoft.
DUNKIRKS. Privateers of Dunkirk, frequently (2) A door. (A.-S.)
alluded to by the old dramatists. Out at the rfwrthei put my wyfe
For she is oldegray hore.
DUNKITE. A kind of kite. See Harrison's MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 48.
Description of England, p. 227.
DUNLING. A kind of snipe. Line. DURANCE. Duration. There was a kind of
DUNMOW. A custom formerly prevailed at durable stuff, made with thread or silk, so
Little Dunmow in Essex of giving a flitch of called, and it is frequently alluded to, often
bacon to any married man or woman who with a play upon the word, as in Cornwallyes
would swear that neither of them, in a year and Essayes, 1632, no. 13. See also the Book
a day from their marriage, ever repented of of Rates, p. 35.
their union. This custom was discontinued DURC. Dark. St. Brandan, pp. 2, 32.
about 1763. The metrical oath sworn on the DURCHEDE. Darkness. (4.-S.)
occasion is given by Hearne and others. The DURDUM. Same as dirdam,, q. v.
claiming of the flitch at this village is of high DURE. (1) Hard, or severe; difficult. (LaL)
antiquity, being alluded to in Chaucer, Cant. 11 To telle hir botonus were dure," MS. Line.
T. 5800 ; Piers Ploughman, p. 169 ; MS. Laud. (2) To endure. (A.-N.) Still in use.
My joye whylys that ray lyf maye dui «,
416, written temp. Hen. VI. See also Howell's To love you beste withouten repentaunce.
English Proverbs, p. 21 ; MS. Sloane 1946, f. MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 13K
23 ; Brand's Pop. Antiq. ii. 112 ; Edward's Old And at London it begane after 10, 30 m, and am-ad
English Customs, p. 1 ; Lelandi Itin. iii. 5-9 ; till almost on. MS. Ashmole 284, f. 151.
MS. Ashmole 860, p. 117 ; MS. Savii. 47, f. DUREFUL. Lasting. Spenser.
63 ; Selections from Gent. Mag. i. 140-2.
DUNNA. Do not. Var. dial DURESSE. Hardship; severity; harm; con-
DUNNER. Thunder. Cocaygne, 39. tinuancimprisonment.
e; (A.-N.)
And many a man and many a worthi knyjt
DUNNOCK. The hedge-sparrow. North. See Weren slayii there, and many a lady brijt
Cotgrave, in v. Mari ; Harrison, p. 223. Was wedowe made by duresse of this wer.
DUNNY.
DUNPICKLE. Deaf A;'stupid; nervous. North.
moor buzzard. West. DURETTY. The same as Durance, q. v.
MS.
DUNSEPOLL. A stupid fellow. Devon. DURGAN. A dwarf. West.
DUNSERY. DURGAN-WHEAT. Bearded wheat. Kent.
Return from Stupidity. " Crafty dunsery,"
Parnassus, 1606. DURKE. To laugh. Northumb.
DUN SET. A small hill. Skinner.
DUNSH. Paste made of oatmeal and treacle, DURN. A door or gate-post. Var. dial
DURNE. To dare. Pr. Pan.
with or without caraway seeds and other DURRE, (1) Dare ; durst. Hearne.
spices. Yorhsh.
DUN STABLE. Plain language was frequently (2) A door. See Dur.
He lokkyd the durre wyth a keye,
called plain Dunstable, and anything plain, or Lytull he wende for to dye.
homely was said to be in DunstaUe way, in MS. Cantab, Ff. ii. 38, f. 117.
Dwres and wyndows she fonde sparred soo,
allusion to the proverb, " as plain as Dun- That sche myghte not come hym to.
stable high-way," Howell, p. 2 ; MS. Sloane MS. Ibid. f. 130.
1946, f. 4. ' See Ford's Works, ii. 466 ; Tarl- The wallis semyd of gold brijt,
ton, p. 109 ; Florio, pp. 17, 85. With durris and with toures strong.
MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 68.
DUNSTICAL. Stupid. Nash's Pierce Peni-
lesse, 1592. Dunsicall, Thorns' Anec. and DURRE-BARRE. A door-bar.
Traditions, p. 9. A dwre-baire toke he thoo,
DUNT. A blow, or stroke. " With ys dunt," And to ser Befy&e anon he yede.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 10*
R. Glouc. p. 17; Ellis, ii. 326; Kyng Alk
 BUY DYK

DURRYDE. A kind of pasty, make of onions, DUYSTRY. To destroy. Audelay, p. 23.

chickens, and spice. DUZEYN. A dozen. Weber.
DUKSE. To dress ; to spread. North. DUZZY. Slow ; heavy. CJiesh.
DURST. To dare-. Var. dial DU3TY. Doughty. (A.-S.) " That shulde be
DURSTEDE. Thirsted. Ritson. dujty mon," MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 128.
DURTMENT. Anything useless. North. DWAIN. Faint; sickly. East. Also, a faint-
DURWE. A dwarf. Weber, Hi. 327. ing fit or swoon.
DURYN. Hard, ffearne. DWALE. The night-shade. (4.-S.) It is
DURZE. To durze out, spoken of corn so ripe highly narcotic, and hence used to express a
that the grains fall out very easily, far. dial. lethargic disease. See Reliq. Antiq. i. 324,
DUSCLE. The herb solatrum nigrum. for a curious receipt in which it is mentioned.
DUSH. To push violently ; to move with velo- There was a sleeping potion so called, made
city. North. of hemlock and other materials, which is al-
For thare sal be swylk raryng and ruschyng, luded to by Chaucer, and was given formerly
And rawmpyng of deeveles and dynggyng and duschyng. to patients on whom surgical operations were
Hampole, MS. Bowes, p. 214.
to be performed. To dwale, to mutter de-
DUSKED. Grew dark, or dim. (A.-S.) Meta- liriouslay ; Devonshire verb, which seems to
phorically tainted, as in Stanihurst, pp. 13, 24. be connected with the other terms.
DUSSENT. Dare not. Var. dial. Whenne Joseph had tolde this tale,
DUSSET. A blow, or stroke. West. Thei fel as thei had dronken dwale,
DUSSIPERE. A nobleman. (A.-N.} Grovelynge doun on erthe plat.
DUST. (1) The small particles separated from Cursor Mundi, MS. Cull. Trin, Cantab, f. 107.
the oats in shelling. Far. dial. For I wol knowe be thy tale,
That thou hast dronken of the dwale.
(2) Tumult ; uproar. Also, money. Gower, MS. Soc. 4ntiq, 134, f. 179.
(3) Pounded spice. Palsgrave. DWALLOWED. Withered. Cumb.
(4) To dust one's jacket, to give any one a good DWARFS-MONEY. Ancient coins found in
thrashing. Far. dial.
DUST-POINT. A game in which boys placed some places on the coast. Kent.
their points in a heap, and threw at them with DWELLE.Robyn, To remain. (A.-S.)
dwel not long fro me,
a stone. Weber and Nares give wrong expla- I know no man here but the.
MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 52,
1734, p. 184.nations. Itis alluded to in Cotton's "Works,
DWELLINGS. Delays. (A.-S.)
He venter on their heads my brindled cow, DWERE. Doubt. Cov. Myst.
With any boy at dust-point they shall play. DWERUGH. A dwarf. (A.-S.)
Peacham's Thalia's Banquet, 1620. DWILE. A refuse lock of wool ; a mop made of
DUSTYFATS. Pedlars. Jacob.
them ; any coarse rubbing rag. East.
DUSTYPOLL. A nickname for a miller. " A DWINDLE. A poor sickly child. Kent.
myller dustypoll," Cocke Lorelles Bote, p. 3. DWINDLER. A swindler. North.
DUT. An animal's tusk. (A.-S.)
DUTCH. White, or Dutch clover. Dorset. DWINE. (1) To pull even. South.
She talks Dutch, i. e. she uses fine and affected (2) To faint ; to pine ; to disappear ; to waste
words. Dutch concert, a great noise ; also, away. Far. dial
Dethe on me hathe sett hys merke,
a game so called. As gresse in medowe y drye and dwyne.
DUTCH-CLOAK. A short cloak much worn MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 2.
Thus dwyneth. he tille he be ded
by the gallants of Elizabeth's time.
DUTCH-GLEEK. A jocular term for drinking, In hindrynge of his Owen astate.
alluding to the Dutch drunkards. Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 125,
DUTCH-MORGAN. The horse-daisy. /. Wight. DWINGE. To shrivel and dwindle. East.
DUTCH-WIDOW. A courtezan. Dekker. " Dwingle," Brome's Songs, ed. 1661, p. 183.
DUTE. Pleasure. Cocaygne, 9. DWON. Down. Weber.
DUTEE. Duty. (A.-N.) DWYRD. Taught ; directed. (A.-N.)
DUTFIN. The bridle in cart-harness. East. DWTE. A debt, Pr. Parv.
DUTTE. Doubted; feared. Gawayne. DYA. Dyachylon. (4.-N.)
DUTTEN. Shut; fasten. Ritson. DYCH. A ditch ; a great pit. (A.-S.) Also, a
DUTTY. A kind of fine cloth. mound, dike, or bank.
DUYC. A leader. (A-N.) DYDER. Thither. Weber.
And whenne Alexander herde this, he remowede DYDLE. A kind of mud-drag. Norf.
his oste, and chese owte cl. of rfz/ycs that knewe the DYE-HOUSE. A dairy. Glow.
cuntree, for to hafe the governance of his oste, and DYENTELY. Daintily. Skelton.
to ledetharae seurly thurgh that strange cuntree.
MS. Lincoln A. i, 17, f. 27. DYFFAFE.SwylkeTowyches
deceive.
ere for(A.-N.)'
to wayfe,
DUYRE. To endure. Weber. For many manne thai may dyffbfi.
PUYSTRE. A leader. R. de Brunne, MS.
Here ordre is of so hyje a kynde, DYGH. To die. Hampole.
That they hen duystres of the wey. DYK. A ditch. (A.-S.)
Goiuer, MS. Soc. Antiq, 134, f. 45. DYKKE. Thick. Ritson.
 327
EAG EAR
DYLDE. To reward ; to yield. DYSKERE. To discover ; to betray.
DYLFE. The devil. Dighy Myst. p. 70. We ne wolde ne\yr to you dysTcei-e.
MS. Harl. 2252, f. 10P.
DYLFULLE. Doleful; lamentable. (A.-S.)
The emperoure hath tan the w.ty DYSKEVER. See DijsJcere. The MS. of the
To theknyght, there as he lay Erie of Tolous, 636, reads dyskevere.
Besyde the dslfulle thynge. Messengere, y prey the do me ensewre
ITS. Cttntab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 67- That thou wylt never me dyskever.
Evyr lay the lady faste aslepe, MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f, 95,
A dyifulle swevyn can sche mete. MS. Ibid. f. 83. DYSMALE. Ruin ; destruction. (A.-N.)
DYLL. A dele, or part. Weber. DYSOTS. The flax on a distaff. West.
DYMABLB. Subject to tithes. DYSPARBLE. To disperse.
DYMES. Tithes. (A.-N.} Our Lord arysith, and his enerays be dysparbled
DYMOX. A sturdy combatant. East. Per- aboute, and fie they that haten him fro hys visage.
MS. Bodl. 423, f. 241.
haps this word is derived from the name of
DYSPARYTABLE. Unequalled. (A.-N.)
Dymoke, the king's champion. And knowe hym as God Almyghte,
DYMYSENT. A girdle. (A.-N.) " A dymy- That was for me man dygparytable.
sent of Thine.
DYNE. gold," Test. Vetust. p. 435.
Ritson.
MS. Cantab, Ff. ii. 38, f, 22.
DYSPONSATE. Set in order. (Lett.)
DYNERE. A dinner. (A.-N.)
I bade felowes to ray dt/nere. DYSPYTE. Anger; revenge. (A.-N.)
MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 49. Of hym he had grete dyspyte.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 76.
DYNET. Dined. (A.-N.}
Joly Hobyn that dynet with me DYSSAYVE. To deceive. (4.-N.)
Hase behette me my rnone. The develle entirs than by fals illuraynacyoni
MS Cantab. Ff. v, 48, f. 01. and fals sownnes and swetnes, and dyssayves a mans
saule. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 221.
DYNTAND. Riding. Towneky.
DYODON. Died, pi. Tundale, p. 52. DYSTURBELAUNCE. A disturbance. (^.-M)
Large conscience makyth a dysturbelaunce.
DYPPE. Deep. Tundale, p. 13. MS. Cantab. Ff . i. 6, f, 1CJ9,
DYRE. Dear. Chaucer.
DYSWARY. Doubt. Cm. Myst.
Farewelle, dyre herte, chef yn remembraunce,
And ever schalle unto the oure y dy DYTARE. One who prepares. Pr. Parv.
JUS Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 131. DYTH. Dressed ; prepared. (A.-S.)
DYREN. To endure. JFeber. DYTT. Same as dit, q. v.
The seconde profyt of anger smerte,
DYSCET. Deceit. " Fulle of dyscet," MS. Is that anger may the develys mouthe dytt,
Cantab, Ff. i. 6, f. 140. That he no speche may speke overtwhart.
DYSCOMWITE. To defeat. Warton, ii. 257. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 14.
DYSCRYE. To describe. (A.-N.) DYVENDOP. See Dive-dapper.
DYSE. To break or bruise. (A.-N.} DYZE-MAN'S-DAY. Childermas. North.
DYSEMOL. Unfortunate. (4.-S.) DY3E. To die. (A.-S.)
DYSGRATE, Disgraced ; degraded. (Lot.) He schall treuly have my curse,
DYSHEIGHTEN, To disparage ; to disgrace. \ And ever schall have to that I dyy.
Glouc. MS. Ashmole 61, f, S6.

EAGERSPIRED. Same as Adcersprit* q. v.

Craven. h. EAGLES S. A female eagle. Howell.
El. . BA. (1) In; and; yes. Nort
(2) Water. East. Genuine A.-S. Also, a river EAK. (1) An oak. North.
on the sands by the sea shore. (2) Eternity. An Scott.
EALAND. island. Cr&oen.
(3) One ; one of several ; each. North.
(4) Law ; right ; equity. Verstegan. EALD. Old. Also, age. North.
EACE. A worm. /. Wight. EALDREN. Elderly. North.
EAGER. (1) Sour. (Fr.) Also, sharp, some- EALE. To reproach. Devon.
times applied to the air. See Florio, pp. 8, 69. EALING. A lean-to. North.
(2^ A peculiar and dangerous violence of the EAM, (1) An uncle. North. In common use
tide in some rivers, supposed to be caused by in early English. It is applied in Yorkshire,
the vehement confluence of two streams, or says Kennett, to any friend or neighbour.
by the channel becoming narrower or shal- (2) To have leisure ; to spare time. Chesh.
lower, orboth. The eager in the river Severn EAMBY. Close by ; at hand. Chesh.
is mentioned byCamden,andmany other early E AN. To bring forth young, applied more par-
writers. The boatmen still say, " ware ager," ticularly toewes.
when any danger is to be apprehended from BAND. The breath or spirit. North.
it. Forby mentions several other instances EANLINGS. Lambs just bora. Shak.
in various rivers in England and France, Ac- EAPNS. A hatidfoL Yorksk.
cording toKennett, " any sudden inundation EAR. (1) To plough. (A.-S.) Hence ear able,
of the sea is called an egor at Howden in York- •fit for cultivation with corn.
shire," which is perhaps the sense of aJcer in 2) An animal's kidney. East.
Cott. MS. quoted in v. Acker. '3)the
A place
tide. wfeere hatches prevent the influx of
Somerset.
3) Angry ; furious Nturth.
 EAS 328 ECH
(4) Honour. Verstegan. one's easement, mingere. A house of ease-
(5) The handle of a pot. Var. dial. ment, jakes.
a
(6) Eare, air. Chester Plays, i. 22. EASEN. The eaves of a house. Westm.
(7) To set together by the ears, i. e. to quarrel. EASIFUL. Placid; indolent. North.
To send one away with a flea in his ear, i. e. EASILIER. More easy. Oxon.
in anger or disgrace. To be up to the ears, EASILY. Slowly. Yorksh.
i. e. to be fully engaged. EASING-DROPS. The drops of water from
EAR-BREED. The prominent part at the end the eaves of houses after rain. North.
of a cart. North. EASINGS. (1) Dung ; ordure. North.
EARD. Earth, or ground. North. (2) The eaves of a house, frorth.
EARFE. Fearful ; timorous. North. EASING-SPARROW. The common house-
EARIKE. A tax paid for ploughing. sparrow. Salop.
BARING. Ploughing, or cultivation. Some- EASLES. Hot embers. Essex.
times, aday's ploughing. Wilts. EASTER. The back of a chimney, or chimney-
EARING-BAG-SKIN. A calf's stomach, from stock ; also as astre, q. v.
which rennet is made. North. EASTERLING. A native of the Hanse towns,
EAR-KECKERS. The tonsils of the throat. or of the East of Germany.
Somerset.
EARLES. Same as Arks, q,v. EASY-BEEF. Cheap.
EASY-END. Lean cattle.'
Craven.North.
EAR-MARK. A token, or signal. North, EATERS. Servants. Jonson.
EARMNESSE. Poverty. Verstegan. EAT-FLESH. The stone sarcophagus.
EARN. (1) To curdle milk. North. EATH. (1) Easy. North.
(2) Some kind of clothing or dress. See Floddon (2) Earth. Wilts.
Field, ed. 1808, p. 60. EATHELIC. Easily. Versiegan.
(3) To glean. North. EATHLY. Easily. Peele, ii. 232.
EARNDER. The morning, or forenoon. EATHS. Easily ; commonly. Nares.
Thoresby says, "forenoon drinking;" and EAT-OUT. To undermine by false insinuations ;
Grose explains it the afternoon. Yor&sh. to eat too much at another's expense. North,
EARNE. To yearn. See Lilly, ed. 1632, sig. EATSEAGT. Perjured ; denied. Fersteyan.
Dd. ix; King and Northerne Man, 1640. EAVE. To thaw. Devon.
Earnefull, Misfortunes of Arthur, p. 64. EAVELONG. Same as Avelong, q. v.
EARNEST. (1) To use in earnest. Nares. EAVER. A quarter of the heavens. North.
(2) Deposit money given to bind a bargain, or SAVINGS. The eaves of a house.
on hiring a servant, &c. " This simple token EBANE. Ebony. Pr. Parv.
or poore earnest peanie," Bibl. Eliotse, 1559, EBB. Near the surface. West.
ded, See Coverdale's Works, p. 384 ; Florio, EBB-CRUSE. A cruse, or pot, very nearly
pp. 39, 81. empty. See Hall's Satires, vi. 1.
EARNING. Cheese-rennet. North.
EARSH. A stubble-field. South. EBBER. Shallow. (<£-£) Bishop Hall speaks
EART. Sometimes. Exmoor. of " the ebber shore," Works, 1648, p. 20.
And so that that cure la we domes to be done tille
EARTH. (1) To lodge, as a badger does. wikked mene, je suffere kyndely ; and thcrfore
(2) A day's ploughing. Var. dial hym that we halde wyse, MS.
je halde an A.
Lincoln ebbere
i. 17,fule.
f. 37.
EARTH-CHESNUT. A kipper-nut. Gerard.
EARTHEQWAVE. An earthquake. (A.-S.) She cried and made muchel dol,
EARTH-FAST-STONE. A stone appearing on As she that was an ebber fol.
the surface, but fast in the earth. North. Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Triv. Cantab, f 81,
EARTHGALL. The larger centaury. West. EBBLE. The asp tree. East. WehaveeMe
EARTHLY. Rough ; austere. Yorksh. tre, ebonus, in Prompt. Parv. p. 17. " Juse
EARTH-RIDGE. A few feet of earth round a of eble,"MS.Med.Linc.
field which is ploughed up close to the EBENE. Ebony wood. Howett.
hedges, and, sometimes after having produced E-BLAW. Blown. Audelay, p. 13.
a crop of potatoes, is carried out into the field EBRAIKE. Hebrew. Chaucer.
for manure, and there mixed with dung, EBREU. Hebrew. Maundevile.
8and,"&c. EBRIDYLLID. Bridled. Reliq. Antiq. ii. 27.
EARTH-STOPPING. Stopping up the holes EBUS. Ebenezer. Var. dial
of foxes previously to hunting them. ECCLESIAST. An ecclesiastical person. Also,
EARTH-TABLE. The lowest course of stone the Book of Ecclesiastes.
that is seen in a building, level with the earth. ECCLES-TREE. An axle-tree. East.
SeeW. Wyrc. p.282. ECHADELL. Each a deal ; i. e. the whole.
EARWEORTHE. Honourable.
ECHE. (1) Each one ; every one. (//.-&)
EARWIKE. An ear-wig. Somerset.
EARWRIG. An ear-wig. Somerset. (2) To add to ; to increase. (d.-S.)
Lenger was hit not tho dayes.
EARY. Every. Yorksh. But sith men that aftur wore
EASEFUL. Easy; comfortable. East. Therto eched more and more.
EASEMENT. Ease; relief. South. To do Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 129L
 EEG 329 EGA
ECHESE. To choose. See AVarton, i. 12. EEIR. Condition. (A.-S.) " A stude of good
Loo here two cofris on the borde, eeir," Wright's Seven Sages, p. 5.
Echesv whiche jow liste of thoo two. EEK. To itch. YorJcsh.
Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq, 134, f. 141. EEL. To cover in. Also, to season an oven
ECHT. All. Hearne. when first erected. Chesh.
ECKLE. (1) A woodpecker. Var. dial EELDE. Age. Still used in the North,
( 2) To aim ; to intend ; to design. North. The Quod Reson, in eelde of twenti jeere,
usual form is ettle. Go to Oxonford or lerne lawp.
MS. Cantat,. Ff. ii. 38, f. 15.
ECTASY. Madness. Shale.
EELEATOR. A young eel. North.
EDBORROWS-DAY. St. Edburge's day. EELFARE. A brood of eels.
EDDER. (1) A serpent; an adder. (A.-S.) EEL-SHEAR. An iron instrument with tkree
Still in use in the North.
(2) The binding at the top of stakes used in or four points used for catching eels in the
Southern counties.
making hedges. North.
EDDERCOP. A spider. Craven. EEL-THING. St. Anthony's fire. Essex.
EDDERING. Same as Edder (2). EEM. (1) Leisure. See Earn.
EDDERWORT. The herb dragonwort, (2) Almost. Warw.
EDDTGE. The aftermath, Derbysh. EEMIN. The evening. Yortoh.
EDDISH. Another form of eddige, but more EEN. (1) The eyes. North. See Reliq. An*;q,
i. 82 ; Robin Hood, i. 102.
properly the stubble in corn or grass.
EDDLE. Putrid water. Northumb. (2) To ; but ; except. Somerset
EENT. It is not. North.
EDDREN. Adders. (J.-S.) EENY. Full of holes. Yorlesh.
EDDY. An idiot. Chesh.
EERIE. Frightened. Northumb.
EDE. (1) Went. (A.-S.) EERL. An earl. (A.-S.)
(2) St. Eadgithe, Hampson, ii. 105. EERLONDE. Ireland. Pr. Parv.
EDER. A hedge. Chesh.
EERNYS. Attention. (A.-S.)
EDERIjYNG. Relations. (A.-S.) EERYS. Ears. North.
EDFEDRID. Pleased ; satisfied with ? The blode braste owt at hys eerys,
EDGE. (1) The side of a hill ; a ridge. As Bid- And hys stede to grownde he berys-
dlestone Edge, &c. in the North. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. ^8, f. 7g.
(2) To stand aside ; to make way. North. EES. Yes. Var. dial.
(3) To set on edge, as one's teeth, &c. EE-SCAR. An unpleasant object. North.
(4) Edge o'darJc, evening. Craven. EEST. The East. (//.-£)
(5) To harrow. North. E£T. Yet. Devon.
EDGE-LEAMS. Edge tools. North. EETH. Easy. Northumb.
EDGLING. Standing on one end. Warw. EEVER. Ray-grass. Devon.
EDGREW. Aftermath. Chesh. EF. After. Hearne.
EDIFYE. To build. (A.-N.) E-FERE. Together. (^.-5.) See AudelaVi
EDIPPE. (Edipus. Chaucer. Poems, p. 50 ; Reliq. Antiq. i, 302, 304.
EDNE. To renew ; to renovate. (A.-S.) EFFECT. (1) Substance. (A.-N.)
E-DON. Done; finished. (A.-S.) (2) An intention. Shak.
EDRESS. Dressed ; prepared. " Ready edress," EEFECTUOUS. Effectual. Holinshed.
Ashmole's Theat. Chem. Brit. p. 284. EFFERE. Wild; strange. (Lat.)
EDWARD-SHOVELBOARDS. Broad shillings EFFET. A newt. Var. dial.
of Edward VI. formerly used in playing the EFFII. A likeness ; an effigy. Suffolk.
game of shovelboard. EFFLATED. Puffed up. Chaucer.
EDWYTE. To reproach ; to blame. (A.-S.) EFFRENATED. Ungovernable. (Lat.)
It is a substantive in Rob. Glouc. p. 379 ; Gy EFFUND. To pour forth. (Lat.)
of Warwike, pp. 118, 156, 251. EFFUSION. Confusion. (A.-N.)
And wo saytht litylle with gret sentiment, EFNE. Heaven. Cov. Myst. p. 278.
Som folke wol edwyte him with foly.
MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 126. EFRENGE. Fringe. Cunningham, p. 14.
EE. (1) A spout. North. EFT. Again. (A.-S.) " And fylle hit efte falle
(2) Even ; evening. Percy. wele," MS. Cantab. Ff. v.48, f. 49.
EFTER. After. North.
(3) An eye. Still in use. EFTEST. Quickest; readiest. Shdk.
Of that sche might noght be awreke,
For schame cowde anethe speke, EFTIR-TEMSIN-BREOD. Bread made of coarse
And never the lese mercy she preyd, flour or refuse from the sieve. Yorksh.
With wepyuge ee, and thus she seyde. EFT-SITHES. Oft-times. North.
Gower, MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 60. EFTSONES. Immediately. (A.-S,}
(4) The top of a drinking- cup. EFTURES. Passages. Malory, ii. 376.
(5) To love, or respect. North. EGAL. Equal. (Fr.)
EECLE. An icicle. Salop. EGALITEE. Equality. (A.-N.)
BED. I had. North. EGALLY. Equally. (Fr.)
EEF. Easy. Stanihurst, p. 11. EGALNESS. Equality. Nares.
EE -GRASS. Aftermath. Dorset. EGAR. To put aside. (Fr.)
 ELA
EGR 330
EGERS. Spring tulips. Bailey. EGRELICHE. Sourly ; bitterly. (A.-N.)
EGESTIOUS. Belonging to digestion. EGREMOINE. Agrimony. (A.-N.}
E-GEVYN. Given. (A.-S.) EGREMONY. Sorrow. (Lat.)
The sixte comaundment I will reherce also, EGREMOUNDE. Agrimony. (A.-N.)
By God e-gevyn, and that in strayte wyse. EGRET. A kind of heron. See Ord. and Reg.
MS. Laud. 416, f. 52. p. 220 ; Harrison, p, 223.
EGG. To urge on; to incite. Still in use in EGRITUDE. Sickness. (Lot.)
the North of England. EGYLL. An eagle. Ritson.
The drede of God es that we turne noghte EGYNG. Urging; incitement.
agayne tille cure synne thurghe any Hie eg»yng, Thorow the fendes egyng, (A.-S.)
MS. Lincoln. A. i. 17, f- 196, Hys doubter thoujt another thyng
MS. Ashmult: G\ , f 66.
EGG-BERRY. The birdcherry. North.
EGGE. (i) Age. EGYPTIAN-FROG. A toad. I. /fight.
J meght not fast, nor I wold not pray; EGYTMENT. An agistmeut. South.
I thoyt to a mendyd in my egge. EHGNE. Eyes. (A.-S.)
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 51. EHYT. Eat. Wickliffe.
(2) Edged ; sharp. Also a substantive, the edge EIE. Fear. (A-S.)
of any instrument. For many thyngys hyt ys grete eye,
Wroght hyt was welle and feyre, The whyche falleth me nat for to seye.
Noegge tole myght hyt apeyre. MS. Harl. 1701, f. 12.
MS. Cantub.Ff. h. 38, f. 101.
EIGH. (1) Aye; yes. North. Also an inter-
EGGEMENT. Incitement. (A.-S.) rogative, what do you say ?
EGG-FEAST. The Saturday preceding Shrove
Tuesday, so called at Oxford. Also known as (2) The eye. (A.-S.)
(3) Fear. Beves of Hamtoun, p. 72.
Egg-Saturday. Egg-Sunday is mentioned in EIGHEN. The holes or indices of the ancient
Baker's Theatrum Triumphans, 1670, p. 37. quadrant were so called.
EGGING. Urging; incitement. (A.-S.} EIGHE-SENE. The eyesight. (A.-S.)
EGGLER. One who goes about the country EIGH-WYE. Yes, yes. North.
collecting eggs for sale. North. EIKE-TREE. An oak. Yorksh.
EGG-PIE. A dish correctly described by its EILD. To be sickly ; to grow old ; to yield ;
title. It is still made in some parts of the old age. North.
country, EILE. Evil. Nominate MS.
i. 146. and is mentioned in Taylor's Workes, EILEBER. The herb aUlaria.
EGGS. tively
To have eggs on the spit, i. e. to "be ac- EILET-HOLES. Very small holes, a term in
employed.
EGGS-AND-COLLOPS, (1) Toad-flax. North. EILLE. sempstresy. North.
To be sick, or ill. (A.-S.)
(2) Fried eggs and bacon. Var. dial. EIM. Even ; exact ; equal. Norih.
EGGS-FOR-MONEY. A proverbial expression, EINATTER. A serpent. Cumb.
used when a person was awed by threats, or EINE. Eyes. Tarlton,p. 89.
had been overreached into giving money for EIR. The air. See St. Braiidan, p. 32.
comparatively worthless things. At undren tide ther coom a soun,
EGG-WIFE-TROT. An easy jog trot. The Fro the eir brestyng doun .
origin of the phrase is obvious. Cursor Mttndi, MS. Coll.Trin. Cantab, f. 115.
EGHE. An eye. (A.-S.) EIRE. An heir. (A.-N.}
Thow salle hym se with effhe, EIRIE. Same as Airy, q. v.
And come to Criste thi frende. EIRY. Light ; unearthly. North.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f.222.
EISEL. Vinegar. (A.-S.)
EGHGE. Edge. (A.-S.) EISTE. The highest. (A.-S.)
EGHNE. Eyes. (/US.) BIT. To eat. Yorfoh.
For alle the manace of hys myghte, EITH. Either. Heame.
And mawgree his eghne. EIYT. A newt. Brit. Bibl. iv. 29.
Morte Arihure, MS. Lino. f. 57.
EGHTE. Possessions ; property. (4.-S.) EI3TE. Eight. Also, property. (A.-S.)
EGHWAR. Ever. Weber. EI3YEN. Eyes. (A.-S.)
EGIR. A kind of precious stone, EKE. (1) To ease ; to kill ; to rid. Heame.
Alle of rewelle bane, (2) Also. Common in old ballads.
Off egfr and of urbane. (3) An addition to a bee-hive. North
MS. Lincoln A, i. 17, f. 136. EKER. Water-cresses. (d.-S.)
EGLANTINE. Sweet briar. The name was BKKBNE. To prolong. (A.-S.)
occasionally given to the wild rose. EKYN. (1) Also. Heame.
EGLEHORNE. A species of hawk. (2) To itch. Prompt. Parv.
EGLENTERK Eglantine. Chaucer. EL. Else. Hearne.
EG LING. A perch, two years old. ELA. The highest note in the scale of music,
EGRE. Courageous. Will Werw. See Middleton, iii. 624.
EGREDOUCE. A kind of dish or sauce, fre- ELAGERE. Strength ; power. (A.-S.)
quently mentioned in old cookery books. ELAT. Elated. (Lot.)
Also as dowce-cgyr, q. v. ELAXATE. To unloose. (/,«/.)
 ELF ELT
331
ELBORYN. A kind of wine. Weber. ELGER. An eel-spear. Pr. Parv.
jSLBOW. A promontory. Ilowell. ELICHE. Alike. Depos. Kic. II. p. 6.
ELBOW-GREASE. Persevering exercise of the ELICOMPAN1E. A tomtit. Cornw.
arms, exciting perspiration. ELIE. Elijah. Chaucer.
ELIK. Alike. North.
ELBOW'S. To be out at the elbows, i. e. to be Tak asafetida and aronutica, of ather elik rne«
in great difficulties.
ELBOWS HAKER. A gamester ; a sharper. kille, and wax and oyl, as res<-negyffes.
MS. Lint: Med. f. 291.
ELCONE. Each one, Cumb.
ELCY. Alice. North. ELINGLICH. Wretchedly. (A.-S.)
ELIS. Eels. Chaucer.
ELD. Old age; old people. (A.-S.) Some- ELI SEE. Elisha. Chaucer.
times, for age in general. ELIT. Elect. Hearne.
ELBE. (1) To make, or grow old. (A.-S.}
(2) To delay ; to linger. Ps. Cott. ELK. (1) A wild swan. North.
ELDED. Ailed. Also, held. Salop. (2) A kind of yew used for bows.
ELDEN. Rubbish; fuel. North. ELL. An ell-wand. Dyce.
ELLARNE. The elder tree. (A.-S.) Still in
ELDER. (1) A cow's udder, Far. dial. use. See Heref. Gl. and Pr. Parv. p. 239.
(2) Rather ; somewhat bigger. North.
(3) An ancestor. (A.-S.) A justice of peace ELL-DOCKENS. Colt's-foot. North.
ELLE. An eel. Chaucer.
was formerly so called.
ELDER-HAND. In cards, he who held the ELLEED. Together. Line.
hand was said to be elder-hand. ELLEK. Alexander. North.
ELLEN. Ells. Hearne.
ELDERLY-MAN. A chief, or principal. Cumb. ELLENCH. Afar off, Kent
ELDERMAN. A nobleman. (A.-S.) ELLENE. Eleven. Hearne
ELDERN. An elder tree. East. Also an ad-
jective, made of the elder. ELLEN-TREE. The elder tree. YortoA.
ELLER. The alder tree. North.
ELDERNE. Elders ; ancestors. (A.-S.) ELLERD. Swoln with felon. North.
ELDER-ROB. A conserve made of the juice of
the elderberry. Lino. ELLES. Else; otherwise. (A.-S.)
3et I h&^e a morsel for thy toth,
ELDERYNGES. Parents ; ancestors. (A.-S.) And elite I were to blame.
ELD-FATHER. A grandfather, borth. MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 50.
ELD-MOTHER. A step-mother. North. ELLET. The elder tree. Sussex.
ELDRITCH. Ghastly. NortJiumb. ELLOCK-RAKE. A small rake used for break-
ELE. (1) An aisle. Bloxam. ing up ant-hills. Salop.
(2) Aid ; help. SMnner. ELL-RAKE. A large rake. Salop.
ELECH. Alike ; equally. (A.-S.) ELLUM. Elm. Var. dial.
ELECTION. Option. In election, likely. ELLTJMINE. To embellish. Sfalton.
ELEMEN. Made of elm. Dorset.
ELLY. A bound or goal in playing at foot-ball.
ELEMENT. The sky, or heavens. North. North.
ELENGE. Painful. (A.-S.) Also, sorrowful. ELLYTHE. Aileth. Torrent, p. 4L
Eling, St. Brandan, p. 30. Elengliche, Piers ELM. An ell in length. North.
Ploughman, p. 231. It also means solitary, ELMEN. Made of elm. West.
a sense still retained in some counties. El- ELMESSE. Alms. Prompt. Parv.
lenaeness, Brit. Bibl. ii. 84. Kennett has, ELMES3EVER. An almsgiver. Pr. Parv.
" Ellinge,Ansolitary,
elynge liflonely, melancholy."
there thei ledde, ELMOTHER. A step-mother. North.
In wildernes were thei fedde. ELNE. An ell. See Kyng Alisaunder, 2750
Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 20. Holinshed, Scotland, p. 9. Line. " False
ELENGERE. More sorrowful. (A.-S.) elnen," Rob. Glouc. p. 429.
His laboure to him is the elengere. ELNORNE. The elder tree. Pr. Parv.
MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 256. ELN3ERDE. An ell-yard. Gawayne.
ELEPHANT. A species of scabious. ELOINE. To remove, or banish. (A.- N.)
ELET. Fueljollit. Wilts. ELONG. Slanting. Exmoor.
ELEVENER. A luncheon. Suss. ELPHAMY. Bryony. North.
ELEWN. Eleven. JSxmoor. ELREN. The elder tree. North.
ELF. (1) To entangle hair in knots, an amuse- ELRICHE. Dreadful ; terrible. Durh.,
ment indulged in by Queen Mab. ELSE. Already ; before. Also, others. North,
(2) A mischievous person. North. It is the nickname of Alice.
ELF- ARROWS. Ancient arrow-heads, so called ELSEDOCK. The herb Ewla campana.
by rustics in the North. ELSEN. A shoemaker's awl. North.
ELFAYDES. Some kind of animals, mentioned ELSE-WHEN. At another time.
in the MS. Morte Arthure, f. 77. ELSH. Uncouth. Devon.
ELFE. A witch, or fairy. (A.*S) ELSPITH. Elizabeth. North.
ELSWHITHER. Elsewhere. North.
ELF-LOCKS. Entangled hair. " Curl'd and
full of elves-locks," Wits Miserie, 1596. ELT. (1) To knead dough. North.
ELF-QUENE. The queen of elves, or fairies. (2) A young sow pig. West,
ELF-SHOTS. Same as Elf-arrows, q. v, BLTH. Old age. Chaucer.,
 EME EMP
332 For now Alexander dyes, and Macedoyne salle
ELTROT. Stalk of wild parsley. West. waxe ay lesse and lesse, andMS.enienische dayi. bi
ELVEN. An elm. Var. dial. Lincoln A. 17, day.
f. 48L
ELYENE. Elves. (A.-S.) EMER. (1) Nearer. Salop.
ELYERS. Young eels. West. (2) A deliverer ; one who succours any one from
ELVES. Young cattle. Tusser. a great difficulty. Line.
ELVISH. Irritable; spiteful; peevish; mis- EMERAUDES. The hemorrhoids. (A.-N.)
s;
chievoufantastic ; intractable. (A.-S.) It EMERLON, A merlin, or hawk. Chaucer.
is still in use. EMERUS. Humours ; diseases. (A.-N.)
ELYSWHO RE. Elsewhere. EMERYEN. Embers ; hot ashes. (A.-S.)
And what thou shall have tharefore,
Yn thys world and elyswhore. EMFORTH. Even with. (A.-S.)
MS Harl. 1701, f. 14.
EMIDDIS. Amidst. Chaucer.
EMMERS. Embers. Somerset.
EM. Them. Var. dial EMMET-BATCH. An ant-hill. Somerset
EMANG. Among. North. " Emangez thame Also called an emmet- out.
righte," Perceval, 604. EMMOISED. Comforted. Skinner.
EMASTYCE. The mastic. Tundale, p. 67. EMMOVE. To move. Spenser.
EMBAILD. Bound up. (Fr.) EMMUT. Force ; impetus. Devon.
EMBARMENT. An embargo. A tract was EMNENUSTE. Diminished ; impaired. (A.-N.)
printed in 1584, entitled, " A true report of And rijte so it es of the gudnssse of a mane, fci
the general embarrement of all English many mene may take gude ensample of hym, and
shippes.'' Shakespe are has embarque ment. his gudnesse be nathynge emnenuste therby.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 32.
EMBASE. To make base. Spenser.
EMBASSADE. An embassy. (Lat.} EMOLLID. Soft; tender. (Lat.)
EMBAY. To bathe. Hence, to delight, to EMONGEST. Amongst. Hall.
charm the senses irresistibly. EMOTE. An ant, or emmet. Baret.
EMBAYLE. To inclose. Spenser. EMPAIR. Impairment. Chapman.
EMBELISJ2. To beautify. (A.-N.) EMPECHE. To hinder. Also, to attack.
EMBE RINGS. The fasts of tr e ember weeks. EMPEIRE. To impair; to hurt. (A.-N.)
EMBESY. To embusy. Skelton* EMPERALES. Imperials, a coin. Weber.
EMBLEMENTS. Profits of land, as grass, EMPERICE. An empress. (A.~N.)
fruit, &c. Blount. EMPERISH. To injure, or impair. (A.-N.)
EMBOLDE. To make bold. (A.-N.) EMPERY. Empire ; dominion. (A.-N.) See
EMBOLIFE. Oblique. Chaucer. Woman in the Moone, 1597 ; Hall, Henry V.
EMBOLNEDE. Swelled. Lydyate. f. 27 ; Death of R. of Hunt. p. 38.
EMBOSSED. When a deer foamed ax the EMPESHE. To hinder. (A.-N.)
And hure nature shal not be empeshed to d»on
mouth from fatigue, he was said to be em-
bossed. Ahunting term. hure digestioun, wher throuj any wykked humours
EMBOUCHMENT. An embossment. Coles. other superfluytes may be engendred. MS. Bodt. 540.
EMBOWELLED. Said of a hawk, when her
EMPIGHT. Fixed ; fastened. Spenser.
gorge was void, and her bowels stiff. EMPLASTER. A plaster. See Reliq. Antiq.
E MB OWING. Arching. Lydgate. i. 54. Chaucer has it as a verb.
EMBOYSSEMENT. An ambush. (A.-N.) Thrust dowue a staff, and there will stick to it
EMBRAID. To upbraid. See Hall, Henry VI. some mud; repeat it severall times- till you have
f. 46 ; Tusser's Husbandry, p. 313. gott as much as will make an einplaster.
EMBRASURES. Embraces. S/iak. Aubrei/'s Wilts* Royal Soc. MS. p. 57.
EMBREWED. Soiled; dirtied. Lydgate. EMPLIE. To infold ; to involve. (A.-N.)
EMBROCADO. A pass in fencing. EMPOISONER. A poisoner. (A.-N.)
EMBROUDED. Embroidered. (A.-N.) EMPOSSESS, To possess. Florio.
EMDELEZ. With equal sides. Gawayne. EMPRESA. A device or motto. Dray ton.
EME. (1) Near. Salop. EMPRESSE, To crowd. Chaucer.
(2) An uncle. See Sam. Douce says the term EMPRIDEDE. Proud.
is also applied to an aunt, And whenne this journee was done, Pausamy
Wele we wote, withouten vvene, was gretly empndade theroffe, and went into the
The kynge Arthur oure erne sholde be. kynges palace for to take the qwene Olympias oute
MS. Harl, 2252, f. 107- of it, and hafe hir with hym.
(3) Consideration ; heed. North. MS Lincoln A. I. 17, f- 3.
EMELE. A female roe. See a notice of their EMPRIME. To separate a deer from the rest
of the herd.
bokeynae in MS. Bodl. 546.
EMELLE. Among ; amidst. EMPRISE. (1) An undertaking. (A.-N.)
Wit Nembrot com thai for to duelle, How dare y thannebe presumptuous,
And tok a conseil thara (-.malle.
I, wofulle wrecche, in any maner wyse
MS. Cott. Vesprts. A. iii. f. 14. To take on me this perfit hyje empi->,s«.
Lydgate, MS. -Soc. Anny. 134, f. 2.
EMENDALS. A term in old accounts, signify- Sundry werkis of marvelous empfi^j
ing the sum total in stock. By carpentryeto forge and dyvise.
JR-MENISCHE. To diminish.
76W. MS. f. 4
 333 END
ENC
Thus thei were that tyme unwise, ENCAVE. To hide, as in a cave.
Thei dud ajenes Goddes emprise. ENCENSE. (1) To burn incense. (A.-N.)
Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll Trin. Cantab, f. 41. (2) To inform, or instruct. North.
(2) Number. Weber. ENCENTED. Assented. Hearne.
EMPS-PIECE. A choice morceau of food ; an ENCERCHE. To search. Maundevile.
epicure's piece. Line. ENCESE. Qu. increase?
EMPT. To empty. Var. dial. It occurs in Hooly chyrche encese and eke,
Chaucer, Cant. T. 16209. And worichypp God in hys servyse.
ASS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 3.
EMPTION. A purchase. (Lat.) See Cun-
ningham's Revels Ace. p. 1 ; Ord. and Reg. ENCHACE. (1) Hunting. Earners.
pp. 73, 205. (2) To drive away. (A.-N.)
EMPTY. To pour out a small portion of liquid After the comynge of this myjty kynge,
from a vessel. Oure olde woo and troubille to enchace,
EMRAWDE. An emerald. STcelton. Lydgate, JCS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 12.
EMROD. An emerald. Junius. ENCHARGE. To charge one with anything.
EMUCID. Mouldy, (Lett.) ENCHAUFE. To warm ; to make angry.
EMULE. To emulate. Spenser. ENCHAUFING. Heat. (A.-N.)
EMYS. Enemies. Hearne. ENCHEDE. Fallen ; vanquished. (A.-N.)
EN. And ; also ; if ; him. It seems to mean in, And the enchede kynge in the gay armes,
Sir Degrevant, 1061. Lys grouande one the gjownde,and girde thorcwe evene.
Morte Arthure, MS. Lincoln, f. 94.
ENACTURE. Action, or effect. Shak.
ENAMET. A luncheon. Hants. ENCHEINED. Chained together.
ENANTYR, Against. Weber. ENCHESON. (1) Cause; occasion. (A.-N.)
ENARMEDE. Armed. In old cookery, the It is explained/br/ezY by Batman, 1582.
My crye that is the encbesoun of my rightwisnes
term was applied to anything larded.
ENARRATION. A narrative. (Lat^) that "is in his sight. MS. Cull. Eton. 10, f 25.
ENAUNTER. Lest ; in case. Spenser. (2) To reason withemperour
And the ? with hye reson
ENBANE. To poison. Mirr. Mag. p. 75. Sche began to encheson.
ENBANED. Ornamented ? Gawayne. MS. Cantab, Ff. ii. 38, f. 130-
EN BASTE. To steep in. PUlpot. ENCHEVE. To achieve ; to conquer. (A.~N.)
ENBATE. To pounce upon. (A.-N.) ENCKE. Ink.
ENBATTELLED. Indented, like a battlement. Betok I thencTte in my wrytenges
Chaucer. To tel a tale therupon.
Gower, MS. Cantab. Pf. i. f, f. 68.
ENBAWMEN. To embalm. (4.-N.)
ENBELYSE. Parted per bend. Holme. ENCLESSIDE. Inclosed. Lydgate.
ENBEWTID. Beautified. Skelton. ENCLINE. A bow, or salutation. (^..JV.)
ENBIBING. Imbibing. (Lett.) ENCLOWED. Nailed ; riveted. (y/.-JV.)
ENBLAUNCHEN. To whiten over. (A.-N.) Whan he syje and redy fonde
ENBLAWUN. Puffed up. WicUiffe. This cofre made, and wel endowed.
Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f, 236.
ENBOCE. To fill out. (A^N.) ENCLOYDE. Hurt in the foot.
ENBOISE. See Embossed. This appears to The hors on woche sche rode was blac,
be the same word as enbose, which occurs in Alle lene and gallyd on the bac,
Chaucer, and is wrongly explained by Tyrwhitt. And haltyd as he were enclnyde ;
See his Gloss, p. 75. Theroff the woroman was atioyede.
But thei shul not opene neither questeye while Gower, MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 6.
that he is among the chaunge, for drede to enboise
and to do amys. MS. Bodl. 546.
ENCOMBREMENT. Incumbrance. (A.-N.)
ENCOROWNMENT. A coronation.
ENBOLLE. To swell. Palsgrave.
ENCORPORE. To incorporate. (d.-N.)
ENBOSSED. Raised. (A.-N.) ENCORRED. Incurred.
ENBOWE. To incline, or bow down.
He encowed God's great wrath,
ENBRACE. To take hold of. (4.-N.) And grewe in great dispair.
With brode scheldcs enbrasnede, and burlyche helmys. MS. dshmole 208.
Mvrte Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f. 79. ENCRESTED. Increased. Hall
ENBRAUDE. To embroider. (A.-N.} ENCROCHE. To obtain possession of.
ENBREAM. Sharp ; powerful ; strong. ENCUMBERING. An incumbrance. (A.-N.)
ENBUSCHE. To hide in ambuscade. ENCURTYNED. Inclosed with curtains.
This knyjte whiche hovid and abod, A Ioft6 bed of large space
"Enbitsched upon hors-ftak, They hadde made and encurtyned.
Alle sodeyn cliche upon him brak. Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 44.
Goiver, MS, Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 81.
ENBUSCHEMENT. An ambush. END. (1) To finish ; to kill. North.
A gret enbuschement thay sett, (2) A number of anything. North. Also, part
Thare the foster thatne mett. of a tale, &c. (A.-S.)
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 136- (%} Rate or price. Yor&sh.
SNBUSY. To busy or exert one's self. (4) To erect, or set upright. Var. dial*
'ilNBYBED. Made wet. Skelton. (5) The stem of a plant. East.
]NCAUSE. To cause. Lydgate. (6) Pleasure or delight. North.
 ENG
END 334
ENDAMAGE. To damage ; to hurt. ENDROSSE. To multiply. Lydgate.
ENDAYS. Forward; endwise. North. END'STONES. The end binding-stones ia a
END-DAY. Termination ; end. North. wall. Arch. XL 233.
ENDE. (1) Seat ; corner. (A.-S.) ENDUCE. To bring in ; to adduce. (Lat.)
(2) End ; side ; country. Hearne. ENDURABLE. Durable ; lasting. East.
And welle norysched, gode and hende, ENDURATE. Obstinate. Hall.
No chylde bettux in alle that ende. ENDURED. Made hard. (Lat.)
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 245. ENDWARE. A small hamlet, Line.
(3) A bine colour, Lino. ENDWAYS. Straight-forward. To stand end-
ENDEAVOUR. To exert one's self. ways, to remain in an^ office beyond the usual
ENDEGRESSION. Indiscretion. time. North.
Of muche uncunnynge and endegression. ENDYD. Yeaned. Jul Barnes.
Lydgtite, MS. Ashmole 39, F. 56. ENDYED. Dyed. Percy.
ENDELONG. Along ; lengthwise. (A.-S.) ENE. Alone ; only ; once. Hearne.
Than came thai apon Spayne mdlonge theshoore. ENEDE. A duck. (^.-&)
MS. Lansd. 203, f.8.
Sche slow hem in a sodeyne rage, ENEE. ^neas. Chaucer.
Etidelonge the borde as they be set. ENELE. To anoint. Pr. Parv.
Goiuer, MS, Soc- Antiq. 134, f 65. ENEMIS. Lest. East.
END ELY. Endlessly. ENEMY. An insect. Salop.
Pees shall e be whereas now trouble is, EiVENST. Opposite to. North.
After this lyfe etidely in blys. MS. Harl. 38G9. ENES. Once. Hearne. . .
ENDENTID. Fixed in. ENEUGH. Enough. Devon. Generally applied
With many worthy stane exclusively to numbers.
Endentid and dighte. J/5. Lincoln A. i. 17* f- 135-
ENEWED. Troubled ; vexed. (4,-N.)
ENDER. Past;gone-by. (A.-S.)
This ender dai com a clarc me to.
ENFAME. Infamy. Chaucer.
And bed me love on his manere. MS, Diyby 86. ENFAMINED. Hungry. (A.-N.)
ENFARCED. Stuflfed; filled. See Hardyng,
Of ray fortune, how it ferde
This endir day, as y forth ferde. Suppt. f. 88 ; Becon's Works, p. 91.
MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 38. EN FAUN CE. Infancy. Chaucer.
ENDETTED. Indebted. (A.-N.) ENFECTE, To infect. (J.-N.) Sometimes the
ENDEW. (1) To digest. A hawking term. part, past, as in Gesta Rom. p. 352, and also
(2) To give, or bestow. North. a substantive, infection.
ENDEYNEDE. Ordained ? ENFELAUSHIPPE. To accompany.
In his dedis that for dule endeyneds hym to dyo ENFEOFF. To grant oat as a feoff, or estate ;
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 231. to give up.
ENDIAPRED. Variegated in colour. EN FERMI. To inclose, or lock up. Hearne.
END-IRONS. Two moveable iron plates used ENFLAUNCE. To inflame. Lydgate*
to contract the fire-place. North.
ENPLAWMEDE. Burnt up. ' (d.-N.}
ENDITE. (1) To dictate ; to relate. (A.-N.)
Syne endittede in his dayes alle the dere psalmes, andWhene the fra
clensede wille
alleand the affeecyone
fleschely es "puryfiede
lustes, kyndely and
That in the sawtire ere sett e with selcouthe wordes. werldly lufe, and es wjtowmede with brennande lufe
Worte Arthure, MS. Lincoln, f. 89. of the Haly Gaste. MS. Lincoln A. i, 17, f. 220.
(2) Put to death. Gawayne. ENFLORID. Enflowered. Skelton.
E ND L AND E . Along ; straight-forwards. ENFLUEESCHIT. Ornamented. (A.-N.)
And as thay went endlande this revere, abowte ENFORCE. To strengthen. (A.-N.)
the vilj. houre of the day thay come till* a castelle I salle enforsse jowe in the felde with fresche mene
that stode in alittille ile in this forsaid ryvere. of armes. Morte Arthur e, MS. Lincoln, f. .r-7.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 27.
ENDLEFTE. The eleventh, Hearne. ENFOKME. To teach; to instruct. (^.-AT.)
But yf je wolJe in eny forme
ENDLESS. The blind gut. East. Of this mater a tale anforme,
ENDLEVE. Eleven ; eleventh. Hearne. Whiche were ajen this vice set,
ENDMETE. Lenticula. Pr. Paro. I sehulde fare welle the bet.
ENDOCTRINE. To teach. (Lat.) Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. HI.
ENDOOST. Endowed. (A.-N.) ENFORSED. Seasoned. Antiq. Culm.
ENFOBTUNE. To endow with a fortune.
ENDOREDE. Made shiny, as pie-crust is with
the yelk of egg, or cake with sugar, &c. j not ENFOUBLED. "Wrapt
gilded, as explainedin the Gloss, to Syr Gawayne. ENFOULDRED. Thict up. Gawayne.
; misty. Spenser.
See Ord. and Reg. p. 437 ; MS. Lansd, 1033, ENFRAY, Affray. ToimekyMyst.
ENDOSE. Indolence. (A-JV.) ENGAGE. To lay to pledge, or pawn.
ENDOSS. To endorse. Palsgrave. It occurs ENGENDURE. Generation. (A.-N.)
in Spenser, and Reliq. Antiq. ii. 284. I wote -wel leefulle luste is necessarie,
Withouten that may be non engendwe,
ENDOUTE. To doubt ; to fear. (A.-N.) Occleve, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 259,
ENDRAITE. Quality. (A.-N.) ENGEYLED. Frozen ; congealed.
ENDRED. Entered. Scoff. Or stones engeyled falleth doune arovr,
ENDREYDE. Dried up. Malory. Whenne that hit hayleth, as hit is offcseyne.
ENDRIE. To suffer. (,£-£) MS. Cantab. Ff. i 6, f. 11,
 ENK ENP
335
ENGEYNE. To enjoin. Audelay, p. 47. ENKINDLE. To kindle. Fairfax.
ENGHLE. To coax, or cajole. Also a sub- ENLAKE. ENLACED. Entangled. (A.-N.}
stantive, agull. Jonson. To overflow. Fiona.
ENGHNE. Eyes. (A.-S.) ENLANGOURED. Faded with languor.
Thane tlie worthy kyiig wrythes, ENLARGISSED. Enlarged. Heame.
And wepede with his enghne. ENLEFTE. The eleventh. Heame.
Morte Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f. 73. ENLEGEANCE. Allegiance; protection; de-
ENGIN. Wit ; contrivance. (Lat.} liverance. Hearne.
ENGINED. Racked; tortured. (A.-N.)
ENGINER. An engineer. Middleton. ENLEVE.
ENLEVED. ' Eleven.
Inlaid.- Lydgate.
Maundeoile.
ENGINOUS. Inventive. Jonson. ENLIMN. To illuminate a book. Palsgrave.
ENGLAMED. Slimy. (A.-N.} ENLONGE. Oblong. Trevisa.
ENCLOSED. Painted. Lydgate.
ENGLUTING. Stopping with clay. Chaucer. ENMES. ENLUMINE. Enemies. Audelay, p.(^.-AT.)
To illuminate. 62.
ENGOUTED. Having black spots on the fea- ENMESH. To inclose in the meshes of a net.
thers. Ahawking term. Shak.
ENGOWSCHEDE. Swelled; elated. (A.-N.} ENMOISED. Comforted ; encouraged.
With a dragon e engoivschede ENMURED. Inclosed. Lydgate.
Dredfulle to schewe.
Morte Arthurs, Line. MS. f. 75. ENNA. Is not Game;
he ? * Ooson.
ENGRAFTED. Depraved. Suffolk. ENNESURE. sport. (A.-N.}
ENGRAYE. To bury. Spenser. ENNEWE. To paint; to put on the last and
most brilliant colours.
1SNGEEGGE. To aggravate. (A.-N.) ENNOBLISH. To ennoble. Palsgrave.
The dampned shul engreghed be,
The p eyries moor grevous to se. ENNOSE. To conceal. (A.-N.) Palsgrave,
MS.Addit. 11305, f. 313. referring to Lydgate, explains it, to abuse.
ENGRELYDE. Interspersed. For aythermuste y playnely hire accuse,
He beris a schelde of asure, Or my gilte with this gilte ennose.
Engi-elyde with a sayntour. Lydgate, MS. Sne. Antiq. 134. f. 4.
MS. Lincoln A. i 17, f. 134. ENOFFE. Enough. Chester Plays, ii. 114.
ENGREVE. To hurt. (A.-N.} ENOINT. Anointed. (A.-N.}
ENGREYNED. Powdered. (A.-N.} ENOO. By and by ; even now. North.
ENGROSS. To thicken ; to fatten. ENOUMBRE. To join in anything.
ENGUERE. Formed; made. (A.-N.) ENOURNE. To adorn. Lydgate.
ENGYNED. Deceived. (A.-N.) The temple of Covetyse 56 enourne with rosez;
A lcft£ bed of large space, alle jour myghte and joure triste je putt in thame
Where sche was aftirwarde engyned. that may jow na thyng helpe at nede
Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 44. MS. Lincoln A, i. 17, f. 35.
ENGYNEFUL. Crafty; cunning. (A.-N.) ENOW. Enough, far. dial.
ENGYSTE. To constrain. (A.-N.} ENOYNTED. Anointed. Heame
ENOj. Enough.
ENHABITE.
ENHACHED. ToInlaid.
use, orSkettan.
accustom.' (A.-N.) Have brok hit wel withowt fayle,
ENHALSE. To embrace. Becon. I have kept it long emq.
MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f S3.
ENHARPIT. Hooked; edged. Percy.
ENHASTED. Hastened. Palsgrave. ENPAREL. Dress; apparel.
That many worthi in knyjthood ful famus ENPAYRE. To impair ; to injure.
Enhasted weren unto here deth, alias ! Might na perys enpayre
MS. Diyby 230 Be skille ne by righte.
ENHAUNSE. To raise. (A.-N.} US. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 138.
ENHERITE. To endow any one with property, ENPECHE. To impeach ; to accuse.
or an inheritance. ENPIGHT. Pitched; settled.
ENHIEDE. Raised ; exalted. Lydgate. ENPITED. Delighted? Skinner.
ENHONY. To sweeten. Florio. ENPLEET. To implead. Hall
ENHORT. To exhort. (A.-N.} ENPLEMENT. Employment. SMton.
ENIF. Enough. Craven. ENPOYSONE. Poison. In the MS. Morte
ENIMITY. Enmity. Baret. Arthure, cups are described as being made,
ENIS. Once. Wright's Pol. Songs, p. 203. " that nane enpoysone sulde goo prevely
ENIXED. Brought forth. (Lat.}
ENJOINE. To join in battle. ENPREST.
therundyre."Imprest. Malory, ii. 450.
ENJUBARDE. To endanger. State P. i. 130. ENPRICE. Fashion. (A.-N.}
ENKANKERED. Cankered. Percy. ENPRIDDEDE. Prided. MS. Line.
ENKE-ORN. An ink-horn. Lydgate. ENPRISON. To imprison. Gower.
ENKERLY. Eagerly ; intently. Enker, applied ENPROPRED. Belonging. (A.-N.}
to colour in Syr Gawayne. Shal be y-seen blisses sevens
Thane the emperour enJrerly askes hym sonne, That ben enpropred unto the bodyes.
MS, 4ddit. 11305, f. 107.
What wille thow, Gawayne, wyrke with thi wapyne ?
Morte Arthur*, MS. Lincoln, f. 76. ENPROWED, Profited of. Skelton.
 BNT
ENS 336
ENSURE. To assure ; to plight troth. See tlu
ENQUERAUNCE. Inquiry, (A.-N.)
Of Goddes mysteiy and his werking Sup pi. to Hardyng, f. 66.
Make never, IPV childe, to ferre enqueraunce. ENSWEETEN. To sweeten. See the Optick
MS. Cantab. Ff. i. fi, f. 156. Glasse of Humors, p. 58.
ENQUESATYFFE. Desirous of knowing. ENT. Ended. Hearne.
Herof I am enquesatyjfe. ENTAILE. (1) Shape. (A.-N.)
MS. Cantab. Ff.i.6, f-71- Tliehors of gode entaile schall have a lytellheed
ENQUEST. Inquiry. (A.-N.) and gret rounde eyen, schort eeres, large 291,
MS. Douce fronte.
f. 136.
ENQUEYNTANCE. Acquaintance. Hearne.
ENQUIRANCE. Inquiry. Chaucer. (2) Place ; stead. Weber.
ENRAGE. To implant. (4-N.) (3) Sculpture or carving of any kind. Also, to
ENRESONE. To reason with. (A.-N.) cut or carve ; a very common term in ancient
art, and sometimes applied to ornamental
ENROLL. To fix anything in one's mind.
Palsgrave. work of any kind.
He made an ymage of entayle,
ENSAME. The grease of a hawk. Also, to Liche to a womman in semftlaunce.
purify, cleanse, or purge a hawk of glut and Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 105.
grease. ENTAILS. Ends of land. North.
ENS AMPLE. An example. (A.-N.)
A gode ensample I wyll 5011 sey, ENTALENTE. To excite. (A.-N.)
What chouse befell hym one a dey. ENTAME. To tame; to subdue.
SIS. JshmttleGlr f. 59. My son e, yf thou thy conscience
Bntamid haste in suche a wise.
ENSCONCE. To fortify; to protect as with a Gower, MS, Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 43.
fort, or sconce.
ENSEAR. To dry up. Shaft. ENTECCHES. Spots; stains. (A.-N.)
ENSEGGE. A siege. Also a verb. ENTECESSOllRS. Predecessors.
And thanne he went unto the citee of Tyre, and Loo, these ben iij. thynges, as seyn our entecessourg,
1 hat this trewe loveree togedir muste susteine.
layde ensegge abowte it, and this ewegge he Jaye MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 151,
many a day, and thare his oste suffied many dys- ENTENCIOUN. Intention. (Lat.}
essez. ATS. Lincoln A. i. 17. f. 4.
ENSELED. Sealed up ; kept secret. Enseay- ENTEND. To attend. (A.-N.)
tinge, Alleyn Papers, p. 12. ENTENDAUNCE. Attention. (A.-N.}
This fcuke es cald garthen enclosed wel enseled ENTENDEMENT. Understanding. (^.-JV.)
paradyse full of appelles. MS* Coll. Eton. 10, f. 1. A tale of gret entendement
I thenke telle for thy sake.
ENSEMBLE. Company. (A.-N.) Gaioer, MS. Sac. dntiq. 134, f. 65.
ENSEMBYLL. Together. Sfalton.
ENSEMLE. To assemble. (A.-N.) See Gy ENTENT. Understandjng. Weber.
of Warwike, p. 428; msemled, Beves of ENTENTE. (1) Intention. (4.-N.}
Hamtoiin, p. 125. (2) To attack. Ellis, ii. 366.
ENSENCESYNGE. Instruction. ENTENTED. Attended to. TTeler.
Saynt Paule made this orysone by the ensence- ENTENTIF. Attentive. (A.-N.)
Whereas shesatte in here oratorie
synge of the Haly Gaste.
MS. Lincoln A. i.17, f. 177- Withhert enteutyf and with hole mcmorie.
ENSENSE. To anoint with insence. Lydgate, MS. A'tuMla 39, f. 26.
Ensense the body no more so, Nou let hem here and under^tonde entttnttrflyclie
Ne do no wurschep tharunto. rayne wordes. Sowle-hcle, Vernun MS.
MS. Hurl. 1701, f. 73.
ENTER. To enter ahawk, to commence train-
ENSENT. Advice ; wish. (A.-N.) ing her to -kill game.
ENSENTE. To consent. Hearne. ENTERCHANGEDEN. . Exchanged. (A-N.)
ENSESE. To take possession. ENTERCLOSE. A passage between two rooms
ENSIGNBEARER, A drunkard. Grose. in a house, or leading from the door to the
ENSILE). To ensile a hawk, to pass a thread in hall. Oxf. Gloss. Arch.
some way under the beak and through the ENTERCORRE. To interfere. (Lat.}
eyelid, so as to hinder the sight. ENTEREMENT. Interment. Ritson.
ENSINEMENT. Perseverance. Batman. ENTERLACE. A kind of verse, mentioned by
ENSISE. Quality. SMnner. R. de Brunne, pref. p. 99.
ENSLOMBRE. To enervate. (A.-N.) ENTERLYCHE. Entirely. (A.-S.}
Son, lett not ydelnesse jou enslombre, ENTERMEDLED. Intermixed. (A^N.)
Nor wydnesse of clothys 3011 encombre. ENTERMENTYN. To let in. Pr. Parv.
MS. Jshmole 52, f. 65. ENTERMETE. To interpose; to interrupt.
ENSNARLE. To insnare, or entangle,
(A.-N.) See Malory, ii. 45.
ENSOINE. Excuse. (A.-N.) Thouj I therof have noujt to done,
ENSPEEE. To ask, or inquire. (A.-3.) My thou5te wol cntirrnete him sone.
ENSPIRE. To inspire. (A.-N.) MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 61.
ENSTAFF. To put on a staff. Florio. ENTERMEWER. A hawk that changes the
ENSTATE. To invest. Laurence. colour of its wings. Skinner.
ENSTORE. To renew. (Lat.) ENTERMINE. To destroy. (A.-N.^
ENSTREMENT. An instrument. ENTERPART. To share. (A.~N.)
 337
ENT EQU
ENTERPENNED. A hawk was said to be en- ENTUNED. Timed. (^.-Ar.)
terpenned, •when the feathers of the wings ENTUNES. Songs ; tunes. (A.-N.)
were between the body and the thighs. ENTWITE. To twit ; to reproach.
ENTERSHOCK. To butt together. ENTWYN. To separate. Audelay.
ENTERTAILLE. Wove-work. (Fr.) ENTYREMENT. An interment. Weber.
ENTERTAIN. Entertainment. Warner. ENTYRFERYNE. To interlace. Pr. Par*.
ENTERVIEN. A meeting. (Fr.) ENTYRYD. Interred. Pr. Pan.
ftNTERYNG. An interment. ENUCLEATE. To solve. Hall.
The seme herd that tydyng, ENUNIED. United. Becon.
And come home to the entering, ENUNTY. Directly opposite. Glouc.
MS. Hart. 1701, f, 42, ENUS. Once. Audelay, p. 43.
1SNTETCHED. Marked ; stained. (A.-N.) ENVENEMUS. Venomous. (A.-N.)
ENTHRONISED. Enthroned. Knolles. It wil hele the bytyng of a wood hownde, and al
ENTIERLOCURE. Entirely. Ckr. Vil maner strokys that byn envenemus, and it wil fere
ENTIRDIT. An interdict. (A.-N.) addrus fro the. MS. Med Antiq,
Hath sente the bulle of his sentence, ENVENIME. To poison. (A.-N.)
With cursynge and with entirdit. ENVIE. To vie; to contend. (A.-N.)
Cower , MS. Soc. Antiq* 134, f. 80,
ENVIRID. Inversed. (A.-N.)
ENTISE. To acquire. Gawayne. Of the Holy Cost rounde aboute envirid.
ENTONE. To tune ; to sing. (A.-N.) Lydgate, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f.27
ENTORYNGE. An interment. Myne armez are of ancestrye,
The comyn purs made Ins entorynge. Enveryde with lordez. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 71.
Qccleve, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 257, ENVIRON. (1) About ; around. (A.-N.)
ENTRADAS. Rents ; revenues. Alle hire maydenis, stondynge envyroun,
ENTRAILE. To entwine ; to fold. (Fr.) Gan even thus for to crye loude.
ENTRE. An entrance. (A.-N.) Lydgute, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f . Q.
And therwithalle namid is eterne,
(2) To go round
And
; toenverounde
alle
surround.the vale,
And at the entre so they dide wryte.
Lydgate, MS. Sw. Antiq. 134, f. 15. And voyde whenne hym likede.
ENTREAT. To write, or treat of; to treat, or MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 75,

'use one well or ill ; to obtain one's desire ; to EN VIVE. To enliven ; to excite.
entertain, or receive. Also, an entreaty. ENVOLUPED. Wrapt up. (A.-N.)
ENTRE ATMENT. Entreaty. Jonson. ENVOY. To send. Lijdgate.
ENTRECOMBNED. Entertained ? ENVY. Hatred; ill-will. This is a common
Dysportes and plays and al maner gladnesse early use of the word. Some old dramatists
Among these lusty folkes entercombned be, have it in the sense, to emulate.
With swete lovys amerous and such lustynesse, There he had gretechyvalry,
Godly rewardys with gret debonerete. He slewe hys enemys with grete envy.
MS. Cantab. Ff. i.6, f. 151. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 72.
ENTREDETEN. To handle. Skinner. ENVYNED. Stored with wine. (A.-N.)
ENTREBITEDE. Interdicted. Hearne. ENYYNTYSCHEN. To attenuate, Pr. Parv.
ENTREE. An entry. (A.-N.) ENY3N. Eyes. Lydgate.
ENTREMEDLY. Intermediately. EODE, Went. North.
So entremedly by successioun In that tyme ase ore Loverd eodg aboute,
Of bothe was the generacioun. Ane blinde man to him men broujte,
Lydgate, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 14. MS. Laud. 108, f. 1.
ENTREMEES. Dishes served in between the
EORNETH. Runneth. (A.-S.)
courses at a feast. (Fr.) EORTHLICHE. Earthly. (A.-S.)
ENTREMETTEN. To intermeddle. (A.-N.) EOW. Yes. Var. dial
ENTRESSE. Interest ; business. EOWER. Your. Salop.
ENTRETE. A plaster. EPETITE. A kind of precious stone.
It sal drawe owt the felone or the appostyme, and
alle the filthe, and hele it withowttene any entrete,
EPHESIAN. A jovial companion. A cant term,
bot new it evene and morne. MS. Line. Med. f . 302. used by Shakespeare.
ENTRICE. To render intricate. (Lat.) EPICEDE. A funeral song. (Lat.)
ENTRIES. Places in thickets where deer have EPI STOLE R. The priest at mass who chanteth
recently passed through. the epistle. (A.-N.)
ENTRIKE. To deceive; to entangle. Also, EPS. The asp tree. Kent.
occasionally, to hinder. EQUAL. Just ; impartial. Massinger.
Whereof that hee the world entriteth, EQUATE. To make equal. Palsgrave.
That many a man of him coinpleyneth. EQUELD. Equalled. Lydgate.
Gower> MS. Soc.Antiq, 134, f. 100. EQUIPENDY. A plumb-line ; a perpendicular
His mysty speche so harde is to unfolde or straight line.
That it entryJceth rederis that it see.
MS. Dighy 232, f. 2. EQUIPOLENCE. An equivalent. (A.-N.)
ENTRY. A naiTOW passage ; a lane ; a porch ; a EQUIPOLENTE. Equivalent.
For in respyte of tyme cvyrmare,
gate, or door; an entrance, or small hall. They ben nothyng cquipoUnte.
North. MS, Cantab, Ff, ii. 38 f- SI*

22
 ERI ERS
338
EQUIPOLLE. To be equal. (//.-,V.) ERINDE. An errand, or message.
Ell. Your ; or ; are ; before ; before that ; be ; ERINGOES. Were formerly considered provo.
former ; early. Arch, and Prov. catives. Seethe Citye Match, 1C39. p. 47 •
EUAN. An errand, or message. North. Chaucer Taylor's Motto, 1622.
has eraunde, Du. 134. ERKE. Weary; sick. (A.-S.)
ERAYNE. A spider. Nominate. ERLICHE. Early. Gower.
ERLOND. Ireland. Pr.Parv.
ERBER. (1) Same as arber, q. v. This is also a
field, pasture, garden, or an herbary for fur- ERME. To grieve ; to lament. (A.-S.}
nishing domestic medicines. ERMIN. Armenian. Chaucer.
In an erbcso besycle hur halle, ERMYTE. (1) Poverty; misery. (A.-S.)
That feyre and grene can spryng and sprede. (2) A hermit. Prompt. Pan.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 30,f.46.
ERN. (1)From
An eagle. North.
us he lep selcouth lijt,
He led hym to a fayre erbei;
The jatis were of clen cnstalle. Was never ern so fresshe to flnt.
MS Can tab* Ff. v. 48, f. Cursor Mu i id i, MS. Call. Tun. Cantab, f. 109.
(2) The conduit leading to the stomach. An old (2) An urn. Rob. Glouc.
hunting term.
ERBES. Herbs. Gowcr. (3) To glean. Kennett.
ERNDE. An errand. (A.-S.)
ERBO LAT. A confection made of several herbs, ERNE. (1) To run ; to flow. (4.-S.)
eggs, &c. (2) To yearn ; to desire. Ritson.
ERBO WLE. A dish composed chiefly of bullace ERNEMORWE. Early in the morning.
and honey. ERNEN. To earn ; to take. JTeler.
ERCHDEKENES. Archdeacons. (A.-N.) ERNEND. Running. (A.-S.)
ERCHEBYSSCHOPES. Archbishops. ERNES. The loose scattered ears of corn l«fi
ERCHEVESQE. An archbishop. (d.-N.) on the ground. Kennett.
Eries anil Grcheuusys, and other y-nowe. ERNEST. Zeal; studious pursuit of anvthino;
Mnrie Arthure, MS. Line. f. 53.
ERCLE. A blister. Salop. (A.-S.)
ERNESTFUL. Serious ; zealous. (A.-S.}
ERD. The earth. North. ERNESTONE. The sctites. Harrison, p. 239.
We woHe hit undirfonge ful fayn,
ERNFULL. Sad ; lamentable. Sussex.
If we Tnijt have oure erd ajayn.
Cuetar Mujtdi, MS. Coll. Tnn. Cantab, f. 134. ERNUTE. An earth-nut. Elyot.
EROR. Former. Hearne.
ERBE. To dwell ; to inhabit. (A.-S.) EROUST. First. (A.^S.)
ERDEZ. Lands. Gawayne*
ERRABLE. Arable. Arch. xi. 216.
ERDON. An errand. Cow. Myst.
ERD-SHREW. A shrew-mouse. Topsell. ERRxlNDE. Wandering. (A.-N.)
Evyr he rode forthe ei-madr,
ERDYLY. Earthly. Ritson. Tyll he come to Momorant.
ERDYN. Earthen. (A.-S.) MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. .'}«, f. JJ0.
ERE. (1) To plough. (A.-N.) ERRA-PATER. An eminent Jewish astrologer ;
(2) Before ; previously. at least, so say some of the old almamics.
A kynge and a man childe conceyved at her ere. The name was sometimes used for an al-
MS. Cott. Calig. A. ii. f, 110.
manac. Lilly was also so called bv Butler.
(3) An ear. (A.-S.) ERRATES. Faults. JMl
For wharme the schipmen ley an ere
Unto the voyce in here avis, ERRATIKE. Wandering (A.-N.)
They weneit be a paradis. ERRAUNT. Strolling. (A.-N.)
Goiver, MS. Sac* Antiq. 134, f. 41. ERRE. A sore ; a pock-mark.
ERE ABLE. Arable. Huhet. Thee^-e* of hys wowndessal spoke
Agayne the, and of the ask wreke.
ERE-LAPPE. The lower part of the ear. (A.~S?> Hamptile, MS. Botvft, p, 165.
See MS. Line. f. 304.
Stankc and roten mine erres ere ira,
ERELLE. An earl. (A.-S.) J»/,V. Cott. VfSfKu. D. vii. f. 2(5.
EREMITE, A hermit. Lydgate. EiUlESDEKEN. An archdeacon.
EREN. Ears. (A.-S.) ERIUN. Urine. Devon.
ERENYE. Sand. Pr. Pan.
ERRISH. Wheat stubbie. Kent.
EREOS. Love. Chaucer.
EHRIWIGGLE. An car-wig. East.
ERE-ROWNERYS. Secret whisperers. (4,-S.) ERROUR. Course ; running. (A.-N.)
It is goode that evevry lorde of the comuntes that
he bs not lad bi folis, non bi noon otii\r ere-rownery*. EHRYD. Wandered. Lyfc/afc.
Wimbetton's Sermon, 1388, MS, Hatton 57, p. 11.
ERS. The fundament. (A.-S.)
ERGE. To tease, or vex. West. ERSDEKNE. An archdeacon. (J.-S)
ERGOS. Same as Argos, q. v,
EHSH. Stubble. Kent.
ERIE. To honour; to revere. (A.-S,} ERSMERT. Culeragc. See an early, list of
JSRIEN. To plough. (A.-S.) plants in MS. Sloan e 5, f. 4.
We tille na lande, ne eryes, ne sawes, no j-ikes ERST. First ; formerly. (A.-S.) At erst, at
cother ox ne horse in plughe ne in carte, tie nett first, for the first time.
caste we nan« in the. see f.>r to take fysche. Than non erst he <lrew his hatt
MS. Linmfn A. i. 17, f ,1:? Into the benke ende.
SRIGE. Straw, or stubble. Line. MS. Cantttb. Ff. v. 48, f. #>.
 ESC 339
ERSWORT. The herb mouse-car. Sec a list of And in thy lawe so despende,
plants in MS. Sloane 5, f. 8. That vajne glorye y schalle eschive.
Cower t MS, Soc. Antiq, 134, f. 58.
ERTAGE. Heritage. Hearne.
ERTE. (1) Art. Somerset. ESCHTE. Asked. (A.-S.)
Jhesu Criste, have mercy one me, ESCLAUNDER. Slander ; reproach.
Als thou eite kynge of magestcS. No worschip may he to hymselfe conquere,
MS* Lincoln A. i. 17, f* 213. But grete esdaunder unto hym and her.
Chaucer, MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 60.
(2) To urge ; to compel.
ERTHEDOUNE. An earthquake. (A.-S.) E SCORCHES. Animals that were flayed. An
Whenne this testament was in wrytynge bifore old hunting term.
Alexander, sodeynly ther come a thonnere and a ESCOTED. Paid ; supported. Shaft.
levennynge, and ane erthcdoime rijte a hedous, so ESCRIED. Observed; descried.
that alle Babyloyne qwoke therwith, ESCRITE. A writing. (A.-N.)
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 48.
ESCUAGE. Service. (A.-N.}
ERTHE-GALLE. The herb centaury. E SCULPED. Sculptured. Hall.
JKRTHELES. Without earth. (A.-S.) ESE. (1) Ease; pleasure; to accommodate; to
URTHEMOVINGE. An earthquake. (A.-S.) be pleased. (A.-N.)
dRTHEN. Previously. (A.-S.) (2) Bait for fishes. Nominale MS.
ERTHESMOK. Fumus terras, the name of a ESEMENT. Relief. Chaucer.
plant given in MS. Sloane 5, f. 5. ESENDROPPERS. Eavesdroppers. See the
ERTHGRINE. An earthquake. (A.-S.) Fraternitye of Vacabondes, 1575.
ERTHGRYTHE. An earthquake. (A.-S.) ESH. (1) Stubble ; aftermath. Surrey.
ERTHING. Burial. North.
He had his eldmoder maiden-hede, '2) To ask.A pail.
5SHIN. Also, North.
an ash tree. North.
And at his erthing alle lede*
MS. Cott. Vespas. A. iii. f. 8. ESHORNE. Cut in two. Chesh.
ESHINTLE. A pailful.
(A.-S.)
ERTHSTANE. The hearth-stone. (A.-S.) Why Iiast thou this sak thus eshorne,
ERTINE. To irritate ; to provoke. Now is it spylt and thou hast it lorn?.
ERTOU. Art thou? (A.-S.) MS. Laud. 41D, f. 47.
ERVE. An inheritance. (A.-S.) ESHTJK. A hook at the extremity of a waggon-
Hit werketh wonder! iche, horse's traces, in the form of an S. West.
And erves givcth t-ikerlich. ESIE. Gentle ; light. Chaucer.
MS. Hart. 7322, ap. Cat. iii. 525. ESILICH. Gently. Chaucer.
ERY. Every. Var. dial. ESK. A newt ; a lizard. North.
ERYDAY. Every day. Pr. Paw. ESKING. Thepentice. Line.
ERYE ? The earth. Pr. Parv.
ESKIP. To equip, as with men, &e.
ERYN. Iron. Lydgate. ESKRIE. Aery. Hall.
Y saghe hym bere upp on hys krowne, ESLE. To ask. Hearne.
Brynnyng eryn that bare hym downe.
MS. Harl. 1701, f. 10. ESLOYNE. To remove. Spenser.
ERYNDE. An errand. Ititson. ESMAYE. To astonish. (A.-N.)
This womman woche com so esmaj/edt,
ERYS. Ears. Sometimes, years. Ansueryd with fuJle soffte speche.
Wode has erys, fylde has sijt, MS. Cantab. Ff.i. 6,f. 7.
Were the forster here now right
And thus wexe I withinne wroth,
Thy wordis shuld like the ille.
MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 49, -That outwarde I am alle affrayed,
ERYSCHEMEN. Irishmen. And so destemprid and esmayed.
Gower, MS, Sue. Antiq. 134, f. 84.
ERYTACHE. Heritage. Arch. xxii. 369. ESP. The asp tree. North.
ERYYNE ? Earthen. Pr. Parv. Tak the barke of the esp, and the rote of walvort,
ERZELL. Herself. Somerset. of ayther i-like mykel, and stampe thame wele, and
ESBATEMENT. A play, or pastime. (A.-N.) do it in a clene vessel. Med. Rec. MS. Bright, f. 14.
ESCAPE. A transgression. Shaft. Explained ESPECCION. Especial. (A.-N.)
by Blount, " a violent or privy evasion out of ESPECE. A small portion. Caxton.
some lawful restraint." ESPERANCE. Hope ; expectation. (A.-N.)
ESCHAR. A newt. North.
ESPEYRE. Expectation. (A.-N.^
ESCHAUFE. To make hot. (A.-N.) To putten Rome in fulle &pw*
ESCHAUNGE. Exchange. (A.-N.) That Moris was apparaunt eyre.
ESCHE. An ash-tree. Pr. PGTV. Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. J34, ,f. 71,
ESCHEKERE. Chess. Also, the exchequer. Thus stante envye in good etpeyre.
ESCHELE. Troop ; company. (A.-N.) To ben himselfe the develis eyre, MS. Jbid. f.82.
ESCHEN. Made of ash. Salop. ESPIAILLE. Spying; private watching, (A.-N.)
ESCHETES. Escheats. (A.-N.} ESPIAL. A spy. Gower.
ESCHEWE, To stir ; to move ; to go. ESPICE. To look ; to observe.
The kyng chaungez his fote, ESPICERIE. Spices. (A.-N.)
Eschewes a lyttille. ESPIB An overlooker. Hall.
MS. Lincoln A. 1. 17, f. 65. ESPIN. The asp tree. North.
ESCHIVE. To eschew; to shun. (A.-N.) ESPIRITUBLL. Spiritual ; heavenly. (^-M)
 EST 10 £TH
And fyl hyt at an esterne,
ESPLOIT. Advantage. (A.-N.) TIi.it a preat shul none outlier wcrno. 1701, f.f,7
The seyle goth uppe and forth they straujte,
SIS. Hart.
But none esptozi therof they cai^te.
ESTIMATE. Estimation; value.
Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 151. ESTITE. As well. North.
ESPOIRE. Hope. Chaucer. ESTOC. A small stabbing sword.
ESPOUSE. Spouse; wife. Hall ESTOPPED. Stopped. Hall
ESP RED. Spread. Sidney. ESTRADIOTS. French dragoons.
ESPRINGOLD. An engine used for throwing ESTRAINGER. A stranger. (/>.)
large stones in sieges. (A.-N.)
ESPKYSED. Taken. (A.~N.) ESTRE. Wlmt
(1) State;
schal Icondition. (./.-A'.)
telIeuntoSjl\p-,trof
ESQUAYMOUS. Equal (?).
That many one are so daungerous, Or of jour name or of jour >\--t,<- X
And outeof mesure esqtfat/mws.
MS. Harl. 1701, f. 48. (2) A circumstance. (-'/.-*V.)
ESQUIP. Same as Es&ip, q. v. ( --/.-A".)
(3) Court ; street ; town.
ESQUIRE. An esquire of the body, an attendant
So long he levcd in that <"•//?*,
That for hys name he hjjt Tunccstre, MX.Hn.-l, 17111, f. 70.
a knight who carried his helmet, spear,
upon shield.
and
ESTRES. The inward parts of a buiUlincr; cham-
ESS. Ashes, or a place under the grate to re-
ceive them in. North. bers;walks;
See Will, passages
and Wcnv, in a garden.
p. Gt. (./.-A".1*
ESSAY. Same as Assay, q. v. ESTRETE. A street.
ESSE. (1) To ask. Hearne. Towarde this vice of whidio we trt'tc,
(2) Ease. Ritson. There ben jit twcye of thilke r^tn'ft',
(3) Is. MS. Cott. Vespas. D. vii. f. 2.
ESSES. (1) The collar of SS, or esses, worn by ESTRICH-BOARPS. Doal-ImnnK t'\j.<»rti'tl
Knights of the-Garter. from the Eastern countries, [Au>tria ? "
(2) Large worms. Kent. ESTRICHE. Reserved; haughty. /./^,V.^
JESSEW. Issue. Bale.
ESSEX-LION. A calf. Grose. ESTRICH-FALCON. A speeies'of
mentioned in the old inctric.il liir>*> of
rumunre talt'o;*,
Ciiiy
ESSEX-STILE. A ditch. Grose. of Wanvick. Shakespeare seents to allude tt>
ESSHEKED. Asked. Hearne. this bird in Ant. and Cleop. iii. 1 1. wirittr/v.
ESSHET. Asked. Hearne. ESTRIDGE. An ostrich. Marnier,
ESSHOLE. An ash-bin. North. ESTROITS. Narrow cloths. (/•>.)
ESSOINE. An excuse. (A.-N.)
But jit for strengthe of matrimonye, ESTUF.
ESTUIFE. Stuff; household goods.
A pocket-casc. < /->.) 'ttalL
He rnyjte make none essoigne.
Gowe>\ MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. M>, ESUE. Soft.
ESY. To escape.
Prompt.U.-A*.)
Paw.
ESSTE. Asked. Hearne. ESYNE. Stcrcoro. Pr. Pan\
ESSYSE. Habit ; custom. R. de Brunne. ET. (I) Eat ; even, ffwne.
EST. (1) Eatest. Hearne. (2) At ; to ; that. Nort/t.
(2) Host. Weler. ETAYNE. A giant, (./.-.v.)
(3) Love ; munificence. (A.-S.) Fyf he «aUJ» tho« fotilcf thou ftaitti^l
They wroght hyra raekylle woo, Alle my knyghtcs thot* g;irte IK* khyw,
As y yow say, be Goddys est. *V.V. Llnfi<l» A, ». 17, f. I3»L
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 80.
ETCH. (1) Stubble. Ttmrr.
ESTABLIE. A guard. (A.-N.) (2) To eke out; to augment. A>«/.
ESTAFET. A footman. (Span.) ETE. Eat. Soynmtet.
ESTALLED. Installed. (A.-N.) The ftchepcniuf^tf tUic
She was translated eternally to clwclle A/.V.that li*' hwattr.
CitnMf: II. v. 415, f, M*
Amonge sterres, where that slie is entailed. ETERMYNABLE. Itttenninablf,
MS.DigbyZW. ETERNAL. Infernal ; damned, M\/.
ESTANDABT. A standard. Hall. ETERNH. Everlasting, (Lat.)
ESTASION. A shop, or stall. < A.-N.) Now be wdle ware that thou have not mittli4ik«'
ESTATE. State ; condition ; a wealthy person ; Hire tendir ^ovgthe fro Gml that ii rtw «<*.
administration of government ; an obeisance, l#Agntet JtfA'. fbr* Jutty. 131, f, rt.
ESTATELICH. Stately. Chaucer. Lydgatehas ETEYED. Tied ; gartered, CAauwr.
estatly, Minor Poems, p. 4. ETH. Earth. Also, a hearth, Jf >#/.
ESTATUTE. A statute. Hall
ESTCHEKER. A chess-hoard. ETHE. (1) Easy; easily, (,<„&) See Mow'i
Supplycacyon of Soulvs, f* 12.
Andalle be hit that In that place square
Of the listes, I mene the estcheJcer. ETHEN. Ilenee.
Qcdeve, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 263.
(2) To ask.
ETHER. - a<ld«r,
(1) An
ESTEAD. Instead. North.
ESTELIiACIOUN. Astrology. (A.-N.) (3)
(2) To
The bind
air orhedges
sky. "with flexible rods caHe4
ESTFRE. State. Hertrne. ethers, or et/izrinys. Alao, a hedge. (^»«EV
ESTERNE. From A.-N. &tre?

(4) Either; each. ' ' "

 EVE
341 EVE
ETHSCHAPE. To escape. Hampole. EVEN-AND-UDD. A game played by tossing
ETHSTE. Asked. Hearne.
ETHYNDEL. Half a bushel. Pr. Parv. ; Florio,See
142 coins.
up Cleaveland's Poems, "l660, p.
p. 358.
ETON. Eat, pi. (A.-S.) EVEN-CR1STEN. A fellow-Christian, or neigh-
ETOW. In two. North. bour. See Hamlet, v, i.
In the whilke es forbudcne us alle manere ot
ETRAATH. Truly • in truth. Craven.
ETRIDE. Tried. Higgins. lesynges, false consperacje and fal«e sweryng,
ETTER. Same as Atter, q. v. whare thurghe oure everte-Ciut^ttti may le*e tha^re
catelle. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 21*.
ETTETHE. The eighteenth. Hearne.
ETTICK. Hectic. (Fr.) Etticlc fever, an old EVEN-DOWN. Downright. North. Perhaps
phrase for the ague. connected with evenden, in Syr Gawayue.
ETTIN. Same us Etayne, q. v. " An eten in
EVENE.
(2) An ear(1)of Evenly;
corn. Med. equally. (A.-S.) '
ich a fight," Sir Tristrem, p. 178.
ETTLE. (1) A nettle. West. EVENE-FORTH. Equally. (A.-S.)
(2) To deal out sparingly. North. EVENELICHE. Evenly; equally. (A.-S.)
(3) To prepare ; to set in order ; to intend. ; to EVENES. Equity. Lydgate.
try ; to attempt ; to contrive ; to earn ; to de- EVEN-PLAVOURED. Unmixed; unvaried;
uniform. Suffolk.
sign to
; linger, or delay. North. c- Ettclles
to bee overlyng," i. e. designs to be conqueror, EVEN-FORWARD. Directly forward ; in con-
MS. Morte Arthure, f. 58. tinued succession. North.
ETTLEMENT. Intention. North. EVENHEDE. Equality ; equity. (A.-S.}
ETTLINGS. Earnings ; wages. North. EVENINE. Equitable. (A.-S.)
ETTWEE. A sheath, or case, for holding small EVENINGS. The delivery at evening of a cer-
'instruments. (Fr.) tain portion of grass or corn to a customary
ETTYS. Eats. North. tenant. Kennett.
That es to saye, that ettysme, jitt hungres thaym, EVENLESTEN. The herb mercury
and thay that drynkes me, fit thristis thayra. EVENLIGHT. Twilight.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 193, Anoue sche bidt me go awey.
ETYK. A fever. Lydgate. And sey it is ferr in the nyght,
EUBIDES. The Hebrides. Drayton. And I swere It is evenlight.
EUGHT. Owed. North. MS. Cantab. Pf. i. 6, f. 66.
EUPHUISM. An affected style of speaking EVENLIKE. Equal ; equally. (A.-S.)
and writing introduced at the close of the
sixteenth century by Lilly, who set the fashion EVENLINESS. Of Equality.
EVENOLDE. 'Fairfax.
the same age. (A.-S.)
in works entitled, Euphues, or the Anatomy EVENSONGS. Vespers. '(A.-S.)
of Wit, and Euphues and his England, which EVENTOUR. Adventure. Weber.
are replete with absurd jargon and bombast. EVEN-WHILE. Even-time. W. Werw.
These books were completely the fashion for EVENYNG. Equal; just, (A.-S.}
the time, and their immortality vainly pre- EVER. (1) However. Hearne.
dicted bythe author's contemporaries. (2) At any time. Far. dial.
EURE. Use ; custom ; ure. Malory, ii. 25. (3) Always. (A.-S.) Ever in on, continually in
EUROSE. Rose water. (A.-N.) the same manner. Ever so long, a great while.
EUTRIR. To pour out. Devon. (4) Rye-grass. Devon.
EV. Have. North. (5) An opening stile. Glouc.
EVANGELETT-VATS. Cheese-vats, so called EVER-AMONG. See Amonge.
from being charged with the images of the EVER-EITHER. Both. Wickliffe.
saints which were to be imprinted on the EVEREMAR. Evermore. (A.-S.)
cheeses. Suffolk. EVERFERNE. Wall fern. Gerard.
EVANGILES. The Gospels. (A.-N.) EVERICH, Each one ; every one. (A.-S.)
EVANS. A she -cat, said to be so called from a EVERIDEL. Every part. (A.-S.) M
witch of that name. EVERLASTING. (1) American cudweed.
EVAT. A newt. Somerset. (2) A kind of strong stuff formerly much worn
EVE. (1) To become damp. West. by sergeants.
(2) A hen-roost. Somerset. EVERNE. Ever; however. Hearne.
EVECK. A goat. (Lat.) EVERROSE. Rose water. (A.-N.)
EVELING. The evening. Devon. EVERUCHDEL. Every part. (^.-&)
EVELLES, Without evil. (A.-S.) EVERY. (1) A species of grass. West.
EVELONG. Oblong. Wrongly printed enelong (2) Every each, every other, alternate ; every
in Pr. Parv. p, 46. foot anon, every li&e, every now and then ;
EVEMEN. Evening. Dorset. every whips while, now and then ; every whip
EVEN, (1) To compare. West. and again, ever and anon ; every year's land,
(2) Equal ; to equal, or make equal. land whici will "bear crops every year.
The multitude of the Percienes, quod he, may EVERYCHONE. Everyone. (J.-S.)
nojte be evend to the multitude of the Grekes, for The chylde turnyd hym abowte wyth woundes redd,
•ewily we are nrui than thay. And blessyd the pepull everychtme.
MS. Lincoln A.1J7, f. 19. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f, 4/,
 EXA 342 EXP
EVESE. The eaves of a house. (A.-S.) EXBURSE. To disburse, or discharge.
EVESED. Afraid. Lydyate. EXCALIBOUR. The name of lung
EVESINGE. Eaves. Huloet. sword, frequently mentioned.
EVESTERRE. Evening star. Pr. Parv, EXCHEVE. To eschew, or shnn. (A.-N.)
EVET. A newt. West. See Huloet, 1552; EXCISE. To impose upon; to overcharge.
Kyng Alisaunder, 6126. Var. dial.
EVICTED. Dispossessed. (Lot.) EXCLAIM. An exclamation. Shak.
EVID. Heavied ; made heavy. EXCOMMENGE. To excommunicate. (A.-N.)
EVIL. (1) A halter. Grow. See Stanihnrst, p. 26.
(2) A fork, as a hay-fork, £c. West. EXCOURSE. AH expedition. (Lat.}
EVIL-EVE. An eye which charms. Supersti- EXCREMENT. Anything that grows from the
tious people suppose that the first mornin human body, as hair, nails, &c.
glance of him who has an evil eye is certain EXCUSATION. Au excuse. (Lat.)
destruction toman or beast, if not immediate, Ser, je muste the sothe sey me trewly
at least eventually, Withowtyn excusacion yn eny wysse aleyde.
EVITE. To avoid. (Lat.) MS. Cantab. Ff. i. G, f. 143.
EXCUSEMENT. An excuse.
JEVORYE. Ivory. Weber. So thilke excusement was none.
EVOUR. MS. Soc Aittiq. I34; f. 45.
And theIvory." Lydgate.
jates of the palace ware of evow, wonder EXCYTATE. To excite. Hall.
whitt, and the banclez of tliame and the legges of
ebene. SIS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 25, EXE. An axe. East.
EVYL. A disease ; a fit of madness ; to fall ill, EXECUTION. The sacking of a town. -Nans.
or sick. EXECUTOUR. An executioner. Rvecntrice,
Sone aftyr'vard she ev>,'7d, a female executioner. (A.-N.)
And tleyd sunner tlianshe wylde. EXEMPLAIRE. Exemplary. (A.-N.)
MS. Hatl. 1701, f. 53. EXEMPT. Taken away. Sltak.
EVYI.Y, Heavily ; sorrowfully. EXEN. Oxen. North.
EVYN. Evening. Gower. EXEQUY. Funeral Sidney.
EVYN-LY5TIIUS. Twilight. (A.-S.) EXERCISES. Week-day sermons, so callod by
EW. Yew. (A.-S.) SeeReliq, Antiq. i. 7. the Puritans.
EWAGE. Some kind of stone, or amulet. See EXERPED. Drawn out. TopselL
Piers Ploughman, p. 29. EXHALE. To drag out. Shak.
EWARE. A water-bearer. Pr. Parv. EXHERIDATE. To disinherit. It seems also
EWE. Owed. Sttfott. to mean, to hate or detest.
EWE-GQWAN. The common daisy. North. EXHIBITION. Stipend ; allowance. The term
EWER. An udder. North. is still used at the universities.
EWERY. The place \vliere the ewers for wash- EXIDEMIC. An epidemic. Hall.
ing the hands before and after meals were EXIGENT. Exigence ; difficulty. Also, a writ
kept. Ord. and Reg. p. 4. that lies where the defendant in an action
EWFRAS. A herb. Arch. xxx. 377. personal cannot be found.
EWGH. A yew. West, EXILE. Poor ; lean ; endowed wllh small re-
venues. (Lat.)
Next to it a dravJng-roome, whose floor i? chec-
quered like a cheese- boa id, with box and ewgh pan- EXLE. An axle. Florio,p, 67.
nslli of about ?ix inches square.
EXORCISATIONS. Exorcisms. (A.-N.}
Aubiet/'s Wilts, Royal Sac. MS. p. 263. EXP AN S- YE RES. Single years, with the mo-
EWN". An oven. North. tions of the heavenly bodies answering to
E-WONNE. Won. (^.-£) them. Chaucer.
In loves art men must deypc wade,
EXPECT. To suspect ; to conclude ; to suppose ;
Or that ye be conqueiyd aucj e-wonne.
MS. Fail fax 16. to believe ; to wait ; to tarry ; expectation.
EWTE. (1) To pour water. Exmoor. EXPECTAUNT. Waiting. (A^N.)
(2) A newt. Maundcmle. EXPECTION. Expectation. " With so much
E \YYNS. Hewings, Arch. x. 93. expection" The Bride, 1640, sig. B. ii.
EX. (1) An axle, or axis. West. EXPEDIENCE. Expedition; celerity. Shalt.
(2) To ask. Glouc. and Dwon. Also, an enterprise, or undertaking. Expe-
EXAKERLY. Exactly. Var. dial. dient, quick.
EXALTATE. Exalted. (Lai.) EXPEND UNTUR. In old works, an account o!
Everyman wilneth to be exaltate, the things expended.
Thouje he be gret, jit heyer wolde he goo. EXPERTFULL. Expert; skilful.
Occteve, MS. <Soc Antiq. 134, f. 2fll. EXPIATE. Expired. Shak.
EXALTATION. A planet was said to be in its EXPIRE. To exhaust, or wear out.
exaltation, when it was in thai sign of the EXPLATE. To explain, or unfold. Jonson,
zodiac in which it was supposed to exert its viii. 431. Perhaps a form biexpleite, or ex~
strongest influence. plott, q. v. We have expleiten in A Propiiesie
EXAMETRON. An hexameter verse. of Cadwallader, 1604.
EXAMPLER. A sampler. Palsgrave. EXPLEITE. To perform; to finish j to com-
EXAN. The herb cross wort. Gerard. pletc i to assist. (A.-N.)
 EYE & KYU
This wcrlv texpleyte that ye nat relume,
E\EABLE. JSigutiy. A'ord/*.
Butmaketh Clyo for to beu my muse. EYE-BITE. To bewitch uu ariu«il with the
MX.Di&njVM; L 1. evil eye. North.
So lete thy grace to me di^ende adoun, EYE-BREEN. The eyebiovrs. Lam,
My rude tonge to ezpltte and spede.
JUS. Sue. Antiq. 134, f. 2.EYE-BREKES. E>ehds. .\orth.
EXPLOIT. To perform. Holmshed, Cliion. EYE-GRASS. Old pasture ground, that lias
been long without being eaten. Glouc.
Ireland, p. 148. Also, to apply one's self to EYEN. Eyes. (^.-£.)
anything. Palsgrave. E YER. Heir ; heiress ; air.
EXPOSTULATE. To inquire. Shak. EYERIE. Same as Airy, q. v.
EXPOSTURE. Exposure. Shak. EYES. Ice.
EXPOUNEN. To expound ; to explain. (A.-N.) Be war, I rede, thou stondest ou the we,.
EXPULSE. To expel, or drive out. (Lat.) MS. Soc. AM\q. 134, L 255.
EXPURGE. To purge, or cleanse out.
EXQUIRE. To inquire. Chapman. EYE-SORE. A blemish ; any disagieeable ob-
ject. Var. dial.
EXSUFFLICATE.
EXTABLE. Contemptible,
Acceptable. (t'.at.)i. 815. E\ET. (1) To eat. Wanv.
State Papers,
EXTEND. To value the pioperty of any one (2) A small island, or ait. Kennetz.
Vvho has forfeited his bond; to appiaise; to EYEof VANG. A strap or stay to which the girt
the saddle is buckled. JDevon.
seize. A law term.
E YGER. Sharp ; sour. (Fr.)
EXTENDOUR. A surveyor; one TV ho extends EYG1IE. Fear. Gyof TTarw. p. 13.
property.
EXTENT. A valuation, or seizure. Hence, a EYGHTE. Possessions. (4.-S.)
violent attack. EYH. An eye. Brume's Travels, p. Io2. £y/ien,
EXTERMINION. Extermination. See Hall, EYHE. MS. Cott. Vespas. D. vii.
A handle, or haft.
Henry VII. f. 23. EYKAKE. A kind of cake compounded with
EXTERN. External; outward. Nares.
EXTIRP. To extirpate. (Lat.) eggs. Pr. Parv,
EXTRAUGHT. Extracted. Hall. EYL. An ear of corn. Translated by acus in
MS. Lansd. 560, f. 45.
EXTRAVAGANT. Wandering. Shak.
EXTRE. An axletrce. East. EYLDE.liver up. To yield; to return; to give, or de-
'\ he firmament and al^o eveiy speie, E YLDEN. Went. Chester Plays, ii. 72.
Tne golden ejctie and the sttrre:« se\cn.
Lydgute, MS. Jthntule 3f>, f. 33. EYLDYNGE.
EYLE.
Fuel. Pr. Parv.
An island. North.
EXTHEAT.
EXTRESS. Extraction.
To draw out. (Fr.)(Lot.) ' EYLEN. To ail. (.£-£.)
EXTRUCTION. Destruction. Hey wood. Syj Lancelot ei/7i/the nothynge but godf,
He slulle be hole by pryme of day.
EXULATE. To banish. (Lat.) An exile, Har- MS. Hatl. 2252, f. 132.
duig's Chron. f.To189.
EXUPERATE. overbalance. What ei,led me, why was I wade,
That I cowth so IittJlugode?
EXURE. To assure. (A.-N.) jl/S. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 55.
Passith pleynly and also doeth exeede
The wytteof man, I doo you well euw. EYLI ADS. Ogles ; \\ anton looks. (/>'.)
Lydgate, MS. AshmoieSi), f. 55. EYLSUM. AVholcbome ; sound.
EXUS. Axes. Degre\aiit, 325. EYLYKE. Elsewhere. Legate.
EYLYNE. To withstand. Pr. Pare.
EY. (1) Aye ; yes ; ah ! Nortii.
EYMANENT. Directly opposite. Went,
* My
ThatI thoght
nae&se the Xnjjt, loi>gya
atthecherche herd gone,
y none. EYMERY. Ashes. Pr. Parv.
MS. H,*tl. 1701, f.20. EYNE. (1) Eyes. North.
(2) An egg. (^.-5.) (2) A thicket ? MS. Morte Aithure.
EYANE. Again. Degrevant, 431. EYNKE. Ink. Hantpofo.
EYAS. A young hawk lecently talven out of EY-QWYT. The white of egg. (.-J..S.)
the nest. Eyasmwket, a joungmale sparrow- EYRAR. A brood of swans. Sometimes, the
hawk ; and hence, mctaphoilcally, a boy. bird itself.
EYDENT. Diligent. North. EYRE. Grace ; haste ; speed ; air ; to plough ;
EYDUR. Either. North. to go ; to move ; an heiress, or heir ; to breed,
Alle arownde, lyke a frere, &s hawks do.
And then ovyrth wart to eydur eie.
MS. Cantab. Ff, n. 38, f. 241. EYREN.
EYRISH.
Eggs. Sec Introduction.
Aerial. Chaucer.
EYE. (1) A small tint of colour, just enough to EYRONDE. Erected. Holme.
see. See Nares in v.
EYRONE. Eggs, as eyren, q. v.
(2) A brood of pheasants, far. dial. A wowndyt man schal kepe hym that he jete na
(3) The mouth of a pit.. North. cheese, ne botur, ne cyro»t; ne fysche of the ste, ue
(4) Water. Somerset. An outlet for water from fruytte, ne fiesche, but of abut that is gtldit; and
a drain. East, he moot kepe him fro flcsohc-ly talent wythe wym-
(5) To observe minutely. Essex. men. Med. Rw. JHA'. & igM, f. Itt
(6) Awe ; fear ; power, EYRUS, Years. Hearne.
 FAD 344 FAG
EYSE. Ease. See Langtoft, p. 68. The terms seems to be retained in the Lanca-
J the se wepynge alle weyes, shire word aghendole, eight pounds of meal,
Whenne thou shuldes be best at eys.
Cufnor Mundi, MS. Coll. Tiin. Cantab, f. 65.
more usually •wuttennactiendote, although the
derivation is probably from aghtand, q. v.
EYSEMENTES. Conveniences. EYTH. Easy; easily. (4.-S.)
EYSTEH. . An oyster. Eel. Ant. i. 85. EY3IRE. The air. Pr. Pan.
EYTE. Eight, Cov. Myst. EY3THE. Eight. Pr. Parv.
EYTENDE. The eighth. Lydgate. E3ENEN. Eyes. See Wright's Lyric Poetry,
EYTENDELE. Half a bushel, or the eighth p. 39. Eje, St. Brandan, p. 3.
part of a coomb, whence the term. Pr, Parv. E3EVER. Ever. Audelay, p. 26.

.
FA. (1) Very fast. North (4) A coloured ball. Line.
(2) A foe ; an enemy. (5) To be busy about trifles. Line,
The countas said, alias !
FADDLE. (1) A pack, or bundle. We&t.
3e hafe bene laog faas. MS. Lmc&ln A. i. 17, f. 137.
(2) To dandle ; to cherish. Scott.
FAA. Few. FADDY. Frivolous. West. Also the name of a
Eftyr a fact dayes, he apperyde tille ane that was Cornwall dance.
famyhare tille hym in hys lyfc, anil sayde that ho
-was dampnede. MS. Lincoln A. i 17, f- 194. FADE. (1) Sad; sorrowful. (4.-N.)
FAAT. A fault. Craven. (2) Dirty ; disagreeable. (A.-N.)
Of proud wymmen wuld y telle,
FABBIN. Flattering. North. But they are so wrothe and fVlle,
FABLE. Idle discourse. (A.-N.) Of these that are so foule and fade,
FABRICATURE. Making. (Lzt.) That make hem feyrere than God hem made.
FABRICK-LANDS. Lands given towards the MS.HailAtUl, f. 22.
maintenance, building, or repair of churches (3) Strong ; powerful. This seems to be the
or cathedrals. meaning in Perceval, and SirTristrem, p. 145.
FABURDEN. A high sounding tone or noise Perceval, 1440, conquered?
that fills the ear.
FACCHE. To fetch. Ritson. (4) To vanish. Shah.
FADED. Tainted j decayed. North.
FACE. (1) To brag ; to vaunt • to boast ; to rail FADER. A father. (A.-S.)
at any one. To face one with a lie, to make FADGE. (1) To put together ; to fare ; to suit ;
him believe it is true. To face one out or to fit ; to agree ; to proceed ; to succeed.
down, to put him down by positive assertions. (2) A small flat loaf, or thick cake; to beat, or
(2) To face about, a military term, meaning to thrash ; a bundle ; a fagot, North.
wheel to the rear.
(3) An irregular pace. Line.
^3) Harm ; consequence. Weber. FADGEE. To work, or fag. Devon.
(4) Foes ; enemies. FADGY. Corpulent ; unwieldy. North.
Sir, God base sent the that grace, FADING. The name of an Irish dance, arid also
That thou hase vencuste thi/uce.
MS. Lincoln. A. i. 17, f. 132. the burden of a popular Irish song of a licen-
tious kind. Hence, sometimes, a burden of a
(5) A term at the game of Primero, to stand
boldly upon a card. See the Trial! of Wits, song is so called.
FADME. A fathom. Lydgate. AUo a verb, to
1604, p. 112. Whence came the phrase to fathom, to encompass.
face it with a card of ten, to face anything FADOM. A fathom. DeMcer.
out by sheer impudence.
FACED-CARD. A court-card. West FADOODLE. JFutuo. ^JDekker.
FAEBERRY. See Feaoerries.
FACER. An impudent person ; a boaster. Also, FAED. Faded. Towneley Myst.
a bumper of wine.
FAEES. Foes ; enemies.
FACETE. Choice; fine. (Lat.)
FACHELL. A small dagger ? Kempe. Hym thare be ferde for nofueea,
That swylke a folke ledcs.
FACHOrT. A falchion, or sword, (A.-N.) SIS. Lmctiln A. i. 1?, f. 57-
FACIIUR. To grow like in feature. West.
FACKS. By my faith! Devon. FAEGANG. A gang of beggars. North.
FAERIE. The nation of Fairies ; enchantment,
FACON. Afaulcon. Torrent, p. 21.
the work of Fairies . (A.-N.)
FACONDE. Eloquent ; attractive (A.-N.) Also
a substantive, eloquence. FAFF, To move violently. North.
FACOND10US. Eloquent. Caxton. FAFFLE. To stutter, or stammer; to saunter;
FACRERE. Dissimulation. to trifle ; to fumble. North. See Baret, 1580,
Ferst ben enformed for to leere F. 19 ; Hollyband's Diet. 1593.
A, craft which clewed is fact v> e. FAFT. Fought. Craven.
Cower, MS. BwH. 294. FAG. (1) A sheep-tick. Line.
FACULTE. Quickness ; readiness (Lat.) (2) To beat, or thrash. Also, to be sent about on
FAD. (1) Fashioned. North. errands. A schoolboy 's term.
'2) A tri&ing whim. Warm. (3) A knot in cloth. JBlount.
(3) A truss of straw, Vm\ dial FAGAKY. A vagary. Hall
 345 FAL
FAX
FAGE. To deceive by falsehood or flattery. broom. Fairy -circles, fatry-rings, or fairy-
(A.-S.) Also, deceit, flattery. See Lydgate, dances, circles of coarse green grass often seen
p. 27Ther
; Hardyng's Chron. f. 54. in meadows and downs, and attributed to the
is no more dredfulle pestelens, dancing of the fairies ; Aubrey's Wilts, Royal
Thaue is tonge that can flatere and fage. Soc. MS. p. 77. Fairy-dart, a small flint or
MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 128. fossil shaped in the form of a dart, or perhaps
So that no wyjte/^ may no fayne,
Tofore the ye of thy sapience.
an ancient arrow-head ; there is a curious su-
Lyigatu, MS, Sac. Antiq. 134, f. 7- perstitious account of one in MS. Addit. 4811,
FAGGING. Reaping, or cutting the stubble f. 23. Fairy groats, a country name for cer-
with a short scythe. West. tain old coins, mentioned in Harrison's Eng-
FAGGS. Fain ; gladly. Kent. More generally land, p.218. Fairy -loaves, or fairy-faces,
explained %& fades, q. v. fossil echini. Fairy-money, found treasure.
FAGH. Fought. Weber. Fairy-pipes, small old tobacco-pipes, fre-
FAGIOLI. French beans. (Ital} quently found in the North of England. Fairy-
FAGOT. (1) A contemptuous term for a woman ; sparks, phosphoric light seen on various sub-
a prostitute. stances inthe night time.
(2) To cut, or tie up fagots. Fagot oerers, Cocke FAITEN. ceive.To(A.-N.} beg ; to idle , to natter ; to de-
Lorelles Bote, p. 11, inferior household
servants who carried fagots, &c. FAITERIE. Flattery, deception.
FAIGH. Refuse soil, or stones. North. My world stood on another wheelle,
Withouten eny other fayterye.
FAIGHTEST. Most happy. (A.-S.} Cower, ITS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 39.
F.AIL. (1) Failure; fault. Shale.
(2) To deceive ; to speak false. (A.-N.} FAITH. To give credit to. Shak. Jonson has
(3) To come to an end. Palsgrave. the adjective faithful.
FAITHFUL-BROTHER. A Puritan.
(4) A woman's upper garment.
FAIN. Glad ; earnestly desirous ; gladly ; to be FAITHLY. Truly ; properly. (A.-N.)
For we axefazthely to fewe to feghte with them all.
willing, or ready ; to be obliged, or compelled Morfedithure, MS. Lincoln, f.95.
to do anything.
FAINE. To feign ; to dissemble. (A.-N.) This FAITOUR. An idle lazy fellow; a deceiver; a
form occurs in Chaucer, and many other flatterer ; a vagrant. (A.-N.} Hence, a gene-
writers. See also Minsheu, and the early edi- FAKEN.ral term Aof falcon, reproach, a scoundrel.
or small cannon.
tions of Shakespeare.
FAINT. To fade. Var. dial. FALCON. A cannon of 2| inch, bore, carrying
FAINTY. Languid. Glouc. 2 Ib. weight of shot.
FAIR. (1) Level, or parallel. Fair-walling, the FALD. A handspike. Coles.
part of the wall above the projecting founda- FALDE. He tolde
(1) To fold; to embrace.
his sqwycre the case,
tion. Line.
That he luffed in a place
(2) Fairness ; beauty. " Faire of all faires," Tom This frely to falde. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 132.
a Lincolne, p. 7.
(3) To make fair, or lovely. ShaJc. (2) Felled. Degrevant, 1051.
FALDERED. Fatigued. Line.
(4) A present at or from a fair. North. " A day FALD ING. A kind of frieze, or rough cloth.
after the faire," when everything is over, See Tyrwhitt, in v.
Troubles of Qu. Eliz. 1639, sig. G. ii.
FALDORE. A trap-door. (FZcm.)
'5) Evidently ; manifestly. North. FALDSTOOL. A portable seat made to fold
6) To appear ; to give symptoms of. Hall.
(7) Soft or slow. Westm, up like a camp-stool. The term is also erro-
(8) A great roe-buck. Elome. neously applied to the Litany-stool. Oxf.
FAIR-CONDITIONED. Of good disposition. Gl Arch.
FAIREHEDE. Beauty. (A.-S.) FALE. (1) Fele ; many. (A.-S.)
FAIR-FALL. Fair fall you, good attend you. (2) A pustule, or sore. North.
Fairfallen, good, honest. North. (3) Marshy, or wet land. Line.
FAIRING. Same as Fair (4). FALE\VE. Fallow. Weber.
FAIRISH. Tolerably good. Far. dial. FALEWEDEN. Fallowed. Ritson.
FAIRLY. Softly. Fairly off in the middle, faint FALKY. Long-stemmed. Cornw.
with hunger. North. FALL. (1) To strike down, or let fall ; to make
FAIR-MAID. A dried pilchard. Devon. to fall. East,
FAIRRE. More fair. Will. Werw. (2) A falling-band, or vandyke.
FAIR-TRO-DAYS. Daylight. North. (3) Fallen, part. pa. Chaucer.
(4) Fall of the leaf, fall, autumn.
FAIRY. (1) A theweasel.
(2) Although fairies 'Devon.
have nearly disappeared (5) A yeaning of lambs. North.
from our popular superstitions, a few curious (6) To try a fall, to wrestle. Fall back, fall
traces of them may be found in provincial
terms. Fairy -butter, a fungous excrescence, edge, at'
comeall
old. adventures. To fall
To fall in hand, in ar/e,with
to meet to be-
or
sometimes found about the roots of old trees, meddle. To fall out of flesh, to become lean.
or a species of tremelli found 011 furze and Ako used in this manner, to fall a writing, \.v
 FAL FAN
346
•write, to fall a reading, to read, £c. To fall tations, although the latter is evideiir ^
outs to quarrel. tended by the author.
FALYF. Fallow. Ritson.
(7) To follow as a corollary to any argument FAMATION. Defamation. HaB.
previously stated.
(8) To befall ; to happen ; to belong, FAMBLE. To stutter, or murmur inarticu-
FALLAL. Meretricious. Salop. lately. Line, It occurs in Cotgrave, in v.
FALLALS. The falling ruffs of a woman's dress ; Baver, and in Coles. " Stameren other fame-
any gay ornaments. Var. dial. len," MS. Karl. 7322.
F ALLAN D-EYYL. The falling sickness. FAMBLE-CROP. The first stomach in rumi-
FALLAS. Deceit ; fallacy. (A.-N.} Hall has nating animals. East.
FAMBLES. Hands. DeMer.
fattaa:, Hemy VII. f. 32.
Thorow coverture of his fallui, FAME. (1) To defame. Ritson, in. 161.
False ami fckylle wab that wyghte,
And ryjt bo in serablable cas.
Cower, MS Soc. dutiq. 134, f, 42. That lady for to fame.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 71.
FALLE. A mouse-trap. Pr. Parv-
-FALLEN. Slaked. Craven. (2) The foam of the sea. (d.-$.)
Myldor, he said, es hir name,
FALLEN-WOOL. Wool from a sheep killed by Scho es white als the fame.
disease or accident. North. MS. Lincoln A. i 17, f. 132,
FALLERA. A disease in hawks, in which their
claws turn white. (3) A surgeon's
FAMEN. (1) To lancet.
famish, Line.
llearne
FALL-GATE. A gate across a public road. Norf. (2) Foes ; enemies. (A.-S.)
FALLING-BANDS. Neck-bands worn so as to To fyghtewyth thyfuamene,
fall on the shoulders, much worn in the seven- That us unfaire lecles. MS. Morte A> th ure, f . 56.
teenth century. FAMILB. To be famished, JJ'ctrw.
TALLIN G-DOWN. The epilepsy. Pr.Parv. FAMILIAR. A demon or spirit attendant upon
FALLINGS. Dropped fruit South. awitcli or conjurer, often in the form of an
FALLOW-FIELD. A common-field. Glouc. animal, a dog, &c.
FALLOWFORTIL A waterfall. Line. FAMILOTJS. Adj. Family. North.
FALLO\T-HAY. Hay grown upon a fallow, or FAMILY-OF-LOVE. A fanatical sect intro-
new natural ley. North. duced into England about 1500, distinguished
FALLOWS. The strakes of a cart. West. by their love to all men, and passive obedi-
FALLS. The divisions of a large arable field ence to established authority. The members
attached to a village. North. of it were called Famili&ts, and are mentioned
FALOUN. Felon ; wicked. (^.-;V.) in a list of sects
FAMOSED. in Taylor'sShak.
Celebrated. Motto, 1622.
FA.LOWE. To turn pale or yellow. (^.-£) FAMULAR. Domestic. (Lat.)
His lippis like to the lede,
And his lire falotoeds. MS. Lincoln. A. i. 17, f. 94. FAN. (1) To tease ; to banter ; to beat or thrash
FALSDOM. Falsehood. (^.-£) anyone. Sussex.
FALSE. (1) Stupid; obstinate; wanting spirit ; (2) Found ; felt. Cumb.
sly ; cunning ; deceitful ; forsworn ; perjured. (3) To stir about briskly. Line.
(2) To falsify ; to betray ; to deceive ; to whee- FANCICAL. (4) To winnow corn. Var. dial.
dle ;to flatter ; to desert ; to baffle. Fanciful. West.
FALSE -BLOWS. The male flowers of the melon FANCIES. Light ballads, or airs. S/iaL
and cucumber. East. FANCY.(l)Love. fancy-free. Shak. A sweet-
heart isstill called a fancy -man,
FALSE-BRAY. A counter-breastwork. (Fr.}
FALSEHED. Falsehood. (A.-S.) (2) A riband; a prize for dancers.
FAND. Found. Tundale, p. 14.
FALSE-POINT. A trick, or stratagem. FANDE. To try, or prove. (^.-£)
FALSE-QUARTERS, A soreness inside the He was in the Haly Lande,
hoofs of horses. Holme, 1688. Dedis of arrnes for tofande.
FALSER. False. Jonson. MS. Lincoln A. 1. 17, f. 130,
FALSE-ROOF. The space between the ceiling They wolde themselfe/awrie
of the garret and the roof. To scke aventurs nyghte and day.
MS. Cantab, Ff. il.38, f. 243.
FALSOR. Deceiver, « Detested falsor," Wo- FANDING, Trial ; temptation.
man in the Moone, 1597.
Pauls prayed to God that he suicl fordo thase
FALSTE. Falsity; falseness. (4.-N.) fttndyngef that hym pynede so sare, bot God her^i
FALTER. To thrash barley in the chaff. Fal- hyjne noghte. MS. Mncotn A. i. 17, f. 23f.
tering-ironsbarley-chopp
,a er. Line. FANE. (1) A weathercock, formerly made in
FALTERED. Dishevelled. North. various shapes, seldom in that of the bird
FALWE. Yellow. Chaucer. Also, to turn yel- whence the modern term is derived
low. SyrGowghter, 62.
|2) A banner. (A.-S.)
FALWES. Fallow lands. Also, new ploughed '3) The white flower-de-
fields, or fields recently made arable. See Pr. (4) Foes ; enemies. MS,luce. Gemrd.
Cott. Vesp. D. ril
Parv. p. 148, "falow, londe eryd, novale." (5) A rope attached to the mast of a vessel ? See
The Latin here given bears both interprc- ; Tr. Parv, p. U8, and Ihicattge, in v.
 347
FAR FAR

" A fayne of a schipe" may, perhaps, only mean FAR-AWAY. By much ; by far. North.
a weathercock on the top of the mast. See Sir FAR-BY. Compared with. North.
Eglamour, 1192. FARCE. (1) To paint. Chaucer.
Of syh or his maste, of golde his fane. (2) To stuff; to fill out. (Fr.) See Optick
MS. Lincoln A.i 1 7, f. 146. Glasse of Humors, 1639, p. 11.
FANER. A winnower. Lydgate. FARCION. The farcy, a disease in horses
FANFECKLED. Freckled ; sunburnt. North. FARD. (1) Afraid, fowneley Myst.
FANG, (i) A fin. East. A paw, or claw. North. (2) To paint the face. (Fr.) See Du Bartas,
Also, to grasp or clench. p. 376. Also a substantive. " A certayn gay
(2) To strangle ; to bind. Wilts. glosse or farde," Palsgrave's Acolastus, 1540.
(3) To be godfather or godmother to a child. FARDEL. A burthen. Also a verb, to pack up.
Somerset. See Trial! of Wits, 1604, p. 170; Hawkins.
FANGAST. Fit for marriage, said of a maid. iii. 64 ; Hollyband, in v. Charge.
Norf. Now obsolete. FARDEN. Fared ; flashed. Percy.
FANGE. To catch, or lay hold of. (A.-S.) FARDINGALE. The fourth part of an acre.
The synne God hateth that on hem hangeth, Wilts. MS. Lansd. 1033.
And Goddes hatred hellehytfangetfi.
FARDREDEAL. An impediment, (Fr.)
FANGER. A receiver. (4,-S.) FARE. (1) To appear ; to seem. Suffolk.
FANGLE. A trifle, or toy. (A.-S.) (2) To go ; to cause to go ; to proceed ; to near,
FANGLED. Trifling. Shale. or approach; to depart ; to feel; to eat, to
FANNAND. Flowing. Gawayne. live. North. The first meanings are common
FANNEL. Afanon. Davies' Rites, p. 16. in early English. " To blisse shalle fare,"
MS. Cantab. Ff. Y. 48, f. 69.
FANOM-WATER. The acrimonious discharge
from the sores of cattle. Warw. (3) A journey ; course, or path. (A.-S.} " lie
FANON. A priest's maniple. (A.-N.) "Fanon, that folowes my
See Perceval, 1037.fare," MS. Morte Arthure.
a faunell or maniple, a scarfe-like ornament
(4) A litter of pigs ; the trace of a hare ; conduct,
worn in the left arme of a sacrificing priest," or behaviour ; countenance, or face. North.
Cotgrave.
FANSET. A faucet. Suffolk. (5) Unusual display ; entertainment ; proceed-
FANSOME. Kind; fondling. Gumb. ing ;*adventure ; onset ; speech ; step ; move-
FANTASIE. Fancy. (A.-N.) Also a verb, to ment ; action. Gawayne. It is often equi-
fancy, to like any one. Fantasieng, Harrison's valent to business, ado, or going on. " I ne
England, p. 118. com of no sich fare," MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48,
FANTASTICO. A coxcomb. (Ital.) f. 52. See Thornton Romances, p. 33.
FANTEAGUE. A worry, or bustle. Also, ill- (6) Fur ? Sir Perceval, 411.
humour. Var. dial. (7) A game played with dice.
FANTICKLES. Freckles. Yorfoh. (8) To resemble, or act like another ; to take on
as in sorrow. To fare foul with any one, to
FANTOME. (1) Faint; weak. Fantome-corn, use him badly.
corn that is unproductive. Fantome-flesh,
flesh that hangs loosely on the bone. A fan- (9) A boast. Pr. Parv.
tome fellow, a light-headed person. (10) To ache, or throb. North.
FAREINGS. Feelings ; symptoms. East.
(2) Any false imagination. (A.-N.) FAREMAKERE. A boaster. Pr. Pan.
(3) Vanity. MS. Cott. Vespas. D. vii.
FANTOMYSLICHE, Visionary. Chr. Vil FAREWEEL. A taste, or relish- North.
FAREWELL. Farewell, and u thowand, a
FANTONY. Deceitful. (A.-N.) thousand times farewell.
FANTYSE. Deceit. (A.-N.) FAR-FET. Far-fetched. Somerset.
Ther wyste no man that was wio/ht
Of liysfantyse and hys thoght. FAR-FORTHE. Far in advance. (A.-S.)
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 172. Now be we so far-forthe come,
FAP. Drunk ; tipsy. Shah Syeke mote we of the MS. dome.Laud. 41G, f. 11«.
FAPES. Gooseberries. East.
FA.R. Farther. North. " I'll be far if I do," FARISH-ON. Advanced in years. Also, nearly
i. e. I will not. intoxicated. North.
FARAND. Used in composition for advancing FARL. An oat-cake. Northumb.
towards, or being ready. Fighting farand, FARLEY. Fairly; plainly. Ritson.
ready for fighting. Farand-man, a traveller FARLTES. Wonders ; strange things. North.
or itinerant merchant. This usage is proba- FARLOOPER. An interloper. West.
bly from fare, to go. Farand also means FARM. To cleanse, or empty. West.
fashion, manner, and countenance, perhaps FARME. FoodjameaL (4.-S.)
from faring ; so well or itt-farand, good or FARMER. The elcte&i son of the occupier .of a
bad-looking. The last sense leans to the farm. Suffolk. Anciently, a yeoman or
favourable interpretation unless joined with country gentleman*
words of opposite signification. Hence fa- FARMERY. Aa infirmary- See Davies' Rites
rantly, orderly, handsome, comely, good-na- pp. 88, 138, 153 ; Bale's Kynge Johan, p. 82.
tured, respectable, neat, North, FARN. Fared, or gone. (A.-S»)
 348 FAIT
FAS
Whenne Heioude was of lif fain, (6) Very near. Hence, intimate. Line. In
Aaaungel coom Joseph to warn. early writers, it means sure, firm.
Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Ti in. Cantab, f, 74. FAST-AND-LOOSE. A cheating game, played
FARNTICKLES. Freckles. North. with a stick and a belt or string, so arranged
FARR. To ache. North. that a spectator would think he could make
FARRAND. Deep ; cunning. Line. the latter fast by placing a stick through its
FARREL. The fourth part o£ a circular oat- intricate folds, whereas the operator could de-
tach itat once. The term is often used me-
cake, the division being made by a cross.
North. taphorically.
FARREN. Half an acre. West. FAST-BY. Very near. Var. dial.
FARRISEES. Fairies, East. FASTE. (1) Faced, as a hypocrite. Gower.
FARROW. A litter of pigs. East. (2) To fasten ; to marry. (A.-S.)
FARROW-COW. A barren cow. North. That they schulde fasts fiur with no fere,
FAKRUPS. The devil. Yorksh. But he were prynce MS. or pryncys
Cantab. pere.
Ff. ii, 38, f . ft.
PARSE. To stuff; to fill; to eat. Also, the FASTEN. To detain ; to seize. North.
stuffing of a bird, &c. FASTENING-PENNY. Earnest money. North.
Bot m hys delytes settes hya hert fast, FASTENS. Shrove-Tuesday. Also called Fas-
And /cm als this lyfe solde «iy last.
ELampole, MS, Bowes, p. 19. tens-Tuesday. A seed-cake was the staple
FARSET. A chest, or coffer, dinner. commodity of this day, now exchanged for
FAUST. Farthest. Craven. pancakes. Langley mentions Fastingham-
FARSURE. Stuffing. Forme of Cury. Tuesday, a variation of the same term. Fas-
FARSYN. The farcy. tinffong, Shrove-Tide, Howard Household
It cometh moste comuueliche aboute the houndes Books, p. 117. " At fastyngonge, a yuaresme-
ers and yn hure legges, than yn any other places, prennant" Palsgrave. Fast-gonge, Pr. Parv.
as th&farsi/n, and «it this is wors to be hool. p. 151. Fastime, Hardy ng.
MS. Bod!. 546. FASTNER. A warrant. Grose.
FART. A Portugal fig. Elyof. FAS YL. A flaw in cloth. Withals.
FARTHELL. Same as Fardel, q. v. FAT. (1) To fetch. Var. dial
FARTHER. I'll be farther if J do it, L e. 1 (2) A vat, or vessel used in tewing. Formerly,
won't do it. Var. dial. any tub or packing case.
FARTHING. Thirty acres. Cornw. 3) To make fat, or fatten. Line.
FARTHINGS. Flattened peas. West.
FAR-WELTERED. Cast, as a sheep. Line. '4) Eight bushels,
FATCH. Thatch. a quarter of grain. West.
Also, vetches.
FAS. A porridge-pot. Line. PATCHED. Troubled; perplexed. North*
FASE. Foes. See Ritson, i. 65. FATE. (1) Fetched. Chron. Vilod. p. 54.
Welcome, sir, to this place ! (2) To fade ; to lose colour. Pr. Pare.
I swere the, by Goddis grace, FATHEADED. Stupid. Var. dial
We hafe bene Izngefase. MS. Lincoln A. u 17, f. 137- FAT-HEN. The wild orache. Var. dial.
FASGUNTIDE. Shrove-tide. Norf. FATHE R. To impute anything, or lay a charge
FASH. (1) Trouble; care; anxiety; fatigue. to one. Var. dial.
Also a verb. North.
FATHER-
the finis JOHNSON. A schoolboy's term for
or end of a book.
(2) The tops of turnips, &c. Lane.
(3) Rough, applied to metal. North. FATHER-LAW. A father-in-law. West.
(4) A fringe, or row of anything worn like a FATHER-LONGLEGS. The long slender-legged
fringe. (^.-£) spider, very common in harvest time.
FASHERY. Over niceness. Cumb. FATIDICAL. Prophetic. Topsail
FASHION. (1) The farcy in horses. Wilts. FATIGATE. Fatigued ; wearied. Hall.
Shakespeare and Dekker have fashions. FATNESS. Marrow ; grease. Line.
(2) State-of health. Also, to presume. FAT-SAGG. Hanging with fat. Hutoet.
FASHIOUS. Troublesome. Craven. FATTERS. Tatters. Craven.
FASHOUS. Unfortunate ; shameful. Chesh. FATTIN. A small quantity. North.
FASIL. To dawdle. Line. It anciently meant,
to ravel, as silk, &c. FATTLE.
term. Line. A beat to jump from, a schoolboy's
FASOUN. Fashion ; form. Ritson. FATURE. Same as Faifour, q. v.
FASSIDE. Stuffed. Reliq. Antiq. i. 85. FAUCHON. A sword, or falchion. (^,-M)
PASSINGS. Any hanging fibres of roots of Gye hath hym a stroke raghte
plants, &c. Lane. Wyth hysjfawcfton at a draghte.
FAS SIS. Tassels ; hangings. Hall. MS. Cantab. Ff . ii. 38, f. IS?
FASSYONE. Acknowledgment. Pr. Part. FAUD. A fold for cattle. North.
FAST. (1) The understratum. West. FAUDEN. Folding. Craven.
(2) Full ; busy ; very gay. North. FAUF. Fallow land. North. Kennett, MS.
(Z) Liberally. Robson, p. 9. Lansd. 1033, has/ottpA-tond.
(4) A dish in ancient cookery, composed of eggs, FAUGHT. (1) Fetched. West.
pigeons, and onions. (2) To want, or fail North.
(5) In use ; not to be had. East. FAUGIITE. A fault t'aaeton.
 FAW 349 FEA

FAUKUN-RAMAGE. A ramage hawk. It is FAWNE Y. A ring. Grost .

ihefalco peregrinus in MS. Addit. 11579. FAWS. A fox. North.
FAUL. A farm-yard. Cumb. FAWTE. Fault ; want of strength.
FAULKNING. Hawking. Ftorio. The lady gane thane upstandej
For fawte scho myght speke no wcrde.
FAULT. (1) To commit a fault; to find fault MS. Lincoln A i. 1?4 f, J44
•with ; to blame. FAWTELES. Without a defect.
(2) Misfortune. Sha&. Hekepythayewcll In trpsorye,
(3) To fail, as Faught (2). That fawteles kepyth hys own name.
FAUN. (1) Fallen. Var. dial MS. Cantab. Ff ii. 38, f.24.
(2) A floodgate, or water-gate. (A.-N.) FAWTER. To thrash barley. North.
(3) To produce a faun. Pak^ave. FAWTUTTE. Failed ; wanted. Robson.
FAUNGE. To take ; to seize. (A.-S.) FAX. The hair. (A.-S.)
FAUNTE. A child, or infant. (A.-N.) And thanne,
here hondes bowndea at her bakke fulle bittyrly
How that helyeth in olothis narcxw wounde,
Thisjonge/awnte, with chere fullebemgne. And schoven of her fax and alle her fayre berdes.
Lydgate, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 11. MS. Cott. Cahff. A. ii, f. 112.
FAUNTEKYN. A very small faunte, q. v. FAXED-STAR. A comet. Cumb.
" Whenne I was afanteftyne, I was fonde in a FAXWAX. The tendon of the neck. Le wen
toune, in acradyl," Gesta Rom. p. 215. au col, Reliq. Antiq. ii. 78. Paxwax is still
Thow arte bot a fawntkyne, no ferly nie thynkkys, used in the same sense.
Thou wille be flayede for a flye that one thy flesche FAY. (1) A fairy ; a spirit. (A.-N.)
lyghttes. Marts Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f. 79. Jn sondry wise hire forme chaungeth ;
Sche semeth fay and no vomman.
FAUNTELTEE.
FAURED. Childishness.
Favoured. North. (^.-AT.) Gotve} , MS. Soc. AMiq. 134, f, 152
FAUSE. Shrewd ; cunning ; treacherous. Also '2) To clean out ; to cleanse. East.
to coax, or wheedle. North. (3) Faith ; truth ; belief. (A.-N.) " I telle jow
FAUSEN. (1) False ; bad ; sly. Gower. \ in fay," Sir Degrevant, MS. Lincoln, f. 132.
(2) A very young eel. Chapman. ) To prosper; to go on favourably ; to succeed ;
FAUSONED. Fashioned, Gower. to act ; to work. South.
FAUT. To find out, or discover. East, (5) Doomed or fated to die. (A.-S.)
FAUTE. Fault; want. (A.-N.) ?AYEK Fair. Lydgatc.
FAUTORS. Aiders ; supporters. (Lot.) Fau- FAYLED. Lyt was
Wanted, i. e. lost.
a swynhorde yn thys cuntre,
triose occurs in Brit. Bibl. iii. 76.
And kept swyne grete plente,
FAUTY. Decayed ; rotten. North. So on a day he fay led a boor,
FAVASOUR. A vavasour. (A.-N.) And began to morne and syked sore.
FAVELL. Cajolery; deception by flattery. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 131.
(A.-N.) Hence curryfavel, q. v. It was also FAYLES. An old game, differing very slightly
the name of a horse. from backgammon.
FAYEREL. An onion. Line. FAYLLARD. Deceitful. (A.-N.)
FAVEROLE. The herb water-dragons. FAYLY. (I) A coward ; a traitor. (A*-N.)
FAVIROUS. Beautiful. Chaucer.
(2) To fail. Gawayne.
FAVOUR. Look; countenance. Also, to re- FAYNARE. A flatterer. Pr. Parv.
semble incountenance. Favourable, beautiful. FAYNE. (1) To sing. SMton.
FAVOURS. Love-locks. Taylor. (2) A vein of thehysbody.
FAW. (1) To take, or receive. North. And tasted senows and hys faynet
(2) An itinerant tinker, potter, &c. Cumb. And seyde he had moche payne.
FAWCHYN. To cut with a sword. Skelton. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 138,
FAWD. A bundle of straw. Cum I. FAYNES. Gladness ; joy. Ps. Cott.
FAWDYNE. A notary. Nominate MS. FAYNTYSE.
Tclle me inDeceit what ;maner
treachery.
of wyse (^.-AT.)
FAWE. (1) Enmity. Hearne. I have thys dredc and thys/aynfyse.
(2) Glad; gladly. (A.-S.) MS. Cantab. Ff ii. 38, f. 224.
(3) Variegated ; of different colours. (A.-S.) FAYRE. Fair ; fairly ; gracefully. (A.-S.)
FAW-GANG. A gang of faws. Cumb. Francis FAYRSE. Fierce. Riteon.
Heron, King of the Faws, was buried at Jar- FAYRY. Magic; illusion. (A..N.)
row, 13 Jan, 1756, Chron. Mirab. p. 6. FAYTE. To betray ; to deceive. (A-_Y.)
FAWKENERE. A falconer.
He calde forthe hysfawkenere,
FAYTES. Facts ; deeds ; doings. SMton.
And seyde he wolde to the ryvere FAYTHELY. Certainly. Gawayne.
Wyth hys hawkys hytn to playe. FAYTORS. Fortune-tellers. C^ose. Obvi-
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 160. ously derived from A.-N. Faiturik,.
FAWN. Fallen. North. FAYTOURS-GREES. The herb spurge. Pr.
FAWNANDE, Fawning. Paro.
For they to the hort ben fawwande, FAZOUN. Fashion; appearance. Weber*
The more they rtysceyve, yf hyt assente. FA3LICHE. Truly ; certainly ; in faith.
MS. dintab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 13. FEABERRIES. Gooseberries. Var. dial. Cot-
FAWNE. Fain ; glad. Pr. Parv. grave has this word, in v. Groiselles.
 FEA FES
350
FEABES, Gooseberries. Suffolk. | FEATNESS. Dexterity Harrison, p. 230.
FEABLE. Subject to fees. Hall FEATOTJS. Elegant. " Ye thinke it fine and
FEACIGATE. Impudent ; brazen-faced. North. featous," Drant's Three Sermons, 1584.
FEADE. Fed. Somerset. FEAUSAN. Taste, or moisture. Feausan-
FEAGE. To whip, or beat. West. fuzzm^ a very strong taste. North.
FEAGUE. (1) To be perplexed. Line. FEAUT. A foot. North.
(2) A dirty sluttish person. North. FEAUTE. Fealty ; fidelity. (A. M)
FEAK. (1) A sharp twitch, or pull. West. FEAWL. AfooL Yorksh, Dial. 1697.
(2) To fidget ; to be restless ; to be busied about FEAZE. (1) To cause. (Fr.) To fetch your
trifles. Yorhsh. feaze, the same as Feer (1).
(3) A flutter, generally applied to the anxiety (2)toToloiter. harass ; to worry ; to teaze ; to dawdle ;
West.
of a lover. Line.
(4) To wipe the beak after feeding, a term in (3) To sneeze.
hawking. FEBLE. Weak; Line.feeble; poor; wretched;
FEAL. To hide slily. Norfh. miserable. (A.-N.}
FEBLESSE. Weakness. (A.-N.)
FEALD. (1) Hidden.' North. FECCHE. To fetch. (A.-S.)
(2) Defiled. Weber's Floddon Field, 1808. The prince wasfeched to the boide,
FEAMALITY. Effeminacy. Taylor.
FEANT. A fool. North. To speXe with the kyng a worde.
MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 54.
FEAPBERRY. A gooseberry. Culpeper. FECH. Vetches. Nominate MS.
FEAR. FECK. (1) To kick or plunge. North.
(2) To (1) To ;feel;
terrify to seem." East.
to frighten. Common as an
archaism and provincialism. (2) Many ; plenty ; quantity. Northuml. Also,
the greatest part.
FEAR-BABES. A vain terror, a bugbear, fit
only to terrify children. (3) Might ; activity. Yor&sh.
FEARD. Afraid, Var. dial (4) A small piece of iron used by miners in blast-
FEARDEST. Most fearful. Hall ing rocks.
FEARE. Fair. Ritson. FECKFUL. Strong; zealous j active. North.
FECKINS. By my feckins, i. e, by my faith,
FEARFUL. (1) Tremendous, far. dial
(2) Dreadful ; causing fear. Shak. Hey wood's Edward IV. p. 45.
FECKLESS. Weak ; feeble. North.
FEARLQT. The eighth part of a bushel. FECKLY. Mostly; chiefly. North.
FEARN. A windlass. Line. FEDBED. A featherbed. Line.
FEART. Afraid. Var. dial
FEDDE, Fought. Weber.
FEART-SPRANK. A tolerable number or large FEDE. Sport ; play ; game. Line.
parcel of anything. Berks. FEDEME. A fathom. (A.-S.)
FEASETRAW. A pin or point used to point FEDEN. To feed. (A.-S.}
at the' letters, in teaching children to read. FEDERARY. An accomplice. Shaft.
.
FEAS1LS. Kidney beans. West, FEDERID. Feathered. This is the reading in
MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, for ferful, La Belle
FEAST. An annual clay of merry-making in Dame sans Mercy, 146.
country villages. In some places the feast FEDERYNE. To fetter • to shackle. Pr. Paw.
lasts for several days. FEDEW. A feather. Nominal* MS.
FEASTING-PENNY. Earnest money. North. FEDRUS. Fetters. Chr, Vilod. p. 123. /<>-
FEAT. (1) Neat; clever; dexterous; elegant. dryd, fettered, Ibid. p. 65.
Also, to make neat. FEDURT. Feathered.
Noe not an howare, althoughe that shce This is bettur then any bowe,
Be never soe fine and feat. MS. Ashmole 208. For alle the/edwrt schafte,
(2) Nasty tasted. Berks. MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 51.
FEATHER. (1) Hair. Var. dial FEDYLDE. Fiddled. Reliq. Antfq, I. 86.
(2) Condition ; substance. Var. dial FEE. (1) To winnow corn. North.
(3) To bring a hedge or stack gradually and (2) Property ; money ; fee ; an annual salary, or
neatly to a summit. West. reward. (^.-£)
FEATHER-BOG. A quagmire. Cornw. FEEAG. To encumber; to load. Cumh
FEATHER-EDGED. A stone thicker at one FEEAL. Woe ; sorrow. North.
edge than the other. North. FEEBLE, To enfeeble. Palsgrave.
FEATHERFOLD. The herb feverfew. West. FEED. (1) Pood. An ostler calls a quartern of
Called in some places feather/owl oats a feed. Also, to fatten. Grass food,
FEATHERHEELED. Lightheeled ; gay. pasture, is so called.
FEATHER-PIE. A hole in the ground, filled (2) To give suck. Var. dial
with feathers fixed on strings, and kept in (3) To amuse with talking or reading " Gesti*
motion by the wind. An excellent device to to fede," MS. Line.
scare birds. East. FEEDER. A servant. Shalt.
FEATISH. Neat ; proper ; fair. West. FEEDERS. Fatting cattle. North.
FEATLET. Four pounds of butter. Cumb. FEEDING. (1) Nourishing. North,
FEATLY. Neatly ; dexterously. North. (2) Pasture ; grazing land. Yar. diaL
 FEL 351 FEL
j?EEDING-STORM. A constant snow. North. FELA. A fellow, companion. Pr. Parv.
FEEDING-TIME. Genial weather. North. FELAUREDE. Fellowship; company. (4.-S.)
But thou dedyht no foly dede,
FEED-THE-DOYE. A Christmas game men- That ys fleshly ftl^w cde. MS. Hat I 1701 , f. 1 1
tioned in Brand's Pop. Antiq. i. 278. FELAUS. Fellows. Langtoft, p. 219.
FEEL. To smell; to perceive. North.
FEELBY. Grassy. WicUiffe. FELAUSHIPE. A company. (A.-S.) Also a
FEELTH. Feeling. Sensation. Warw. verb, to accompany.
FELCH. A tame animal. Line.
FEER. (1) To take a feer, to run a little way
back for the better advantage of leaping FELDE. (1) A field ; a plain. (A.-S.)
Forthi I say the on this wyese,
forwards. An Oxfordshire phrase, given by Bot that thou make &acrafice
Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033. Unto my goddis, that alle may welde,
(2) Fierce ; fire. Ritson. Thou salle be dede appone a/e/rfe.
FEERE. To make afraid. (4.-S.} MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 128.
Befyse that harde and logh yarc, Felt. Weber. Folded. Ritson.
And thoght he wolde hym/eere. To become weak or ill. Line.
.MS. Ccmta6.Ff.ii.38, f J01.
FEERFUNS-EEN. Shrovetide. Lane. (4) To fold ; to embrace. . Gawayne.
FEESE. See Feaze. FELDEFARE. A fieldfare. Chaucer. Still
called zfeldifiere in Salop.
FEET. (1) Fat. Arch. xxx. 407. FELDEN. Felled; made to fall. (A.-S.)
(2) A deed, or fact. (^.-JV.) FELDHASSER. A wild ass. (A.-S.}
FEET-CLOTH. Same as Foot-cloth, q. v. FELDMAN-WIFE. A female rustic. Trans-
FEFEDE. Feoffed ; endowed. Hearne.
FEFF. To obtrude, or put upon in buying or FELDWOOD. lated byruslica in Nominate MS.
The herb baldmony.
selling. Essex. Tho took schefeldwud and verveyne,
FEFFE. To infeof ; to present. (^.-AV Of herbis be not betir tweyne.
FEFFEMENT. Enfeofrnent. (A.-N.) Cower, MS. Soe. Antiq. 134, f. 152.
FEFT. Enfeoffed. North. FELE. (1) To feel ; to have sense ; to perceive ;
FEG. (1) Fair ; clean. North. to fulfil. (A.-S.}
(2) To flag ; droop ; or the. North. '2) To hide. See Feal.
(3) Rough dead grass. Weft.
FEGARY. A vagary. East. See Hawkins, (3) Many.Toke (A.-S.) hys leve, and home he wente,
iii. 162;Middleton, iv. 115. And thankyd the kyng fele sythe.
FEGGER. Fairer ; more gently. Lane.
FEGHT. Faith ; belief. FELEABLE. Social. Pr. Parv.
That thow me save from eternalle schame, FELEFOLDED, Multiplied. (A,-S^
That have f \i\\efeght and hole trusfc in thl name. FELER. More ; greater. Gawayne.
MS. Cantab.? f.i. 6, f. 124. FELETTE. The fillet.
FEGS. In faith ! South. At the turnyng that tym the traytnurs hyrn hitte
FEH. Money ; property. (^.-&) In thorowe thefeleztes, and in the flawnke aftyre.
FEIDE. Feud ; war ? Weber. Warton reads MM te Ai'thnre, MS. Liacoln, f. 76
fede in the same passage, p. clxii FELFARE. A fieldfare. West.
FEIGH. To level earth, or rubbish; to spread FELIDEN. Felt. WicTcliffe.
or lay dung ; to dig the foundations for a wall; FELKS. Felloes of a wheel. North.
to fey, or clean. YorJcsh. FELL. (1) A skin, or hide. (A.-S.)
FEINE. (1) To feign. (/4.-AY) See Feyne. (2) A hill, or mountain. North. Also, a moor
(2) To sing with a low voice. Pakgrave. or open waste ground. By frith and fell, a
FEINTELICHE. Faintly 5 coldly. Hearne. very common phrase in early poetry. Frith
FEINTISE. (1) Dissimulation. (A.-N.) means a hedge or coppice, and fell, a hill,
(2) Faintness ; weakness. (A.-S.) moor, valley, or pasture, any uninclosed space
FEIRE. A fair. (A.-N.) without many trees.
FEIRSCHIPE. Beauty. Lydgate. Moyses wente up on that felle,
FEIST. A puff-ball. Suffolk. Fourty dayes there gon dwelle.
FEISTY. Fusty. East, Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 41,
FEITT. A paddock ; a field. Line. (3) Sharp ; keen 5 cruel. North. Applied to
FEIZE. To drive away. West. Pure A.-S, food, biting, very salt.
Kay, Proverbs, p. 220, has, " I'll vease thee, (4) A mouse-trap. Pr. Parv.
i. e. hunt or drive thee/' a Somersetshire (5) To inseam, in sewing. Far. dial.
phrase. It likewise has the saine meanings
(6) Sharp ; clever ; crafty. North.
as Feaze (2). Our first explanation is con- m To return periodically. Essex.
firmed by Fuller, as quoted by Richardson, (8) To finish the weaving of a web, or piece of
p. 1450, but the term certainly means also to cloth. Yorfoh.
beat, to chastise, or humble, in some of our FELLE. TofeU; to kill. (A.-S.)
old dramatists, in which senses it is stated by
Gifford to be still in use. FELLERE.
FELLESSE. Purple. (A.-S,*) Hearne.
A multitude?
PEL, (1) Cruel ; destructive. (A.-S.) FELLBT* A certain portion of wood annually
(2) Felt. Still in use in Salop. cut in a forest. Glouc.
 FEM 352 FEN
FELLICH. Felly j cruelly. (4.-S.) FEMEREL. A kind of turret placed on the
FELLICKS. Felloes of a wheel. Lane, roof of a hall, or kitchen, t»o formed as to al-
low the smoke to escape without admitting
FELLON. (1) Sharp ; keen. North. " P^fellon the rain from outside.
sharpe man," Bullein's Dialogue, 1573, p. 3. FEMINE. Female. Brome.
(2) A disease in cows ; a cutaneous eruption in
children. North. Apparently connected with FEMINITEE. Womanhood. (A.-N.) " Contrn-
the ancient iermfelone, q, v. ryetofemynyt<y'Lydgate'sMinor.Poems,p.47.
FELLON-WOOD. The herb bitter-sweet. FEMYN.(1) Mud; Venom.
FELLOW. Companion ; friend. In Wiltshire FEN. mire. ' Ritson.
(,£-£)
used only as a term of reproach ; in Here- (2) To do anything adroitly. North.
fordshire, young
a unmarried man, a servant (3) A preventive exclamation, usscd chiefly by
engaged in husbandry. boys at play. Var. dial
Ever more felotues I and thow, FENAUNCE. Fine ; forfeiture. (//.-AT.)
And niyculle thanks, sir, now have je FEN-BERK Y. The cranberry, ^orlh.
MS. Cantab Ff. v. 48, f . 53. FENCE. (1) To keep out anything. Jtait. He
FELLOWSHIP. A tete-a-tete. Line. stode at fence, i. e. at defence. /Vwtv ib also
FELLT. (1) Fiercely ; cruelly. (4.-S.) armour^ or any other kind of defence.
Y rede wearme us ylke oon, Incy myght notgetc h>m therfro,
Thys fende wylle felly fyghtc. He stode at fence ageyn them tho.
MS. Cantab. Ff. li. 38, f, 0(5. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f, 74.
(2) To break up a fallow. North. (2) Offence. Var. dial.
FELONE. A sore, or whitlow. Fellom in FENCE-MONTH, The month w heroin female
Heref. Gloss. See TopselPs Beasts, p. 252. deer in the forests do fawn. ManwowL
Somme forenevye schul have in lymes FEN-CRICKET. A small bcoile. Line.
As kiles.felones, and postymes. FEND. (1) To defend. To fend and prurr, to
MS. Ashmole 41, f. 37. throwFulle the oftosythes
blame on heothers' shoulders.
FELONIE. Any wickedness. (A.-N.) kyssetlc that maye,
FELONLICHE. Wickedly. (A.-N.) And host hir upe and wolcle awayc*
FELONOUS. Very wicked. Lydgate. Bot thay allc the brigges did fen&t*.
MS. Lincoln A. I. 17> f, 104.
FELOUN. Wicked; cruel, (A.-N.} Kyng Ardus fendyd hys wonys,
FELS. Felloes of a wheel. North. Wondur grctc were the stonys.
FELSH. To renovate a hat. Line. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 3R, f. 77.
FELT. (1) Hid ; concealed. North. (2) To provide ; to endeavour; io makeshift ; to
(2) A hat, Thynae's Debate, p, 31. ward off. North. Also, a livelihood.
(3) A hide; coarse cloth. Craven. "Feelte, or (3) A fiend ; the devil. (A.-S.)
And when the w.iytis blew lowU> hym he,
qwylte,Jiltrum," Pr. Parv.
'4) A thick matted growth of weeds, spreading The schc'perde thojt \vhat may this I>P,
He wciide he hade herd afmtfr/
by their roots. East.
FELTER. To entangle. North. MS, Cuntnb. Ff. v. -il), f. 54,
FELTRTKE. The small centaury. Pr. Parv. FENDABLE. Industrious. Line.
FELWET. Velvet. Arch. xxi. 252. FENDLICHE. Devilish. Chaucer.
FEL-WISDOME. Craftiness ; cunning. FENDY. Thrifty j managing. Cutnb.
FELWORT. The herb baldmony. See a list FENE. To feign, or fancy ? (A.-N.)
And in his dreme him thoujtc he dcdc ffnc
of plants in MS. Sloane 5, f. 5. Of hir^broujte forth withtmtosjiot, nH olcno
FELYOLES. Are mentioned in the Squyr of
A lambe, most fayre to his iii*i>t*eoi<umr
LoweDegre, 836, That he ever saw unto his pk'Raunro.
** Your curtaines of camacjii all in folde, Lydxatc, JUtt. AW. Antiq. 1,14, f. U,
\ouxfelyoles all of golde." FENEBOILES. A kind of pottage,
Which, appears to b«* the same word with FENECEL. The herb fmieulum, sow-fminel?
fyellis and pUott in Douglas, fylyolez in Syr See MS. Harl. 978 ; MS. Sloane 5, f. 5, fepelt
Gawayne, w\&fyly'tks in MS. Cott quoted
the last-mentioned work. In the two last in' FENEST11AL. in
fenefale. A small fenestre, or window.
stances, length is expressly mentioned as a Before glass was in general use, tho feuestre
characteristic of the fylyole, In the absence was often made of paper, cloth, or canvass,
of certain evidence, I should explain it finials, and it was sometimes a kind of lattice-work,
and the term in the above instance may be ap- or shutter ornamented witli tracery. In tho
plied to small ornaments on the top of the sixteenth century, the term/ittfl?/r« seems to
bedposts in the shape of finials or pinnacles. have been applied to a blind or shutter in
From the contradistinction of the terms, there
contradistinction to a glazed window* *« At
was probably some slight difference between hire dore, and hir/«?««wfcr," Arthour aa& Mer-
thefytyole and pinnacle. lin, p.Tho
32. com lhare in a fuyri arewe
FEMALE-HEMS. Wild hemp. Line.
FEMED. Foamed. Gawayne, At a jenetttv anon.
FEMEL. (1) A female. Pr. Parv. FENG. Caught; received.
(2) A young family. (A,-N.) FENKELLE. FenneL (UIJ TO» form oc-
FEMER, Slightly made ; slender. North, curs in MS. Med. Line, I 200,
 FER 353 FER
FENNEL. To give fennel, to flatter. He geide, Joseph, be not ferdyt
Biholde on me this ilke is I.
FEN-NIGHTINGALE. A frog. East. Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. NT/.
FENNY. Mouldy. Far. dial.
FENNYXE. A phoenix. Beliq. Antiq. ii. 12. FERE. (1) A companion, or wife. North. " In
FENOWED. Mouldy. See Fenny. fere," together, in company.
Farewell, my doughter Kateryne, late thefeie
FENSABLE. Defensible. Weber.
To Prynce Artour, late my chyld so dere.
FENSOME. Neat ; adroit. North. MS. Sloane 1825, f. 89.
FENT. (1) A crack, or flaw ; a remnant of cot- (2) To terrify ; to frighten. (A.-S.)
ton ;an odd piece. North.
(2) A pet, or darling. North. (3) Proud ; fierce ; bold. (A.-N.)
And of Burgayne dewke Loyere,
(3) To bind cloth. Also, the binding of any part He was a bolde man and a fei e.
of the dress. Line. Formerly, a short slit in MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 156.
the upper part of the dress was called a fent. And of hys sone, that good squyere,
(4) Fear ; trembling ; faintness. (himb. Whyll he was hole and fei e. MS. Ibid. f. 147
FENUM. Venom. Beds. FEREDE. Company.
FENVERN. Sage. Gerard. Certis, syre, thou nojt ne may
Gon out of oure fersde. MS. ^tihmole 33, f. 46.
FEO. Fee ; inheritance. (A.-S.)
FEODARY. One who held property under the FEREN. Companions. See Kyng Horn, 21,
tenure of feudal service. Feodatary is the where MS. Laud. 108 reads " xij. feren,"
proper word, but it seems to be used in this which agrees better with the context.
sense by Shakespeare and Ford. FERES. Fierce. See Perceval, 518.
He lyved seththen many 5eres,
FEOFFED. Infeoffed. (A.-N.) A quyk man and a fwes. MS. Hurl. 1701, f. 17-
FEORNE. Far; distant. (A.-S.) FERETORY. A tomb, or shrine.
FEORT. To fight. Devon.
FERFORTH. Far forth. (A.-S.)
FEORTHE. The fourth. (A.-S.) FERIAGE. Boat or ferry hire.
FEE. (1) Far. (A.-S.) Still in use. FERIE. A holyday ; a week-day. (Laf.)
(2) To free pastures. Craven. I gan remembre of the hyje/e;ye,
(3) To throw. Somerset. That callid is the Circumcisioun.
4) A fire. See Sevyn Sages, 1766. Lt/dgate, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. S?0.
'5; Fair. SeeRoulandBeves ofandHamtoun, FERISHER. A fairy. Suffolk.
(6) Fierce. Vernagu, p.p.4.7.
FERKE. (1) To proceed; to hasten.
FERAUNT. An African horse; a grey. (A.-N.) The Isyng ferlax furthe on a faire stede.
Appone a stede ffti-aunt MOJ te Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f. *9.
Armyd at ryghte.
(2) To fear. Palsgrave.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 131.
Fewters in freely one feraunte stedes.
FERLIES. Faults. North.
Moi-te Arthwe, MS. Lincoln, f. 76. FERLY. A wonder ; to wonder ; wonderfully
FERCHE. Fierce. (A.-N.) wonderful ; strange. North.
FBRD. (1) Terrified; afraid. A ferly strife fel them betwene,
xl. men lepe ynto the see, As they went bi the wey.
So ferde of the lyenas they were. MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 126;
MS. Cantab. Ff. II. 38, f. 85. FERLYKE. A strange thing ; a wonder.
The kyng loked to that candelstyke,
(2) Went ; gone ; passed ; fared. Andsaghe bcsyde a grete ferly ke. JkT£Havr.l701,f.&
So stille that sche nothynge herde,
And to the bed stalkende he ferde. FERMACIE. A medicine. (A.-N.)
Gowert MS. Soc. Antlq. 134, f. 44. FERMAIL. A clasp, or locket. (A.-N.)
Thai sette mouth of tham in heven,
FERME. (1) A farm. (A.-N.) Also, a rent in
And tung of tham ferd in erthe even. lieu of all other payments.
MS. Egerton 614, f. 49.
When he French and Latyn herde, (2) To strengthen. Also adv. firmly.
He hade mervelle how it ferde. ($) To cleanse ; to empty out.
Hyt were more to the lyke,
MS, Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 55.
For to ferme an olde dyke.
(3) The fourth. (A.-S.) MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 102.
The/errf* he forsakys the prayers
That haly wry te wyttnes of berys. FERMEALD. A farm. (A.-S.)
A* de Bmnne, MS. Bowes, p. 7* FERMENTATION. The sixth process in al-
(4) Host ; army ; company. (A.-S.) chemy, the mutation of any substance into the
(5) Power ; force. Weber. nature of the ferment, after its primary Duali-
FERDEGEWS. Ornamented furs ? " In onr FERMERERE. ties have been destroyed.
The officer who had the care of
tricke ferdegews," Roister Doister, p. 30. the infirmary. (Lot.)
FERDELAYKE. Fear; terror. (A.-S.)
Bot who so here moght wytte and knawe wele FERMORYE. An Mrmary.
What payne the synful thare sal feele, Rewfulnes salle make the ferrnoryet Devocione
Thai solde in grete ferdefayke bebroght, salle make the celere; Meditacion salle make the
Ay when thai on tha paynes thoght. - gem ere. MS. Lincoln A . i. 17, f- 272,
Kampala; MS. Bowe*, p. 189. FERM1SONES, According to Mr. Robsou,
FERDNESS. Fright ; terror- (A.-S.) " a hunting term applied to the time in -which
FEKDY. Afraid ; terrified. ( the male fleer were closed, or23 not allowed to
 FES 354 FET
be killed." See his. Met. Rom. p. 1; MS. FESS. (1) To confess. North.
Morte Arthure, f. 55. (2) Gay ; smart j conceited.
FERNE. Before. Ferne ago, long ago. Feme (3) A small fagot. Also, a light blue colour.
Somerset.
land, far or distant land, a foreign land.
(^.-£) See Chion. Yilodoja. p. 84. (4) To force or obtrude anything. East.
FERN-FRECKLED. Freckled. North. In FEST. (1) To put out to grass. North.
MS. Med. Line. f. 285, is a receipt " to do (2) A fastening. Lino. Connected vvith t)je
zwnyeferntikittes," i. e. freckles. old termjfos'^, fastened.
FEKN-CXWL. The goatsucker. Glouc. Somijtsly he letehit swynge,
That iu his frount the stoou hsfost,
FERN -WEB. A small beetle, very injurious to
That bothfi his ejen out thei brcst.
the young apple. West. Cuisor Mttndi, SIS. Col. Trw. Cantab f. 48.
FERNYERE. In former times. (4<-S.) See
Piers PlougUnaan, pp. 103, 228 ; Hoccleve, p. (3) To fasten, tie, or bind ; as, to/&^ an appren-
tice. North.
55 ; Troil. and Creseide, v. 1176, a subst. in Fvstyne thi herte to fiee
the two last instances. Fernery Reynard the AUe this werldes care
Foxe,p.41. MS. Lincoln A. J. 17, f. 222.
FERUAY. A foray. Towneley Myst p. 310. Of alle thyiage it is the best
FERRE. (1) A land of caudle. Spelt ferry in Jhesu in herte fast tojfctf. MS. Jbid. f. 189.
the Forme of Cury, p. 27. (4) A fist. Also, a feast. Chaucer.
(2) Fair ; beautiful. FESTANCE. Fidelity. (A.-N.}
Undur the erth it was dijt, FESTEYING. Feasting. Chaucer.
Fejve it was and clene of syjt. FESTINATE. Hasty. (Lot.) Festination oc-
MS. Cantab, Ff. v. 48, f 51 curs in Hawkins, i. 292, 312.
(3) Further. (^.-£) FESTING-PENNY. Earnest money. Line.
So that myn hap and alle myn hele, FESTIVAL-EXCEEDINGS. An additional dish
Me thynketh is ay the leng the/env.
Cower, MS. Soc. Anttq. 134, f. 84. I to the regular dinner, Massinger. The term
; was formerly in use at the Middle Temple.
TERRE DATE. Late in the day. (^.-£) FE STLICIL Used to feasts. Chaucer.
FERBEL. The frame of a slate.
FERREN. Foreign ; distant. (A.-S.)
;FESTNEN. TO fasten. (A.-S.)
Jon telleth us als gildeu mouth IFESTU.
the same A asmote fescue,in q.thev. eye. (^.-A7".) Also
Of bferren folk uncouth.
Cursor 3fvndi,M$. CoU. Tn«, G!i»4rt.f.7l. FET. (1) Fetched. Lydgate, p, 20. Ako, to
, fetch, Theas inqwene Thynne's
anon toDebate,
hym wasp.fttt,
73.
FERRER. (1) A farrier. North. See Topsell's
Beasts, p. 340 ; Ord. and Keg. pp. 101, 201. Eor sche was best worthy.
(2) A barrel with iron hoops. Line. MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f.54.
FERRERE. Further. Ferrest, furthest.
Fcllcs fele on the felde, appone the/erre?esyde.
(2) To be a match for one. North.
Marts Arthur e, MS. Lmciln, f. 69, (3) A foot. Arch. xxx. 407.
FERRIER. A fairy. Suffolk. (4) Fast ; secure ; firm. Line.
FERRNE, Far. Heame. FETCH. 1) To recover; to gain strength after
an illness. Var. dial.
FERROM. Distant; foreign. 0-ferrom, afar (2) The apparition of a person who is alive. See
off. " We folowede o ferrome," Morte Ar- Brand, lii. 122.
thure, MS. Lincoln, f. 62.
FERRY-WHISK. Great bustle r haste. Jorksh. (3) To fetch in, to seize. Tofetchup, to over-
take. Tofetch a wal&> to walk, &c. Var. dial.
FERS. (1) Fierce. Chaucer. FETCHE, A vetch. Chaucer,
(2) The Queen at Chess. FETCH-LIGHTS. Appeajrancea a* night of
FERSCHELI. Fiercely. (A.-N.) lighted candles, formerly supposed to prognos -
FERSSE. Fresh, ffearne. ticate death. Brand.
FERSTED. Thirsted. Degrevant, 169S.
FERTHE. The fourth. (,£-£) iFETE. (1) Neat; weH-made j good.
Ye fele ther fete, so fete ar thay.
FERTHYNG. A farthing; any very small thing.
Chaucer. ; MS. Cw tok Ff. ik 3S> f. 4%

FERTRE. A bier; a shrine. (A-Nj rg

A la pu e dd le . Li .
ne
FERYNGES. Sudden, ffearne. TER1S. FeChatauurceesr..
FESAWNT. A pheasant. Pr.Parv. !§\Vork .
Sche bthilde his frterit by and by,
FESCUE. Same as Feasetraw, q. Y. See Cot- I So fayre schapen hi partye and In alle.
grave, ia v. Fesfa, Profit ; Howell, sect. 51 ; < Lyfyate, Jf& Sve. A*tf& 134, «, ».
Florio, pp. 69, 185 ; Peele, ii. 230. ,FETISB. Neat ; elegant. (A^N.)
FESE. To frighten; to make afraid. " Fese FETLED. Joined. Qawayne.
awey the cat," Urry, p. 597. FETTB. (1) To fetch. See F*t.
When he had etyn and made hym at ese, Thus sche began to jfctt* reed,
He thoght Gye for to fe<te* And turne aboute hire vktl» alle!. ,
MS. Cantab. Pf. ii. 38, f. 17 1, Gow«r, MS. SMS. 4Miq. m, f. 148.
FESISIAN. A physiciarj. Seven Sages, p. 53. ("2) A retch, or confrivffnce.
PESOMNYB. Feoffed,- gave in fee. FETTEL. Aoordusedtoapaimier. Une.
 355 FIC
FEY
FETTERFOE. The herb feverfew. (6) Fated to die ; dead. (4.-S.)
The Romaynes for radnesse ruschte to the erthe,
FETTLE. To dress ; to prepare ; to put in or- Fore ferdnesse of hys face, as they fey were.
der to
; contrive, manage, or accomplish any- Mmte Athure, MS. Lincoln, f. 54
thingto
; set about anything ; to be in good
time ; to repair ; to beat, or thrash. j\ orth. It FEYE. Faith ; belief. (^.-JV.)
Dame, he seyde, be my feye,
is also common as a substantive, order, good I schalle the nevyr bewrye.
condition, proper repair, &c. and several early HIS. Cantab, Ff. h. 38, f. ]38.
instances are quoted in the Craven Glossary. FEYER. A person who cleans anything out, as
" Ylle fetyld," Towneley Myst. p. 309. ditches, &c. East.
FETTYNE. Fetched ; brought. « Thedir salle
be fettyne," MS. Lincoln, f. 148. FEYFFE. Five. Ritson's Robin Hpod, i. 88.
FETUOUS. Same as Fetise, q. v. FEYFUL. Fatal; deadly. (A.-S.)
FEYING. Rubbish; refuse. North.
FETURES. Births ; productions. Hall. FEYLO. A companion. Weler.
FEUD. To contend. North. Also, to contend
for a livelihood, to live well. FEY^E. To dissemble ; to flatter. (^.-JV.)
FEUDJOR. A bonfire. Craven. And eekmy fere is wel the lasse
That non envy schal compasse,
FEUSOME. Handsome. No»th. Without a resonable wite,
FEUTH. Fill; plenty. Craven. To feyne and blame that I write.
FEUTRE. The rest for a spear. Also, to fix it Gower, MS. BodL 294, f. 1.
in the rest. Morte Arthure, i. 148, 157. For they constreyne
A faire floreschte spere in fewtyre. he castes. Ther hertes to feyne.
Mvi te A) thure, MS, Lincoln, f. 67- MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 45,
FEUTRED. Featured. See Dodsley, i. 92. FEYNG. Received. Hearne.
Nares is puzzled with this word, although it FEYRE. Fair ; fine ; clean.
is not unusual. " Fewters of his face," Ro- Afeyre cloth on the borde he leyd,
meus and Juliet, p. 57. Into the boure he made a brayde.
FEVER. (1) A perplexity. Var. dial MS* Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 49.
(2) A blacksmith. (^..JV.) FEYS. Fees ; properly. (^.-£)
FEYEREFOX. The feverfew. See a list of I ha^ve castels and ryche cytees,
plants in MS. Sloane 5, f. 5. Erode londys and ryche feys.
MS. Cantab. Pf. ii. 38, f. 168.
FEVEREL. February.
Here is now (4.-N.-)
another wonriyr;
In Fevetel when thou hcris thondur,
FEYT. (1) Faith. Ritson.
(2) A deed ; a bad action. Salop.
It betokynthe nche men liggyng low,
(3) To fight. West. We have feytynge in
And a glide 3&re after tosowe.
MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 8. Wright's Monastic Letters, p. 198.
FEZZON. To seize on, generally applied to the
FEVERERE. February. (A.-N.) actions of a greedy, ravenous eater. North.
And Phebus chare neyeth to Aquarie,
If is watry bemis tofore Feverere. FE3E. To fight ; to quarrel. (A~S.)
Lydga.te, MS. Soc, Antiq. 134, f. 20. FI. A term of disgust and reproach, originally
FEVER-LURDEN. The disease of idleness. applied to anything that stunk. The word is
This curious phrase, -which occurs in Lydgate, still in use in Lincolnshire for the penis.
is still current in the West of England. " You FIANCE. To affiance j to betroth. (Fr.)
havethe fever-lurgan,"you
FEVEROUS. Feverish. are too lazy to work. FIANTS. The dung of the boar, wolf, fox,
Gower. marten, or badger. A hunting term.
FEW. (1) To change. North. FIAUNCE. Trust j belief. (^.-JV.)
(2) A number, or quantity j a little ; as, a few In hym -was hys fyawnve.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 78.
(3)pottage,
Flew. &c. Perf. J'ar. dial. Chesh.
from^y. FIAZEN. Faces. Dorset.
FEWILLER. A person who supplies fuel for FIBLE. A small stick used to stir oatmeal iji
fires. Nominale MS. making pottage. YorJcsh.
FEWMETS. The dung of the deer. Also called FIBLE-FABLE. Nonsense. Fan dial.
fewmishings. Twici, p. 22. FICCHES. The pip in chickens. Line.
FE WTE . (1 ) Fealty. H awkins, i. 9 5 . FICHE. To fix ; to fasten.
in the flesche," MS. Morte Arthure.
(2) Track j vestige.*
FEWTERER. Prompt.
In hunting Parv.
or coursing, the man FICHENT. See Figmt.
who held the dogs in slips or couples, and FICHERE. A fisher. Nominale MS.
loosed them ; a dog-keeper. FICHET. A stoat. Salop,
FEWTERLOCKS Fetlocks of a horse, in Piers Ploughman, p. 468.
FEWTRILS. Little things ; trifles. Lane. FICHMANGER. A fishmonger. Gower.
FEY. (1) The upper soil. Staff. Also, to cast FICIC10N. AphysiciaB. Weber.
it off, or remove it. FICK. To kick j to straggle, JorJcsh.
(2) To discharge blood. North. FICKELTOW. The fore-tackle or carriage
(3J To do anything cleverly. Lane, Vfl^cb. gu|)j)ort8 Che plough-beam. Norf.
(ty To cleanse out. far. diaL HCO. A*lg; a term of reproach, or con-
(j5; To injure ; to muiilate. Line. tempt, often accompanied with a snap of the
 ETK 356 FIL
finger or with putting the thumb into the (3) A sore place on the foot. Line.
mouth. See Fig (1). FIKEL. Deceitful ; crafty. (A.-S.)
Behold, next I see Contempt marching forth, FILACE. A file, or thread, on which the re-
giving mee thefico with this thombe in his mouth. cords of the courts of justice were strung.
Wits Mtserie, 1596. FILANDER. The back-worm in hawks. Spelt
FID. A small thick lump. South.
FIDDLE. To scratch. East. fylaundres
FILANDS. "by
TractsBerners.
of unenclosed arable lands.
FIDDLEDEDEE. Nonsense. Var. dial East.
FIDDLER'S-FARE. Meat, drink, and money. FILDE. A field. Percy, p. 3.
FIDDLESTICKS-END, Nonsense. North. FILDMAN. Artistic. Nominale MS,
FIDE. Faith, (Lat.} FILDORE. Goldthread. (A.-N.)
FIDEL. A fiddle. Chaucer. FILE. (1) To defile. Still in use.
FID-FAD. A trifle, or trifler. Var. dial He has forsede hir and/i//ed«,
And cho es fay levede.
FIDGE. To fidget ; to sprawl. North. MS. JOoj te Arthurs, f. 63.
FIE. Same as Fay, q. v. Fie, predestined,
still in use in Northumberland. See Sir '2) List ; catalogue ; number. Shak.
Degrevant, 755. ')Harrison's
To polish,Britaine, applied p.to26.language, &c. See
FIB-CORN. Dross-corn. Suffolk.
(4) A term of contempt for a worthless person,
FIELD. A ploughed field, as distinguished a coward, &c. An odd fellow is still termed
from grass or pasture. West. *' a rum old file."
FIELDISH. Rural. Harrington. • Sory he was that falsjSjfe,
FIELD-WHORE. A very common whore. And thoujte mon to bigyle.
FIELDWORT. Gentian. Gerard. Cwt-or Mundi, MS. Coll, Trtn. Cantab, f.5,
FIERCE. Sudden; precipitate; brisk; lively. Sorful bicom that falsjftfe,
Still in use. Fyerge, Brit. Bibl. i. 472. And thoght how he moght man bi-wille.
FIERS. Proud ; fierce. {A.-N.} Ibid. MS. Cutt. Fefpa*. A. ill. f. 8.
FIEST. Linda. See Fise. (5) A girl,
FIFERS. Fibres of wood, &c. East. For to rage wy th ylka(4.-N.)
or woman. fyle,
Ther thenketh. hyra but lytyl whyle.
FIFLEF. The herb guinquefolium. MS. Hart. 1701, f. 30.
FIG. (1) Same as Fico, q. v. " Give them the FILEINIE. Wickedness. Gower.
fig," England's Helicon, p. 209. Not care a FILEWORT. The plant small cudweed.
fig, i. e. not care at all. See Florio, p. 249, FILGHE. To follow. MS. Cott.Vesp. D.vii.
ed. 1611. Still in use.
FILL. (1) A field, or meadow. Essex.
(2) To apply ginger to a horse to make him (2) To fill drink, to pour any beverage into a
carry a fine tail. Var. dial glass or cup for drinking.
(3) A raisin. Somerset.
(4) To fidget about. The term occurs in A (3) The plant restharrow. Gerard.
Quest of Enquirie, 4to. Lond. 1595; Cotgrave, FILL-BELLS. The chain-tugs to the collar of
in v. Fretilleur* a cart-horse, by which he draws. East.
FILL-DIKE, The month of February.
FIGEKT. Fidgety; restless; busy; indus- FILLER. The sli aft-horse. Hence, figuratively,
trious. See Beaumont and Fletcher, iii. 185,
512, Fichent occurs in the Cobler of Can- FILLY. to go behind, to draw back.
To foal, as a mare. Florio.
terbury, 1590, p. 72.
FIGER-TREE. A fig-tree. Scott. FILLY-TAILS. Long white clouds. North.
FIGGED -PUDDING. A raisin or plum pud- FILOURE. A steel for sharpening knives or
razors. See Pr. Parv. p. 160. In the Boke
ding. West. Called also bfiggity-pudding, of Curtasye, p. 19, the term is applied to a
FIGHTING-COCKS. Theheads of rib-grass, with rod on which curtains are hung.
which boys play by fencing with them. East.
FIGHTS. Cloth and canvass formerly used in FILOZELLO. Flowered silk. (Jtal.)
a sea-fight to hinder the men being seen by FILSTAR. A pestle and mortar. Line.
the enemy. ShaJc. FILTCHMAN. A beggar's staff, or truncheon,
FIGO. Same as Fico, q. v. formerly carried by the upright man. See the
FIG-SUE. A mess made of ale boiled with fine Fraternitye of Vacabondes, 1575.
wheaten bread and figs, usually eaten on FILTEREDB. Entangled. North.
His fax and his foretoppe was JUterede togeder*,
Good-Friday. Cnmb. lAnd owte of his face fome ane halfe fute large.
FIGURATE. Figured; tipyfied. Palsgrave. Morte Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, £ 64,
FIGURE. Price ; value. Var. dial FILTH. A sluttish person. West.
FIGURE-FLINGER. An astrologer. See Tay- FILTHEDE. Filthiness, (A.-S.)
lor's No Mercurius Aulicus, 4to. 1644. But for to delyte here in folye,
FIGURETTO. A figured silk. (ItdL) In the filthede of foute lecherye.
FFKE, (1) A fig. Nominale MS. M^Addit. U305, f. 96.
(2) To be very fidgety ; to move in an uucon- FILTHISH, Filthy ; impure. H&&
stant, undeterminate manner; to go about FILTHY. Covered with weeds. West,
idly. North, See Richard Coer de Lion, FILTRY. Kith ; rubbish. Somerset.
4749. FILYHAND.
 357 FIR
FIN

FIMASHINGS. In hunting, the dung of any to be in the dictionaries. It is in common

kind of wild beasts. Berners. use, and occurs in Florio, p. 139.
FIMBLE. (1) A wattled chimney. West. FINGERS. The fingers are thus named in a
(2) To fumble; to do anything imperfectly. nursery rhyme, thumb, foreman, lone/man,
Var. dial It occurs in the Schoole of Good ringman, and littleman. Similar names are
Manners, 1629. of high antiquity, and the following occur in
(3) Thistle, or female-hemp. East. See Tus- a curious MS. of the fifteenth century.
like a fyngir has a name, als men thaire fyngers czllt.
ser's Husbandry, pp. 153, 172. The lest fyngir hat Utyl n>an, for Jut is lest of alle ;
FIN. (1) To find ; to feel ; to end. Cumb. wrojtfynger
The next ; hat lei he man, for quen a leche dot, 031,
(2 ) The herb restharrow. Midi. C. With that fynger he tastes all thyng, hcwe that hit is
(3") A finger. Var. dial
(4) The broad part of a plough-share. i-wis;hat the rnydilmast, for longest fynger hit is ;
Longmtm
FINAUNCE. Fine ; forfeiture. Percy. The ferthe men calles totvLht?) > iherwith men t( uches
FINCH. To putt a finch, to cheat any one out
of money. Chaucer. The fifte fynger is the tftownile, and hit has most myjt,
And fastest haldes of alle the tother, forthi men calks
FINCH-BACKED.
to cattle. North. "White on the back, applied hit njt. MS. Cantab. Ff. V.-I8, f. 82,
FINCHED. Finished. Will Werw. FINGLE-FANGLE. A trifle. See A Book for
Boys and Girls, Lond. 1686, pref,
FIND. (1 ) To supply ; to supply with provisions.
Still in common use. F1NIAL. A pinnacle. This is the usual mean-
(2) To stand sponsor to a child. West. ing in early documents.
(3) To find one with the manner, to discover FINISHING. Any ornament in stone at the
corner of a house. Holme.
one in the act of doing anything.
(4) A fiend. Lydgate. FINKEL. Fennel. North. " Fynkylsede,/em-
FINDESTOW. Wilt thou find. (4.-S.} culum," Nominale MS.
FINDINGS. Inventions. MS. Ps. Cott. FINNERY. Mouldy. West,
FINNEY. Humoured ; spoilt. West.
FINE. (1) To end ; to finish. (A.-N.) FINNIKIN. Finical. Var. dial
And lete the stremis of thy mercy schyne
Into my breste, the thridde book to ///we. FINNY. A frolic. 7. Wight.
Lydgate, MS. Sac. Antiq. 134, f> 8. FINS. Finds ; things found. North.
And he shall regne in every wightes sight FINT. Found. Weber, iii. 27.
In the house of Jacobbe eternally by lyne, FIP. A fillip. VOLT. dial.
\Vhose kyngdome ever shall laste, and never fyne FIPPLE. The under-lip. North.
Lydgate, MS. Ashmote 39, f. 28. FIR-APPLES. The cones of firs. Var. dial
And aftirwarde the 5ere fynende>
The god hath made of hire an ende.
FIRBAUKS. Straight young firs, fit for lad-
Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 71. ders, scaffolding, &c. East.
Flesshe ete never of al and alle, FIRBOME. A beacon. Pr. Parv.
He fyned never on God to calle. FIRDED. Freed. Craven.
Cursor Mundi. MS. ColL Trin. Cantab, f. 79- FIRE. To burn. Hence, to have the lues
(2) To refine ; to purify ; to adorn. venerea. " Beware of your fire," MS, Asl m.
And thare be fyned als golde that schynes cleere. 36, 37. More fire in, the bed-straw, more
Hampole, MS. Bowes, p. 84. concealed mischief.
As goide in fyre Is fynid by assay. FIRE-BUCKETS. Buckets of water used for
Lydgate, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 7. quenching fires. Higins.
(3) Perfect ; unconditional. Gawayne. FIRE-DAMP. The inflammable air or gas of
FINE-FORCE. By fine force, by absolute power coal mines. North,
or compulsion. Of fine force, of necessity. FIRE-DEAL. A good deal. Wilts.
See A Courtlie Controversie of Cnpid's Cau- FIRE-DRAKE. A fiery dragon. See Ellis,
tels, 1578, p. 51 ; State Papers, ii, 478 ; Hall, ii. 165. Later writers apply the term to a
Henry IV. f. 29 ; Troilus and Creseide, v. 421. fiery meteor, and sometimes to a kind of tire*
HNEGUE. To avoid ; to evade. West. work. Firemen were also called fire-drakes.
FINE-LEAF. A violet. Line. FIRE-FAN GED. Fire-bitten. North.
FINELESS. Endless. ShaJc. FIRE-FLAUGHT. Lightning, horth.
FINENESS Subtlety. Massinger. FIRE-FLINGER. An incendiary. Hall
JTNENEY. To mince ; to be very ceremonious. FIRE-FORK, A shovel for the fire. (./,-£)
Devon. FIRE HOOK. An iron instrument formerly used
FINER. A refiner of metals. Fyners, Cocke for pulling houses down when set on fire.
Lorelles Bote, p. 9. FIRE -IRON. A piexie of iron or steel used for
FINEW. Mouldiness, or mnstiness. " Finew'd striking a light with a flint. Pr. Parv.
waxe," MirrorA for Mag. DekJcer.
ap. Nares. FIRE-LEVEN, Laghtoig. C%aucer.
FINGERER. thief. FIRE-NEW. Quite new. Shaft. "Or fire-new
FINGERKYNS. A term of endearment, men- fashion, in a sleeve or slop," Du Bartas, p.
516. Still in use.
tioned in Palsgrave's Acolkstns, 1540.
F1NGERLING. A finger-stall, or cover for a FIRE-OIVB1LL. A fierce burning jpaia in t>
. ftager or thumb, fingerstall does not appear and feet. North.
 FIS 358 FIV
FIRE-PAN. A fire-shovel ; a vessel used for FISSES Fists. Var. dial
conveying fire from one apartment to another. FISSLE. (1) A thistle. Suffolk.
far. dial. (2) To fidget. North. In early English the
FIRE-PIKE. A fire-fork. It Is translated by same as Fine, q. v. and still in use.
furcitta in MS. Arund. 249, f. 89. FIST. Same as Fise, q. v.
FIRE -POINT. A poker. North. FIST-BALL. A kiiid of ball like a foot-ball,
FIRE -POTTER. A poker. Lane. beaten with the fists. See the Nomenclator,
FIRE-SHIP. A prostitute. South. No doubt 1585, p. 296.
from the old meaning of fire, q. v. FISTING-HOUND. A kind t>f spaniel, men-
FIRE-STONE. A flint used with steel or iron tioned inHarrison's England, p, 230.
for striking a light with. FISTY, The fist To come to fisty-cuffs, i. e.
FIRK. (1) A trick, or quirk ; a freak. Fir&ery, to fight. Var. dial.
a very odd prank. FIT. (1) Ready ; inclined. Var. dial
(2) To whip ; to beat. See also Ferke. (2) To match ; to be equal with. Shalt.
FIRLY. Confusion ; tumult. North. (3) A division of a song, poem, or dance. See
FIRLY-FARLY. A wonder. Craven. Thornton Romances, p. 191.
FIRM. To confirm. North. SeeLambarde's FITCH. (1) A polecat. Somerset.
Perambulation, 1596, p. 405. (2) A small spoonful. Line.
FIRRE. Further. Syr Gawayne. FITCHES. Vetches. Var. dial
FIRRED. Freed, Craven. FITCHET. A polecat. Ako called fitch,
FIRRENE. Made of fir. (A>~S.) fitchee, fitcher, fitcholCj jit chew, and fitchuJs.
FIRST. (1) Forest. Hearne. Harrison, p. 225, seems to make some distinc-
Gawayne. tion between the fit chew and polecat^ and the
(2) Early ; youthful. term is sometimes explained a kind of stoat or
FIRST-END. The beginning. North.
FIRSTER. First. North. weasel. It was formerly a term of contempt.
FIRST-FOOT. The name given to the person FITCH ET-PIE. A pie composed of apples,
who first enters a dwelling-house on New- onions, and bacon. North.
Year's day. North. FITH. A fight. " Man that goth in fray and
FIRSUN. Furze or gorse. MS. Med. fyth? Arch. xxx. 383.
FIRTHE, A wood, or coppice. F1THELE. A fiddle. (A.-S.}
In the frount of ttefyrthe, as the wayeforthis, Meche she kouthe of mcnstrakie,
Fyfty thosande of folke was felhcle at ones. Of harpe, offttttelc, of sautri.
Mfcte Arthur*, MS. Lincoln, f. 72. Gy of Watrwifa; p. 4125.
FIRTLE. To fidget. Cumo. FITMENT. Equipment, or dress. S/ia&.
FISE. Lirida. Nominale MS. FITONE. To tell falsehoods. See Stauihurst,
FISGIG. (1) Frisky. Warw. p. 15. Palsgrave has jfaf/ew.
(2) A worthless fellow. Somerset. In Craven, FITPENCE. Five-pence. Devon.
a light-heeled wench. See Skelton's Works, FITTEN. A pretence, or feint. West. Gifford,
ii. 175. "Afisgig, orfiskiug housewife, trotieref in his notes on Ben Jonson, seems unac-
Howell, 1660. quainted with this provincialism. No doubt
(3) A kind fromfitone, q. v.
FISH. As of boy'sas top.
mu£e afisk, Blount.
very silent. See the FITTER. To kick with the feet, as cross chil-
Two Lancashire Lovers, 1640, p. 266. " Hoc dren do. Hencej to be in a passion. North.
mihi non est negotium, I have other fish to FITTERS. Persons who vend and load coals,
Me," MS. Rawl, A.D. 1656. fitting ships with cargoes. North. All in
FISHER. A dish composed of apples baked in fitters, i. e. in very small pieces or fragmeat&.
batter. Devon. Yorksb.
FISHERATE. To provide for. East. Per- FITTILY. Neatly ; nicely 5 cleverly. Devon.
haps a corruption of officiate. FTTTINGEST. Most fitting. (d*-S.)
FISH-FAG. A fish-woman. South. FITTLE. (1) Victuals. Won.
FISH-GARTHS. Places made by the sides of (2) To tattle, or blab. Somonet.
rivers for securing fishes, so that they might (3) To clean. Oason.
be more easily caught. FITTLE D-ALE. Ale with spirits warmed and
FISHING-TAUM. An angling line. North. sweetened. Yorfok.
FISH-LEEP. A fish-basket. Pr. Pan. FITTON. Same as Htone, q. v.
FISK. To frisk about, idling. "That runneth FITTY. (1) A term applied to lands left by the
wtjisTcing," Tusser, p. 286. sea ; marsh-lands. Lino.
FrSNAMY. Face, or "similitude of man or (2) Neat ; clever; proper. South.
beast/' Huloet, 1552. FIVE-FINGERS. OxHps. Bs#& Called/w-
ThP faireste of fyssnamy that fourmede was ever. finger-grass in v.Florin, p, 138. Also the same
Mm te Ai-thw e, MS. Lincoln, f. 88. as Atiberryi q.
FISOBROWE. A kind of lobster; translated FIVE-LEAF. The herb cmquefoft,
by ffants in Nominale MS. FIVE-PENNI-MORRIS. The$*me&Emerri£s,
FISS-BUTTQCKED-SOW. A fat, coarse, vul- or nine men's morris, as Sbake^^eatft tefuit it,
gar, presuming woman. East, It was commonly played in England
 359 FLA
FLA
stones, but in France with counters made on FLAGRANT. Fragrant. Arch. xxix. 32D.
FLAH. Turf for fuel. North.
purpose for it.
FIVES. Avives, a disease in horses. FLAID. Afraid; terrified. North. "Thay
FIX. A lamb yeaned dead. West. weren aflayde? Archaeologia, xxii. 369.
FIXACIOUN. Fixing. A chemical term. FLAIE. Flew. Chaucer.
To do ther "bejiraczour),
FLAIGHT. Same as Flak, q. v.
With temprjd hetis of thefyre. FLAIK, A portion or space of stall. Also, a
Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 119. wooden frame for keeping oat-cakes upon.
FIXE. Fixed. Chaucer. North.
FIXEN. A vixen, or scold. North. FLAINE. (1) The ray-fish. North.
FIXENE. The female fox.
The faen& fox whelpeth under the erthe more (2) Fled. Chaucer.
FLAIRE. The ray, or scate. Ray.
depe than the bicche of the wolf doith.
MS. BodZ. 546% FLAITCH. To flatter; to persuade. Cumb.
FIX-FAX. Same as Faxwax, q. v. FLAITE. To scare, or frighten. North.
FIXURE. Fixed position. Shak. FLAKE. (1) A paling, or hurdle, of any de-
FIZ. A flash; a hissing noise. Var. dial. scription a; temporary gate or door. North.
The term occurs m Holinshed, Chron. Ireland,
HencQfizgig, a small quantity of damp powder
set alight by boys for their amusement. p. 178. SeeJF&i*.
FIZMER. To fidget. Suffolk. (2) A piece, or fragment. Line.
FIZZLE. To do anything without noise, as (3) A scale or covering membrane. Pr. Paw.
FLAKE-WHITE. White lead. Holme.
flatus bentris, sine crepitu aut sonitu. See FLAM. (1) To deceive or cheat. Kent. Also a
Cleaveland's Poems, 1660, p. 40 ; Florio,p. 8. substantive, a falsehood.
Fizzler, MS. Addit. 5008. To nestle. Quimb.
FLA. To frighten. Yorfah. (2 ) A violent fall ; a heavy stroke. North.
FLAAT. Scolded. Craven. (3) A low marshy place, particularly near a river.
FLABBERGAST. To astonish, or confound This word is common at Islip, co. Oxon, and
perhaps in other places, though it was long
utterly with amazement.
FLABBERKIN. / "ar. dial.
Flabby. Nash, 1592. since mentioned by Hearne as peculiar to
FLABELL. A fan. Junius, 1585. Oxfordshire. See Gloss, to Langtoft, p. 571.
FLABERGULLION. A lout, or clown. It is, however, in no printed glossary.
FLACK. (1) A blow, or stroke. Last. FLAMBE. A flame. (^.-JV.) Also a herb,
mentioned in MS. Med. Line, f, 314.
(2) To hang loosely. Var. dial. FLAMED. In named. Spenser.
(3) To move backwards and forwards ; to palpi- FLAME-FEW. The brilliant reflection of tne
tate. Flacker in Craven Gloss, i. 1 52. moon seen in the water.
Hire coldebreste bygan to hete,
Here herte also to flacke and bete. FLAMMAKIN. A blowsy slatternly wench.
Gouter, MS. Soc. Antnq. 134, f. 237. Devon.
FLACKER. To flutter; to quiver. North. FLAMMANDE. Glittering.
Fesauntez enflureschit in fia-mmomde silver.
FLACKERED. Rejoiced. Cumb. Sfwto Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f. 55.
FLACKET. (1) To flap about. Hence, a girl FLAM-NEW. Quite new. Cornw.
whose clothes hang loosely about her ; FLAMPOYNTES. Pork pies, seasoned with
eting wench. East. cheese and sugar, A common dish in early
(2) A bottle or flask. North. cookery. See Warner, p. 66.
of gold," Morte d' Arthur, i. 282. FLAN. Broad and large. North.
FLACKING-COMB. A wide-toothed comb. FLANCANTERKIN. The white rot. Som.
SeeBatchelor's Oithoep. Anal. 1809, p. 132. FLANCARDES. Coverings for a horse's flanks.
FLACKY. Hanging loosely. East. See Hall, Henry IV. f. 12.
FLAFFER. Same as Ffac&er, q. v. " A thou- FLANCH. A projection. North.
wnfiLjlqfflnff flags," Du Bartas, p. 363. FLANE. to flay. (4.-S.)
FLAG. (1) A flake of snow. North. FLANG. (1) Flung ; rushed. Weber.
(2) Turf, or sod. East. The term is also applied (2) To slam a door. Suffolk.
to the small pieces of coarse grass common in FLANGE. To project out. Var. dial
some meadows^
FLAGEIN. Flattering ; lying. North. FLANKER. A spark of fire. West. "
FLAGELL. (1) A flageolet. of fier," Holinshed, Chronicles o£ Ireland,
p. 148. See Devon. Dial.
(2) Terror j frigfot ; scourge. Lydyate. For who can hide the jfancktinfr frame,
FLAGELUTE. A rent or hole in a garment. East. That still itselfe betrajtetf ?
FLAGETTE. A flagon. Chester Plays,!. 124,
FLAG-FEATHERS. The festteta at the wings FLANN. Shallow. OtM. T«rbe vilf* (toid, 1567, f. S31.
nest tfcte kxly of a iba-wk. FLANNJ2D. S&aSow. O<*Wn.
FLAGGE. A groat. Harmon. FLANNEN. Ilanuel. V*K dial.
FLAGGING. (I) Paving with stones. West. FLANTOM. A, flafttmn-fiktherum piebald di&i
(£) Flapping; Waving Devon, i. e. a woman fantastically dressed T<dtii various
HAG&Y. Flabtoy. Somerset. colours. Grotie.
FJU.GITATE. To desire earnestly. (Lat<) . (1) A stroke, tMr tducfe. « A flop witfc ft
 FLA 360 FLA
FLASHY. Gay ; showy. Also, loose, unstable,
fox-taile," Florio, p. 137. Hence, an affliction
as unsound grass ; insipid.
of any kind. East. Also, to strike or beat. FLASKER. To flutter; to quiver. North.
See HowelTs Lex. Sect. i.
And thane Alexander sett hym up In his bedd, Wilbraham says, ''to choke, or stifle."
A clothes-basket. Also, a shallow
and gaffe hymeselfe a gyctetfappe on the cheke, and FLASKET.
bygane for to weperijte bitterly. washing-tub. Var. dial
Je MS. Lincoln A. i.J, f.48. FLASKIN. Same as Bottle (1), Yorksh.
Alle thefiescheof the flanke hejlappes in sondyre. (1) Sorrowful; out of spirits; heavy;
JUS. jtforifl ^J */*«' e, f. 82. FLAT.
without business. Var. diaL
(2) To flap a froize, to turn it in the pan without (2) A hollow in a field. Glouc. Any very smooth
touching it. East. level place. Anciently, a field.
(3) A piece of anything flapping to and fro on a (3) Entirely. Dent's Pathway, p. 138.
line or point, as a jfly^t o drive flies away.
See Nomenclator, p. 251; Tarlton, p. 120; (4)and p. 182. " Swiche a fiat," Arthour
Merlin,or stroke.
A blow,
Randolph's Jealous Lovers, 1646, p. 23; Cocke FLAT-BACK. A common knife. North.
Lorelles Bote, p. 2.
FLAT-CAPS, A nick-name for the citizens, de-
(4) An unsteady woman. Dutft, rived from their dress. SeeAmends for Ladies,
FLAP-DOCK. Foxglove. Devon.
p. 62. It was a general term of deri&ion.
FLAPDOODLE. The stuff fools are said to be FLATCH. To flatter. North.
nourished on. West. FLATCHET . The stomach. Devon.
FLAP-DRAG ON. A small substance, such as a
FLAT-FISH. Flounders, &c. South. See a
plum or candle-end, set afloat in a cup of list Qi flat-fish in Harrison, p. 224.
spirits, and when set on fire, to be snatched by FLATH. Filth ; dirt ; ordure. West
the mouth and swallowed. This was a com- FLATHE. The ray, or scate. Pr. Parv.
mon amusement in former times, but is now
FLAT-IRON. A heater-shaped iron without a
nearly obsolete. Flap-dragon was also a cant box. Var. dial
term for the luesvenerea* FLATIVE. Flatulent. Aws. JDram,
FLAP- JACK. (1) The lapwing. Suffolk. FLATLING. Flat. To strike flailing, to strike
with the broad flat side of anything. See
A pancake,
(2)and " D onsets and flappjacks," King
a Poore Northerne Man, 1640. The term
is applied in Norfolk to an apple turnover. Florio, p. 137 ; Morte d'Arthur, i. 294 ; Tern-
pest, ii. 1 ; Bourne's Inventions or Devises,
Jennings says, " a fried cake made of batter, 1578, No, 32. "Flat pece, patera," MS.
Arund.249,f.89.
apples, &c." joint of meat. East. And to hys chaumfcuir can he gone,
(3) A flat thin
FLAPPERS, Young birds just enabled to try And leyde hym^a^^on the groundc.
SIS. Cantab. Ff. ii.38, f. 9fc
their wings before they fly. East.
FLAPPE-S AWCE , A term of reproach, formed FLATLINS. Plainly ; peremptory. North.
similarly to flapdoodle, .q. v. FLAT-MILK. Skimmed milk. Line.
Nowehathe this glutton, 1. this tfappe-sawce, the
thyng that he may plentuously swallowe downe hole. FLAT-RHAN. FLATOUR. A flatterer. (^.-A1.)Staff.
Stratas of coal.
Palfgrave** Acolastus, 1540. FLATS. Small white fresh-water fish, as roach,
FLAPPY. Wild ; unsteady. North. &c. Suffolk.
FLAPS. Large broad mushrooms. East. FLAT-STONE. A measure of iron-stone.
FLAPSE. To speak impertinently. Also, an FLATTEN. To strike, or slap. (^/.-JV.)
impudent fellow. Beds. FLATTER-DOCK. Pond weed. Chesh.
FLAPSY. Flabby. Beds. FLAUGH. Flew; fled. Ritson.
FLARE. (1) To flare up} to be very angry all of FLAUGHTER. (1) To frighten. Yorteh.
a sudden. Var. dial. (2) Thin turf turned up. North.
FLAUMPEYNS. A dish in ancient cookery
(2) Fat round a pig's kidney. West
(3) Saliva. Somerset. composed of pork, figs, eggs, pepper, saffron,
FLARING. Showy; gaudy. North. salt, white sugar, &c. See Flampoynte*.
FLARNECK. To flaunt vulgarly. East. FLAXJN. A custard, generally made in raised
FL ARRANGE. A bustle; a great hurry, Norf.
paste. North. The term is common in an-
FLASH. (1) To make a flash, i. e. to let boats cient receipts, but it was made in various ways-,
down through a lock. West. It is a common and a kind of pancake was so called. Nettle-
term for a pool. See Flosche. ham feast at Easter is called the Flown, pos-
(2) A perriwig, North. sibly from flauna having been formerly eaten
(3) To rise up. " The sea flashed up unto his at that period of the year.
legs and knees," Holinshed, Hist. England, FLAUNTS. Fineries. Shah.
p. 181. See Palsgrave's Acolastus, 1540. FLAUT. A roll of wool carded ready for
(4) To trim a hedge. East. spinning. North.
(5) To cut a flash, to make a great show for a FLAYER. Froth, or foam. Line.
short time.
FLAW. A violent storm of wind. SeeBrome'a
'6) A sheaf of arrows. Sftnner. Travels, 1700, p. 241 ; Florio, p» 132. Hence*
FI^SHES. TJie hot stages of a fever. South metaphoricallv, a quarrel*
 FLE 361 FLE
FLAWE. (1) Yellow. Chaucer. FLEAURE. The floor. North.
(2) To flay an animal. Pr. Parv. FLEBLEJ). Enfeebled. (4.-N.)
FLAWES. (1) Square pieces of heath-turf, dried FLEERING. Slander. Skinner.
for fuel. Yorfah. FLECCHE. To separate from ; to quit.
(2) Sparks. Possibly this may be the word in- Som man, for lak of ocupaaon,
tended inMeas. for Meas. ii. 3. Museth farther than his wit may strecche,
s of fyre flawraes one theire hclmes. And at fendis mstigacion
Morte Aithwe, MS. Lincoln, f. 80. Dampnable erroure holdcth, and can notjlecche*
FLAWGHTIS. Flakes of snow. Qccleve* MS. Soc. Antiq* 134, f. 251.
And thare begaiie for to falle grete flawghti* FLECCHED. Dismissed; separated.
of snawe, as thay had bene grete lokkes of wolle. Out is he put, Adam the wrecched,
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 31. Fro Paradis fouly flecched.
FLAWING. Barking timber. Kent. Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 7
FLAWMBE. Aflame. (A.-N.) FLECK. (1) The down of animals. East.
FLAAVPS. An awkward, noisy, untidy and (2) A crack, or defect ; a spot. North.
slovenly person. North.
FLAWS. Thin cakes of ice. Shak. (3) To fly. Chesh.
(4) A side of bacon. NortJiumb.
FLAXEN-EGG. An abortive egg. Devon.
FLAX-WIFE. A female spinner. Ball. (5) Lightning. " Like fleck." East.
(6) To comb. Hence flecken-comb, a comb with
FLAY. (1) To pare turf from meadow-land with large teeth. South.
a breast-plough. West. (7) To deprive ; to steal. East.
(2) To mix. A term in old cookery, Also, to (8) A sore place in the flesh where the skin is
take the chill off liquor. rubbed off. Line. Also, the flesh itself.
(3) Same as Fla, q. v. FLECKED. (1) Arched; vaulted. (^.-M)
(4) To skin a hart or hind. A hunting term. (2) Marked; spotted; streaked. It occurs in
FLAY-BOGGARD. A hobgoblin. North. Chaucer, Piers Ploughman, &c. Still in use
FLAY-CRAW. A scarecrow. Craven. in Lincolnshire.
FLAYRE. Smell; odour. FLECKER. To flutter, Chaucer.
And alle swete savowres that, men may fele
Of alkyn thyng that here saveres wele,
FLECKSTONE. A small stone used in spinning.
Nominale MS.
War noght bot styncke to regarde of the flayre,
That es in the cyt6 of hefen so fayre. FLECT. To attract, or allure. Hall
Havnpole, MS. Bowes, p. 230. FLECTEN. To abound. Skinner.
FLAYSOME. Frightful. North. Salop. Damaged by the fly, or wet weather*
FLED.
FLAZE. A smoky flame. Var. dial.
FLAZZ. Newly fledged. Kent. FLEDGE. Fledged. Shale.
FLAZZ ARD. A stout broad-faced woman PLEDGERS . Same as Flappers, q.v.
dressed in a showy manner. East. FLEE. To fly. Also, a fly. North.
FLEA. (1) To flay off the skin. North. FLEE-B Y-THE-SKY. A flighty person ; a silly
(2) To send one away with a flea in his ear, i. e. giggling girl. North.
to dismiss him with a good scolding, or make EECE. To cheat any one. Var. dial.
him uneasy, See Ainim's Nest of Nannies, FLEECH. (1) A turn ; a bout. Nash.
1608, p. 30. (2) To supplicate in a flattering manner; to
FLEA-BITE. A mere trifle. Var. dial wheedle. North.
FLEA-BITTEN. Of a dark speckled colour. FLEEDE. Fled. (A.-S.)
Thane the Bretons on the bente habyddez no lengere,
" A flea-bitten horse never tires," old pro- Bot fleecte to the foreste, and the feelde levede.
verb. See Ben Jonson, iv. 482. Mm te A) thtire, MS. Lincoln, f. 68.
FLEACHE S. Portions into which timber is cut
by the saw. East. FLEE -FLO WNS. The eggs of flies in meat.
FLEAD. (1) Stood. Cumb. Dorset.
(2) Lard. Kent and Sussex. FLEEING-EATHER. The dragon-fly. North.
FLEA-DOCK. The herb butter-burr. FLEEK. A flitch of bacon. North,
FLEEN. Fleas. Chaucer.
FLEAK. (1) A flounder. Northumt.
(2) To tire, or exhaust. North. FLEENURT. A field flower of a yellow colour.
Lane.
(3) A small lock, thread, or twist. Metaphori-
cally, alittle insignificant person. See Nares. FLEER. To laugh ; to grin ; to sneer. " I
fleere, I make an yvefi countenaunce with
(4) A variegated snail-shell. Zinc.
FLEAKY. Flabby; soft. North. the mouthe by uncoveryng of the tethe,"
FLEAM. A water-course. North. Palsgrave. Still in use.
FLEAMY. Clotted with blood. Line. FLEET. (1) To float. South. Also, a salt-water
FLE AN. Flayed. Gent* Rec, ii. 77. tide creek. Formerly anr stream was called
FLEAND. Flying. See Torrent, p. 61, inflect. Hence, Fleet-ditch. In the North,
Fare welle, y parte fro the, shallow water is termed fleet-water •, and the
Thefle&nd devylle wyth the bee, word is alpo applied to a bog. Flett, floated,
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 134. Towneley Myst p. 31. Fleet, water. See
FLEASH. The substance under the bark, or AwU's Keanetfs MS. Glossary.
rind of h«rbs» Baret.
(2) To skim milk. Far. dial. " You fleeten
 FLE FLE
3(12
shrinke for a blucldi nose with any Loye, for ha
face," Beaumont and Flist. v. 442, i. e. you was then thorowely yte*/ieJ by the raeani of Kin-ge.
whey face. Also, to skim any liquor of sedi- MS. Ashvtmh 308.
ment lying on the surface.
(3) The windward side. Somerset. FLESH-AXE. A butcher's cleaver.
FLESHLY. Flexible. (^.-Al)
(4) To gutter, as a candle. Glouc. FLESHMENT. Pride of success. Shak.
FLEETING. A perquisite. Line.
FLEETING-DISH. A shallow dish for skim- FLESSHAMYLS. A butcher's shambles,
FLET. A floor; a chamber. (V/.-S.) See
ming off the cream. North.
FLEETINGS. Curds. North. Launfal,
FLEET-MILK. Skimmed milk. North. Political Songs, p. 337: Gy of9 ;Warlike,
979 ; Wright's Anecd. p. Wright's
p. 3. A field of battle, Weber, i. 101.
FLEGE. Sedge grass. Nominale MS. FLET-CHEESE. Cheese made of skimmed milk.
FLEGEL. Aflagelet. (A.-N.) East Anglia.
Tho the cloth was y-drawe,
The waile gan a flegd blawe.
FLETCHER. An arrow-maker. Properly, the
Alexander, AuuhtnlecTc RlS, person who put on the feather.
FLEGG. A fly. Northumb. FLETCHES, Green pods of peas. East.
FLEGGE. Severe ; terrible. (4.-N.) FLETE. (1) Same as Fleet, q. v.
For to consume, with his fervent heete,
FLEGGED. (1) Fledged. East. The rusty fylthe that in my mouth doth Jfcrt*.
(2) Parted ; shaped. Arch. xxs. 407. Lydgate, MS. Sw. Ant^. 13*, f* &,
FLEH. Same as Flay, q. v. Betre is to flete than to synke.
FLEICHS. Flesh. W. Mapes, p. S34, Gower>MS.Ibid, F. yi.
FLEIH. Flew; fled. Hearne. (2) Flitted ; flew. Gawayne.
FLE ING ALL. A kestrel hawk. FLETE RE. To flitter. Lydgat*.
FLEITER. To prop the bank of a brook da- FLET-MITTE. Skimmed milk. Korttt. This
maged by a flood. JDerb. form occurs in Kennett's MS. Gloss.
FLEO. See FMk and flake. FLETSHER. A young peas-cod. East.
FLEKED. Bent; turned. Hearne. FLETT. A scolding, or fliting.
FLETTE. Flitted. Lelandi Itin.
FLEKRAND.
FLEKYT. SameSmiling. 'R.deBrunne.
as Flecked, q. v. FLEUKS. Fat vermin in the livers of diseased
FLEM". A farrier's lancet. Flem-stick, a small sheep, rar. dial.
stick to strike it into the vein, FLEW. (1) Shallow. Somerset. Spelt Jftott in
FLEME. (1) A river, or stream ; a large trench Batchelor's Orthoep. Anal. p. 133. It occurs
cot ior draining. West. in Pr. Parv. p. 167, and Huloct, 1552.
To./femi? Jordon and to Betllem,
And to the borogh of Jerusalem. (2) The
(3) The down
same asof Flem,
animals.q. v./ 'ar.
Midi.dialC.
MS. Cantab. Ff . n. 38, f- 72.
(4) A kind of fishing-net. Palsgrave.
(2) To banish. (A.-S.) (5) Washy ; tender ; weak. North.
FLEMED. Flamed; burnt. W&er. FLE WED. Having large hanging chaps, which
FLEMER. Abanisher. (4.-S.) in hounds were called^fews. " Whfen ahonuci
FLEMNOUS. A phlegmatic person.
Fat of kynde the Jiemnous may trace, is fleet, faire flewd, and well hangd," LSlb'*8
And know hyme best by whylnes of hys facre. Mydas,wased.also
horn 1632,called
sig. X.
the xi.
flew.The tip of a deer's
MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 140.
FLEN. Fleas. Reliq. Antiq. i.91. FLEWKE. The tunney. It is translatecl bj
FLENE. To fly ; to escape from. ^.-S.) pelamus in Nominale MS. Spelt Jlake, and
They ttere so smert and so fcefte, made synonymous with the sea flountftr, in
They made the Sarsyns all to fane. Harrison's England, p. 224. According to
3£S. Cttntab. Ff li, 38, f. 168.
They myjt be no vreyjkne,
Palsgrave,
Brit BibL iv. " a 316.
kynde of a pleas." Ste also
Her eritage is ther to bene. FLEWME. Phlegm. Arch. xxx. 407.
MS. Cantab. Ff. v* 48, f. 3?,
FLEWORT. A herb. Its synonyrue in MS.
FLEOTEN, To float, or sail (^.-5.) Sloane 5, f. 5, is ijppia minor.
FLEPPER. The under lip. Also, to pout or FLEXS. Flesh.
hang the lip. North. God mad tham kyrtels than icif ht(tu,
FLERYANDE. Fleering ; grinning. And cled thar^Zfflpj wit for to hirfe*
Fy ! sais syr Fondas, thow Jleryande wryche. MS. Cttft. r&pat. A. hi. f. 7.
Mwte Arthur e, MS Lincoln, f. 82, FLBXY. To fly. JR. de Bnmne.
FLESCHELYHEDE. Fleshliness. FLEY. Fled. Als<H to fly.
Of no careyne, of no Jiescfielyhede, Crete stroky* the ye-int g:afe,
MS. Soc. Jntiy. 134> f . 28. And to the erthe^ by» »taf*.
MS. Gontab* Ff. H, Sit, f. 64.
FLESH. To feed a hound to encotirage" him to FLE YCH. Flesh. Soags and Carols, x. Ptyfa,
run well. Hence, generally, to fatten. See
Harrison's England, p. 152. In the following Harrowing of Hell, p» 27 j fteytith, Ponafce ol
passage it means enured tojight, made strong Cury, p. 21 ; jteya?, Relio. Aatlq* il 5U
and braw>* FLEYER. A kidney. MS. M^d. J£te.
And Simon beate them bo the, and made them PLBYNE. Baaiished. Bob. Glottc, t>. 343.
both gwe of; and after that Sitaon wold not
(1) Flew, Prort^l*
 FLI 363 PLI
(2) A fleece of wool. Translated by vettus in (3) To kick ; to resent, Devon.
Nominate MS. (4) To dance in a peculiar manner, as in the
FLIBBERGIBBER. A lying knave. See Frat. dance so called; to throw out the legs. North.
of Vacabondes, 1575, repr, p. 22, Flitterti- FLINGING-TREE, A piece of timber hung as
gibbet is the name of a fiend occasionally men- a partition in a stall, North.
tioned byold writers. FLINT-COAL. A kind of coal, so called from
FLICK. (1) The membrane loaded with fat in containing flint. North.
the stomach of animals. West. FLINTS. Refuse barley in making malt. Var.
dial. Dean Milles MS.
(2) A flitch of bacon. North. " Perm, a flyk,"
Nominale MS. FLIP. (1) A slight sudden blow. East. Also,
Tak the larde of a swyne flulf, and anoynte the to fillip ; to jerk ; to move nimbly ; to throw.
marines fete therwith underneth. Somerset. Lilly, Mother Bombie, ed. 1632,
MS. Med. Line. f. 304.
sig. Dd. ii, seems to use the word in the sense,
(3) A trial, or attempt. South.
(4) A slight blow, or stroke, especially with a (2)toAfillip. To flip up, to turn up one's sleeves.
potation compounded of beer, gin, and
whip. Far. dial. Also, to give a jerk. coarse sugar. Suffolk.
(5) The down of animals. East. (3) Nimble ; flippant. Devon.
(6) To lap up. South. FLIPE. The brim of a hat ; a flake of snow.
FLICKER. (1) To flatter. (A.-S.) Also, to pull off. North.
(2) To kiss ; to embrace. Palsgrave. FLIPFLAP. Same as Flap (3).
FLICKER-MOUSE. A bat. Jorum. FLIPPER-DE-FLAPPER. Noise and confusion
FLICKETS. Blushes. Devon.
caused by show. Sussex. " I nere saw such
FLICK-TOOTH-COMB. A comb with coarse
large teeth. Somerset. ^flipper de flapper
Northerne Man, 1640. before/' King and a Poore
FLIDDER. A limpet. North. FLIPPERING. Crying ; weeping. North.
FLIG. Fledged. Chesh. " Flygge as byrdes FLIPPITY-FLOP, Draggle-tailed; awkward in
be, plumeu" Palsgrave. fine clothes. Wanv.
FLIGGARD. A kite of a diamond form, much FLIRE. Same as Fleer, q. v. Miring, HoJinshed,
used about forty years since by Yorkshire Chron. Ireland, p. 83.
schoolboys. Tho two false, wyth grete yre,
FLIGGED. (1) Fledged. North. Stode and behelde her ryche atyre,
(2) Matted ; entangled. Line. And beganne to lagh and flyre.
FLIGGER. To flutter; to quiver. East. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii 38, f. 237.
FLIGGERS. (1) Same as Flappers, q. v. FLIRK. To jerk, or flip about. Wilts.
(2) The common flag. East Angl. FLIRT. To move nimbly. To speak in a flirt-
FLICKERS. Masts for ships. ing way, i. e. sarcastically. Hence Flirt-gilt t
FLIGHT. (1) A light arrow, formed for very Flirtlgig, Flirt-gillian,m Flirt, a forward, talk-
long and straight shots. ative, and unconstant girl. Var. dial. Shake-
2) A scolding match. North. speare }&$ flirt-gill, and the latter terms some-
3) A second swarm of bees. East. times occur in a somewhat worse sense.
4) A light fall of snow. Oxon. FLISH. Fledged. Devon.
5) Sea-fowl shooting. South. FLISK. (1) To skip, or bounce; to fret at the
(6) The first swarm of bees. Var. dial yoke. North.
FLIGHTEN. To scold. North.
(2) A large-toothed comb. West.
FLIGHTERS. Sparks ; embers. North. ( 3) To flick, as with a whip. Line.
FLIGHTS. Turf, or peat, cut into square pieces (4) A bundle of white rods to brush away cob-
for fuel. Lane. webs and dust. Glouc.
FLIGHT-SHOT. The distance a flight arrow FLIT. (1) To remove ; especially when at night,
would go, about a -fifth part of a mile. to cheat the landlord. North. The word no
FLIGHTY. Giddy; thoughtless. Var. dial is inserted from MS. Cantab. K iL 38.
FLIG-ME.GAIRBY. A girl gaudily dressed, Lat [no] newefangylnes the plese,
but untidy and slovenly. North. Oftyn to rcraewe nor to flyt.
FLIGNESS. Plumage. Palsgrave. Rittan's Anc. Pop.Pdet. 1791, p. 86.
BUM-FLAM. False; foolish; nonsensical. Also, '2) To leave work unfinished. West.
a lie, or piece of nonsense not necessarily false. ^3) Shallow; thin. Sitssex.
See Stanihurst, pp. 14, 16; Howeli's English (4) To fly ; to escape. Spenser.
Proverbs, p. 15. FLITCH. (1) Officious ; lively. Witt®.
FLINDER-MOUSE, A bat. South. (2) To move from place to place, Norf.
One face was attyred of the newe faahioii of wo FLITCHEN, A flitch of bacon. West.
naeM attyre, the other &ce like the olde arraye of FLITE. To scolds to bzawl Nortih.
women, and had wyoge* like a bacfce or Jtynder- Thou shall afldyrstatid. and wete,
motvte. MS. Hart, 486, f. 11.
BLINDEKS, Pieces ; fragments. North. MS. H*rl. 1701, f. 25.
iLINE* pown. Middletott, ii 515. He letted up and saghe there aytie,
tfLING. (1) Will ; unrestrained desire. Var. dial ^BBdes fele that fouly Jlytte.
MS. IVtd. ' *VCL
(2) To baffle ; to disappoint. North.
 FLO 364 FLO
Ful fellyche God to hem flytes, FLOKE-MOWTHEDE, Having a mouth like
To thes fals ypocrytes. MS. Ibid. f. 21, a flounder. See tflewJce.
FLITER. A scold. North. Thow wenes for to flay us, JloTce-mowthede schrewe,
Sforte A> thure, MS. Lincoln* f. 81
FLITTEN. To remove a horse into fresh pas-
FLOKYNGLYCHE. In flocks. It is the gloss
ture. Oxfordsh. " Leave her on a ley, and
lett the devil flitt her/* a Line, proverb. of ffregatim in MS. Egerton 829, f. 94.
FLITTER. To hang, or droop. Line. FLOMAX. Untidy. Warw.
FLITTERING. (1) Floating. Chaucer. FLOME. A river. Lyb. Disconus ,212.
(2) Showery ; sleety. Dorset. FLONE. Arrows. (A.-S.) "Thoner flone,"
FLITTER-MOUSE. See Flintier-mouse. lightning, Towneley Myst. p. 92.
She bare a borne about hir halce,
FLITTERS. (1) Pieces; rags. Somerset. Also, Aud undur hirgyrdille monyflonne*
MS, Cantab, Ff, v. 48.
to scatter in pieces, as in Morte d'Arthur, i.
137, " iifiytteryd al abrode." FLOOD. A heavy rain. Devon.
(2) Small pancakes. South. FLOOD-MARK- The mark which the sea at
FLITTING. Removal. " To BetMeem thair the highest tide makes on the shore, diulerson.
flitting made," MS. Cott. Vespas. A.iii. FLOOK. See Fleufo and FlewKe.
FLIX. (1s) The flux, Tusser, p. 29. FLOOR-B ANK. A bank with a ditch, and the
(2) The fur of a hare. Kent. same on both sides. East.
FLIZ. A splinter, or shiver. Hence, to fly off ;
to make a noise. North. FLOP. (1) Plump ; flat. Var. dial
FLIZZEN. To laugh sarcastically. North. (%} A mass of thin mud. Dorset.
(3) To outspread. NorthamptOTish.
FLIZZOMS. Flying particles ; small fragments ;
sediment of liquor. East. (4) The scrotum. Somerset.
FLOPPER. An under-petticoat Cornw.
FLO. (1) An arrow. Chaucer. FLOPPER-MOUTHED. Blubber-lipped. Lane.
(2) Flay; flea, Ritson. FLORCHYT. Flourishes. Reliq. Autiq. ii. 1 C6,
FLOAT. (1) To irrigate land. West. Also, to FLORE. Flower. Sir Tristrem.
pare off the sward. FLORENCE. Florins, formerly worth about
(2) Chid, or scolded. Yorfoh. 3s. 4d. apiece. Isumbras, 295, 555.
(3) Flow; flood. Langtoft, FLORENTINE. A kind of pie. Sometimes, a
(4) A kind of raft. North. custard made in paste.
FLOAT-GRASS. Grass growing in swampy
FLORE SCHEDE. Ornamented j adorned.
ground. Devon, Dean Milles MS. It is the Hys feete waxejlortscfitda aile in fyne sabyllo.
gramenfiuviatile in Gerard, p. 13. Morte Aith ui-tt, MS. Line. f. GI.
FLOATING. Hemorrhage. Somerset.
FLOATING-SHOVEL. A shovel used for cut- FLORREY. A bluepp.dje.
Revels Accounts, 39, 57,See Cunningham's
flurry.
ting turf. Salop. FLORSCHARE. A decorator. Pr. Parv.
FLOATS, The frames of wood that hang over
FLORTH. A floor, or roof. Palxgrave.
the sides of a waggon. East.
FLOATSOME. Timber accidentally carried away FLOSCHE. A pit, or pool. See if lash (I).
Laverd, thou led mi saute fra helle,
by a flood. West. Thou keped me fra that in Jt(ntvhe fellt*.
FLO AT-WHE Y. Curds made from whey, much MS. Cott. resiM*. D. vti. f, 18.
used in Northumberland. FLOSCULET. A parterre. (Lat.)
FLOATY. Rank arid tall, as grass. Devon. FLOSH. To spill ; to splash. South. Hence
FLOCCIPENDED. Made no account of; set no Flosh-hole, a hole which receives the waste
value by. (Lot.) See Hall, Henry VII, f. 40. water from a mill-pond. See FloscAe.
FLOCK. A hurdle. Devon. FLOSSY. A slattern. Craven.
FLOCKET. A^loose garment with large sleeves. FLOSTER. To be very gay. Devon.
Skelton, ii. 160. * It is spelt floJckard in the FLOTAGES. Things accidentally floating on
Howard Household Books, 1844, p. 522. seas or rivers. Blount.
FLOCKLY. In an ambush. HalL
FLOTE. (1) Water. Shak. The term was also
FLOCKMEL. In a flock. (4.-S.) applied to dew in co. Surrey.
FLOCK-POWDER. A kind of powder, formerly (2) Grieved. Sir Amadace, xxxvl 6.
put on cloth. FLOTED. Hooded; watery.
FLOCKS. Refuse ; sediment ; down. Also, in- When you come to Twyford, thejtoted meadowcs
ferior wool. Var. dial there are all white with little flowers, which 1 be-
FLOCKY. Over-ripe ; woolly. Suffolk. lieve are lady-smocks.
FLODDERED. Covered ; adorned. Line. Jubrey'* Wilt9,MS. Royal Soc p. 123.
FLODDER-UP. To overflow; to stop up awater- FLOTE N. Removed ; distant. Cfawayne.
course. Craven.
FLODE. Abounded. Skinner. FLOTERAND. Floating.
floated, Kyng Horn, 129. (.<£-£) '
FLOGGED. Tired ; exhausted. Oxon. A bedd y fond there fiattra-ndt
FLOISTERING. Skittish ; boyish* West. And yn ytt a kni^t liggande.
FLOITS. Disorder. Yorteh. Guy of Warwick* tt& Confab
FLOITY. A flag thick at one end and small at FLOTES. Bough-made river boats,
tiie other. North. used OJQ the Severn.
 FLU FLU
365
FLOTHERY. Slovenly, but attempting to be FLUKE. < 1) Waste cotton. Lane,
fine and showy. North. (2)MS.
A lock of hah*.to Ray.
Salop. This is from Morers
FLOTHRE. Flakes of snow. Additions
Mo saulen tholieth there sucche wowe, (3) A flounder. See FlewJce.
Thane be flothre in the snowe. Flatt-mowthede asaj^wie, with fleryande lyppys.
MS. Coll. Jet. Oxon. 28. MarteAitfiurc, MS. Lincoln, f. 65.
FLOTIS. The foam or froth of anything boil- FLUM. (1) Deceit. Var. dial.
ing, &c. (A.-S.) (2) Same as Flome, q. v.
FLOTSAM. Goods floating on the sea after a FLUMBARDYNG. A fiery character.
shipwreck. See Howell, 1660, sect. vi. ; Cot- Hit is an haTdy Jlumbardyng-, ,'
grave, in v. Flo. Wis and war in alle thyng.
FLOTTE. To flow. CJiaucer. King Alisaunder, 1788.
FLOTTEN-MILK. Same as Flet-mitte, q.v. FLUMMERY. (1) Nonsense. Var. dial
FLOUGH. (1) A flea. Chesh. (2) Oatmeal boiled in water till it is thick and
(2) Cold; windy; bleak. North. gelatinous. North. Flummery -hulls, the
FLOUGHTER. To frighten. North. skin of oats prepared for making flummery.
FLOUNDAB. A flounder. Suffolk. According to Markham's English Housewife,
FLOUNT. To strut about gaily or gaudily the term in his time was peculiar to Cheshire
dressed. Far. dial and Lancashire, and generally eaten with
FLOUR. (1) Soft thread or silk hanging loosely, honey, although some used wine, ale, or milk.
such as is put on a tassel. Blanc-mange is also called flummery.
(2) Flower. (A.-N.) FLUMMOCK. A sloven. Heref.
FLOURELES. Without flower. Chaucer. FLUMMOX. To overcome, frighten, bewilder,
FLOURETTE. A small flower. (4.-N.) foil, disappoint, or mystify. Also, to maul, or
FLOURISH. A blossom. North.
mangle. Var. dial.
FLOURON. A border of flower-work. (A.-N.) FLUMP. Flat. Also, to fall down heavily ; a
FLOUT. (1) A truss, or bundle. Warw. heavy fall. Var. dial.
(2) A boy's whistle. Frolicksome.
FLOUTERSOME. Somerset. North. FLUNDER. To be irregular. " Fhradring
fame," Nash's Pierce Penilesse, 1592.
FLOW. Wild ; untractable. North. FLUNG. Deceived ; beaten. North.
FLOWCH. A term of reproach. Hye Way to FLUNIE. A river. W. Mapes, p. 347.
the Spyttell Hous, n. d. FLUNTER. To be in a great hurry. Out of
FLOWER. To froth, or foam. (A.-N.) flunter, unwell. Lane.
FLOWERS. You are as welcome as Flowers in FLURCH. A great quantity. North.
May, i. e. very welcome. Var. dial. FLURE. Flory; floured. Gawayne.
FLOWERY. Florid; handsome. North. FLURED. Ruffled. Yorteh.
FLOWISH. Immodest. North.
FLUREN. Made of flour. " Fluren cakes/'
FLOWT. The flood, or water. (A.-S.) Wright's Purgatory, p. 55.
And at a window cast him owt,
FLURICHEN. To flourish. (A.-N.)
RJjt into Temse /cart. FLUR1NG. A brood. North.
MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 106.
FLOWTE. A flute. Pr.Parv. FLURN. To sneer at ; to despise. Line.
FLURRY. A confusion, Var. dial
FLOWTJNG. Carding wool to spin in the mix-
ture. North. FLURT. (1) To snap the fingers derisively.
FLOYGENE. A kind of ship. Spelt floyne in Hence, any satirical action or speech. See
Octovian, 1485;^ey»e, 1671- Florio, p. 98 ; Thorns' Anecdotes and Tradi-
Ther werejffoygwje* on flote and farstes manye, tions, p.24.
Cokkes and karekkes y-castelled alle. '2) To chide or scold. Yor&sh.
MS* Cott. Catiff. A. ii. f. 111. !3) A fool. Somerset.
FLOYTE. A flute. Lydgate. Chaucer has FLURT-GILLIAN. See Flirt.
floytingr, playing on the flute. FLURTS. A light woman. North.
FLU. Pale and sickly. Kent. FLURT- SILK. A kind of figured silk, mentioned
FLUBSY-FACED. Plump-faced. North. in the Bookeof Rates, 1598.
FLUCE. To flounce, or plunge. Narea. FLUSH. (1) Feathered. Warw.
FLUCK. Same as Ftewke, q. v. (2) A great number. Var. dial. Hence, prodigal,
FLUE. (1) Same as Ftan, and Doul (1). wasteful, full.
(2) Shallow. East Anglia. ' (3) Even ; on a level. Var. dial.
(3) Bed-room downy refuse. Var. dial. Also, (4) Same as Flosh, q. v. Also, an increase of
the nap or down of anything. water in a river,
(4) The coping of a gable or eid wall of a house, (5) The hot stage of a feven South. Also, hot
&c. East. and heavy, applied to the weather or atmo-
FLUE-FULL. Brimful. Yorteh,
FLUFF. Same as Flue (fy. sphere.
) To hop, as a bird. Browne.
FLUGGAN. A coarse fat woman. North. 7) A hand of cards all of a sort. The modem
FLUISH. Washy; tender; weak. Also, light meaning, and so explained by Dyce, Skelton,
in morals. North. ii. 348. Cf. Cotgrave, in v. Flux. There was,
 FNA 366 FOG
A IceveJ of clutes ful unwraste,
however, a game of cards so called. See Flo- That he [ne] moutlie speke ne fnas
rio,p. 190. Hwere he wolde him bere or lede. k, 54&
;8) In good condition, especially with regaxd to
worldly circumstances. It corresponds to the FO. (1) Few. Somerset.
first sense in the phrase good feather. Shake- Lordynges thyr ar y-now of tho,
speare has the term, and it occurs in Lusty Of gentylrnen thyr are J1/&
but/).Harl. 1701, f. 50.
Juventus, p. 144 ; King Leir, p. 419.
FLUSK. To fly out; to quarrel. North. (2) A foe. (A.-S-) Havelok, 1363, 2849.
FLUSKER. to be confused, or giddy; to fly FOAL. An assistant to the putters in a coal
irregularly. North. mine. North.
TUUSTE. Plashed ; pushed. Ritson. FOAL-FOOT. The herb colt's-foot. North.
FLUSTER. A great hurry, caused generally by FOAL-KELL. The amnion. North.
FOAP. To comb back. Devon.
a sudden surprise.SeeT'ar.
FLUSTERATION. dial
Fluster. FOB. Froth, or foam. South.
FLUSTERED. Half tipsy. Kennett.
FLUSTERGATED. Blustering. 7. Wight. FOBBED. Disappointed, North. *
FOBBLE. Quadruple. Yorfok.
FLUSTRATE. To frighten; to be m a great FOBEDAYS. Ilolydays. Ozell
confusion. Var. dial FOBS. Same as Date, q.v.
FLUTTER. A litter. Glouc. FOCER. A coffer, or chest. Palsgrave.
FLUTTERGRUB. A field labourer. South. FOCHE. To fetch. Towneley Myst. p. CO,
FLUX. To strike roth the wings. /. Wight. FODDENED. Fed. Nominale MS.
FLUXIVE. Flowing with moisture. ShaJc. FODDER. To mutter. Somerset.
FLUZZED. Bruised ; blunted. North. FODDERING-GROUND. A grass enclosure for
FLY. (1) A familiar spirit, attendant upon a witch feeding cattle. TFest.
or astrologer. An old cant term. FODDYNG. A division. (-*.-£) Sec Kyng
(2) To shun, or avoid anything. To fly away> to Alisaunder, 48. The Bodl. MS. has shedynges.
frighten away. To fly asunder, to crack. A FODE. (1) This term is found in early writers,
hawk is said to fly on head, when she mistakes especially in the old metrical romances, in the
her proper game ; to fly on gross, when she sense of man, woman, girl, or boy. Few ex-
flies at great birds ; and to fly at the brook, pressions are more commonly met with than
when she goes after water-fowl. To fy in frelyfode, i. e. nobly fed, or a well-bred per-
one's face, to get into a passion with him. son. " To wedd tliys frely fode," Sir Egla-
FLYABOSTIC. Outrageously showy, as in dress. mour, 1254.
Somerset. (2) To fade out with words, to keep in attention
FLY-BY-NIGHT. A worthless person, who gets and expectation, to deceive. The phrase oc-
into debt, and runs off, leaving the house curs in Skelton, Harrington, &c.
empty. North. FODER. A burthen ; a fother. (d.-S.)
FLY-CAP. A pretty kind of cap, much worn FODGE. A small bundle. Glouc.
about A, D. 1760. FODYNGE. A nourishing. Pr. Para.
FLYCCHE. To separate. FOE. To fall. Lane.
3yf thou wades te ever any wyche FOEMAN. A foe. This occurs in many writers,
Thurghe whycchecraft vredlak toflycche, but 5s now obsolete,
MS. Uarl. 3701, f. 12
FOG. (1) The second crop of grass, or aftermath.
FLY-CLAPPER. A clapper to drive away flies. Forby applies the term to long grass left
Also called a fly-flap. through the winter for early spring feed, which
FLY-DOD. The herb ragwort. Cfash. suits the context in the passages where the
FLYER. To fleer. This form is fcwind in Me- word occurs in Dray ton. Blount, in v. Fogage,
riton, and Chester Plays, ii. 51.
FLY-FLAP. See Fly-dapper. says, " fog, or feg, rank grass not eaten in
summer ;" and it is explained in the Yorkshire
FLY-FOOT. A Tillage game of leaping over one
another's hacks. Var* dial Dialogue, 1697T p. £8, " fresh grass that comes
FLY-GOLDIKG. A lady-bird. Sussex. after mowing."
FLYNE. To fly. (A.-S.) (2) Moss. North,
Thcr is no wflde foule that vrillejtyne, (3) To hunt in a servile manner ; to flatter for
But I am sicurliim to hittyne. gain. Deleker.
MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 4&, f. 49, (4) To take cattle ont of pastures in the autumn.
Craven.
FLYNGE. To proceed very rapidly. See Tor- K)GAN. A kind of cake. Cornw.
rent of Portugal, pp. 17, 81.
FOGEY. An eccentric old man. Var.&al
FLYTE. To fly.
Hav,e my hors and let me bee> K>GGER. (1) A huckster. Strffotic.
Yam lothe toflyte. (2) A groom, or man-servant. WiUt.
SfS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f, 79. (3) A cheat. See Mono, p 54,
FLY-TIME. Summer, Suffolk. FOGGY. (1) Stupid j very dull Vox. fail
FNASTE. To breathe hard. (A.-S.) (2) Fat ; bloated ; having lianging flesh. w Soune
Hwaa Grim him havede faste bounden, three cMnd foffpie dame," I>olaniy'$ Prime-
And sitheo in an eld cloth wnden, rose, 4to. Load. 1606.
 357 FOL
FOL
Yf he were never so bolde a knyghte,
Whereas I was wonte to be blobbe-cheked or Of that worme when he had a syghte,
nave foggy chekes that shaked as I went, they be Hys herte began to MS.
folde.Cantab. Ff. ij. 38, f 67
nowe shronke up, or drawen together.
Palsgrave's Acolattus, 1540. The kyng harde how Befyce tolde,
(3) Coarse, rank, as grass. North. For hym hjs herte can folde. MS. Ibid. f. 08.
FOGH. Fallow ground. Chesh.
FOGHELE. A fowl, or bird. It occurs in MS. (6) To For his bonde we may not breke,
embrace.
Cott. Vespas. D. vii. Ps, 8. His owne worde and we wil holde,
FOGO. A stench. Far. dial Til deth cum that alle shalle wreke,
FOGORNER. One who expels people from And us alle in clay
MS.to Cantab.
folde. Ff. v, 4S, f. 6&
their dwellings. Nominale MS.
FOIL. (1) To soil ; to dirty ; to sully. Foylide, (7) To grant ? to accord ; to plight.
defiled, Gesta Rom. p. 120. Also, to trample. FOLDEROL. Nonsense. Var. dial.
To run the foil, a phrase in hunting, used FOLD-GARTH. A farm-yard. North*
when game runs over the same track a second FOLDING-GATES. Gates which open in the
centre. Nominale MS.
time in order to' puzzle or elude the hounds. FOLDING-STOOL, A portable seat made to
The foil is the track of the deer. Gent. Rec.
ii. 76. See Diet. Rust, in v. fold up like a camp-stool.
(2) A blunt sword used in fencing. To put to the FOLD-PRITCH. A heavy pointed iron to pierce
ground for hurdles. East.
" foil, sometimes use<l for, to put to the sword. FOLE. Foul ; dirty.
'Holinshed, Chron, Ireland, p. 170. That alle the filthe of the freke and fele of the guttes
(3) The back of a looking-glass. This, term is Foloes his fole fotte whene he furthe rydes.
used by Bourne in MS. Lansd. 121. Mot te Arthure, MS. Lincoln, f. 82.
FOILES. Leaves. (A.-N.) FOLED. Foolish. Nominale MS.
FOIN. (1) To push, in fencing. (Fr.) Wondir thought me nevjr more
(2) Foes. Troll, and Creseide, i. 1002. Thanne me dydof afol&d
FOING-OUT. A brawl. Cumb. MS. knight.
Karl, 2252, f. 92.

FOINS. Fur made of polecats' skins. Foyns, FOLEHABDINESS. Rashness. (^.-JV.)

Piers Ploughman, p. 46S. FOLE-LARGE. Foolishly liberal. Chaucer.
FOISON. (1) Plenty ; abundance. (A.-N.) FOLELY. Foolishly; stupidly. (^.-Ar.)
(2) The natural juice or moisture of the grass or Unwyseis the fadu, Salomon seid also,
other herbs j the heart and strength of it. That for hymself cannot restreyne his hand,
Suffolk. Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033. But by hys lyf depart fnUly his
MS laud.
Laud. 416, f 47.
FOIST, (1) A toad-stool. Suffolk. They will be owttrayode anone, areundronerynge*,
(2) To smell musty, Var. dml. Thusfohly oue a felde to fyghte with us alle,
(3) A barge or pinnace, often used for merchant Mwte Arthwe, MS. Lanttfn, f. fl3.
disc. " Foyst, a bote lyke a gallye," Palsgrave. FOLESFOTH. Ground ivy. It is left unex-
It must have been a vessel drawing little water, plained inArch. xxx. 407.
for Grafton mentions a person wading in the FOLETT. A foolish fellow. Pr. Part.
water to his foist, and then sailing off. Baret FOLHT. Baptism. (^.-£)
calls it, " a light aad swift shippe." FOLIO. In folio, in abundance ; in fultfolio^
(4) A cut-purse. " He that picks the pocke* is in full dress.
called a foist,1' Dekker's Belman of London, FOLK. (1) Family. Var. dial.
1608. See Woman is a Weathercock, iv. 2. (2) Men collectively j people. (A.-S.) IM Maiin-
Foists, juggling tricks, fraud's, Ben Jonscra, iii. devile, p. H7, it corresponds to Gentiles.
264 FOLK-MOTE. An assembly. See Holinshed,
Tet ;1660.
" a foist or jugling trick," Howell's Lex.
Chron. Ireland, p. 9i3.
FOISTER. A pick-pocket. "A cozener, a FOLLAUT. Foolishness. (A.-N.)
con-ycatcher, zfoister" Florio, p. 54. FOLLER. A flat circular piece of wood used m
FOISTING-HOUND. A kind of lapdog. See pressing a cheese when the curd is not suffi-
Nares, and Ben Jonson, iii. 264. cient to fill the vat. North.
FOKY. Bloated ; unsound ; soft and woolly ; FOLLOW. To court; to pay addresses, /o
nearly rotten. East. follow one's nose, to go straight forward.
FOL. Foolish. Weber. FOLLOWER. One who courts. Var. dial
FOLABILITE. Folly. Skelton. FOLLOWERS. Lean store cattle- or
FOLD. Folded. Will, and Werw. p. 32. which follow the fatting bollocks. Worf,
FOLDE, (1) A farm-yard, Var, dial FOLLOWING-TIME. A wet season,
(2) The world; earth; ground- (J.-S.) See , showers follow successively. East.
Minot's Poems, p. 35 ; Towneley Myst. p. 245 ; FOLLOW-MY-LEAJDEB. A child's gam*.
Le Bone Florence of Rome, 342 -, Will, and FOLLY. Any ridicoiotis building, not answer-
Werwolf, p> 193. ing its inteaded- jpnpose. Var. dial.
f3) A bundle of straw. North. FOLOWED. Same as Fofap, q. v.
;4)SirInfolde, in number. " With robes in folde/' FOLOYDBYN. Followed. Tttndate, p. 36.
Perceval, 32. FOLTE. A fooL Prompt. Parv.
(5) To contract j to fail. FOLTFD, Foolish,; silly. S^e Pr.Parv p. 1C&,
 TON 363 FOO
Fendes crepte tho ymages withlnne,
And ladfolted men to syrme. (3)DebatCf
Foes* reprint,
tt is usedp. as25.the singular in Thynne'a
Cursor Mundi, MS. Co.7 Tnn Cantab, f. 15,
3e, than seyd the rewle-stone,
Shrewesmysdede hym ful ofte, Mayster hath many fone.
And helde hymfolted or wode. MS. 4*hmcl& 61.
FONEL. A funnel. Pr. Parv.
For here us wanteth no vessel,
FOLTISH. Foolish. See Ashmole's Theat. Bolle, ny boket, ny no fwnel.
Chem. Brit. 1652, p. 401 ; Lydgate's Minor Cursor MunSi, MS. Coll. Tnn. Cantab, f. 21.
Poems, pp. 81, 166.
FOLTRYE. Foolishness. Pr. Parv. FONGE. To take ; to take hold of. (A.-S.)
FOLUD. Followed. (A<-S.) fonyer, MS- Cott. Vespas. D. vii.
Into a halle sothly she went, Hefongede faste on the feleyghes, and fayled his armes.
mite dithure, MS, Lincoln, f. US.
Thomas folud at hir hande.
MS. Cantab. Ff, v^ 48, f. 66 FQMC. Vapour; smoke. Hearne.
FONNE. To be foolish. (^.-S.)
FOLUT.
Anturs ofBaptised.
Arther, p." 9.Folut in a fontestone," Therefore it os gude that .thou lefe thi fanned
'purposse, and wendehameagayne and sett the17,inf.thi
FOLWERE.
FOLY. A follower.
Foolish. Perceval,*(^.-S.)
1572.
modcr knee. MS Lincoln A. i. 7.
FONNELL, A dish in ancient cookery, made
FOLYLYCHE. Foolishly. of lamb and sweets.
A clerk that folylyvhe dyspendyth FONNES. Devises. Sfanner,
The godys thathys fadyr hym jeveth or sendyth.
MS. Hai I 1701, f. 8. FONNISH. Foolish. Palsgrave.
FONRY S, A furnace ? Arch. xi. 438.
FOLYMARE. A young foal. This term occurs
in MS. Coll. Jes. Oxon. 28. FONT-STONE. A font. (^.-£)
FOOAZ. To level the surface of a fleece of
FOL3E. To follow j to succeed, (^.-A) wool "with shears. North.
FOMABD. A polecat. North. FOOCH. To put in ; to shove. Devon.
FOMAUNDE. Foaming.
Filtyrde unfrely wyth fomaunde lyppez.
FOODY. Fertile ; full of grass. Nurth.
Marts 4ithiuetMS Lincoln* f. 61. FOO^GOAD. A plaything. Lane.
FOMBLITUDE. A weak comparison. FOOL, To fool up, to practise any folly to a
ridiculous excess.
FOMB. Smoke; foam; scum. East. FOOL-BEGGED. Absurd. Shah
FOMEREL. See Femerel, and Pr, Parv. p. 1 69.
FO-MON. An enemy. (A-S.) FOOLEN, A narrow strip of land between the
embankment of a river and the ditch on the
FON. (1) Found. North. Towneley Myst. p. 40. land side. Su/olk.
(2) Foes, Rob. Glouc. Chron. p. 1.
(3) To be foolish, or fond; to make foolish, FOOL-HAPPY. Fortunate. $mt*er.
Also, a foolish person. Fon, foolish, Gesta FOOL-PLOUGH. A pageant which consists in
Romanorum, p. 196. a number of sword-dancers dragging a plough,
PONCE. Cunning; knowing. Line. attended with music, and persons grotesquely
FOND. (1) Stupid; foolish; simple; half silly; dressed. Still in vogue in the North of Eng-
land. See Brand and Brockets
fearful; timid; weak; idle; unprofitable.
North. A very common archaism. FOOLS'-PAKADISE. To bring one into a
(2) Luscious ; fulsome ; disagreeably sweet in fools' paradise, i. e. to make a fool of him, to
taste or smell. East* make him believe anything. See Cotgrave, in
TONDE. (1) To try; to meet with ; to receive ; v. Embabwint; Florio, p. 215 ; Hardyng,
to tempt; to inquire. (^.-S.) See Kyng SuppL f. 96 ; Holinshed, Chron. Ireland, p.
Horn, 157 ; Chaucer, Cant. T. 4767. 97 ; Hall, Richard III. f. 24.
Of trust of this arte riseth joyei nice.
(2^ Found ; discovered. (^,-£) For lewde hope Is fools* Parodies,
(3) To doat upon ; to fondle. Athmolfs Thtutt. Cham. £Ht. J&8, p. 28-
TONBENE. Found. Perceval, 519, 1902. All put to use, and yet none ui'd at all ;
IONDLING. An idiot ; one of a servile syco- A fine/ooit pajodiie I may ItoalL
phantic nature. North. Divine Glimpses of& Maiden Mute, I#0, p. 18.
IONDLY. Foolishly. North. See A Mad FOOK. (1) A furrow. North.
World, my Masters, p. 343. f 2) A ford over a river. Yorfoh.
FONDNESS. Foolishness ; folly. (3) A strong scent or odour. Line.
FOND-PLOUGH. The fool-plough, q. v. North. FOORZES. Same as Bever (I). East.
FONDRED. Forced. Hearae's Langtoft, p. FOOSEN. Generosity. North.
574. Perhaps an error for sondred. FOOT. The burden of a song. " Fote, or re-
FONDYNG. A trial. (y.-£) pete of a dittye or ver&et -wMche is oftea re-
And of cure gyltys grauntus repentaunce, peted,"
And strenckyth us to stcnde in alle f^ndyng.
in use. Huloet, 1552. Also, to dance. Still
MS. Cantab. Ff.ii. 33, f. 13
FOOT-ALE, A fine of beer paid by awoifcmaii
V seyde hyt for no velanye, on entering a new place.
But for nfondynge. MS, Jfifc?. f 72.
FOOT-BOAT. A boat used solely for coB^eyiȤ
FONE. (1) Few. Minot's Poems, p. 7. foot passengers. West,
(2) A fool. Chester Plays, L 190, FOOT-BROAD. The breadth of a foot*
 369 FOR
FOR
FOOT-CLOTHS. Housings of cloth hung on account of, in order to, for the purpose -, in con-
horses, generally considered a mark of dignity sequence of,instead of, notwithstanding; and
or state. Foot-cloth-horse, a horse so orna- sometimes an expletive, in such phrases as,
mented. what is he for a vicar, i. e. what vicar is hft ;
FOOTER, (1) To idle. Also, a lazy, idle, worth- what is he for a lad, what manner of lad is he;
less fellow. South.
so
&c.forward for a "knave, so forward a knave,
See Palsgrave.
(2) A kick at a foot-ball. Var. dial.
FOOTE-S A.UNTE. A game at cards, mentioned FORACRE. The headland of an arable field.
in the Schoole of Abuse, 1579. Kent.
FOOT-HEDGE. Same as Beard-hedge, q. v. FORAGE. Fodder; food. Chaucer.
Oscon. FOR-ALL. In spire of. Var. dial.
FOOTING. Same as Foot-ale, q. v. FOR- AND. Not an unusual phrase, answering
FOOTINGS. The first courses in the foundation to and eJce, See Middleton, iii. 544 ; Dyce's
of a building. Var. dial. Remarks, p. 218.
FOOTING-TIME. The time when a lying-in FORANENT. Opposite to. North.
woman gets up. Norf. FORAT. Forward ; early. Salop.
FOOT-MAIDEN. A waiting maid. It is the FOR-BARND. Burnt up. Kyng Alis. 7559.
gloss ofpedissequa in MS. Eger. 829, f. 9L FOR-BARRE. To prevent; to interpose; to
FOOTMAN. A foot-soldier. Hall. hinder; to deprive. See Langtoft, p. 214.
FOOT-MANTLE. An outer garment of the pet- Forlere, Perceval, 1929.
ticoat kind tied about the hips. Strutt, ii. And thou art accursid also in that tbyng,
170. 267. It is mentioned by Chaucer. For thou /<./»•&<«•? j/#tf bytwene hem, the welefare.
MS. Laud. 416, f. 54.
FOOTMEN. Thin shoes ; dancing pumps.
FOOT-PACE. The raised floor at the upper end FORBEAR. To suffer anything to be done ; to
of a dining-hall. The term was also applied give way to one. See Morte d' Arthur, ii. 129.
to a landing-place on a staircase, and a hearth- FOR-BECAUSE. Because. North. An early
stone. instance is found in Reliq. Antiq. i. 152.
FOOT-PLOUGH. FOR-BERE. To abstain ; to spare. (A.-S.)
Qu. When did wheel-ploughes come into use ? I FOR-BETE. (1) The herb devil's-bit.
think but about 1630. They serve best in stony
land. Fout-plouirfies are somewhat later.
(2) To beat down
FORBISNE. 'to pieces,; aorparable.
An example to death. (//.-£)
Aubieu's Wilts, Royal Soc. MS. p. 291. FOR-BITEN. To bite to pieces. (A.-S.)
FOOT-RILLS. Coalworks open to the air, with- FOR-BLEDD. Covered with blood. (A.-S.}
out shafts. Staff. Aryse up, unluste, out of thy bedd,
FOOT-SHEETS. Sheets used at the bottom of And beholde'my feet that are fur-bledd.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. C.
abed. Wardrobe Ace. Edw. IV.
Stondyth and herkenyth thys ehauur redd,
FOOTSOM.
FOOT-SPORE. Neat's foot oil. Salop.
A foot-mark. Caxton. Why y am wouudedd and all for-bledd.
MS. Ibid. f. 41.
FOOT-STALL. The foot or base of a pillar. FOR-BLOWE. Blown about. Gower.
Nomenclator, 1585, p. 203. FOR-BLOWYNGE. Swollen ; blown up. (A.-S.)
FOOT-TRENCHES. Superficial drains about a MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, reads for-bkwe bkwynge.
foot in width. North. Where is youre bost, or daren you appcre
FOOTY. Trifling ; mean. Var. dial With, youre foi -blowytige vanite.
FOOWNE. A fawn. Prompt. Parv. Lydgate> MS. AfthmoU 39, f. 28.
FOOZ. The herb sempervivum teucrium. FOR-BODE. A denial, or prohibition.
But to holde hit wel unbroken
FOP. A fool. " Spek, thou fop," COT, Myst. A for-bode bitvene hem spoken.
p. 295. It occurs in Pr. Parv. Fopped, acted Cursor MmuK, MS. Coll. Tn.n. Cantab, f. 4.
foolishly, Skelton, i. 213.
FOR-BODEN. Forbjdden. (A.-S.)
FOPDOODLE. A silly fellow. « Bee blith, fop- FORBORER. A furbisher. Hall.
doudelk," MS. Ashmole, Cat. col. 48. FORBOTT. A forbidding. (A.-S.)
FOPPET. A spoilt effeminate person. History ix. tymes Goddis forbott, thouwikkyde worme,
of King Leir, p. 402. Thet ever thou make any rystynge.
FOPSTER. A cutpurse. DeKJcer. MS. Lincoln A. 1. 17, f. 176.
FOR. Since ; because ; for that ; for fear of. FOR-BOUGHT, Ransomed; redeemed. See
Common in our early dramatists. Very old Ellis, ii. 343 ; Chester Plays, ii. 79, 104,
writers use it in the sense of against, and it is FORBOWS. The breast of an animal. Crwen,
often joined to the infinitive mood, as in the FOR-BREKE. To break in pieces. For-breking,
Anglo-Norman. " 3if that hit be/or to done," destruction, MS. Cott. Vespas. D. viif
MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 48. In composition FOR-BRENT. Burnt up. KyngAUs. 1276.
in verbs derived from the Anglo-Saxon, it FOIWBRISSUTE, Broken ; bruised, (A.-8.)
conveys the idea of privation or deterioration, FOR-BROIDE, Unmete; immeasurable j very
and answers to the modern German ver. See great ; overgrown, ffearne, 24
Wright's Piers Ploughman, p. 594. Various FOE-BROKEN. Broken iu pieces. See MS,
examples are given w the following pages. It Cott. Vespas. D. vii. Ps. U.
also occurs in the sense of, from, of, by, on FOR-BURTHE. (1) Birt^righk
 FOR 370 FOR
Foi'-tMrthe, he seide, what serveth me ? FOR-CUTTE. To cut through. (A.-S.)
Brother, at thi wille shal hit be. FORD. To afford ; to sell anything.
Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Tito. Cantab, f. 23. FOR-DARKE. To darken, or make dark. (A.-S.)
(2) The first-born of a family. FORDBOH. The herb dodder. The Latin is
Alle the for-b-urthes shal I slo,
Bothe of mon and freest also. MS. Ibid f-38. epitlme in MS. Harl. 978.
FOR-DEDE. Destroyed. (A.-S.)
FORBY. Past; near. (A.-S.} It is explained, FOR-DEDES. Previous or former deeds.
besides, in addition to, West, and Curab. Dial. FORDELE. An advantage. See Hall, Henry
lR39,p. 351, gloss. VIII. f. 163 ; Morte d' Arthur, i. 145.
And one a day, as Alexander passed foi by the FORDER. To promote, advance, or further.
place thare als the foie-saide stode, he luked inbe- North. It occurs in Palsgrave.
twene the oarresof yrue, aud saw bifore the hoise FOR-DEWE. To wet or sprinkle with dew.
men", hend and fete. F0R-DIT. Shut up. W.Mapes, p.345.
Life of Alexander, &$. Lincoln, f. 1. FOR-DO. To do away; to ruin ; to destroy v
Whare he heide any crye,
He passede never ftnby. Fordone, undone, destroyed.
MS. Lincoln \.i.l7, f. 130. FOR-DREDD. Greatly terrified. (A.-S.)
FORBYER. The Redeemer. (A.-S.) The hethyn men were so/w-dmfcZ,
FORBYSCHYNB. To furbish. Pr. Parv. To Clercmount with the mayde they fledd.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 89.
FORBYSENE. Example; token. (A.-S.} FOR-DREINT. Drowned. Lydgate,
3itt thi rysyng/o3-&,j/$efl£ tille us cs, FOR-DRIVE. To drive away ; to drift. It is
For alle that rase fra dede til blyse endlesse.
MS. Lincoln A. i, 17, f. 191. the part. pa. in this example.
And whaime the Giekcs had longe y-be
FOB-CAKF. Cut in pieces. "Weber, ii. 76. Fordryvd and castej sdllynge in the
MS. see.
Sigby 230
FORCE. (1) To regard, or esteem ; to care for;
to urge iu argument ; to exaggerate ; to stuff; FOR-DRONING. Distui-bance j trouble. It
to be obliged, or compelled ; to endeavour to occurs in MS. Cott. Vespas, D. Tii.
the utmost of one's power. A common archa- FOR-DRONKEN. (1) Drowned. Rowlands.
ism in these various senses.
(2) A cascade, or waterfall. North. (2) Very drunken. Chaucer.
FOR-DRY. Very dry. Chaucer.
f 3) Strong. Richard Coer de Lion, 1383, FOR-DULD. Stupified. Noah. Lydgaiehaa
(4) To clip off the upper and more hairy part of for-dulle, very dull, Minor Poems, p. 1J)1.
wool, an abuse forbidden by stat. 8 H. vi. c. 22.
See Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033. It occurs in FOR-DWINED. Wasted away, (A.-S.) « Al
Pr. Parv. p. 170, in the more general senses, for-dwynnen," Reliq. Antiq. ii. 211.
FORDING.WaliithDestruction. (A.-S.)
to clip, shear, or shave. and pray heven kyng,
(5) No force, no matter. I do no force, I care That je ne falle in vo/briiynff.
not. They yeve no force, they care not. Of MS. CuMuh. Ff. v. 43, f, 3&
force, necessarily. " Then of force, sfree must FORE. (1) Went. Perceval, 1425.
be worth the fetching," Hey wood's Iron Age, (2) Fared. See Syr Gav>ayne.
1632, sig. B. i. Y shal jou tclle how hyt for*
(6 ) To fatten animals. East. Of a man that hym forswore.
FORCELETTE. A fort. Maundevile, p. 47. MS. Hart. 1701, f. 18.
Folylychc certeyn Eroud swore,
FORCEMED. Condemned. (A.-S.} And yn dede weyl worse he fare. SfS, Ibid, f 1&
FORCER. A chest ; a coffer, or cabinet. (A.-N,}
(3") Faring, or going. Weber.
See Sevyn Sages, 2035 ; Wright's Seven Sages, (4) A ford through a river. North.
p. 100; Piers Ploughman, p. 186; Wright's (5) Before. Still in use. JHavixg to the fore,
Anec. Lit p. 113; Elyot, in v. Scrini&lum. having anything forthcoming.
" Casket orfosar" Palsgrave. (6) A furrow. Prompt Parv.
And in hur forcer gchecan hym keste,
That same God that Judas soldo. FOREBIT. The herb devil's-bit. Cotgrace.
MS. Cantab, Ff, it. 38, f. 46, Gerard has forelitten more.
I have a girdil in my fttrcsro, MS. Douce 175, p. 57. FOREDALE. The pudding of a cow towards
Be thys alhalow tyde nyghed nere, the throat. Salop.
The lady to hur/orcer dud gone. FORE-DAYS. Towards noon, Oxon. Towards
MS. Cantab. Ff.ii.38, f 46.
evening. Norfhumo. The last is more con-
FORCHES. The place where two ways or roads sistent with its obvious A.-S. derivation.
branch off from one. Devon. This term was FORE-ELDEKS. Ancestors. North. It oc-
applied by Berners to the haunches of a deer* curs in Holinshed, Hi&t, England, i. 5.
FOR-CIIOSEN. Chosen previously. (4.-£) FORE-END. The early or fore part of any-
FOR-CLEF. Cleaved in pieces. (A.-S.) thing. Still in common use.
FOR-CLOSED. Closed; shut up. « Stopped FORE-FAMILY. The ancestors of a family.
sad foreclosed," Hall, Henry VII. f. 43. East.
FOB-COME, To prevent. It occurs in MS. FOREFEND. To forbid, or prevent. SMk.
Cott. Vcspaa. D, VII. Ps, Antiq. It occurs also in Skeltoo, i. 261.
FOR-CORFEN. Cut in pieces. (A.-S.) FOREFEN& The first seizure or taking erf a
FOR- CRASED. Crazy j mad. Weber. thing. West.
 FOB 371 FOR
FORE-FLANK. A projection of fat upon the FORESHAPEN. Ill-shaped; unnaturally orde-.
ribs of a sheep. North. fectively formed ; transformed. For-shapte,
FORE-FLAP. Bands. Weter. unmade, Piers Ploughman, p. 365 ; forshapyn,
FORE -FRONT. The forehead. Palsgrave. Towneley Myst. p. 115.
FOREGANGER. One who goes before. FORESHIP. The forecastle of a ship. Richard
Wharfore I hald theese grete mysdoers, Goer de Lion, 2618.
Als antecry&te lymmes and hys fvregangers. FORESHOUTS. The double ropes which fasten
Hampole, MS. Bowes, p. 127. the main-sail of a ship. Palsgr&ve.
FORE HAMMER. The large hammer which FORE SIGN. Divination. Florio.
strikes first, or before the smaller ones. FORE SLACK. To relax, or render slack; to
FOREHAND-SHAFT. An arrow specially neglect ; to delay, Spenser.
formed for shooting straight forward. Shaft. FORESLOW. To delay ; to loiter ; to slacken.
FOREHEAD. Same as Earth-ridge, q. v. " His journeys to fore-slow" Drayton, p. 35.
FOREHEAD-CLOTH. A bandage formerly " Forslow no time," Marlowe, ii. 50.
used by ladies to prevent wrinkles. FORE SPEAK. To bewitch. See Florio, p. 24 ;
FOREHEET. (1) Forethought. North. Hallamshire Gloss, p. Ill ; Towneley Myst.
(2) To forbid. Kennett. It is explained pre- p. 115. " To Iringe the witch to one that is
determine inYorkshire Dial. 1697, p. 83, and bewitched or forspoJcen; put five Spanish
Hallamsh. Gloss, p. 111. needles into an egge through the shell, and
FORE KENT. Seized before-hand. Spenser. seeth it in the uryne of one that is bewitched,
FOREHEVEDE. The forehead. Perceval, 495. and whyle it is seethinge, the witch will come
Fro the forehevede unto the too,
without doubt," MS. Bodl. e Mus. 243. Au-
A better schapene myghte none goo.
JK& Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 117.
brey says that in Herefordshire they used
to make part of the yoke for oxen of withy to
FORE-HORSE. The foremost horse ia a team. prevent their being forespoken. See Ms MS.
South.
Nat. Hist. Wilts, p. 12. Shakespeare uses it
FOREIGNER. A stranger; one of another in the sense to forbid, and it occurs with that
neighbourhood, or county. East. meaning in the Ghost of Richard III. p. 8.
FOREINE. (1) A jakes, or, sometimes, cess-pool. It means to predict in Harrington's Nuga&
Legende of Ariadne, 77. Tyrwhitt doubts Antiq. ii. 5.
this explanation, but it is confirmed by a pas- FORE-SPUR. The fore-leg of pork. West.
sage in Rob. Glouc. p. 310, and a gloss, in MS. FORE STEAD. A ford. Craven.
Harl. 1701, f. 43. It seems to mean a drain FORE STER-OF-THE-FEE. A person who had
in a document quoted in Pr. Parv. p. 58. for some service to the crown a perpetual
(2) A stranger ; a foreigner. right of hunting in a forest on paying to the
As a. f&reyne, thorow his cruelle my5te, crown a certain rent for the same, The in-
By tyranny e and no titille of ry^te. scription on the tomb of Junkin Wyrall, at
Lydgate, MS. Soc. Jntiq, 134, f. 19.
Newland, co. Glou. of the 15th century, de-
FORELL. A bag, sack, or purse. (Lot.) scribes him as Forster of Fee. See Twici, p.
FORELONG, Same as Foolen, q. v.
FORELOW. Slanting; very low. East. 64. Fosters of thefe} Percy's Reliques, p. 45.
FOREST-WHITES. A kind of cloths, men-
FORE-LYTENEDE. Decreased ; lightened. tioned inearly statutes. Strutt, ii. 79.
We hafe as losels Hffyde many longedaye,
Wyth delyttes in this land with lordchipez many, FORE-SUMMERS. A kind of platform pro-
And fore-lytenede the loos that we are layttede. jecting over the shafts of a cart. East.
Morte Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f, 56. FORET. Forth. Frere and the Boy, ix.
FOREMAN. An ancestor. R. de Brume. FORETE. The forehead. Nominate MS.
FOREMEN. Geese. An old cant term. FORE-TOKEN. A warning.
To loke yf he bita wolde amende,
FOREMEST. Earliest. Maundevile, p. 303. To him a fore-token he sende.
FORE-MILK. The first milk drawn from a cow Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 56.
after calving, North. FORETOP. The forehead. " Frontispiciuni, a
FORENENST. Opposite to ; over against ; to- fortope," Nominale MS. It is aguaHum in
wards. North. Pr. Parv. p. 173, which Ducange explains
FORENESS. A promontory. Skinner.
FORE -PAST. Past by. Palsgrave. summapars capitis. " His fax and his fore-
FOREPRIZE. To warm ; to except ; to exclude. toppe," MS. Morte Arthure, f. 64. See Lyd-
An old law term. gate's Minor Poems, p. 115 j Octovian, $fo *
Skelton, ii. 261. Ben Joison, ii 95, uses the
FORE-READ. A preface. Rowlands. term for an erect tuft of hair on the head, a
FORE-RIGHT. (1) Straight-forward; blunt and sense still current in Suffolk, Moor, p. 133,
bold ; violent ; obstinate ; headstrong ; abrupt ; FORE-TORE. Tore in pieces.
simple ; foolish. South. As I had profised before,
(2) The coarsest sort of wheaten bread. Pol- ,For madneshe hJnaseUe/or«.for«. MS.Ashmole 802*
whele's Prov. Gloss. FORE-WAKBEN. Destroyed \ undone, North.
FORE SAY. To foretell, or decree. Shak. FOBEWARE. To indemnify. Somerset,
FORE-SET. Previously ordaaaaed. See the FORE-WASTED. Wasted awayj destroyed*
Misfortunes of Arthur, p. 37.
 FOR 372 FOR
FORE-WATCH. To watch incessantly. See FOR-GULTEN, Recompensed. (A.-S.} See
the Harrowing of Hell, p. 25, ed. 1840.
Puttenham, ap.Warton's Hist. iii. 59. FOR-HEDID. Beheaded. Kyng Alis. 1366.
FORE-WAY. A high road. North.
FORE-WETING. Foreknowledge. (A.-S.) FOR-HELE. To conceal, (sJ.-S.)
Y beseche 50 w, on ray blcssyng,
FOR-FAGHTE. Having fought excessively.
Syr Befyse was so wery for-faghte,
That je foi-hele fro me noMS.thyng.
Hat I. 170], f.13.
That of hys lyfe roghte he noghte.
MS. Cantab. Ff. iL 58, f. TOG FOR-HEWE. To despise. O/.-S.)
The sexto tliynge aiul tlie laste of thnse I fiiste
FORFAITE. To misdo ; to offend. (A -N.) towchecle es the sovcne hcvede or dedly synnos that
FOR-FARE. To go to ruin ; to perish ; to fare ilke a mane or womaue awe for to Unawe to flee and
ill. Sometimes for the part. pa. for-hewc, 1HS. Lincnm A. i. 17, f. 217.
For he ys caste in soche a care, FOR-HILER. A protector. For-hiling, pio-
But yehym helpe* he wylle for-fstrp.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. G3
tection. MS. Cott. Vespas. B. vii.
He was black as any pyche, FORHINDER. To prevent. East.
And lothely on to loke ; FOR-HOLE. Concealed. See Sevyn Sages,
Alle for-fca en wyth the fyre, 250, 251 ; Gy of Warwike, p. 217 ; Wright's
Stynkand alle of smoke. JUS. Ibid. f. 53
But as it were a man Jbr-Jhre, Anec. Lit. p.*8 no; Arch.
Hyt may Icnger xxx. 368.
be for-holne,
Unto the wode y gan to fare. Falsly wurschyp have y stolne.
Goivei', MS. Sot'. Antiq. 134, f. i MS*Hml. 1701, f. 21
Fro hir fere she stale hir barn, FOR-HORYD. Very hoary, or grey.
And leide biren there that was for-fnrn. And seydeto Harrowde, as herodej
Cursor Mimdi, MS. Coll. T>in. Cantab, f. 54 Thou olde and foi -horyd man.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 220.
FORFEITS. The "forfeits in a barber's shop/
mentioned by Shakespeare, still exist in some FOR-HUNGRED. Quite famished. (A.-S.}
villages. They are penalties for handling th< FOR-JUGED. Wrongfully judged.
razors, &c., and were certainly more necessary FOR-JUSTE. To just with at a tournament.
in Shakespeare's time, when the barber was See Morte dJArthur,ii. 11, 35.
also a surgeon. When the article Barte? Gyawutis /</?•-/« ?terte withgentille knyghtes,
was written, I had not observed the remarks Thorowe gesscrawntesof jene jaggede to the hertp.
Morte Atthuie, MS. Lincoln, f, 84.
of Forby and Moor on this subject, which con- FORK. The lower half of the body. The haunch
firm Warburton's explanation. of a deer was called &fork.
FOR-FERED. Terrified. Perceval, 911.
FOR-FLYTTE. Scorned ; scolded. Weber. FOR-KARF. Cut in two. " Antifor-karf bon
FOR,FOGHTEN. Tired with fighting. See and lyre," Lybeaus Disconus, 1325.
Morte d' Arthur, i. 76 ; Gy of Warwike, p. FORK-BUST. *Tho dust made in grinding forks.
326. See For-faghte. Shield. (1) A term applied to the horns of
FORKED.
Moradas vrasfor-fogJityn and for-bledd,
Therfore he was nevyr so sore ad redd. deer, when there are only two projections
Jlf£ Cantab, Ff. 11. 38, f. 79. about the sur-royal, T\vici, p. 36.
FOR-FOR. Wherefore. Hearne. (2) The fourchure. Devon.
FOR-FRETEN. To eat to pieces. (A.-S.) FORKED-CAP. The mitre. Barclay.
Me tboghte scho cryede whenue scho was so ar-
FORKELYD. Wrinkled with age.
rayede, als me thoghte that alle the werlde myghte FOR-KERVE. To carve, or cut through. (A.-S.)
hafe herde hir ; and the Iittille hounde and the catt FORKIN-ROBIN. An earwig. North.
for-fiette ia sondir hir legges and hir arraes.
MS. Lincoln. A. i. 17, f. 253, FORKS. (1) The gallows. "On hie on the
forckis," Depos, Ric. II. p. 8.
FOR-FRORN. Frozen. Caxton. (2) Parcels of wood. Lane.
FOR-GABBEN. To mock. (A.-N.) FOR-LADEN. Overladen, Sec Golding's Ovid,
FORGAIT. The start. North. ap. Warton's Hist.Engl. Poet iii. 332.
FORGATHER. To meet ; to encounter. North. FOR-LAFE. Left off entirety. Far-lffft, dis-
FORGE. To invent. Hence forgetive, inven- missed, Wright's Pol. Songs), p. 340.
tive, used by Shakespeare, 2 Hen. IV. iv. 3. FOR-LAINE. Rechased. Skinner.
FORGETILSCHIP. Forgetfulness. Hearne. FOR-LANCYNG, Cutting off. Gawayne.
FOR-GIFTE. Forgiveness. (A.-S.) FOR-LATYNE. To leave desolate. (4.-$.)
FOR-GIME. To transgress. Rowlands. FOR-LAYNE. Lain with. (^.-£)
FORGIVE. To begin to thaw. East. I have an othe swore
FOB-GLUTTEN. To devour, or swallow up. That yfor-Zai/n schall be no more,
(A.-S.) Piers Ploughman, p. 178. Thogh y schulde therfore lose my lyfe,
FOR-OO. To spare; to omit; to lose. See But yf y were a weddyd wyfe.
Ipomydon, 1428. Also, to forsake. MS. Cantab. Ff. it. 38, f. 117.
Another knyght, so mote y spede,
r,OR-GO;ER. One who goes before. (A.-S.) Gat the chylde syth them yede,
''OR-GRAITHED. Quite prepared. (A.-S,) And hath the qu«ne for-Ia&ne. MS. /Wrf. f. 72.
See MS. Cott. Vespas. D. vii. Ps. 32. Now wate I wele it es he
That base the Jbr-faime. *
TOR.GRO"WEN.
39 i St. £randan, Overgrown. See Arch.
p. 52 ; teg. Oath. p. 160,xxi. MS. Uwsoln A. L 17, f- 137 ,
 FOR 3/3
FOR
FOR-LEDE. To mislead. (^.-S.) FORMELLICHE. Formally. Chaucer.
Sir Lancelott salle never laughe, that with the kyng FORMER. (1) First. Middleton, v. 520.
lengez,
(2) A gouge. Also, an instrument for holding
That I sulde lette my waye foi -lede nppone erthe.
Hortit Aitkuret MS. Lincoln f, 71- different pieces of a table together. " For-
FOR-LEND. To give up. Spenser. mour, or grublyng yron," Palsgrave.
(3) The Creator. Coventry Myst. p. 159.
FOR-LESE. To lose entirely. (.7.-K) See Gy FORMERWARDE. The vanguard. Weber.
of Warwike, p. 44 ; Kyng Horn, 605 ; Reliq. FORMFADERES. Foie-fathers. (d.-S.)
Antiq. i. 262 ; Arch. xxx. 407. FORMICA. A disease in hawks.
FOR-LETE. To abandon ; to quit ; to lose ; to
forsake, or neglect. See Kyng Horn, 224 ; FORMOSITY.'Form-; beauty. This word occurs
in the Cyprian Academy, 1647, p. 8.
FORMOUS. Beautiful; fair. (Lat.}
Langtoft,
Ps. 9, 21 ; p. Gy 196; MS. Cott."
of Warwike, Vespas. D. vii.
p. 144. FORM -PIECES. An old term for the stones
Hwenne the feondes heom for-leteth,
Sndken and neddreu heom towreteth. forming the tiacery of windows.
ZfS.Coll.Jea (Xeon.29. FORN. Before. Gy of Warwike, p. 3.
Hyt rnyjt hym so to ryet gcle, FORNE. (1) Foam. Palsgrave.
That alie hyi k-rnyng ho schukle for-lcte. (2) For. Ritson's Gloss, to Met. Rom.
MS. Gw'rtft. Ff. n 3i), f, 127. (3) The first, former, or fore. Pr. Parv.
They use their hond lest the\ bhuld foigete, FORNESSE. A furnace, Palsyraoe.
That ail iher lyf atter they cannot ft>r-letr. FOR-NIGH. Very near. North.
XF. Laud. 41G, f. 61.
FOR-NOUGHT. Easily. Hearne.
FOB-LIT HE. To force, or raush. (4.-S.) FORNPECKLES. Freckles. Lane,
FOR-LORE. Utterly lost. (A.-S.) FOR-OLDED. Worn out with age. South. It
Tin travaylc shal not be for-lwe, occurs in Lydgate.
Thou knowis wel my manere.
MS. Cantab. Ff v. 40, f. 52. FORORD. Furred. " Forord \vele and with
FOR-LORN. Worthless; reprobate; aban- gold fret," Ritson, i. 47.
doned. East. Shakespeare has it in the FOR-OUTIN. Without. Gawaijne.
sense of thin, diminutive, 2 Hen. IV. iii. 2, FOROWS. Furrows. (A.-S.)
He stroke the stede wyth the spurrys,
Forlorn-hope, a party of soldiers sent before
an army to skirmish with the enemy. He spared uothei rugge norfoious.
MS. Cantab. Ff. u. 38, f. 187,
FORLOYNE. In hunting, a chase in which
some of the hounds have tailed, and the hunts- FOR-PINCHED. Pinched to pieces. (^.-£)
man is a-head of some, and following others. See Wright's Pol. Songs, p. 337.
It may also be explained, when a hound go- FOR-PINED. Pined 01 statved to death;
ing before the rest of the cry, meets chase, wasted away ; niggardly. (^.-5.) See Piers
and goes away with it. See Twici, p. 16 ; Ploughman, p. 126; Chaucer, Cant. T. 20 J,
Gent. Rec. ii. 79. 1455 ; Fairy Queene, III. x. 57.
FOR-LUKE. Providence. See Sir Amadas, FOR-POSSID. Poised, or weighed.
Weber, p. 258, and Robson, p. 40, wrongly And thus he gan in sondry thoujtes wynde,
As in ballauuce/or-poHtt up and doun.
explained by both editors.
Bot it come of a gentilnes of cure awenne hert Lydgate, MS. Soc. 4ntiq* 134, f. 5 .
fowuded in vcrtu of thee victories also whilke the FOR-PREST. Prest down ; fallen down.
fot-'lttke of Godd hase sent us, ere we na thyng en-
FORRAD. Forward, far. dial.
priddede. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 17. FOR-RAKYD. Overdone with walking. See
FOR-LY. To overlay and kill a child, as a Towneley Mysteries, p. 105.
nurse or mother sometimes does accidentally. FORRAYSE. To foray, or lay waste.
It also has the sense offutuo. lie fellez forebtez Mc,fa])avse thl landez
FORM. The seat of a hare. Hence, to squat Marie Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f, 66.
do\v n as a hare. FORRED- Debilitated. (A.-S.)
FORREL. The cover of a book ; the border of
FORMAL. Sober ; in one's right senses ; in a a handkerchief. West. It occurs in many
right form, or usual shape. Shak.
FORMALLY. In a certain form. early writers in the first sense.
FORMAR. First ; highest. SMton. FORREOUR. A scout, or forager. (A.-N.) For-
FORMAST. Earliest ; foremost. (A.-S.) See rydars, Arrival of King Edward IV. p. 8.
Le Bone Florence of Rome, 375. Ferkes on a frusche, and fresclyche askryes
He was furt,te hcrde and fee dale with, To f jghte with oure forreows that one felde hovis.
Tubalcame the /onward stnyth. Morte 4rthure, MS. Lincoln, f.84,
CurwMundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 10. FOR-S AKE. To leave ; to omit ; to desist from ;
FORMAT. To bespeak a thing. North. to refuse, or deny, (A.-S.)
FORMAYLLE. The female hawk. The term FOR-SCAPTE. Driven out of; banished from.
is also applied to the females of other birds, See the Chester plays, i. 44.
Fawkone neformaj/He apponc fisto haudi'le, FOR-SCHOP. Transformed. (A.-S.)
Ne 5itt with gcrefawcorje rejoyse me hi erthe. And him, as sche whiche was goddesse,
M<nte dftftw6* MS. Lincoln, f. 95.
Fw-fehop anone, and the liknesse
ScHe made him taken of an herte.
FORME. (1) First ; former. (4-*.)
(2) To teach ; to instruct ; to inform. (tower, SIS, Sotv Antiq. SW< f. ^
 FOR 374 FOE
FOR-SCYPPERS, Those who skipped over the ! And 31 1 for all hys grete honour,
Hymselfe noble kyng Arthour
Psalms in chanting. Reliq. Antiq. i. 90. Hath foiteynd syche a chaub.
FOR-SB, To neglect ; to despise. See MS. Cott. MS. Ashmole 61, f. 61^
Vespas. D. vii. Ps. 10. It is spelt for-segh in
the same MS. Ps. 21. (2) To Tho
prosper. (./.-Y.)
my mayster spend never so faste,
FORSELY. Strong ; powerful. I-nouje he schall have at the laste,
The fifce was a fake mane thane fele of thies other, May fortcyn, as my eh as ever shall he,
A/oj$e& mane and a ferse, with fomand lippis. That drynke never peny to that he dyje.
Mort& Art hw e, MS, Lincoln, f.88. Nugoe Poeticoe* p. 16
FOR-SETTE. To shut ; to close in. (4.-S.)
He has the cQt&for-sett appone sere halfez. FORTH. (1) Out of temper. Devon.
Morte At thure, MS, Lincoln, f. 74. (2) Thenceforth ; because ; forwards. (A.-S.)
FOR-SHRONKE. Shrunk up. Chaucer. (3) To distrust ; to despair. Gower.
FOR-SLEUTHE. To lose through sloth ; to lie (4) Theft. Skinner's Etym. Angl. 1G71.
spoilt from lying idle. (A.-S.) FOR-THAN. Therefore; on this account (A.-S.)
FOBSLOCKOND, Done over. " For-sloc&ond See Ellis, ii. 28, In use in the North, accord-
•with ale/' Reliq. Antiq. i. 84. ing to Ray and Grose.
FOR-SLONGEN. Swallowed up; devoured. FOR-THAT. Because. A common phrase.
See Reynard the Foxe, p. 10. i.See200.
Sir Ismnbras, 489 ; Hunter's Illust. Shak.
FOK-SLYNGRED, Beat severely. Ibid. p. 18,
FORSNES. Strength. Gawaym. FORTH-BY. Forward by. (<£-£)
FOR-SNEYE. To do evil slily. (A.-S.) FORTHE. (1) A ford. MS. Egertoii 820, f. 87.
Forthy, yf eny man for-sneye (2) To forward, or bring forward. (A.-S.)
Thorow hem, they ben not excusable, FORTHE-DAYES. The close of the day. See
Gotoei; MS* Soc. Antiq, 134, f. 4i>. Fore-days, and Sir Perceval, 825.
FOR-SODE. Forsooth ; truly. Weber. FORTHE-GATE. A journey. (A.-S.)
FOR-SONGEN. Tired with singing. (A.-S.) FORTHELY. Readily, Langtoft, p. 160.
TOR-SPENT. Worn away. Spenser. FORTHER. To further ; to advance. (A.-S.)
FORSPREAK. An advocate. Phillips. FORTHER-FETE. The fore-feet. R'itson.
FOR-SPREDE. To spread, or extend. MS. FORTHERLY. Forward ; early. North.
Cott. Tespas. D. vii. Ps. 35. FORTH-HELDE. To hold forth; to retain.
FORST. Frost. Still in use. (A.-S.)
FOR-STALLE. To hinder, stop, or forestall. FOR-THL Therefore; because, (A.-S.)
(A.-S.) See Piers Ploughman, p. 68. Thou shal be servyd er thou goo,
FORSTER. A forester. (A.-N.) Fo? -thy make glatt chere.
3et I rede that thou fande Jlf& Cantab. Ff. v, 48, f, fit.
Than any furster in this land FORTH INK. To suspect ; to foresee. East.
An arow for to drawe.
FOR-THINKE, To grieve ; to vex ; to abie, or
MS. Cantab. Pf. v. 48, f. 50.
repent. •* Who so coniyth late to his in,
FOR-STORMID. Beaten by storms. (A.-S.) shall erly for-tkynfo," MS. Douce 52. Still
The schip whiche on the wawis renneth,
And is for-stoi-mid and for blowe,
in use in Cheshire. See Wilbraham, p. 41.
Is iiou5t more peyned for a throw. Hot thow arte fay, be my faythe, and that me for.
Gowei; MS. Soc, Antiq 134, f. 61. thynK&ya. Morte Arthur* t MS. Lincoln* f. C3L
FOR-STRAUGHT. Distracted. (A.-S.) FORTHIRMASTE. The furthermost ; the most
FOR-SWAT. Covered with sweat. See Wright's distant. "The forthirmaste was freely,"
MS. Morte Arthure, f. 88,
Pol. Sotgs, p, 158 ; Brit-BiW. iii. 14.
FOR-SWELTE. KiUed. Kyng Alis. 7559. FORTH-ON. In continuation; for an indefi-
nite period, far. dial
FOR-SWEREN. To perjure, or swear falsely.
FOR-SWONK. Tired with labour. "Albe FOR-THOUGHT. Grieved ; repented. Used
as a substantive in Cheshire. (A.-S.)
for-swouk and for-swat/' England's Helicon, FORTH-RIGHT. A straight, or direct path.
1614,ap.Brit.Bibl.p.U.
FORSY. To stuff, or season, any dish. See a See Tempest, iii. 3 ; Tro. and Or. iii. 3.
receipt in Forme of Cury, p. 104. TORTHWAR. Forthwith. (A.~S.)
FORT. (1) Tipsy. Percy. IORTH-WARDE. Forward. Perceval, 1038.
(2) Before. See the Sevyn Sages, 239. FORTH- TORPE. To cast forth; to reject.
(3) Strong ; powerful. Kyng Alisaunder, 7710. See MS. Cott. Vespas. D. vii. Ps. 16.
(4) Till ; until. St. Brandon, p. 1. FORTH -WORD. A bargain. Apol.LolLp. 52.
FOR-TAXED. FOR-THY. Same as For-thi, q. v.
Wrongly taxed. (A.-S.)
FORTE, A form of/orM/ FORTHY. Forward j pert. Conw.
Sche thoujte that ther was suche one, FORTITUDE. An old astrological term frc a
AUe vim forte and overgon. favorable planet.
Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 107. FORT-MAYNE. Main force. (A.-N?
FOE-TEACH. To unteach. Spenser. FOR/TO. Till; until Weler,
rOKTELACK. A fortress. U.-N.) FOR-TORNE, Torn up ; rooted up. (A.«S.)
TOKTER. To thrash corn. North. FOR-TREDE. To tread down. (A. $.) See MS,
TOETEYN, (1) To happen,- to receive. (*..&) Cott.Veapas.D.mPs.7.
 FOR FOU
J/5
FareweHe MOW, my de-re iruystyr,
FORTRESSE. To make strong ; to fortify. 1 And GocT hyt yow for-yylde.
FORTU1T. Accidental. (A.-N.} MS. Cantab. Ff. u. 38, f.6
FORTUNE. To make fortunate; to gi\e good FORYTT. A ferret. Nominate MS.
or bad fortune. Also, to happen, as in Top-
FOR-3ETYLLE. Forgetful. Pr, Pa**
sell's Beasts, p. 278 ; Hobson's Jests, p. 29. FOR-3ODE. Lost ; forgot ; omitted.
J or tune my Foe, one of the most popular And therfoie whenne scho Jw-pde hymc, scho
early ballad tunes, is so often referred to that foi'-yxte also alle other gude with hyme, and ther-
it deserves a brief notice. A copy of the fore was scho thaue ia wedowede.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 185.
ballad is preserved in Bagford's collection in
the British Museum, and the air has been FOSAR, Same as Forcer, q. v.
published by Mr. Chappell, 1840. See further FOSOUN. Confidence ; ability, llearne.
in the notes to Kind-Harts Dreame, p. 61. FOSS. A waterfall. Craven.
FOUTUNOUS. Fortunate. FOSSET. A faucet. Hawkins, iii. 349. Also a
With mighty strokes courage and clievalrous, chest, the same as Forcer, q. v.
He wanae the felde in batell/w twwus. FOSSICK. A troublesome person. Hence also
Haidyng's Chtouicle9 f. 12, fossikmg, troublesome. Wanv.
FOR-UNGRID. Faint with hunger. " For- FOSS PLE. The impression of a horse's foot on
ungnd sore," Wright's Seven Sages, p. 34. soft ground. Cumb.
FOR- WAKED. Having been long awake. See FOSTAL. A paddock to a large house, or a way
Sir Perceval, 1879, leading thereto. Sussex.
FOR-WANDRED. Having long wandered; FOSTALE. The track of a hare.
worn out with wandering. (A.- £) FOSTER. A forester. (//..JV.) See Syr Trya-
FOR-WANYE. To spoil. (A-S) moure, 1087 ; Robin Hood, i. 65.
FORWARD. (1) Half tipsy. Var. dial. To a hcrte fie let lenne;
(2) An agreement, or covenant ; a promise. xij.fosteis dy^erjed hjm then.
MS. Can tab Ff. ii.38, f.78
(X.-&) See Beves of Hamtoun, p. 140 ; MS.
Cott. Vespas. D. vii. Ps. 15 ; Chester Plays, i. FOSTRE. Food ; nourishment (^.-ft) Chaucer
56 ; Gy of Warwike, p. 342 ; Sir Amadas, 683. has fostring, Cant. T. 7427. Fostredes, fos»-
(3) Destruction. (d.-S.) It occurs in MS. Cott. FOT. tered,Will. Werw.p. 19*3.
Vespas. D. vii. Ps. 9. To fetch. West.
His modir him bitoke a pot
FOR- WAT. So that ; provided. Hearne. Wafr fro the welie to f.it
FOR-WAYE. To go out of the way. (^.-£) Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Win. Vantub. f 76*
FOR WE. A furrow. " The knight fel ded in a FOTE. Fought. Warw.
fonve," Arthour and Merlin, p. 129. FOTE-HOT. On the iastaat; immediately. See
FOR-WEARIED. Worn out. Palsgrave. Warton, i. 189 j Ritson, ii. 160 ; Gy of War-
FORWEEND. Humoursome ; difficult to please. wike, pp. 28, 63. It is very common in early
Somerset. Perhaps from the old word for- English writers.
weyned, badly weaned, Depos. R. II. On onsweiid hym fit? hote,
FOR-WELKED. Much wrinkled. (A.-S.) He is of that lotule wel I wote,
FOR-WEPT. Having much wept ; quite worn MS Cantabk Ff. v. 48, f. 24.
out with weeping. Chaucer. FOTE-SETE. A footstool. Nominate MS.
FOR-WHY. Wherefore, Far. dial. FOTEZ. Feet. Gawayne.
FORWIT. Prescience; forethought; antici- FOTH. A fragment. Somerset
pation. Piers Ploughman, p. 87. FOTHER. A weight of 19 cwt. Hence, a great
FOR-WONDRED. Much wondred at; very number or quantity ; a burthen of any size.
strange. (//.-£) Langtoft, p. 37.
FOR-WORN. Much worn. Spenser. (A.-S.) See Kyng"
FOTHERAM. Alisaunder,
An open 1809. the rack,
space behind
FOR-WORTH. To perish. (^.-£) See an in- where the hay is placed ready to supply it.
stance inMS. Cott. Vespas. D. vii. Ps, 1. North.
FOR-WOUNDED. Much wounded. Chaucer. FOTIVE. Nourishing. (Lat.)
FOR-WRAPPED. Wrapped up. Chaucer. FOT-LAME. Lame iti the foot.
FOR-WROGHT, Over-worked. (4,-S.) FOTTIS. Feet. Arch, xxx. 407.
JFur-wro-ght wit his hak and spad, FOU. Tipsy;, full; few. JVbrM. It occurs in the
Of himself he wex al s.vd. last sense in MS. Cott. Vespas. D. vii, Ps. 16,
MS. Cott. Vespas A. ill. f. 8. 13th century ; and Rob. Glouc. p: 153, spelt
FOR-WYTTYNG. Reproach. Caxton.
FOR-YAF. Forgave. Ritson. fowe. "Wilbraham has/0«7-tfnw#, very drunk.
FOUCH. A quarter of a buck. An old hunting
FOR-YAT. Forgot. AuchinleckMS. For-yede, term. Also, to divide a buck into four
Troilus and Cre&eide, ii 13&0 ; foryete,
Chaucer,, Cant, T. 1884 ; for-y&tt&n, Rom. FOUCHI. quarters* To vouchsafe, or vouch for. (X.-M)
Rose, 4838 ifor-iute, St,Brandan, p. 26. See William and the Werwolf, p. 149.
FOR-YE LDE. To repay ; to requite ; to reward. FOUDERS0ME. Bulky ; cumhrous. Cumb.
See Kywg Alisaunder, 362 : Piers Ploughman, FOUDRE. Lightning. (^.-AT.)
pp, 133, 257. For*yeMteinp, reward, recom- FOUBREfi. Apparently a kind of spice, men*
pense, MS. Cott. Vespas. D, vii, Ps. 27. iaoned in Nominale MS.
 FOU 376 FOW
FOUGADE. A kind of firework. FOUR-O'CLOCK. A meal taken by ha. ..^
TOUGH. An interj. of contempt. bourers at that hour. North.
FOUGHT. Fetched. Somerset. FOUR-RELEET. The crossing of two roads,
FOUGHTY, Musty ; insipid. Lino. four ways meeting. SvffolA.
FOUL. (1) Ugly ; dirty ; vicious ; impolite ; full FOUR-SQUARE. Quadrangular. Suffolk. "And
of weeds. Var. dial. the citie lay fowesquare" Rev. xxi. 1C, ed.
(2) An ulcer in aNorth. 1640, fol. Amst.
cow's foot ; a disease that pro- FOURTE.
duces ulcers. Fourteen. Weber.
(3) A bird. See Kyng Alisaunder, 3551. FOURTE-DELE. The fourth part. (X-&)
(4) To flash ? See a singular use of the word in The fowte-dete a furlang betwene thus he wnlkes.
Mwte Arthiti e, MS. Lincoln, f. 63.
Fletcher's Poems, p. 160.
FOULDAGE. The liberty of penning or folding FOURTNET. A fortnight.
Hit is afowtnet and more, seyd hee,
sheep "by night. Norf. Syn I my Saviour see.
FOULDETt. Lightning. Nares. Hence foult- MB. Cantab. Ff. v. 4«, f. 12S.
rinff, flashing like lightning, Misfortunes of FOURUM. A bench, or form. North.
Arthur, p, 57.
FOULEN. To defile. (A.-S.) FOUSE. (1) A fox. Craven.
FOULER. A piece of ordnance, mentioned in (2)and
Ready
Blanch.5 prompt 352;; -willing.
Lybeaus(^.-£)
Disconus,See 288;
Flor,
Gaulfrido and Barnardo, Lond, 1570; Ord.
and Reg. p. 272 ; Arch. xxi. 52 Wright's Lyric Poetry, p. 50.
FOUST. (1) Dirty ; soiled ; mouldy ; rumpled, or
FOULMART. A polecat. North. "A fox and tumbled. West. "Particularly applied to
zfolmert]' Reliq. Antiq. i. 85. hay not well dried at first, or that hath taken
FOUL-MOUTHED. Accustomed to use very
bad language, far. dial. wet, and smokes and stinks v\hcn opened and
FOUL'S -MARE. A name for the gallows, men- taken abroad," Dean Milles MS.
tioned inHolinshed, iii. 1561. (2) A labourer's beer-bottle. Line.
FOULYNG. A wretch. Cov. Myst, p. 306. FOUT. A spoilt child. North.
FOUND. (1) Supplied with food. See Find. FOUTER. (1) A term of contempt. North. See
The term founder is still common. Brocketr, who has not seen its obvious con-
nexion with the old word foutra, used by
(2J Shakespeare.
(3; To confound.or design.
To intend, See Greene's "Works, Itii.occurs
Westmorel. 200.
in Ritson, the same as Fande, to try, attempt, (2) To thrash grain. North.
or endeavour. FOUTH. Plenty. Northumb.
(4) To mix ; to dissolve. Pegge. FOUTNART. Same as Foulmart, q. v.
FOUND AY. A space of six days. A term used FOUTRA. Afoutraforyvu.) \. e. a fig for you,
by iron-workers, being the time in which FOUTRY. in contempt. Middleton, iv. 33.
they make eight tuns. Mean; paltry. East.
FOUNDE. To go towards; to go. FOUTY. Not fresh ; fusty. North.
To hi* foreste to founds, FOUWELES, Birds. Piers Ploughman, p. Sfil.
Bothe with home and with hunde, Fowel, Fowcles, St. Brandan, p. 10.
To brynge the dere to the ground e. FOW. (1) Same as Foul, q. v.
MS. Lincoln. A. i. 17, f- ISO.
(2) Fur. " Fow and griis," Gy of Wanvike, p.
Syr knyghte, when thou an-huntyng/oH>w</ft?, 22. See Ib. p. 95 ; Tristrem, p. 203.
Y schalle gyf ye two greyhowndys. FOWAYLE. Fuel. Pr.Paw. It is applied iu
MS. Cantab, Ff. tf. 38, f. C4.
Pro themorne that day was lyghte> Richard Goer de Lion, 1471, 1475, to pro-
Tylle hyt was evyn derke uyghte,
visions or necessary supplies.
Oreythur party wolde fiwnde MS.. Ibid. f. FOWE. To clean, or cleanse out, " Thin ero
FOUNDER. To fall down ; to make to fall; to /owe," Arch, xxx, 351 ; ib. 371.
give way. Chaucer.
Beter become the i-hche,
In Cheshire, A.JD. 1&5 — , a quantity of earth /ow For tofuwen an old die-he,
dred, and fell dowpe a vast depth. Thanne for to be dobbed knight,
Aubrey's Wilts, Royal Sac, MS. p. 106. Te gon among maidenes bright.
FOURBOUR. A furnisher. See a list of trades Beve* of Havitoun, p. 4S.

in Davies' York Records, p. 233. FOWER. (1) A fainting fit. North.

FOURCHED. Forked. Reliq, Antiq, i, 151. (2) Same as Fueler, q. v.
FOUR-EYED. Said of dogs which have a dis- FOWING. FOWERTIE. Forty. Chaucer.
tinct mark over each eye of a different colour. Fodder, North.
One who wears spectacles is also said to be FOWK. Folk; pepple. Yor&sh,
FOWKEN. A falcon.
four-ieyed. Fer out over jon raowntcn gray,
TOURINGS. An afternoon meal taken at 4
Thomas, a fi>wken makes his ne*f .
o'clock in harvestvfcime. Norf. Also called
Fount* True Thoin&t, MS, Cantab. Ff. v, 48.
FO'JRMEL. To do according to rule. FOWKIN. Crepitus ventris. Percy.
F.uler, jemay Jaujemy lewdespechCj FOWLDE. The earth, or world. « ^VJhille*
3if* that jow liste, I can nothinge/owmyJ. I one fowlde
Lincoln A. i. 17, regnede,"
f. 88. Morte Arthure, MS.
Ofvtew, JWS, Sov Jnti?. 134, f. 20'?.
 377

FRA FRA
FOAYLE. (1) Same as Fout, q. v. FRACCHYNE. To creak. Pr. Part.
(2) To try to catch birds. Hence Fowler. FRACK. (1) Forward; eager. North.
FOWNCE. To indent. Lydgate. (2) A hole in a garment. Suffolk.
FOWNDYNGE. Trial. (3) To abound, swarm, orthiong. East,
He was tryste in all fmvndynge. FRACTABLE. The wrought stones that run
MS. Cantab. Ff. li. 38, f. 175 up the gable ends. Holme, 1688.
FOWRIS. Force. -Arch. xxx. 407. FRACTEJ}. Broken. (Lat.) Palsgrave has the
K)WTE. Fault ; want. substantive fraction, a hi caking.
At the last lie scid, wo is me, FRACTIOUS. Peevish. Var. dial.
Almost I dye for/oztte of fode.
T>ue Thomas, MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48. FRAG. (1) Low, vulgar people, ftliddx
(2) A kind of rye. Somerset.
FOX. (1) The old English broadsword. " He FRAHDLE. To talk foolishly. Cumb.
scowersan old foxe," Drayton, p. 10. FRAID. Fear. State Papers, ii. 355.
(2) To make tipsy. A cant term. See Hob- FRAIGHT. Fraught Webster, i. 288,
son's Jests, 1607, repr. p. 33. FRAIL. (1) Weak-minded. Line.
(3) To steal. Coll. Eton. (2) To fret, or wear out cloth. East.
(4) A game in which one boy runs first, and (3) A light kind of basket, made of rushes, or
others try to catch him. matting, much used for fruit, such as figs,
FOXED. Timber is said to be foxed, when it
becomes discoloured in consequence of inci- raisins, &c. " You have pickt a raison out of
afraile of figges," Lilly's Mother Bombie, ed.
pient decay. JJ'arw. 1632, sig. Cc. vi. Blount gives 70 Ib. as the
FOXEIUE. "Foxish manners. Chaucer. weight of a frail of raisins. The term is still
FOX-IN-THE-IIOLE. This game is alluded to in use in East Anglia for a shapeless flexible
in Soliman and Perseda, 1509 ; Fbrio,p. 480 ; mat basket. Frayd, Piers Ploughman, p. 252.
Hcrrick, i. 176. Boys who played it hopped FRAINE. To ask; to inquire; to demand.
on one leg, and beat one another with gloves
or pieces of leather tied at the end of strings. (A.-S.) In use in Thorebby'b time, 1703. See
Hallamshire Gloss, p. 111.
'* A kinde of playe wherein boyes lift up one Sche felle on kneys, hym agayne,
leg, and hop on the other; it is called fox in And of hyt. soiowc sdie can h^m fia?/ne.
tfnj hole," Komenclator, 1585, p. 298. MS. con
This gret lord tlie herd Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, i". I'*.
ftayne,
FOX-TAIL. Anciently one of the badges of a
What vril men of your kyng scyne?
fool. Hence perhaps the phrabC to yice one a
MS- Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 47.
flap with a fox-tail^ to deceive or make a fool FRAINKLEY. Comfortable. Staff.
of him. " A flap with a foxe-tailc, a jest," FRAISE. To interrogate. (A.-S.)
Florio, p. 101.
FOXY. Said of beer which has not fermented FRAISTE. (1) To try, or endeavour; to prove.
properly. Line. See Ywaine and Gawin, 3253. Fraisted,
FOY. (1) Faith. KMttm. tried, proved, protatum, MS. Cott. Vespas. D.
(2) A merry-making generally given at parting, vii. Ps. 11. Cf. Reliq. Antiq. i. 200.
Fulle many men the worlde here frayste*,
or on entering into some situation. / ar. dial. Hot he es in ght wysse that tliarein tray^tcs.
FOYLE. (1) Paste, or crust. A common term Hamptile, MS. Sowvs, p. 44.
in old culinary receipts. Here one take yegud hede,
(2) To fallow land. Diet. Rust. I did nothjuge bot 50 we tofrayste.
FOYLEI). Defiled. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 1 18.
But hoc is foyled with dishone$t<5,
(2) To ask, or inquire j to seek. See Sir Isum-
To wasche another It is nut aplycii. bras, 669 ; Langtoft, p. 200.
Ly(ltf<it<', MS. Suc.AHtiq.lW, f. 1 The thryde branch t» cs to frcj/st and lene,
FOYLIKGS. The marks on grass left by deer To thaym that nene has and be povre mono.
in their passage. Ifotwll. MS. Hurl. 22CO, f.71.
FOYNK. A heap, or abundance. AlbO, foes. I salle be foundyne in Fraunce, //«uf<; whcnnchym
Towneley Mysteries. (Qu. few.) lykes,
FOYNED. Kicked. Gawayne. The fyrhtc daya of Fcvorjere, In thas falre marches.
FOYNES. See Point. Marts Arthuie, MS. Lincoln^ f. 68.
FRAKE. A man. Will and irerw.
FOYNTES. Attempts, Hearw.
FOYS, A kind of delicate tartlet. " Frixum, FKAKNES. Spots ; freckles, (A.-S.) FraJcwfo,
freckled, Morte Arthure, MS. Line. f. 64.
a foys," Nominate MS. FRAMABLE, Pliable. Stanihurst, p. 10.
FOYST. SeeJFowtf.
FHAMAL. A band with which cattle are tied
FOZY. (1) A choice delicacy. Devon. to their stalls. JLanc.
(2) Spongy ; insipid ; porous j soft and woolly. FllAMATlON. Contrivance; cunning. Also,
North and East
FRA. From. (A.-S.} In common use in the a beginning. North.
North. Also an adverb, Ttt andfra, to and FRAME. (1) To speak or behave affectedly ; to
fro. See Chaucer, Cant. T. 4037. shape the language and demeanour in a studied
Whenne he went oghte/ro hom«» way* East. In the North, to set about a
Thuy hafe haldyneup his name. thiitg ; to attempt ; to commence, move, or
MS Linc^n A. i, 17, f. 130.
begin. To bring into frame, ' i. e. ir good
 FRA 378 FRA
order ; out of frame, i. e. in disorder. He is m to it when fattened. See Elyot, in v. Altilis ;
frame, very stiff, or formal, Nomenclator, 1585, p.40 ; Harrison's England,
y2) Effected ; finished. (^.-S.) p. 222; Fletcher's Poems, 1656, p. 87; Cot-
And jive what thou wylt hyt a name, grave, in v. En (/rats. Franked t large, huge,
And kast on water ; than ys hyt fiame. Holinshed, Descr. Scotland, p. 22.
MS. Hurl. 1701, f. 64 FRANK-CHASE. A wood, or park, uniucloscd,
(3) Profit ? advantage, (d.-S.) but having similar pi ivileges.
3e, seid. the kyng, be my Ieut6, FRANKE. Frankincense.
And eihs have I tnycul maugr£, Golde, fi anket and mirre, they jaf him allethre,
3if hit be for my ^ame. Aftyr cubtum of force and C uJcl<i.
MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 50. Lydgate, MS.Snc Autiq 134, f. 24.
(4) A frame or skeleton of wood formerly made Cure franJte also, of hyje perfeccyoun,
the commencement of building a house ; a That sehuldc brenne clere above the hky
method of construction readily understood Lydxatf, MS. Ibid, f. 26.
from any of the numerous old black and white FRANKELEIN. A large freeholder. Properly,
houses still remaining. the son or descendant of a vitein who had be-
FRAME-PERSON. A visitor whom it is thought come rich ; but the term was also applied to
requisite to receive ceremoniously. East. small farmers and country gentlemen of in-
FRAMPOLD. Cross; ill-humoured. East. Ken- considerable property.
nett,MS. Lansd. 1033, explains it as a Sussex FRANKLINE. The bird godwit. (Span.)
word, " fretful; peevish;" and Grose adds FRANK-POSTS. The piles of a bridge, hut, or
other building. Line.
/roward. " Ilt-will'd and,/ Sampled waspish- FKANSEY. A frenzy. Palsyraw.
ness," N. Fairfax, Bulk and Selvedge of the
World, 1674. The term occurs variously spelt FRANT. To be careful. Somerset.
in maiiy old authors, and sometimes appears FRANY. Very ill-tempered. West.
to be equivalent to fiery, nettle&ome, saucy, FRAP. (1) To brag, or boast. North.
vexatious. See Middleton, ii. 477, v. 140 ; (2) To fall into a passion. Lane. Also, a \ iolenfc
Beaumont and Fletcher, iv. 54. gusf of rage. Frope, Langtoft, p. 320, tumult,
FRAMPOLE-FENCES. Such fences as a tenant disturbance ?
in the manor of Writtle, co. Essex, has against (3) To strike, or beat. (Fr.) See Nares, and
the lord's demesnes, whereby he has the wood Richard Coer de Lion, 2513, 4546.
growing on the fence, aad as many trees or FRAPE. (1) Company, or body of persons. See
poles as he can reach from the top of the Troilus and Creseide, iii. 4 L 1.
ditch with the helve of his axe towards the Fyijhttez with alle the fi-n^ie a furlange of waye,
repair of his fences. Frampoles seem to be Felled feleappone fdde whh hts faire wapcnf1.
MwtvAi'tfiUie, J/tf. Li, win, f. 73.
no more than poles to be reached yhzm or from
the hedge. Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033. (2) To reprove, or scold. Knit.
FRAMPUT. An iron ring to fasten cows in FRAPED. Drawn, or fixed tight. Dwtm. Sec
their stalls. Lane. Bourne's Inventions or Devises, 157H, N"o, 1-1.
PRAM-WARD. In an opposite direction. See FRAPLE. To bluster. " Coatrowle you once,
Life of St. Brandan, p. 3. then
FRAMYNGE. Gain ; profit. Pr. Parv. Chein. Brit.begin
you 1052,to fraple"
p. 324. Asluuole's Theat.a
Heace/rqyfcr,
PRANCE. Frankincense. Lydgate. blustering fellow, Ben Jonson, ii. &13. incor-
FRANCEIS, Frenchmen, Minot, p. 31. rectly explained by Giltbrd and Nares.
FRANC H. To scrunch with the teeth. TRAPPING. Fretful. Somerset. KenucU,
MS. Lansd. 1033, hasy rappish.
FRANCHE-BOTRAS. A buttress placed dia-
gonally against the corner of a wall. FRAPS. Noise ; tumult. Craven. Aho, a per-
FRANCHEMOLE. A dish in ancient cookery, son who boasts much.
composed chiefly of eggs and sheep's fat. FRARY. Fraternity. (//.-#.) See Lydgatefa
FRANCHISE. Frankness ; Generosity. (A.-N.) Minor Poems, p. 164 ; Leg. Cath. p. 196,
FRANCOLEYN. See Fran&elein. FRASCHED. Bruised ; cut to pieces.
FRAND. To be restless. Qxon. FRASE. (1) To break. Norf.
FRA.NIHSH. Passionate ; obstinate. North. (2) A froize, or pancake. Kennrft.
For fritters, pancakes, and for fMiysrx,
FRANESY. Frenzy. Melton. For venison pasties, and miast pies.
FRANG-Y. Irritable j passionate ; ill-tempered ?
f netful. Line.
H<\w to CtuxiMit a (j<ittd Wifet J
(3) To fray, or quarreL Cwmb.
FRANION. A gay idle follow. SeeHeywood's FRASH. An alehouse bush, or sign.
Edward IV. p. 45 ; Peele, i. 207. FRASHIN. To creak. Pr. Parv.
FRANK. (1) A broad iron fork. Salop. FRASLING-. The perch. Chmh.
(2) The large common heron. Suffolk. FRAST. Same as Vraiste, q. v.
(3) A small iiiclosure in which animals (gene- FRAT. Gnawed; devoured. (A.-S.)
wily boars) were fattened " Francke, cowle, For he ne myjte no lenger forihe prolottge
ur place wherin anything is fedde to be fatte," The venym bid th*t frat «> at h!» Ncrt«'.
Haloet, 1552. Hence any animal that was shut
«pfor the purpose of being fattened was said FRATCH. To scold; to quarrel; to sport, or
, and the term was- also applied frolic ; a quanrel, or braw I ; a playful chjltl j a
 FEE 37D FEE
rude quarrelsome fellow. Fratchedj restive, FREATHED. Wattled, ttevon.
vicious, applied to a horse. Fratcher, a scold ; FREATS. The iron hoops about the nave of a
one who brags much. North. cart-wheel. North.
FRATER. A person -who solicited alms under FRECKENS. Freckles. East. " Frecken or
the pretence of their being for an hospital, freccles in ones face," Palsgrave.
Fraternitye of Yacabondes, 1575. FREDDE. Freed ; loosened. Kyng Horn, 589.
FRATER-HOUSE. The refectory or hall in a FREDE. To feel. (4.-S.)
And eek the goddis ben v en j able,
monastery. SeeDavies' Ancient Rites, 1672, And that a man may ryjt wel/recte.
pp. 7, 124, 126. Also called the fratery. Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 126.
Spelt/roster in Bale's Kynge Johan, p. 27.
FRATISHED. Perished; half-frozen; benumbed FREDOM. Generosity. (4.-S.)
with cold. North. FREEDOM. At tops, a top being pegged out of
FilATOUR. The Frater-house, q. v. the ring, its owner gives one spin as a chance
A temperance servede in thefratour, thatscho to to his adversaries. This is called & freedom.
ylkone so lukes that mesure be over alle, that none FREED-STOOL. A seat or chair in churches
over mekille nere over lyttUle ete ne drjuke. near the altar, to which offenders fled for sanc-
MS. Lincoln A.i 1 7, f. 2?3. tuary, as their last and most sacred refuge
FRAUD. To defraud. Park.
One at Beverly is described in Brome's Travels,
FRAUGHTE. To freight a ship. (A.-S.) ed. 1700, p. 153.
F1UU1L Fraught. Langtoft, p. 74. FREEHOLDANDE. Freeholder. Weter.
FRAUNGE. To fling; to wince. Also, a merry FREELEGE. Privilege ; freedom. North.
frolic. Craven.
FREE LI-FRAILY. Anything light, unsubstan-
FRAUNSE. A phrase. Hooper. tial, or frivolous. East.
FRAUZY. Frisky; pettish. Line. FREELNES. Frailty. (4.-N.)
FRAU3T. Freighted. Will Werw. Mercy lon^eth to the be kynde,
FRAWL. To ravel silk, &c. Suffolk. Of myfitetnes thou wylt have mynde.
FRAWN. Frozen. East. MS. Cantab. Ff.ii.38, f. J
FRAY. (1) To frighten ; to terrify. North. Also FREEM. Handsome. Yorfoh.
a substantive, fright. FREE-MARTIN. If a cow has twin calves of dif
Whenne Jacob was moost in frayt ferent sexes, the female is termed a free-mar-
God him counfortide, that al do may. tin, and is said never to breed, jfar. dial.
Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Ti in. Cantab, f. 30.
FREEMEN-SONGS. A name formerly given to
(2) A deer was said to fray her head, when she ballads of a lively description.
rubbed it against a tree to renew it, or to caube FREENDESSE. A female friend. Babcr.
the pills, or frayings, of her new horns to come FREENDFULLE. Friendly. Pr. Pan.
olF. See Ben Jont>on, vi. 255. FREER. A friar. Sfalton.
(3) To attack; to quarrel. Also an attack or FREES. Frail; brittle. Pr. Parv.
aitray. North. See Candlemas-day, p. 15 ; FREESPOKEN. Affable. Var. dial
Ritson's Ancient Songs, i. 144; Arch. xxx. FREEST. Most noble. Gawayne.
383 ; Degrevant, 484. FREET. (1) Devoured. Weber.
For swylke gud ladyse,
Tliis castelle to fiayo. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 132. (2) A spectre ; a frightful object. North.
FRE-HERTYD. Liberal Pr. Parv.
(4) To crack, or break. Norf. FREISER. The strawberry plant.
FRAYINGS. See Fray (2).
FRAYMENT. A fright. Chaloner. FREIST. To freeze; to cool. (/*.-£) See Lang-
FRAYTHEL Y. Quickly ; suddenly ? toft's Chron. p. 175. To seek, ib. p. 119.
Kyng Froderikt1 of Vxwfraythely thare-aftyre
FREISTES. Fraughts. Hearne.
Frayncg at the false mane of owre ferse knyghtf. FREITUR. Thefrater-housc,q.v. See Wright's
MorteArthure, MS. Lincoln, f. 93. Pol. Songs, p. 331 ; St. Brandan, p. 13.
FRAZE. Half a quarter of a sheet of paper. FREK. Quick ; eager ; hasty ; firm ; powerful ;
North. brave. See Minot's Poems, pp. 2, 15 ; Thorn-
FRAZLE. To unravel or rend cloth. Frazliiiyit, ton Romances, pp. 234, 292.
threads of cloth torn or unravelled. East. We hafe foughtene in faithe by jone fresche strande*,
With thsfrekkeste folke that to tin foolangez.
FRAZY. Mean; miserly. Line. Morte Arthuret, MS. Lincoln , f*&
FRE. Noble; liberal. (4.-S.) The substan- Thay faghte thanso/^fcty,
tive is sometimes understood. Thare wisto tmne wittcrly
He lovede almous dede> Wha solde hafe the mayrtry.
Povre folke for to fede ; jyf-S. Lincoln A. S. 17r f. 131
Of mete was he fre*
MS, Wnwft* A. $. 17, f. 130. FREKE. Man; fellow. (J.-&)
PREAM. Arable or ploughed land that lias been Thane folous frekly one fate frskket y-uewe,
too much worked. And of the Rcxraayiw arrayed appone ryche stedcs.
Xfovte Arthw6> MS. Lincoln, f. 67.
FREAMING. Said of tfoe noise a boar makes at
F&EKENYS* fwsdaes* Arab. xxx. 407.
ratting-time. Gent. Rec. ii. 76*
FIU3LE. FraSl. (uA-M)
FKEAT. Damage; decay. Craven. Ascham Tbyt worhle hyt y» Mle fekylle and frete>
applies the term to a weak place in a bow or AUt^tay WcUiy hft wylle enpayr®.
arrow, which U likely to give way* M$, Cantab. Ft ii. 38, f. 40.
 FEE 380 FfiE
Chester Plays, i. 48, where MS. Bodl. 175
FRELETE. Frailty, (A.-V.) Freletese, frail- reads frenish, and some editors fraaikish.
ties, Life of Alexander, MS. Lincoln, f. 21.
If it so be that a synful mon that 5!! is greved with FRENSEIE. A frenzy. (A.-N.)
fteleti of flesche denyet. not his childer. FRENZY. Frolicsome. Leic.
MS, Egrrton 842, f. 53
FREQUENCE. Frequency. See Hej wood's
FRELICHE, Noble. (A.-S.) Royall King, 1637, epilogue.
With prophetes and patriarkes, and apostiys fulle FREQUENT. Currently reported. (Lat.)
face that fourmede us alle. FRERE. A friar ; brother. (-/.-iV.) " Thoru
Morte Ai thui e, MS. Lincoln, f. 93. frerene rede," i. e. through friars* counsels,
Rob. Glouc. Chron. p. 545.
FRELNES. Frailty. Cov. Myst. p. 108.
FRELY. Noble. (.*.-&) FRES. Question, or doubt. " Nofrcs," Towne-
* ley Mysteries, p. 291.
Schoes /re/.y and faire, FRESCADES. Cool refreshments. (/*>.) To
And tlie erls avrae ayere. walk in fresco, i. e. in the cool.
MS* Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 132.
FRESCHEUR. Freshness, (tfr.)
FREM. (1) Same as Frim, q. v. The fretichmtr of the feme was moderately cooling,
Frem'd per- and the sent of It is very gratefull to tho brain e.
(2) Strange ; foreign ; unknown.
,wns,frem folks, strangers. North. " With
FRESCHYD.
Aubrey's Wilts* Jtoya/ Soc. J/jS. p. 120.
Refreshed.
fremid and sibbe," Wrjght's Pol. Songs, p.
202, a proverbial phiase occurring also in And depe at the wellys groumle,
The water hym feewhmi that was cokie.
Rob. Glouc. p. 346, " Sybbe or fremmede," MS Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 115.
MS. Lincoln, f. 194. It there means simply
not related, as in Amis and Amiloun, 1999 ; FRESE. Frozen. Hearne.
but it implies sometimes a feeling of enmity. FRESEE. A dish in ancient cookery made of
The sexte commandment forbeddcs us to synne pork, chickens, and spices.
or for to foly fleschely with any womane, owther FRESH. (1) Intoxicated. Var. dial Some-
sybbe or frrmmede, wedde or umvedde. or any times, excited with drinking ; aad in Uic Lie
fli-schely knawyngi; or dede have with any. of Wight, sober.
MS. Lincoln A.i. I7,f.21i.
(2) An overflow or swelling of a river; a Hood ;
FREME. To perform. Havelok, 441. a thaw. North. Kennett gives* it HS n Kent
FREMEDLY. As a stranger.
Ffemedly the Fran:he tung fey es belefede. word, " a littlep.stream
See Harrison, 58. or river nigh the sea."
Moitedithuie, MS, Lincoln, f. 66.
FRENCH. (1) The name of a dish described in (3) Brisk ; vigorous
(4) Rather ; quick.
fat, applied J'ar, We&t.
to catllo. (llaL
Forme of Cury, p. 40.
(2) Very bad ; in great trouble. East. (5) To take refreshment ; to reinstall. 1 n Ulwiu-rr,
and still in use in the Isle of Wight.
(3) An old term for the lues venerca.
(6) Gay in dress. Q,tran. " I make JVcshhi4, ;>
FRENCH-AND-ENGLISH. A children's game acointe" Palsgrave. Haiidsoinc, beautiful.
mentioned by Moor, p. 238. Gower's Conf. Ainantia.
FRENCH-BRUSH. A brush used for rubbing
horses down. Gent. Rec. ii, 11. 7) Rainy. North.
FRENCH-CROWN. The crown of a French- '8) Unripe. Somerset.
FRESH-DRINK. Small beer. far. <lirtl.
man's head; a piece of French money ; the FRESHEN. To enlarge in the udder, &c. pre-
baldness produced by the lues venerea. This vious to calving. North.
term was a favourite subject for puns with some FRESHER. A small frog. East.
of our old dramatists.
FRENCH-CRUST. The lues venerea. FRESH-LIQUOR. Unsalted hog's fat. 7/>,vf.
FRESHMAN. A student at an university during
FRENCHIFIED. Havingthe French-crust, q.v. his first term. Middleton, iv. 51, has fwsh-
FRENCHMAN. Any man of any country who woman, a word coined in a similar sense.
cannot speak English. East* Bracton uses
the term in a similar sense. See Jacob, in v. FRESLILY.
FRENCH-NUT. A walnut. West. FRESONE. AFiercely.
Friesland Will.
horse.Jl'erw.
(/jf.-5.)
FRENCH-PIE. Meat stewed between two Bot afrcke alle in fyne golde, and fri'tted In sallc,
Come forthermaste on a. f wane 5n ftau'rcumlc wt"l«i,
dishes. See Florio. p. 85. Sfofte drtftwv, MS. Lincoln, f. (?7.
FREND. Asked. Gawayne. FRESSE. Fresh; quick. Hearae.
FRENDELESER. More friendless. (A.-8.) FRESTE. (1) To delay, or linger.
FRENDREDE. Friendship. Welter.
Thorowc pray ere of those gwitiUotnouc*,
FRENDSBURIE-CLUBS. An old byword, the Twelve wck s he gaffe liym tliaue,
origin of which is explained in Lambarde's Nolangc-re wold he/wtr<?.
Perambulation, 1596, p. 368. v MS. Lincoln A, 1. 17, f. 124.
FRENETIKE. Frantic. (A.-N.) " Frenetical (2) To lend, or trust. See Reliq. Antiq. i.316 ;
madnes," Hall, Henry VII. f. 32. Tundale, p. 3. Freyt, loan, The (r<v»dft Wif
FRENNE. A stranger. See Frem (2). « An thaught hir Daughter, p. 13. The version of
ah'ene, a forraine, a frenne," Florio, p. 19. this poem printed in, " Certain^ Worthye
" Frenned child," Palsgrave. It occurs also Manuscript Poeins of great Antiquitie, pre-
1 in Spenser. Hence, perhaps,/ry?i?W^? strange, served long in the studie of a NorthfbJkf Citai*
 FEE 381 FBI
1597, leads trusts. Kennett, MS, FREYNS. (1) Bridles. Finchale Ch.
Lansd. 1033, has, " Frist, to give respite for (2) French. Lay le Freine, 225.
a debt, to FRIARS'-FLIES. Idlers. See Northbrooke'fi
Alletrust that for theya time, or forbear."
take now to/K?.i£, North. Treatise, 1577, pp. 43, 57. " Flen, flyys, and
Theiof shal God take a quest freris populum Domini male cacdunt," Reliq.
MS. Hail. 1701, f. 37. Antiq. i. 91. Daddy-longlegs are so called in
FIIET. (1) To lament, or grieve. Var. dial. Somerset.
(2) A narrow strait of the sea. FRIARS'-KNOTS. Some kind of tassels used
(3) To ferment, as cider. West. in embroidery. They are mentioned in Hall,
(4) To adorn. (A.-S.) The term fret is often Henry VIII. f. 80 ; Privy Purse Expences of
found in early writers applied to ornamental the Princess Alary, 1831.
work of various kinds and in many different
FRIARS'-LOAVES. Fossil echini. Suffolk.
senses, but gc; f-rally to any work that roughens FRIARS'-PIECE. The piece of fat in a leg of
the surface. The " fret of gold" in Chaucer mutton called the pope's eye.
is a kind of cap made like network, and any- FRICACE. A kind of ointment for a soi e place.
thing of the kind was said to \>Q fret ted when
the gems were placed crosswise in alternate FRICI1E. Brisk ; nimble ; quick. Oxon. Ko
directions, or interlaced. A fret of pearls, doubt from fryke, q. v.
i. e. a coronet, Test. Vetust. p. 135. A frilled FRICKLE. A ba&kct for fruit that holds about
shirt was said to he fretted. A pair of
a bushel. Dean Milles MS.
boots, temp. John, are described as being or- FRIDGE. To rub ; to fray. North.
namented with circles of fretwork, meaning
FRIDLEYS. The name of certain small rents
probably embroidered with circles intersecting which were formerly paid to the lord of the
each other. See Strutt, ii. 48. In architecture great manor of Sheffield by the inhabitants of
it was applied to embossed work or minute the Frith of Hawksworth for liberty of com-
caning. Oxf. Gloss.Arch. p. 175. Kennett has, mon. Hunter, p. 40.
"frett-worfc, the more curious way of plaister- FRIE. A very young and small pike.
ing a roof or ceiling." FRIEND-BACK. A hang-nail. North.
(5) To graze, as animals. West. FRIEZE. A coarse narrow cloth, formerly
(C) A wicker basket. Somerset. much in use. Garments having long wool
(7) Tore up. Will. Wew. were said to be friezed.
FRETCHETY. Fretful ; peevish ; hot ; fidgetty ; FRIGGE. The rump of beef or mutton. Warw.
old ; brittle. West. Also, to warm ; to fiddle-faddle, or meddle
FRETE. (1) To eat, or devour. (4.-S.) Also, officiously; to wriggle.
to eat aw ay as a corrosive. FRIGHTEN. To astonish. West.
For dretle the fyrmamcnt sclmll Icte,
As hyt wolcle mankynde frete.
FRIGHTFUL. Fearful Suffolk.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 3tt, f, 44. FRILL. (1) The cry of an eagle.
He has frctyne of folke mo thane fyfe hondrethe. (2) To turn back in plaits. Var. dial.
Mwte Artliwe, M& Lincoln, f. 62.
") To tremble, or shiver, a term formerly ap-
(2) To rub. See Holiushed, Descr. of Scotland, plied to hawks. Diet. Rust, in v.
p. 18. Al&o, to blame, or scold. FRIM. Vigorous; thriving; well-fed; tender,
FUETJENT. Frightened. Cuwb. or brittle ; fresh ; quick grown. North. It
FRETISHING. A pain and stiffness in the is used in the fir.it sense by Drayton.
limbs arising from cold. FRIMICATE.
FRETROTS. A sect somewhat similar to the self airs about Totrifles. affect East.
delicacy ; to give one's
Adamites. Skinner. FRIMZY. Slight ; thin ; soft. Kent.
FRETS. The points at which a string is to be ?RINE. To whine, or whimper. North.
stopped in a lute or guitar, llowell, sect. 27. FRIN JEL. That part of a flail which falls on
FRETTEN- Spotted; marked. Var. dial, the corn. Suffolk.
" Pocky fretened," Palsgrave. FRINNISIIY. Over-nice. JDevon.
FRETTING. A griping in th* stomach ; a writh- FRINNY. To neigh. Lane.
ing, or turning about. FRIPERER. One who cleans old apparel for
FREV, From. Used whci. «,ne next word be- sale ; a seller of old clothes and rags ; a brokei.
gins with a vowel. North. Called also a.fnjpfer &i\(\fripper.
FREWIT. Fruit. Christmas Carols, p. 8. FRIPPERY. An old clothes shop. " A frip-
FREYHTE. A fright. Pr. Pan.
FREYN. (1) An old term for the ordure of the FRISE.pery of old raggcs," Florio,
Friesland. p. 92.of the Rose,
See llom,
boar or wolf. Dryden's fwici, p. 22. 1093; KyngAlisaunder, 1372.
(2) An ash tree. (A.-N.} FR1SKET. Thfl* -whereon the paper is laid to
FREYNE. To ask. (A.-S.) be put under tlae spindle in printing.
And si the he frm/ned also swtthe,
How fares my lady bright®. M$.&(trl£S&&lf£6. FRISKIN. A gay lively person. Liquor, when
He frej/ncd tho kyng in his ere,
fermenting rapidly, izfrhky.
What lordis that thel were ISMST, A kind of small ruffle.
That fetondls here the bye. FRISSUKE. A dish in old cookery, composed
MS. Cvntttb. Ff. v. 48>f. 58,
cHiefly of hare,
 FRO FRO
382
FRIST. Same as Fresfe (2). FRODMORTELL. A free pardon for murder
or manslaughter. (A.-S.)
FRISTELE, A flute. (A.-N.) Left -unexplained Ilkan of this stedessnl have pees
by Rttson, Met. Rom. i. 59. Of fj odmortell a.nd II deedes.
FRIT, (1) A kind of pancake. Line. Mwttut. Anglic, ii. 133.
(2) A fright. Also, frightened. Var. dial FROES. Frows. See Frow.
FRITCII. Free ; pleasant ; sociable. West. FROG. (1) Frog in the middle, a well-known
FRITFUL> Timorous ; fearful. Warw.
child's game. Frog over an old dog, leap-
FRITH. A hedge, or coppice. See Will, and frog, list of games, Rawl. MS.
the Werwolf, p. 30. " Also there is difference (2) Part of a horse's foot. Wore.
between the fryth and the fell ; the fels are (3) A monk's frock. See Frock (1).
understood the mountains, vallyes, and pas- FROGGAM. A slattern. Yorte/i.
tures with corae, and such like ; the frythes FROGON. A poker. (^.-2V.)
betoken the springs and coppyses," Noblft Art FROG-SPIT. Same as Cuckoo-spit, q. v.
ofVenerie. 1611, p. 98. Drayton explains it FROICE. See/<W&(l).
" a high wood/' a sense it seems to bear in He routeth with a slepy noyce,
Ywaine and Gawin, 157, 1688; Minot, p. 9 j And brusteleth as a monkis froice.
Sir Amadas, 546 ; Cov. Myst. p. 264 ; Piers Gower, MS, Sec. Antiq. 134, f. 121.
Ploughman, pp. 224, 241, 355 ; Const. Mas. FROISE. (1) To spread thin. Suffolk.
6, 266 ; Anturs of Arther, i. 8, iv. 10. A dis- (2) A large kind of pancake, of the full size of
tinction between frith and wood seems to be the frying-pan, and of considerable thickness ;
made in Will, and the Werwolf, p. 80, " out so thick as sometimes to contain small pieces
of bacon mixed and fried with the batter,
" of forest and frithes and alle faire wodes." when it is called a bacon-froize. East. The
Some writers explain it to mean " all hedge-
wood except thorns," a sense still used in the ancient froise "was like a pancake in form, but
provinces ; and it occurs in the local glossaries composed of different materials.
with the following meanings, — unused pas- FROKIN. A little frow, q.v.
ture land; a field taken from a wood; young FROM. Away from. ShaJc.
underwood; brushwood. Many woods in Kent FROME. Attefrome, at the first, immediately,
are still called friths. Frythed, wooded, Piers above all things. See Atte-pome / Gy of War-
Ploughman, p. 112. " Frith, to plash a hedge* wike, p. 2 ; Beves of Hamtoun, p. 54.
Devon" Dean Milles MS. FROMMARD. An iron instrument to rentl or
The steward sir Gaymere, split laths. West.
And mony gud sqwyere, FROMMET. From. Salop.
Thay broght hame on bere FROMON DE. Part of the armour ?
Fra ftythis uafayne. Fulle butt in the frunt the fjorno fide he hitter,
MS. Linroln A, i. 17, f. 137- That the burnyscht blade to the braync rynuw,.
Jtforte Arthwe, MS. Lincoln* f. OM
FRITHE.
FRITTERS.Peace. Small (A.-S.*)
pancakes, with apples in FRON. From. Towneley Myst. p. 106.
them. Suffolk. We have frytowre in Pr. FRONST. Wrinkled. (^/.-M)
Parv.p. 179, translated by lagana, which was FRONT. The forehead. Maundevile, p. 203.
a kind of pancake ; and the term fritter occurs Hence, to butt, as rams do. To front vj), to
in Elyot, 1559, in v. Laganum. See also a bind the hair with a fillet.
receipt in Ord. and Reg. p. 449. Frutour, FRONTAL. A piece of armour for the forehead
Reliq. Antiq. i. 88. "A fritter or pancake ; of a horse. Spelt fronstall in the Nomen-
a kind of bread for children, as fritters and clator, 1585, p. 251. Also as Front itr, <{. v,
wafers," Baret, 1580, F. 1137, 1138. FRONTIER. A hanging which covered the front
FRITTING. Fitting and fastening the felloes of an altar. It was often highly decorated,
- of a wheel. Kennett. and the arms of the family who presented it
FRITTISH. Cold. Cumb. were sometimes emblazoned thereon. Frow*
FRIZ. Frozen. Var. dial "Alibis out, can't get tore, Test. Vetust. p, 81. The front of a build-
no groundsel." Fres occurs in Syr Gawayne, ing was also so called. See Roquefort, in v.
FRIZADE. Freize cloth. See Arch. xi. 92; Frontiere. Shakespeare uses the term for
Book of Rates, p. 45. front or border in 1 Hen. IV. i. 3.
FRO. From. North. See Frow. FRONTLET, A forehead-band. See Nomcn-
FROATING. Unremitting industry. Cumb. clator, p. 251 ; Lilly, ed. 1632, sig, T. viii.
Jt apparently means mendixff, repairing, Mid- FRONSTEAD. A farm-yard. Yorteh,
dleton, ii. 69. FROOM. Strong; healthy, Glouc.
FROBICHER. A furbisher. It is explained by FRORE. Frozen. Froare, Ashmole's Theat
urigenator in Nominale MS. Chem. Brit. 1652, pp. 19, 54. Frory, frosty?
FROBLY-MOBLY. Indifferently well. Sussex. froathy, in Spenser.
FROCK. (1) A long loose garment worn by FRORING. Help; aid; assistance. (^.-S.)
monks. The term seems also to have been FRORT, Forward. Ch&h,
applied to a kind of loose coat. See Strutt, FROSH. A frog;. North. Oftener pronounced
ii. 246 ; Prompt. Parv. p. 179. frosL See Towneley Myst p. 62; Reynard
(2) A frog. Reliq. Antiq. ii. 80. the Foxe, p. 48 ; Arch* xxx. 373, where it it
 FRO FRU
383
stated that the herb vervain is called frossis See Harrison's England, p. 177; Patient
Grissel, p. 48.
because its leaves are " lyke the frossys fet."
(A.-S.) tl Rana, '2) Same as FrougJi, q. v.
HJS frount and hisa forhevede
frosche," alle
Nominate
was it overMS. '3) Fickle ; wicked ?
As the felle of nfroske, and fraknedc it semede. Thoghe the prest befals or fiow,
Not te Ai-thwe, MS. Lincoln, f. G4. The messe ys ever gode y-now
a/& HaH, IJOl, f. 16.
See we not thefioxshrs and unclene wormesgcu-
drid of powder of the erthe in standynge watris and (4) Hasty ; hastily. MS. Ha^, 913.
pittes cryyngp in hir maner. FROWARD. (1) Averse. (A.-S.)
Canton's Diners Fruitful Ghostly Maters. (2) From. Torrent of Portugal, p. 41.
FROSLING. Any thing, as a plant or animal, FROWARDES. Frowardness. Skelton.
nipped or injured by frost. Suffolk. See FROWDIE. A dirty woman. North.
Skelton, ii. 173. FRO WE R. Same as Frommard, q. v.
FROST. To turn down the hinder part of FROWRINGE. Froward. See the Romance of
horse's shoes in frosts, to present their slip- Octavian, Oxf. 1809, p. 59.
ping. Fast. FROWY. Stale ; not sweet. East. Applied to
FROST-CETCHEN. Frost-bitten. Salop. grass in Spenser.
FROSTED. Frozen. Devon. FROWYTE. Fruit. Froytez, Morte Aiihure,
FROST-NAILS. Nails with heads sharp filed MS. Lincoln, f. 87.
He pressede to pulle /rotate with his hande,
put in horse's shoes to prevent their slipping Als mane for fude that was ncre faynt.
in frosty weather. Var. dial.
True Thomas) MS. Lincoln, f. 150.
FROTE. To rub. (A.-N.)
Turne up the forches, and fn>te them with blood. Thonour in Octobyr sygnyfyes that same jere
Books of Hunting, 1586. grete wyndys and grete skantenesse of cornnys, and
FROTERER. One who rubs. Marston. lytylle frowytese on trees MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f 60
FROTH. Tender. Tusscr, p. 86. FRUJB. To rub, or furbish. Florio, p. 25.
FROTHER. To feed. Line. FRUCE. Fruit. Pr. Parv.
FROTY. Forty. Skelton, ii. 274. FRUCTUOUS. Fruitful ; pleasant. (^.-JV.)
It was joie for to here and see
FROUER. To favour ; to aid. (^.-£) "Help The'fi'itctuous talkyng that he had to me.
and frouer" Leg. Cath. p. 52. MS. Rawl. C. 86.
FROUGH. Loose; spongy; brittle; tender. FRUE. True ; faithful, lino.
Var. dial Short, crisp, applied to wood, FRUGAL. Relaxed. Norfolk.
bread, &c.
FRUGGAN. (1) A curved iron scraper with
FROUNCE. (1) A disease in hawks, which which ashes in an oven are stirred. North.
attacks the mouth and palate, so that they
"An oven-forke, tearmed in Lincolnshire a
cannot close the beak. See Keliq. Antiq.
i. 204 ; Diet. Rust, in v. fntffffin, wherewith fuell is both put into an
oven, and stirred when it is (on fire) in it,"
(2) To wrinkle. Also, to frown. As a substan- Cotgrave, in v. Fowrgon.
tive, afrown or wrinkle. In later writers, to
curl or twist. (2) A slovenly woman. North.
With that Bche/nwneeMupthebrow,
FRUIT. Apples. Heref,
This coveuatint y wille alowe
FRUITESTERE. A female seller of frnit.
Gotvtn; M& Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 48. Chaucer.
May hire so that he pronounce FRUM. Early; before its time; numerous;
A playue good worde, wkhoute frortncf. thick ; firm -, rank ; overgrown. West. Also
Gvww, MS. IWd, f. 63. as Frim, q. v.
The frovmtfiounsfth that was shene. FRUMENTY. Hulled wheat boiled in milk, and
The nese droppeth ofte bitwene. seasoned with cinnamon, sugar, &c. Ancient
Curttor Mundif MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 23. recipes for it, differing from each other, occur
(3) A flounce, in dress. Nares. in the Forme of Cury, pp. 91 , 1 2 1 . See Reliq,
(4) An irregular or wrinkled kind of ornament Antiq. i. 88. " Frumeutec noble," MS. Morte
on a cup. Pr, Parv. Arthure, f. 55. A person in a dilemma is said
FROUNTELLE. A frontlet. to be in a frumenty sweat.
With tfnwtfalto endent, FRUMP, (1) A lie. " To tell one a lie, to give
With perleof orywat. MS, Unctdn, A. i. 17, f. 133.
a frump," Hollyband, 1593. To fnxmp up a
FROUNTY. Very passionate. Line. tale, i. c. to invent one.
FROUSE. To rumple. South. (2) To be rude ; to mock ; to rebuke. Also, a
FROUST. A musty smelJL Var. dial, sarcastic taunt ; a toss uidej- tbe chin ; a flout,
FROUZE. To carl. Bono, p. 247. or mock* " To fnmaj> oae, to take one up
PROUZY. Fro ward; peevish ; crnsty. In Kent,
hastily, to speak akwrt," Ketmett MS. " So
it signifies anything disordered and offensive merry in yow Cramps/* Locriae, p. 54. See
to the eye or smell. Kennett, MS. Laasd, Horio, pp. 52, 72 ; Stanihurst, p, 34 ; Holiii-
PROW. (1) A woman. (Dui.) The term is still shed, Chron. Ireland, p, 80.
in use in the North of England for a dirty (3) A cross old woman ; a gossip. Var. dial*
woman, a slattern, a lusty woman. " JbiciUa, Also, to go about gossipping.
a miskin fro," Nonaeaclaior, 1585, pv 518. (4) T0 ooDaptei without cause. Lane.
 FUG FUL
384
much used by ladies, and composed frequently
FRUMPISH. Scornful;dialcontemptuous; peev- of highly injurious mineral poisons. Fucuses
ish frowar
; d. Var.
; to crumple ; to ruffle, for ladies," Strode's Floating Island, sig. C.
FRUMPLE. To wrinkle
or disorder, far. dial. FUD. (1) The tail of a hare. North.
FRUMPY, Same as Frumpish, q. v. (2) To kick with the feet. Craven.
FRUNDELE. Two pecks. North. FUDDAH. Further. East.
FRUNT. To affront. Somerset. FUDDER. As much as a two-horse cart \\ ill
FRUNTELEY. Same as Frontier, q. v. contain ; a fotlier. North.
FRUS. Fruit. Somerset. FUDDIN. A kick. Craven.
or FUDDLE. To intoxicate fish; to indulge in
FRUSH. (1) To bruise; to indent ; to break, drink. Var. dial
dash to pieces. See Florio, p. 24 ; Kyng ; Ah- FUDDLED. Bothered. Dorset.
saunder, 18U j Stamhurst, p 29 ;< Horn
Childe, p. 303. To flush a chicke n, i. e, to FUDE, (1) Man ; person. See Fode. In use in
De\on, according to Mite MS.
Andals I am maydene trewe and gent,
(2) To rash violently. See Maundevile, p. 238 ; If ^e be botbe at one assent,
Degrevant, 1087,
. I fayle the for na/wrff. MS. Lincoln A.I. 17, f. 13!>.
&-uschene on alle thefrape, andbierties affrayede
Mm te Ai thui ef MS. Lincoln, f 83 (2) Food. Perceval, 1326.
wood that is apt to break and splin- FUDGE. (1) A little fat person. North.
(3) Said ter.of North. (2) To poke with a stick. Suffolk. The term
To rub, or scrub. Line. p seems to be metaphorically used by Fairfax,
(4) Bulk and Selvedge of the World, 1674,
To setinthe
(5)Nares, feathers of an arrow upright, bee
v. "fudged up into such a smirkish live-
FRUSTICAL. Festive. Bads. liness," dedication.
FRUTINON. Now and then. East. (3) Nonsense ; fabulous. Var. dial.
FKUTTACE. A fritter. Yorfoh. Hence (4) To walk slowly and with difficulty.
Fmttace-Wednesday, Ash-Wednesday, when FUDGEE. To contrive to do. Devon.
fritters were eaten, FUD GEL. An awkward child. Cunib.
FRWARD. Forward. Percy. FUE. To make an attempt, North.
FUEL, Garden stuff. Hertf*
FRTJ3T. Fruit. Apol. Loll. p. 4.
FRY. (1) A drain. Wilts. FUELER. The domestic who made the fires.
(2) Young children. Salop. Antiq. p. 434. lo Also, as Fewtter, q. v.
the and to thi fry," i. e. seed, or progeny, FUP. Five. Kyng Alisaundcr, 6711.
FTJPF. To blow, or puff. North.
Towneley My*t. p. 24. " A great Me of FUFFY. Light ; soft ; spongy. North.
young children," Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033. FUGATION. A hunting ground. Bt ciiw
(3) The pluck of a calf. North.
haleant fugafiones suas ad fugamdiim, Carta
(4) Free ; noble. " That child that was so £17, Lib. Hen. I. Civ. Lond.
Rembrun, p. 424. G*.-£)
FRYCE. Freize cloth. Borde. FUGE. To take flight. (Lat.}
FKYKE. (1) Fresh ; active ; lusty. See Chron. FUGER-SATTJEN. Figured, or branched satin.
See Unton Inventories, p. 11.
Vilod. p 89 ; Lydgate's Minor Poems, p. 230 ;
Prompt. Parv. pp. 100, 179. FTJGH. A species of musical composition, ge-
Thys day a man ys fresche and fryfa, nerally terined///^MA
And schewyth forthe a gladly chere.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 19. FUGLEMAN. A person \vho directs the cheer-
Whan the theves deden hytn wounds,
ing of a crowd or mob. Var. dial.
FUKES. Locks of hair. North. Marklwun,
The feendys y lycken to the doggys /r#Ve.
MS. Ibid, f.26. Countrey Farmc, 161 G, p. 4GI>, uses the term
(2) To go, or move hastily. for/wcwm.
FRYSOXJN. AFrieslander. (4.-S.) FULBOLSY. Violently, /teds.
He 56de and solde hym for raunsoun, FULCH. To beat, or push ; to gore, as a bull ;
At London to a "Ftysoun. MS. Hart. 1701, f. 70 to squeeze; at taw, to edge on unfairly.
Devon.
FRYTE. Fnut. See Const. Mason, p. 33 ;
Tundale's Visions, p. 65. FULCULENCY. "Dreggie refuse and/aAae-
FU, Full Rit&on. lencie" Topsell's Serpents, p. 4 L
FUANTS. The dung of the wolf, fox, marten, FULDE. Destroyed. Hearne.
or badger. Twici, p, 22. FULDEN. Filled, Sec Aldren.
FUATTEJO. Flatted. Weber. FULDRIVE. Fully driven ; completed. Cheueer.
FU13. (1) To put off; to deceive. At marbles, FULE. ( 1) A bird, or fowl North.
an irregular mode of projecting the taw by an (2) Gold-foil. Pr,Parv.p. 182. The term fulyt
effort of the whole hand, instead of the thumb occurs in Gawaue and Goldgros.
only. See Moor, p. 138. FULFIL. To
. fill up entirely; to make fall,
(2) A small fat child. North.
FUCKSAIL/ The fore-sail. (Germ.) FUL-FREMED. Full or quite perfect •
FUCKWIND. A species of hawk. North. FULHEP. Fulness. MS. Cott Vespa*. 0. vii.
FUCUS, Paint for the complexion, formerly FULIKE. Foully j shamefully. (4*
 FUL 385 FUR
FULK. (1) A phrase made use of by boys play- FUMBLE-FISTED. Very awkward in Handling
ing at taw, when they slily push the hanc things. Suffolk.
forward to be nearer the mark. Dean FUME. (1) Smoke. (^.-<V.)
As from the fyre depertyth/torwe,
Milles" MS. Glossary. So body and sowle asondre goothe.
(2) A hollow place. Skinner. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 20.
FULKE. People. Chaucer.
FULKER. A pawnbroker, or usurer. (2) To become inflamed. Salop.
FULL. (1 ) Dark ; cloudy. Devon. FUMES. The ordure of the hert. " And jif men
speke and aske hym of the fumes, he shal
(2) Quite ; entirely ; every way. Var. dial See
Winter's Tale, i. 2. clepe Bodl.
MS. fumes 546.
of an hert," Maystre of the Game,
(3) Intoxicated. Craven,
(4) Several compounds of this, word denote vio- FUME TE RE. The plant fumitory, called erthe-
smo£in MS. Sloane 5,f. 5.
lence and impetuosity, *&futt-l>anff, full-butt,
full-drive, full-push, full-smack, full-split, FUMING-BOX. FUMISH.
A pastile-burner.
Angry ; fractious. Suffolk.
f nil-spout, &c. FUMLER. Afumbler. Craven.
(5) For ; because ; on account of. North.
FULL AM S. False dice. ShaJc. There were FUMOSITE. Fumes ; steam; smoke. (A.-N.)
high fullams and low fullams, to denote dice FUMOUSLY. Angrily ; furiously. " I waxefu-
loaded on the high or low number. mouse or angrye," Palsgrave.
FULLARING. A groove into which the nails FUMP. (1) A slap, or blow. Devon.
of a horse's shoe Much are inserted. (2) The gist, as of a joke. Exmoor.
FULL-BETTER. better. Salop.
North. FUMY-BALL. A puff-ball? Hall's Satires,?. 99.
FULL-CRY. Hounds are in full cry, when they FUN. (1) To cheat ; to deceive. Somerset.
(2) Found. Minot, p. 38. North.
run orderly,
Gent. Rec. ii. 78. and " hold it merrily together." (3) A small pitcher. Exmoor.
FULL-DUE. Final acquittance. East. PUNCH. To push. /. of Wight.
FUND. Found. North.
FULLE. (1) Fill ; sufficiency.
With the grace of God, or hyt were nyghte, FUNDE. To go ; to march.
Now to the forest thay fund*,
The yeant had hys full* of fyghte. Bathe with home and with hunde.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 66. MS. Lincoln A. i. 1?, f. 13*.
(2) To cleanse, or make clean. Line. FUNDELYNGE. A foundling. Prompt. Part.
FULLED. Baptised. Hear HP. FUNDEMENT. A foundation. (^.-JV.)
FULL-FLOPPER. A bird sufficiently feathered
to leave the nest. East. FUNDIED. Injured. Turner's Herbal, 1562.
FUNDLESS. A foundling; anything acciden-
FULL-FROTH. A cow is said to be in full- tally discovered. Wanv.
froth, when she gives the greatest quantity of
milk. Suffolk* FUNE. (1) Few, Minot's Poems, p. 7.
FULLGENS. Refulgence; brightness. (2) To fom,
Whenne or thrust.
thebatelles werejunede,
FULLING-STOCKS. A machine used in a mill With speris frcschely thay funedtt.
for fulling cloth. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 131.
PULL-LITTLE. Too little. North. FUNGES. Mushrooms. (A.-N.}
FULLMART. A pole-cat. It occurs under FUNK. (1) Touch-wood. Suffolk. "Funke,or
other forms. " A fitch, or fullraart," Cot- lytylle fyyr, igniculus^ Pr. Parv,
grave, in v. Belette. See Harrison, p. 225. (2) Cross ; ill-tempered. Oxon.
Fulmarde, Reliq. Antiq. i. 81 ; fulthmard, ib. ) A horse is said to Junk, when it throws up
ii. 83 ;-(< fulmer, or polcatte," Baret. its hind quarters without lashing.
FULLOCK. (1) To jerk the hand unlawfully. A (4) To smoke ; to cause a bad smell. North.
term at marbles.
(5) Great fear. Var. dial
(2) A sudden heavy fall. Derb. FUNNEL. (1) Afinial. Willis, p. 64.
FULL-PITCH, Ploughing the full depth of (2) A mare mule produced by an ass covered by
the soil is called taking it up a full-pitch. a horse. Line.
Nvrf. FUNNY. Comical ; pleasing. Var. dial.
FULLSOME. Nasty; indelicate. North. "Ful- FUN-STON. A font. " And hoven in fan-
some, or sluttish, sgualidus" Baret. ston," Leg. Cathol. p. 83.
HJLL-SOON. Very soon. Chaucer. Wick- FUR. (1) A farrow. North.
liffe hasj%# sorry, &c.
FULL-STATED. Spoken of a leasehold estate (2) To throw. Somerset
(3) The indurated sediment sometimes found iu
held under three lives. Devon. tea-kettles. Suffolk.
FULLTNGE. Baptising. (^*-&) (4) Fire. Rob, Glouc. p. 8 ; St. Braadan, p. 8.
FUL-MADE. Wrought ; finished. (^.-£) FURBELOWS. Itfnge j my ornamental part
FULSUM. To help, or aid. Qawayne. of female dies& Var. fiial,
FULSUMLI. Plenteously. WUl. Wsrw. FUUCHtJItE. The place where the thighs part*
FULSUMNESSE. Satiety. (^.-£) sometimes, t&$ legs. (^.- jV.)
ItTLTH-HEDE. Pithiness, Hearne. FURCU&f . Tne bottom ; the whole.
FTJL-TRUST. Trussed full; filled up. Web&r,
(1) Taxrkd. Hearne.
 FUR 386 FUY
(2) Furred, Kynge Johan, p. 39. FURTHER. See example under Far*
FUKDST The farthest. Salop. FURWE. A furrow. (A.-S.)
FURE. (1) To go. Cumb. It occurs as the part, FURZE-BKEAK. Land where furze is, or has
pa. in R. de Brunne, Bowes MS. been, growing, and is broken up. South.
(2) Fared. Also, went. Gawayne. FURZE-CHIRPER. The mountain finch, ii
Alexander hadd a grete lyste for to be bathede is also called the furze-chucker.
therm, aad went into it, and bathed hym, and FURZE-MAN-PIG. A hedgehog. Glouc.
waschede hym therm, atid also sone lie felle in a FURZEN. Furze. Tusser, p. 189.
fever, and a heved-werke, therwith so that he fure FURZE-OWL. A cockchafer. Somerset.
wonder ille. MS, Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 14.
FUREL, A furnace. Somerset. Weber has FUSBALL. A puff-ball,
Wych wilbc black and orlight
fungus-
withall, I'ay.dnal
fure for fire. See Fur (4). Much like the substance of a fusltab.
FURENDEL. The fourth part of a hushel of Ashniale'a Theat. Cftem. Bnt. 1652, p. 28J
corn. See Kennett, p. 78. FUSE. The track of a buck in the grass. A a
FUREB. An officer whose duty it was to burn ancient hunting term.
false measures. Dean Milles MS. FUSEL. A spindle. (Fn)
FURETTES. Ferrets. Ord. and Keg. p. 66. FUSIN. Same as Poison, q. v. We liave/u£0Hn
FUR-FORD. Perished. (A.-S.} See Kyng Ali- in Lybeaus Disconus, 100.
saunder, 3814, where the BodL MS. rightly FUSOME. Handy ; neat ; handsome. North.
omits the first y-mad. FUSSLE. A slight confusion. Suffolk. Called
FURGEON. A prop. YorJcsh. in some places fuasment,
FURGON, Same as Fruggan, q. v. "With/w- FUSSOCKING. Large and fat. North.
ffons and with tongis glowand/' Tundale,p.34. FUSSY. Needlessly or over busy. Var. dial.
(^.-M) See Prompt. Parv.p. 182. FUST. (1) A fist. Piers Ploughman, p. 356.
FUR-HEADS. Headlands of a field. Devon. (2) A vessel for wine, &c. (Fr.) See the Howard
FURIAL. Raging. (^.-A?.) Household Books, p. 522.
FURIBOND. Mad ; outrageous. Minsheu. (3) To mould as corn does. See Hamlet, iv. 4,
FUR-IRE. A fire-iron, q. v. St.Brandan, p. 30. and Palsgrave. Fustines, Ord. and Reg. p. 218.
FURL. To throw ; to hurl. /. Wight. (4) Wood. (A~N.)
FURLEY.
FURLONG. "Wondrous. The line of Gawayne.
direction of ploughed FUSTERER. A maker of pack-saddles. " The
saddlers and fusterers" Chester Plays, i. C
lands ; a division of an unincloaed corn-field. where MS. Bodl. 175, reads/r#sm.
Var. dial
FUSTIAN. Low ; vulgar ; coarse. Fustian to??-
FURME. To form. Reliq, Antiq. ii. 14. guaffe, unintelligible jargon, such as gipsies UM\
FURMEST. First ; foremost. (A.-S.) See Cotgrave, in v. Barragouin ; Florio, p. 00.
FURMETY. Same as Frumenty, q. v. FUSTIKE. A kind of wood used by dyers. Sec
FURNACE. (1) A boiler. Somerset. Brit. Bibl. ii. 403.
(2) To smoke lite a furnace. Shale. FUSTILARIAN. A cant term of contempt, a
FURNAGE. A fee paid for baking. See Ord. fusty stinking fellow. Shah.
and Reg. p. 195. FUSTILUGS. A big-boned person ; a fat gross
FURNER. A malkin for an oven. Line.
woman. Exmoor. "A fustilug, or rank smell-
FURNEY. A furnace. Maundevile, p. 49.
FURNEYE. To furnish. Weber, ii. 216. FUSTLE.ing woman/7 Howell.
A fuss, or bustle. Warw.
FURNIMENT. Furniture ; decoration. FUSTY. (1) Thirsty. Wilts.
FURNITADE. Furniture. Essex.
FURNITURE, this word formerly signified any (2) Musty ;Handsome.
PUSUM. mouldy ; ilUracllmg-
North. 1'ar. dial
kind of moveable property. A country -well FUTE, The scent or track of a fox, or any }>oast
stocked with animals, &c. was said to have of chace. Pr.Paro. Spelt/^eby Howell, in v.
good furniture. KJTNON. Now and then. Matt.
FURNOUR. Abater. (Zaf.) See Ord. and Reg,. FUTRE. Sec Fouira, " Putre for tliy base ser-
pp. 70, 232. Still in use in Kent. vice/' Heywood's Royall King, 1637, siff. C.
FUROLE, A kind of meteor, mentioned by iii. See 2 Henry IV, v. 3.
Skinner, and described by Cotgrave, in v. FUTEIT. An horizontal shaft or way used near
FURRED-HOOD. A hood lined with far. Furde Ironbridge. Salop.
whodes, Kynge Johan, p. 39. Furred pack, FUWTING. Favouring. Mirr. Mag. p. 252.
a wallet of skin with the hair outward. ITOOL. A fowl, or bird
FURRED-UP, Entangled. South. The &ss t<» watur, A!S we find,
I URROUR. A fur, or skin. - See Maundevile, I'ho fuxol be tapht he to the wyml.
MS. Cott. V&tpat. A. UJU f. 4
p. 247; Planche's Costume, p. 174.
FURUY-DAY. A dancing festival and merry- FUYLE. (1) To defile.
making on the 8th of May, observed with £>he bede hit me wlthouteu blynne,
, great ceremony at Helston, co. Cornw, She hath me fuylrt with hnr »ynne,
F0RSTI. Thirsty. See Afwst* Curnr Wundi, SIS, CWt Trio. Ctertft*. f. «,
If he ete of another tre, (5) To fail. Apol. Loll. p. 59.
J^urati shal he never be. FUYR, Fire.. See MattndevDe, p. 35 j
foraor Mundt, MS. Colt, Trin. Cantab, f, 7. p. 68 ; Formo of Ciitv, *. 84.
 387
GAB GAB
FUYSON. Foison , plentv. SMton. Ray has FYLLOK. A wanton gill. Hye VVa/ to the
fuzzon as a North country word. Spyttell Hous, n. d.
FUZ. Furze. Var.dial FY-LOAN. A word used to call home cows to
be milked. North.
FUZZY. Light and spongy. North. Rough
and shaggy. East. Silk or cotton that ravels, FYMTERE. Same as ErthesmoA, q. v. It is
is said to wear fuzzy. mentioned in MS. Med. Lincoln.
FWALCHON. A term of reproach. See an in- FYN. Fme ; clever. (4.-N.)
stance inthe Towneley Myst, p. 130. FYNDLY. Fiend-like ; terrible.
This preist that was her parson and curat there,
FYDDE. Fed. Tundale, p. 146.
Seid, I shall tell you what is best
FYE. Boldness. (sJ.-N.) To putte awey holy this fyndly tempest.
Thynge whiche is litille worth withinne, MS. Laud. 416, f, 4&
He sayeth in openfye to synne, FYNDYNG. An allowance. Hearne.
Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 42.
FYNELICHE. Finely ; nicely. Gower.
FYEMARTEN. A term of reproach ?
1582. Feb 22, we went to the theater to se a FYNGIRMELL. A finger's breadth.
FYNISMENT. End; finish. Gawayne.
scurvie play set owt al by one virgin, which thcr
FYNLY. Goodly. Robin Hood, i. 51.
proved nfyemai-ten without vojce, so that we stayd
not the matter. FYOLL.
MS. Addit* 5008. A cup, or pot. It corresponds to the
FYEN. To purge ; to clear ; to drive ; to hanish ; Latin amula. " Fyollys and cowpis," Tundale,
to digest. See Arch. xxx. 353 ; Prompt. Parv. p. 64. See Huloet, ed. 1552.
FYRMETE. Infirmity. Audelay, p. 31.
p. 159. FYRRYS. Furze or gorse. Pr. Parv.
FYGERE. A fig-tree. (A.-N.) FYSCHERE. A fisher.
FYGEY. A dish composed of almonds, figs, Anodur man he mett there, ,^
raisins, ginger, and honey. He seyde he was a fyschei e.
FYGWRYTH. Rgureth. Cov. Myst. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 120.
FYKE. Trifling care. Northumb. In Syr Ga- FYSYSCHONS. Physicians.
wayne occurs fytod, shrank, was troubled. All the lechys, fysyschons, and surgyens, ne yyt all
FYLAND. Defiling. See File. the creaturys in hevene and in crthe, schall not
Here may men se and undyrstand mowe heele the wounde of hyt.
Howe fowle syn es and howfyland. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f, 8.
Ha7>ip<ilet JUS. Bowes t p. 76. FYTTE. Feet. Torrent, p. 20.
FYLE. Vile; foul. Weber. It means fill in FYYETHE. The fifth.
Torrent of Portugal, p. 39. Thefyvethe day he failed nowjt,
FYLEGII. To follow. Ps. Cott. MS. Of watir, foule, and fisshe, he wroujt.
FYLESOFERUS. Philosophers. (^..JV.) Curtor Mundi, MS. CM. THn. Cantab, f. 3.
FYLLE. (1) A file. Nominale MS. FYVIRE. Fever. Arch. xxx. 407.
(2) To fulfil. Syr Gawayne. FYWELEF. Same as Five-leaf, q. v.
FYLLETORY-GUTTERS. Gutters for convey- FYYRE, The star-thistle. Pr. Parv.
ing water from the walls of buildings. FYYST. Linda. Prompt. Parv.

GA. To go. North. See Perceval, 1462, GABBLE-RATCHE S. Birds that make a great
2173, 2271. Gaa, ib. 1615; Isumbras, noise in the air in the evenings. N&rth.
696, 719, 724, 754. GABEL. A tax, or excise. (d.-N.)
The kyng bare witnesse and seid, ja, GABERDINE. A coarse loose frock or mantle.
But thou myjt onys er thou ga, " Mantyll a gabercbne/' Palsgrave. Still in
Etyn with me a mele. use in Kent.
MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 53.
GABERLILTIE. A ballad-singer. North. -
And whether it torne to' wele or waa, GABIE. A sieve with laige holes. North.
Gladly wille I with jow^za.
MS. Lincoln A. i 17, f. 127. GABLE. (1) High. HeaYne.
(2) A cable. Gabk-rope, a larg<S thick rope, a
GAAM. Sticky; clammy. Wilts.
GABBARD. Same as Gat/bern, q. v. cable. " Gable rope of a shippe, chable"
GABBE. To talk idly; to jest. (A^N.) Still Palsgrave.
Softe, ser, seyd the gabulle-rope*
in common use. In early writers it sometimes Methinke gode ale is in jour tope*
means, to lie, or draw the long bow. Nuga faettoat) p. lit
To the kyng than sayd ayr Gawayne, Ilys gabulle and hys ropyseverecfione
I gabbyd on hym thys jendyr day. Was portrayed verely.
MS. Karl. 2252, f. 102. U&Cwtob. Ff. iJ.38, f.7«.
GABBER, Explained by Franklin, Life, ed. GABLETS. Small ornaniealal gables of cano-
1819, p. 57, a pmon u skilful in the art of pies formed over tabernacles, niches, &c. See
burlesque." It now means, to talk nonsense.
the Oxford Gloss. AJX&. p. 178.
Ale the walte wds of gete,
GABBERIES, Wily deceits. Miwkev*
Of gaye gbtelette*
3fS.a»dUnooto
grete. A. i* 17, f. Mfl*
GABBERN. Large ; comfortless ; ill-contrived.
Applied to rooms of hotises. Wil£#> GABtl-^IHlX)^. A window in a gable, ot
GABMRG. Lyittgn^tin^. WickUfe.
shaped like a gable, Brttton.
 GAF 3 J8 GAH
GABLICK. A crovr-har. Line. HP gnf
His
hym a gode swerde 3n Ills hond,
hed with for tokepe.
GABLOCKS. Spurs made of iron or metal lor JUS, OznteS. Ff- v. 48, f. 13L
fighting-cocks. Holme, 1668,
GABRIEL'S-HOUNDS. At Wednesbury _m GAFF. (1) An iron hoe or hook. West. "Croki4
Staffordshire, the colliers going to their pits as a gaffe," Bel. Ant. ii. 174.
early in the morning hear the noise ofgive a pack (2) To play a game by tossing up three pence.
of hounds in the air, to which they the
name of Gabriel's Hounds, though the more (3) A gaffer or old man. Lino.
GAFFER. An old man ; a grandfather; a head
sober and judicious take them only to be wild labourer or ^oikman. West. Formerly, a
making
geese MS. this noise in their flight. Ken- common mode' of address, equivalent to friend
nett, Lansd. 1033. North,
neighbour.
GABY. A silly fellow. T'ar. dialGlouc. part of the cross-bow which
GACH. Children's filth or dirt. GAFFLE . (1)
•was used in That
bending it.
GAD. (1) A measuring rod of ten feet. Hence,
a fishing-rod ; any rod or stick. North. (2) To teaze ; to incommode ; to incumoer ; to
(2) A spear ; a goad or small bar of metal ; a pole gad about. West.
pointed with metal. The last sense is still in (3) A dung-fork, Somerset.
use. A kind of long and stout nail is still (4) To chirp, or chatter, as birds do. Gavfyng,
Wright's Seven Sages, p. 113.
termed a gad-nail Hence to gad, to fasten GAFFLOCK. An iron crow-bar. Berb.
with such a nail. Gads, knobs or spikes of
iron used in ancient armour. GAFFS, Spurs made of iron or metal for fight-
And hys axes also smeten
With gaddes of stele that made them to betyn. GAFT. A sort ing-cocks. Holme, 1688.' used for catching
of fish-hook,
MS. Cantab. Ff. Ii. 38, f.213. eels. Wilts.
And thanne me thoghte those devels tuke lange GAFTY. Doubtful; suspected. CJiesh.
eaddes of iryne alle brymrynge, and put thorowte GAG. (1) To nauseate. Suffolk.
fhe barelle. US- Linaoln A. i. 17, f 254.
f3} The gad-fly. Var. dial All upon the gad, (2) To gad about. Dean Milles MS.
GAGATE. An agate. Monast. iii. 175, See a
I e. TOTing, frolicsome. " The gad of going," receipt like the following from another MS. in
Shirley, v. 456. To gad, to flit about like a Reliq. Antiq, i. 53.
gad-fly. See Stanihurst, p. 28. Godding For to gare a womane say what thou askes hlr.
mtowe, Horio, p. 100. Talc a stane that is called a pagate, and lay it on Wr
(4) To think \ to believe. Kennett . lefts pape wheoe scho ?lepis, that scho *let not,
(5) A tall, slender person. Craven. West. and Jf the stane be guile, alls that them askes hir
GAD -ABOUT. A rambling person. sallescho s-vy the whatever schohase done.
MS. Lincoln A. I. 17, f. 304.
QADAMAN. Roguish. Herefordsh.
GAD-BEE. The gad-fly. Horio,p. 42. GAGE. (1) A pledge ; also, to pledge ; to put in
GAD-BIT. A nail-passer. Var. dial pledge or pawn; to lay as a wager j a pledge,
GADDRE. " Gaddre as a calfes gadre or a or defiance for battle. "la gage," Hall,
sliepes, froissure" Palsgrave, Henry IV. f. 32. See Ileywood'a Iron Age,
GADE. A gadh'ng See A-gade.e. riff. I. iii. ; England's Helicon, p. 210 j Tragedy
GADER. To gather. Palsgrav of Hoffman, 1631, sig. E. iii.
GADGER, A gauger, or exciseman. North. (2)tonA measure of slate, one yard square, about a
GAD-HOOK. A long pole with an iron crook in weight.
attached to It. Somerset. (3) A bowl or tub for cream. East. A quart
GADLING. A vagabond. (^/.-£) pot, according to Deldcer. <c Gage, lytyll
He seyde, fals thefe and fowle gad.lyr>s> bolle," Pr. Par*.
Thou lyest falsely, y am thy kynge.
(4) To harness
MS Cantab. Ff. a. 38, f. 240. GAGEME a horse. 2fe&.
NT- An engagement. /. Wight.
For every gadlyng, nat wurth a pcre, GAGGER. A nonconformist. East.
Takyth ensample at ww to awere. To cacMe ; to laugh immoderately.
MS. Httrl. 1701, f. 6. GAGGLE.
Thof siche gadlynges be grevede, North. See Harrison, p, 223 ; Stanihursi, p.
It graves me bat lyttille, 11; Reliq. Antiq. i. 86. A flock of geese
MS. Lincoln A. i, 17. f- fa was called a. gaygle of geese.
GADREDEN. Gathered. (4.-S.) A faire white goose beara feathers on her backe,
Tho alle the fisches hi the flode
That goggle* still.
Gadreden him abo-ute. Churchyard's PlMtant Conctitt ',
MS. CoU, Ti in, Qx<m. 57, art. 2. GAGGLES. The game of nine-pins. North.
GAD-STEEL. Flemish steel, because wrought
GAGS. Children's pictures, Suffolk.
in get dsj or small bars. GAG-TEETH. Teeth that project out.
GAD- WHIP. An ox-whip. Line. " Agadde, GAGY. Showery. East Sussex.
or wHppe," Baret, 1580, G. 2, GAHCHYD. Gashed ; scratched.
GAED. Went. North. See Ga. GAHEN. Again.
GAERN, A garden. Somerset. Com he never gatisn in thy» land*
GAP. Gave. Somerset Gaf Mm to drink, i. e. Thar waahys dohtl bodi *k».
addicted himself to drink.
Qvg of Warwick, .'
 GAL 380
GAL
CAHUSEY. A comfortable \\arm worsted short G ALAVANT. To flirt ; to woo. T'ar. dial.
shirt with sleeves. East. GALCAR. An ale-tub. Yorksh. See Gail.
GAIBESEEN. Gay in appearance, i. e. gay to GALDER. Coarse, vulgar talk. Also, to talk
be seem Chatoner. coarsely and noisily. East.
GALDIMENT. A great fright. Somerset.
GAIGNAGE.
As the Gain ; profit.
trewe man to the (A.-N.*)
ploughe GALE. (1) A castrated bull. West.
Only to the gaignage entendeth. (2) To cry; to croak, or scream. Also, song,
Uowe>\ MS. Soc. Antiq. 334, f. 100. noise. See Kyng Alisaunder, 2047, 2548.
GAIL, A tub used in. brewing. Gail-clear, a
tub for wort. Spelt yailker in Hallamsh. " Thare yalede the gowke," Morte Arthure,
MS. Lincoln, f. 63.
Gloss, p. 147. Gail-dish, a vessel used in pour- Tille at the last one of verr£ pryde
ing liquor into a bottle or cask. North. Presumptuously gan tocrye and gale,
GAILEK. A gaoler. Chaucer. And seydin ^chortely the leggis weren to sui«ue.
GAILLARD. Busk; gay. (A.-N.) Lydgute* MS. Soc Antiq. 134, f. 17.
GAILY. Pretty well in health. North. (3) To ache with cold; to fly open with heat.
GAIN. Near; contiguous; suitable; conve- North.
nient; piotltable; cheap; easy; tolerable; (4) >Vild myrtle. Cuml.
dexterous ; tractable ; active ; expert ; respect- (5) To gale a mine, to acquire the right of work-
able honest
; ; accommodating. North. ing it. West.
GAINCOME. Return. Chaucer.
(6) Fashion?
Who so manner?
with sworde wy rites bale,
GAINCOPE. To go across a liold the nearest
way ; to meet with something. tfouth. He shalle go that like gale,
GAINFUL. Tractable ; active. YorfoA. MS. Cantab, Ff. \.48, f. 17.
GAJNGIVING. A mibgiving. Mak. (7) Taunt ; gilje. Park.
GAINLI. Suitable. «* Agamli word," Bevesof (8) The gaol, or prison.
Litut Johne and Moeh for sothe
Hamtoun, p. 112. Ganeh/, readily, Wcbcr,
Toke the way unto theyale.
iu 160. Easily, Craven Dial. i. 173. JWS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f, J31.
GAINSAN. Gainsaying; denial.
And sagh that gtunstin w.is thar nan. (9) Any kind of excrescence. Line.
JUS. Gift. Vcspas. A, iii. f. 8. GALE-HEADED. Heavy ; stupid. Devon.
GAINSHIRE. The barb of a fishing hook. Deri. GALENTINE. A dibh iii ancient cookery made
GAINSTAND. To withstand; to oppose. See of sopped bread and spices. " Laye some
Fairfax, Bulk and Selvedge, 1674, p. 7. A breed in sokc, for I wyll have some galantyne
subit. in Hardy ng, f. 101. made," Palsgrave,
Scho fcchedeof the kytchyne
GA1NSTRIVE. To strive against. Spenser. Hasteletes in gnbntj/ne.
GAIRN. Yarn. Yorksh. MS. Lincoln A, 1 17, f. 1^5,
GAIT. A path, way, or street ; pasturage for GALES. Wales. Thornton Romances, p. 1.
cattle during summer in a common field ; a GALEY. Swampy ; marshy. Devon.
single sheaf of corn ; two buckets of water, GALFRIDE. Geoffrey, Chaucer.
North. To gait corn, to set up sheaves of GALIARD. Gay. Hall, Edward IV. f. 37. Ga
corn in wet weather to dry.
Uaudise, gaiety, Thynne's Debate, p. 58.
GAIT-BERDE.
stirillum in Nominale A goat'sMS.beard. Translated by Thare thegrete waregederyde wyth£-atya>cZ« knyghtes.
Murtf Jrthure, MS. Lincoln, f. 61.
GAITING. Frolicsome. Dorset,
GALILEE. A church porch. Davies, Ancient
GAITINGS. Single sheaves of corn set up on
end to dry. North. Rites, p. 71, mentions the Galilee-bell.
GALING. A bruise. Somerset.
GAITRE-BERRIES. Berries of the dog-wood
tree. Chaucer. GAL1NGALE. Sweetcyperus. " Gingiver and
GAKIN. A simpleton. Glouc. galingale," Gy of Warwike, p. 421,
GALINIC. A guinea-fowl. Cornw. The more
GAL. A girl, or maiden. Var. dial. common word is gattaney.
GALAGANT1NG. Large and awkward. West.
GALAGE. A kind of patten or clog, fastened GALIOT. A small vessel. " Theyr shippes and
with latchets. " Solca, a shoe called &galaye GALKABAW. theyr gatiot," Hardyng, f, 204.
Literally a girl-cow-boy ; a girl
or paten, which hath nothyng on the fcetc but who looks after cows. Suffolk.
onely latchetles," Elyot, 1559. See Florio, p. GALL. (1) A sarcasm. Also to say galling, sar^
203, ed. 1611 ; Strutt, ii. 235. The term is
cantic things ; to vex oae»
now applied to any coarse shoe.
For they beene like foule wagmoires overgrast, (2) A sore place ; a fault, or imperfection, Still
That if thy gttUage once stlcketh fast, in use in Sussex,
The more to winds it out thou doest swincke, f 3) To frighten. Somerset.
Thou mought ay deeper and deeper slncke. (4) The oak*aff>le, Prompt, Parv.
Greentfs Ghost- Haunting Cony catcher*, 1626* GALLACES, Braces. Yorksh.
GALANTNESSE. Fashion in dress. (^.-M) GALLANT, feely dressed. Also, a person in
GALAOTHE. Achaplet. Maundevile, p. 244. gay or fine apparel,
GALASH. To cover the upper part of the shoe GALLAS. The gallows. Kennett.
with leather, YorJctth. GAIXE. Vexation j trouble. (A.-N.)
 GAL 390
Cokwold was kyng Arthour, Tusser, p. 156. Also, bare places in a crop.
Ne galle non he had. XS. Ashmole 61, f. 60.
Gaily, wet, moist, applied to wet land.
G ALLEY-BAUK, A bar or beam in a chimney GALLY. To frighten ; to taunt ; to harass ; to
on which pot-hooks hang. North. hurry. West. Moor mentions an apparition
GALLEY-CROW. A scarecrow. Wilts. called a gally-trot.
GALLEY-POIST. A long barge with oars. GALLY-BIRD. A -woodpecker. Sussex
The term was especially applied to the Lord GALLY-GASKINS. Wide loose trousers. Called
Mayor's barge. " A stately gallie or gaUy- gally-breechesm GaulMdo and Barnardo, 1570.
foist that the Duke of Venice goes in triumph Harrison, speaking of excess in women's appa-
in," Florio, p. 70. rel, mentions " their galligascons to beare out
GALLEY-NOSE, The figore-aead of a ship. their bums and make their attire to sit plum
GALLIAN. Gallic, or French. Shale. Dekker,
his (as
round
in they terme
Belman of London, says them."
it) about that shoplifters
GALLIAED. A quick and lively dance, intro- generally wore gaily e slops. See Earle, p.
duced into this country about 1541. The term
was also applied to the tune to which it was 248 ; Brit. Bibl. ii. 518.
GALLY-GUN. A kind of culverin.
nihurst,p." 16.
danced. To pipe or whistle a galiard/' Sta- GALLY-HALFPENNY. An inferior foreign
GALLIASS. A large kind of galley. See Flet- coin prohibited by Henry VI II. Btonnt.
cher's Poems, 12mo. 1656, p. 255. GALLY-TEAM. A team kept for hire. Went.
GALL1BEGGAJL A scarcecrow; a bugbear. GALLY-TILES. Little square tiles, like those
Smth. of polished earthenware sometimes seen in
GALLIC-HANDED- Left-handed. North. cottages in the country.
GALLJCK. Bitter as galL Cotes. GALLY-TRAPS. Any frightful ornaments,
GALLIE R. (1) A person who keeps teams for head-dresses, hoods, Ac. Crime,,
hire. Heref. GALOCHE. Same as Galage, q. v,
(2) Aiight; a romping bout. West. GALOING. Galling; rubbing. Huloet.
GALLIGANT. See Gatavant. GALORE. Plenty. Var. dial " I'll soon get
GALLIGANTUS. Any animal much above the togs y#fon>," Dibdin's Songs, 1823, no. 18.
usual size. Glouc. CALOWE-TRE. The gallows. Ritson.
GALLIMAWTREY. A dish made of several GALPE. To yawn ; to gape ; to belch. (//.-£)
kinds of meat minced. See Cotgrave, in v. Also a substantive. " With gastlie gatye of
Hachis ; Florio, p. 6 ; Taylor's Workes, 1 14.6 ; grislie bug," Stanihurst, p. 28.
Lilly's Sixe Court Comedies, 1632, sig. T, GALT. (1) A boar pig. North. " A galtte,
The term is still in use for a dish made up of nefrendua" Nommale MS.
Tak a baeyue, and scourc It wel*', nnrt atioynto
remnants and scraps. It is appliad meta- the sydis wele within with thel.wieof a ifftlta.
phorical y toany confused jumble of things. ATS. LwculH. J/tfif f. 2114.
See Amends fox Ladies, ii. 1 ; Stanihurst, p. Gresse growene as a gnlte, ftu!s grylych htHukcz.
lljTarlton's Jests, p. 109. Mortedrthwe, A/A'. Lsnwln, f. <!5,
GALLIMENT. A frightful object. Devon. (2) Clay ; brick-earth, Suffolk
GALLISE. The gallows. West.
GALLO-BELGJCUS. A kind of European an- G(3)ALToVE gall
R. orTorub. throb Kennett's
; to move MS. Gloss. East.
qui ukly.
nual register in Latin was published under this GALWES. The gallows. (,-/,-&) St>e L:ui^
title, and is referred to by Ben Jonson and toft, p. 247 ; and fifth example under jhikanxe*
many contemporary writers. The first volume GAM. To mock. North.
GAMASHES. Gaiters. AorM. Th« twin was
appeared about 1598.
GALLOC. The herb comfrey. formerly applied to a kind of loose drawers or
GALLOCK-HAND. The left hand. Yorteh. stockings worn outside the legs over the oth*kr
GALLOPED-BEER. Small beer made for im- clothing, and much used by trav<!ll«ra. Also
mediate consumption. East. called gamogins or gambadoes, which were
GALLOPIN. An under-cook ; a scullion. See large cases of leather to protect the shoes and
Arch, xv. 11 ; Ord. and Reg.p, 252. stockings from the dirt when on horseback.
GAMAW1UED. Half tipsy, toe.
CALLOW. To frighten. A Wiltshire word, ac-
cording toKennett, MS. Lanad, It occurs in GAMBAUDE. A gambol, or pmnk. (^.-,V.)
Shakespeare. Gambawdynge, Hartshorne's Anc. Met, Tales,
GALLOWAY. A horse under fifteen hands high j p. 252 ; Skelton, iL 352.
a hackney. North. GAMBESON. A stnfTed and quilted habit,
GALLOW-CLAPPER. A very wild youth. •Qtted to the body to present the chafing of the
GALLOWGLAS S. An Iris h heavy-armed foot- external armour, as well as to check the pro-
soldier. See Arch, xxviii. 139. He was in the gress ofa weapon. It descended to the middle
third rank of Irish soldiers, but considered of of the thighs, and was also worn la ft Lets sub*
great importance in battle. A heavy axe used stantial shape by women to regnUte their
by a gallowglass was also so called. figure. See Gy of \Varwike, pp. 312, 325.
(•omec with {?ambaMK>u>H*
GALLOWS. Very. Far. dial Ivycs on the bent RO brawp*.
GALLS. Springs or wet places in a field. See MS, Unctfn A* L IT* '
 GAN 391 GAR
GAMBLE. A leg, Somerset. Perhaps yam- GANGERAL. A vagrant. North. Cotgm*
brel, the lower part of the leg. applies the term to a tall scraggy man.
GAMBONE. A gammon. Skelton, i. 105, GANGING. Going. North. Ganging-gear, the
GAMBREL. (1) A crooked piece of wood used by machinery of a mill.
butchers for hanging up or expanding a slaugh- No gruche noghtomy snn£Sy»S* it salle to glide tutne.
Morte Aithure, MS. Lincoln, f, 60.
tered animal,
(2) A cart with rails. Heref. GANGING S-ON. Proceedings. North.
GAME. (1) Pleasure ; sport. (A.-S.} Game- GANGLE. To make a noise. (4.-N.)
liche, joyfully, Reliq. Antiq. ii. 8. GANGLING. Tall, slender, delicate, generally
Him luste betre for to wepe applied to plants. Warw.
Than don oujt ellis to the game. GANGRIL. A toad. North.
Gowei; MS. Soe. Anttq. 134, f. 238, GANGSMAN. A foreman. Lino.
[2) A rabbit-warren. See Lambarde's Perambu- GANG-TEETH. Teeth in animals which pro*
lation, ed. 1596, p. 11. ject out of the mouth. Topsell,p, 194.
GAME-LEG. A sore or lame leg. Var. dial GANG- WAY. An entry, or passage, Kent.
GAMELY. Playfully. (A.-S.) GANG-WEEK. Rogation week. See (Jang.
GAMENE. See Game. Perceval, 1689. GANNER. A gander, far. dial.
GAMESTER. A dissolute person of either sex. GANNER-HEAD. A great dunce. South.
A fighter is still called a gamester in Somerset. GANNIES. Turkies. Devon. Palmer and Jen-
GAMMAGE. The same tale repeated over nings have ganny-coch.
again to one person. GANNING. The barking of foxes. SeeTopsell's
GAMMER. An old wife ; a grandmother. See Beasts, 1607, pp. 128, 223.
Two Lancashire Lovers, 1040, p. 99. Gam- GANNOK. Standard ; ensign. Httarne,
mcr-stawj, a rude wanton girl. To idle, ac- GANNOKER, A tavern or inn-keeper.
cording toGrose. CANNY-WEDGE, A thick wooden wedge, used
(JAMMEREL. The small of the log. Devon. in splitting timber. West.
GAMMET. Fun; sport. Somerset. Also to GANSE. (1) Thin ; slender. Kent.
dance, as a nurse does a baby. Hence ffaw- (2) Merriment ; hilarity, Sussex.
mefs, whims, fancies. GANT. (1) To yawn. North.
GAMMON. Sport ; ploy ; nonsense. Tar. dial. (2) Lusty; hearty; well. North.
Perhaps from the old word gamenc. " This (3) A village fair or wake. JEasL
gammon shal begyne," Chester Plays, i. 102. (4) Scanty. Moor's Suffolk Words, p. 143.
GAMMOUTHE. The gamut. Palsgrave. (5) A gander. " A gose and a gant," Skelton,
GAMOCK. Foolish, silly sport. Also, to romp i. Ill* Giraldus Cambrensis calls itauea,the
or play practical jokes. Salop, same as antier. In Pr. Parv. p. 186, bistarda,
GAMY. Sticky ; dirty. Hants. or the bubltird, according to Ducange. Douce
GAN. (1) Began. Chaucer. says gant is the gannet, a bird about the size
(2) A mouth. An old cant term. of a goose, mentioned by Kay as found in
GANCH. To punish by that cruel mode prac- Cornwall.
tised in Turkey of suspending a criminal on a GANTREE. A stand for barrels. North. Called
hook by the ribs till he dies. 'Nares. also a gantril.
GANDER. To gad ; to ramble. East, GANTY. Merry ; frolicsome. Sussex.
GANDERGOOSE. The herb ragwort. GANTY-GUTTED. Lean and lanky. East.
GANDER-MONTH. The month in which a GANZAS. Geese, \fyan.)
man's wife is confined. Var. dial. Gander- GAOW1NG. Chiding. Exmoor.
mooner, a married gallant, one who exercises GAP. To notch ; to jag. South. " To gap or
#allatitry at that season. to stile," to be always in time.
fiVNDEKNOFED. Giddy ; thoughtless. West. GAPESING. Sightseeing. Var. dial In Devon
GANDY. Idly disposed. Salop. gape's nest is a strange sight ; and in the North,
(JANE. (1) Gone; went. Xorth.
(2) To yawn, or gape. Palsgrave. Still used GAPESNATCH. A fool. Gtoue*
gape-seed,
in Lincolnshire, pronounced gawn. GAPE-STICK. A large wooden spoon. East.
GANE-FISH. A hornbcak. Somerset. GAR. To force ; to compel ; to make. North.
GANG. (1) To go. North. See Harrison, p. See further in. Gare.
57 ; Illust. Fairy Mythol. p. 66, Hence Gang- GARATWIST. Awry. Swto*.
days, Rogation week, so called because the GARB. A sheaf of corn. Aa old heraldic term,
parish boundaries were generally perambu- mentioned by Df ayton.
lated at that time. GARBASH. Garbage. Efcfrio, p. 70.
Thorow grace that He ui jevetih, GARBBLLEK. A perso&wao examined spices,
Where so we gmge.
MS. Contab. Ft ii. 38, f, 31. drags, &c. to fluid out
GARB-FEATHERS. Thethe*feathers
impurities
underinthe
them.
bill
(2) Row, set, or company. Vasr. dial. of ft hawk, Berbers.
GANG-BOOSE. The narrow passage from a RBOIL. A commotion, tumult, uproar, or
cow-house to the barn. North.
GANGER. A good goer. North. eoifus30*u
, p. 88Seej Startihurst,
Florio, pp. p.55,34.
443 ; Drayton'»
 GAR 392 GAR
GARCIL. Underwood. North. GARFANGYL. An eel-spear. Pr.
GARCLIVE. The herb agrimony. GARFITS. Garbage. North.
GARGATE. The throat. Chaucer. We have
CARD. A facing, or trimming. •• Three faire gargaze in Kyng Alisaunder, 3636.
gards," Euphues Golden Legacie, p. 117. GARGEL. A projecting spout from a gutter,
" Garded or purfled garments," Hollyband's sometimes made in grotesque and ornamented
Dictionarie, 1593. " I garde a garmente, 1
forms. " Gargyle in a wall, gargoille" Pali-
sette one garde upon hym, je bende" Pals- grave. " Gargeyld with grayhoundes," Percy,
grave. wNow may 1 were the brodered garde," p. 27. See Prompt. Parv. p. 186.
King Cambises, p. 260. See also Liturgies of GARG1LOUN, Part of the numblcs of a deer.
Edward YI. p. 423, wrongly explained by the
See Sir Tristrem, p. 387 ; Rel. Ant. i. 153.
editor jand
Anec. Soliman Trad. and Perseda, p. 233 ; Thorns'
p. 43. GARGOUN. Jargon ; language. (A.-N.) See
Wright's Seven Sages, pp. 106, 107.
GARDE. Caused ; made. (A.-S.) " He garde
hyroe goo," Torrent of Portugal, p. 28. GARGUT-ROOT. Bear's-foot. Norf.
GARDEBRACE. Armour for the arm. (^.-M) GARISH. Splendid ; shining ; magnificent ; fine.
GARDEEN. A guardian. Suffolk. See Lilly's Sixe Court Comedies, 1632, sig. V.
GARDEMANGER. A cupboard. (Fr.) vi ; Marlowe, ii. 44 ; Draytpn's Poems, p. 225 ;
GARDEN. To garden a hawk, i. e. to put her Harrison, p. 172. Garishly, Billingsley's
on a piece of turf. Brachy-Martyrologia, 1657, p. 35. In the
GARDEN-GINGER. Cayenne pepper, provinces it is used in the senses of/ rig-htenetJ,
GARDEN-HOUSES. Summer-houses, frequently very wild, silly, foolishly yay.
mentioned by our old dramatists as places for
GARISOUN.
(2) A reward. (1)' To heal. Rob.Chaucer.
Garyson, Glouc. p. 409.
intrigue and debauchery. Garden-pot, a water-
GARLAND. The ring in a target in which the
ing pot, Du Bartas, p. 4. Garden-whore, a
very common whore, Peelti's Jests, p. 3. prick or mark was set.
GARDEROBE. A wardrobe ; the place in a GARLANDS. A common name for small col-
palace where the clothes are kept. (Fr.) lections ofpopular ballads.
GARDEVIANCE. A chest, trunk, pannier, or GARLE. To spoil butter in making by handling
it with hot hands. East.
basket ; a bag for meat. " Scriniolum, a kas-
GARLED. Variegated ; streaked ; spotted. A
ket or forsar, a gardiviance," Elyot, 1559.
term applied to the colour of animals. S<ie
"Bagge
Huloet, or 1552.gardeviaunce to put meat,in,j?mz,"
Harrison, pp. 226, 239. "White thiAly Dot-
GARDWYNES. Rewards. (A.-N.} ted vrith red, the outside spots small," Batrhe-
Gifene us gersoms and golde, and gardwynes mauy, lor's Orthoepical Analysis, 1809, p. i;J3.
Grewhouudes and grett horse, and alkyne gammes. GARLETE, Garlic. Pcggc.
MorteArthuie, MS. Lincoln, f. 71.
GARLIC-EATER. A stinking fellow. Smth.
GARE. (1) To make, or cause. See Perceval, GARLONG. A garland. Christmas Carols, p. 9.
1411 \ Isumbras, 343. Garte, made. " Make GARN. (1) A garden ; a garner. JSovtft.
wgarreThanto do, (2) Yarn. North. See Kennett, p. 03.
he as the Scottish
prayed the porteremen say," Florio. GARNADE. A dish in ancient cookery, tl<s
That he wold be his messynger,
scribed in Ord. and Reg. p. 465.
And gave hym hafe an ansuere.
KS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 131. GARNARDE. A wine of Granada. See the
And yf the kyng me garre falle can, Squyrof Lowe Degre, 758.
What y am ther wottyth no man.
MS, Cantab. Ff.ii. 33, f. 246, GARNEMENT. A garment.
Tho he stode up verament,(^.-A".)
^2, Coarse wool. See Blount, in v. And dud upon hym hy« garnemfint.
MS. Cantab, Ff. JJ. 3H» f. 140.
^3) A signal flag? Arch. xiii. 101.
U) Ready. Richard Coer de Lion, 6409. GARNER. Properly, a granary ; but it also sig-
(5) A dart, or javelin. (A.-S.) nifies astore-room of any kind,
The batelle began to smyghte GARNETOUR. Provisions ; livery. (A.-N.)
With many a grymme gare, GARNETT. (1) A kind of firework, appearing
MS, Cantab, Ff. ii, 38, f. 93. like a flying broom. (Ital)
(6) Gear ; accoutrements. West. (2) Garnet appille, the pomegranate.
G ARE-BRAINED, Thoughtless ; giddy. South. LIche the frute that is of suche plcsa,nnc<»,
GARE -LOCKS A cock's gaffles. Chesh. The garnet appille of eolourc goWen ht wirt.
GARESOWNE. A boy, or youth. (A.-N.) Legate* MS. Soc. dntlq, 134, f, I3L
That made hym knyght of grete renowne (3) A kind of Itinge. 0>vf, Gloss. Arch.
Of a mysprowde gmesowne.
MS. Cantab. Ff. 11. 38, f. 202. GARNISH. (1) A service which generally con-
sisted of sets of twelve dishes, saucers, &c.
GARETT, A watch-tower ; a room near the top See Warner, p. 123. To garnish the tabtet to
of a building. set the dishes on it.
Then wa* that ]ady sett
Hye up in a garett. SIS. Cantab. Ff. ii.38, f, 76. (2) The fees paid by a prisoner on entering gaol,
They byganne at the gretteste 5ate a gnrette to rere,
See Songs of Loadou Prentices, p. 57 j and
Getten up fro the grounde on twelfe sykur postes, Grose, in v.
MS, Cott. Cutty. A. ii. f. 115. GARNISON. A guard, or garrison*
 GAS GAT
.393
GARN-WINDLE. A reel to wind yarn upon. much valued for fox or hare-hunting, on ac-
count of its excellent sight. See Topsell,
North.
nale MS. " ASee Pr. Parv. girgilluin" Nomi-
par garnwyn, 1607, p. 167.
GARRACK. Awkward. Cumb. GASHFUL. Ghastly ; frightful. East.
GARRANT. A gelding. See State Papers, iii. GAST. (1) To frighten; to terrify. "Igaste,
160; Egerton Papers, p. 153;^mw, Holin- I feare," Palsgrave. It is the part. pa. in the
shed, Chron. Ireland, pp. 118, 156. following passage.
His wille was but to make hem gcut,
GARRAY. Array ; troops. Towneley Myst. And aftir rewe on hem at the last.
CARRE. To make a garment, or do any other Cursor Mundi, MS* Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 31*
work ; to expel. North.
GARRET. The head. Var. dial. (2) Spirit ; hreath ; a ghost, or spirit.
GARRETTED. Having small splinters of stone GAST-BIRD. A single partridge in the shooting
season. Suffolk.
inserted in the joints of masonry or flint-work.
See Britton, p. 263. GAST-COW. A cow which does not produce a
calf in the season. Kast,
GARRICK. An awkward person. North.
GASTER. Same as Gast, q. v. Ray has it as
GARRING. Chirping; chattering. " Garring an Essex word, and Gilford, who was a native
and fliyng of briddus," Apol. Loll. p. 95. of that county, uses it in his Dialogue on
GARRON-NAILS. Large spike-nails. North. Witches, 1603.
GARRY S. Makes ; causes. See Gar.
I was as blythe as byrd on breyr ; GASTFUL. Frightful. Palsgrave.
That ganys me suffer thes scherp schorls. GASTNE. An apparition. Batman, 1582.
MS. Lincoln A. i 17, f. 51. GASTNESS. Ghastliness. (A.-S.) It occurs
GARS. Grass, Garsing, a pasture. North. in Chaucer and Shakespeare.
GARSH. A notch. Palsgrave. GASTOYNE. A solitude. (A~N.)
GARSING. A method of bleeding by pricking GAT. (1) A goat. Nominale MS.
the skin with a lancet. It differed slightly (2) A gap ; an opening. East.
GATCHEL. The mouth. Somerset.
from cupping, and was done on several parts
of the body. GATE. (1) A farm-yard. South.
Ther is oo maner of purgacioun of the body that (2) A way, path, street, or road. "Go thi
is y-maad in too maners, by medicyn outhcr by gate," go thy way. The track of an animal
bledynge; bledyng I say, either by veyne or by was called his gate. Blome, ii. 78.
garsytiif. MS. Bodt.423, f. 208. He lay at the rychc mannys jate,
GARSOM. An earnest penny. North. Ful of byles yn the gate.
MS. Harl. 1703, f. 44.
G ARSON. A youth ; a page. (A.-N.) Hefolowed thatne thorowe the wod,
Thcr sone was a prowde garson,
Men hym clepyd syr Befown. Alle the gatis that thay jode.
MS* Cantab. Ff. it 38, f. 115. MS. Lincoln. A. i. 17, f. 136.

GART. Made; caused. (A.-S.} (3) Manner ; fashion. Havelolc, 2419.

When he came into the halle, GATE-DOOR. The street or outer door. Gaytt
The fole he gart before hym calle. doore, Towneley Myst. p. 107.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 243. GATE-DOWN. A going-down. Palngrave.
With scharpe axis of stele, GATEL. Goods ; property ?
Mony knyghte gart he knele. Bevca of his palfrai alighte,
MS. Lincoln A. I. 17, f. 131. And tok the tresore anonrighte ;
GARTEN. A garter. North. Also, corn in With that and with mor gatel,
the sheaf. Durham. He made the castel of Arondel.
Seves <>/ Hamtounf p. 12D.
GARTH. (1) A yard ; a small field or inclosure
adjoining a house ; a churchyard ; a garden ; GATE-PENNY. A tribute paid by the custom-
an orchard ; a warren. North. " Garthe ary tenants for leave to pass^ through one or
cresse," garden cress. more of their lord's gates for the more easy
Tak a peny-weghte of garthe cressc sede, and gyff passage to and from their own lands. Ken-
hym at etc, and gare hym after a draghte of gude nett, MS. Lansd. 1033.
rede jvync. MS. Line. Med, f, 292. GATE-POST-BARGAIN. When the money is
(2J A hoop, or band. North. paid on the gate-post before the stock sold
(3) See Fish~garth9, and Blount. leave the field. North.
GARTHOR. A garter. Palsgrave. GATE-ROOM. A yard, or paddock.
GARTHYNERE. A gardener. Towneley. GATES. Other gate*, in another manner. Hatf
GARTLE HEADED. Thoughtless. East. gates three, nearly three
GARTLESS. Heedless ; thoughtless. East. GATE-SCHADYUUE* Tieo'clock.
division of a road
GASCOINES. See GaUy-gasMws. « Much in into two or more ways, Pir. Parv,
my gascoines," Lilly, ed. 1632, si$. Cc. v. See GATE-SHORD* A gate-way; a place or gap
the Widow of Watling Street, p. 29. for a gate. Somerset.
GASE. (1) A goose. Skelton, L 410; The GATE-WAm A porter, or gate-keeper. (^.-5.)
Goode Wif thaught hir DougnW, p. 8. GATHER, (1) To glean. Somerset
(2) Goes. MS. Cantab. It ii. a& (2) To gather up, to he in a passion and scold
GASB-HOUND. A kind af hound formerly any one. To gather one's self together, as A
 GAU GAW
394
roan does when he intends to exhibit his GAULIC-HAKD. The left-hand. North,
strength. GAULS* Spots where grass, corn, or trees,
"have failed. South.
(3) An animal's pluck. See Ord. and Ueg. p. GAXJLT. Blue clay. Var. dial
297 ; Cotgrave, in v. Hastittes.
GATHERER. A moneymaker at a theatre. GAUM. To comprehend, or understand ; to dis-
There is one Jhon Russell that by your apoynt- tinguish; to consider; to fear; to handle
ment was made a gatherer with us, but my fellowes improperly* North This last meaning is
finding [him] often falce to us, have many tymes found in Fletcher's Poems, p. 230, and is
warni him from taking the box, still in common use. In some places, not to
Alkyn fapert, Dulwich College MS, f. 45. gaum a man is not to mind him. Also, to
GATHEKERS. A horse's teeth by which he smear or maul.
draws bis food into his mouth, GAUMLESS. Vacant; half silly. North. Also,
GATHERING. Raking mown hay or corn into frozen, as the fingers are.
cocks or rows for carting it, GAUN, (1) A gallon measure. Var. dial
GATHERS. Out of the gathers, i. e. out of " Gawnes of ale/' Sharp's Cov. Myst. p. 50.
order, in distressed circumstances. given.Gaunt.North.Skellon, i. 64.
GATLESS. Heedless ; careless. East. (2) Going; (1)
GAUNCE,
GATTERAM. A green lane. Line. (2) To prance
GATTER-BUSH. The wild gelder-rose, or dog- GAUNSEL. Aa kind horse ofup sauce
and down.
made of flour aud
wood. Also called the gattridye. milk, and coloured with saffron ; formerly
GATTLEHEADED. Forgetful. Cumb. eaten with geese.
GAT-TOTHED. Chaucer, Cant. T. 470, 6185, GAUNT. (1) To yawn. Northttmh.
Urry reads gap-totkid, and some MSS. cat- (2) The old English name for Ghent.
GAUNTRY. A wooden frame for casks.
tothed. It means having teeth standing or
projecting out. " Dentes exerti, gag teeth, or GAUP. (1) Vulgar or noisy talk. Derby.
teeth standing out," Nomenclator, 1585, p. (2) To gape, or stare. Yar, dial.
29. Tyrwhitt profes&es himself unable (o ex- GAUPEN. Two handfulls. Hence, an immo-
plain this word, derate quantity. North.
GATJBERTS. Iron jacks for chimneys. Che&h. GAUPS. A simpleton. South.
GATJBY. A lout, or clown. Derb, GAURE. To stare ; to look -vacantly. Chaucer,
GATJCHAR, Vexation. "Haved at tbayre^aw- Also, to cry or shout.
char," "Wright's GAUSTER. To laugh loudly ; to be noit»y ; to
GAUCY. Fat and Pol. songs, North.
comely. p. 318.
swagger.
GAUVE. Craven*
To stare vacantly or rudely. North.
GAUD. (1) Habit ; practice ; fashion. Ywfak.
(2) A toy, or piece of finery. Shale. Hence Hence yawoy> a dunce.
gaudecl, adorned, Coriol ii. 1. GAUVISON. A young simpleton. North.
(3) A jest, or trick. Lydgate, p, 92. Also, to GAVEG. A gage, or pledge. Stale Papers, ii. l.'H.
sport or jest. GAVEL. (1) A sheaf of corn before it is tied
GAUDEES. The larger "beads in a roll for prayer. up, not visually applied to wheat. AVroA,
<( Gaudye of beedes, signeau de patenasfre" Cotgrave has, uJflj?e/er, to swuthti or gnvcll
Palsgrave. corne; to make it into sheaves or gaviil*."
Upon the gaudeen all without See also in v, JS/yaveK.
"Was wntte of golde pur reposttr.
Goww, ed. 1554, f. 190. (2) To stare vacantly. Citmb.
(3) The gable of a building.
GAUDERY. Finery; gaiety. It ig wrongly ex- GAVELKIND. An ancient tenure in Kent, by
plained inSkelton's Works, ii. 191. which the lands of a father were divided
GAUDY. Gaiety. Also gay. Hence gaudy- among all his sons, or the lands of a brother*
day,, a festival or feast day. dying without issue, among all th« hurvhiug
"We maye make OUT tryumphe, I. kej>e
or let us sette the cockeon tfrehope, and make good brothers ; a cu&tom by which the ft'miiU1 de-
scendants were utterly excluded, and h&>tanh
chere wjfhin dore*. PabgrowP* Acol&stus, 1540.
I have good cause to set the coctee on the hope,
inherited with legitimate children. See I^m-
and make gawfye chere, J6W. barcle's Perambulation, lfil»Cf p, 550.
GAVELOK. A j>poar, or javelin, Tim term U
GAUDY-aREEN. A light green colour. "Co- still used in the North fur an iron crow 01
lour hit gaude srene," Ord. and Reg. p. 452, lever. See Brockett, p, 130,
There is a very ancient receipt for making it * also thkku fin we
in MS. Harl. 2253,
So gualtes, Ichil avow*.
GATJF. To go off. Somerset. Arthu&r mid M*rHnt p.
GAUGELIKG. Tall and slender in proportion Thai hurts him foule And »{<>tifth hi* Uor*
to the bulk. Warw. l wyth darUs.
GAUJK. To stare vacantly. North.
GAUK-HANDED. Left-handed, Cravm. GAVER. Theseacray-fi»tL Cornut.
GAUKY* A simpleton ; a clown. Also, awkward, GAVER-HALB, The jack-«iapo. D&on*
Tor, ®t& GAW, A boat-pole, Also, ft atrip*.
A large wooden lever, tone* GAWCUM. A aimpletoii*
DrawUng, Somerset. GAWFIN.
 GAY 395 GEE
GAZE. A deer was said to stand at gaze, when
GAWISH. Gay, It occurs in Wright's Display it stared at anything.
ofDutie, 4to. Lond. 1589.
GAWK. (1) Clownish ; awkward. VOLT, dial GAZET. A Venetian coin, worth about three
(2) A cuckoo. Also, a fool. North, farthings. This was the original price of the
(3) To hawk and spit. Devon. small written courants, which formerly sup-
GAWK-A-MOUTH, A gaping fool. Devon. plied the place of newspapers. Hence the
GAWKSHAW. A left-handed man. Yorksh. modern term Gazette.
GAWL. Gold. Somerset. GAZLES. Black currants ; wild plums. Kent.
GAWLE. Same as Gale (2). GE. To go, as in the ge-Jw to horses.
W« may not lette the peple to gaivle and crye. GEALE. To freeze ; to congeal. Nares.
MS. Cantab Ff. i. 6, f. 169. GEALL. To grieve. Northumb.
GAWLEY. A simpleton. Warw. GEAN. The wild cherry. Var. dial.
GAWMIN, Vacant ; stupid. North. GE ANCE. A jaunt, or errand. Jonson.
GAWNE. Gave. Still in use in Essex. Howard GEAND. A giant. Degrevant, 1242. (^.-.ZV.)
Household Books, p. 446. GEANT. A jay. Skinner.
GAWNEY. A simpleton. Wilts. GEANY. Profitable. Tusser.
GAWN-PAIL. A pail with a handle on one GEAR. (1) Any kind of moveable property ; sub-
side. Glouc. Qu. from gaun ? ject, matter, or business in general. The latter
GAWT. The channel through which water runs sense is common in old plays. Still in use.
from a -water-wheel. Lane. f2) A worthless person. Yorksh.
GAY. (1) A print, or picture. **He loved prety (3) To dress. In his years, in good order. Out
gayes," Mayd Emlyn, p. 26. of gear, unwell, out of order.
As if a theefe should be proud of his halter, a GEARMENT. Rubbish. Yorfoh.
begger of his cloutes, a child of his gay, or a foole GEARS. Horse trappings. Var. dial.
of his bable. Denfa Pathway, p. 40 GEARUM. Out of order. Lane.
(3) Considerable ; tolerable. North. GEASON. Scarce. See Geson. " Scant and
(4) Quick; fast. Var. dial
(5) The noon or morning. North. geason," Harrison's England, p. 236.
GEAT. (1) Pace ; motion. Northumt.
(6) A gay person. Gawayne. (2) The hole through which melted metal runs
(7) A small nit in a path. Line. into a mould. MS. Lansd. 1033.
GAY-CARDS. Court cards. Suffolk.
GAY- FLO Oil. In the coal-pits at Wednesbury (3) Jet. See Harrison's England, p. 239.
in Staffordshire, the third parting or laming GEAY. (1) To go. MTeriton, p. 99.
(2) A jay. Howeirs Lex. (sect, xxxix.}
in the body of the coal is called the gay- GEB. To hold up the eyes and face ; to sneer.
floor, two foot thick. Kennctt, MS. Lansd. North.
GAYLES. Gaols. Hall, Henry vi. f. 91. GECK. Scorn ; derision ; contempt. North.
GAYNE. To gainsay. See Cymbeline, v. 4. Also, to toss the head
Sche wolde have had hym at homefayne,
But ther myght no speche gayna. scornfully. Hence, an object of scorn, a fool,
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 70. as in Twelfth Night, v. 1.
GAYNED. Availed. Ellis, ii. 247. GECKDOR. The herb goose-grass.
GAYNESSE. Gaiety. Lydgate. GED. (1) A pike. Northumb.
GAYNESTE. Readiest ; nearest. At the gay- (2) Dead ; deceased. Dorbysh.
neste, i. e. at random. Palsgrave. GEDDEDE. Dead. (A.-S.) " Love is ged-
GAYNORE. Queen Gueniver. dede," Wright's Anec. Lit. p. 96.
GAYNPAYNE. The ancient name of the sword GEDDIS. Goods ; property.
used at tournaments. Grete
Aflfter I tookc the gaynepayne* and the swerd Gate hegedAitt i-noweMS. Lincoln A, 1. 17. f. 132.
untalde.
with which I gurcle me, and sithe whang I was thus CEDE. Went. Nominale MS.
armed, I putte the targe to my syde. GE0ELYNGE. An idle vagabond.
Romance of the Afowfc, Sion College MS. This shame he hath me done in dede,
GAYN-STIE. The high- way. Langtoft,p, 319. The gedclyngs of uncouthe lede.
GAYNTYL. Gentle. Ritson. Cwrw Mundi,M$. Cull. Trin. Cantab, f. 20.
Peter ! sais syr Gawayne, this gladdez myne herto,
GAY-POLE. A piece of wood which goes That jonc gedlynges are gone, that made gret nowmbre.
across the interior of a chimney on which the Morte Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f. 83.
hangers for the kettles are hung. Salop.
GAYS. Goes. North. GEDER. To gather together; to meet. Gedwt,
The knyjt answeryd and seycte alia* ! gathered, Tur. Tott. xxiv,
Mornyng to hi» bedd he gov#, GED-WAND. A goad for oxen. North.
MS. Canttfr. Ff , iJ, 38, f. 63.
GEE. (1) To give, Var. etosl Also, to tbaw.
GAYSHEN. A simpleton. Cutnb. (2) An affront \ stubbornness. North.
OAYSPAND. Gasping? (3) To agree? to it ? to sraitwitn. Var. dial
Grisdy gaytpand with gruochand* lotes. See Songs of tfee London Prentices, p. 121.
Morte Arthur, m. lAnwin, {. 68. GEEAL. dear. Yorfah,
GAYSTYN. To lodge. Gawauw. GEE IX Gam Own, given. North.
GAYTE. A goat. See Perceval, 186, 254, 268, GEE RING. The ladders and side-rails of A
814,847* Ketiq. Antiq. i, 52. waggon* Midland C.
 GEM 396 GEO
He was worthy no lesse.
GEES. Jesses, q. v, Belia- Antiq. i. 27. For vexing with his pertnesse
GEESE. A horse's girth or wider-strap. Kence,
to girth or bind. Devon. A jfemman, goingDuctow Dvukble Mte» B. d.
to nu'*se.
GEET. (1) Jet. See Sir Degrevant, 1461- GEMMERY. A jewel-house. Blount.
0 foyr lady, hewyd as ys the geet. A vulgar exclamation of surprise*
MS. Fail fax 16. GEMMINY.
Var. dial
198.
GEFF. ChesK,Pol. Songs, p.
(2) Goats.Deaf.Wright's GEN. (1) Against. Pegije.
' GETOB. Given. Bobin Hood, i. 89. Alisaunder, 2540.
1 2) Began. Kyng; pretty.
A gift. Weber. GENDE. Neat Chaucer.
GEFTHE.
GEG. To walk carelessly. North. GE ND ER. To ring ; to resound ; to chatter with
GEGGIN. Asmalltub. North. the teeth. Craven.
GEHEZIE-CHEESE. A very poor cheese, GEN Than DUE. To engender.
wulle folke of thi peraone expr^se,
made of milk partially skimmed. East. Saythou artympotent to#e?«rf/e ui thi Uegr<?.
GE-HO. A phrase addressed to horses to make .MS. Cantab. Kf. I. 0, L 125.
them go. , It corresponds to the Italian Gio,
which occurs in a similar sense in the Dialogus GENE. (1) Genoa. Hearne's Langtoft.
Creaturarum, 1480. (2) Given. Hunttyng of the Hare, 260.
compel ; to invite. (.£-£)
(3) To force A; to knife.
GEITHER. An animal's pluck. Florio, p. 1 23. GENEFE. Rowlands.
GEITLESSE. Without booty. GENERAL. The people ; the public. SJtak. .
3i£ we gtitlesse goo home, the kyng wiHe be grevede, GENERALS. The archdeacon's vibitation. A
And say we are gadlynges, agastefor a lyttille. term used at Norwich.
Morte A) thui e, MS. Lincoln, f, 82
GENEREN. Engender ; create.
GELD. (1) To geld ant-hills is to cut off the Good wylle and enemies#e/<e/en go«xl dy»-cr*'cio».
tops, and throw the inside over the land.
JHerefardsh. GENEROUS, Of nobleMS,birth.
Cantab.Shak.
Pf. ii- a«, i. i'.'t.
(2) To castrate ; but formerly u&ed for the opera- GENEST. The broom plant. (Lai.}
tion by which females are rendered barren. GENET. The wildcat. Arch.xxix. 44.
In the North of England, a cow or ewe not GENGE. A company of people; a retinue; n
with young is called a geld cow or a geld ewe ; family j a nation. It occurs hi MS. Cou.
and the term is used in a similar sense in the Vespas. D. vii. Ps. 2 ; Arthour and Merlin, pj>,
Towneley Myst. p. 75, applied to a woman ; 142, 305.
Heliq.. Antiq. ii. 210,
(3) A tax, or imposition. North. Noghtanely folke and genge rase ogajnL»(<iist<i»
kynges. AT4T.
bot alswa the The <W^. Ktw. 1«>, ^'.3.
(4) To cleanse wheat. Florio, p. 88. GENLESE. cusps or featherings hi the
GELDING. An eunuch. WicMife. Used for arch of a doorway. W Wyre.
gadling in Chester Plays, i. 179. GENNER, January. JJrefor>Xarcs,
GELE. Jelly. Forme of Cury, p. 50. Qelide, GENOMrAIE. A Genoese.
made into a jelly, Ord. and Reg. p. 471 ; GENT. Neat ; pretty ; gallant ; courteous ; m>«
ble. (A.N.)
Warner, p. 89. Geliffes, Harrison's Description
of England, p. 167. GENTERIE. Courtesy ; honour. (,/.-.V.) (*Vv*.
GELL. (1) To crack, or split. Norfh. triose, Degrevunt, 4Hl;//^mdv K. Ctlouc, ji.
(2) A large number or quantity. Warw. 66. Gentry, Ilamlet? ii. U.
GELMYD. Glittered. Reliq. Antiq. i. 77. GENTILE. Gentle ; genteel j well-boru ; gen-
GELOUS. Jealous. Lydgate* tleman-Hke. Gwtttlhfte, beautifully, finely,
GELOWE-FLOURE. A gillyflower. Palsgrave, genteelly. (^.-^V.)
. GELP. Thin insipid liquor. Yorksh. GENTILITY. Gentilisai. Hooper.
GELPE, To boast. Nominale, MS. GEN TIN. Projecting ; in the way. Jtwtkutnb.
GELT. (1) Money. Skelton, ii. 176. GENTLE, A gentleman. Shttk. Conunoti in
(2) Barren, or impotent. Yorlcsh. old ballads. See Eglamour, 112,1000.
GELTHES. Guilts. Reliq, Antiq. i. 227. GENTLEMAN-USHER. Originally astute offi-
GELTIF. Guilty. Sevyn Sages, 856. cer, attendant upon queens arid other persons
GELUCE. Jealous. Pr. Parv. of high rank. Afterwards, a sort of upper-
GEMEAN. Common j vulgar. Yorfah. servant, whose duty it was to hand his mistress
GEME-FEDERS. The feathers which cover a to the coach, and walk before hftr bareheaded,
hawk's tail. S&mner. though in later times she leaned upon his arm.
GEAIEL. A twin, or pair of anything. Hence . See Nares, in v.
gemels, a pair of hinges. This word occurs in GENTLERY-MEN. The gentry. (^.-M)
nany forms. In some early writers, quoted by GENTLES. Maggots or grubs. Var+dtel
Jteevens. it seems to have the meaning of GENTLY. Gently with a ruah, I e. be not too
'immalf or double ring. impetuous. North.
GENTRY-CUPPIN.
Joynter and gemowx he jogges in sondyre, A gentleman. Debtor.
GENZIE. An engine of war. See Local Hi*t
Morte Arc/iure, MS. Lincoln, f. 84.
GEMETRY. Geometry. Const. Mast. p. 12 ; Tab. Book, Trad.i. 247.
gentytrJ, Lydgate's Minor Poems, p. 1 1 . GEOMESIE. Mensuration, "Oometrie and
GEMMAN. A gentleman, Far. dial. geomesie," P. Ploughman, p. 1^6.
 397
GER GES
GEOMETER. Agauger. Taylor. Scho said untillc h>m, Sone, quod acho. what c*
GEORDIE. George, North. that ? Ms thi foh hafe made it, quod he, so it cs I
Andtharme he^r^ beiyehym wirchipfully.
GEORGE-NOBLE. A gold coin, temp. Hen. JITS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 1.
VIIL worth, about 6*. 8^. See Jacob, in v.
GEOSE. A hut for geese. North. (2) Pushed ; pierced. Weber.
GEOTER. A caster of metals. (A.-N.} (3) Great.
GERTTE. Devon.
Girt ; girded, Ritson.
GEP. A scuttle. Craven.
GERUND-GRINDER. A schoolmaster.
GEPON. A pourpoint or doublet. SeeClariodes
in Sir Tristrem, p. 375. GERY. Changeable. See Lydgate's Minor
GER. See Gar, Gare, and Gear. Poems, p. 24. It seems to mean giddy in
GERAFLOUR. The gffliflower. Baret. Skelton, i. 157. See Gerzsh.
GERBE. A handful of hay. Somerset. GESARNE. The garbage. Gyserne, Palsgrave.
Tak the gesarne of a hare, and stampc it, and
GERDOLES. Girdles. Weber. temper it with water, and gyf it to the seke mane
GERE. Same as Gear, q. v. or womane at drynke. MS Line. Med. f, 305.
GEREVE. A guardian, or governor. GESERNE. A battle-axe. (^.-Ar.)
GERFAWCON. A kind of large falcon. A ger- They smote of wyth thor gefternes,
faul; Gy of Warwike, p. 26 ; ffersfau&un, MS. Fete and honde, schouldur and armes.
Addit. 11579, f. 98. MS. Confab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 168".
A gerfaivcon whyte as mylke, GESINE. Childbed; confinement Ingesene,
In all thys worlde ys non swylk.
MS. Cantab. Ff. Ii. 38, f. 150. Hardyng's Chron. f. 133.
Bothe on a nijt l^ter were thai,
GERGEIS. Greeks. Will. \Verw. p. 80. And bothe at ones in ge#yn lay.
GERINESSE. Cliangeableness. Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. 7>in. Cantab, f. 54.
I wasadrad so ofhiregerinessa, GESLINS. Goslings. Also, the early blos-
That ray lyff was but a dedly gladnesse. som of the willow, which some have believed
Occleve, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 250.
fell into the water and became goslings.
GERISH. Wild; unconstrained. Gerysske, North.
Lydgate's Minor Poems, p. 245. GESON. Rare; scarce. See Black's Pen.
GERKIN. A gerfawcon, q. v. MarKJiam. Psalms, p. 31, where the Cambridge MS. reads,
GERL. A young person of either sex. (A.-S.} *' false othes ben holden in sesone."
" Knave gerlys," Cov. Myst. p. 181. In werke they wercn never so nyee,
GER-LAUGHTERS. Persons who laugh extra- Ne of moo good livercs geson.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 23.
vagantly and noisily. See Melton's Sixe-fold Let not thy tonge spckc thy wylle,
Politician, 1609, sig. M.ii.
GERMAINE. A seed, or bud. Shak. Lawghyng and s.peche in thy mouthe be geson.
MS. Ibid. f. 24.
GERMAN. A brother. Spenser. Reoeyve her than and make no mor ado,
GERN. (1) To grin; to snarl. North. It also Thou might seke farre and the world is geton.
means, to yawn. MS. Laud. 416, f. 52.
And gryrnly gyrnne on hym and blere, GESS. Sort ; kind. Somerset.
And hydowse braydes make hym to fere.
Hampole, MS. 3<twes, p. 72, GESSARE. One who guesses. Pr. Part.
(2) To open ; to come unsewn. Yorfak. GESSE. (1) To guess. Chaucer.
GERNADE. Granada, Chaucer. (2) Guests. Park.
GERNE. Promptly; earnestly. (3) To aim at a mark. See Palsgrave.
Than thou gysed the gerne, ami gafe the to goo. GESSERAWNTJE. A sort of jacket without
MS. Lincoln A. I. 17, f. 232. sleeves, composed of small oblong plates of
GERNETER. The pomegranate. See a list of iron or steel overlapping each other, and some-
plants in MS. Sloane 5, f. 3. times covered with velvet. (A+-N.)
GERNIER. A granary. Palsgrave. And a fyne gesserawnte of gentille mayles.
GERMING. Yearning; desire. It occurs in Mortt Arthurs > US. Lincoln, f. 84.
MS. Cott. Vespas. D. vii. Ps. 20. GESSES. Same as Jesses, q. v.
GERRE. Quarrelling. Nares. GESSID. Valued. Baler.
GERRED. Bedawbed. Exmoor. GEST. (1) A deed, history, or tale. (A.-N.)
GERRICK. The sea-pike. Cornw. Romances were termed gestes.
Thys same tale tellyth seynt Bede,
GERSE. (1) Grass. North.
Yn hys geatyt that men 3f& rede.Htxrl. 1701, f. 17.
(2) Causes ; makes. (A.-S.)
Wale thou nojte wele that a wolfe chasez a grete
floke of ftchepe, and gerse thame sparple. (2) A guest. Octovian, 75. " Gkde tlie with
Righte BO
and the wywiotne of the Grekea passes oth«r nacyons.
thi geste," MS, Lincoln, f. 133.
(3) A lodging or stage for rest in a progress or
Af S. Lincoln A. i.I7»f- 14.
GERSING. Pasturage. North. journey. Kersey*
GERSQM. Treasure; reward. " Gertom and (4) Gesture of the body* Denser.
gold,"ThouReliq.Antiq.ii. 217. GESTENED. IxnUged See Gesta Homanorum,
salle have gtn&nttvXto grett,
That gayne salle the evere. «ay hebi
with that
him sijt,
that nyjt.
Morte Arthurs, MS, Line, In, f.65.
ColL Trin. Cantab, f. 17.
GERT. (1) Caused ; made. U.-S.)
 GEW, 398 GIB
Ala?, alas, and alas why
GESTENING. Lodging; feasting; entertain- Hath fortune done so crewely ?
ment for guests. The old priory great hall, Fro me to take awey the soyte
part of the deanery house in Worcester, is Of that that geivit MS.
my hert lyte.Ff. i. 6, f. Uft
Cantab.
called the Gesten-hall, MS. Lansd. 1033. See
Torrent of Portugal, p. 58 ; Gesta Rom. p. 19 ; GEY. Joy. Frere and the Boy, x.
Gy of Warwike, p. 243 ; Arch. xxix. 342. GEYLERE. A gaoler.
He gave hym the keyes there,
Gestonye, Torrent of Portugal, p. 100; gist- And rtiade hym hy» geylere.
ninge, Reliq. Antiq. ii. 277. SIS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 1H4
The emperour was glad of that tydyng,
And made Befyse gode geatenynge GEYN. Denial ; refusal.
MS. Cantab. Ff. n 38, f. 115. Their is no geyii ne excusacion,
GfiSTLE. To prance a horse backwards and Til the trouthe be rypecl to the roote.
MS. dthmol« 5f», f. If>4
forwards 5 to stumble.
GE STUNG. The meeting of the members of GEYNEBYYNE. To ransom. Pr.
the Cinque Ports at Rornney, co. Kent. GEYNECOWPYNE. To hinder ; to withstand
GESTOUR. A tale-teller ; a relater of gests or
romances. Chaucer. Pr. Parv.A p.
GEYRE. kind189.of eagle,
See also Ga'mcope.in Florio,
mentioned
GESYLY. Fashionably. (A.-N.} ed.!611,p. 609.
Suche was his appetyde and hertis desire
To bearaide geayly of a straunge at tyre. GEYST. A guest. " Take, ray (feysf, se'ul
MS. Laud. 416, f. 73.
Adam than," MS. Cantab. Ff. v.48, f. 50.
GEYT. Goats. State Papers, iii. 3.
GET. (1) To get dead, to die. To get life in one, GEYZENED. Parched with 'thirst North.
to revive him. North. GHEET. (1) Jet. Walter Mapes, p. 351.
Fashion j custom ; behaviour ; contrivance,
(2)Chaucer. (2) Goats. Reynard the Foxe, p. 44.
GHELLS. The game of trip. Grose.
(3) To be scolded, or beaten, rar. dial GHENGE. The depth of a furrow. /. Wight.
(4) Stock ; breed ; income. North. GHERN, A garden. Ber&s,
(5) That which is begotten; procreation. See GHESSE. To guess. Spenser.
Towneley Myst Gloss, in v. GHETKIN. A cucumber. Coles.
(6) A goat. Reliq. Antiq. ii. 275. GHEUS. Beggars, a term of reproach for tlio
(7) To swagger ; to brag. Palsgrave. Flemish Protestants. Phillips.
(8) Booty ; gain. Gawayne. GHIZZERN. The gizzard. Line, We have
GET-AGATE, To make a beginning of a work gyssarne in an early MS. collection of medical
or thing. North. receipts at Lincoln, apparently in the bume
sense.
GETARNYS. Guitars. SirCleges, 101. " Ru-
fcibis and geterns," MS. Fairfax 16. GHOST. A dead body. Also, to haunt as a
GETE. A jet. See Sir Degrevant, 1461.
ghost. Skak.
Johne, as the gete or germandir gente, GHOWER. To jar, or brawl. Rvmoor.
As jasper the jewelle of gentille perry. GHYBE. To gibe, or scold. North.
MS. Lmwfn A. 1. 17, f.231. GIAMBEUX. Boots. Spenser.
GETEE. A part of a building which projects
beyond the rest ,• a jettie. Pr. Parv. GIB. (1) A young gosling-. Line.
(2) A horse that shrinks from the collar, and will
GETHE. Goeth. Chaucer.
not draw. North. tl Gybbe horse, marutwux"
GETON. Gotten. Also, begotten. Sir Egla- Pr. Parv. p. 192.
monr,170,13,292. Getten, got. Line. See
Hawkins, i. 237, gitton, got, found. |3) A hooked stick. North.
GETOUN. A banner, ])roperly two yards m '4) A piece of wood used in supporting the roof
of a coal-mine.
length. Arch. xxii. 397. (5) A contraction of Gilbert, and formerly a
GET-PENNY. An old term for a play that common name for a cat. 3ee0t£-or/. It is also
turned out profitable. Jonson, used as a term of reproach to a woman,
GETTAR. A bragger. Palsgrave.
GBTTFRON. Same as Getoun, q. v. " Playeth the gib," Schole House of Women,
Thau banners waadferilayed fayre in the wyrrde, p. 73, i. e. the wanton.
That a mail his rnaiater myght th« better fynde, (6) A bump, or swelling. (A,»N.)
With getteiofia atwl pencellee of sundry hew. GIB-A-LAMB. A young lambkin just dropped
MS. Lansd. 208, f. 20. from its dam. Devon.
GIBBBll, To chatter. Hamtet, i. 1. Hence
GETTING-AWAY. Near ; approaching to. A
Suffolk phrase. gibber-gabber, idle talking, Tuj&cr, p. 2-f6.
GETTOUR. A bragger, or boaster. Gilrish, Jlorio, pp. 60, 76.
Thys gentylrnen, thys ffettour*, GIBBET. (1) A violent faJL Suffolk. To gibbet
They bea but Goddys turrnentours. a toad, to place it on a lath or piece of wooden
f.O.
hoop, and by striking oae end precipitate it
GETTS. Earnings, rar. dial. sufficiently to cause death-
GEW-GAW. A Jew's harp. North. (2) Same as tt$etle, q. v*
GEW-GOG. A gooseberry. Suffolk. (3) To hang, usually da a gaUOws, but also on or
GsB'WTT. Giveth. Nominal** MS. upon anything.
 399 GIL
GIF
GIBBLE-GABBLE. Idle, nonsensical talk (2) A bribe. MS. Cott. Vespas. D. vii,
Suffolk. " Any rude gibble-gabhle," Cotgrave GIFTS. White specks on the finger-nails, por-
in v. Barragoiiin. tending gifts, far. dial
GIBBOL. The sprout of an onion of the second GIFTY-DAY. A boon-day ; a day's wort given
year. West. From cliilol by neigbbour to neighbour. Leic.
GIBBON. A hooked stick. North. GIG. (1) A machine used in raising cloth, to
GIB BY-HEELS. Kihed heels. Somerset. prepare it for dressing. North.
GIBBY-LAMB. A c. stratcd lamb. West. (2) A long, slender, light pleasure-boat used on
GIBBY-LEGS. Legs that are thinner on the tbe river Tyne.
calf side than the other. Devon. (3) A silly flighty person. East. " Fare noght
GIBBY-STICK. Same as Gillon, q. v. as zgygge," The Goode Wif.
GIB-CAT. A male-cat, now generally applied to (4) An old machine for winnowing corn. Bat-
one that has been castrated. " As melancholy chelor's Orth. Anal. p. 133.
as a gibb'd catt," HowclFs English Proverbs, (5) To hasten along. Devon.
p. 10. Tet.
" A1C gibb, (C) A top. See Florio, pp. 124, 324, 351, 370 ;
Lex. 60. or old male cat," Ho\v ell's Nomcnclator, p. 297. The term was also ap-
GIBE. To mock, or jest. "A merry jester or plied to a small toy made with geese-feathers,
giber," Florio, ed. 1611, p. 72. used by fowlers for decoying birds.
GIB-FISH. The milter of the salmon. North. (7) A cock. Nominale MS. This may possibly
GIBIER. Game. Rutland Papers, p. 27. be the meaning of the word in Chester Plays,
GIBLETS. Ibgs ; tatters. Kent. i. 123, although the alliteration seems to re-
GIBRALTAR-ROCK. Veined sweetmeat, sold quire pyggesfoote.
in lumps resembling a rock. (8) A fiddle. Juniw.
(9)
GIBRIDGE. Gibberish. Cotgrave. To talk, or chatter. Coles.
GIB-STAFF, A quarter-staff. North. (10) A hole made in the earth to dry flax in.
GID. (1) A guide, or leader. lane.
I will hold me byhind and thi men led, IIGGA-JOGGIE. To shake, or rattle. See
Rid with the rerward and bcther#K Florio, pp. 75, 144, 198,439.
Roland, MS. LuH*d. 38H, f. 380. EGGING. Sounding, Skinner.
(2) Gave. Somerset. IGGISH. Trifling; silly; flighty; wanton.
GIDDED. Hunted. Mirr. Mag. p. 418, ap. Giygmc, Skelton, i. 410. East.
Kares. It seems to mean guided, directed, in GIGGLE. A flighty person. Salop. Cotgrave
Phimpton Corr. p. 129. has this word, in v. Gaflrouittette.
GIDDY. (1) Furious ; very angry. North. To GIGLET. A giddy romping girl. West. This
go giddy, to $o in a passion. term, in curly writers, generally implies wan-
(2) A term applied to sheep that have hydatides tonness orfickleness. It occurs under various
on the brain. Line. forms, as yybelot in Pr. Parv. pp. 193, 194,
GIDDYGANDER. The orchis. Dorset.
which the editor "wrongly considers an error.
GIDERNE. A standard, or banner. (A.-N.) See, however, the examples here given. Gyblot
GIDINGS. Manners. Pakgrautt. is also found in the Bowes MS, of Robert de
GIE. (1) To give. North and West.
Brunne, p. 56. See Wright's Pol Songs, p.
(2) To guide, direct, or rale. (A.-S.) 154 ; Ben Jonson, iii. 124 ; Middleton, n. 115 ;
Ne venjaunco thcr no place ocupyeth, Reliq. Antiq. iL 40 ; Euplmes Golden Legacie,
Where iimocence a soule ungilty gynth.
Legate, MS. Soc. Antlq. 134, f.7» p. 88; Stanihurst, p. 26; Lilly, ed. 1632, sig.
Scheldeus fro schamtsdedeand synfullo wcikcs, Dd. vi. Gigget, Cotgrave, in v. Beau. Th*
And gyffo us grace to gye and governs us here. proverb quoted from MS. Douce 52 occurs in
Mt>rte Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f. 53. the Schole House of Women, p. 75,
GIER-EAGLE. A kind of eagle mentioned in Ne jit to no cokefyghtyng, achetyng,
Levit xi. 18 ; Deut. xiv. 17. As it wer a strumpet other a gygbote.
MS,AshmQle$l,f. 7.
GIB&T, A joist. Hollyband, 1593.
GIF. If. North. A messc y* y-noghe for the,
I wil go aboote thi nede, The touthor svblot late hyt be.
MS, Hurt. 1701, f.20.
For to la&egt/ I may *peo>.
JfcW. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 62. The smaller pc*un, the more to pott,
Dame, to aayde, &fce chat be, The fayrcr woman the more gyittet.
SitS. Douc« 52.
That <Uye ichalte thou never we,
Gttffl w*y rede ryghte. GIG-MILLS. Mills used for t^e perching aud
MS, JJmeoln A. i. 17. f. 11^. burling of clotto. Blomt.
GIFEEOUS. Covetoos; scraping. Cumb. GIGSY. A wanton wencH ; ft whotfe.
GIFF-GAFF. ConTcrsaticwa. A&o, mutual ac- GIKB. To creak. North.
commodation. North, ILCUK ThtWtef<to$ Dorset
GIFFIN, A trifle- Somerset. GILBBD. *p«y. An old cant tenp.
GIFFLE. To be restless. ^#x>/». GILDENB. 00t Manndevile,p. 81.
GIFT. (1) To give a gift, i. & to make a mo- GILDER. A snare. " Tke gilder of dispara-
lutioia, This pliras* occurs in MS* Liacoln A. 1 17, f. 21. It also
168 1 MS. Cautab. Ff. I 6rf. $. iia MS. Oott Vespas. P. vii. Ps. 10.
 GIL 400 GIN

Still used in the Norlh for a snare for catch- (3) To commit a fault. Palsgrave.
GILTELESS. Guiltless. Chaucer.
ing birds.
Norm. GILTIFE. Guilty. " Yf otherwise I be giUifs9
GTL&S. Tillage greens or commons. Gower, erl. 1554, s%. L. ii.
GILE. See Chester Plays, i. 51. Perhaps syno- Now c.xefh further of my l^f,
nymous with gaye, the reading of MS. Bodl. For hereof am I not gtltyf.
175. Gaote, MS. Harl. Cower, 3/5. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 54.
GILEYSPEKE. A trap, or device, ffearne. GILT-POLL. The fish gilt-head. West.
GILIR. A deceiver. See Urry, p. 550, where GILVER. To ache; to throb. East. -
the Camb. MS. reads gitour, q. v. GIM. Neat ; spruce ; smart. Var. diaL
GILL, fl) A rivulet; a ravine, narrow valley, GIMAL. A vault, or vaulting1.
or dell; a ditch, far. dial According to GIMBER. To gossip ; to gad about. North.
Kennett, « a breach or hollow descent in a hill. Generally used in a bad sense.
(2} A pair of timber-wheels. Norf. GIMBLE. To grin, or smile. East.
(3) A wanton wench. Kennett. It was for- GIMBO. A bastard's bastard. Chesh.
merly ageneric name for a woman. G1MBOL. A device ; a gimcrack. See Stani-
(4) The jaw -hone. Somerset. hurst, p. 16 ; Iloiinshedj Chron. Ireland, p. 93.
(5) A coarse apron. Prompt. Parv. GIMELL. A double tree. North.
(6) A little pot. Prompt. Pare. GIMLET-EYE. A squint-eye. Var. dial.
GILLABER. To chatter nonsense. North. GIMLICK. A gimlet. North.
GILL-ALE. The herb ale-hoof. Devon* GIMLIN. (1) A large, shallow tub, in which
GILL-BURNT-TAIL. An ancient jocular name bacon is salted, horth.
for the ignis fatuws. (2) A smiling or grinning face. East.
GILL-CREEP-B Y-THE-GROUND. Ground ivy. G1MMACE. A hinge. Somerset. When a cri-
Somerset. minal was hung in chains, he was said to be
GILLER. Several horse hairs twisted together hung in gimmaces. The term gimmes seems
to form a fishing-line. CkesJi.
GILLERY, Deceit ; trickery. North. to mean hinges or hooks in Davies's Ancient
Rites, ed. 1672, pp. 51, 56.
Also here es forbodene gillery of weghte, or of
tale, or of mett, or of mesure, or ttioiow okyre or G IMM AL. A sort of double ring curiously con-
violence, or drede. MS. LwieoZn A. i. 17, f- 1 structed. Itis spelt ffimmew in Ilollyband's
And jyf he lerne gylerye,
Dictionarie, 1593. A couple of anything was
Fals wuiUe and feynt treulyng with ye, called a gimmal. " The gitnmews or joynts
MS. Hart. 1701, f. 33. of a spurr," Howell, 1660.
GILLET. An instrument used in thatching, GIMMER. (1) A female sheep from the first to
SeeTusser, p. 147. the second shearing; one that has not been
shorn. North. Also, a two years old sheep.
GILLETING. Wedging the interstices of ash-
lar work with small flint. " Bidua, a gymbyre," NominaleMS. Kennettt
GILL-FLIRT. A nighty girl. Kent. MS. Lansd. 1033, has ffimmer^hog^ an ewe
GILL-HOOTER. An owl. Chesh. - of one year ; gimmer-trec, a tree that grows
GILLIVER. A wanton wench. North. double from the root.
GILLOFERS. Carnations, pinks, and sweet- (2) A gimcrack. See Nares, in v.
williams. Whence the modern term GilH- '3) A hinge. North and East.
S4) An old drab. Newcastle.
flower.
GILLORE. Plenty. Robin Hood, ii, 144. -IMP. Neat ; handsome. North.
GILLOT. Same as Giglet, q. v. GIMPLE. A wimple. Strutt, ii. 44.
GILLYVINE-PEN, A black-leaded pencil. GIMSON, A gimcracV. Gimsoner, one who
GILOFRE. Cloves. Rom. Rose, 1368. makes clever gimcracks, East.
GILOUR. A deceiver. (^.-A) GIN. (1) Gave; to give. Var. dial
For where groundist thou inGoddis lawe to close (2) Engine; contrivance, (A-N.) Still used
men in stones, bot if it were wode men, or gilawes for a trap or snare, in which sense it is com-
of the pu pie. MS. Dtgby 4 1 , f. 6. mon in old writers.
GILRY. Deceit. Ywaine and Gawain, 1604. Hhe may wist fay a gyna
Mony a shrew ther is That the fcnyght was comt'nc inc.
On nyjt and als on day, MS. Untvln A. I. 17, f. 135,
And proves oft with thaire gilry (3) To begin. See Macbeth, i, 2.
How thai myjt men betray.
MS. Cantab, Ff. v. 48, f, 81. (4) A wooden perpendicular axle, which has
Hyt ys a tokene of felunnye arms projecting from its upper part, to which
To weyte hym with swych ffylrye.
ahorse is fastened. Salop. Antiq. p. 442.
MS. Harl. 1701, f. 44. (5) If. North. See Brockctt, p. m.
GILSE. A kind of salmon. North. GINDE. To reduce to pieces* This occurs In
GILT. (1) A spayed sow. Var. dial. Some- MS. Egcrton 614, Ps. 28.
times, ayoung pig or sow. GING. (1) Kxcrementum. North.
Tak unto the mane the gdlle of the galte, and to (2) Company ; people. (//.-£) Se« KyiagAJdU
the womane the galle of the gilt. saunder, 922, 1509 j Richard CocrdcUott,
MS. Unc. Med. f. 312 4978. This form is used by Draytoo, Gflsette,
(2) Gold, or money Middleron, iL 197- , and other contemporary authori, but errone-
 GIR 401 GIS
ously supposed by Nares to be " a mere cor- proach. Also, a sarcasm, as in
ruption of gang''1 See Downfall of R. of Sig. Cc. vi.
Huntingdon, p. 44 ; Songs and Carols, x. Sir Geryne and sir Grisswolde, and othirgret lord
BINGAWTRE. A dish in ancient cookery, made Garte Galuth, a gud gome, gird* of thaire hedy«.
Marts A* thure, MS. Lincoln, f. 92,
chiefly of cod and haddock. It is spelt gyn-
gawdry in MS. Sloane 1201, f. 48. See also Be-lyfe thane gerte Alexander send after Peimeny
for to come untille hym, and gerte the sotbe be
Forme of Cury, p. 47 ; Warner, p. 70. serched, and fande that he was worthy the dede;
GINGED. Bewitched. Escmoor. and thane he gert girde of his heved.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 15.
GINGEFERE. Ginger. "Gingiver and galin-
gale," Rembnin Gy Sone, p. 421. (2) A hoop. North.
GINGER. (1) A pale red colour. Florio men- (3) A girdle. Kyng Alisaunder, 2272.
tions a colour called gingirline, p. 209. (4) A fit ; a spasm. Craven.
(2) Brittle ; tender ; delicate. South. (5) To spring, or bound. See Nares, in v. The
GINGERBREAD-DOTS. Gingerbread nuts of word occurs in the same sense in Gosson's
a dumpy form, not flat. East, Schoole of Abuse, 1579.
GINGER-GRATE. Grated ginger, Palsgrave. (6) To crack ; crepito. Line.
GINGER-HACKLED. Red-haired. Var.dial G 1RDBREW. A very coarse kin d of flummery,
Grose and Carr have ginger-pated, eaten almost exclusively by farm-labourers,
G IN G E RLY. Carefully ; with caution ; quietly ; mentioned by Markhain.
adroitly. Var. dial. So in Cotgrave, " Alter GIRDER. (1) A jester, or satirist. Nares.
a patt »if>nut to goe nicely, tread gingerly, (2) A blow. Salop. From Gird, q. v.
utincc it like a maid." GIRDING. A beam ? a girder. North.
CJ1NGIBER. Ginger, Chaucer. GIRDLJ2. (1) A great deal. Somerset.
fUNGLE-GANGLE. A spangle; any kind of (2) A round iron plate for baking. North.
bhowy ornament of dress. Hence ffirdle-cakes.
G IX ORE AT. To chirp. Skinner. (3) To growl at. Somerset.
GINJSE. To begin. Chaucer. GIRDLER. A maker of girdles. Heywood's
GINNEL. A narrow entrance. North. Royall King, 1637, sig. F. i.
GINNERS. The gills of a fish. North. GIRDLE-STEDE. The waist ; the place of the
GINNET. A genet. Florio, p. 19. girdle. " Gyrdcll stede, fautx du corptsj*
G INN ICK. Neat ; complete ; perfect. Essex.
GINNY-CARRIAGE. A small strong carriage Palsgrave.
Arundel 249, " f.Girdylle
88. stc'de, cinctux" MS.
for conveying materials on a rail-road. Gmwy- GIRDLE-WHEEL. A spinning-wheel small
raikj the rails on which it is drawn. enough to be used hanging at the waist.
GINOUR. An engineer; a craftsman, Flor. and GIRDSTINGS. Poles or laths used for making
Blanch. 335 ; R. Coer de Lion, 2914. hoops. Book of Rates, 1011.
GIN-RING. The circle round which a gin- GIRE. To revolve. Florio, p. 211. Also a
horse moves. See Gin (4). circle. It is a very common archaism. "Wind-
GINT. A joint. Exmoor.
GIN-TUBS. Vessels for receiving the produce GIRK. ing gyres,"
A rod.Fletcher's
Also, toPoems, p. 249.
chastise, or beat
of mines. North. GIRL. (1) An unmarried woman of any age*
GIOURE. A guide ; a ruler. (A.-S.) Herefordsh.
GIF. To retch. YorAsh. (2) A roebuck in its second year. Return from
GIPCIERE. A pouch, or purse; (d.~N.} Parnassus, p. 238.
GIPE, (1) A glutton ; to gulp* North. GIRN. (1) To grin ; to laugh. North.
(2) An upper Afrock
GIP-GILL. name; a for
cassock. Sometimes, (2)
a horse.(A.-N.') To yearn for. Kennett's MS. Gloss.
GIR-NE.GREAT. A great grinner. Jorksh.
{
a term of contempt. GIRNIGAW. The cavity of the mouth. North.
GIPON, A doublet. Chaucer. It is spelt gypell GIRRED. Draggle-tailed. Exmoor.
in Lybeaus Disconus, 224, 1176. GIRSE. Grass. Still in use.
GIPS, A kind of mortar. Minsheu. Dot alle that dranke theroffe it keste thame in-
GIPSEN. - A gipsy. Spenser. tlllea flux, and slewe agretehope of thame, for that
GIPSEY. A woodea peg, Northumb. water was wonder scharpe, and als bittlre all any
G1PSEYS. Suddea eruptions of water that mekille gyi'te. MS. Lincoln A. I. 17, f.S7»
break out in the downs in the East Riding of GIRSLY. Full of gristles. Craven.
Yorkshire after great rains, and jet up to a GIRT. (1) Pierced through. JVom Gird, q. v,
great height. They are mentioned by William (2) Very intimate. Craven.
of Newbery under the name of vipse. See GIRTH-WEBBIN. The stuff of wMch saddle-
W. Ncubrig. de rebus ABglicis, ed. 1010, p. 97. girths are made. North.
GIPSY-ONIONS. Wildgarlick South. GIRTS. OatmeaL Var.dial
GIPSY-ROSE. The corn-rose. r<er. dial. GIRTY-MILK. Milk porridge. East.
GIPTIAN. A gipsy. Whetstone. GIS. An oath$ A supposed corruption of th*
GIRD. (1) To strike; to pkrce tbroragh with a name of our Saviour.
weapon; to posh. See Sevyn Sages, 1299. GISARME. A billf or battle-ax. See Geserne*
Heace, metaphorically, to lash with wit, to re- It had a spike rising at the back of it. Some*

26
 GIV 41
GIVEN. Disj osed ; inclined. Var.diaL
times called gisaring. See Morie d' Arthur, GIWES, The Jews. Hob. Glouc. p. 72. £W,
i. 221 ; Ellis, ii. 76 ; Gy of Warwike, p. 123 ;
Arthour and Merlin, p. 226. Wright's Lyric Poetry, p. 100.
Mases of yron and gaddes of stele, GIX, The kex of hemlock. Wilts.
GIXT. A wanton wench. See Cotgravc, in v.
And gyam nys for to smyte wele.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii, 38, f. 213. Gadrouillette, Stiffrette.
G1SE. Guise ; fashion. Chaucer. ^Also a verb, GIZ-DANCE. A dance of mummers.
to dress, to prepare ; and, sometimes, to re- GIZEN. (1) To open ; to leak. North.
pose or recline. (2) To gaze intently. Line*
When they harde of these tythandys, GIZLE. To walk rnincingly. North.
They gyted them fulle gay. GIZZARD. To stick in the gizzard, i. e. to beat
jf~ MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 75. in mind. Var. dial
Whan they come at the koteffy$yn(f* ' GIZZEN, A sneer. North.
To dele hyt amoughis outher thyng.
MS. Ha) 1. 1701, f. 23. GLABER. Smooth ; slippery. Devon*
GLACE. To look scornfully. Line.
GISN. To gasp for breath. North.
GISPEN. A pot or cup made of leather. GLAD. (1) Smooth ; easy. Kennett says, " th*.i
goes smoothly, or slips easily, spoken of a
" Gyspen potte, pot de cuir," Palsgrave. <&*- door or bolt." North. Perhaps from the o.d
pin, Ord. and Reg. p. 374. In use at Win-
chester School, according to Kennett, MS. word glad, glided, Towncley Myst. p. 282,
Lansd. 1033. " Glat and sly per," Reynard the Foxe, p. 144.
GISS. (1) The name of a pig. North. (2) Pleasant ; agreeable. Chaucer.
Devon. GLADDEN. (1) To thaw. Yorksh.
(2) The girth of a saddle.
GISTE. A guest. See Gest. (A.-S.} (2) A void place, free from incumbranccs. North
The lighte of grace that gastely gistt es GLADDIE. The yellow-hammer, flevon.
Of the that es sonne of ryghtwisnes. GLADDING. Pleasant ; cheerful. Gwcr.
MS Lincoln A. i. J7,f.I80
GLADDON. The herb cat's-taH. Norf.
Tak ye no trewes, thoughe ye myght, GLADE. (1) To make glad. (^,-£) Also, to
For gist, negarison, as Gwynylon hlght, rejoice, to be glad. Chaucer.
Roland, MS. Lanad. 388, f. 307-
(2) An open track in a wood, particularly made
GISTING. The agistment of cattle. for placing nets for woodcocks.
GIT. The gist, or substance. Devon. (3) Glided. Gy of Warwike, p. 347.
G1TE. (1) A gown. Chaucer. (4) Shining ; bright. Cov. Myst. p. 168.
(2) Splendour j brightness. Peele, ii. 40. (5) Cheer, Torrent of Portugal, p. 49.
GITH. Corn-cockle. See Topsell, p. 423. GLADER. One who maketh glad. Chau&r.
GITT. Offspring. Craven. GLADINE. The herb spurgeworf. It it men-
CITTERN. A cittern. Stanihurst, p. 16. Spelt tioned inMS. Med. Line. ff. 286, 200.
ffittron in Leighton's Teares or Lamentations, GLADISH. To bark, as hounds do. l)u Bartas,
4to. Lond. 1613,
p. 365. From A.-N. fflatir.
GITTON. A small standard. (A.-N.) GLADLOKER. More gladly. Gawayne.
GIUST. A tournament' Spenser. GL AD L Y. Nicely ; readi ly. Palsgrave.
GIVE. (I) To give the time of day , to wish a GLADSCHYPE. Joy ; gladness. (-*.-*.)
good day to, to show respect or civility. To Tho wyst he welle the kyngct herto,
give in flesh, to have the skin galled. To give That he the deth nc «cholile a$iertt%
over, to leave off; to yield ; to forsake ; to de- And such a sorwe hath to hym take,
lay. To give again, to thaw; to relax by That gladschype he hath al forsulce.
damp or fermentation ; also, to decrease in Gotoer,MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6> f, $1.
value. To give one a good word, to recom- GLADSXJM. Pleasant Sir Cleges, 30.
mend. To give the bag, to dismiss ; in old GLAFE. (1) Smooth ; polite. North.
writers, to cheat. To give grant, to allow (2) Lonesome. We&tmoreL
authoritatively. To give back, to give way. GLAFFER. To flatter. North.
To give &eep, to take care. To give faith, to GLAIK. Inattentive ; foolish. North. Brockctt
believe a thing. To give out, to give way, to has glaky, giddy.
fail. To give the dor, or gteek, to pass a jest GLA1RE. A miry puddle. Cumo.
upon. To give hands, to applaud. To gioe the GLAIVE. A weapon composed of a long- rut*
bucklers, to yield. To give one his own, to tell ting blade at the end of a lance. See Morte
him his faults. To give the white foot, to coax. d'Arthur, i. 81 j Christmas Carols, p. ,1H.
(2) To yield ; to abuse, or scold ; to beat, or " The growndene glayfe," MS. Morte Arthure,
chastise. Var. dial.
(3) To take, or assume. An heraldic term. f. 92. Spelt
1593, in v. gteave Bard;in andHollyband's
gleivcs, Dictipnarie,
GIVELED. Gathered or collected together. Hist. England, i. 199.
(A.-N. Gaveti.} " With fish yiveled als a GLAM. (1) To grasp ; to snatch.
stac," Havelok, 814, left unexplained by the (2) A wound, or sore. Devon.
editor. To gavel corn is to collect it- into (3) Noise; cry; clamour. Gow&yne.
heaps for the purpose of being loaded. There GLAMOUR. A spell, or charm, North,
&ay be some connexion between the terms. The hands, NortJtumb.
 GLE 403 GLE
GLAND. The bank of a river, Cornw. GLEAM. To cast or throw up filth from her
GLAPYN. To be glad. "And glapyns in gorge, applied to a hawk.
herte," MS. Morte Arthurc, f. 94. GLEAN. (1) To sneer. Dorset.
GLARE. (I) To glaze earthenware. West. (2) A hand! ul of corn tied together by a gleaner.
(2) To stare earnestly. North. 'Kent. Smoothly
" A glen, ;conspica," Nominale MS.
GLARE-WORM. A glow-worm. /. WigU. GLEB. glibly.
It occurs in TopselFs Beasts, p. 542. And the like is reported of the pillars of the
GLASE. To make bright ; to polish ; to scour Temple Church, London, &c. and not onely the
harness. PaUgrave. Minsheu has fflase, to vulgar swallow down this tradition gleb, but severall
varnish. See also Pr. Parv. p. 197. learned, and otherwise understanding peis>ons, will
not be perswadcd to the contrary.
GLASED D. Glided ; glanced wrongly.
But hys swerde glascdd lowe, Aubrey's Wilts, Royal Soc. MS. p. 275.
And stroke upon the sadull bo we. GLEDDE. Shining; brilliant.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 179. Ilymthowht hesatte in gold a.l\eg!edde,
GLASIERS. Eyes. An old cant term, men- As he was comely kynge with crowne.
MS.Uctrl. 2252, f. 125.
tioned inHarman, cd. 1567.
GL AS INGE. Glass-work. Chaucer. GLEDE. (1) A burning coal; a spark of fire.
CLASSEN. Made of glass. West. See Perceval, 756;Isumbras,452; Chron.Vi-
GLASS-PLATES. Pieces of glass ready to be lodun. p. 37 ; Pieis Ploughman, p. 361,
made into looking-glasses. See Book of Rates, And tongys theryn also redd, , \
1675, p. 295. As hy t were a brennyng gledd,
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 140.
GIASS-WORiM. A glow-worm. Moufet Thoughe in his hert were Htelle play,
GLAT. A gap in a hedge. West. Forthehe sprongeas sparke ofgtede.
GLATERYE. Flattery? MS. Karl. 2252, f. 07.
The gads of glittery* standcn up wyde,
Hem seuiythe that al ys cyght and no wrong. (2) A kite. Palsgrave. See Glead. "Agledc,
MS. Cantab. Ff. i. C, f. 136. milvus" Nominale MS.
GLATH. Public. Ream?. With oder mete shalt thou not leve,
GLATHE. To rejoice ; to welcome. Cov. Myst. But that thys gled& wylle ye geve.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 86.
p. 171. See Glade.
GLATTON. Welsh flannel. North. GLEE. To squint. North. " I garde her gle,"
GLAUDKIX. A kind of gown, much in fashion Skelton, i. 293.
in Henry VIII.'s reign. GLEEK. (1) A jest, or scoff. Also, to jest. To
GLAUMANDE. Riotous. Gawayne. give the gleek, i. e. to pass a jest on one, to
GLAVE. A slipper. Lane. make a person ridiculous. See Cotgrave, in
GLAVER. To flatter. In later writers, some- v. Donn&r, Used in the North for, to deceive
times, toleer or ogle. Brockett says, " to talk or beguile. See Brockett, p. 135.
foolishly or heedlessly." Also, to slaver at (2) A game of cards, played hy three persons
the mouth. with forty-four cards, each hand having twelve,
GLAVERANDE Noisy ; boisterous, and eight being left for the stock. To gleek
Sir, sals syr Gawayne, so me OoUc helpe, was a term used in the game for gaining a de-
fe'iche glaverande Morte gomesArthwe,
greves me bot lyttille. cided advantage. To he gleeked was the con-
MS. Lincoln, f. 80.
trary. Agleek was three of the same cards in
GLAVERER. A flatterer. See Hollyband's one hand together. Hence three of anything
Dictionarie, 1593, inv. Cafard.
GLAWM. To look sad. Yortoh. was called a gleek, as in Fletcher's Poems, p.
131 ; Men-Miracles, 1656, p. 9.
GLAWS. Dried cowdung, used for firing in GLEEM. A flash of lightning ; a hot interval
Devon and Cornwall, between showers in summer. Westvnorel,
GLAYER. Glair of egg. Reliq. Antiq. i. 53. GLEEE. To slide. Oxfordsh. t >
GLAYMOUS. Clammy ; slimy. Glaymy occurs GLEG. (1) Slippery ; smooth. Cumb.
in Skelton, i. 124, and grlemmy in Salop. An- (2) To glance aslant, or slily. Also, quick,
tiq. p.444, close, damp, muggy. clever, adroit. North.
For some pecc wyll be yelowe, and some grene,
and tome fUijtmou*, &nd some clere. GLE-MAN. A minstrel. (^,-£) Piers Plough-
Bcntertt siff. A. ii. man, p.98 ; Wright's Lyric Poetry, p. 49*
GLEME. Viscous *, clammy. Palsgrave.
3LAZENE. Blue? (A^N.ffa*.) " A glazene
howve," Pier* Ploughman, p. 435. GLEMERANB.
rent of Portugal, Glittering*
p. 19. Glemyrryng, Tor-
GLAZENER. Adazier. North.
With terepys and with tredoure,
GLAZE-WORM. A glow-worn. Z*%. Glemerand hir syde. MS. Lincoln A. i. 1?, 1. 133.
GLE. Mirth ; music. (4.-S.) GLEMTH. A glimpse. Norf.
The kyng toke the cuppe anon,
AndseW, passllodioo 1 CLENCH. S&m* & Cttmth, q.v. Warw.
Hym thojt it wa« ffode pie. GLENDBH, To fffcare; to look earnestly. North.
J^S, Cfintoh Ff. v, 48, f. 50.
GLEA. Crooked. AbrIA, GLENT. (1) G&nped j glided. Glent is a com-
mon provincialism for a glance, or a start ; a
GLE AD. A kite* North. Cotgrave lias, « JS»- slip, or Ml ; and also, to glance. " As he by
coyfle, a kite, puttocke, orgkad" glenttys," MS. Morte Arthnre, f. 82. Se*
 404 GLO
GLI
GLIG. A blister. Line.
Thynne's Debate, p. 18 ; Richard Goer de Lion, GLIM. To look sly or askance. North.
5295 ; Chester Plays, i, 150, ii. 148.
Glayves gleterand tTaayg-Zentf
GLIME . The mucus from the nostrils of horses
On gleterand scheldys. or cattle. North.
MS. Lincoln A.I. 17, f. 131. GLIMPSE. To shine or glimmer. Chaucer*
(2) Gleaned. East. GLIM P ST. Caught a glimpse of. Glouc.
(3) To make a figure. North. GLIMSTICK. A candlestick. Grose.
GLERE. Any slimy matter like the glair.of an GLINCY. Smooth; slippery* Sussex. At
egg. Mirr. Mag. p. 212. Greenwich they say glinse, and Skelton, i. 384,
GLETHURLY. Smoothly ; quickly.
has glint.
So glethurly the swyrde went, GLINDER. A shallow tub. Devon.
That the t'yre ovrt of the pawment sprent. GLINE. Same as Glim, q. v. Kennett, MS.
MS. Cantab. Ff. Ju 38, f. 125.
Lansd. 1033, has glink ; Brockett and Palmer,
GLEVE. A glaive, q v. Chaucer.
GLEW. Music; glee; mirth. W. Mapes, p. GLIRE.
glint. In use in Dorset.
To slide. Far. dial
347 ; Arthour and Merlin, p. 123. Also, to
joy, or rejoice.
GLISE, (1) A great surprise. North.
Organes, harpe, and othere gleiv, (2) To glitter, or shine. Horn Childe, p. 288,
He drowse hem out of musik new. Glmen, Craven Gloss, i. 187.
Cursor Mundi, 3fS. Coll T> in. Cantab, f. 10. GLISK. To glitter. Also as glim, q. v.
Moche myrthe was them ainoBge, GLI STEN. A term applied in Cheshire to ewes
But ther gamyd hur no glewe. when maris appetens.
MS. Cantab. Ff. il. 38, f.74
GLISTER. To glitter. See Collier's Old Bal-
There ys no solas undyr hevene, lads, p.25 ; Men-Miracles, 1650, p. 44.
Of al that a man may nevene, GLITEN. To lighten. lorM.
Thatshuld a man so raoche glew,
GLITTISH. Cruel; savage. Devon. Palmer
As agodewomman that loveth trew,
explains iigluttonish.
No game schulde the glewe. GLI3ED. ThePlayed evilly. (^.-£)
elder sister he forsoke,
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii.38, f, 72.
GLEWE. To glow. Isumbras, 394. For she##5«rf, seifch the boke
Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trh*. Cantab, f. »4.
GLE YG-LOF. A kind of lily. GLOAMING. Twilight. North.
GLEYME. The rheum. Pr. Parv.
GLEYNGE. Melody ; minstrelsy. (^.-£) GLOAR-PAT. Immensely fat. North. " Not
GLIAND. Squinting, " Stroba, a woman all glory-fat," Fletcher's Poems, p. 1 10. See
Middleton, v. 517.
glyande," Nominale MS. GLOAT. (1) To stare. Hawkins, in. 115.
GLIB. (1) A large tuft of hair hanging over the
face. According to Stanihurst, p. 44, the (2) To look sulky ; to swell. South.
CLOBBER. A miser. Somerset. In early
Irish were very " proud of long crisped bushes writers, it means a glutton.
of heare, which they terme glibs, and the same GLOBED. Foolishly fond of. Chesh.
they nourish with all their cunning." See also GLOBE-DAMP. Damp in coal mines forming
Holinshed, Conq. Ireland, p. 54 ; Chron. Ire- into thick globular mists. North.
land, p.134. GLOBERDE. A glow- worm. PaUffrave. See
(2) To castrate. See Nares, in v. Topsell,p. 566; Florio,p. 101.
(3) Smooth ; voluble. North. Cotgrave has it GLODE. Glided. See Arthour and Merlin, p.
in the sense of, smoothly, gently, in v. Doux- 121, where Ellis, i. 249, reads stode.
glmant, Escoulement. Schemed forth aaanaddlr dooth,
GLIBBER. Worn smooth. North. Hence Non otherwise sche ne goth.
gWery, slippery, in Ben Jonson, and Dodsley, G*toer,MS.Soc.Jntiq. 134, f. 161
is. 174, Still in use. That other warden no more abode.
But by the rope down he gftxfo.
GLICK, A jest, or joke. " Theres glicke for MS. Cctnteb. Ff. H.38, f. 108.
you," Lilly, ed. 1632, sig. Cc. vi. Gifford ex- The goste toke up a gresely grone,
plains itwrongly in Ben Jonson, ii. 380.
Wyth fendys awey he glode. MS. Ibid. f. S2.
GLIDDER. Slippery. Devon. Ben Jonson, GLODEN. The sunflower. Line.
v. 110, has ffliddered, glazed over with some
tenacious varnish. Glider, anything that GLOE. To enjoy? Chester Plays, i. 128. The
MS. Bodl. 175 reads cotte.
glides, Brit. BiblMii. 24.
GLIDE. (1) Distorted; squinting, flares. GLOET. Glowed. Robson's Met. Rom. p. 5.
GLOFFARE. A glutton. Pr. Parv.
(2) To slide. Oxon. Palsgrave has, " Glydax, GLOMBE. To look gloomy,or louring. Chaucer*
. a slyder, glanceur" Palsgrave has ykme ? and gkming oxicurs in
GLIDER. A snare, or gilder, q.v.
GLIERE. One who squints. Translated by Hawkins, i. 208. Kennett has gloom, to
strabo in Nominale MS. frown, to be angry, to look sourly and severely.
North. Still in use,
tiLIFF. A glimpse ; an unexpected view of a Who Eostode upe and oghte told wye,
thing that startles one. North. He bade timrome ga in thedevylle waye,
GLIFTE. To look. « Than gliftis the i And glomnwte als he were wratlur.
MS. Lincoln A.I. I?, f, 147.
kynge," MS Morte Arthure, f. 94.
 GLO 405 GNA
GLOME. A bottom of thread. North. GLOX. The sound of liquids when shaken id a
GLOND. The herb cow-basil. barrel. Wilts.
GLOOM. A passing cloud. Wilts. GLUBBE. To suck in ; to gobble up. (A.-S.}
GLOP. To stare. North. Hence glulbere, a glutton.
GLOPPEN. To frighten ; to feel astonished ; CLUB-CALVES. Calves to be reared for stock.
to be startled, or greatly perplexed ; to stu- Devon. Qu. from glubbe ?
pify ; to disgust or sicken. North. It some- GLUM. Gloomy ; overcast ; sullen. Also, a sour
times means in early writers, to lament or cross look. Var. dial
mourn. GZope, Towneley Myst. p. 146, a sur- GLUM-METAL. A sort of stone found about
prise. Itoccurs in Nominale MS. Bradwell, in the moor lands, co. Staff, as bard
Thowe wenys toglnpj/ne me with thy gret wordcz to dig as any rock, yet mollified by air, rains,
Morte At thwe, MS. Lincoln, f. 80. and frosts, it will run as if it were a natural
GLOPPING. Sucking in. (A.-S.) lime. Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033.
GLOUE. To stare ; to leer. North " And CLUMPING. Surly ; sulky. Var. dial.
glorede unfaire," MS. Morte Arthurc, f. 64. GLUM-POT. Sulkiness.
A gallipot.North.
'Somerset.
Why glore thyn eyes in thy heade ? Why waggcst GLUMPSE. The adj.^/wwjuy
thou thy heed, as though them were very angry ? is \erycommon.
Palsgrave's Acolastus, 1MO GLUMS. Sudden flashes. Glouc.
GLORIATION. Glorying. (Lat.) It occurs GLUN7CH. A frown. Northumb.
in Lusty Juventus, ap. Hawkins,!. 131. GLUR. Soft, coarse fat, not well set. Applied
GLORIOUS. Vain; boastful (JLat.) Common to bacon. Line.
in our old dramatists. GLUSKY. Looking sulky. Ea*t.
GLORY-HOLE. A cupboard at the head of a GLUSTARE. One who squints. Pr. Part.
staircase for brooms, &c. Var. dial. GLUT. (1) Scum ; refuse. Var. dial
GLORYYNE. To defile. Pr.Parv.
(2) The slimy substance that lies in a hawk's
CLOSE. (1 ) To comment ; to interpret. GZose, • pannel. Gent. Rec. ii. 62.
an unfair gloss, Towneley Mysteries, p. 209. (3) A thick wooden wedge used in splitting blocks,
(+'1.-N.) Hence, dissimulation, unfairness. Var. dial
(2) To speak tenderly ; to flatter. CLUTCH. To swallow. Glutcher, the throat.
Hys wyfe came to hym yn hyc, Shakespeare has glut.
Ami began to kys^e hym and to glosye. GLUTHEN. To gather for rain. West.
MS. Cuitrab. Ff. ii. 3tf, f. 132. GLY. To squint. See Glee
CLOSER. A flatterer, l.ydgate. GLYBE. To scold, or reproach. North.
GLOTON. A glutton. (d.-N.} It occurs in a G L Y-II ALTE R. A halter or bridle with winkers.
gloss, in MS. Egerton, 829, f. 54. East. From <?///, q. v.
OLOTTEN. Same as Gloppen, q. v. GLYME. To look silly. North.
GLOTTKNING. A temporary melting of ice or GLYSTE To look. " Schc glyste up," Le Bone
snow. North. Florence of Rome, 1659. This seems to be
GLOUD. Glowed. Keliq. Antiq. ii. 8. " Glou- correct as well as glifte, q v.
inde glede/'MS. L>igbyof hair.
86. Sir Gawayne glj/ite* on the gome with a glade wille.
GLOUNDEN. A lock Starts Artfivre, MS. Lincoln, f. 80.
GLOUPING. Silent, or stupid. North. GLYT. Glides. Kyng Alisaunder, 8.
GLOUSE. A strong gleam of heat from the GLY3T. Looked. Gawayne.
sun or a fire. East. GNACCHEN. To grind the teeth. See a poem
GLOXJT. To pout, or look sulky. Glowtyd, in Rcliq. Antiq. i. 240.
Richard Goer de Lion, 4771. To stare at, GNAG. To gnaw. Line. (^,-£)
Milks' MS. Glossary. (JNANG. To gnash. Sussex.
GLOUTOUS. Gluttonous ; ravenous. GNAPPE. To scratch or rub.
GLOVE. To bevel. Craven. And sum ynapped here fete and handc-s,
GLOW. To stare earnestly. Devon. As doggea done that gnawc hi re handes.
MS Hxrl. 1701, f.«7,
GLOW-BASON. A glow-worm. Also, a bold
impudent person. West. GNAR. To quarrel ; to growl. North. To snarl,
GLO WE. (I) To glow, or tingle. or growl, Skclton, ii. 36.
He smote the portar on the hode, GNARL. To snarl. Also, to gnaw. Line. It
That he can downe falk, occurs in Shakespeare.
A lie hya hedd cangfawe. GNARL-BAND. A miserly fellow. lAnc.
MS. C*ntot>. Vf. ii, 38, f.07. GNARLED. Knotty. Also, twisted, wrinkled,
(2) To look. Syr Gowayne. or crumpled. South,
GLOWER. To gaze, or stare. North. See GNARRE. (3) To strangle. Palsgrave.
Dekker's Knight's Conjuring, repr. p. 67. (2) A hard knot in a tree. (//.-£)
GLOWERING. Quarrelsome. Emoor. GNASPE. To snatch at with the teeth. " I
GLOWING. Glowing of cockles is the discovery gnaspe at a thyng to catche it with rav tethe,
of them in the water by a certain splendour je hdnche" Palsgrave.
reflected from a babble which they make be- GNASTE. (I) To gnash with the teeth. See
low, when the sun shines upon the surface of Towneley Myst. pp. 143, 307 ; Mortc d'Arthur,
the water in a clear still day. Dean Milles MS. 1178; Apol, Loll, p, 93,
 OOA 406 GOB
Than sal thai gi eete and gowle, and with teethe gnayste, GOADS. Customs. Also, playthings.
For of helppe and mercy thar thaime noght trayste. GOAF. A rick of corn in the straw laid up hi a
Hawpole, MS. Sowest p. 214. barn. Goaf-flap, a wooden beater to knock
Ttias ware knyghtes of Rome that crucifyed the ends of the sheaves, and make the goaf
Criste gnaytitand als bestes withouten resoune.
MS. Coll, Eton. 10, f. 3. more compact. Goaf-stead, a division of a
barn in which a goaf is placed. Norf, Tusser
(2) The wick of a candle. JPr. Parv. mentions the gofe- fodder, p. 9.
GNAT. Is used by Chaucer for anything small
and worthless, (A.-S.) GOAK. (1) To shrink; to contract; to disco-
GISfATT. The knot, or Tringa Camtfun. lour by damp, &c. Yor&sli.
GNATTER. To grumble ; to gnaw. North. (2) The core of any fruit ; the yolk of an egg,
&c. North.
GNATTERT. Full of pebbles or gravel. Also,
ill-tempered. North- GOAL. At the game of camp, if a person can
GNAURENG. Forgetfulness. It occurs in manage to get the ball bet ween the two heaps
Batman uppon Bartholome, 1582. of clothes made by his own party, that &»<le
GNAYE. Gnawed. Sir Amadas, 247. reckons one, which is called a goal. If the
GNAWING. A griping. Reliq. Antiq. ii. 84. ball passes between the side-heaps, it is culled
GNAW-POST. A silly fellow. Somerset. a goal-ly, and reckons only half a goal.
GOALli. A barrow, or tumulus.
GNEDE. Sparing. Perceval, 607, 724. Want-
ing, ib. 752, 1689. To need, to require, Const. GOAM. To look after, or provide for. Also,
Mason, p 36. See Havelok, 97. to grasp or clasp. North.
Of gyftis was he [njever gnede, GOAN. To yawn. Also as gaun, q. v.
In wele na in wa. MS. Lincoln A. L 17> f- 134. GOANDE. Going. Weber.
GNEW. Gnawed. Suffolk. " And gnew the GOATHOUSE. A brothel, far. dial.
bones/' Ellis, ii. 227. GOATS. Stepping-stones. North.
GNIDE. To rub. (4..S.) GOATS-LEAP. A kind of leap practised by some
Hertes he sought and fond,
And gniddtiti hembituix his houd.
equestrians. North.
Artlww and Meilin,-p, GOB. (1) The mouth ; saliva. North. Some-
And after gnndde and wasche wel tin safiour ba#ge times, a copious expectoration.
In thilke lyje with bothc thyn hondis, to thou se that (2) A portion ; a lump. Far. dial. Hence the
thi 1156 hath take a fnire colour of thl saflour bagge. phrase, to work by the goo.
MS. Slcane 73, f, 214, (3) To fill up ; to impede. Salop.
GNIPE. The rocky summit of a mountain, GOBBEDE.
Also, to gnaw. North. Thane answers syr Oayous fulle gobbtde worries,
GNOFFE. A churl ; an old miser. See Chaucer, Was eme to the emperour, and erJehymest'lfene.
Mv) te Af'thurat MS. Lmwln, f. 07«
Cant. T. 31 88 ; Tocld's Bins*, p. 260.
The country gnooffes, Hob, Dick, and Hick, GOBBET. A morsel; a bit. (A.-N.) Still in
With clubbes and clouted shoon,
use. A large block of stone is called a
Shall fill up Dussyn dale
With slaughtered bodies soone, gobbet by workmen.
NorfoUee Fuiles, 1623. GOBBIN". A greedy clownish person. Also, a
GNOGHE. Gnawed. See Gnew. spoilt child, far. dial.
He shette hys tunge before the grccys, GOBBLE. (1) A chattering. Deri).
And gnogha hys ynward al to pecys, (2) To do anything fast. Var. dial.
M. S. H&l. 1701, f. 24. (3) A turkey-cock. Var. dial
GNOSTYS. Qu. an error for gkostys. GOBBLE-GUT. A greedy fellow. Line.
Smoke and fyre there can owt welle, GOBBLER. A turkey-cock. Suffolk.
And many gnoatyt gtowyng on glede.
GOBBON. Same as Gob (1).
jtfS; Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 49. GO-BET. A hunting phrase, equivalent to go
GNOWE. . Gnawed. Chaucer. along. See 3ft (8). Our second extract cu-
GO. To walk, Isumbras, 56 ; Eglamour, 760. riously illustrates a passage in Chaucer, Leg.
Dido, 288.
Sometimes for the part. pa. gone. Various
phrases which include this word may be worth Go bet, Wat, with Cry«tes curse !
The next tyroe thou shal be take j
notice. To go abroad, to spread abroad. To I have a harepypc i» my purse,
go against one, to go to meet him. To go That shall be set, Watte, for thi hnko
backward) to fall in debt. To go darkling, to MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 40, f. UO.
grope in the dark. To go compass round, to Old Father of the Pye,
encircle. To go from a thing, to deny it. To I cannot sing, my lips are dry !
go forward, to prosper. To go out of kind, But when my lips are very well wet,
to do anything contrary to one's proper na- Then I can sing with the, Heigh, //o bet /
ture. Togo quit, to escape a danger. All Hunting Song, Dean Millet Jtf&
the go, quite the fashion. To go near, to be GQBETTYD, A term used in dressing fish, for
very near doing anything-. How does it go taking the garbage out. Bortwn.
wth you, how do you fare ? Togo to the world, GO-BETWEEN. A pirap. jfcA&r.
to be married. GOBLOCK. A lamp of anything; aa Irregular
GOAD. Same as gad, q. v. mass. North.
 407
GOB GOG
GOBONE. Qa. Gob one? !GODFATHERS. An old cant term for jurymen.
Thay gobonaof the gretteste with growndoneswerdes See Ben Jonson. v. 139.
Howes one thas hulkes with theire harde wapyns. GODHEDE. Goodness. Kyng Alis. 7060.
MtntsArthvre, MS. Lincoln, f. OG. GOD-ILD-YOU. A corruption of God yield you,
GOBSLOTCH. A greedy clown ; a dirty vora- i. e. reward or bless you.
cious eater. North.
GOBSTJCK. A spoon. North. GODLEC. Goodness. Wright's Anec. Lit. p. 8.
GODLYCHE. Goodly ; politely. " Godlj die he
GOBSTIUNG. A bridle. T'ar. dial
GOB-THUUST. A stupid fellow. North. hyrgret," Degrevant, 675.
GODNEDAY. Good-day. Ritson.
GO-BY. To give one the go-by, i. e. to deceive GOD-PAYS. A profane expression formerly
him, or to leave him in the lurch ; to over- used by disbanded holdieis, implying that they
pass. The second turn a hare made in cours-
ing was called her go-by. Our old dramatists hud no" money themselves, and must therefore
borrow or be^. Hence God-to-pay ^ a hopeless
otten ridicule a phrase intioduecd by Kyd in debt, nothing. See Ben Jonson, viii. GO, 158.
his Spanish Tragedy, ap. Dodsley, iii. 163, GODPIIERE. A godfather. Jonson.
** Go by, Uieronimo," which even seems to
have become pioverbial. G OD 'S -B LE S SI N G. To go out of God's blessing
into the warm srin, a proverbial phrase for
GO-BY-TI1E-GROUND. A diminutive person. quitting a better for a worse situation. See
7iW. The ground ivy is called Gill-ffO-lty>tJi2- Nares and Ray.
ttrnnufl in the provinces.
GODSEND. Any good fortune quite unex-
<GOCKEN.
J6 ( '11 K . A Topotbe, orravenous. pit cl icr. Lino.
JHlfs. pected. On the coast a wreck is sometimes
so called, far. dial.
(i()I). God before, or Gad fa-fowir, God going
before and assisting. God to fri&id, God GOD'S-GOOD. Yeast, far. dial. See Lilly,
ed. 1 632, sig. Aa vii ; Flono, p. 130. It is spelt
bciii'* protect or. yosgood in some provincial glossaries. Forby
OOD-ALMIGIITY'S-COW. The lady-bird. is clearly wrong in his explanation, as the re-
(iOD-CAKE. A particular description of cake ferences toLilly and Florio indisputably show.
which it is customary on New "Year's Day for GODSHARLD. God forbid! Yorksh.
sponsors to send to their godchildren at GOD SI 15. A godfather. Chaucer.
Coventry ; a practice which appears to be pecu- GODSPEED. An exclamation addressed to a
liar to that city.
person commencing a journey, implying the
GODCEIT. A godfather. This occurs in
Ilolinshed, Chron. Ireland, p. 7B. speaker's
transit. Stillinn.se.anxiety ibr his speedy and safe
GOODARD. (1) A fool. North.
GOD'S-PENNY. Earnest-money. North. " A
(2) A kind of cup or goblet. " A woodden yoddet
or tankard," Florio, p. 80. GodVpennie, an earnest -pennie," Florio, p. 39.
GODDARTLY. Cautiously. Currib. GOD'S-SAKE. A child kept for God's sake, i. e.
GODDEN. Good even. North. We have also a foster-child. See Nomtmclutor, p. 20 ;
Florio, p. 22.
yvday, good day. See Meriton, p. 100,
The kyngscid, gramcrcy and havegt^ij/J GOD'S-SANTY, An oath, biipposed by Steevens
The scheperde onswerld and said, nay. to be corrupted from God' a sanctity,
SIS. Cantab, Ff. v. 48, f. 51 GOD'S-TRtmi. An absolute truth.
GODDERHELE. Better health I GOEL. Yellow. East. "Thegoelerandyoungcr,"
Towneley Mysteries, p. 89, Tusser, p, 126.
GODDOT. An oath which occurs frequently in GOETIE. Witchcraft mount.
Havelok. The editor is clearly right in con- GOFER. A species of tea-cake of an oblowg
sidering ita corruption of God wot, so many form, made of flour, milk, eggs, and currants,
oaths being amalgamised in a similar manner. baked on an iron made expressly for the pur-
In the notes to Pr. Pan', p. 201, it is confused pose, called a gofering iron, and divided into
with God-late, or God-wolde, which are evi- square compartments. Line.
detftly of a different origin. I have purposely GOFER1NG-WORK. A sort of crimping per-
omitted a host of oaths of this description, as formed on frills, caps, &c,
they are for the most part easy of solution, and GOFF. (1) An oaf or fool. North.
in any case arc not of sufficient worth to (2) A game played by striking hard stuffed balls
balance their impiety. with clubs. He who drives his ball into the
hole with fewest strokes is the winner. It was
CODE. Wealth; goods. (,*.-£) Still re-
a common game in England in the reign of
tained inCheshire. "WilbraJhtani, p. 43. James I. See IXEwes, i. 48.
GODELE. Goodly. EmM 503.
Fcyre and longe was he thofre, (3) A godfather. Qstth, 4ngl
A ffod<tlv<tr loan was none bore. GOFFLE. To gobble upj to eat fast. Essex.
MS Canttift. Ff, It. 38, f. 174. GOFFRAM. A clown. (hinb.
GODELYHEDE. Goodness. ( GOPISH. Foolish Ctoueer.
GODENES8. dtgoti&iew*, at advantage. See GOFLE. A small basket, Line.
Rom. Kose, H53, 3462* GOG. A bog. Oxm. Aubrey, in his MS. Nat.
GOUESEIE. The herb clary. The Latin name Hist Wilts, p. 56, mentions "a boggy place
k gaMtntwto. in MS. Sloaae 5, L 5, called the
 GOL 408 GOL
GOGE. The throat. Nominate MS. GOLDSMITHKIE. Goldsmith's work. (A.~S.)
GOGGLE. To swallow. " Gulped, or goggled GOLDSPINK. The goldfinch. North.
downe," Cotgrave, inv. Gfoularde. GOLD-WEIGHT. To the gold-weight, i. e. to
GOGGY. An egg. Craven. the minutest particulars, gold-weights being
GOGING-STOOL. A cucking-stool, q. v, very exact. See Jonson, v. 360.
GOLDY. Of a gold colour.
GOGION, A gudgeon.
tionarie, 1593, See Hollyband's Die-
in Y. Aspron. As ofte as sondys be in the salte se,
GOG-MIIIE. A quagmire. Futiee* And goldy gravel in the stremys rich.
M& Cantab, Ff. i 6, f, 12.
GOIGH. Very merry. Devon.
GOIL. Spongy ground. Milles MS. COLE. (1) Big; full; florid ; prominent ; rank.
GOING. (1) A right of pasturage on a common as grass, &c. East.
for a beast, Suffolk. (2) The jaw-bone. Nominate MS.
(3) A ditch or small stream. North. Also, a
(2) Going to the vault, an expression sometimes whirl-pool ; a flood-gate, or sluice. See Du£-
used by hunters when a hare takes ground
like a rabbit. dale's Imbanking, 1662, p. 276. " A gool,
GOING-OUT. Visiting. For. dial lacuna, vid. Skjnnerum; item, a current of
GOINGS-ON. Proceedings. Var. dial water in a swampy place, and generally where
GOISTER. To laugh loudly. Line. Also, to it is obstructed with boggs ; likewise, & hollow
brag ; to enter into a frolic. between two MS.
Dean Milles hills p.; a132.
throat ; a narrow \ale,"
GOJONE. The gudgeon of a wheel ; also, the Than syr Gawayne the glide a gnlaye he tnky*,
fish so called. Pr. Pa.ro.
And glides up at a gale with gud mene of arnies.
GOKE.- A fool. Reliq. Antiq. i. 291. Ben Morte Arthurs, SIS. JLinc.»ft>, f. fh?.
Jonson has gokt, stupefied. Goby, a gawky, a
(4) A fool ? " Create dole for a gole" Chebtcr
clown, Piers Ploughman, p. 220. " A goky, a Plays, i. 229. Gowk, MS. BodL 1 73.
gokin vel gakin, stultus? Milles MS. GO-LESS. I cannot go loss, i. e.r I cannot ac-
GOKERT. Awkward ; clumsy. Var. dial
cept of less, I cannot play for a smaller tttim.
GOLD. The plant turnsol. It is also applied
to corn-rnarygold and wild myrtle.
" Goe lesse, at primero," Cotgrave, in v.Manytw.
That she spronge up out of the molde GOLET,
part of The armourthroat, or gullet.
or dress which (^.-AT.)
covered theA
Into aflourewas named golds.
throat was so called.
Cower, ed. 1554, f. 120.
GOLD.£RAP. The herb crow-foot. See Throwghe golet and gorgere he hurtez hym cwyne.
Mart* Athure, MS* Llwln, f.7SJ.
Hollyband's Dictionarie, 1593, in v. Bassinets. Be the golett of the hode
Called also gold-cup, Johne pulled the munke downe.
GOLDEFOME. Copper. Nominate MS.
GOLDEN-BUG. The ladybird. Suffolk. MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 4», f. !".«>.
GOLIARDS. The best account of the tfvliartfi is
GOLDEN-CHAFER. A green beetle, very com-
mon in the month of June. Var. dial given in Mr. Wright's preface to \Valter
GOLDEN-CHAIN. Yellow laburnum. West. Stapes, p. x. "They appear," says Mr.
GOLD-END-MAN. One who buys broken Wright, " to have been in the clerical or<Uir
somewhat the same class as the jongleurs and
pieces of gold and silver j an itinerant jeweller. minstrels among the laity, riotous and un-
See Ben Jonson, iv. 79.
thrifty scholars who attended on the tablosof
GOLDEN-DROP. A kind of plum. Also, a
variety of wheat, Thef'ar. the
living richer ecclesiastics, and the
gained t'.^r
GOLDEN-EYE. bird dial
ana s clangula. It is and clothing by practising
of buffoons and jesters. The name appears to
profession
called goldnye in Arch. xiii. 343.
GOLDEN- HERB. The plant orach. North. have originated towards the end of the twelfth
GOLDEN-KNOP. The lady-bird. East. century,* and, in the documents of that time,
and of the next century, is always conn^ctcf!
GOLDEN-WITHY, Bog mirtle. South.
with the clerical order." In the Decretal.
GOLDFINCH. A piece of gold; a purse. Mid- Bonifacii YJII. Univ. Oxon. they arc tim<
dleton, i. 283. A sovereign is now so called.
GOLD-FINDER. An old jocular name for a per- mentioned, sejocnlatores seuyon&rtloxfaritmt
son who cleaned a jakes, aut luffones. See other quotations of a siii'i-
GOLD FLOWER. Golden cudweed ; the aurelia, lar import in Ducange.
according to Florio, p. 166. GO-LIE, To recline ; to be laid by the wind ; to
GOLDFRE. A welt of gold : explained aurifigium subside. Somerset. Perf. tetnt-Me; part.
in Nominate MS.
t/Qne-Ue. A kind of gown.
GOLIONE.
GOLD-HEWEN. Of a golden colour. (A.-S.) And alle was do ryjt as jchc b*d,
GOLD-HOUSE. A treasury. He hath hire in his clothia clad,
On the morowe, tho hyt was day, And caste on hire his fftfivrie,
The kyng to hys golde-hows toke hys way. Whichc of theakyn of a Hone
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 133.
Was made, as he upon the wcjr
GOLD ING. Amarygold. Chesh. It slow ; and over thin to pltye
GOLD-KNAP. The herb crow-foot, ffuloet. Sche took his gret mace also,
GOLD-NEPS. A kind of small red and yellow And knlttc it at hireglrdllle th».
early ripe pear. Chesh. G^Jicfir, AfS. foe, AM iq IM,tlJtU
 GON 409 GOO
GONGE. (1) To go. See Ellis, n. 399,
GOLL. (1) A hand, or fist. East. " How cold Jhesu thoujt hit was ful longc,
they are, poor golls," Beaum. and Flet. i. 97.
See Hawkins, in. 119. Withouten felov»shipeto£v>W£-e. '
Cuisor Mundi^MS. Coll. Tnn. Cantnb i 82.
(2) To strike or blow with violence ; to rush, as
wind does. North.
(2) A jakes. " The devels gonge-house of hpHe,"
(3) The gullet, Nominale MS. More properly MS. quoted in MS. Lansd. 1033. Gnnyv-
the ball of the throat. farmer, a cleaner of jakes, Palsgrave. Gwye-
Sethen he went to theskulle, fermourer, Cocke Lorelles Bote, r. 3. Sto\\e
And hewyd asonder the throte golle. has goung for dung. See Nares in v. Gountj.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 115. J.ik, if every hous were honest to etc fldsh inne,
HOLLAND. This plant is alluded to by Turner Than were it lion«?st to ete in a ?r->Y>g?.
as the ranunculus or crowfoot, and Brockett MS. Dtffby 43, f. 8.
And was adrad nyghe owt of hys wytte,
mentions a yellow flower so called without
And caste hyt yn a gonge-pytte.
giving its other name. It is probably that JUS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 3ft, f. 138.
species which is described by Gerard, p. 810,
GONHELLY. A Cornish horse. More's MS.
as the double crowfoot or yellow batchelor's- Additions to Hay, Mus. Brit.
buttons. " Goulands, Bor. corn-marigolds," GONMER. An old person. Devon.
Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033.
COLLAR. To shout ; to snarl. North. GONNE. A machine for expelling balls ; a gun,
GOLLOP. A large morsel. Somerset. but not necessarily used with gunpowder.
G01.LS. Fat chops ; ridges of fat on a corpulent Chaucer, however, has the term in exactly the
modern sense.
person. East.
GOLOSSIANS. Galoshes. Arch. xi. 95. GONNERHEAD. A stupid person. North.
GOLP. A sudden blow. Devon. Probably fro*n gonntr, a gander.
GOLSII. To swallow quickly. North. GONY. Good.
A* greatSeegoose. Glouc.4 08.
GOO. Arch. xxx.
GOLSOGHT. The jaundice.
Knvus man may lyknjd be GOOA. Togo. Far. dial
To the golwght, that es a payne, GOOCHY. Indian rubber, far. dial.
Mcne may se it in mans eeue. GOOD. (1) Rich. A mercantile use of the word
R. deBntnne, MS. Bowet, p. 46. common in old plays.
GOME. (1) A man. (^.-£) This continued in (2) Very. Goodsawcily, Thorns' Anec. p. 74.
use till the time of the civil wars. It occurs GOOD-BROTHER. A brother-in-law.
in early versions of the Psalms in place of the GOOD-CHEAP. Extremely cheap. It answers
modern Gentile. See Reliq. Antiq. i. 77, ii.
211 ; Lybeaus Disconus, 1001. to bon-marche in Cotgrave. In Douce'*, col-
lection isa fragment of an early book printed
(2)Junius
Blackin grease.
the Bodl,Upton's
Lib. MS. Additions to by Caxton, who promises to s?ll it "good
chepe." See Fletcher's Poems, p. 72.
(3) Heed; care. Kennett has, " to gome, to mind GOOD-DAWNING. Good-morrow. Went.
or be intent upon." See Goam ; R. Glouc. p. GOOD-DAY. A holiday. Staff.
57. A-S. gyman. GOODDIT. Shrove-tide. North. Shrove Tues-
Son, he selde, take good goniff,
5y ven thou hast thin owne dome. day is called Goodies-Tuesday.
Cursor Mundi, MS. Otll. Trin. Cantab, f. 50. GOOD-DOING. Charitable ; kind. East.
(4) A godmother. Cotgrave. GOODED. Prospered.- Devon.
GOOD-ENOUGH. Passable. Shak.
GOMEN. Game; play. W.Mapes, p.347.
GOOD-FELLOWS. A cant term for thievrs.
GOMEHILL. A silly fellow. North.
GOMMACKS. Tricks ; foolery. East. "Good fellows be thieves," Hey wood's Edward
GOMMAN. Gomman, paterfamilias; gommer, GOOD-FEW. IV. p. 42.
A fair number. North.
materfamilias. Milles* MS. Glossary. Skinner GOODGER. Goodman, or husband. Also
term for the devil. Devon.
GOMME. The gum. Chaucer.
GOOD-HOUR. A favourable time, a phrase ap-
GON. (1) Since j ago. Reliq. Antiq, i. 64.
(2) Gave. Also, to give. Var. dial plied to a woman in labour.
GOOD-HUSSEY. A thread-case. West.
GONE. (1) Dead? expired. / 'ar. dial GOODIN. A good thing. Yorfoh.
(2) A term in archery, when the arrow was shot
beyond the mark. The same term is still used GOODING. To go agooding, among poor peo-
in the game of bowls, when the bo\v I rims be- ple, isto go about before Christmas to collect
money or corn to enable them to keep the
yond the jack. Nares. " I am gone, or overcast festival Kent.
at bowles," HowelL GOODISH. Bather large or long. Far. dial
GONEIL, Same as Gtm&ntt, q. v.
GONPANON. A banner or standard. (A.-N.} " A goodish step," a long way.
See Sir Tristrem, pp. 145, 210 ; Kyug Ali- GOODnKING-HARRY. The herb goose-foot.
*aunder, 1963 ; Langtoft, pp. 30, 330. GOODLICH, Conveniently. See Nichols' Royal
Whan thay were redy for to ryde, Wills, p. 118 ; Test. Vetust. p. 139.
They rey&ed spere and fffwfttnttuite* G00D-L1KE. Handsome. Good-like-naugUfc
M-% ttarl.22&2, f. 112, handsome but worthless, JVo
 410 GOR
GOO
GOOD LORD. A term formerly applied to a See Harrison, p. 223. "dncarius, a gosherd, '
patron or benefactor, Nominate MS.
GOODLY. Fresh or gay in apparel. GOOSE-HOUSE. A parish cage, or small tem-
GOODLYHEDE. Goodness. (^.-&) porary prison. Suffolk.
GOOD-MAN. The landlord or master of a house. GOOSE-INTENTOS. A word used in Lanca-
See Sevyu Sages, 3869 ; Matthew, xs. 11. In shire, where the husbandmen claim it as a due
the provinces, a woman terms her husband her to have a goose-intentos on the sixteenth Sun-
day after Pentecost ; which custom took origin
GOODMANTURD. A worthless unpleasant fel- from the last word of this old church prayer
low. See Florio, p. 160. of that day. — Tua nos qua&imus Jti^mmc,
GOOD-MIND. Good humour. East. gratia semper prteveniat et sequafiir: adonis
GOOD-MISTRESS. A patroness. operibiASjugiterprcestet esse intent o#. Common
GOOD-NIGHTS. A species of minor poems of people mistake it for a goose with tat foes.
the ballad kind. Nares. Blount's Glossograpliia, ed. 1681, p. 290.
GOOD-NOW. A phrase equivalent to, Do you GOOSEMAN-CHICK. A gosUng. XortA.
know, you must knoic. West* GOOSE-SMERE. A kind of axungia luen-
GOOD-OUTS. Doing well. far. dial tioned in MS. Sloane 5,f.2.
GOODS. Cattle ; dairy produce. North. GOOSE-TANSY. Silver-weed. North.
GOODSCHIPE. Goodness. (^.-£) GOOSE-TONGUE. Sneeze-wort. Craven.
And for the goodsvhipe of this dede, GOOSE -TURD-GREEN. A colour in apparel
They grauuten him a lusty mede. alluded to in Harrisan, p. 172; Cotgra\eT in
Cower, JUS. Sjc. Antiq. 134, f, 117-
v. Ulerde. Jonson, iv. 413, mentions " goose-
GOOD-SPEED. Yeast. Florio, p. 130. green starch," and a waistcoat made of ffwtling
GOOD-TIDY. Moderate; reasonable. Ea$t.
GOOD-TIME. A festival. Jonson. green
ch, xii.isp.named
59. in the Vicar of "Watt1 field,
GOOD-TO. Good for. See Pegge,inv. GOOSHARETH. The herb goose-grass*
GOOD-WOMAN. A wife. Far. dial GOOSHILL. A gutter. 11 tit*.
GOOD-WOOLLED. A good-woolled one, i. e., GOOSIER. A goose-heard, q. v. Somerset.
a capital good fellow. Line. GOOSTLICHE. Spiritually. (.*.-£)
GOOT. Goeth. Arch. yxx. 40rf.
GOODY. (1) Good-wife. This term is addressed
only to poor women. North. Chaucer has GOOT-BUCKIS. He bucks. Mekliffe.
ffood-lefe, ed. Uny, p. 160. GOPE. To talk vulgarly and loud ; to snatch,
(2) To prosper ; to appear good. West . or grasp. Cumb.
GOOD-YEAR. Corrupted by our old writers GOPPEN-FULL. A large handful. Xort/t.
from goujere, the French disease. See Cotgrave, in v. Joint e.
GOOF. A kind of sweet cake. East. GOPPISH. Proud ; pert ; testy. North.
GOOGEN. A gudgeon, See Clerk's edition of GOR. (l; Dirty; miry; rotten. North.
Witbals' Dictionarie, 1608, p. 36. (2) A young uuflcdged bird. Wcstm.
GOOKEE. To hang down. Devon. (3) A clownish fellow. Sumefnct.
GOOM. To file a saw. Var. dial GORBELLY. A person with a larpc belly.
GOORDY. Plump or round. Devon. Sec IlolK band, 151)3, in v. Mrctlallirrf
We shal so bowel that scrippe or bagge of his with 1 Henry IV. ii. 2.
strokes, by pynchjnge 01 nyppyng meile, being
GORBIT.*
nowe swollen with moche biasse, i. whiche is now GORBLE.
Same as Oor (2). JVW.
To cat, or gobble North.
borely or gaordy, or stroatted out with moche GORGE. A wear. Blount, in v.
money. Acolattw, 1540. GORCHANBE. Grumbling. R. 8c Urmne
GOOSE. ^1) A silly fellow. Far. dial GORCOCK. The red grouse. Novth.
(2) A tailor's smoothing iron. GOJRCROW. A carrion-crow. Pennant. Tins
(3) A game described by Strutt, p. 336. On the bird is mentioned by Ben Jomon.
Stationers' registers, 16th June, 1597, was GORD. A narrow stream of water. S*c KPII-
licensed, " The newe and most pleasant game nett's Gloss, p. 80. " A whirlpool, or <L-<>|> hofo
of the goose." in a river," Blount's Gloss, ed, KJrfl, p. 290,
(4) A breach made hy the sea. GORDE. (1) Girded on. Mcyriclt, i. 177.
GOOSE BERRY. To play old gooseberry, i. e., to (2) To strike, or spur. Gawiytw*
create a great confusion. GORE. (1) Mud; dirt, kybeaiw Discomis, U7U
GOOSE-BILL. The herb goose-grass. Still in use in Norfolk.
GOOSE-CAP. A silly person. Devon. "A sot, (2) A-gore, bloody. Sec Moor's Suffolk WMI!*,
asse, goosecap," Cotg. in v. Grue. p. 154, and Ayorr, p. 32.
GOOSECHITE. The herb agrimony. (3) The lowest part in a trad of country, AVM,
GOOSE-FEAST. Michaelmas. Line. It is explained by Keimett, aaniaJl narrow «lip
GOOSE-FLESH. The roughness of the skin of ground, Gloss, p. 80.
produced by cold. Far. dial (4) A piece of cloth inserted. This is the ex-
GOOSE-GOG. The gooseberry. t>ar.dial planation inthe Craven Glo&s, i. 102, nmt it
COOSE-GRASS. Catch-weed. North. may be more fully described as a diagonal s
GOOSE. HEARD One who takes care of gce&c inserted at the bottom of a shift, *lirr r
1
 GOS 411 GOU
at gown, to give breadth to the lower part of |GOSS. (1) Furze. See Gorse.
it. Florio has, " Gheroni, the gores or gussets (2) To guzzle, or drink. Devon.
of a shirt or smock.'* See Chaucer, Cant. T. GOSSANDER, The Meryua Merganser, a bird
3237. It is often used by very early writers of the fens. Dray ton.
in the phrase under (/ore, i. e. under the GOS SIB. A sponsor at baptism, since corrupted
clothing. This explains a disputed passage in into gossip. See Yerstegau's observations ui
this word quoted in Ben Jonson, iii. 215 ;
Sir Thopas. "Gouthlich under gore," MS.
Plumpton Corr. p. 62 ; Holinshcd, Chi on,
Digby 86. " Glad under gore," Wright's Ireland, p. 112 ; State Papers, iii. 13. There
Ljric Poetry, p. 26. See also Wright's Pol.
Songs, p. 152. Gore-coaf, a gown or petticoat was formerly considered a kind of relation-
gored, or so cut as to be broad at the bottom, ship between a person and his sponsors, ex-
and narrower at the upper part, Exmoor pressed bygosniprede. See Lydgate's Minor
Scolding, p. 39. Poems, p. 36 ; State Papers, ii. 479.
(5) To make up a mow of hay. Line. GOSSONE. A god-son. Pr.Parv.
GORE-BLOOD. Clotted blood. Shak. We GOST. (1) Goest ; walkest. (A.-S.)
The kyng to the schepeule con say,
ha"ve yorwoundede in Reliq. Antiq. i. 55. Fro me ne goat thou not away.
GORELL. A great clownish lad. JUS. Cental. Ff. v. 48, f. 52.
Glotony that go&ll is the vjtc. synne,
That men Ube of in delicat fedyng of mete. (2) Spirit ; mind ; soul. (^.-S.)
MS. Laud. 416, f. 08. GOSTEAD. A bay or division of a barn. Norf.
GORGAYSJE. A woman's tucker. Skclton,iL391. GOSTER. Same as Gauster, q. v.
GORGE. The throat ; the mouth. (A-N.} A GOTCH. A large pitcher. Tar. dial Gotch-
hawk when full-fed was said to bear full gorge. belly, a large round belly.
To give over the gorge, i. e. to be sick. GOTE. A ditch, or sluice. North.
GOKGEATJNT. A boar in the second year. An There arose a great controversie about the erect-
old hunting term. ing of two new gotes at Skirbek and Langare for
GORGER. Armour for the throat. (A.-N.) draynmg the waters out of South Holand and the
See Lybeaus Disconus, 1618. Fens. DugdaWs Imbankivg, 1C(J2, p. 243.
Nowe I wol sey thceof the jwffer, whicheshoulde GOTER. A shower. Also, a gutter.
kcpe the throte-bolle. He sal com doun als ram in flees soft,
Runt, of the Monk, Sion Cdlege M S. And voters droppand over erthc oft.
GORGET. " A kerchef wherwith women cover MS. Kgeitott C14, f.48.
Bunkes flowen of Hooc'e abowte in the v, le,
their pappcs," Barct, 1580.
GORGE Y. To shake, or tremble. West. And out of the gaye golde gotm thcr jode.
MS. Cutt. aUiff. A. ii. f. 114.
GORISOUN. A youth ; a page. (sJ.-N.)
GORLE. To devour eagerly. South. GOTFER. An old man. Wilts.
GORM. To smear; to daub. North. GOTHAM. A vv ise man of Gotham, i. e. a fool.
GORMA. A cormorant. North. It is scarcely necessary to allude to the well-
GORN. A small pail with one handle. Dertysh. known collection of talcs of the wise men of
GORNEY. A journey. Robin Hood, i. 85. Gotham, rcpr. 1840. Gotham is also a cant
GORONS. Bars and cramps of iron to secure term for Newcastle.
the upper stones of a pinnacle. Blossom. GOTHARD. A fooli&h fellow. North.
GORRELL. A fat person. Cotgrave has this GOTIIELEN. To grumble, or rumble, as the
word, in v. ttrectaitter. In Craven, gorry, very stomach does. (A>-&.)
fat, nauseously fat. GOTHEKLY. Kind ; sociable. North.
GOT11SEMAY. Gossamer. Lady Al. 1659.
GORSE. Furze. J'ar. dial. " The firse or
gorse," Elyot, 1559, GO-TO. Don't go to, not able to. Var. dial
GORSEH01TER. Theinwhinchat.
v. Paliurus. Chfsh. The phrase go to, in old colloquial language,
GORST. The jumper- tree, but more commonly and often introduced in old plays, has not, 1
the same as gorse, q. v. believe, been properly explained. It is equi-
GOSE. Go. Chaucer. valent to, well, wall now, well thm, or yo on ;
And graythe 50*6 to 5<>ne grene wodc, and it occurs in the Trench Alphabet, Bvo.
Ana got* over ther nedcs. Lond. 1615, as tlie translation oforsvs. Florio
Morte Arthur^ MS. Lfwcofo, f. GO.
has, " jtfor btne, well, go too, it is well joow."
GOSHAL. The goshawk. Book of Rates, GO-TO-BED-AT-NOON. Goat's beard.
GOSLINGS. The blossoms of the willow, which GOTOUES. Lumps ; impurities ?
children sometimes play with by putting them Tak the rutea of morclle and wasche theme and
into the fire and seeing how they burn, re- stamp thame welc, and lay thame to the fester at
peating verses at the same time. morne and at evene, aad ever clence It wele of
GOSLING-WEED. Goose-grass. IMoet. gotourt, and wasche it with hate wynt1.
MS.Unc.Med. f. 313.
GOSPELLER. (1) An EfdH#slist.
And the foure gotpellert GOTTED. Gotten. Skelton.
Standand on the peter*, MS. Uncrtn A. L 17, f. 136. GOTT. A pitdiej-, or gotch, q. v.
(2) The priest tliat chanted the gospel. See GOUD-SI'INIC, A goldfinch. Craven.
DavieV Ancient Rites, 1672, p. 14 ; Ord. and GOUL. (1) The guin of the eye. North. S^c
Reg. p. 169. Cotton's Works, 1734, p, 125.
 GOV 412 GRA
or -watarish matter in sore eyes called of some GOVE-TUSHED. Having projected teeth. Deri
gowle" iFlorio, p. 104. GOW. (1) Wild myrtle. Florio, p. 4.
(2^ A. hut, or cottage. Cumb. (2) Let us go. Suffolk. An abbreviation of go u-e
GO ULFE. A goaf of corn. Palsgrave. plur. imper. of go. In the Northern counties,
GOUND. A yellow secretion in the corners of
the eyes. North. Left unexplained in Arch. GOWARGE. A round chisel used for making
hollows. North.
xxx. 408. " Gownde of the eye," Pr. Parv. GO- WAY. Give way ; cease.
"Goxind,son?es oculorum condensat&per totum
Skin- IGoville
way,no doujtur,
OToreof sich thyng '
thi playng.
agrum ner.Line, Med. Line. appellantur"
In MS.vulgatissime f. 283 is a receipt AfS. C«»f«&. Pf. v.48, f. 44,
" for hlered eghne and gundy ,-" and gunny GOWBERT. A goblet, or drinking-\ essel.
eyes are explained sore running eyes in the GOWCES. The pieces of armour w hich protect
Yorkshire Dialogue, 1697, p. 100. The gound the arm-pit when the arm is raided.
is well explained "by Milles to be oculorum Um-begrippys a spere, and to ngome rynnys,
gramia qua ab oculis distittat, and if the old That bare of gowles fulle gayc with #tw«.r* of h> vcre.
text in the passage in Timon of A., i. 1, " Our Morts Arthurs, MS. Lineuln, f. !>i?,
Poesie is as a Govme," ed. 1623, p. 80, is in GO\VD. (1) A toy or gaud. AV;rM.
any way correct, we have in this word gound, (2) To cut dirty wool from off the tails of ibtvp.
or goivnde, as it is spelt in Pr. Parv. p. 206, the North. TheFutuo.
\v ool soNorth.
cut oft' is called i/<wnr/wv.
genuine old reading, which Tieck tries to make GOWIJER.
sense of in a different manner. The distillat GOWDYLAKIN. A plaything. NortJtvmb.
of Milles answers to the uses or oozes of Shake- GOWER. (1) A great dish or platter for potage.
speare. Winton. Keiniett's MS. Gloss.
Right so plejnly thorowe thegonndy sight (2) A kind of cake, formerly made for child: ni at
Of erytikes, ne may not susteyiie
For to bebolde the clerenesse of this queue. Christmas. North's Toy-Book, 1CG5.
Lydgale, MS. Jshmola 39, f. 36, GOWGE. The gauge or measure.
The pwift' *>eycl, the devyles dyrte
GOTJNE -CLOTH. Cloth enough to make a Fore auythli g that thott canne wyrke J
gown* C7<<z«eer. yfuges Portlcee, p. I«.
GOURD. ;1) A species of false dice, mentioned
in the Merry W. of W. i.3. GO^"1L-SO\VGIIT.
coma in Nominale MS. This is translated by g&h-
(2) A vessel to carry liquor in. See Chaucer, GOWK. A cuckoo. Also as gofa* q. v. ! fence
Cant. T. 17031, Goivfc-sptii cuckoo spit. North.
(3) " Aqwlegium, a gourde of water, whiche cora- GOWLARE. An usurer. Pr.Part*.
meth. of rayne," Elyot, 1559. GOWLE. To cry sulkily. North, Brock ell s:i\s,
GOURMANDIZE. Gluttony, Spenser. '• to threaten in a kind of howl." (I'lu^. <>»].
GOURY. Dull ; stupid-looking. Korth. 1829, p. 138. Sec Relic]. Anliq. i. &H ; Tun-
GOUSH. A stream. Also, to make a noise, as dale, pp. 15, 39.
water when gushing out. For unnethes es a chyldc borne fully,
GOUT. The gateway bridge over a watercourse 5 That It tie begynnes toffmrl*' an-l t ry<*.
a diaiu. Warw. Hampnlti, 3/.S' Jfw/rv, p. a;».
GOUTHLTCH. Goodly. (4.-S.) GOWLED. Gummed up. &'e6W(l).
WJs he wes of lore, GOWLES. Gulcjs. Reliq. Anthj. i. 32 i.
And gottthlich under gore. Wi igWs Anecd. Lit. p. 2. The creht that on hK hohnve*,
GOUTOUS. Rich; delicate, especially applied Esa lady of £»u'/it in h«r rechi'8.
WS, Lin&iin A. 1.17, f- 141.
to made dishes. Ord. and Reg. p. 473. '* Luk
ay that he ette no gowttous mette," MS. Med. A lyone tycd till an akc
Line. f. 310. So called probably on account Of ffwljtt and grene. MS. JIM f» i»4,
of rich meats causing that disease. " Gotows GOWST Y. Dreary ; frightful ; ghaatly ; dUiutU
or uncomfortable. North.
mann or womanne,#w#o$M$," Pr. Parv. p. 206. GOWT. A sink; a vault. Wat,
G^/osimnMed. Lat. corresponds to arthriticus.
GOUTS: (1) Drops. Macbeth, ii. ]. There is GOWTE. A swelling. Arch. xxx. 408,
no douht of the correctness of this explana- GOWTONE. To gutter as a candle. <( (Sow-
tion. Gowtyth for droppeth occurs in an tone as candelys/' Pr. Parv.
early English MS. mentioned in Arch. xxx. 40 8. GOXIDE. Yawned; gaped, ftafcr.
(2) The spots on a hawk, an ancient term in fal- GOYSE. Goes. Townelcy Mv,st. ]). 13.
conry. See Diet. Rust, in v.
GOVE. (1) To stare vacantly. North. GOYTE.
GOZELL. The same as or
A guzzle, gate,ditch.
<|."v. " Traptetto,
(2) To make a mow. Tusser, p. 176. This is an- any feme, a passage, a foard, or gozdl over
other form of goaf, q. v. from shore to shore," Florio.
(3) Given. Lydgate. GOZZAN*.
GOVELE. To get money by usury. It is a and wearing.An old wig grown yellow from age
Cornw.
substantive in Digby Myst. p. 191. GOZZARD. A fool Line.
He govelyde godc with alle hys rayght. GBAAL. A large dish, a large hollow basin, fit
H. de Brunne, MS. Bowes, p- fi. for serving up meat The St. Grml ww tbe
GOVERft AILLE. Government; steerage. (A.-N>] in which our Saviour ate the la*t *tip
 413
GEA
GEA
per with his apostles, and is fabled to have responses sung by the choir. " I gowle an ml
been preserved by Joseph of Arimathea. Va- yrayel" Reliq. Antiq. i. 291. " Gradate, a
rious miracles are said to have been performed grale," Nominale MS.fall of hail, just to Cover
GRAILING. A slight
by means of this dish, and it is a frequent
subject of allusion in some of the old ro- the ground. North.
GRAILS. The smaller feathers of a hawk
mances, as an object in search of which nu-
merous knights-errants spent their lives. See Blome.
further in Roquefort. GRAIN. (1) A branch of a tree. Cwrib.
GRAB. To seize, or snatch ; to steal. Also, a (2) To strangle, gripe, or throttle. East.
snap or bite. J7ar. dial, (3) Broken victuals. Somerset.
GRABBLE. To grapple. Devon. "To grabble (5) The
(4) prongcolour
A scarlet of a fork.
used byWest.
dyers. Blount*
or grope a wench," Miege. GRAINED. Grimed ; dirty. Wilts.
CRABBY. Grimy j filthy. Kent.
7RiINED-FORK. A pronged fork. East.
GRAB-STOCK. A young crab-tree, or the cut-
ting of one. Dorset. TRAINEE. Proud ; ill-tempered. Devon. "Stiff,
GRACE. Harde grace, misfortune. somewhat stately,"
DRAINING. The fork Milles MS. North.
of a tree.
GRACE-CUP. A large cup in a monastery or
JRAIN-STAFF. A quarter- staff, with a pair of
college,Seepassed round the table after grace -was short tines at the end which they call grains.
said. Davies' Ancient Rites, 1672, p. 126.
GRACE-OF-GOD. The plant hartshorn. See Dean Milles' MS. Glossary.
Topsell's Foure-footed Beasts, p. 126. JRAITHE. To prepare; to make ready; to
GRACES. Thanks ; gifts. WicWffe. dress. (A.-S.) Still in use in the North, and
GRACE-WIFE. A midwife. Durham. explained in the provincial glossaries, " pre-
GRACIA-DEI, A. medicine so called, described paration readiness
; ; to bring a horse up with
in MS. Med. Line. f. 308. great care ; the trapping of ahorse ; to clothe,
GRACIOUS. Agreeable; graceful. It occurs in or furnish ; to repair; condition ; riches." See
Chaucer and Shakespeare. Arthour and Merlin, p. 175 ; Perceval, 123.
GRACY-DAYS, Daffodils. Devon. Graitfting, clothing, equipment. Grath, speed,
GRADDE. Cried for; cried to, Towneley Myst. p. 32.
And thcnk, as thou hast herd me tellc, Thre score knyghtis of the best
How grace he grwcW^and grace he hacUlc. Graythed wele In grene.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 134.
Gowcr, MS, Budl. 294.
He porveide him of a schip, Bot if thowe graythe thy gcre, the wille greftf happen e,
And over the watcre ladde, Or thowe goo of this greve, for all thy grete wordes.
Everch tyme dalj andnyjt MoHe drthitre, MS. Lincoln, f. 80.
AHe that to him gradde. GRAITHLY. Readily ; speedily. (^f.-5.) It here
MS. Laud. 108, f. 1 I7«
ORADE. Prepared ; got ready. (^.-£) means steadfastly, confidently.
GRADELY. Decently; orderly; moderately It we gvaythely and sothefastly behalde ouresclfc,
Also an adjective. JVor/A. ther es na thynge that we here hafe that we may bi
GRADUATE. A physician. Suffolk. righte calle ours. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17. f. 8.
Bot alway thynke on thy laste ende, for thou crt
GRAF, The depth of a spade's bit in digging. a dedly mane, and ilk a daye, if tliou bohakie
Salop. Hence, to dig. Perhaps from orafe, a
husbandman. Spade-graf, the quantity of stuff ffraythefyfthou, may see thy dead biforeMS.thyne
Ibid.eghiu-.
f. 21.
turned up by the spade at once. Fely* me tjratMy every ylke one,
GRAFER. An engraver. Lydgate. Wright has And se that I have fleche and bone.
grafyng in his Monastic Letters, p. 137. Croft's Excei-pta Antiqvat p. 10(j.
GRAFF. A graft. Also, to graft. See Robin (3RAKE. To crack. Lydgate.
Hood, i. 32 ; Tusser, p. 115. GRAMATOLYS. Smatterers. Sfalton.
To make fhegntffo that hee fro Judas fette,
Fructifye in a pure virgyne. GRAMS. Anger; grief. (A.-S.)
Moradas seyde, hyt ys grete schame
Lydgattt, SfS. 8oc. Anttq, 134, f. 18. On a hors to wreke thy grams.
GRAFFER. A notary. Blount, MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 79
GRAFFBRB. One who grafts. Lydgate. "Wist my lorde of this house,
GRAFFLE, To grapple. Somerset. Wi^h fcrame he wold the grete,
MS. Lincoln A. 1. 17, f. 135.
GRAFMAKERE. A sexton. Withak.
GRAFT. A ditch. Craven. GRAMERCY. Great thanks. (A~N.)
GRAFTED-IN. Begrimed. Devon. G)'aunt-mer<Y, seid than he,
But silver saalt thou DOB gif me.
GRAFTING-TOOL. A long spade used in drain- MS, Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. S3.
ing land. Salop.
GRAG. The neck. Nominate MS. GRAMERY. An grcmwatica, and hence used
GRAID, Of See Grade. " Wde," Trin. Coll. MS generally for abstruse learning.
thir tillage* I haf hear said, GRA.MFEIL A grandfather. West.
W»f Adam cow to-g«dir #ntW. GRAMFER-LONG1EGS, A daddy-longleg*.
Cursor Mvndi, MS. Cott. Ve*p*s. A. 111. f. 6 GRAMME R. A grandmother. West.

(JRAILE. (1) Gravel ; small pebbles. Spenser. GRAMMEKED. Begrimed. Wilts.

the book which contained tfc* GRAMMER'S-PIN. A large pin. Devon.
(2) The name of
 GftA 414 GBA
GRAMPLE. A crab. Skinner. (Fr.) GRAS S -TAB LE. See Earth-table.
GRASS -WIDOW. An unmarried woman who
GRAN ADO. A grenade. Howell.
has had a child, far. dial See ilS. Century
GRANCH. (1) To scrunch. Warw. Book, No. 77.
(2) A grange. Milles' MS. Gloss.
GRAND, Very ; much. Kent. GRAT. (1) Wept. Northuml.
GRANDAM . A grandmother. Far. dial bee (2) Made. Foryarf. Degrevant, 339.
Withals, ed. 1608. p. 140. GRATCHE. A supposed error for graithe in
Part of ancient armour, bee Rom. Rose, 7368.
GRAND ARDE,
GRATE. (1) A fish-hone, (Germ.)
Hall, Henry IV. f. 12. It seems to have been
(2) A grating, or lattice. See Test. Vetust, p.
worn only hy knights when on horseback.
627 ; Davies' Ancient Rites, p. 70 j Death of
Sometimes spelt grand-guard. Robert E. of Huntingdon, p. 27.
GRAN DIE. Grandmother. Nwth.
GRAND-TRICKTRACK. An old game at cards (3) Grateful. JBecm.
mentione d in Poor Robin's Country Vices, 4to. (4) To seize ; to snatch. Devon.
Lond. 1674. (5) Metal worked into steel, as in the making of
weapons, &c.
GRANJG. To groan. North.
Here my trowthe or I be tane, GRATII. Assured; confident. North.
Many of «mr gestis salle gvane. GRATIKG. The act of separating the large from
MS Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 133. small ore. Craven.
GRANEIN. The fork of a tree. Line. GRAT TEN. Stubble. South. Ray says it means
GRANER. A granary. Baret, A. 266. sometimes after-grass.
GRANGE. A farm-house ; a barn, or granary; The north part of Wilts adjoyninp- to Stonebrush
Cotcswold, and is part of Coteswohi, the arable
a small hamlet. In Lincolnshire, a lone farm- & etton-grounds bears an abundance of wylU tan^ie.
house isstill so called.
Aubjey's WUtt, RojwJSw. AfSf. p. 121.
GRANK. To groan; to murmur. SeeTowneley GRATT1CHING. Dung of deer. Cotgrave, in v.
Myst. p. 155. Still in use. Gravity, com- Fumetej Plateaux.
plaining. Brockett,p. 139.
YorfoL More GllAUNDEPOSE. A grampus, SMtlWL,
GRANNEP. A grandmother. G HAUNT. Great. Piers Ploughman, p. 353.
usually called granny.
A snail-shell. C&mb. GEAUNTE. Agreed. " Graunte, seid cure
GRANNY-DOD.
GRANNY-REARED. Spoiled, i. e., brought up kyng," MS. Cantib. H.v. 48, f-48.
GRAUNT-EADER. A grandfather.
by a, grandmother. North. The King pardons that for thy noble graunt-
GRANNY-THREADS. The runners of thecreep- fader, the whiche suffrid trouble for the kynges
ing crow-foot. Craven. moost noble predecesseurs. MS. CM. Arm. L. &.
GRAN ON S. The long hairs growing about the GRAUT. Wort. Yortefa
mouth of a cat. Topsell, p. 104. GRAVE. (1) To dig; to bury. Aor/A. See
GRAN SEE. A grandsire. Towneley Myst. p. Mauadevile, p. 12 ; Sevyn Sages, 18 ; Gy of
172. Still used in Salop. Palsgraye has Warwike, p. 410.
grawntsyre; and grayiiser occurs in tlie (2) A nobleman of the low countries. Hence,
Plumpton Corr. p. 151. Grave Maurice. Grave, a bailiff. Yorteh.
Come hethyr, he seid, and take tip this sak,
And ley it if. fold on thy gravnwr* bale. (3) A potato-hole. Line.
MS. Laud. 416, f. 45. (4) Engraven. Kyng Alisaunder, 3155.
So that my lady therupone,
GRANT. The pudendum muliebre. Hence, to Hath suche a prcnteof love^raw.
prostitute the body. Still in use. Gowtr, MS. SM. Jntiq. 134, f. 4SL
GRAF. (1) A vulture. See Gripe. GRAVELIN. A small migratory fish, about six
(2) An ear of Virginia corn. MS. Lausd. 1033. inches in length, commonly reputed to be the
GRAPE. (1) To grope, or feel. North. spawn of the salmon. See Harrison, p. 224.
(2) A fork with three prongs used for filling GRAVELLED. Vexed; mortified; perplexed.
rough dung. North. Also, buried. North.
GRAPER. The covering for the gripe or han- GRAVER. A sculptor 5 an engraver. See Con-
dle of a lance. Arch, xm 291. stitutions ofMasonry, p. 31.
GRAPINEL. A grappling-iron. (^-JV.) GRAVES. The refuse which remains at the
GRAPLE. A hook; the clasp of a buckle, bottom of the melting pot used in making
Hollyband's Dictionarie, 1593. tallow candles. It is collected and prea&ea
GRAS. Grace. Sevyn Sages, 658. into oblong cakes, which are boiled with water
as food for dogs.
GRASH. To gnash the teeth. See Collier's Old
Ballads, p. 71 ; Topsell's Beasts, p. 126. Also, GRAVE-SPIKE. An instrument u$e4 by sex*
to crush, " Graschede doune crestez," MS. tons in digging graves. W&t.
Morte Arthure, f. 75. GRAVID, Big with child. (Lai.)
GRASIERS. Sheep or other animals when fed GRAVKYNG. Graying ; dawning. Weber.
solely on grass. North. GRAVOWRYS. Engravers. Pr. &
GRASPLIN, Twilight. Devon. GRAVYNGE. Burial. S«e Grow.
GRASS-HE AKTH. A feudal service of a day's Tilie hys grvvynsP it wmyde *lff*tb
plo ogling, Kennett. servese, Jf& l&uxt* A, I* 17- ** ***»
 GUE ;> GRE
GRA\V. The ague. Also, the sensation just GREAT-MEN. An old term for members o<
before the fit. North. parliament and noblemen.
GREAUN. A mouth. Yorksh.
GRAWINGERNE. A piece of iron on a wag- GREAVES. (1) Boots; buskins. North. Iron
gon, formerly used as a drag.
GUAWSOME. Ugly; frightful. North. boots were formerly so called. See Mirr. Mag.
GRAir. (1) Twilight. Kennett. p. 46 ; Blanche's Costume, p. 138.
(2) Griefs ; grievances. Ord. and Reg. p. 159.
('2) A badger. See Hollyband, in v. Blaireau; More usually spelt greves.
Topsell's Four-Footed Beasts, p. 34. Also, the
skin or fur of a badger, as in Lybeaus Dis- (3) Trees ; bough* ; groves. Spenser.
conus, 839 ; Brit. Bibl. ii. 404. GREAZAGATE. A wheedling fawning design-
GRAYEDE. Prepared ; got ready. ing fellow. Yorksh.
Thare of the eile was payede GRECHtJT. Grew angry. Robson, p. 19.
Sone his o^te hase he g> avede ,- GRECK. A dwarf; the smallest of a brood or
He was na thyng affniyede. litter. Yorteh.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 131. GRECYNGES. Steps. Maundevile, p. 220.
GRAYLING. Applied to tapettes for sumptcr GREDE. (1) To cry; to proclaim, (^.-£)
horses, and means that they were cut or Fulle lowde gonne they bloweaud giede.
rounded. Eliz. of York, p. 14. MS. Hart. 2252, f. 97.
GRAYSTE. To gnash, or grind. (2) A greedy person. Chaucer.
\Vhenne Alexander herde this, he biganc to
(3) The lap. Sevyn Sages, 1802. Weber also*
ffratff.tc with the tc the, and to torne hiahede hedir
«nd thetiir, explains it, the " breast of the mantle."
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 42.
(4) A small tub used in washing. Line.
GRAYT1IELYCI1E. Speedily. " And gray 't'fa- GREDEL. A gridiron. See Griddle.
lyche arayedc," MS. Morte Arthure,f. 61. A strong fur he let make andgret,
And a gi edel theropon. sette.
GIUYVEZ." Steel boots. " With grayvez and MS. Coll. Trtn. OjcotL 57.
gobelets," MS. Morte Artlrare,f. 63.
GRAZE. To fatten. Also, to become covered GREE. (1) To agree. North. "Itgreesnot
with growing grass. Norf. well," Collier's Old Ballads, p. 50.
GRE.MS. An ear of com.
Coll. Jes. Oxon. 28." Spica, gre of come," (2) Grace Poems,
Minor ; favour ; p.
pleasure ; will. See Lydgate's
22 ; Maundevile, p. 295 ;
GREABLE. Agreed. See Dial. Croat. Moral. Wright's
to Anec. p. 83.
take kindly. To receive in gre, i. e.,
p, 89 ; and Agreeable.
GREASE. (1) Rancid butter. North. (3) Degree ; the prize. (A.-N.)
Who so evyr wynncth the grc.e
(2) A dim suffusion over the sky, not positive Schnlle wedde hur wyth ryaltfe.
cloudiness. East. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 75.
(3) To grease in the fist, i. e. to bribe. Cotgrave, The doghtty knyght in the grene
in v. Enfonser, Ha.se wonnene thegrie.
(4) The fat of a hare, boar, wolf, fox, marten,
otter, badger, or coney. The season of the GREECE. A step. Harrison, p. 33.
hart and buck was called grease time, be- GREED S. The straw to make manure in a farm-
cause that was the season when they were
yard. Kent.
fat and fit for killing. See Sir H. Dry den's GREEDY. To long for. North.
Twici, p. 25. GREEDY-GUTS. Gluttons. Greedy -founds,
That nane werreye my wylde botte Waynour
hirselvtne, hungry persons. North.
And that in the sesone whenne greeses asslgnyde. GREEK. " Averlan, a good fellow, a mad com-
JMinrte Arthurs > MS. Lincoln, f, 60. panion, merie Greeke, sound drunkard,"
Cotgrave. See Nares, in v.
(5) To graze. Palsgrave. GREEN. Fresh, applied to meat. See Harrison,
GREASY. Foul ; grassy; spoken of fallows or
ploughed ground. Norf. Also, slimy, as some p. 221. According to Pegge, " raw, not done
roads are after rain. enough." In Lincolnshire, coals just put on
GREAT. (1) Intimate; familiar; high in favour; the fire are called green. A young inexperi-
fond ; loving. Far. dial Also an archaism. enced youth is very commonly so denomi-
nated, and Shakespeare uses the term in the
(2) To work by great is to work by quantity in- same sense.
stead ofby the day. See Nomenclator, p. 502 ; For drede and love they hadde for to sene,
Batehelor, p. 134 ; Tnsser, p, 183. By great, So harde assay made on hire age grtfte.
by the gross, wholesale. Lj/dgrte, MS. farijltttiq. f34, f. 7.
GREATEN. To enlarge. Kent. GREEN-BONE. The netiteMfi' North.
GREAT-HARE. A hare in its third year. GREEN-CHEE&E* Oearii-cfceese. Fools and
GREAT-HEARTED, Bold ; magnanimous ; in- children are told that the moon is made of
flexible. Pr. Pant, this material "To make one swallow a
SREATHLY. Handsomely? towardly. In
oreatht well. North* gudgeon, Qr'btiEdftte a lie, and that the moon«
GREAT-JOSEPH. A surtottt. Grose. 'greeUpfe-cheese,*^ Horio", p. 73.
GREBN-DRAO. TheMa^y-fly. North.
GREAT-LIKE. Probably; very likely, tforfr. GREENE-WIKCHARD. A sloven. See th«
Shakespeare has the phrase. ltye of Vacabondes, 1575.
 GUE 416 GUE

GREENHY. The green grosbeak. North. Called GREESINGS. Steps. Latimer. Still in use,
tbe green-olf in Norfolk. pronounced grissms. There is a flight ot
GREEN-FISH. The cod. Coks. stone stairs on the hill at Lincoln called there
GREEN-GOOSE. A young or Midsummer the Grecian stairs, a strange corruption.
goose. A. fair held at Bow, co. Essex, was GREET. Rough stone, generally of a very in-
called Green-goose Fair. It was also a cant ferior kind; a kind of freestone. It is men-
term for a cuckold, and a common woman. tioned byHarrison, pp. 36, 234, 235.
GREFES. Groves ; copses.
GREEN-HAND. One who is green or awkward Forsoraythely thay ruschewith roselde speris,
at any work. Var. dial. That theraskaille was rade, and rane to the prefers.
GREEN-HEW. A certain tribute paid to the Marts Arthur^ MS. Lincoln* f. 83.
lord of the manor in Westmoreland for liberty GREFFB. Sorrow ; anger. " Take no ,$7V^V
of cutting
trees. Kennett. off the boughs or heads of some MS. Ashmole 61, f. 61.
GREG AL. Belonging to a flock ; familiar. See
GREEN-HORN, An inexperienced youth. TopselTs Beasts, p. 710.
Greyn-horne, the name of an ox, occurs in the GREGORIAN. A wig, or head of false hair, of
Towneley Mysteries, p. 8.
GREEN-LAND. Pasture land. South. a peculiar kind, said to have been invented by
GREENLING. Same as Green-fish, q. v. one Gregory, a barber in the Strand, in the
seventeenth century.
GREENLY. Unskilfully. Shak.
GREGORIAN-TREE. The gallows. Grose.
&REEN-MAN, A savage. Strutt describes the GREGORIES. A species of narcissus. West.
green-men of the old shows as '* whimsically GREGS. Wide loose breeches. See Cotgrave,
attired, and disguised with droll masks, hav- in Y, Cfiausse, Grecgues,
ing large staves or clubs headed with cases of GREGYOWS. Greeks. Greats, Weber.
crackers," The term is still retained in the There were Gregyou<s many a womie*
" Theother
Street,of and
sign Green-ma n and Still" in Oxford
places.
Or he hytgate, that were alnne.
MS. Cantab. Pf. ii. 38> f. !£»,
GREEN-MUSTARD. The plant dittander. GREIA. Lees of wine. Nominale MS.
GREEN-PEAK. A woodpecker, line. It GREIDE. Prepared. (X-£)
occurs in Cotgrave, in v. Pic. What art thou ? his fadir seide ;
GREEN-SAUCE. Sour dock or sorrel mixed Sir Esau»thi mete V*ve sr*i<f«,
with vinegar and sugar. North. Cunor Mvndit MS. Coll Trin. Cantab, f. 23
GUEEN-SIDE. Grass; turf. Devon. GRBIDLY. Well-meaning; anything good in its
GREEN-SILVER. It is an ancient custom in kind. North.
the manor of Writtel, co. Essex, that whatever GREIN. Grsin of Paris, grains of Paradise, a
tenant has lus fore-door opening to Green- sort of spice, (-£-#,) See Gy of Warwikt*,
bury, pays a halfpenny yearly to the lord of p. 421. Also simply called greintt.
the manor by the name of green-silver. G-REINB. A year's produce of corn.
Kennett, MS.Lansd, 1033. GREITH. Motion. Hearne,
GREEN-SLEEVES. A very popular tune, pub- GEEITHE. See Graithe; W. Manes, p. 340.
lished in 1580, and frequently alluded to. GREME. To irritate ; to provoke ; to grind the
See Collier's Shakespeare, i. 200. teeth ? to curse. (d.-S.}
GREEN-STONE. A name given to the soft GREMENT. An agreement. Palsgrave.
slaty rocks in the Western counties. Grene- GREMTHE. Anger. Will Werw. p. 75.
stone, in Chaucer, seems to mean stone newly GREN. A gin or snare. See Holinshedt Chron,
hewn. of Scotland, p. 66 j Depos. R. II. p. 1 { ;
GREEN -TAIL. A diarricea in deer, to which Hartshorne's Met. T. p. 122 ; Bent's Path-
they are often subject. North. way to Heaven, p. 258.
GREEN-WAX. Seems to be used for estreats GRENDE. Grinned. Tundale, p. 55. Perhaps
delivered to the sheriffs out of the Exche- it may be explained marled,
quer, under the seal of that court made in GRENE. (1) To roar. Syr Gawayne.
green wax, to be levied in the counties. (2) Sport, or play- Havelok, 906, left uncx
See Blount's Law Diet, in v. plained in glossary.
GREEN- WEED. The dyer's broom. Eaxt. GRENEHED. Childishness. \A.»S.) Grenbrt
GREEOP. Very nearly so. Lane, greenness, Reliq. Antiq. ii. 84.
GREEP. (1) A bunch. Somerset GREOBY. Foul ,•dirty. North.
(2) To grapple, or clutch. J)evon» GREOT. Earth. Piers Ploughman, p. 54 &,
GREES. Steps; stairs. North. " Siste gradum, GREP. (1) A fork. Nortfamd.
abide thor ttiffrees," MS. Egerton 829, f. 79. (2) SeizedThe; griped.
liounww See
was Weber.
ttout and stenw,
"At the greese-foot," Davies, p. 136.
At this temple that I of mene, A gen to Beve* she gan erne,
A greese ther was of steppes fiftene. And be the right leg be him grtf,
Cwtor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab. (. 66, Ase the wolf doth thewrhep,
Bfvet of Hontoun, p* W.
Up at a grass seho hym lade,
To chamblr scho hym hroghte. GRES, Flower; plant; herb; grass- Also,
JfS. Lincoln A. L If tt.l3S. grease/ Arch. xxx. 408.
 417 GRI
GRE
Floures and girses therynne I fond, (2) Griefs. Hall, Henry IV. f. 20.
And ky fouttene therynne goonde. (3) Groves ? Lybeaus Disconus, 551.
Cursor Mundi, MS. ai'. Tt in. Cantab, f. 29. To a cheete foreste they chesene theire wayea,
Son, if every gi-we were a preest, And felede theme so feynte they falle in the gi *ve*.
That growes upon Goddis grounde ; Mm te 4>'tfiure, MS. Lincoln, f 7?
Off this penance that thoirme see&t GREW. (1) A greyhound. North.
Can never make roe unbonde.
MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f- 68. (2) Greek. planatiMaundevile, p. 76. Nares's ex-
on iscertainly wrong.
GRE SCO. A game at cards. Jlorio apparently (3) To adhere firmly. West.
makes it synonymous with hazard, in v. GREW-BITCH. A greyhound bitch. Yorhh.
Attippo, Massdre. Hym thoujt that his grebychelzy hym beayde.
GRESE. Deer or game in grass or grease-time. Chionicon Vilodtin. p. 85.
Ipomydon, 370. GREWEND. Grieving. Arch. xxx. 408.
ORESSES. The jesses of a hawk. See Mar- GREWIN. A greyhound. East. Harrington
lowe's "Works, ii. 38. has it grewnd.
GRESSOP. A grasshopper. It is spelt greshop GREWN. A nose, or snout. North.
in Reliq. Antiq.
Nominale MS. ii. 82. " Cicada^ a grysope," GREY-BEARD. A fine large handsome stone
jar or bottle. North.
GRESYNE. To graze. Prompt. Part). GREY-BEARDS. The seed of the wild vine.
GRET. (1) A snare for hares. Line. GREY-BIRD. The thrush. Devon.
(2) Greeted; accosted. Gawayne. GREY-COAT-PARSON. An impropriator; the
(3) Great ; heavy ; loud. (J.-S.) tenant who hires the tithes.
GRETANDE. Crying ; sorrowing. (J.-S.) GREYGOLE. The bluebell. Dorset.
Dere lady, for the sorowe thou hade whenne thi
sone was loste fra the thre dayes, a«d thou soughte GREY-HEN. The female of the black-cock ; a
hyra with gretand« hert, preye thy sone to gyffe me kind of pear ; a large stone bottle. North.
contrycioune of alle my synnys. GREY-TJNNET. The common linnet. North.
MS. Lincoln A.I. 17,f.l77. GREY-MARE. A wife who rules her husband.
He myjt no longer for sorow staude, Var. dial
But 3edc home ful sore grctand. GREYMIN. A light fall of snow, just enough to
MS. HarL 1701, f. 38. cover the ground. Cumo.
Then kyng Quore, sore gretunde, GREYNE. To grow corn. (4.-N.)
Swere be Mahounde and Termagaunt.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 33, f. 122. And that the londe began to greyne,
Whiche whilom hadde be bareyne.
CRETE. (1) To become big with child. Gene- Cfowe?-, MS. Soc. Antty. 134, f. 1!B.
rally, to be enlarged. Kyng Alisaunder, 452. GREY-RUSSET. Coarse cloth of a dull grey
(2) Much ; many. Weber. colour. See Forby, ii. 141.
(3) To cry, or weep. North. Sometimes used GREY-STONES, Coarse mill-stones used for
for the part. past.
That d&mycelle, that was g<> tnylde,- grinding common meal. North.
So sore had gret for hur chylde. GREYTHE. (1) Same as GraifAe, q.v.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 88, f. 68. (2) Agreeth ; suiteth. SMton.
"Whan hehadde ful long greie, (3)And
Grace
thou; favour.
mayst nat (4.-S.)
love hyra with no yreythe,
And a party therof began lete.
MS. HarL 1701, f.38. But thou have of hym gode fey the.
And the frere ful weyl tharby lete, MS. Karl. 1701, f. 68.
And thanked God, and for joye he grete. GREYVE. Greve; magistrate. (A.-S.)
MS, /Wd.f.69. GRID. To bite sharply. South.
(4) A cry. Still in use. GRIBBLE. A shoot from a tree ; a short cutting
There she fel in suche a frets, from one. West.
That with the tern she wesshe His fete.
GRICE. (1) Same as Grese, q.v.
Cursor Mundi, MS, Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 87-
(2) A young cub, generally applied to the young
(5J The corn. Tristrem, p. 269. of swine. See the Tales of the "Wise Men of
(6) Great men; nobles. Gawayne.
GRETH. Grace ; favour. Sir Cleges, 293, Gotham, p. 22. " Gris, porcel" Reliq. Antiq.
ii. 79. Cf. Yorkshire Dial. p. 42.
GRETINGES. Great things/ (^,-£) GRICHE. To greet, or salute. (A.-S.}
GRETLECH. Greatly. Degrevant, 34. GRIDDLE. A gridiron. West. Also,tobro0.
GRBTTE. Cried; addressed. See Qrete. See early example in v. GredeL
With herte ent«otyf and with hool memorye,
Grette to God and alle hire ful tnynde. GRIDE. Cut ; pricked. " Was sharply gride,"
Lydgate, MS, Sac. Jntiq, 134, f. 1. England's Helicon, ed. 1614.
The lady by the welle hur tett, GRIDELIN. A sort of coloui: composed of white
To Jhecu Cryste core »che grttt*, and red., Naret,
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 84. GRIEFHJLL. Melancholy. Spenser.
GRKTTELI.LICHB. Greatly. WflLWerw. GRIEME. The groin. Florio, p. 254.
GRJBUR. HaiL Arch, xix, S29. GRIEVOUS, Bmigerxras* Pakgrave.
GREVE. To vex» or injure, (A.~N.) GEIP. A &eep valley. North.
GRAVES. (1) Armour for the legs. See Hall, GRIFE. To shed the horns, a term formerly
Henry IV. f. 12 ; Tristrem, p. 374. 27
applied to deer.
 GRI 418 GRI
(4) To shake, or tremble, especially with fear.
GRIFF. A graft. " Grafte or gryffe of a tree," See Chester Plays, i. 70.
Palsgrave. Also, to graft. Gryffar, a grafter,
Pr. Parv. p. 259. Gle ne game ly kes hym nought,
Thetlrye hecalde erthe that kyng, So gretly he gaiie#/#to>.
MS. sttfimole 01, f. 29.
And bad hit p-ifynq fruyt forth bryng.
MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab. H. ili. 8, f. 3, (5) To torment, orteaze; to provoke.
GRIFF-GRAFF. By any means ; by hook or by If you love a wenche wcl, eyther lotide and stillo,
crook. Skinner, Bestkr wcl, butyef hir iioute ; grant hir al hir wcUe;
Be thou noht so hardy hir onis to gnlle.
GRIFFOUNS. Greeks. Welter. MS. Arttnd. Coll. Arm. 27, f. 133.
GRIFFUS. Greaves ; leg-armour. Arch, xvii.
GAIFHOUNDES. Greyhounds. TFe&er. (6) Harm. Erie of Tolous, 279.
GRIFT. Slate pencil. Var.diaL (7) A kind of small fish. Blount.
GRIG. (1) Heath. Salop. Sometimes griglan. GRIM. (T) To grin. Palsgrave.
What advantages then might bee made of some (2) Fury. Ywaine and Gawin, 1G6L Left UP,.
great mosses in Lancabhire and elsewhere, that lye explained by Ritson.
near to coal and limestone, and therefore might well GRIMALKIN. A cat. Par. dial
be spared without making fuell dear, and improved GRIMBLE. To begrime. East.
at a very small charge, and for the present yield GRIMGRIBBER. A lawyer. AUo, the tech-
little or no profit, save some gi'igf; or he^th for sheep. nical jargon used by a lawyer.
Aubrey's Wilts, MS. Rwrtfyc. p. 304. GRIMING. A sprinkling. North.
(2) A cricket, far. dial. GRIMMER. A large pond. Zaxt.
(3) A small eel. Suffolk. GRIMP. See St. Brandan, p. 20, where grymp
(4) A farthing. An old cant term. may be an error for gryp,
(5) To pinch. Somerset. GRIM-SIR. A phrase applied to a proud person
(6) A wag. " As merry as a grig." It is a cor- in any superior oiKce. Skelton terms \Volsoy
ruption of Greek, q. v* " A merry grig, un a grim sir. See Grom (2),
plaisant compagnon," Miege. GRIM-THE-COLLIER. Golden mouse-car. Sec
(7) A short-legged hen. far. dial. Gerard, ed. Johnson, p, 305.
GRIGGLES. Small apples. In some cyder coun- GRIN, Same as Gren, q. v. To grin and abide,
ties, boys who collect these after the prin- i. e. to endure patiently.
cipal ones are gathered, call it griggUng. GRINCH. A small morsel. West,
GRIGINGE. Dawn ; opening ; twilight. GRINCOMES. The toten^mr. An old cant
Thare unbrydilles thels bolde, and bayte* theire horses, term. Webster, iii. 154.
To the grygytoge of the daye, that byrdes gane synge.
Morte Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f. 80. GRINBJB. To pierce through. Lydgate.
GRIHT. Peace. Rttsan. GRINDEL. Wrath; fierce. Gawayw.
GRIKE. A rut ; a crevice. North. GRINDER. To take a yrinder is to apply the
left thumb to the tip of the no.sc, and revolve
GRILICH.
MS. Morte Hideous. Arthure, f." Fulle
65. grylych he iukez," the right hand round it, working an ima-
GRILL. To snarl, or snap. East. ginary coffee-milL It is usually done in cun-
GRILLE. (1) Stern; cruel; horrible ; frightful ; GRINDLE. See APickvick tempt. Papers, p. 318.
small drain. Suffolk
hideous. See Lybeaus Disconus, IS 75 ; Skel-
ton, i. 95 ; Amis and Amiloun, C57. GRINDLE-COtvE. A worn-dowu grindhtonc,
That schall jow lyke non of tho, sometimes used aa a stool in the cottages of
Bot make ^our hertys g> i/ll, the poor. North.
MS.Ashmoleei> f.65. GRINDLE-STONE. A grindstone. A^r/A. $«'<;
Y shal have sum gorte at hym, Cotgrave, in v. Cimoliff Book of Katc^, p. 50.
Be he never so gryi ue grym,
ATS. Ha) 1. 1701, f 37 Gryndylstons, Reliq. Antiq. i, 81. «' ^/tr/a, x
But he was man-Id qf his wilhj, grynstone," MS.
GR1NDLET. Egerton
A drain, 829, f. AW/A.
or ditch. 65.
Ful sone he found yt full grylle. ' GRINDLE-TAIL. A truadletoil dog.
MS. Laud. 416, f. 111).
Sa awefulle thare-to thou salle God see, that thmi GRINING. TUfi growling, or firht approach of
•3,11? be so,fer<te owt of thl tfytte, and to the mouu- an ague fit. (#«&&.
taynes and hilUs thou salle luke and crye with a GRINT. Grit, East. Chaucer lu*»
gtylte voyce. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17. f 242. ground, gnashed with the teeth.
(2)A.rch.
Sharpxxs. ; cutting 350, ; 1.
severe.
32. See " Woundis
W. Mapes, grylle,"
pp. GRIP. (1) A drain, or ditch. J'ar. dial. Also,
any kind of sink.
334, 344.
With a spere icharpe and gi-ilte ^ To bind sheaves. #>*/.
My hert wai woundit with my wille. ) Strength ; power of griping. Abo, to gripf
MS, Cantab Ff. v. 4§3 f. 4S. fast. S>'<! Kobin IItM)d, i U)6 ; Moite d* Ar-
Wyth a spere scharpp, that was f uL. gryUe, thur, L166.
Myn herte was persycl ; hyt was my wylle. GRIPE. (1) A vulture? sometime, a #rirfln, S*-ts
MS. Cwitub. Ft', ii. 38, f. 6. Arch. v. 387 ; Eglanaour, 84 1, H51, H;O, 1010,
^3) Guile ; deceit. 1030, 1035 j MaU>nef8 Shakespotre, xx. 137,
Ther come never man in thys hylle, The &rip« al&obishttf th« bcrv,
Thorow qweyntes nor thoro N & ylte. No bceit wold« to ot here d ere.
MS. Cantab. I f. ii. 38, f. 222, QuvterMw^m. Coll. TVfu. ft****** f.S
 GUI 419 GRO
That gredy Gerarde as &giipe, I gaf hem grith, geid oure kyng,
Now hiswrongis bigonne to ripe. Thorow out alle mery Jnglond.
Cursor Mundi, MS. Ibid, f.7.1. MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 138,
A fpype come in alle hur care, And gif thou have do any trespas,
Hur >onge sone awey he bare. Falle on knees and aske grace,
JUS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. G8. And he wille gif the^-ito.
!A three-pronged dung-fork. North. MS. Ibid f.55.
Thou purchasest us pes atid grvtht
To seize ; to embrace. (A.~S,) So seyth to us the prophete Davyd.
And holde him stille with alle his besy payne, MS.HaiL 1701, f.80.
And grype hem faste with his hondis tweyne.
MS. Cantab. Ff. Ii. 38, f. 19. And that y may wynde hur with,
Into my centre yn pees and grythe.
(4) A kind of small boat. Kennett. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 143.
(5) A handful of anything. " A gripe of corne in GRIZBITE. To gnash the teeth. Glouc.
reaping, or so much hay or eorne as one with GRIZLE. A darkish grey. Devon.
a pitchforke or^hooke can take up at a time," GRIZZLE. To laugh, or grin. West. Also to
Baret, 1580. See Grip (2). complain much or grumble.
GRIPER. An instrument of torture, mentioned
GRIZZLE-DEMUNDY. A stupid fellow always
by Florio, p. 89.
GRIPE'S-EGG. An alchemical vessel in form grinning. Devon. " That laughs at her own
folly which she mistakes for wit/' Dean Milles'
of a vulture's egg. Jonson, iv. 61. MS. Glossary, penes me.
GRIPING-LINE. A line to direct the spade in
cutting grips. West. GRO. A kind of rich fur. See Wright's Lyric
Poetry, p. 26.
GRIPLE. To grasp. " Well griple in his hand," GROAN. Among hunters, the noise made by a
Topseli's Beasts, p. 213. buck at rutting-time. See Gent. Rec. ii. 76.
GRIPPEL. Same as Grip, q. v, GROANDE. Growing. Lydgate.
GR1PPEN. A clenched hand. North. She led hym into a fayre herbere,
GRIPPLE. Greedy; rapacious. See Rowlands' Ther frute groande was gret plente*.
Knave of Clubbs, 1611. Brockett }&&grippy. MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 1 18.
GRIP- YARD. A seat of green turf, supported GROANING. A lying-in. The terms groaning-
by twisted boughs. Forth. cake, groaning-chair, and groaning- cheese y
GRIS. (1) Pigs. See Grice. Not obsolete, as explain themselves as provided for an event of
stated in Pr. Parv. p. 211. See \Vest. and that kind. In MS. Ashrnole 36, 37, f. 232, is
Cuinb. Dial. p. 356. a piece called a " Prep aiation for Groaning."
W> th pry*, and gees, and capouns, GROAT. It is not worth a groat, i. e. of vety
Wych venezon and wyth oyle. small value. Groat may here be put for groot,
MS- Aohmole 33, f. 35.
a very small Dutch coin.
(2) A costly fur, formerly much esteemed. See GROATS. Shelled oats, Var. dial
Ellis, ii. 15 ; Gy of Warwike, p. 421 ; Strutt, GROB. To seek for. Line.
ii. 102; Tyrwhitt, iv. 146.
With ryche robys of grete prys,
GROBBLE. (1) To loiter. Line.
Furryd wele wyth vcrre and gry*. (2) To grovel ; to poke about. Also, to make
MS. Cantab. Ff.ii. 39, f.155. holes. North.
Gye dud hyra bathe full well, GROBIAN. A sloven. Miege.
And clothyd hyra newe every dell GROB MAN. A sea-bream about two thirds
"With ryche robysof verre and grys. grown. Cornw.
Gtty of Warwick t Cambridge MS. GROCER. Originally meant a wholesale mer-
GRISAKD. Grey, See Topsell, p. 34. chant who speculated in various things at
GRISBET. To make a wry face. Somerset. markets and fairs.
GRISELY. Frightful ; ugly. Yorksh.* It is a GROCHE. To murmur ; to grumble. Hence,
common, archaism. grocher, a grumbler. " Murmwrator, a gro-
GRISLED. Grisly ; frightful Grtelich occurs cher," Nominale MS.
in Weber. (./*.-£) GROCK. A very small child. Line.
GRISLY. Speckled, Yorfah. GRODE. To devastate. (A.-S.}
GRISPING. Same as Griginge, q. v. GROFE. Digged. Baber.
GRISSE. A grass, or herb. GROFEN. Grown. Towneley Myst. p. 65.
Tak at the bygynnyng and anoynte the hole with GROFFE. On the groffe, flat on the
bony, and thane take the powdir of a gri&te, that Groflynges, Towneley Myst. p. 40. To lie
mene callis woderofe, and do therco. grubblings, i. e. with the face downwards,
MS. Una. Med, t. 205,
Forby, ii. 143.
GRISSEL. Grisly. Du Bartas, p. 127. fallis,
Than Gawayne gyrde to the gome* and on* the grotfe
GRIST. To gnash the teeth. Wilts.
GRIT. (1) The set-crab. Unc. AUe* his grefe wafl graytbede, his grace was no betty te,
(2) To squeak or grant. M&rte Artfmre, MS. Lincoln, f. 03.
GRITH. Grace ; protection. (A.-S.) GUOFT. Growtli ? produce. East.
The otherc aungete that fel him with. GROFTS. 4 kind of stone for building men-
Which* forsuke Goddes yrtih. tkraedin Arcfcux. 71.
Cursor Mtmdi, MS. Coll. Trin. Can fab. f, 4, GROG. Angry; excited. Line.
 420 GRO
GRO
GROGRAIN. A coarse kind of silk taffety, usu- GROOVES. The turnings \\ithin the hole of a
ally stiffened with gum. See Bonk of Rates, screw-plate, and the like hollows in a screw-
pin, are called the groo\ es. North.
p. *52 ; Harrison's
Cotgrave,in v. Baragant. England, p. 221 ; grogeran, GROPING. (1) A mode of ascertaining whether
GROGfNGE. Grumbling ; murmuring. geese or fowls ha\e eggs. Far. dial.
To tempre his byddynge to obey, (2) A mode of catching trout by tickling them
Witlioutten grogyxge or rebelion. with the hands under rocks or banks. Meas.
Lydgate, MS. Jshmolfi 39, f. 50. for Meas. i. 2.
CROINE. (1) A nose, or snout. North. Chaucer GROPING-IRON. A gouge.
applies it to the snout of a pig. Also, to grunt The gropinff-ire» than spaUe ht*,
as a pig, according to Kennett. Compas, who hath grevyd the ?
( 2) To cut grass. Yorksh.
(3) A hanging lip. Hence, to grumble; to be GROPYS. Chaff of corn. Pr. Parv.
GROS. Feared ; dreaded. Glossed dred.
discontented. (^.-AT.) " A fro-ward look," The Jew tho asswythe aros,
Skinner.
GROING-TIME. The spring. Worth. Hytwasno wundyr thoj h)m prat
J/.V. ll'iri. 1701, f 52
GROLLENG. Wallowing of the stomach. Bat-
man uppon Bartholome, 1582. GROSE-llEE, A hut for geese. AbrM.
GROSERS. Gooseberries. North.
GROM. (1) A forked stick used by thatchers for
carrying bundles of straw. West GROSH. Gross ; fat ; thriving. >orA»A.
(2) Dirty, Also, to soil or make dirty. Sussex. GROSS. (1) Thick soft food, such as porridge.
&c. Devon.
Perhaps we should read jm'rn sir in the follow-
ing passage. See Grim-Sir. (2) Dull ; stupid. Palsgrave.
He was made a minister, and soe withalle became (3) A hawk was said to fly gross, when afiei
a scolmaster and teacher of children. He was a large birds. See Howell.
man of sora fifty years, mean of stature, and a black GROSSET. A groat. Nominate MS.
from bir. XS. Ashtnole 208- GROSSOLITIS. Chrysolites. Stelfon.
GROMALY. The herb gromwell. GROSS-UP. To engross up ; to buy up all the
GROME. A man. SeeChron. Vilodun.p. 111. market. See Pr. Parv. p. 214 ; Kynge Johan>
Hence our modern groom. p, 3, compared with Mark, xiu 40,
CrROMER. A boy, or young grome, q. v. GR.OST. The star-thistle. It is wrongly ex-
GROMYL. The plant gromwell. See MS. Sloane plained in.Arch. xxx. 408.
5, f. 9 ; Wright's Lyric Poetry, p. 27. GROSVAIR. A kind of fur. Strut*, ii. 102.
GRON. Ground, as corn is. West. GROTINBE, Weeping. (^.~£)
GRONDEN. Ground ; beaten ; pounded. GROTONE. To stuff, or surfeit. Pr. Pare.
GRONDESWYLE. The plant groundsel. GROTJDGE. " I groudge as one <loth<i that hath
GRONDY. A grandmother. Cumb.
a groudgyngof the tx.e&tjpfritowif" Palsgrave.
GRONE. To groan ; to grunt. (A.-N.) Gronne, GROULING. The first approach of an ague fit.
grunting, Octovian, 12. See Reliq. Antiq. ii. Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033.
80. Grant, groaned. GROUN. A greyhound. Salop.
GRONY. Grumbling. Pr.Parv, GROUND. (Ij An old musical term for an air on
GROOM-GRUBBER, An officer in the royal which variations and divisions were to/ be
household whose duty it was to see that the made. Nares.
barrels brought into the cellar were tight and (2) The pit of a theatre was formerly so calfocl
full, and to draw out the lees from casks that It was without benches, and on a level with
were nearly empty.
the stage. See Jonson** Bartlt. Fair.
GROOM-PORTER. Anofficer of the royal house- (3) To go to ground, i. c. alvum exoncrare.
hold whose business it was to see the king's Gone to the ground, i. 6. buried.
lodging furnished with tables, chairs, stools, (4) A field, or farm. Also, a plantation of wil-
and firing •, as also to provide cards, dice, &c. lows, &c. West.
and to decide disputes arising at games. For- (5) The bottom or foundation of anything. SM
merly hewas allowed to keep an open gambling MS. Cott. Vespas. D. vii.
table at Christmas. Nares, in v. Loaded dice GROUND-ASH. An ash-sapling of a few years'
were also sometimes called groom-porters. growth. Var, dial.
GROON. See Grone, and Groins. GROUND-BAIT. Theloche. North.
GROOP. A pen for cattle. Also, the place in a GROUND-CAR, A sledge. nre*L
stable where the cows or horses dung. North. GROUN D-t>ICE. Blunt-cornered dice.
GROOT. Dry mud. Devon. GROUNDE. To grant. Arch.xxi.72,
GROOT-KISE. A ridge of eaith, in ploughed GROUND-ELDER, Dwarf-elder. Swth.
land. Bean Milles MS. GROUND-EVIL. The shepherd'* needJe, a
GROOVE. A mine, or shaft. North. "Robert plant mentioned by Gerawt
Rutter was hurt in a groove," Chron. Mirab. GROUND-FIRING. Ttoots of tree* and ta&a*
p. 81. Perhaps, however, the word here given to labourers for fuel.
means a hole from which the mineral has been GROUND-GUDGEON, A small foh,
taken. See Kennett. according
to Forby, the cobitte farfatkto, Linn.
GROOVERS. Miners. North. GROUND-HALE. The herb gromwdi
 GRU
GRO 421
GROUND-ISAAC. The yellow wren. Went. (2) A ditch, or drain. Line.
GROUNDLIER. More profoundly. Grouvdely. (3) A deep pit sunk into the ground to search
State Papers, i. 62. for minerals. North.
GROUNDLING. A person who stood on the GROYED. Grew. See Towneley Myst. p. 12 ;
ground or pit of a theatre. Generally, in con- Ywaine and Gawin, 354.
tempt. Jonson. GROVE-WOOD. Small timber for the use of
GROUND-NEEDLE. A plant, called the Muslced mines to support the roof or sides. North.
Stores Bill in Gerard, p. 796. GROW. (1) To be troubled. North. Also, to
GROUND-RAIN. A plentiful but gradual fall murmur, to repine, to be sulky. Groicht,
of rain, which works its way deep into the Emare, 669.
ground. East. (2) To cultivate anything, far. dial. To grow
GROUNDS. Lees ; sediment. Var. dial. downward, i. e. to get smaller, a common
GROUND-SILL. The threshold of a door. See phrase in the provinces.
Harrison's England, p. 187. (3) To be aguish. Hants.
GROUND-SOP. A sop or sippet by which the GROWBLAR. A digger. Prompt. Parv.
lees or dregs may be soaked up. See Prompt. GROWER. A cultivator. Var. dial See Ord.
Parv. p. 216. and Reg. p. 234.
GROUND-SWEAT. A person some time buried GROWING. (1) A growing day, i. e. a day that
is said to have taken a ground-sweat. East. will make plants grow well. Var. dial
GROUND-TABLE. Same as Earth-table, q. v. (2) The hot fit of an ague. North.
CROUPE. To sculpture or engrave with a fine GROWME. An engine to stretch woollen cloth
gouge. Lydgate. with after it is woven,
GROUPPADE. Explained by Skinner, " a kind GROWN. Said of milk when burnt at the bot-
[of] curvet in horsmanship." tom of the pot. Line.
GROUSOME. Loathsome ; fearful. Cumb. GROWNDENE. Ground ; sharpened.
GROUT. (1) Ground malt. Ray explains it, Alle gletcrande In golcle appone grete stedes,
wort of the last running, and Pegge adds that Towarde the grene worte, that with gioivndene wap' nr>.
Mcrte Arthure, MS. Lincoln, f. 07.
this is drunk only by poor people, who are on
that account called (/routers. Kennett says, GROWNDER. Founder. Tundale, p. 146.
" In Leicestershire, the liquor with malt in- GROWNDISWELIE. Groundsel. Grundmrilic>
fused for ale or beer, before it is fully boiled, Reliq. Antiq. i. 37.
is called grout, and before it is tunned up in GROWNDYNE. Bellowing. Isumhras, 453.
the vessel is called wort. They have in the GROW SOME.Line.Genial, generally applied to *,he
west a thick sort of fat ale which they call weather.
GROWTH-HALFPENNY. A rate so called and
grout-ale." The grout-ale is sweet and medi-
cated with eggs. In Dean Milles MS. Glos- paid in some places for the tithe of every fat
sary, p.136, in my possession, is given the animal. See Jacob, in v.
ROWTNOUL. A blockhead. Wo have al-
best account of grout-ale, — " a kind of ale
different from white ale, known only to the ready had grout-headed. " Growte-uowle,
people about Newton Bussel who keep the come to the king," Promos and Cassandra, p.
method of preparing it as a secret ; it is of a 81. Strange that Nares should have thought
brownish colour. However, I am informed this common word peculiar to Dekker.
by a physician, a native of that place, that the GROWZE. To be chill before the beginning of
preparation is made of malt almost burnt in an ague-fit. North.
an iron pot, mixed with some of the barm ROY. Old; grey-headed. Line.
*hich rises on the first working in the keeve, GROYNE. To lament; to groan. Groyning,
a small quantity of which invigorates the discontent, grunting. Chaucer.
GROYNEDEN. Grinned. Wickliffe.
whole mass, and makes it very heady."
( 2) A masonic process of filling up the interstices IROZEN. A grove. Somerset.
between bricks or stones, by pouring fluid mor- ROZENS. The weed duck's meat. West.
tar, which is the grout, over each course or ROZET-EYES. Goggle-eyes. South.
two to saturation. Hence jocularly applied to iRU. Greek. Warton, i. 74.
one who may happen to take anything fluid \R U B , (1 ) Food ; victuals. Var. dial.
late in a meal Var. awl (2) To grumble. To ride grub, i. e. to be sulky.
(3) To bore with the snout, or dig up like a hog. The grubs bite him hard, i. e. he is sulky.
Yorhh. East,
GROUTED, Begrimed. Var. dial. (3) A little dirty animal, applied also to a child.
GROUT-HEADED. Stupidly noisy. Sussex. Suffolk.
Also, large or great-headed, stupid, (4) Idle, stupid talk, Norf.
GROUTS. Dregs; lees. Var. MaL Thick GRUB-AXE. A routing-axe. Hants. Called
muddy liquor is grouty. grubber in Borio, p. 39.
GRQUZE. To eat ; to devour. Unc. GR0BBLE, To grw about. Coles.
E. (*) To dig. North. We GRUBBY. Poor; shrunken; stunted. Also,
dug, in MS. Cott. Vespas. D. vii. testy, peevish. Went.
dug, Craven Dial. GRUBE. (1) A ditch, or drain. Norf.
 GfiW GUB
422
GRY. To have a slight attack of the agua.
(2) Among cockfighters, to cut the feathers under
the wings of a cock. North.
GRUB-BELLING. -Mling trees by cutting away GRYDERN. A gridiron. Pegge, p. 98.
GRYED. Trembled; was agitated. Gawayne.
aH their roots. East, Also called grub-stub-
bing in Suffolk. GRYFE, To grieve. Hainpolc MS.
GRUBLING-IHON. A gouge. Palsgrave. GRYFFE. The herb dragon-wort.
GRUCCHANDE. Grumbling ; murmuring. GRYLE. Horribly. See Grille.
Thane grevyde syr Gawayne at his grett wordes, GRYNGEN, Grind. Kyng Alls. 4443.
Graythes towarde the gome with gruwhwde herte. GRYNNIES. Snares; gins. Apol Loll.
Moite Ji'thure, MS. Lincoln, f. G7. GRYNSTONE. A grindstone. Pr. Pan.
GRUCHER. A kind of hawk, mentioned in MS. GRYNSTYNG. Gnashing ; grinding. Baler.
Addit. 11579, f. 98. GRYPPES. Snatches ; seizes.
GRUDGING. A feeling, or inclinatio n. A He gryppes hym a grcte spore, mkt graythcly hynte
hittcz
grudging of an ague,i.e. a symptom, Beaumont Thurghe the guttez into the gorre he gyr<le» hyme
and Flet. vi. 34 ; Dr. Dee's Diary, p. 28.
Pollard ; fine bran. North. ewyne. 3/orfe j4rth»ret MS. Unevtn, f. 68*
GRUDGINGS.
GRUE. To pain, or grieve. Line. GRYSE. (1) Grass. Somerset.
Some als grj/se and treez that mene »«e spryngr,
GRUEL. Same as Grudgings, q. v.
GRUFF. A mine. Somerset. Hence gruffer, Has beyng and Iifyng, bot na felyng,
JUS. Lincoln A, i. 17, f- 189.
a miner. See Jennings, p. 41.
GRUFFLE. To growl. Suffolk. (2) To be frightened or terrified.
Whon the comuyne* bijan to ry«e,
GRUFTED. Dirtied; begrimed. Line. Was non so gret lord, a* 1 geae£»
GRUGGE. To grumble. Cov. Myst. p. 228 That thei in herto bijon to^/^w,
And Iciiie her jolyt<5 in prvsse.
GRUM. Angry ; surly. " And so grum," Cot- MS, PV«y», Btxtt* Lib.
ton's Works, ed. 1734, p. 155.
GRUMBLE-GUTS. A grumbling discontented GUYTHGIDB.sore» Troubled ; vexed.
person. Var. dial. Thane syr Gawayne wa* grevede, and grytftgide full*
GRUMMEL. Gronrwell. Reliq. Antiq. i. 52.
GRUMMUT. An ignorant person. South. With Galuthehlsgutfeswente grymlye hestrykw.
MurteJi'thv,:'*, MS. Linoiin, f. 80*
GRUMPH. To growl, or grumble. North.
GRUMPHEY. A species of jostling among GRYZE. To squeeze, or rub. Also, to wear or
schoolboys, in endeavouring to hide anything annoy. Heref. To grind between the teeth.
which one takes from another. North. Glove. Dean Milles* MS.
GRUMPY. Sulky ; surly. Var. dial. GUAGE. To engage. Pateffravp.
GRUMSEL. The dandelion. Devon. GUANO. The dung of sea-fowl, found in large
GRUN. (1) Ground, Var. dial. quantities on some islands on the coast of
Africa, and introduced into this country a few
(2) The upper lip of a beast. North.
GRUNDLIKE. Heartily ; deeply. years ago aa a valuable species of manure.
GRUNDWALLE. A foundation,
Bot for-thi that na were may stand, (Span.) (1) A posture of defence.
GUARD.
Witouten grundwalle to be lastand. (2) Same as Gard, q. v.
MS. Cott. Fespas. A. iii. f. 3. GUARISH. To heal, or cure, fywwr.
GRUNDYNE. Ground; sharpened. "With GTJARY-MIRACLE. A miracle-play formerly
acted in Cornwall, even as late an the seven-
grundyne wapynes," MS. Morte Arthure, f, 68.
GRUNNLESTONE. A grindstone. North. teen century. A specimen of one from the
GRUNNY. The snout of a hog. East. Harl. MSS. has been printed by .Mr. Davies
GRUNSH. To scrunch. Salop. Gilbert. In the following pasnage, the term
GRUNT. To try, or endeavour. West. seems to be applied to the recitation or singing
GRUNTER. A pig, or hog. Var. dial. of a romance.
GRUNTING-CHEAT. A pig. An old cant Thy* y« oa of Brytayne Jay«*»
That vris used by oJdcdaywu
term, given by Dekker.
Men callya playn the #nrys. Rmatc, 1CJS.
GRUNTLE. (1) A muzzle. North.
GUB. (1) A sum of money. Line.
(2) To be sulky. " To powt, lowre, gruntk, or
grow sullen," Cotgrave. A pander, or go-between. #mwi. "
(3) A rough round stoae that wiil not lay regular
' GRUNTLING. A pig. in a wall. OXOH,
But come, my gruntling, when thou art full fed,
Forth to the butchers stall thou must be led. GXJBBAKN. A foul, filthy place; a gutter, or
4B<x>Tcfor Boys and Girls, 1686, p. 32. drain. Wilts.
GRUP. A trench ; a groop, q. v. last. GUBBER. Black mud. Suatex.
GRUSLE. Gristle, Weber. GUBBER-TUSHED. Said of a person whose
GRUT. Grit, or gravel. Medulla MS. Still in teeth project irregularly*
use in Devon. rUBBINGS. Theparmgscrf JwJ»itfin<s.
CRUTCH. To grudge. Also, to grumble. See any kind of fragnoente,
GUBBINS, Auild&orto
Baker's Poems, 1697, p. 78.
G R WE LL. Gruel ; any kind of pappy food. See about Dartmoor. MUle«T
Reliq. Antiq. i, 81. GUBBLE-STONE. Same at
 GUI 423 GUI
GUBBY. A crowd. Devon. bearing for the bed of the waggon when it
GUBERNATION. Rule; government. R, Glouc, locks. Dorset Gl.
p. 583; Hall, Henry V.f. 5. UIDE-STOOP. A guide-post. North.
GUD. Good. Reliq. Antiq. i. 82. GUIDON. A kind of standard. See Holinshed,
GUD-DEVON. Good even. Amadas, 110. Hist. England,!. 29.
GUDDLE. To guzzle. Somerset. IUIDRESSE. A female guide. Nares.
GUDE. To assist ; to do good. East. 1UIE. To guide. Fairfax.
GUDGEN. A cutting of a tree or plant set in GUILE, A guile of liquor, L e. as much as is
the ground. West. brewed at once. North.
GUDGEON. (1) To swallow a gudgeon, i. e. to GUILERY. Deceit. Deri.
be caught or deceived, to be made a fool of. UILE-SHARES. Cheating shares. Kent.
To gape for gudgeons, i. e. to look out for im- UIL-FAT. A wort-tub ; the tub in which the
pos ibilities.gudgeon
A was also a term for a liquor ferments. North.
•UILL. To be dazzled. Chesh.
lie, as appears from Florio, p. 476 ; and, some-
times, joke
a or taunt. UILTY-CUPS. Butter-cups. Devon.
(2) The large pivot of the axis of a wheel. Also, UIMAD. A fish mentioned by Skinner as
a piece of wood used for roofing. North. caught in the river Dee.
GUINEA-HEN. An ancient cant term for a
GUDGEONS. The rings that bear up the rud-
der of a ship. Cotgrave. prostitute. See Othello, i. 3.
GUDGIL-HOLE. A place containing dung, UINIVER. Queen to King Arthur, famous for
water, and any kind of filth. West. her gallantries with Launcelot du Lake, and
GUDLY. Courteous. Gawayne. others. Hence the name was frequently ap-
CUE. A rogue, or sharper. It occurs in the plied to any flighty woman.
1031 cd. of the White Devil. See Webster's GUIPON. Thejupon,orpourpoint. (A.-N.)
Works, i. 81. GUIRDING. A loud crepitu8 ventris.
GUEDE. A mistake in Havelok and other UISERS. Mummers. North.
works for Gnede, q. v. GUISSETTES. In armour, short thigh pieces.
GUEOUT. The gout. Also, a soft damp place See Hall, Henry IV. f. 12.
in a field. Chesh. UITONEN. A vagrant, a term of reproach.
GUERDON. Reward; recompence. Also, to See Middleton, iv. 324.
reward. Guerdonize occurs in Dolarny's UIZENED. (1) Leaky. North.
Frimcrose, 4to. 1606. (2) Strangely and carelessly dressed. Line.
GUERDONLES. Without reward. (A.-N.) ^UIZINNY. Foolishly dressed. Line.
(UIERR. War. State Papers, iii. 141. GULARDOUS. A form of Goliards, q. v.
GUESS. (1) To suppose, or believe. Var. dial. A mynstralle, a gnlai doits,
Comeouystoa bysshope^ hous.
(2) A corruption of guesfs, common in our old MS. Harl. 1701, f. 31.
dramatists and early writers. And therefore I walde that thou war warre ; for I
(3) A term applied to cows when they are dry or say the sykerly that it es a foule lychery for to de-
barren. Kent. Guess-sheep, barren ewes. lyte the in rymmes and »Iyke gvlj^rdy.
GUEST. A ghost, or spectre. North. Any MS. Lincoln A*}. 17, f. 204.
person is called a guest in Craven. GULCH. (1) To swallow greedily- West. Per-
GUESTLINGS. The name of certain meetings haps connected with gulch, wrongly explained
held at the Cinque Ports. by Nares. A gulch is a great fat fellow, as
GUEST-MEAL. A dinner-party. Line. clearly appears from Cotgrave, in v, Bredctilkr,
GUESTN1NG. A hospitable welcome ; a kind
Grand. " Stuffingly, gulchingly," Florio, p.
reception. North. 65. See below in Gulchy.
GUFF. An oaf, or fool. Cumo. (2) To fall heavily. Var. dial. Also a subst.
GUGAW. A ilute. Prompt. Paro. This term A plumpendicular gulch is a sudden, awkward
is probably connected with gem-yaw, q. v. and heavy fall. West.
Blount has, " Gugaw, a Jew's harp, or trifle GULCHY. Coarsely fat. Devon. The term
for children to play with." occurs in Florio, p. 132. Also-, greedy of drink.
GUGE. To judge. This form occurs in Wright's GULDE. Gold. JRitson.
Monastic Letters, p. 133. GULDER. To speak loud and with a dissonant
GUGGLE, (1) To gargle. Wane. voice. Cumb.
(2) To gull, or cheat North. GULE. (1) To laugh, or boast. Hertf. Also, to
(3) A snail-shell, or a snail haying a shell. This
singular word is !n very common use in Ox- grin or sneer.
fordshire and adjoining oonraties, but has never (2) Lammas Day,tlie 1st of Aagnsk
(3) Gluttony. Nominale MS.
yet found a place in prcwineinl glossaries. Thl» vlce^ wbldie so 0wte o£ reule
Cochlea has been suggested to me as itspro- Hath set u* a»e, i» clepid gule.
bable derivation. Q*wer> MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 176.
GUGGLER. A funnel, East. GULES. Red. An heraldic term.
GUIDE RS. The tendons. North. GULF, the stomach, or belly. Middleton hat
GUIDES. The guides of a waggon ate tike arcs tfoe tfrm, but Mr, Dyce, iv. 351, reads gift,
of circles fastened <m the fore-axle as a To gulp,. Q* swallow. Devon.
 GUM 424 GUS
GUMBLE. To fit very badly, and be too large,
GULL. (1) A dupe, or fool. Very common in
the old dramatists. as clothes. Kent.
GUMBLED. Awaking in the morning the eyes
(2) A gosling. Also, the bloom of tlie willow m are said to beyumbled, when not easily opened.
spring. South.
(3) To sweep away by the force of running water.of Moor, p. 158. " Thy eyes are gum'd with
tears," Hawkins, ii. 92. "Her old gummie
Also, a breach or hole so made. A creek eyes," Two Lancashire Lovers, 16-iO, p. 121.
•water, Harrison, p. 59. Gulled, ib. p. 114.
GUMMED. Velvet and taffata were sometimes
(4) A kind of game. Moor, p. 238.
stiffened with gum to make them look shiny or
(5) An unfledged bird. North. Wilhraham says, sit better; but the consequence was that the
p. 44, that all nestling birds in quite an un- stuff, being thus hardened, quickly rubbed and
fledged state are so called in Cheshire. « As
that ungentle gull, the cuckoo's bird," 1 Henry fretted itself out. See Narcs. " Gumm'd vel-
IV. v. 1. There can, I presume, be no doubt vet," Henry
1 IV. ii. 2. " He frets like gumm'd
about the meaning of the word in that passage, taifetyt" Ray's Proverbs, ed. 1813, p. 60.
aud the reader will be somewha t amused at GUMMY. Thick; swollen. North.
GUMP. A foolish fellow. South.
in Knight's
Mr.Timon, ft. 1. note. See also the " naked gull" GUMPTION. Talent. Var. dial
st's GUMPY. Very lumpy. Devon.
To guzzle,
(6)Ireland, or drink rapidly . See Stamhur
p. 16. GUMSHUS. Quarrelsome. East.
(7) A crown. An old cant term. GUN. A large flagon of ale. North. Soa of a
GULLE. Gay; fine. A.-S. gvl? gun, i. e. a merry, jovial, drunken fellow.
The Jewes alle of that gate GUNDE. To reduce to pieces. It occurs in
Wex all fulle guile and grene.
MS, Karl. 4196, f. 2(X>. MS. Cott. Vespas. D. vii.
GUNNER. A shooter, Suffolk. It is in use in
GULLERY, Deceit. " Illusion, a mockerie, or America.
gullerie," Cotgrave. GUNNING-BOAT. A light and narrow boat in
GULLET . (1) A small stream. See Harrison 's which, the fenraen pursue the fiocks of wild
Descr. Britaine, p. 50. From pull, to force fowl along their narrow drains. Also called a
as water does. See Gull (3), and Harrison,
ib. p. 31. The term occurs sometimes in old GUNSTONE. gunning-shout.This term was retained for a
documents apparently in tue sense of por- bullet, after the introduction of iron shot.
tions or parts.
Gonne-stone, Palsgrave.
(2) The arch, of a bridge. Devon.
GUODDED. Spotted ; stained. Weber.
(3) A jack* North. GUODE. Good. Amis and Amil. 16.
GULLET. A large knife. North.
GULL-GROPE RS. Usurers who lend money to GUP. Go up ! An exclamation addressed to a
horse. Var. dial
the gamesters. This term occurs in Dekker's GUR. (I) The matter of metals before it is coa-
Satiro-Mastix.
GULLION. (1) The cholic. East. Gloss. MS. gulated Lansd.
into a metallic
1033. form. Hewlett's MS.
(2) A mean wretch. North,
GULLY. (1) A ravine ; a small gutter ; a ditch ; (2) Green, as a wound is. Line.
a small stream. Var. dial. GURDE. (1) Girt ; girded. Hcarne.
(2) A calf s pluck. North. (2) To strike. Also the part* pa.
Ryjtas gryflbnea on grene they#wrrfirntog«iur,
(3) A hand-barrow* Devon. US, Cott. CM ff. A.U. f.IU
GULLYGUT. A glutton. "A glutton, a gully- A corner of Otuwele*«chi'Ul
gut, a gormand," Florio, p. 147. See also He ffurfo out amSdde the fclde. Otuitt, p. 70.
Baret, 1580, G. 629.
GULLY-HOLE. The mouth of a drain, sink, or GURDS. (1) Fits ; starts. I 'ar. dial
sewer. Norf. Florio, p. 64, has gulfeJiole. (2) Eructations. Somerset.
GURGE. A gulf r or whirlpool (M.)
GULLY-MOUTH. A small pitcher. Devon. GURGEON. A nondescript. L JTij/A/.
GULLY-PIT. A whirlpool. Devon.
GURGEONS. Pollard meal. Sec Harribon, p.
GULOSITY. Greediness. (Lat.) See Dial. Great.
Moral, p. 79. 168 ; Ord. and Reg. p. 60.
GULP. The young of any animal in its softest GURGIPING. Stuffed up and Miff. An ancient
and tenderest state ; a very diminutive person. term in hawking. See Cent Rec. ii. 62.
East. GURGY. An old low hedge. Cernw.
GULPH. A mow, or goaf, q. v. Norf. GURL, Togtowl. Somerset.
GULSH. Mud ; lees j sediment ; any uncleanly GURMOND. A glutton. Mm.
deposit. East. GURNET. A gurnard. W« atve gttrwtde im
Ord-andReg. p,449.
GULSKY. Corpulent and gross. East.
GULT. Injured. Will Weriv. GURRY-BUT. A dung-aledge. 23tw».
GUM. Insolence. Var. dial GURT. ShuHea oate, Florio, pp, &, 67, 72*
GURTJB. Strtwiu EeEq. Aatiq. it 8,
'GUMBALDE. Some dish in cookery.
Tartes of Turky, taste whane theme lykys, GTJRTHELE. A girdk Chawxr.
* graythely fullt; gracious to ta>,te, GUSH. (1) A gust of wind.
JUimte Arthuie, MS. Lincoln, f. 55, (2) To scare or frighten
 GWA 425 GYR
BUSHILL. A gutter. Kenneti, p. 42. GWENDERS. A disagreeable tingling arising
GUSHMENT. Terror; fright. Devon. from cold. Cornw.
GUSS. A girth. Also, to girth. West. GWETHALL. Household stuff. Heref.
GUSSCHELLE. A dish in ancient cookery. GWINRIS. Guides. Wrier.
See MS.SIoane 1201, f. 48. GWODE. A goad. Reliq. Antiq. i. 82.
GUSSETS. Pieces of chain-mail, cut in a tri- GWON. Gone. Still in use.
angular lozenge shape, which were fixed to the GWYLE. A gully, or ravine ; generally applied
liaustment or garment under the armour by to wooded ravines. West.
means of arming-points. MeyricJc. GY. To direct, or rule. See Gie.
GUSSOCK. A strong and sudden gush or gust The prosperity of thys land thus they gy,
of wind. East. Forthewyth togedere al to the daunee.
MS. Cantab. Ff . 1. 6, f. 135
GUSS-WEBB. A woven girdle. Glouc.
GUST. To taste. Shak. GYANE. Gay?Poet. -'Colours
Hist. Dram. ii. 289. gyane," Collier's
GUSTARD. The great bustard. See Holinshed,
Chron. Scotland, p. 15. GYBE. A counterfeit license for begging. See
GUSTRILL. A nasty gutter. Wilts. the Fraternitye of Vacabondes, Lond. 1575.
GYBONN. Gilbert. Pr. Parv.
GUT. (1) A wide ditch, or water-course that
empties itself into the sea ; a bay. Kennett, GYDE. A guide. See Gid.
MS.Lansd. 1033. And I shalbe the munkes#y<fe,
With the myght of mylde Mary.
(2) A very fat man. Var. dial. MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 128.
GUTBELL. The dinner or eating-bell.
GUTH. A girth. Salop. GYDERESSE. A female guide. Chaucer.
GUTLING. A glutton. Craven. GYDERS. Straps to draw together the open
GUT-SCRAPER. A fiddler. Var. dial. parts of armour. Arch. xvii. 292.
GUTTED. Begrimed. Devon. GYDLES. Giddy. Lydgate.
GYE. (lj The name of different weeds growing
GUTTER. (1) The hollow place in a cross-bow
in which the arrow was laid. among corn. East.
(2) A small stream of water deep and narrow. (2) A salt-water ditch. Somerset.
Yorksh. GYFFENE. Given. Perceval, 206, 2150.
GYGE. To creak. Craven.
(3) To devour greedily. Devon.
GUTTERS. Little streaks in the beam of a GYLE. (1) Guile ; deceit. Also, to deceive.
Bot ther was jit gon a gyle. MS. Ashmolc, 61, f. 61.
hart's head. (Fr.} He seyde, welcome alle same,
GUTTER-SLUSH. Kennel dirt. East. He lete hyraselfe then ht> $j/btd.
GUTTER-TILES. Convex tiles made expressly JfS. CimtHb. Ff. ii. 38, f. 78.
for drains or gutters. Many on trowyn on here wylys,
GUTTIDE. Shrove-tide. See Wilbraham, p. And many tymes the pye hem #]/?#«.
44 ; Middleton, ii. 165. MS. Hart. 1701, f. 3.
GUTTLE. To be ravenous. North. (2) Wort. Gyk-tubbe, Unton Invent, p. 3, the
GUTTLE-HEAD. A forgetful, careless, and vessel in which ale is worked, now nearly ob-
thoughtless person. Camb. solete. Generally spelt gail. See gyle/aits,
GUTTONE. To gut an animal. Pr. Parv. in a note in Pr. Parv. p. 274. Gytynghous,
GUWEORN. Spurge. MS. Harl.978. Fmchale Charters.
GUWLZ. Marigolds. This form is from Bat- GYLE-HATHER. Is he that will stand by his
chelor's Orth. Anal. p. 134. master when he is at dinner, and bid him eat
GUY. An effigy carried about by boys on Nov. no raw meat, because he would eat it himself.
Frat. of Vacabondes, 1575.
5th any
to to strange-looking
represent Guy Fawkes. " Hence applied GYLKELADE. A dish in cookery described in
individual.
GUYDEHOME. A guidon, q. v. This form MS. Sloane 1201, f. 53.
occurs in Hall, Henry VII. f. 47. GYLTED. Gilt. Patyrave.
GUYED. Guided; directed. (A^N.) GYME. To girn ; to grin. North.
So of my *cMpgrui/ed h the rothir, GYMELOT. A gimlet. Pr. Parv.
That y ne may erre for wawe ne for wynde. GYMMES. Gems. Kyng Alisaunder,3152.
Ltrdgata, MS, Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 1. GYNFUL. Full of tricks, or contrivances. See
GU YOUR. A glider, or leader. Hearne. Piers Ploughman, p. 186.
GUYTB. A guide. Nominate MS. GYOWNE. Guy, pr. n. See Roquefort, Sup-
OUY2ARDS. Men in disguise. See Dekker's plement in v. Guion.
Knights CJonjuring, p. 54,repr. Dewke Loyer, wyde Oyoume,
GUZZLE. A drain or ditch, South. Some- Why have ye do thys treson ?
times, a small stream. Galled also a yuzzen, MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 182.
" Guzzen-dirt, the stinking dirt of mud-pools GYP. At Cambridge, a college servant is called
in summer," Milles MS. a gyp, said to be from Gr, ytn//.
Tfci« Is all one thing a* if hee should goe about GYRON. A kind of triangle. An heraldic
to JuBsle her into some filthy stinking guzsfa or term. See Test. Vetubt. p. 231.
ditch. WhatelejftBrite Buth, 1683, p. 114. GYRSOM* A line or composition paid before-
GVJAJN. Goin^ North. hand. Durham.
 HAD 426 HAG

GYRTHE. Protection; peace. (r/.-.S.) We wyll telle Blanchpflowre*

If thou here any thondur Of thy gyst\tn andMS thyu honowrc.
Cantab Ff, ii ;?»,
In the moneth of December,
We shal thorow the grace of cure Lorde, GYTELSCHEPPE. Recklessness.
Have pee» and ggrthe goode aconic Wylland, certes, I <iyd it nojte,
MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 4B, f, 0 Bot for gyttlsehefpe of thorite,
-R. dft Brunnc, ITS. J?»u'«*, p. ».
GYST. (1) A joist. Palsgrave. GYTHESB. Guise ; fashion. JR. tie ttrunne.
(2) Gettest. Songs and Carols, x.
GYTRASH, A spirit, or ghost. Crat-nt.
(3) Juice? Nominate MS.
Do hytstampe and take gode wyne, GYVE. (1) This term is occasionally used as a
And take the gystt and put rhcrj,u, \erb,to keep or fetter, but instancusof it in that
And all that therof drynke, sense are not very frequently to be met with.
They schall lernefor to wynke. (2) To banter ; to quiz. Nwih.
MS. Cantab Pf h. 38, f 1J1. GYVES, Fetters. Octovian, 222.
(4) Deed, actiorj, or adventure. UYXVML. A jewel Hub. Glozc. p. 508.

IIABITE. To dwell. Chaucer.

HA. A contraction of have* Sometimes
or hast. Var. dial. HABITUDE. Disposition. Table to the Aca-
HAA. Azure. Antnrs of Arther, p. 1. demy ofComplements, 12mo. 1640.
HABLE. A sea-port, or haven. (J.-.V.)
HAAFURES. Fishermen's lines. North.
HABOT. An abbot. Lydyate,
HAAL. "Whole. Craven.
HAAM. Home. North. This dialect gene- Ala saynt Ambrose sayf«, and wwtynp »t w by *
rally changes o into aa. haly habot that hyghtc Agathoue, that thr<> xere h*
bare a stanein his mouthe to lore hym to haMchym
HA-APE.
HAB. Ta stopa orthing
To obtain keep by
"back. Devon.
hab or nab, i. e.
styjl«« MS. Linrt»/« A L 17, f »4£.
HABUD. Abided j suffered.
by fair means or foul. Hab or nab means
The ho!6 cros wyn or he dye.
properly, rashly, without consideration, " Shot That Crist hatnut on good Prydsy.
hab or nab at randon," Holinshed, Chron.
Ireland, p. 82. See Florio, p. 48 j Cotgrave HABUKDE. Af S. Z)<- WCM 00^, f . 2-).
To abound. Gower.
in v. Conjecturalement, Perdu.
IIABADE. Abode ; stopped ; waited. HABURDEPAY6. Articles of merchandise that
The knyghte no lengare habade, are sold by weight. (A.-N.)
Bot on his waye faste herade. HABURIONE. Same as Haberyeon, q. v.
SfS. Uncoln A. I 17, f. 130 Disdeyne so thyk his habwione hath mayled
And hymselfe and a certane of raenje with hym Of nay desirere that I
may se ryth nowth*.
habccdf, and thare he garte make a citee, and called it 3/S, Cantab. Ft. i.O, f. IS.
A lexander after his awenne name. MS. Ibid. f. 4. HABY. Same as Abie, q. v.
HABBE. Have; hold. (4.-S.) Theknyphto ansuers in hy,
HABBETH. Have. Rob. Glouc. p. 9, Hesallethe barg«ne/i«ftj^/
HABENEIES. Architectural decorations of That did me this vclany.
some kind, but the exact meaning of the term MS. L'n^tn A. L 17, f. 132,
does not appear to be known. It occurs in HAC. But. Hearne's Rob. iihwc.
Chaucer, some copies reading barbicans, HACHE. (1) Pain ; fatigue. (^.-
HABERDASHER. A schoolmaster. North. (2) Hatchet; axe. //«5w.
HABERDINE. Salted cod. In an old register (3) A rack for hay. See Hack.
of Bushey, co. Wilts, it is stated that " Mr. HACHED. « Clothe of silver h<tck<>tl
Gale gave a ffaberdine fish, and half a peck satyn groundc," Wardrobe Ace. Edw. IV. p.
of blue peas, to twenty widows and widowers, 160. The editor supposes this to mean
once a year." See Reports on Charities, xxv, cloth slightly embroidered with silver on a
330; Tusser,p. 61. satin ground.
HABERGEON. A breastplate, generally of HACK. (1) A strong pick-axe, or hoe j a But-
mail or close steel, but sometimes of leather. tock aj spade. Var. dial. See example in v.
Thin Jiabei-ion is thy body fre, For-wroffht.
Thy baner is the rode tre. 3f& Aarlit* 1 1307, f. 6.5.
Sche me fond palfrey and sted, (2) A hatch, or half-door; a rack. Norf,
Skinner gives it as a Lincolnshire wortl
Helme, habyi-ian, and odour wed.
.,. (3) To stammer j to cough faintly and frequently*
to labour severely and iucicftttigtbly j to <shat>
HABID. To abide ,- to wait for. See the se- with a knife ; to break the clodn of earth tft«r
cond example in v. Derne.
HABILITEE. Ability. Chaucer. ploughing. Var. dial. It oecurs in tbt first
sense in Towneley Myst pp. Ill, 116.
HABILLIMENTS. Borders, as of gold, pearl,
&c. in ancient dress. (4) The place whereon bricka newly made are
arranged to dry, JTtftf.
HABITACLE. A dwelling, or habitation. (^.-iV.)
ft is sometimes applied to a niche for a statue. (5) The lights, liver, and heart ofa boar or iw&ie.
What wondir thaune thouj that God by myracle Holme, 1688.
Wlthinne a wayde made his falitoch. (G) A bard-workiog man, SttfbGL
Lydgate, MS, Snc. Anhq, 134, f. L (7) Hack at, to imitate, Y&rtok.
 42;
HAG HAG
(8)Gent.
A place HACQUETON. Same as dc&etoun, q. r.
Rec. where
ii. 62. a hawk's meat was placed. HAD. Hold. Also, have. North.
(91 To hop on one leg. West. HADDEN. Pa. t. pi. of Have.
(10) To chatter with cold. Devon. IIADDER. Heath, or ling. North. See Ho-
(11) A hedge. Line. From the d.-S. linshed, Hist. Scot. p. 95.
(12) To win everything. Cumb. HADE. (1) In mines, the underlay or inclination
HACKANDE. Annoying j troublesome. (A.- of the vejn. North.
HACKBUSH. A heavy hand-gun. (2) A ridge of land. This terra occurs in
HACKED. Chopped, or chapped. North. Drayton's Polyolbion. See Nares.
HACKENAIE. An ambling horse, or pad.
(//.- V.) See Rom. Rose, 1137. HADE*N.
HADFASH. Ugly; untoward.
Plague ; trouble. West.
North.
HACKER. (1) A kind of axe. West. HADING. A sloping vein. Deri.
(2) To stutter; to stammer. Hacker and stam- HAD-I-WIST. That is, had I known the con-
mer, to prevaricate. North. sequences, a common exclamation of those
HACK-HOOK. A crooked bill with a long who repented too late. See dddiwissen;
handle for cutting peas, tares, &c. South. Towneley Myst. p. 100 ; Florio, p. 14. " Had
HACKIB. Sameas£<?jf(2). I wist comes ever to late," Northern Mothers
HACK IN, A pudding made in the maw of Blessing, 1597.
a sheep or hog. It was formerly a standard HADLEYS. Hardly. North. It is occasion-
dish at Christmas, and is mentioned by N. ally pronounced hadlins.
Fairfax, Bulk and Selvedge, 1674, p. 159. HAD-LOONT-REAN. The gutter or division
HACKLE. (1) A straw cone of thatch placed between headlands and others. North.
over a bee-hive. South. The terra seems to be HAET. Has. Frere and the Boy, st. 47. Ex-
applied to any conical covering of hay or straw. plained hot by Meriton.
(2) To shackle beasts. Suffolk. HAFE. Heaved ; raised. (^.-£)
(3) To dress ; to trim up. Yor&sft* Jhesus tho hys hande up hafet
(4) Hair; wool; feathers. Nor fit. And hys blessyng hys modur gafe.
(5) To agree together. Somerset. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 35.
( 6) The mane of a hog. Wilts. HAFER. To stand higgling. Suff.
(7) An instrument with iron teeth for combing HAFE REN. Unsettled ; unsteady. East.
hemp or flax. North. HAFFET. The forehead, or temples. North.
(8) To dig or pull up. Line, II AFFLE. To stammer ; to prevaricate ; to fal-
(0) To make hay into rows. A hackle is a row ter. North. It seems to mean in Cotgrave,
of new-made hay. Qjtfm. in v. Viedazer, to abuse, or make a fool of.
(10) A stickleback. Devon, HAFIR. Oats. It is the translation of avena
HACKLED. Peevish ; crossgrained. North. in NominaleMS.
HACKLES. The long pointed feathers on a HAFLES. Wanting. Towneley Myst. j>. 152.
cock's neck. Far. dial. HAFT. Loose in the haft, i. e. not quite honest.
HACKMAL. A tomtit. Devon.
See Wright's Pol. Songs, p. 339. £y the
HACKNEY. (1) A saddle-horse. West. haft, a common oath.
(2) A common whore. See Cotgrave, in v. Can- HAFTED. A cow is said to be hafred, when,
tonniere, Putain ; Howell, sect, xxii ; Withals, from long retention of milk, the teats have be-
ed. 1608, p. 228. Shakespeare apparently come rigid like the hafts of knives.
uses the word in this sense in Love's Labours H AFTER. A wrangler ; a subtle crafty person.
Lost, iii. 1. This term occurs in Hollyband's Dictkwarie,
HACKNEY-MAN. A person who let out horses 1593; DoctourDoubble Ale, n.d.
for hire. Piers Ploughman, p. 96. HAFTS. Little islands or raised banks in a
HACKNEY-SADDLE. A riding saddle.
pond 01 poolnests.
build their for ducks
Staff.or other "water-fowl to
HACK-PUDDING. A mess made of sheep's
heart, chopped with suet and sweet fruits. HAFVE. Possess; have. (^.-£)
The people used to breakfast on this on Wether sa it be kny th ar knave,
Christmas-day at Whitbeck, co. Cumberland. ]tfy luf sal he ever hafoe.
Gy &f Warwihe, MWdlehilJ MS,
See Jefferson's History and Antiquities of
Allerdale Ward, 1842 ; and BacUn. HAG. (1) The belly. JVcrttiim&,
HACKS. Axes, or hatchets* Meyrick, iii. 45.
HACKSLAVER. A aasty slovenly fellow, both To hew,
(2) Idle back.
chop, orSomerset. / "«r. dial.
(3) disorder,
in worda and action. North, Also, to (4) A certain divisiom of wood intended to be
stammer, or stutter. cut. In England, when & sat of workmen un-
HACKSTER. An haeknied person. dertake to fell a wood, they divide it into
HACKSYLTRESE. AxU4rees> eqnal pwtfoos by cutting off a rod, called a
HACKUM-PLACKUM. Barter. Nort^ hoff-ftqf, tteee or four feet from the grouiui,
HACKY. Artful ;wfety. Nwtfomb. to mark tlie divisions, each, of which is caHed
HACOKY. A hackney, or whore. a hog, and is cojusidered the portion of one
Pet yd ftllc abowte as an Mew? to be hyred. individual A whole fall is called iflag. Tbe
term occurs in Cotgrave, in v. Deyrader. Th«
 HAG 428 HAK
word was also applied to a small wood or in- HAGLER. A bungler. Ver.tKaL
closure. The park at Auckland Castle was HAGMALL. A woman who dresses herself in
a sluttish manner. Somerset.
formerly called tlie Hag. Nares, p. 220, gives
a wrong- explanation. HAGRIDDEN. Entangled. Devon. This and
some few other terras afford curious traces of
(5) A sink or mire in mosses , any broken ground
in a bog. North. See Dugdale's History of old superstitions. The fairy-rings are termed
Imbauking, 1662, p. 292. hag-tracks in Seethe "West of England.
HAG-STAFF. Hag (4).
(6)time.
A -white mist; phosphoric light at night-
North. HAG-THORN. The hawthorn. Devon.
(7) To haggle, or dispute West. HAGUE S. Haws. Craven.
HAG-WORM. A snake. North.
(8)the
To day.
work North.
by the hag, i. e. "by the job, not by HA-HOUSE. A mansion. North.
(9) A AGING.
witch, or Passionate.
fiend. (A.-S.)Devon. HAID-CORN. The plants of wheat in winter.
HAG Northumb.
HAGBERRY. The Prunus padus, a shrub. HAIE. A hedge. Chaucer.
HAGBUSH. See Hackbush. "Caste hag- HAIFER. To labour, or toil. East.
bushes," Hall, 1548, Henry VIII. f. 28. It is HAIGH. To have. North.
sometimes spelt hat/but. HAIHO, The woodpecker. Salop.
HAG-CLOG. A chopping-block. North. HAIKE. An exclamation, generally a signal of
HAGE. Ague ; sickness. Hearne. defiance. North.
HAGGADAY. A kind of wooden latch for a HAIL. ( 1) Health. Rob. Glouc. p. 1 18.
door. Yorksh.
HAGGAGE. A sloven or slattern. Devon. (2) Healthy. " Hail and clear English/' Nath.
Fairfax, Bulk and Selvedge, 1C 74.
HAGGAR. Wild; untamed. YorJcsh. (3) To roar or cry. Somerset.
HAGGARD. (1) A rick-yard. West. This word HAILE. Hauled j drawn. Tusser.
occurs in Holinshed, Conq. Ireland, pp. 44, HAIL-FELLOW. An expression of intimacy.
148, and also in Hall. To be haU fellow well met with every oiic, i. c.
(2) A wild hawk ; one that has preyed for her- to mix in all sorts of inferior society.
self before being taken. Metaphorically, a HAILSEN. To salute ; to embrace. (^-&)
loose woman. HAIL-SHOTS. Small shot for cannon. See
HAGGAR-MAKER'S-SHOP. A public-house. Florio, p. 53 ; Bourne's Inventions, 1578:
HAGGED. Tired; fatigued. North. HA1N. (1) To raise or heighten. East.
HAGGENBAG. Mutton or beef baked or boiled (2) To save ; to preserve. North. Hence, to
in pie-crust. Cornw. exclude cattle from a field so that grm may
HAGGER. To chatter with cold. Wilts. grow for hay.
HAGGIE. To argue. Exmoor. (3) To own, or possess. Line.
HAGGIS. The entrails of a sheep, minced with (4) Malice; hatred. Chesh.
oatmeal, and boiled in the stomach or paunch HAIN1SH. Unpleasant. J&MJC.
of the animal. North. To cool one's haggis, HAIPS. A sloven. Craven.
to beat him soundly. See Florio, p. 65 ; No- HAIR. Grain ; texture ; character. This i& a
menclator, p, 87. common word in old plays. A quibble on it
HAGGISH. An opprobrious epithet for a fe- seems intended in Sir Thomas More, p. 43 ;
male. North. Citye Match, 1C39, p. 51. Affainxt
HAGGISTER. A magpie. Kent. « The eat- against the grain, contrary to nature.
ing of a haggister or pie helpeth one be- HAIRE. Same as Hayre, q. v.
witched/' R. Scot, Discoverie of Witchcraft, HAIREVE. The herb cleaver. Gkuc*
p. 82. SeeMS.Lansd. 1033. HAIRY-LOCKED. Having aide-Iocka.
HAGGLE. (1) To hail. North. IIAISH. The ash. Reliq, Anti<|. ii, 82.
(2) To cut irregularly. North. HAISTER. The fire-place. Sahq).
^3) To tease, or worry. Oxon. HAISTERT. Hoisted about. t'um&
HAGGLER. The upper-servant of a farm. /.
Wight. HAIT. Happy;
HAITCH. joyful.
A slight shower. (.*.-AT.)
HAGGLES. Haws. Males' MS. Gloss. HAITCHY. Misty ; cloudy. SwtA,
HAGGLE-TOOTHED. Snaggle-toothed. Devon. HAITHE.
HAGGY. Applied to the broken or uneven sur- HAIT-WO. ToGoheave to theup.left (^.-Ar.)
1 A word of com-
face of the soil, when in a moist state. Eaxt. mand to horses in a team. A harvest song
HAGH. A hedge. (J.-S.) has the following chorus, " \Vitb a halt, with
Heraud looked under ay hagh,
Ay fair mayden he ther sagh. a ree, with a wo, with a gee I" The expre**
sion is very ancient.
Gy of Ww>wikef Middl&hill MS. HAKASING.
HAGHE. Fear ; tremor. (A.-S.} Tramping about. Line.
HA.GHES. Haws. North. HAKATONE. Same as Mfototw, q. v.
Aftcadart smote Gyono
HAGHTENE. The eighth.
Crete dole forsothe it es to telle, Kf. i., 3V* C.
Oppone the haghtene daye byfelle.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. UW. HAKCHYP. A hatchet JV.
 429
II A L HAL
HAKE. (1) A hook. far. dial. The draught HALF-BAKED. Raw; inexperienced; half.
irons of a plough are the hakes. silly. Var. dial
(2) To sneak, or loiter ahout. North. Also, to HALF-BORD. Sixpence. A cant term.
dally wantonly. HALF-CAPS. Half-bows; slight salntatioiti
(3) A hand-gun. Egerton Papers, p. 1 7. with the cap. Shak.
(4) A hawk. Sir Amadas, 55. HALFENDELE. Half ; the half part. (A.-S.j
HAKED. A large pike. Camlr. In Somerset, a halfendeal garment is one com-
HAKEL. See Brait. It seems to mean clothing, posed oftwo different materials.
He schased the erle in a while
dress, in Warner, p. 97. Mare [then] halfendele a myle.
HAKERE. A quarter of corn. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 131.
HAKERNES. Acorns. Will. AVerw. p. 66.
HALFERS. An exclamation among children
HAKKE. To follow, or run after. (^.-S.) which entitles the utterer to half of anything
HAKKER. To tremble with passion ; to chat- found by his companion, unless the lattei
ter with cold. West.
HAL (1) A fool, Yorfah. previously says, ** No halfers, findce keepee,
(2) All ; hold. Hearnc. loosee seekee," which destroys the claim.
HALF-FACED. Showing only half the face,
(3) Abbreviation for Henry. Obsolete. the rest being concealed by a muffler. See
HAL A. Bashful ; modest. Yorksh. the Puritan, quoted by Nares. Also said of a
HALANTOW. A procession which used to sur- face drawn in profile. Half -face d groats were
vey the parish bounds, singing a song with
that burden, and accompanied with ceremo- those which had the king's face in profile.
HALF-HAMMER. The game of hop, step,
nies, somewhat similar to the Furry-day, q. v. and jump. East.
HALCHE. To loop, or fasten. Gawayne. HALF-KIRTLE. The common dress of courte-
HALCHOO. Same as Hackle, q.v. sans. See 2 Henry IV. v. 4.
HALDE. Kept ; held. Also, a prison, fortress,
or castle. (,rf.-&) HALFLY. Half. Halle's Hisfc. Ex. p. 39.
HALDEN. Held. Chaucer. HALF-MARROW. One' of two boys who ma-
H ALDER. A plough handle. Line. nages atram. North.
HALF-MOON. A periwig. D&Jcer.
HALE. (1) To pull, or draw. West. See the HALF-NAMED. Privately baptized. West.
Assemble' HALF-NOWT. Half-price. North.
Hawkins, ii. 122 ; Hairison, p. 202Tragedy,
of Foules, 151 ; Spanish ap.
; Marlowe, HALF-PACE. A raised floor or platform. See
i. 156, ii. 14 ; Reliq. Antiq. i. 2 ; Brit. Bibl. iv. Ord. and Reg. pp. 341, 356.
93; Stanihurst, p. 11. In early English the HALFPENNY. To have one hand on a half-
word is applied in various ways, but generally penny, tobe cautious, prudent, or attentive to
implying rapid movement. one's interests. North.
(2) Health ; safety. Lydgate. HALF-ROCKED. Silly. Var. dial
(3) Whole ; well ; strong. (//.-£) HALF-SAVED. Half-witted. Heref. The epi-
(4) An iron instrument for hanging a pot over thet half-strained is also common.
the fire. South.
HALF-STREET. A place in Southwark, for-
(5) To pour out. Dorset. merly noted for stews.
(6) Whole; all. Sir Perceval, 2029. "The hale HALFULDELE. Same as Halfendele, q. v.
howndrethe," MS. Morte Arthure. HALIDOM. Holiness ; sanctity ; the sanctuary ;
(7) A tent, or pavilion. " Hale in a felde for a sacrament. Formerly a common oath.
men, tref," Palsgrave. Nares misunderstands Minsheu calls it, « an old word, used by old
the term. " Tabernaculum, a pavilion, tente
or hale," Elyot, 1559. countrywomen
HALIE. To hawlby; tomanner
pull. of(4.-$.)
swearing." "
(8) To vex, or trouble ; to worry. Ball. HALIFAX-GIBBET. An instrument of execu-
(9; To procure by solicitation. North. tion formerly used at Halifax.
(10) A rake with strong teeth for getting loose HALIGH. Holy. This word occurs in MS.
pebbles from brooks. Devon. Cott. Vespas. D. vii. Ps. 4.
HALE-BREDE. A lout ; a lubber. HALING. A pulling. Harrison, p. 184.
HALEGH. A saint. (//.-£) This occurs in H AUNG-WHIP. A flexible whip or rod.
MS. Cott. Vespas. D. vii. Ps, 14. II ALT-PALMER. A palmer-worm. West.
HALELELY. Wholly. See Minot, p. 17. HALIWEY. The balsam tree. See a list of
And whenue the oste had herde thire wordcs, thay
commenedide byra haleiely with a voyce. plants in MS. Sloane 5, f. 3. • The term was
MS. Lincoln A. 1. 17, f* 19. also applied to any remedy against sickness.
HALK. Futuo. MS. Ashmole 208.
HALEN. To hawl, or take, (A.-S.) HALKE. A comer. (A.-S.)
HALES. Plough-handles. Line. And alto thlse fialce erchedekrae that aboute tli»
HALESOME. Wholesome ; healthy* cuntnS walke,
HALE STONE. A flint ; a fire-«tone. North. And maynteylMm &ke preestJU in every hnlJce.
HALE WES. Saints. Beliq. Antiq. I 38. MS. Ashmolt (50, f. 07.
HALEYARDS. Halliards. See Enphttes Gol- HALL. (I) A trammel. Suffolk.
den Legade, ap. Collier, p. 109. (2) A chief house. The manor-house in many
HALF. Half ; part ; side. (^f.-S.) parishes is called the Hall.
 422 GUB
To have a slight attach of the ague.
(2) Among cockfi ghters, to cut the feathers under GRY. North.
the wings of a cock.
GRUB-FELLING. - Felling trees by cutting away GRYDERN. A gridiron. Peggp, p. 98.
all their roots. East. Also called grub-stub- GRYED. Trembled ; was agitated.
king in Suffolk. GRYFE. To grieve. Ham pole MS.
GRUBUNG-IKON. A gouge. Palsgrave. GRYFFE. The herb draircm-wort.
GRUCCH ANDE . Grumbling ; murmuring. GRYLE, Horribly. See Grille.
Thane grevyde syr Gawayne at his grett wordes, GRYNGEN7. Grind. Kyng Alis. 44*3.
Graythes towards the gome with, grucchande herte. GRYNNIES. Snares; gins, dpol LvU*
Morte Arthurs, MS. Lincoln , f. G7.
GRYNSTO^E. A grindstone. Fr. Part*.
GRUCHER, A kind of hawk, mentioned in MS. GRYNSTYNG. Gnashing ; grinding. Bafor.
Addit. 11579, f. 98. GRYPPES. Snatches ; beizes.
GRUDGING. A feeling, or inclination. A He gryppet hym a grtite spcre, mid tirnytholy hyme
grudging- of an agueri.e. a symptom, Beauraont hittez
and Flet. vi. 34 ; Dr. Dee's Diary, p. 28, Thurghe the guttez into the gorre he Ryrilw hyme
GRUDGINGS. Pollard ; fine bran. North. ewyne. Murte Arthare, MS. UrtfQfnt f, W»
GRUE. To pain, or grieve. Line. GRYSE. (1) Grass, Somerset.
GRUEL. Same as Grudging q. v. Some als gryse and treez that men* ucse spryng,
GRUFF. A mine. Somerset, Hence gruffer, Has beyng and lifyng, tot na felyng.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 1«9-
a miner. See Jennings, p. 41.
GRUFFLB. To growl. Suffolk. (2) To be frightened or terrified.
Whon the comuynes bljan to ryse,
GRUFTED. Dirtied ; begrimed. Line. Was non so grct lord, as I gesse,
GRUGGE. To grumble. COY. Myst. p. 228. That thei in herte Dijon tap-pse*
GRUM. Angry; surly. "And so gnun," Cot- And leitie her joiyic In prt-sse.
JW.V. Vemvn> Bodt, Lib,
ton's Works, ed. 1734, p. 155.
GRUMBLE-GUTS. A grumbling discontented GRYTHGIDE. sore, Troubled ; vexed.
person. Var. dial Thane syr Gawayne was grevede, and ffrjlMffM* Jftoll*
GRUMMEL. Gromwell. Reliq. Antiq. i. 52.
GRUMMUT. An ignorant person. South. With Galuthehisgudeswerdegryrnlye he*tryke§.
MorM Aithur*, MS. Lineal*, t. 80.
GRUMPH. To growl, or grumble. North.
GRUMPHEY. A species of jostling among GRYZE. To squeeze, or rub. Also,, to wear or
schoolboys, in endeavouring to hide anything annoy. Jferef. To grind between the teeth.
•which one takes from another. North. Glouc. Dean Milles' MS.
GRUMPY. Sulky; surly. Var. dial GUAGE. To engage. Palspravp.
GRUMSEL. The dandelion. Devon. GUANO. The dung of sea-fowl, found in large
GRUN. (1) Ground, Var. dial. quantities on some islands on the coast of
(2) The upper lip of a beast. North. Africa, and introduced into this country a few
GRUNDLIKE. Heartily ; deeply. years ago aa a valuable species of manure.
GRUNDWALLE. A foundation,
Hot for-thi that na were may stand, GUARD.
(Span.) (1) A posture of defence.
Witouten grundwalle to be lastand. (2) Same as Garti, q. v.
MS. Cott. Vespa*. A. ill. f* 3. GUARISH. To heal, or cure. $/w«w,
GRUNDYNE. Ground ; sharpened. " With GUARY-MIRACJLE. A miracle-play formerly
grundyne wapynes," MS. Morte Arthure, f. 68. acted in Cornwall, even as late as the seven-
GRUNNLESTONE. A grindstone. North. teen century. A specimen of on« from the
GRUNN Y. The snout of a hog. East. Harl. MSS. has been printed by Mr, IHviw
GRUNSH. To scrunch. Salop. Gilbert. In the following passag^ the terra
GRUNT. To try, or endeavour. West. seems to be applied to the recitation or singing
GRUNTER. A pig, or hog. Var. dial of a romance.
GRUNTING-CHEAT. A pig. An old cant Thy* ys on of Bryuyne l*y«,
That was u*ed by okle day**,
term, given by Dekker. Men callyi pluyn th« garj/e. Rmtttf? 1058.
GRUNTLE. (1) A muzzle. North.
GUB. (1) A sum of money, tine.
(2) To be sulky. " To powt, krwre, grwith, or
grow sullen," Cotgrave. (2) A pander, or go-between. Htew.
GRUNTLING. A pig. (3) A rough round stoae that will not lay regular
But come, my gntnttinc, when thou art full fed, in a wall. Qxon.
Forth to the butchers stall thou must be led. GUBBARN. A foul, filthy place ; a glitter, t»r
A Rook for Boy* and GL-ls, 1686, p. 32, drain. Wilts.
GKUP. A trench ; a groop, q. v. East. GUBBER. Black mud, Sumx.
GRUSLE. Gristle. Weber, GUBBER-TUSHED. Said of a pemm wlmac
6RUT. Grit, or gravel Medulla MS. Still in teeth project irregularly,
use in Devon. GUBBINGS.
GRUTCH. To grudge. Also, to grumble, See any kind of fragments,
Baker's Poems, 1697, p. 78. GUBBINS. AwUd8orto
G R W E LL. Gruel ; any kind of pappy food. See about Dartmoor. MUW MS.
Reliq, Atatiq. i, 81. GUBBLE-STOKE. Same u ft** ($).
 GUI 423 GUI
GUBBY. A crowd. Devon. bearing for the bed of the waggon when it
GUBERNATION. Rule; government. R.Glouc. locks. Dorset Gl.
j>. 583; Hall, Henry V.f. 5. GUIDE-STOOP. Aguide-post. North.
GUD. Good. Reliq. Antiq. i. 82. GUIDON. A kind of standard. See Holinshed,
Om-DEVON. Good even. Amadas, 110. Hist. England,!. 29.
GUIDRESSE. A female guide. Nares.
(H'DDLE. To guzzle. Somerset.
GUIE. To guide. Fairfax.
Gt'DE. To assist ; to do good. East. GUILE. A guile of liquor, i. e. as much as is
(iKDGEN. A cutting of a tree or plant set in
the ground. West. brewed at once. North.
GUILERY. Deceit. Derb.
GUDGEON. (1) To swallow a gudgeon, i. e. to
he caught or deceived, to be made a fool of. GUILE-SHARES. Cheating shares. Kent.
GUIL-FAT. A wort-tub ; the tub in which the
To gape for gudgeons, i. e. to look out for im-
pos ibilities.gudgeon
A was also a term for a liquor ferments. North.
GUILL. To be dazzled. Chesh.
lie, as appears from Florio,p. 476 ; and, some-
times, joke
a or taunt. GUILTY-CUPS. Butter-cups. Devon.
(2) The large pivot of the axis of a wheel. Also, GUIMAD. A fish mentioned by Skinner as
a piece of \vood used for roofing. North. caught in the river Dee.
G U DG EONS. The rings that bear up the rud- GUINEA-HEN. An ancient cant term for a
der of a ship. Cotyrave. prostitute. See Othello, i. 3.
GUDGIL-HOLE. A place containing dung, GUINIVER. Queen to King Arthur, famous for
water, and any kind of filth. West. her gallantries with Launcelot du Lake, and
GUDLY. Courteous* Gawayne. others. Hence the name was frequently ap-
GUE. A rogue, or sharper. It occurs in the plied to any flighty woman.
1(531 cd. of the White Devil. See Webster's GUIPON. Thejupon,orpourpoint. (A-N.)
Works, i. 81. GUIRDING. A loud crepitus ventris.
GUEDE. A mistake in Havelok and other GUISE RS. Mummers. North.
works for Gnede, q. v. UISSETTES. In armour, short thigh pieces.
GUEOUT. The gout. Also, a soft damp place See Hall, Henry IV. f. 12.
in a field. Chexk. GUITONEN. A vagrant, a term of reproach.
See Middleton, iv. 324.
Gl'EKDON. Reward; recompence. Also, to GUIZENED. (1) Leaky. North.
reward. Gnwdonize occurs in Dolarny's
Priim'rosp, 4to. 1606. (2) Strangely and carelessly dressed, tine.
GUIZINNY. Foolishly dressed. Line.
(M'ERDONLBS. Without reward. (A.-N.} GULARDOUS. A form of Goliards, q. v.
(U'KRR. War. State Papers, in. 141. A mynstralle, a girtardMts,
GUKSS. (1) To suppose, or believe. Var. dial.
(2) A corruption of guests, common in oar old Come onys to a bysbhope-iMS,hous. Harl. 1701, f. 31.
dramatists and early writers. And therefore I waldc that them war warre ; for I
(3) A terra applied to cows when they are dry or say the sykerly that It es a foule lychery for to de-
barren. Kent. Guess-sheep, barren ewes. lyte the In rymmea and alyke ffitlyardjf.
GUEST. A ghost, or spectre. North. Any MS. Linoftln AJ. 1?, f. S04.
person is called a guest in Craven. GULCIL (1) To swallow greedily. West. Per-
GUESTLIXGS. the name of certain meetings haps connected with ffntoh, wrongly explained
held at the Cinque Ports. by Nares. A gulch is a great fat fellow, as
GUEST-MEAL. A dinner-party. Line. clearly appears from Cotgrave, in V, Bredaitter,
G U ESTN I NO. A hospitable welcome j a kind
Grand. " Stuftingly, gulchingly," Florio, p.
reception. North. 65. See below in Gulchy.
GUFF. An oaf, or fool. Cumo.
(2) To fall heavily. Var. dial Also a subst.
GUGAW. A tlute. Prompt. Paro. This term A plumpendicuiar gulch is a sudden, awkward
is probably connected with gew-gaw, q. v. and heavy Ml. West.
Blount has, *• Gugaw^ a Jew's harp, or trifle GULCHY. Coarsely fat Deton. The term
for children to play with/* occurs in Florio, p. 132. Also, greedy of drink.
GUGE. To judge. This form occurs in Wright's GULDE. Gold. Ritxon.
Monastic Letters, p. 133* GULDER. To speak loud and with a dissonaut
GUGGLE, (1) To gargle. Warw. voice. Cumb.
(2) To gull, or cheat. North. GULE. (1) To laugh, or boast Hertf. Also* to
(3) A snail-shell, or a snail having a shell. This
<2)grin
singular word is In vety common use in Ox- or sneer.
Lammas Day, the 1st ©f Ao#ask
fordshire and adjoining counties, but bas never
(3) Gluttony. Nominate MS.
yet found a place in ptxmweial glossaries. ThU rloe, whiche so oute of reule
Cochin has l>eem suggested to me as itej«i>- Hath set u* alte, i» clepid gule.
bable derivation. Owfff, MS Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 176.
OUCiOLBR. A funnel J$»t GULES. Eext An heraldic term.
OU1DERS. Thetettdcmt. North. GULF, flie stomach, or belly, Middleton hat
0U10BS, The guides of a waggon awtbearca the tftm, but Mr. Dyce, iv. 35l,rea
of circles fastened on the fore-axle as a OULK. To gulp* (Mr s-waliow. Devon,
 GUM 424 GUS
GUMBLE. To fit very badly, and be too large,
GULL. (1) A dupe, or fool. Very common in
the old dramatists. as clothes. Kent.
GUMBLED. Awaking in the morning the eyes
(2) A gosling. Also, the bloom of the willow in are said to be^wwfef, when not easily opened.
spring- South.
(3) To sweep away by the force of running water.of Moor, p. 158. " Thy eyes are gtwfd with
Also, a breach or hole so made. A creek tears," Hawkins, ii. 92. " Her old gumraie
•water, Harrison, p. 59. Gulled, ib. p. 114. eyes," Two Lancashire Lovers, 16 10, p. 121.
(4) A kind of game. Moor, p. 238. GUMMED. Velvet and taffata were sometimes
stiffened with gum to make them look shiny or
($) An unfledged bird. North. Wilbraham says, sit better ; but the consequence was that the
p. 44, that all nestling birds in quite an un- stuff, being thus hardened, quickly rubbed and
fledged state are so called in Cheshire. " As
that ungentle gull, the cuckoo's bird," 1 Henry fretted itself out. SceNarcs. " Gumm'd vel-
IV. v. 1. There can, I presume, be no doubt vet," 1Henry IV* ii. 2. " He frets like gumm'd
about the meaning of the word in that passage, taffety," Ray's Proverbs, etl 1813, p. GO.
and the reader will be somewhat amused at GUMMY. Thick; swollen, North.
GUMP. A foolish fellow. South.
in Knight's
Mr.Timon, note. See also the " naked gull"
ii. 1* GUMPTION. Talent. Var. dial.
(6) To guzzle, or drink rapidly. See Stanihurst s GUMPY. Very lumpy. Devon.
Ireland, p. 16, GUMSHUS. Quarrelsome. East.
(7) A. crown. An old cant term. GUN. A large flagon of ale. North. Sou of a
GULLE. Gay ; fine. A.-S. gyl ? gun, i. e. a merry, jovial, drunken fellow.
The Jewes alle of that gate
GUNDE. To reduce to pieces. It occurs in
Wex all fulle guile and grene.
MS. HarL 419G, f. 206. MS. Cott. Vespas. D. vii.
GUNNER. A shooter, Suffolk. It is in UbC iu
GULLERY* Deceit. " Illusion, a mockerie, or America.
gullerie/' Cotgram GUNNING-BOAT. A light and narrow boat iu
GULLET . (1) A small stream. See Harrison's which the fenmen pursue the flocks of wUtl
Descr. Britaine, p. 50. From gull, to force fowl along their narrow drains. Also called a
as water does. See Gull (3), and Harrison,
ib. p. 31. The term occurs sometimes in old GUNSTONE.
gunning-shout.This term was retained for a
documents apparently in the sense of por- bullet, after the introduction of iron shot,
tions or parts.
Gonne-stone, Palsgrave.
(2) The arch of a bridge. Devon. GUODDED. Spotted j stained. tf>for.
(3)Ajack, North . GUODE. Good, Amis and Am il. 26.
GULLEY. A large knife. North.
GULL-GROPERS. Usurers who lend money to GUP. Go up 1 Au exclamation addressed to a
horse. Var. dial.
the gamesters. This term occurs inDekker's GUR. (1) The matter of metals before it is coa-
Satiro-Mastix.
GULLION. (1) The cholic. East. gulated into a metallic form. Kennctt's MS.
Gloss.MS.Lansd.I033.
(2) A meaa wietch, North.
GULLY. (1) A ravine ; a small gutter ; a ditch ; (2) Green, as a vroond is. Line.
a small stream. Var. dial GURDE. (1) Girt ; girded, Xfcffrn*.
(2) A calf s pluck. North. (2) To strike. Also the part. pa.
Ryjtas gryffcmes on grene they #««*«» togotlur,
(3) A hand-barrow. Devon. Af.V. Cott. Cto%. A. ii. f, IU
GULLYGUT. A glutton. " A glutton, a gully- A, corner of OtuwclwiwhcM
gut, a gormand," Florio, p. 147. See also He gvrde out armddethe fcldo. Otuel, p. 79-
Baret, 1580, G. 629.
GULL Y-HOLE. The mouth of a drain, sink, or GURDS. (1) Fits; starts. Tarsia/.
sewer. Norf. Florio, p. 64, has gulfe-hole. (2) Eructations. Somerset*
GURGE. A gulf, or whirlpool, (fat)
GULLY-MOUTH, A small pitcher. Devon.
GULLY-PIT. A whirlpool. Devon.
GURGEON. A nondescript. J. Wight.
GULOSITY. Greediness. (Lai.) See Dial Great.
GURGEONS. Pollard meal* See Harriwm, j»,
Moral, p. 79. 168 ; Ord. and Reg. p. 60.
GULP. The young of any animal in its softest GURGIPING. Stuffed up and stiff. An ancient
and tenderest state ; a very diminutive person. term in hawking. See Gent. Rt>o. ii, 62.
East. GURGY. An old low hedge. Coniw.
GULPH. A mow, or goaf, q. v. Norf. GURL. TogtowL Somerset.
GULSH. Mud; lees; sediment; any uncleanly GURMOND. A glutton. Nar&.
deposit. East. GURNET. A gurnard. We have ffur*adit ia
GULSKY. Corpulent and gross. East. Ord, and Reg. p» 449.
GULT. Injured. Will. Werw. GURRY-BUT- A dung.ale<%c, Z?««w,
GUM. Insolence. Var. dial GURT. ShuBttl oats. Florio, pp. 5, 67, 7&
GURTE. Strode* Reliq. Antiq. ii. 8,
"GUMBALDE. Some dish in cookery.
Tartes of Turky, taste whane theme lykys, GURTHELE. A girdle- Cte*eer.
G*mbaldt>* gfraythely fullc gracious to ta»te. GUSH. (1) A gjwt of wiwt &*t.
Aloitfi Arthurs, MS. t,ina>tn, f. «. (2) To scare or frighten,
 GWA 425 GYR
BUSHILL. A gutter. Kennett, p. 42. GWENDERS. A disagreeable tingling arising
from cold. Cornw.
GUSHMENT. Terror; fright. Devon.
GUSS. A girth. Also, to girth. West. GWETHALL. Household stuff. Heref.
GUSSCHELLE. A dish in ancient cookery. GWINRIS. Guides. Wrter.
See MS. Sloane 1201, f. 48. GWODE. A goad. Reliq. Antiq. i. 82.
GUSSETS. Pieces of chain-mail, cut in a tri- GWON. Gone. Stiliinuse.
angular lozenge shape, which were fixed to the GWYLE. A gully, or ravine ; generally applied
liaustrnent or garment under the armour by to wooded ravines. West.
means of arming-points. Meyrich. GY. To direct, or rule. See Gie.
GUSSOCK. A strong and sudden gush or gust The prosperity of thys land thus they gy,
of wind. East* Forthewyth togedere al to the daunce.
MS. Cantab. Ff . i. 6, f. 135
GUSS-WEBB. A woven girdle. Glouc.
GUST. To taste. Shak. GYANE. Gay?Poet. -'Colours
CUSTARD. The great bustard. See Holinshed, Hist. Dram. ii. 289. gyane/7 Collier's
Chron. Scotland, p. 15. GYBE. A counterfeit license for begging. See
GUSTRILL. A nasty gutter. Wilts. the Fraternitye of Vacabondes, Lond. 1575.
GYBONN. Gilbert. Pr. Parv.
GUT. (1) A wide ditch, or water-course that
empties itself into the sea ; a bay. Kennett, GYDE. A guide. See Gid.
MS. Lansd. 1033. And I shal be the munkes^yrfff,
With themyght of mylde Mary.
(2) A very fat man. Var. dial MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 128.
GUTBELL. The dinner or eating-bell.
GUTH. A girth. Salop. GYDERESSE. A female guide. Chaucer.
GUTLING. A glutton. Craven. GYDERS. Straps to draw together the open
GUT-SCRAPER. A fiddler. Var. dial. parts of armour. Arch. xvii. 292.
GUTTED. Begrimed. Devon. GYDLES. Giddy. Lydgate.
GUTTER. (1) The hollow place in a cross-bow GYE. (1) The name of different weeds growing
in which the arrow was laid. among corn. East.
(2) A small stream of water deep and narrow. (2) A salt-water ditch. Somerset.
Yorteh. GYFFENE. Given. Perceval, 206, 2150.
GYGE. To creak. Craven.
(3) To devour greedily. Devon.
GUTTERS. Little streaks in the beam of a GYLE. (1) Guile; deceit. Also, to deceive.
Bot ther w,is 31 1 gon a gyle, MS. dahrtmltt 61, f. SI.
hart's head. (Fr.) He seycle, welcome alle same,
GUTTER-SLUSH. Kennel dirt. East.
He lete hymsolfe tlu>n bo gulvd.
GUTTER-TILES. Convex tiles made expressly JfS. Ointab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 78.
for drains or gutters. Many on trowyn on here wylys,
GUTTIDE. Shrove-tide. See WUbraham, p. And many tymes the pye hem #y/j/*.
44; Middleton, ii. 165. MS. tlarl, 1701, f 3.
GUTTLE. To be ravenous. North. (2) Wort. Gyle-fable, Unton Invent, p. 3, the
GUTTLE-HEAD. A forgetful, careles3, and vessel in which ale is worked, now nearly ob-
solete. Generally spelt go.il. See yykfatts^
thoughtless person. ( 'amb, in a note in Pr. Parv. p. 274. Gylynghous,
GUTTONE. To gut an animal. Pr. Parv.
GUWEORN. Spurge. MS. Harl. 978. Finchale Charters.
GUWLZ. Marigolds. This form is from Bat- GYLE-HATHER. Is he that will stand by his
chelor's Orth. Anal. p. 134. master when he is at dinner, and bid him eat
GUY. An effigy carried about by boys on Nov. no raw meat, because he would eat it himself.
5th to represent Guy Fawkes. Hence applied Frat. of Vacabondes, 1575.
to any strange-looking individual. GYLKELABE. A dish in cookery described in
GUYDEHOME. A guidon, q. v. This form MS. Sloane 1201, f. 53.
occurs in Hall, Henry VII. f. 47. GYLTED. Gilt. Palsgrave.
GUYED, Guided; directed. (A.-N.) GYME. To girn ; to grin. North.
So of my «shipg-*W«rf i* the rothir. GYMELOT. A gimlet. Pr. Parv.
That y ne may «rre for wawe ne for wymte* GYMMES. Gems. Kyng Alisaunder, 3152.
legate, MS. $<K. Antiq. 134, f. 1. GYNFUL. Full of tricks, or contrivances. See
GUYOUR. A guider, or leader- Hearne. Piers Ploughman, p. 186.
GUYTE. A guide. Nominate MS. GYOWNE. Guy, pr. n. See Roquefort, Sup-
GUYZARDS. Men in disguise. See Dekker's, plementinv. Guion.
Knights Conjuring, p. 54, repr. Dewke Loyer, ceyde Oymme,
GUZZLE. A drain or ditch. South. Some- Why have y« do thy» tre»on ?
times, a small stream. Catted also a ffuzzen. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 182.
** Guzzen-dirt, the stinking dirt of mad-pools GYP. At Cambridge, a college servant is called
in summer," Milles MS, a gyp, said to be from Gr. yv^.
Hid $tt all one thing «a If he« should goe about GYRON. A kind of triangle. An heraldic
to Jo»I« ber Into wows filthy itlnkJng #«*»/* or term. See Te$t. Vetus»t p. 231.
ditch. WhateleSi Bride Buth, t«43, p. 114. GYRSOM. A nne or composition paid before*
GWAIN. Going, hand. Durham.
 426
HAD HAG
G7RTHE. Protection; peace. (.-/.-.S.) We wyll telle BUmche»flow«»
If thou here any thondur Of thy $i/#?utf and. thyn honowro.
•ITS ftjtrtafc. Ff. II ;JH.
In the moneth of December,
We shal thorow the grace of oure Lorde, GYTBLSCHEPPE. Recklessness
Wylland, certes, I dyd it nojtf ,
Have pee-> and gyttfic goode aconlc
MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 4JJ, f. 9 Bot for gytelscheppe of thOKhu.
JR. rffl Brwwn^, AT.*?, j^r/war, p. 3*
GYST. (1) A joist. Palsgrave. GYTHESE. Guisft ; fashion. R. d? Hrunno,
(2) Gettest. Songs and Carols, x. GYTRASH. A spirit, or ghobt. t Yawn.
(3) Juice ? Nominate MS. GYVE. (1) This term is occasionally used at> a
Do hytsfampe-and take godewyne,
And tateethe gi/$t« and put thcr>«, \erbtto keep or fetter, but instaneebof it in that
And all thattherof drynke, sense are not very frequently to be met with.
They schall lerne for to wynke. (2) To banter; to quiz. JVVM.
MS, Cantab Ff ii. 38, f. 111. GYVES. Fetters. Oetovian, 222.
(4) Deed, action, or adventure. GYWEL A jewel. Hob. Glo-ic. p. 508.

HA. A contraction of have. Sometimes to, IIABITE. To dwell. Chaucer.

or hast. Var. dial HABITUDE. Disposition. Table to the Aca-
HAA. Azure. Antura of Artlier, p. 1. demy of Complements, 12mo. 1640.
HAAFURES. Fishermen's lines. Norlh. HABLE. A sea-port, or haven. (^,-Ar.)
HAAL. Whole, Craven. HABOT. An abbot. Lydyate.
HAAM. Home. North. This dialect gene- Als saynt Ambrose sayre. and wrctynp it *-a bv •
rally changes o Into aa> haly habot that hyghtc Agathone, that thr*' ^ere h«
bare a stane in his mouthe to Icrc Iiym to imhfc hym
HA-APE. To stop or keep hack. Devon. stylle. MS. Lunro/n A i. 1?» f 24»»
HAS. To obtain a thing by hah or nab, i. e. HABUD. Abided ; suffered.
by fair means or foul. Had or nab means The hol<S cros wyn or he dye,
properly, rashly, without consideration, "Shot That Crist h&bvd on good Kryday.
nab or nah at randon," Holinshed, Chron.
Ireland, p. 82. See Florio, p. 48 j Cotgrave HABUNDT3. To abound. Gowtr.
in v. Conjee furalement, Perdu.
H ABADE. Abode ; stopped ; waited. HABURDJBPAYS. Articles of merchandise that
The knyghte no Jengare habads, are sold by weight. (A.-N.}
Bot on his waye faste herade. HABURIONE. Same as Habergeon, q, v.
MS. Lincoln. A.I, 17, f. 130. DIsdeyne so thyk his hafourton* hath mtyled
And hymselfe and a certane of menje with hym Of my desirere that I may *e ryth now the,
fiubade, and thare he garte make a dtee, and called it M& C*nM. Ff. i. 0, f, 13.
Alexander after his awenne name, MS. Ibid. f. 4. I1ABY. Same as Abie, q. v.
HABBE. Have; hold. (4.JS.) Theknyghtcansuers in hy,
HABBETH. Have. Roh. Glouc. p. 9. He salle the barganeA^y,
HABENRIES. Architectural decorations of That did me this volany,
some kind, but the exact meaning of the term MS. Lmnln A* i 17, f. 132.
does not appear to he known, It occurs in FIAC. But. Hearne's Rob. Olouc. p.05a-
Chaucer, some copies reading barbicans. HAGUE. (1) Pain j fatigue, ^^V.)
HABERDASHER. A schoolmaster. North. (2) Hatchet ; axe. Meant?.
HABERDINE. Salted cod. In an old register (3) A rack for hay. See Hart.
of Bushey, co. Wilts, it is stated that « Mr. HACHED. " Clothe of silver /wzMw? nppon
Gale gave a Haberdine fish, and half a peck satyn grounds," \VardrobcAcc. Edw. IV* p.
of blue peas, to twenty widows and widowers, 160. The editor supposes this to mean
once a year." See Reports on Charities, xxv. cloth slightly embroidered witk silver on a
330; Tusscr,p. 6L satin ground.
HABERGEON, A breastplate, generally of HACK. (1) A. strong pick-axe, or fu>e; a R>»t-
mail or close steel, but sometimes of leather. tock ; a spade. Var. dial Sec example in v,
Thin hnberwn is thy body fre,
Thy baner is the rode tre, MS. Mdit. 1 1307, f. 65
Scheme fond palfrey and sted, (2) A hatch, or half-door; a rack. Norft
Helme, habyi'iun, and odour wed.
Skinner gives it as a Lincolnshire wor<t
(3) To stammer ; to cough faintly and frequently
IIA3ID. To abide ; to wait for. See the se- to labour severely and indefatigably j to ch»>p
cond example in v. Verne. with a knife ; to break the doda t>f earth after
HABILITEE. Ability. Chamer. ploughing, Var. dial It occurs m the first
ttABILLIMENTS. Borders, as of gold, pearl, sense in Towneley Myst. p^. HI, H6.
&c. in ancient dress. (4) The place whereon bricka oewly made ar«
KABITACLE. Adwelling,or habitation. (A.-N.} aiTanged to dry. Wwt*
H is sometimes applied to a niche for a statue. (5)Holrae,
The lights, liver, and heart ofaboaror*win«.
1688.
What wondir thanne thouj that God by myracle
Withixme a mayde made his habitacle, (6) A hard-working man.
, MS. floe. Antlq. 134, f. 3. (7) ffacXutf, to imitate !
 427
HAG HAG

(8)Gent.
A place IIACQUETON. Same as Acketoun, q. r.
Rec. -where
ii. 62. a hawk's meat was placed. HAD. Hold. Also, have. North.
(9 "i To hop on one leg. West. HADDEN. Pa. t. pi. of Have.
(10) To chatter with cold. Devon. IIADDER. Heath, or ling. North. See Ho-
(11) A hedge. Line. From the ,4. -S. linshed, Hist. Scot. p. 95.
(12) To win everything. Cumb. HADE. (1) In mines, the underlay or inclination
HACKANDE. Annoying ; troublesome. (^.-£.) of the vein. North.
HACKBUSH. A heavy hand-gun. (2) A ridge of land. This term occurs in
HACKED. Chopped, or chapped. North. Drayton's Polyolbion. See Nares.
HACKENAIE. An ambling horse, or pad. HADEN. Ugly ; untoward. West.
(//.- V.) See Rom. Rose, 1137. HADFASH. Plague; trouble. North.
HACKER. (1) A kind of axe. West. HADING. A sloping vein. Derb.
(2) To stutter ; to stammer. Hacker and stam- HAD-I-WIST. That is, had I known the con-
mer, to prevaricate. North. sequences, a common exclamation of those
IIACK-HoOK. A crooked bill with a long who repented too late. See dddiwissen ;
handle for cutting peas, tares, &c. South. Townelcy Myst. p. 100 ; Florio, p. 14. " Had
HACK IE, Same as Goff (2). I wist comes .ever to late," Northern Mothers
II AC 1C IN. A pudding made in the maw of Blessing, 1597.
a sheep or hog. It was formerly a standard HAD LEYS. Hardly. North. It is occasion-
dWi at Chribtmas, and is mentioned by N. ally pronounced hadlins.
Fairfax, Bulk and Selvedge, 1674, p. 159. HAD-LOONT-REAN. The gutter or division
HACKLE. (1) A straw cone of thatch placed between headlands and others. North.
over a bee-hive. South. The term seems to be HAET. Has. Frere and the Boy, st. 47. Ex-
applied to any conical covering of hay or straw. plained hot by Meriton.
(2) To shackle beasts. Suffolk. HAFE. Heaved; raised. (^.-£)
(,V) To dress ; to trim np. Yorkfik. Jhesus tho hys hande up liafe,
(4) Hair; wool ; feathers. .AV/A. And hys blessyng hys modur gafe.
(5) To agree together. Somerset. 3fS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 35.
(0) The mane of a hog. Wilts. HAFER. To stand higgling. Stiff.
(7) An instrument with iron teeth for combing HAFEREN. Unsettled ; unsteady. East.
hfiup or flax. North. HAFFET. The forehead, or temples. North.
(H) To dig or pull np. Line. HAFFLE. To stammer j to prevaricate ; to fal-
(0) To make hay into rows. A hackle is a row ter. North. It seems to mean in Cotgrave,
of new-made hay. O^on. in v. Viedazer, to abuse, or make a fool of.
(10) A stickleback. Deron, IIAFIR. Oats. It is the translation of avena
HACKLED. Peevish ; crossgrained. North. in NominaleMS.
HACKLES. The long pointed feathers on a HAFLES. Wanting. Towneley Myst. p. 152.
cock's neck. far. dial. HAFT. Loose in the haft, i. e. not quite honest.
HACKMAL. A tomtit Devon.
See Wright's Pol. Songs, p. 359. By the
HACKNEY. (1) A Muldle-horse. West. haft, a common
(2) A common whore. See Cotgrave, in v. Can- HAFTED. A cow oath.
is said to be hafted, when,
torwiffre, Putain ; Howell, sect, xxii ; Withals, from long retention of milk, the teats have b«-
ed. 1608, p. 228. Shakespeare apparently come rigid like the hafts of knives.
uses the word in this sense in Love's Labours H AFTER. A wrangler ; a subtle crafty person.
Lost, iii. 1. This tenu occurs in Hollyband^s Dictionarie,
HACKNEY-MAN. A person who let out horses 1593; DoctourDoubble Ale, n.d.
for hire. Piers Ploughman, p. 96. lIAFfS. Little islands or rai&ed banks in a
HACKNEY-SADDLE. A riding saddle.
for ducks
01 poolnests.
pond their or other water-fowl to
HACK-PUDDING. A mess made of sheep's build Staff.
heart, chopped with suet and sweet fruits. HAFVE. Possess; have. (A.-S.)
The people used to breakfast on this on Wether sa it be kny th or knave,
Christmas-day at Whitbeck, co, Cumberland. My luf sal he ever hafoe.
Gy of WarwVte, MMdiehiU M£
See Jefferson's History and Antiquities of
Allerdale Ward, 1842 ; and Hackin. HAG. (1) The belly. Nertouri*
HACKS. Am, or hatchets. Meyrick, iii. 45. Var^dial
(2) To hew, chop, or hack.
HACKSLAVER. A maty slovenly fellow, both (3) Idle disorder. Somerset,
IB words and action. North. Also, to (4) A certain diviskm of wood intended to be
stammer, or stutter. cut. In England, rckea a set of workmen un-
HACKSTER. An hacknied person* dertake to&l a wood, they divide it into
HACKSYLTRBSE. Axle-tree*. equal posrtpfcB* by* wtfcing off a rod, called a
HACKUM-PLACKUM. Barter.
hag»*tfithe%®** of four feet from the ground,-
HACKY. Artfai; witty. tomaxk divisions, each of which is caHed
H ACOK Y. A hackney, oar whore. 4 hag* and is considered the portion of one
F«(Td alia abowt* at m hacony to be hyred. individual A whole fell is called *flag. The
MS. r,*i«f.4if;ft*f term occurs in Cotgrave, in v. fieffrader. Thi
 HAG 428 HAK
word was also applied to a small wood or in- HAGLER. A bungler. Var.diaL
closure. The park at Auckland Castle was HAGMALL. A woman who dresses herself in
formerly called the Hag. Nares, p. 220, gives a sluttish manner. Somerset.
a wrong explanation. HAGRIDDEN. Entangled. Devon. This and
(5) A sink or mire in. mosses , any broken ground some few other terms afford curious traces of
in a bog. North. See Dugdale's History of old superstitions. The fairy-rings are termed
Imbanking, 1662, p. 292. hag-tracks in the West of England.
HAG-STAFF. See Hag (4).
(6) A white mist; phosphoric light at night-
time. North* HAG-THORN. The hawthorn. Devon.
HAGUE S. Haws. Craven.
(7) To "haggle, or dispute West.
(8) To work by the hag, i. e. by the job, not by HAG-WORM. A snake. North.
the day. North. HA-HOUSE. A mansion. North.
(9) A witch, or fiend. (A.-S.) HAID-CORN.
Northumo. The plants of wheat in winlt*-.
HAGAGING. Passionate. Devon.
HAGBERRY. The Prunus padus, a shrub. HAIE. A hedge. Chaucer.
HAGBUSH. See Hackbush. "Caste hag- HAIFER. To labour, or toiL East.
bushes," Hall, 1548, Henry VIII. f. 28. It is HAIGH. To have. North.
sometimes spelt haybut. HAIHO. The woodpecker* Salop.
HAG-CLOG. A chopping-block. North. HAIKE. An exclamation, generally a signal of
HAGE. Ague j sickness. Bearne. defiance. North.
HAGGADAY. A kind of wooden latch for a HAIL. ( 1) Health. Rob. Glouc. p. 118.
door. Yorksh.
HAG GAGE. A sloven or slattern. Devon. (2) Healthy. " Hail
Fairfax, Bulk and Selvedge, and clear 1CEnglish,"
74. Nath,
HAG GAR. Wild ; untamed. Yorfah. (3) To roar or cry. Somerset,
HAGGARD. (1) A rick-yard. West. This word HAILE. Hauled; drawn. Tusstr.
occurs in HoHnshed, Conq. Ireland, pp. 44: HAIL-FELLOW. An expression of iutun&cy.
148, and also in Hall. To be hail fellow well met •with every o«e, i* e.
(2) A wild hawk ; one that has preyed for her- to mix in all sorts of inferior society.
self before being taken. Metaphorically, a HAILS EN. To salute \ to embrace. (-*.-&>
loose woman. HAIL-SHOTS. Small shot for cannon. Sec
HAGGAR-MAKER'S-SHOP. A public-house. Florio, p. 53; Bourne's Inventions, 1578.
RAGGED. Tired; fatigued. North. HA1N. (1) To raise or heighten. East,
HAGGENBAG. Mutton or beef baked or boiled (2) To save ; to preserve. North. Hence, to
in pie-crust. Cornw. exclude cattle from a field so that grab** may
HAGGER. To chatter with cold. Wilts. grow for hay.
H AGGIE. To argue. Exmoor.
HAGGIS. The entrails of a sheep, minced with (3J To own, or possess. Line.
(4) Malice; hatred. Chesh.
oatmeal, and boiled in the stomach or paunch HAINISH. Unpleasant. JEsse*.
of the animal. North. To cool one's haggis, IIAIPS. A sloven. Craven.
to beat him soundly. See FJorio, p. 65 j No- HAIR. Grain ; texture ; character. This fa a
menclator, p. 87. common word in old plays. A quibble o» it
HAGGISH. An opprobrious epithet for a fe- seems intended in Sir Thomas More, p. 4$;
male. North. Citye Match, 1639, p. 51. Ayain&t Me hair,
HAGGISTER. A magpie. Kent. " The eat- against the grain, contrary to nature,
ing of a haggister or pie helpeth one be- IIAIRE. Same as Hayrs, q. v.
witched," R. Scot, Discoverie of Witchcraft, HAIREVE. The herb cleaver. Glove.
p. 82. See MS. Lansd. 1033. HAIRY-LOCKED. Having side-lock*.
HAGGLE, (1) To hail North. IIAISH. The ash. Reliq. Antiq. IL 82.
(2) To cut irregularly. North. HAISTER. The fire-place. Saty.
\$) To tease, or worry. Oxon, HAISTERT. Hoisted about. Cttmh
HAGGLER. The upper-servant of a farm. /. H AIT. Happy ; joyful. (J.-N.)
Wight. HAITCH. A slight shower.
HAGGLES. Haws. Milles' MS. Gloss. HAITCHY. Misty; cloudy,
HAGGLE-TOOTHED. Snaggle-toothed. Devon. HAITHE. To heave up. (d.~N.)
HAGGY, Applied to the broken or uneven sur- HAIT-WO. Go to the left ! A word of com-
face of the soil, when in a moist state. East. mand to horses in a team. A harvest song
HAGH. A hedge. (A.-S.) has the following chorus, " With A hoit, with
Heraud looked under ay hagh,
Ay fair roayden he ther sagh. a ree, with a w<v, with a gee !" The
GyofWarwifo, MiddlehWMS, sion is very ancient.
HAKASING, Tramping about. Line.
HAGHE. Fear j tremor. (A.-S.)
HASHES, Haws. North. HAKATONE. Same as dckftwn, <j. v.
Ascadart ttnote Gyonc
HiGHTENE. The eighth. Tb<Mt>*re hawberke and k«Xfttt»tw.
Crete dole forsothe it es to telle,
Jtf^Ca^^, rf, li.
Oppone the httghtene daye byfellc.
MS. Lincoln A, L J7, f. II W. HAKCHYP. A hatchet. /V.
 429
II A L HAL
HALF-BAKED. Raw; inexperienced; half,
HAKE.
irons of(1)a Aplough
hook.are Jthe
~ar.hakes.
dial. The draught" silly. Var. dial.
(2) To sneak, or loiter about. North. Also, to HALF-BORD. Sixpence. A cant term.
dally wantonly. HALF-CAPS. Half-bows; slight salutation*
(3) A hand-gun. Egerton Papers, p. 17- with the cap. Shaft.
(4) A hawk. Sir Amadas, 55. HALFENDELE. Half; the half part. (4.-$.,
HAKED. A large pike. Camlr. In Somerset, a halfendeal garment is one com-
HAKEL. See Brait. It seems to mean clothing, posed of two different materials.
He schased the erle in a while
dreaSj in Warner, p. 97.
HAKERE. A quarter of corn. Mare [then] halfondele a myle.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 131,
HAKERNES. Acorns. Will. Werw. p. 66.
HALFERS. An exclamation among children
HAKKE. To follow, or run after. (4.-S.) which entitles the utterer to half of anything
HAKKER. To tremble with passion ; to chat- found by his companion, unless the latter
ter with cold. West.
HAL (1) A fool. Yorksh* previously says, " No halfers, findee keepee,
(2) All ; hold. Hearne. loosee seekee," which destroys the claim.
(3) Abbreviation for Henry. Obsolete. HALF-FACED. Showing only half the face,
HALA. Bashful ; modest. Yorkuh. the rest being concealed by a muffler. See
the Puritan, quoted by Nares. Also said of a
HALANTOW. A procession which used to sur- face drawn in profile. Half -faced groat* were
vey the parish bounds, singing a song with
that burden, and accompanied with ceremo- those which had the king's face in profile.
HALF-HAMMER. The game of hop, step,
nies, somewhat similar to the Furry-day, q. v. and jump. East.
HALCIIE. To loop, or fasten. Qawayne. IIALF-KIRTLE. The common dress of courte-
HALCIIOO. Same as Hackle, q. v. sans. See 2 Henry IV. v. 4.
HALDE. Kept ; held. Also, a prison, fortress,
or castle. (^.-tf.) HALFLY. Half. Halle's Hist. Ex. p. 39.
HALDEN. Held. Chaucer. HALF-MARROW. One' of two boys who ma-
H ALDER. A plough handle. Line. nages atram. North.
HALE. (1) To pull, or draw. West. See the HALF-MOON. A periwig. DekJcer.
Assemble of Foules, 151 ; Spanish Tragedy, ap. HALF-NAMED. Privately baptized. West.
Hawkins, ii. 122 ; Harrison, p. 202 ; Marlowe, HALF-NOWT. Half-price. North.
i. 156, ii. 14 ; Reliq. Antiq. i. 2 ; Brit. Bihl. iv. HALF-PACE. A raised floor or platform. See
Ord. and Reg. pp. 341, 356.
93 ; Stanihurst, p. 11. In early English the HALFPENNY. To have one hand on a half-
word is applied in various ways, but generally penny, tobe cautious, prudent, or attentive to
implying rapid movement. one's interests. North.
(2) Health ; safety. Lydgate. HALF-ROCKED. Silly. Var. dial
h) Whole ; well ; strong. ( //.-£) HALF-SAVED. Half-witted. Heref. The epi-
^4) An iron instrument for hanging a pot over thet half~strained is also common.
the fire. South.
HALF-STREET. A place in Southwark, for-
(5) To pour out. Dorset. merly noted for stews.
(6) Whole; all. Sir Perceval, 2029. "The hale HALFULDELE. Same as Halfendek, q. v.
howndrethe," MS. Morte Arthurc. HALIDOM. Holiness ; sanctity ; the sanctuary ;
(7) A tent, or pavilion, " Hale in a felde for a sacrament. Formerly a common oath.
men, trtf>* Palsgrave. Nares misunderstands Minsheu calls it, lt an old word, used by old
the term. " Ta&ernaculum, a pavilion, tente
or hale," Elyot, 1550. countrywomen
HALIE. To hawlby; tomanner
pull. of(A.-S.)
swearing." *
($} To vex, or trouble ; to worry. Hall. HALIFAX-GIBBET. An instrument of execu-
(9; To procure by solicitation. North. tion formerly used at Halifax.
(10) A rake with strong teeth for getting loose HALIGH. Holy. This word occurs in MS.
pebbles from brooks. Devon. Cott. Vespas. D. vii. Ps. 4.
H ALE-BREDE. A lout ; a lubber. HALING. A pulling. Harrison, p. 1 84.
HALEGH. A saint. (//.-$.) This occurs in HALING-WHIP. A flexible whip or rod.
MS. Colt. Vespas. D. vii. Ps. 14. HALI-PALMER. A palmer-worm. Went.
HALBLELY. HALIWEY. The balsam tree. See a list of
And whetme "Wholly.
the oatehad See
herdeMinot, p. 17.
thire wordcs,thay
caramenadide byra katehly with a voyce. plants in MS. Sloane 5, f. 3. • The term was
MS. Lincoln A. I. J7i- f- 1ft. also applied to any remedy against sickness.
HALK. Futuo. MS, Ashmole 208.
HALEN. To fcawl, or take. (A.-S.) HALKE. A comer. (A.-S.)
HALES. Plough-handles, JUnc. And aUo thise fake erchedekene that aboute th«
HALESOME. Wholesome ; healthy. cuntr6 walke,
HALESTONE. A flint ; a fire-stone. North. And mayttteyneaa falce preesti* in every hatite.
HALEWES. Saints. Keliq. Antiq. i. 38. MS A«hnole 60, f. fl?.
HALEYARDS. Halliards. See Eapbtnes Gol- HALL. (1) A trammel. Suffolk.
den Lega-ie, ap. Collier, p. 109. (2) A chief house. The manor-house in many
HALF* Half; part; side. (^.-5.) parishes is called the Hall.
 430
HAL HAM
(3) A halU a hall! The usual exclamation at HALSENY. Guess ; conjecture. Devon. On*.
ancient masques, &c. to make room for the rally, an evil prediction.
dancers or performers. HALSFANG. The pillory. Btount*
HALLABALOO. A noise, or up i oar. HALSH. To tie ; to fasten ; to knot. North*
HALLACKING-. Idling; feasting; making HALS-MAN. An executioner. "The hal»-
merry. HallacJes. An idle fellow. North. man's sword," Cleaveland Revived, 1660,
HALLAGE. The fee or toll due to the lord of p. 75. (^.-5.)
a fair or market. (Fr.) HALSON. (1) Alvind of hard wood,
H ALL AN. The passage or space between the (2) To promise or bid fair, good, or bad; to
outer and inner door of a cottage ; the parti- predict. Devon.
tion between the passage and the room. HALSTER. He who draws a barge alongside
Hallan-shaker, an impudent presuming beg- a river by a rope. West.
gar. North. HALSUMLY. Comfortably. Gwapis.
HALLANTIDE. All Saints' day. West HALT. (1) A shrub ; a copse. It is» the trans-
HALLE. (1) Well; healthy. See Ball (2). lation ofvirffultum in Nominate MS.
(2) A dwelling, or habitation. (^.-£) (2) Held ; kept. Also, holdetli.
(3) All. Kyng Alisauiider, 2327. For she that halt his Hf &o <lere
(4) A plough-handle. Devon. HJs modir is, withouten were.
Cursor Mttndl, MS. Cull. Tfi». Otni&ti. f. 53.
HALLE-E'EK. All Hallow even. North.
HALLESYN. To kiss, or embrace. Pr. Parv. (3) A strong hamper, such as is used with a
HALLIBASH. A great blaze. North. pack-saddle. North.
H ALLIE R. A student in a hall at Oxford. S ee (4) Animal deposit. Somerset.
Harrison's England, p. 152. HALTE. To go lamely. (^.-*V«) Also an
HALLING. (1) Trying to see if geese or ducks adjective, lame.
be with egg. Devon. HALTEHPATH. A bridle-way. Dorset.
(2) Tapestry. See Wartoo, iL 377. HALTERSACK. A term of reproach, inti-
HALLION. A reprobate, borth. mating that a person is fit for the gallows.
HALL-NIGHT. Shrove Tuesday evening. The " A knavish lad, a slie wag, a hettterfapW
previous Sunday is sometimes called Hall- Fiona, p. 81.
Sunday. Devon. I1ALVANS. Inferior ore. North.
HALLO WDAY. A holiday. East. HALVENDBLE. Same as tialfendele, <j. v.
HALLOWMASS. The feast of All Saints. Her ys iheheili'ynd<tll(*f our ge,<t«;
Halowe Thursdays, Holy Thursday. God save us, rnest and leat.
To see hys nobulle and ryalle arraye MS.4mndel, Cult, dnn. S2, f. 4.
la Rome on Halowe Thursdays. HAL WE. To hallow, or consecrmo. {A*-S,}
MS. Cantab. Ff. iL 38, f. 242. HAL WEN. Saints. Auchmleck MS.
HALLY. Wholly, Gower. HALWETHURS. Holy Thursday,
Thane they holde at his heste Imlly at ones. HALWYS. Sides. Arch. xxx. 408,
MorteAtthwe, MS. Lincoln, f.98. HALY. Hated. Prompt. Parv.
HALM. Handle. Gawayne. HALZEN. The same as Halxon, q, v.
HALMOT- COURT. The court of a copyhold HAL3EN. Saints. MS. Arundd 57, t 04.
manor ; a court baron. A orth. " H olden his
HAM. (1) Them. Weber's Met. Rom.
halymotes," i. e. his courts, Wright's Pol. (2) A rich level pasture. West. A plot of
Songs, p. 154. ground near a river.
HALOGHE. A saint, or holy one. (yf.-5.) HAMBERWES. Horse collars. Nominate MS.
Thou sal noght leve my saule in helle, ne thou sail Kennett has hamervughs.
noght gife thi halogM to se corrupcloun. HAMBURGHES. The arm-holes, line.
MS Coll. Eton 10, f. S3.
Alle thft httlowes that are in hevene, HAMBYR. A hammer. Pr, Parv.
And angels ma than manne kanne nevene. HAMCH. The hip-joint Nvrthumb*
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 142. HAME. (1) Home. Still in u»e.
HALF ACE. A raised floor, or stage j the dais (2) Skin. Kyug Alia&under, 391.
of a hall. It is spelt hautepace in Hall, HAMElu To walk lame. To hamel dogs, to
Henry VIII. f, 65 ; Ord. and Reg. p. 153. lame them by cutting their hams or houghs.
HALPE. Helped. Chaucer. North. See Troilus and Creseide, ii 964t
He hewe on ther bodyes bolde, " o fote is hameled of tby sorowe."
Hys hownde halpe hytn at nede. HAMELESSE. Hamlets. Ltngtoft, p. 32L
MS. Cantab. Ff. H. 38, f . 73. HAMELIN. Limping; walking Tame. jYorM,
HALPED. Crippled. L Wight. HAMES. Pieces of wood on the collar of (tb«
HALPOWRTH. A halfpennyworth. horse to which the traces are fixed, / cr. dial*
HALS. The neck; the throat. (A-S.) HAM-FLEETS. A sort of cloth bwkfm to
Foure fendisse heals, defend the legs from dirt. Clow?,
Hongyngfast aboute hir hals. HAMIL. A handle. Somerset.
HAMINE. To aim at anything, to fait it*
. (1) Hazel Somerset.
(2) To wtlute j to embrace. (4,-S.) Lydgate* A pudding made upon
HAMKIN.
 HAN 431 HAN
of a shoulder of mutton, all the flesh being or destroy. To le on the mending hand, ta
first taken off. Devon. be in a state of convalescence. To ham the
HAMLEN. To tie, or attach. (A.-S.) hand in, to be accustomed to business. To
HAMLET. A high constable. Grose. swap even hands, to exchange without advan-
HAMLING. The operation of cutting the balls tage. He's any hand afore, ready and pre-
out of the feet of dogs. pared for any undertaking. To hand with, to
HAMMARTWARD. Homeward. See the cooperate with.
Chron. Vilodun. p. 96. Hammard occurs in (2) To sign. East. My own hand copy, i. e.
Sir Degrevant, 1233. my autograph copy.
HAMMER. To stammer. Also, to work or (3) The shoulder-joint of a hog, cut without the
labour, Var. dial. The hammer of death, blade-bone. Suf.
i. e., a fist. Hammer and pincers, the noise (4) A bunch of radishes. Camlr.
made by a horse when he strikes the hind- (5) Performance. Also, a doer or workman in
foot against the fore-foot. To live hammer any business or work.
and tongs, to agree very badly. HAND- BALL. Stowe mentions a custom of
HAMMER-AXE. An instrument having a playing at hand-ball on Easter-day for a tansy-
hammer on one side of the handle, and an axe cake, the winning of which depended chiefly
on the other. North. upon swiftness of foot. Survey of London,
HAMMER-DRESSED, Said of stone hewn ed. 1720, b. i. p. 251.
with a pick, or pointed hammer. And belyfe he gerte write a lettre, and sent it tille
HAMMER-SCAPPLE. A miser. North. Alexander, and therwith he sent hym a handballs
and other certane japez in scorne.
HAMMERWORT. The herb pellitory. MS. Lincoln. A. 1. J7, f. 7.
HAMMIL. A village ; a hovel. North. HANDBAND. Possession. (A.-S.)
HAMPER. To beat. North
HANDBEATING. Cutting off the turf with a
HAMPER-CLOT. A ploughman. North. beating axe. Devon.
HAMPERLEGGED. Led away or overborne
by another. JVarw. HANDBOW. 'The long or common bow.
HAMPERY. Out of repair. Kent. HAND-BREDE. A hand's breadth. (A.-S.}
HAND-CANNON. A musket. Hall
HAMPSHIRE-HOG. A derisive name for a HAND-CLOTH. A handkerchief. Line.
native of Hampshire. HAND-CLOUT. A towel. North.
HAMRON. The hold of a ship. Blount. HANDE. Hanged?
HAMS. Breeches. A cant term. Alexander gart rayse up twa pclers of marble, and
HAM-SAM. Irregularly. Cumb. by-twixe thame he harrfe a table of golde.
HAMSHACKLE. To fasten the head of an SIS, Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 40.
animal to one of its forelegs. HANDECHAMP. A ruffle. Craven.
HAMSTICKS. Part of the harness fixed to a HANDELLu A fuller's instrument. Pegge.
horse's collar. North. HANDER. The second to a pugilist. Line.
HAM-TREES. HANDERHAMP.
The hames, q. v. Devon. A ruffle. Craven.
HAMUR. A hammer. Pr. Paro. HANDERSOME. Handy? medtflmg. North.
HAMWARO. Homewards, ffearne.
HANDEWARPS. A kind of cloth, formerly
HAM WOOD. A hoop fixed round the collar of much made in Essex.
a cart-horse, to which the chains are attached.
HANDFAST. Hold-, custody; confinement.
South. Also, connection or union with. SeeHolinshed,
HAN. (1) Hence. Sevyn Sages, 494. Chron. Ireland, pp. 6, 134. The custom of
(2) To have. Still in use in the North for the handfasting, or contracting for marriage, needs
pres. plur. no more than a passing observation.
(3)«The voice wherewith wood cleavers keep HANDFUL. The measure of a hand, or four
time to their strokes. inches ; a span. Blount.
HANABOROUGH. A coarse horse-collar, made HANDGUN. A culverin. Palsgrave.
of reed or straw. Devon. HAND - HO^EN - BREAD. Oatmeal-bread,
HANAP. A cup. Test. Vetust. p. 99. kneaded very stiff, with little leaven, Lane.
HANAPER. A hamper, or basket. Hanaper HANDICAP. A kind of game, mentioned in
Office, where the writs were deposited in a Pepys*s Diary.
basket, and still so called. HAND-IN-AND-IIAND-OUT. A game played
HANBY. Wanton ; unruly. North. in the following raannej. A company of
HANCELED. Cutoff, Skinner, young people arc drawn up in a circle, when
HANCE-POTTS. In t&e inventory of Arch- one of them, pitched upon by lot, walks
round the band, and, if a boy, hits a girl, or if
bishop Parker's plate, Archaologia, xxx. 25,
is " y. hance-pottsfwiikt angeHs wings chased a girl, she strikes a boy whom, she chooses,
on the bellies, withe covers annexed^ weyiage on which the party striking and the party
struck ran in pursuit of eaco, other, till the
xluj.oM/'A great many. North.
HANCLE. latter is wight, whose lot it then becomes to
HANCUTCHER. A handkerchief. North. petfiwro tBte same part. A game so called waa
HANt>. (1) At any hand, at any rate, at all forbidden by statute of Edw. IV.
events. To mate a harid on, to waste, spoil, HAND-IN-POST. A guide-post. Owm.
 432 HAN
I1AN
HANDLASS. A small windlass ; the handle of HANGE. The lights, heart, and liter,
a windlass. West. of an animal. West.
HAND-LIME. A ciron, or hand-worm. HANGEDLY. Reluctantly. North*
Handcuffed. Dekker. HANGE N. Same as Hang (2).
HANDLOCKED.
HAND-OUT. Akind of game mentioned by Sir HANGER. (1) A pot-hook. Var. dial.
John Harrington. (2) The fringed loop or strap appended to the
HAND-OVER-HEAD. Thoughtlessly extrava- girdle, in
usually which the dagger or small sword
hung.
;
gant careless ; at random ; plenty. Hemp is
said to be dressed hand over head, when the Mens swords in hangers hang fast by their »lde,
Their stirrops hang when as they u?e to title.
coarse part is not separated from the fine. Tttylw'* W-VSrs, 1630, ii. W
HANDPAT. Fluent. See Antpat.
HAND-RUFF. A shirt ruffle. Ball (3) A hanging wood on the declivity of a hill
HANDRtJNNING. Continuously. North. South.
HAND SMOOTH. Quite flat. Forby explains it, HANGBKEL. Same as Gambrel, q. v.
uninterruptedly, without obstacle, entirely. It HANGER-ON. A dependent, far. dial,
occurs in Palsgrave. HANG-GALLOWS. A villain ; a fellow who de-
HAND-SPIKE. A wooden leaver, shod with serves the gallows. Var. dial.
iron. Craven. HANGING. Tapestry. See Warton, ii. 429
HAND-STAFF. The handle of a flail. Taylor's Workes, 1630, ii. 133.
HAND STRIKE. A strong piece of wood used HANGING-LEVEL. A regular level or plain
as a lever to a windlass. Far. dial. an inclined plane. East.
HAND'S -TURN. Assistance. Var. dial. HANGING-MONTH. November. I'ar. dial.
HAND SUM. Dexterous ; very handy. HANGING-SIDE. The higher side of a vein
HAND-TABLE. A table-book. Pr. Parv. that is not perpendicular.
HAND-WHILE. A moment ; a short time. HANGING-WALL. The wall or side over tho
HAND-WOMAN. A midwife. Devon. regular vein. Derbysh.
HAND-WRISTS. The wrists. Somerset. HANG-IT. A common exclamation of disap-
HANDY. (1) Apiggin. North. pointment or contempt. Var. dial,
(2) Ready ; expert ; clever. Far. dial. HANGLES. The iron moveable crook, com-
HANDTCUFFS. Blows. See Yorkshire Ale, posed of teeth, and suspended over the fire for
p. 10 ; Florio, p. 20. Handy-Mows, Spanish culinary purposes. North.
Tragedy, ap. Hawkins, ii. 9.
HANDY-DANDY. A game thus played by two HANGMAN.
Edward IV. Ap. term 82. of endearment. Hey wood's
children. One puts something secretly, as a
HANGMAN'S-WAGES. Thirteen pence half-
small pebble, into one hand, and with clenched
fists he whirls his hands round each other, penny. See Grose.
HANGMENT. (1) To play the hangment, I e,
crying, " Handy- spandy, Jack-a-dandy, which to be much enraged. North.
hand one
goodtouches will ;you have ?" The other guesses
or if right, he wins its contents; (2) Hanging*, suspension. Pr.Parv.
if wrong, loses an equivalent. This game is HANGNAILS. Small pieces of partially sepa-
not obsolete, and is mentioned in Piers rated skin about the roots of the finger-nails.
Ploughman, p. 69 ; King Lear, iv. 6 ; Florio, Var. dial.
p. 57. " The play called handie dandie, or the HANGNAT10N. Very ; extreme. Ea*t.
HANG-SLEEVE. A dangler. Suffolk.
casting or pitching of the barre," Nomen- HAKG- SUCH, Same as Jfemff-galtowf, q. v,
clator, p. 297, which seems to refer to another H^NGULHOOK. A fish-hook.
amusement.
HANDYFAST. Holding fast. Devon. The fisahere hath lo*t hit fangutktxt*, *
HANDYGRIPES. " Alle strttte, at grapling or
handygnpes," Florio, ed. 161 1, p. 20. HANK. (1) To hanker after. North.
HANE. (1) To throw. Devon. (2) A skein of thread, or worsted ; a rope or
(2) Protection ; safeguard. Line. latch for fastening a gate. HenceT to fasten.
HANG. (1) A crop of fruit. East. To keep a good hank upon your horse, to have
(2) A declivity. East. To hang out, to lean over a good hold of the reins. The rope that goes
as a cliff does. over the saddle of the thill-horse is termed
(3) To stick, or adhere. West. Also, to tie or the thill-hanks. To make a ravelled hank, tr*
fasten. Somerset. put anything into confusion. To have * bank
on another, to have him entangled. To cticb
(4) It's hang it that has it, there is little or no a hank on one, to take advantage of or be
difference. To hang out, to give a party. To
hang an arse, to hang back or hesitate. The revenged on him.
last phrase occurs in Hudibras. To hang the (3) A habit, or practice. North.
Kp, to pout, to look sullen. To hang in the (4) A body, or assemblage, Warw.
fatt-ropes, to be asked in church and then (5) A handle. Somerset.
defer (6) An ox rendered furious by barbarao* treat
frCOld the marriage. To hang in one1* hair, to
or abuse. ment. MiddL
HANGBY. A hanger-on *, a dependent. HANKETCUEE. A handkerchief , &*/*
 IIAN 433 HAR
H ANKLE. To entangle, or twist. North. HANTETH. Frequenteth ; maketh much use of
HANKTELO. A silly fellow. South. Hearne.
HANNA. Have not. Var. dial HANTICK. Mad; cracked. Exmoor.
HANNIEL. A bad fellow. North. Skeltonhas BANTINGS. The handles which fix on to the
haynyarde, i. 282. sneed of a scythe. North.
HANNIER. A teasing person. Yorksh. HANTLE. A handful ; much ; many ; a great
HANNIKIN-BOB Y. An old English dance. quantity. Far. dial.
HANS. Quantity ; multitude. Hall. HANTY. Wanton ; restive. North.
HANYLONS. The wiles of a fox. See Piers
HANSE. (1) The upper part of a door frame.
•Ploughman, p. 181.
" Antlantes, ymages of antique sette over HAP. (1) To wrap up ; to clothe. Hence, cover-
doores in the corners of an haunce," Elyot,
1559. " The haunse, or lintell of a doore," ing. Still in use.
The scheperde keppid his staf ful warme,
Cotgrave, in v. CZaveau; "the haunse of a And happid it ever undur his harme.
dore, un dessus de ported Florio, p. 507, 2MB. Cantab, Ff. v. 48, f.53.
apparently makes it synonymous with thresh- (2) Chance; fortune. (4.-S.)
old, and early scientific writers use it occa- He sendyth yowrys bothe hap andhele,
sionally for the spring of an arch. And for yow dyed my dere sone dere.
MS. Cantab. Ff. H. 38, f. 48.
(2) To enhance, exalt. Chester Plays, i. 168.
HANSEL. A gift, reward, or bribe. SeeReynard (3) To encourage or set on. North.
the Foxe, p. 146 ; Depos. Ric. II. p. 30 ; Piers HAP-HARLOT. A coarse coverlet. JBaret says,
Ploughman, p. 96. It is a new year's gift, an " a course covering made of divers shreds."
earnest or earnest penny, any gift or purchase Upton, MS. additions to Junius, gives a
at a particular time or season ; also, the first strange etymology, — "Hapharlet, or close
use of anything. The first money received in coverlet, etym. q. d. a harlot by hap to keep
the morning for the sale of goods is the han-
sel, and it is accounted fortunate to be the HAPNEDE.
one warm." Happened; chanced. "Us es
purchaser. Hansel-Monday is the first Mon- j fulle hapnede," MS. Morte Arthure. " It hap-
day in the year, when it is usual to make pre- { peneth me well, whiclie sayeing we use whan
sents to children and servants. " To hansel ! of a good dede good and welthe hath foloweth,
our sharp blades/' to use them for the first ilmeprent Men," Palsgrave.
time, Sir John Oldcastle, p. 29. In Beves of HAPNY. A halfpenny. West.
Hamtoun, p. 113, it means the first action. HAPPA. "What think you ? North.
"In the way of good hansell, de bonne erre" HAPPE. To happen. Chaucer.
Palsgrave. In the Vale of Blackmore, a pre- HAPPEN. Perhaps ; possibly. North.
sent to a young woman at her wedding is HAPPEN-ON. To meet with. Line.
called a good handsel. The first purchaser in HAPPER. To crackle ; to patter. West.
a shop newly opened hansek it, as the first HAPPILY. Haply. Cotgrave.
purchaser of the day does a market. " The HAPPING. A coarse coverlet. Also, any kind
first bridall banket after the wedding daye, the of covering. North. See the Test. Vetusta,
good handzell feast," Nomendator, p. 80; p. 454, a will dated 1503.
" Gossips feasts, as they tearme them, good HAPPY. (1) Rich. Ben Jonson, ii. 404.
handsel feasts," Withals, ed. 1608, p. 291. (2) Happy go litcky, any thing done at a ven-
« Handselled, that hath the handsell or first ture. Happy man be his dole, may happiness
be his lot. North.
tuse of," Cotgrave, in v. EstreinG. "Haffe
hansell for the mar," Robin Hood, i 87. HAPPYLYCHE. Perhaps. See an early glosa
Prom the following very curious passage, it in MS. Egerton 829, f. 78.
appears the writer disbelieved the common HAPS. (1) A hasp. Var.dial,
superstition respecting the good fortune of the (2) The lower part of a half-door. Devon.
hansel, or hancel. HAPT. Happed, or wrapped up. Leland.
Of hancel y can no sky lie also, HAQUE. A hand-gun, about three-quarters of
Hyt y* nouift to beleve thnrto j a yard long. Haquebut, an arquebus.
Me thynketh hyt ys fat* every deyl,
HAR. (1) Hair. Kyng Alisaunder, 5025.
Y beleve hyt 001*51, me never *hal weyL
For many havyn glad hanctl at themorw,
And to hem or evyn cometh niochyl sorw.
}) The
Their.holeRitson.
in a stone on which the spindle of
JC& Karl. 1701, f. 3. a door or gate rests. Durh. The h&r-tree is
Therfore thou haste f*ble harwU, the head of the gate in which the foot or bot-
And watte betyde the schalL tom of the spindle is placed,
MS- Cantab. Ff. iL 38, f. 110.
'4)
5) AHigher.
drizzlingMrtfam&.
tain* or fog. North.
HANSEL1NE. A kind of short jacket, men-
tioned byChaucer. HARA-GEO^SI. Violent; stern v severe.
HoweDe and Hardelfe, happy in armez,
HANS-EN-KELDER. A Dutch phrase, mean- 8k Heryllc and ilr Herygalle, thise harageowo
iag/ocyt lit the cellar, but formerly applied kny^httes. Morte Arthur*, MS. Lincoln, f. ?1 .
jocularly to an unborn infant. Stravre be be never so harrageoiut,
HAKT. Hare not, Par. dial. Oecteve, MS. S-c. Antiq. 134, L 381.

28
 HAR 434 HAR
HARDHEAD. Hardihood. ir>#/.
HARAS. A stud of horses ; a stable. " Equi- HARDHEADS. Knapweed. Norfk. Also the
ctom, a tares," Nominate MS. Cf. Depos. same game as Cocks (2).
Ric.lt. p. 15.
than lopen about fcem the LotnbarB,
HARD-HOLD. A stiff dispute. Ha&
As wicked coltes out of haras. HARD HOW. Tho plant marigold.
Gy of W-arwlke* p. 205. HARDIESSE. Boldness. (A-.V.)
HARBEGIERS. Persons whose duty it was to And for to lokon. overmore*
It hath and schatlc ben evermore
provide lodgings for the king, or their masters. That of knyjthode the prowcsw
fr«rte«A«r*; Hall, Henry VIII. f. 36, is appa- Is grounded upon
rently the same word. Gowr,A«rrf»«r«w.
MS. Sw* Antlq, 134, f. I i».
HA&BENYOWRE. A lodging. HARDIMENT. Courage; acts of courage.
Nowe ys he corae -with gret lionowre Carew's Tasso, 4to. 1594.
To Rome to ftya harbenvowrs.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 152. HARDING. Hardening. (A.-S.)
HARBER, The horn-beam. East. HARD4RON. Corn crowfoot. North.
HARBERGAGE. Enn ; lodging. HARD1SHREW. A field-mouse, Steff. Also
Hyes to tie hastefgag* thare the fcyog hovya. called the hardistraw.
Morte Aithwe, 3f&. JJineoIn, f.79. HARDLE. (1) To entangle. Vortet.
HARBINGERS. See flar&effiers. (2) A hurdle. Harrison, p. 184.
HARBOHOUS. Hospitable. Coverdak. HARDLEYS. Scarcely ; hturdly. North. Some*
HARBORROW. Lodging ; protection. Also, to times, hardlings.
lodge in an inn. Lydgate. HARDMEAT. Com. Kenneth
HARBOUR. The term applied to HARDMEN. Men who, by eating a certain
of the hart or hind. SeeTwici,p.27. The man herb, became impervious to shot, except th«
who held the lymer was called the haroourer, shot was made of silver.
and his business "was to go out early in the HARDNESS. Cruelty; seventy. (A.-N.)
morning on his ring-walks, and find by his HARDON. Heard. Heamt.
hound where a hart or other beast had gone HARDS. (1) Coarse flax; the refuse of flax or
into the wood from his pasture. He then fol- hemp. " Qrettes de Un, the hards or tow of
lowed the scent till he thought he was near flax," €otgra-ve. Also, small pieces of coarse
the lair, and having taken some of the freshest linen matted together, with which mattresses
fewmets he could find, went to the place of are staffed. See Harden.
meeting. This was called harbouring the (2) Very hird cinders. JSast
hart. See also the Gent. Rec, HARD-THISTLE. Serratuk arnnsts. £a»t.
HARBROUGHE. Harbour ; lodging. We have HARD-WOOD-TREES. Trees that change
also karburgwye, and other fortns. their leaves annually. North.
HARBURGEN. See Habergeon. HARDWORKEN. Industrious. We*t.
HARD. (1 ) Sour, said of ale. Var. dial HARDYEr To encourage, embolden. (^.-A'.)
(2) Hard of hearing, deaf. Hard and sharp, HARDlSSEDE. Encouraged. lfarfy#ty> hardi-
scarcely, cruelly, harshly. Hard Md on, very ness, boldness. Mearne.
ill. Hard-set, scarcely able ; very obstinate. HARE. (1) Hoary. Perceval, 230, 257, 300,
(3) Hardy ; strong. South. 1 78*0, 2190, 2200.
(4) Full grown. Somerset. (2) To harry, harass, or score. Hence we may
(5) Miserly ; covetous ; very mean. North. perhaps hove harum wantm.
(6) Half tipsy. YorJcsh. (3} A misft, or thick fog;. North.
f 4) Her j she. Mxmoor.
(7) Sharp ; grievous ; hardship ; 'sorrowful ; ter-
;
rible great \ hard. 'Bearne. Als^ danger. (5) Their. Octovian, 1092.
(9) A hurdle. Nominate MS. HARE-BRAINED. Giddy ; thoughtt«»8,
(10) A small marble, Somerset. HARECOPPE. A bastard.
HARDAUNT. Courageous. Lyagate, It U plained by Nares, in v.
HARENESSE. Hairiness.
HARDBEAM. Same as ffarber, 'q. v,
mentioned in Harrison, $. 212. HARE-NUT. Anearthnut.
HARD-BT, Terynear. Var. dial HAREOBJB. A herald. See Sharp's Cowntry
HARD-CORN. Wheat and rye. North. Mysteries-, p. 121.
HARDE, To make hard. (-*.-&) HARE^PIPJE. A snsre for hare*. Ste ihe ex-
HARDEL. The back of 'the hand. ample given under Go-l/et
HARDELY. Boldly; certainly. HARES-EYE,
(^.^.) The mid oaw^ti.
And hartfty, aungel, trust therto,. HARE'S-FOOT. To kiss the tofc'sf***, i, «•*,
For dough ties it sbal be do. *to be too late for anything.
MS, Coll. Trin. Dubl. Dr HARE-SUPPER, the harvest-hamo,
HARDEN. (!) To air clothes. Salop. HARE WE, A harrow,
harrowed, Nominate M&
(2) To grow dear. North. " At the hardest/'
er niost, HarrisoBt, p 145* HAREVEN. Arrows Boh. Ciwao. p. 3JM,
(3^ Strong or coarse ^lotk. Line. HARGUEB USIJBH A «oldiw wt» «u«etl a
{ty Hmp. Yorkshiw Bt&L 1697. " Stupa, a harquebus. Cafynoft.
hardes," J^omiaale MS. See Hards. HARIE. (1) To hurry.
 HAR 435 HAR
(2) Devastation. Langtoft, p. 157, when his person or property was in danger.
HARIFF. Catch-weed, North. To cry out haro on any one, to denounce his
HARINGE. A kind of serpent. evil doings. Harott alarome, an exclama-
HARK. To guess at. Yorfcsh. Hark-ye-but, tion of astonishment and alarm, mentioned
i. e. do but hear 1 by Palsgrave.
HAUL. (1) A mist or fog. North. HAROFE. Catch-weed. See Hariff.
(2) To entangle ; to confuse, Var. dial, Tak wormod, or haiofe, or wodebynde, and
HARLAS. Harmless. Chron. Vil. p. 5. stampe it, and wrynge owt the jeuse, and do it lewke
HARLE. (1) Hair, or wool. North. in thyne ere. MS. Lincoln A. i, 17, f. 283.
(2) Three hounds. Oxon. This corresponds to HAROOD. A herald. Torrent, p. 72.
HARO WES- Arrows. Somerset.
a leash of greyhounds.
So they schett with Jim owes small,
(3) To cut a slit in the one of the hinder legs of And sett laddurs to the walle.
an animal for the purpose of suspending it. MS. Cantab. Ft. ii. 38, f. I6L
HARLED. Mottled, as cattle. North.
HARP. To grumble. Northumb.
HARLEDE. Drove ; hurled. See Rob. Glouc. HARPER. An Irish shilling, which, bore the
p. 487; St. Brandan, p. 11. figure of a harp, and was in reality only worth
And ha> leden heom out of the londe,
And with tormens manie huy slowe. ninepence. Ben Jonson, vii. 404.
4fS. Laud. 108, f . 166. Although such musique some a shilling cost,
11ARLINGS, The hocks of a horse. Yet is it worth but nine-pence at the most.
Barnfield's Lad}/ Pecvnia, 1598.
HARLOCK. Supposed to mean the charlock, HARPERS-CORD. A harpsichord.
in Drayton and Shakespeare. HARPOUR. A harper. Chaucer.
HARLOT. A term originally applied to a low HARP-SHILLING. Same as Harper, q. v.
depraved class of society, the ribalds, and The haberdashers by natural operation of thJ»
having no relation to sex, (A.-N.) comet are fortunate, for olde feattesnew trinid shall
S'alle never harlott have happe, thorowe helpeof my
lorde, not last long, and harpe shillings shall npt passe for
twelvepence. — Fearefult and Lamentft^le JEffhcts qf
To kylle a crownde kyng -with krysome enoynttede. Two dangerous Comets, 1591.
Morte Artlvtxre, MS. Lincoln, f, 79.
HARPY. A species of hawk. Gent, Rec.
HARLOTRY. Ribaldry. (4.-N.) HARR. To snarl angrily. North.
HARLS. The earnest, or token. (4.-S.) H ARRAS. The harvest. West.
Bettor it ware to hyme that he ware unborne,
than lyfe withowttene grace, for grace es harts of HARRE. (1) Higher. Chester Plays, i. 134.
that laatand joyc thit is to come. (2) The back upright timber of a gate, by which
MS, Lincoln ^ 1. 17, f. 243. it is hung to its post. Nomenclator, 1580.
HARUYCHE. Early, " Harlyche and latte," (3) Out of harre, out of order. See Jamieson,
Wright's Seven Sages, p. 21. Herre, MS. Bodl. 294.
HARM. A contagious disease. West. The! asken all judgemedt
Aycne the man, and make hym warre,
HARMAN-BECK. A constable. Harmans, the Ther while himself e stant out of harre,
stocks* Old cant terms, Gower, ed.1564, f,3.
HARMLES. Without araa*. Hearne.
HARREN. Made of hair. East.
HARMS. To mimic. Yorfah.
HARN. Coarse linen. North. HARRER. Quicker. An esclanoaticn to a hotae
in Towneley Mysteries, p. 9.
HARNEIS, Amour; furniture. (^.-M) HARREST-DAM. Harvest-home, Yorteh.
HARNEISE. To dress ; to put on armour.
HARNEN. Made of horn. Wilts. HARRIAGE. Confusion. East.
HARNES. The brains. North. HARRIDAN. A haggard old woman $ a mise-
And of hys hede he brake the bone, rable, worn-out harlot. Orose.
The home* lay uppon the «tone. HARRIDGE. The straight edge of a ruler, or
any other thing. Yorfoh.
Tfe* clensynge place of the hert la under the HARRIMAN. A lizard. Sahp.
arrow; the clensyng place of the lyver is bytwyx HARRINGTON. A farthing, so called because
the thee and the body ; and the clensyng place of Lord Harrington obtained from James I. a
the httrnw e* under the ere*
MS. Lincoln A. I. 17, f. 301. patent for making brass farthings. Drunken
parnaby says,
HARNESS. (1) Aay kind of implement or ma- Thence to Harrington be fcopefcea,
chine. Wett. Also as Hornets, q. v. Har- For name-sake I gave » token
ness-horse,, a horse protected by -armour. To a beggar that did praye it.
" Harnes-maxL, armiffene" Palsgrave. HARRISH. Harsh. &ee Nares, i» v.
(2) Temper } humour. South. HAKROT. A herald. Ben J«asou, 1 $S.
HARNISH. Tohawifiss. 8atop.
HARK-PAN. mieskdl. North. "Owwwrn,
aharopaBe," NemiitakMS.
HARNSBY. ATieacoa. SWKJ« karm
(I) Same as ffaro, q. v.
lank And lean. East. pieces; t^distoa<^j the«ame as
HARD. The ancient Noraam turn an# cry / the Hence the title of -tlie piece, tlir
o£ a person to $wcvo# as«istance in HarL MSS.
 HAS
HAH 436

^8) To fatigue greatly. Line. expression for he has, nat

HAS.
unusual in elliptical
(1) An old poetry.
HARROW-BALL. The frame of a harrow, with-
out the spikes. Lino. (2) Haste. Sir Perceval, 487.
HARKCTWER. A kind of kaxvk. Blame. &ASARDOUR. A gamester. (,/.-X) Hence
HARRS. Hinges of a door. North. The two hasarttri e,
Nominate MS. gaming. " Alialcr^ a haserder, '
ends of a gate are so called. See Harre. H AS- ARME S . See Jf$~arnie8.
HARRY. (1) To spoil, or plunder ; to vex ; to HASCHE. Aslies. Translated by ctni* in MS.
torment ; to impose upon ; to drag by force or Lansd. 560, f. 45.
violence. (A.-S.}
(2\ A tude clown. Craven. HASE, (1) A hog's haslet Norf.
HARRY-BANNINGS. Sticklebacks. North.
(2 Hoarse. See Gloss, to Ritson'a Met. Rom.
HARRY-GAUD. A low person. North. (3 As. AntTirs of Arthur, p. 9.
HARRY-GROATS. Groats coined m Henry (4) Small rain, or mist ; a fog. JW/A,
YIIL's time, of which there were several (5 To breathe short. Line.
kinds; but the term was sometimes applied to (6 To beat; to thrash; to rub. North.
HASELRYS. A hade-bush. (A-S.)
a peculiar impression. " Spurroyals, Harry- HASH. (1) A sloven j one who talks hash, or
groats, or ataosuch odde coine," Citie Match, nonsense. North.
p. 14. See Nares.
HARRY-LION. A horse-godmother. See the (2) Harsh; unpleasant ; rough ; severe ; quick.
Var. dial.
Christmas Prince, ed. 1816, p. 33,
HARRY-LONG-LEGS. See Harvest-man. HASK. (1) Rough; parched; stiff; coarse;
HARRY-RACKET. A game played somewhat harsh ; dry. North.
similarly to Hide and Seek. (2) A fish-basket, Spenser.
Dry \ astringent. Pr.Parv. HASKERDE. A rough fellow. Dekk+r. Callod
HARSKE.
in the North ha&pert. "Vikne hastarddih,
HARSLET. A pig's chitterlings. " A haggise, a
p. 87- Percy's Rel. p. 25.
chltterling, a The hog's harslet,"e. Nomen.
North. HASLE-OIL. A severe beating. Fan dirt.
HARSTAKE. hearthston
HARSTOW. Hearestthou? (^.-£) HASLET. Same as Harslet, <j. v.
HASP. The iron catch of a door which falls into
HART. (1) Heard. Towneley Myst. p. 274.
(2) A haft j a handle. Somerset. a loop. Hence, to fasten. See Gesta Romano*
HART-CLAVER. Themelilot. North. rum, p. 464.
HARTICHALKS. Artichokes. Devon. HASPAT. A youth between a man and a boy.
HARTMANS. The stocks. DekJcer. Also called a kaspenald.
HART-OP-GREECE. Or hart of grease, a fat HASPIN. An idle fellow- North.
HASPINFULL. AhandfuL Notts,
hart ; a capon of grease, a fat capon, £c. See HASSELL. An instrument formerly used for
Robin Hood, ii. 59,
HART-OF-TEN. A hart that has ten or eleven breaking flax and hemp.
HASSEN. Asses. Rob. Glow.
croches to his horns. See Ben Jonson's HASSOCK. A reed, or rush ; a tuft of rushes, or
Works, vi. 254.
HARTREE. A gate-post South. coarse grass. North. See Harrison's England,
pp. 213, 236. A basket made of hassocks was
HART-ROYAL. A hart that escapes after hav- called a hassock.
pursued by royalty -was ever after- ,vnd chat Aowocfo should be gotten tn ibe fen, and
.wardaing been
termed a hart-royal ; and if the king or laid at the foot of the *akl banX in wsrertl pl*c0*
queen make proclamation for his safe return, where need required. Dugda-le'* Tmtanftfnjv p. 3S*.
he was then called a hart royal proclaimed. HASSOCK-HEAD. A bushy entangled hetd of
HART'S-EYE. Wild ditany. Topsett. coarse hair. East.
HARTYKYN. A term of endearment. Pals- HASTE. To roast. Hence, perhaps, hasting
grave's Acolastus, 1540. apples, or pears. West.of the inward* of a wild
HARUM-SCARUM. Very giddy; thoughtless. H ASTJBLBT YS, Part
Mtmw, harm, Havelot, 1983. boar. Keliq. Antiq, i. 154, There were seve-
HARVE. A haw. Forth Essex. ral dishes in cookery «o called.
JfcI,4JRVf!ST-BEEB:. A tern applied to any kind Scho f«ch«d* of the kytchyne
,pf meat eaten in harvest. Norf. Hflrtttete* in ptlentyne,
HARVEST-CART. Men -employed in carting Th« tchuldir of th« wyld i wyne*
MS. Liuwtn A, 1. J7» f. 13*.
corn are said to be at harvest cart.
HARVEST-GOOSE. -See Arvyst-go*. HASTELICHE. Hastily j quickly ; *ud4<m!y»
HARVEST-LADY. The secor*d reaper in a HASTER. (1) A surfeit. North.
row, the first and principal reaper, whose (2) A tin meat-screen, to reflect the hetfc while
motions regulate those of his followers, being the operation of roasting is going on, Hal-
called the harvest-lord. The second reaper is lamsh. Gloss, p. 48. ** Hastier^ that roatythe
also called the harvest-queen. mete," Pr. Parv. p, 229, These term* may fc«
HARVEST-MAN. The cranefiy. Far. dial connected with each other.
HARVEST-&OW. The shrew mouse. Wilts. HASTERY. Boasted meat. Lydgate.
HAR"W1RE. One who vexes, torments, or HASTIFLICH&
HASTIF. Hasty- Ch#*cer.
planners. Cov, Myst. p, 160, I Hwtily,
 437 HAU
HAT
HASTILOKEST. Most quickly, or hastily. Mekely hym auswerc and noght to haterlynge,
HASTILY. Impatiently. Hall. And so thou schalt slake his mode, and behisdcr-
lynge. The Gvode Wtf thought Mr Daughter.
HASTING-HARNESS. Armour used at a has-
HATE-SPOT. The ermine. Topsell
tilude, or spear play.
HATHE. (1) To be in a hathe, to be matted
HASTINGS. A variety of peas. Suffolk.
closely together. West.
HASTITE. Haste;
Then coom a doomrapidity.
in hastitt, (^.-A1.) (2) A trap-door in a ship. Howell, 1660,
To hem that longe had spared be. HATHELEST. Most noble. (^.-S.)
I am comyne fra the conquerour curtaise and
Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Tnn. €untab. f. 19:
gentille,
HASTIVENESSE. Rashness; pride-. (A.-N.) As one of the Jiathelett of Arthur knvghtcs.
HASTLER. Same as dchelor, q. v. Morte Arthur?, MS. Line In, f 64.
HASTNER. Same as Haster (2). HATHELL. A nobleman, or knight. See
HASTYBERE. A kind of corn, explained by
Wright's Lyric Poetry, p. 33.
trimemis in Pr. Parv. p. 228.
HASTY-PODDISH. A hasty pudding. It is HATHENNES. Heathendom. (^.-Ar.)
HATHEK. Heath, or ling, North.
made \vith milk and flour. North. HATIE. Haughtiness. Hearne.
HASTYVYTE. Hastiness ; rashness. (A.-N.) HATIEN. To hate. (A.-S.)
Vengeaunce and wrathe in an haatyvytt, HATKIN. A finger-stall. Suffolk.
Wythan unstedefast speryte of indyscrecioun. HATOUS. Hateful. Hardyng, f; 52.
MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 137-
HATREN. Garments ; clothes.. (A.-S.)
HAT. (1) Hot. KyngAlisaunder, 3270. Bt'fy! hyt so ui)0na day
(2) Is called. (A.-S.) That pore men sate yn the way,
Hat not thy fadur Hochon, And spred here hatren on here barme,
Also have thou blisse ? Ajeiii) the sonue that was war me.
XS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 48. MS. Hart. 1701, f- 37.
(3) Prset. of hit. Var. dial HATREX. Hatred. Langtoft, p. 124.
(4; Ordered ; commanded. Ritson. It is a HATS-OF-E STATE. Caps of dignity, used at
subst. in Wright's Pol. Songs, p. 158. coronations, and in processions.
(5) Heated, as hay or corn. North. HATTENE. Called ; named. (A.-S.)
HATBAT. The common bat. West. The secunde dedely synne es hattcne envy; that
HAT-BRUARTS. Hat-brims. North. es, -a sorowe and a syte of the welefare, and u joy of
the evylle fare of oure evenecristene.
HATCH. (1) To inlay, as with silver, &c. ; to MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 218.
engrave. A sword gilt, or ornamented, was HATTER. (1) To entangle. North.
said to be hatched. Hence, generally, to
adorn or beautify. (2) To expose to danger ; to weary out ; to wear
out ; to harass, or trouble.
(2) To stain, smear, or colour. " Unhatch'd HATTEROL. The same as Haterel, q. v.
rapier," Twelfth Night, iii. 4. HATTERS. Spiders? Pakgrave.
(3) A wicket, or half-door. Var. dial To leap HATTIL. A thumb-stall Derb.
the hatch, to run away. HATTLE. Wild; skittish. Chesh.
'ar. dial. HATTOCK. A shock of corn, North.
(4) To fasten.
HATCHE S. A / dish of minced meat. HATTON. Same as Acketoun, q. v.
HATCHES. Dams, or mounds. Cornw. Befysedud onagode hatton,
HATCHET-FACED. Lean and furrowed by Hyt was worthe many a towne.
deep lines. Devon. JfS. Cantab. Ff. li. 38, f. 10
HATCHMENTS. The different ornaments on HATTOU. Art thou named ? (A.-S,}
a sword, &c. Holme, 1688. HATURE. Poison ; venom. (A.-S.)
HATE. To be named. (A.-S.) Then was ther a dragon grete and grymme,
HATEFUL. Full of hatred. (A.-S.) Fulle of hature and of venym.
HATERE. (1) Hotter. (A*-S.) MS. Cantab. Ff. il. 38, f. 246.
That ncde of a drope of water* HAUBER-JANNOCK. An oat-cake. North.
Thare he brenned, neverc thynge HAUBERK. A coat of mail. (A.-N.)
Syr Kador alle tedy was
With hclme, and hhelde, &u&haubarf(6 ahene.
(2) Dress; clothing. (A.-S.)
Sche strypyd of hur hater et K& Hart. 2#3, f, IW.
And wytcfae tour body in clewe wmtere. HAUCEPYS. Hancepys?
MS. Cantab. Ff. IS. 38, f. 33. Also men taketh hem yn puttyi, and with nedlei,
and with hauccpys, or with venemoug powdres that
HATEREDYNB. Hatred, (A.-S.)
Ane e» hateredyne to cpefce, or here oghte be men gy veth hem yn flesh* and many other manerea.
MS. JBodl. 54$.
ipokene, that may *owr*e uutogude to thayra that
thuy hate. MA Uneoln A. i. 17, f. »8. HAUCH. (I) TO go» as a btdl, West.
HATEREL. The crown of the hM<i (2) To gpeifc a broad accent, Devon.
Al»o fro theAo*«rff/of thecroun HATJCEEB-PAWHEE,. Said of potatoes
To the tole of th« foot Uier doun, boil«^ ^ a naash, Pevon. Sometimes it is,
MS. AthmtJt 41, f. 17. all tQ paucL
HATBRING. Dresdttg ; atfcim -U~&) HoVd; stop; go. North.
Quite silly. }V*r**^
 438
HAV
Also,
HAW
HAUF-THiCK. Half fat. North. HAVE. To have ado, to meddle in a matter.
HAUGH. Flat ground by a river- side. To have a mind to one, to be favourable to
a hillock. North. him. To have ffoodday, to bid good day. To
HAUGHT. Proud; haughty. Nares. Spelt have cnt to wear. Have with yon, I \viU go
httulte in Arch, xrviii. 106. with you.
HAUGHTY. Windy. Norfolk I have brou5t the undur grcne wtxl Jyn« ;
Fare wel and have yod* day.
HAUK. A cut, or wound. A term formerly MS. Cantab* Ff.v 46, f. 13
used in. fencing. Holme, 1688* HAVED. Head. More commonly heved*
HAUKIT. Very ugly. South. Wot he defendeshym hardily,
HAUL. The hazel. Somerset.
Many afcatwi he made blody.
HAULEN. To halloo. « The hunteres thay Oy of Warwite, Mtddfrhtil MS*
haulen," Robson, p. 3. HAVEING. Cleaning coru, Chesh
HAULM. Straw ; stubble ; stalks of plants. HAVEKE. A hawk. " Of haveke ne of houmV
Also, to cut haulm. Far. dial Reliq. Antiq. L 125.
HAULTE. High. Stanihurst, p. 19. HAVEL. (1) The slough of a snake. £a*L Alto
HAULTO. A three-pronged dung-fork. as Avel, q. v.
HAUM. To lounge about. Leic. (2) A term of reproach. Sfelton.
HAUM-GOBBARD. A sUly down. Ywfoh. HAVELES. Poor; destitute,
HAUMPO. To halt. Lane. I say uot sche is haveles,
HAUMS. The skin. (A.-S.) That sclte nis riche and we! at ese.
HAUMUDEYS. A purse. (X.-X) Cower, 3/5. Soc. Antty. 134, f. 143.
HAUNCE. To raise; to exalt. (A.-N.) HAVENET. A small haven. See Harrison,
HAUNCH. (1) To fondle ; to pet. Line. p. 58. The same writer, p. 63, calls havrn,
(2) To throw ; to jerk. North. " a new word growcn by an aspiration added
HAUNDYLT. Handled. Rel. Ant.i.86.
HAUNKEDE. Fastened. See Hank (2). HAVER, (1) To talk nonsense. North.
to the old."
And forthi ere thay callede dedely synnes, for (2)Salop.
The lower part of a barn-door ; ft jaurclle
thay gastely slaa like manes and womanes saulc that
es haurikedein alleor in any of thayme.
MS. Lincoln A. I. 17, f. 217. (3) A gelded deer. Kennett's MS. Gloss.
(4) Oats, //wer-ca/fce, an oat-cake. //a#er-
HAUNT. Custom ; practice. (A.-N.) aack, an oatmeal-bag.
HAUNTE. To practise; to pursue; to follow; Take and make lee of havyre-8traaf and wascbe the
to frequent. {A.-N.) hede therwlth of te, and sail doharoawaye.
Judas well he knew the stude MS. lAncofn A. !. 17. f. &#,
That Jhesus was hauntonde, Tak a hate Tuny re+calte, and lay kdowne, »na Uy
Cursor Sfundi, 3fS. Coll. Tri». Cxntatt. f. #, thyne ere therone als hate als thou thole Ic, and it
HAUNTELERE. The antler of a deer. tber be schepe h)uae or any other <j,wik thynge in tot
HAUPORTH. An awkward uncouth person ; it sallesono crepe owte. MS. Ibid. 1. 383*
a worthless bargain. North, HAVER-GRASS. Wildcats. Mgmtx.
HAURLL. To drag, or pull. North. HA VERIDIL. A sieve for oats, or haver.
HAUSE. The neck, or throat. North. HAVERIL.
See A half-fool. Nvrth.
the old form hate. Hause-col, a steel
HAVERING. A gelded buck. Durham.
gorget for the neck. HAVERS. Manners, far* dial. Sh&kespear*
HAUST. (1) High. Hearne. has havionr, behaviour. See also llarrlagtou'ft
(2} A cough ; a cold. North. Nugse Antiquae, i. &2.
(3) A hop-kiln. Sussex. HAVES. Effects ; possessions.
HAUSTMENT. HAVEY-SCAVEY.
A stiff under-garment to keep Helter-skelter.
the body erect. M7avering ; doubtful. Orott,
HAUt. High ; lofty ; proud. Lydgate. HAVJLER. A crab. Sum**
HAUTEHEDJBL Haughtiness. U.-N.} HAVING. Same aa Havw, q. T.
HAUTEIN. Haughty. Also, laud, Hautein HAVOCK. Th« cry of the «oldi«a« when m
falcon, a high-flying hawk, quarter was given* See the Ancient Code of
HAUTEPACE. See Hatpace. Military Laws, 1784, p. 6,
HAUTESSE. Highness j 'greatness. HAVOIR. Wealth ; property. (A.-N.)
HAUVE. (1) The helve of an axe. West. HAW. (1) A yard, orincloaure. Kent. Chaucer
(2) To come near, applied to horses. has it tor a churchyard.
2) The ear of oats. See //<*»,
HAUZEN". Same as Halse, q.v. Grose
hawze, to hng or embrace. See Hai4$e. has
3) Hungry. West, and Comb. Dial
HACJ5T. Ought. Apol. Loll. p. 59. To look. Loo* fate, look. Kent*
&AV. .The spikelet of the oat. Oats when &) A green plot in a valley, la old English,
planted are said to be haved. Devon. See azure colour.
Reliq. Antiq. & 80. (6) An excrescence in the ey«w « Th« /km? in
SAVAGE. (1) Race ; family. Devon. the eghe," MS. liacob A. IL 17, f, &&*
(2) Sort, or kind. j&mw?r. HAWBUCK. AsUiydovna. North. Ctntftl*
HAVANCE. Good manners, Devon. Perhaps have any conuexion with th«Ch»woeri*tt ww4
from have, to behave. Cant, T. 4&I5 ?
 439
HAY HAY
HAWCHAMOUTH. A person who talks inde- (4) A round country dance. " Hayes-, a^M9r ,
cently, Devon. and
HAWCHEE. To feed foully. Exmoor. 1589.roundelay es," Martin's
See Howell, 1660. Month & MMe,
HAWELL Holy. St. Brandan, p. 32. Shall we goe daunce the Iwu f
HAWEN. Hawthorn-berries. Hawethen, the Never pipe coqld ever play
hawthorn. Better shepheard's roundelay.
HAWFLIN. A simpleton. Cuml.
HAWID. Hallowed. Apol. Loll p, 103. (5) An inclosure. See Haw.
HAY BAY. Noise 5 uproar.
HAWK. (1) A lopping-hook. Oxon. HAY-BIRD. The willow-wren. West.
(2) He does not know a hawk from a hem$hav>i HAYCROME. A kind of hay-rake. The tenn
he is very stupid. Corrupted into handsaw /
Hawk of the first coat? a hawk in her fourth, HAYDIGEE. appears to be obsolete.
year. See the Gent. Rec. An ancient rural dance. The
phrase to be in haydigees, togh spirits, L in
(3) Hawkamouthed) one who is constantly hawk- use in Somersetshire, and is no doubt a relic
ing and spitting. West. of the old term.
(4) A fore-finger bound up. HAY-GOB. The black bind-w^ed. Wane.
HAWKEY, (1) The harvest supper. Hawkey- HAY-GRASS. The after-grass. West.
load, the last load. East.
HAYHOFE. The herb edera terrestris.
(2) A common game, played by hoys with sticks,
and a ball, pronounced hockey. HAY-HOUSE. A hay-loft. Palsarave.
HAWKIE. A white-cheeked cow. North. HAY-JACK. The white-throat. East.
HA YLE. Same as Bale, q. y.
HAWKIN. Diminutive of Harry.
Hayle and pulle J schall fulle faste
HAWKS'-FEET, The plant columbine. See a To reyse housys, whyle I may laste.
list in MS. Sloane5,f.4. MS. Ashmole 61.
HAWKS'-HOODS. The small hoods which HAYLER. The rope by which the yards are
were placed over the heads of hawks. ! hoisted. A sea term.
HAWLEGYFE. Acknowledged. \ The very same thyng also happened to us in the
II AWL-TUESDAY. Shrove Tuesday. Devon. \ boat by defawt and breaking of a hauler. MS. Addtf. 6008.
IIAWM. A handle, or helve. Derb.
II AWMELL. A small close, or paddock. Kent. HAYLESED. Saluted, See Degrevant, 162.
HAWMING. Awkwardness. Line. When Tryamowre come into the halie,
II AWN. A horse-collar. North. He hayleted the kyng and sythen alle.
IUVVNTAYNE. Haughty. (^.-.V.) MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 78.
Thus theese fowre lottos hys Jnsyght,
HAYLLY. Holy. (4<-S.)
Sythen lyfed he alle hayllj/,
That he knawesnoght hymself ryght,
That now men callys saynte Fursy,
And ma&c hys hert fulle luxwntajme,
And fulle fraward to hy* aoveraynt. R, de Jfiittnne, MS. Bowes, p. 3
Kampala* #S. Ewe*, p. 19. HAYLWOURTH. The plant cidamum.
I was so hawtaimf. of horte whlll* I at home HAYMAIDEN. Ground ivy. W$st.
lengedc. J/orfe 4rthw*t US, Lincoln, f. 81. HAYMAKER. See Harve»t-man.
HAWPS. An awkward clown, North HAYK. To lay in ground for hay,i by taking
HAWRAWDE. A herald. (A,-N.) the cattleVar.
fence. off,dial
&c. Oqon* Also, to Ixftdge or
An hatvrawde byes before, thebeste of tbelordes,
Horn at the herbergage, owt of thahyghe lopdes, HAYNE. An inclosure ; a park.
Mart* Arthure, MS* Uncofa, f . 85. Crete hertes In the hapnes,
HAWSE. The hose. Yorfoh. Faire bares in the playnes.
MS. Lincoln A. I, tft f. 130.
HAWTE. To raise; to exalt. (^.-JV,)
HAWTHEEN. The hawthorn. Pea^ HAY-PINES. Hayseeds. Milled MS, Gtoss.
HAWTHEK. A wooden pin or nau for $ coat, HAYRE.
&c. It is also spelt hawtkem* JHayresfer, a maker of made
A garment hayres.of goal's fcnir.
HAWTIST. Oughtest. Apol. Loll. p. 37. HAY-REE.
H AWVJ3LLE, Silly idle nonsensical talk. horses. A Go veryonancient
1 A carter's
phrase. address. tP his
HAWYN. To have, Arch, xxx. 408, HAYS. Flat plains. Staff.
HAWJE. To confound with noise. HAY-SCALED. Hare-lipped.
BAXTER, Swn«W^?^-er?q.v. HAY-SELE. Hay-time. Mast.
HAY-SPADE. A sharp
HAY. (1) A w£r used for catching bares or used for cutting hay wiifti.
rabbits. See Collier, it 264
I dar not tit to cropp« OQ have, HAY-STALL. A small portion of wood o*x t^
outskirts of a large woo4*
Anon shesweri^ be coclge* nflta^e, HAYSUCK. A kw%e-spair0w.
HAYT. Haugbtjryproi
MB, Cwttab. Pft T. 49, f. HO. HAYTHKNB. A Iteottieix.
(2) A hedge, Still Jn ti|e Ift Nor<^kf bat grow- HAY-TIT. ThewiBow.wre
ing obsolete. HAYTY-TAWt. A board used In the game <
0) A hit! An exclamation la old plays, from see-saw. West.
tile Italian, It was also the 07 of hunters. . OriginaHy a
 4-10 HEA
HEA
ihe corn and farm-yard in the night-time, and HEADLETS. Buds of plants.
HEADLINE. To attach a rope to the head of a
gave warning by a horn in case of alarm from bullock. Somerset.
robbers. The term was afterwards applied to
a person who looked after the cattle, and pre- HEAD-MONEY. A kind of tax. " H«*ed im».
vented them from breaking down the fences;
and the warden of a common is still so ney, truaie/e," Palsgrave.
liead-pence. Blount mont'iotti
called in some parts of the country. HEAD-PIECE. The helmet. See Holinshi'*',
Chron. of Ireland, p. 5.
HAZARD. A pool for balls in some ancient
HEAD-SHOJET. A sheet which was placed «it
games of chance ; the plot of a tennis court. the top of the bed. Holme, 1 688.
HAZE. (1) To dry linen, &c. East.
(2) A thin mist or fog. North. HEAD-SHEETS. A sloping platform towards
HAZE-GAZE. Wonder ; surprise. Yorteh. the stern of a keel. Newc.
HAZELY-BRICKEARTH. A kind of loam, HEADSMAN. An executioner. Stot,
found in some parts of Essex. HE ADSTRAIN. A nose-band for a horse.
HAZENEY, To foretell evil. Dorset. HEADSWOMAN. A midwife. £a*t.
HAZLE. (1) The first process in drying washed HEAD-WAD. A hard pillow, sometimes carrici!
linen. East. by soldiers. Elome.
(2) Stiff, as clay, &c. Essex. HEAD-WARK. The headache. AMA. A very
(3) To beat, or thrash. Craven. common terra in early receipts.
HAZON. To scold. Wilts. HEADY. Self-willed. See Giffbrd on Witches,
HA3ER. More noble. Gawaym. 1603 ; Holinshed, Chroiu Ireland, p. 83. Ex-
HA3T. Hath. MS. Cott. Psalm. Antiq. plained brisk in Craven Gloss.
HE, (1) Is often prefixed, in all its cases, to HEAL. To lean or lie on one side, as a ship
proper names emphatically, according to does. Spelt heeld in Bourne's Inventions, 4to.
Saxon usage. Tyrwhitt, p. 113. Country Loud. 1578. Hence, to hold downwards «r
pour out of a pot, &c. Also, to rake up a tire.
people reverse this practice, and say. ** Mr. South* See further in Hek.
Brown he said," &c. It is also frequently used
for it, in all cases ; and constantly means, HEALER. A slater, or tiler. West.
they, she, them, this, who, and sometimes, HEALING-GOLD. Gold given by the king
yow, but seldom in the last sense. when touching for the evil. " Privy-purse
(2) High. Ritson's Anc. Songs, i. 106. healing-gold, £500," is mentioned in *
The gret beaut6 telly th owt Treasury Warrant dated Kovemuer 17th,
Of such a maide of fc«parage. 1683, in my possession.
Gowcr, MS. Cantal. Ff 1.8, f. 70. HEALINGS. The bed-clothes. Qjeon. It occurs
HEAD. (1) To, le off the headt to suffer in in- in MS. Gough, 46.
tellect. Togo at head, to have the first bite HEALTHFUL. In sound health. 1T<>*f.
at anything. To head points, to put the irons HEAM. The secundiue, or s»kin that the young
on them. To give ones head far washing, to of a beast is wrapped in.
submit to be imposed upon. To drive a~head, HEAN. The hilt of any weapon* llowdl
to force a passage through anything. He took HEAP. (1) A wicker basket. North.
// up ofhti own headi he taught himself. To (2) A large number. Tar, dial Hence Mtvy*
set their heads together, to consult or con- full, brim-full
spire. To turn the head, to attend to. To be (3) A quarter of a peck. North, To live at full
upon the head of it, very close to the jack, a heap, i, e. abundantly.
phrase used at bowling. Head nor tail, no- HEAPINGSTOCK. A stepping-stone. P^o«,
thing at all. To head out, to come to the HEAR. To hear ill, to be ill spoken of. Tohtar
earth or surface. Heads and holls, pell-mell, well, to be well spoken of.
topsy-turvy. Heads and plucks, the refuse of HEARDEN. A headland. Bed**
timber-trees, heads and tails, a common HEARE. A furnace, or kiln.
game of tossing up pence, and guessing the HEARING-CHETE& The ears. iMfer.
side before they touch the ground. HEARINGLES, Deaf. List of old word* in
(2) To behead a man. Palsgrave. Batman uppon Bartholomew 1592.
(3) To your head, to your face. Sha*. Still HEARKEN. Hearten to the hinder end, hear
in use in the North of England. the rest of the story. Yorksh.
(4) A headdress. Palsgrave. HEARN. Coarse linen cloth. Neve.
HEAD-ACHE, Corn poppy. East. HEARSE. The name of the hind in it* »t*conH
HEADBOROW. « Signifies him that is chief year. Gent. Rec. ii. 75,
of the frankpledge, and that had the princi- HEART. (1) Toe stomach. For. dial.
pal government of them within his own (2) Out of heart, discouraged. To haw the
pledge," Blounfc,Mixed
HEAD-CORN. in v. com. Yorfoh, heart m the mouth, to be very much frig;'*>i-
ened* To &e heart and Acrruf, to be folly b?*ftr»
HEAD-GO. The best. Var. dud. To tire one** heart out, to be erceisuejy
HBADGROW. Aftermath. Salop. troublesome. To break /A* faetrt qf anp.
HEAD-KEEP. The first bite. Norf. thing > to have almott completed it. In goyt
HEADLANDS, £ame as 4dUmd», q, v. heart, in good order. N*Xt th* fairf, in *
 HEA 441 HEO
morning fasting. Poor heart, an exclamation HEAVISOME. Very duH or heavy.
of pity. As heart may think or tongue may HEAVLE. A dung- fork. Here/.
teH, a very common expression in olid works, HEAVY-CAKE. A flat, compact, currant cake,
conveying intensity. To feel one's heart come so called in Cornwall.
to one, to take courage. To have one's heart HEAVYISH. Somewhat heavy. Var. dial.
in a nutshell, to be very penurious or mean- HEAZE. To cough, or spit. North.
spirited, to act cowardly. HEBBE. To heave. Rob. Glouc. p. 1 7.
For the payne thare es more bytter and felle HEBBEN. To have. KyngAlisaunder,4940.
•Than hert may thynk or twrig may telle. HEBBER-MAN. A fisherman on the Thames
Hampole, MS. Bowes, p 86
below London Bridge.
HEART-AT-GRASS. To take heart at grass, HEBBLE. (1) A narrow, short, plank-bridge.
i. e. to take courage. Far. dial. It is often Yorksh. See Halkmsh. Gl. p. 1 13.
spelt Heart-of- Grace. (2) To build up hastily. North.
HEART-BREAKER. A love-lock. Ware*.
HEARTFUL. In good spirits. Heref. HEBEN. Ebony. (A.-N.) The juice of it was
HEARTGROWN. Very fond of. North. formerly considered poisonous.
HEARTGUN. The cardiacle. Devon. HEBERD. Harboured ; lodged. Langtoft.
HEARTS. Friends ; bosom companions. See HEBOLACE. A dish in cookery, composed of
onions, herbs, and strong broth,
the Yorkshire Ale, 1697, p. 14. HE-BRIMMLE. A bramble of more than one
HEART-SCAD. Grief ; vexation, North.
HEART-SCIRTS. The diaphragm. Yor&sh. year's growth. Somerset.
HEARTSOME. Merry ; lively. North. HECCO. The green woodpecker. Dray ton.
HEART-SPOON. The navel. Yorksh. HECH. (1) Each. See Rob. Glouc. p. 240.
(2) A hatch, or small door. North.
HEART-TREE. The part of a gate to which the HECHELE. A hatchel for flax. See the Reliq.
bars are fastened. North.
Antiq. ii. 78, 81, 176.
HEARTWHOLE. In good spirits, or order. HECK. The division from the side of the fire in
West. Also spelt heartwett.
HEARTY. Having a good appetite ; well. the form of a passage in old houses ; an in-
HEASY. Hoarse. North. closure of open-work, of slender bars of wood,
HEAT. (1) Heated. See Nares, in v. as a hay-rack; the bolt or bar of a door.
" With hek and m angeor," Arch. xvii. 203.
(2) To run a heat, or race. Shak. ! H eck-board, the board at the bottom of a
HEATH. A kind of Staffordshire coal, Kennett,
MS. Lansd. 1033. cart. Heck-door, the inner door, not closely
HEATHER-BLEET. The bittern. North. panelled, but only partly so, and the rest
latticed, Half-heck, the half or lower part of
HEATHPOWT. A black-cock. - Cttmb. a door. North.
HEAULDY. Tender j delicate. Yorteh.
HECK-BERRY. The bird-cherry, Yorksh.
HEAVE. (1) To pour corn from the scuttle be- HECKEMAL. The torn-tit. Devon.
fore the wind. North,
HECK-FAR. A heifer. Huloet, 1552.
(ty To throw ; to lift. Var. dial
(3) The horizontal dislocation which occurs HECKLE. (1) To dress tow or flax; to look an-
when one lode is intersected by another having gry, or to put oneself into an impotent rage j
a different direction. A mining term. to beat. North.
(4) To supplant. Dorset. ( 2) An artificial fly for fishing ; a corslet or any
(5; Heave, how, and Rumbelow, an ancient other covering, as the heckle of .a fighting-
chorus, which is frequently alluded to under cock ; the skin of an ox. North.
various forms. With heave and how, with (3) Busy interference; intrusive meddling; im-
might and main. A reference to Cotgrave, in pertinence. Yorksh.
v. Cor, would have extricated Nares, p. 228, (4)inThe the
name of an engine used for taking fish
Owse. Blount.
from a difficulty.
HECKLED. Wrapped. Skinner.
(fy
(7) To rob. onDekker's
A place a commonBelman, 1616.a particular HECKLE-SPIRE.
on which Same as Wcro^pire, q. v.
flock of sheetf feeds. North. HECKSTOWER. A rack-staff. Yorksh.
(8) To weigh. Var. dial HECKTH. The highest. Glouc.
HEAVER. A crab. Kent. HECLEPYN, Called. Ritson.
HEAVE-UP. A disturbance, Devon. HECTE. Highest. Hearne. WehaveAecM,
HEAVING, Lifting up j swelling. height, Akerman's Wiltsh. Gloss.
Where ground brore* naturally store of cbamotks, HED. (1) Heeded; cared for. Derby $h.
the cheese that Is made off from such ground the (2) Head. (A+-S.) On m hed, on pain of
dayry-women cannot keep from htaving. * losing his head. To laie the hed in wed, to
Aubrey's Wilt*, MS. Royal Soc. p. 300. kill or slay. JjfedT mas peny, a penny offered
HEAVING-DAYS. Easter Monday and Tues- at the mass said for a person's soul at his
day, so called from the custom of lifting at funeraL See Blount.
that time. Warw. HEDABB* Oixe who beheads. Pr. Parv.
HEAVINCkOF-THfc.MAW, A, game at card*. HEDDE. Hidden. Chaucer.
See Archaeologia, viii 149. HB0DE& Hither. See Tundale, p. 40.
 IIEG
HEE 442
IISDDIR. An adder. See Apol. Loll. p. 97. i HEEDER. A male animal /-wic.
Heddre, Reliq. Antiq. ii. 273. HEEDISH. Headstrong; testy; flighty.
HEDJDLES. The small cords through which HEEDS. Necessity. Northum&.
the warp is passed in a loom, after going HEEL. (1) The inside thick part of the hand,
through the reed. North. from the second joint of the thumb to the
HEDE. (1) To hehead. See Torrent, p. 90.
wrist. Cornut.
(2) Habit; dress, Perceval, 1103. (A.-S.) (2) The rind of cheese. Tor. dial. Also* the
HEDEN. A heathen. Weber. crust of bread. JDorwf .
ELEDER. A male sheep. Line. (3) To upset a bucket, Glouz.
HEDE-RAPYS. Head-ropes. A sea term. (4) To kick one's heels, to stand idly in a place
Thane vras hede-rapya hewene that helde upe the
mastes ; waiting for
HEELE. something.
Danger. Ritson./ "or. dtal
Thare was conteke fulle kene, and. crachynge of
HEELER. A quick runner, from a fighting*
chippys, M<» te Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f 91.
cock, formerly so called. A'&rM.
HEDGE. To mend hedges. " Thresh and dig HEEL-RING. The ring which secures the
and hedg," MS. Ashmole 208. The sun blade of a plough. The wedges are c»lM
shines loth sides of the hedye, said of sum- heel-wedges. Tar. dial.
mer, To be on the wrong side of the hedge,
HEELS. (1) The gam« of nine-pins.
to he mistaken. To hedge in a debt, to se- (2) To turn up the hetls, to die. To t&&* to tht
cure it cunningly. heels, to run away. Out at heels, in ttebt.
HEDGE-ACCENTOR. The hedge-sparrow. He tohe a aurfiet with a cup,
JEast. See Forby, ii. 155. That made hym tonm* itw httfa KJ>.
HEDGE-ALEHOUSE. A very small obscure The £»&*«/ Jfcfcyrf £m&»*

ale-house. P'ar. dial. HEEL-TAP. The heel-piece of a shoe. AUo,

HEDGE-BELLS. Great bindweed. South. wine or liquor left at the bottom of a glass.
HEDGE-BORE. Rough, unskilfulr applied to Var. dial.
a workman. West. HEEL-TREE. The swing-bar at the hct*U of a
HEDGE-BOTE. Timber ; fire-wood. (^df.-£) horse drawing a harrow. Xfac,
HEDGE -CREEPER. A wily ciafty vagabond HEEM. Near ; handy ; con veiuent. SQfop*
and thief. " Un ctvanturier vagabond qui HEENT. Have not. Suffolk.
fait la regnardiere depeurdes coups, a hedge- HEEUS. A hearse. Archseologia, x, %»
creeper," Hollyband's HEE ST. Highest. Craven.
HEDGE-HOGS. Small Dictionarie,
stunted trees1593.
in hedges HEET. Commanded. Jf <?£«*.
unfit for timber. Chesh.
HEDGE-HOUND, A stinking species of fungus HEEZE.
HEFDE. To
The elevate
head. ; to
Mob.raise.
Qhuc,A'orM,
growing in hedges. Var. dial. HEFE. Lifted up. Also, to lift up.
HEDGE-MARRIAGE. A secret clandestine A man heft ones at thefimte
marriage. North. The term hedge in com- A tnayde chylde, as impn arc wont*.
position generally implies deterioration.
Hedge-priest, a very ignorant priest. Hedge- HEFFLE. To hesitate ; to prevaricate.
whore, a very common whore. "A doxie, BEFPUL. A woodpecker. Craven.
common hackney, hedgewhore," Cotgrave, in HEFLY. Heavenly. Cov. My^t, p. 255.
v. Cantonniere. HEFT. (1) Weight ; pressure. A common term
HEDGE-RISE. Underwood used for making in provincial archittjcturc. Metaphorically,
up hedges. North. need or great necessity. As a vtrh, to lift.
HEDGE-SPEAKS. Hips. Glouc, To 6e dom to the A#7, exhausted, worn out.
HEDGE-TACKER. A hedge-mender. Devon. (2) A haft, or haadle, Z<xwe in tk* hqftt of di»>-
HEDLAK. A kind of cloth. sipated habits. See Howell, p. 14,
HEDLY-MEDLY. Confusion, Hall.
HEDLYNG. Headlong. Weber. (3) AA haunt.
(4) heaving, North.
or reacting.
HEDGES. Hideous, See Robspn, p. 64. (5) Commaaa ; restraintj usual
J<f
HEDON. Went Chronicon YUoduiL p. 118. HEFTED. Accustomed
HEDOYNE, A kind of sauce? HEPTERT. After. North.
Sythene herons in Jww%nflhyled full* felre,
Grett swanncs fuUe swythe In slWeryne ch*rgei»rs.
HEFTPOIP. A temporary handle uwd in griml*
Marts Arthur*, MS. Uncctn* f. 55. ing knives, &c« Y&rJuth*
HEDUR-COME. Arrival; hither-coming. HEFY. H«avr. Hampolc'* Stim* Onsciea.
HEGE. A hedge. Somtwrt.
HEDYRWARDE. Hitherward. "Herkenes Tho thou thorowc the ttipa rtn,
BOW hedyrwarde/' MS. Morte Artbure, 1 53. •Thou thai be hoof ut be tht thtott*
MK. C*nUb. Ff. ». 4fl, f. Ut
HEE. (1) Eye. Wright's Seven Sages, p. 71.
(2) High, Still in use in the North. HEGEHEN.
To se the d«re draw to the dale»
HEGGAK.
Andfthftdow hem in the leves greae HEGGE. A hag. "A wltdn that dtmngftb tb«
Undur the grene-woode tra. faroor of children, the be$|$e or fairi*,^ B»yo4,
JKS. Gtntob. Ff- v. 48, f . 125. in v. StrLr. Ilarriwxi, p. 218, tova, otd coim
 443
HEK HEL
found in Kent were called heps pence by the HEKES. Racks. See Heck.
country people* Hftkes and hakkenays, and horses of arraes.
MorteArthwe, MS. Lincoln, f. 77
HE OGLING. Vexatious; trying; wearisome.
Sussex. Hall uses the word. HEL. A hill. See Weber, ii. 237,
And now this day is corven oute of stone,
HEGH. A hedge. Reliq. Antiq. ii. 83. Withoute hondis, of that holy hel.
HEGHE. To exalt. MS. Cott. Vesp. D. vii. Lydgate* MS. Soc. Antiq, 134, f. 12.
For-thi God hase hsghede hyme, and gyffene hym
name that es abowne al that name beres. HELASS. Alas! Palsgrave.
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 246. HELDAR. Rather; before. North. More, in a
HEGHTE. Eight. MS.MorteArthure. greater degree. Gawayne.
Sir Dcgrevaunt, that hende knyght, HELDE. (1) To throw, or cast ; to put ; to give
With heghta helmya on hyghto. way, or surrender. It occurs in the last
MS. Lincoln A, i. 17- f .31. sense in the Morte Arthure, MS. Lincoln.
HEGHTENE. The eighth. (^.-£) (2) Fidelity; loyalty. Hearne.
And one the heghtene viij. day, thay fande a bas>i- (3) The wild tansy. Culpeper.
Hsc, that meue callez a cocatrys, a grete and ane hor- (4) Covered. Sir Degrevant, 1185,
rible. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 38.
HEGHYN. To hedge ; to inclose. It occurs in ( 5) Health. See Wright's Seven Sages, p. 40.
T6) Beheld. Also, hold. Weber.
MS. Bibl. Reg.l2B.i.f.78. m To incline, or bend. Pr. Parv.
IIEGLICHE. Highly. Sevyn Sages, 2028. (8) To ride ; to follow ; to move ; to advance j to
HEI. (l)They. Weber, i. 232. Also, high. go down ; to lead. Gawayne.
(2) An egg. Reliq. Antiq. il 83. (9) A very small apple. Devon.
HEIAR. Higher. See Apol.Lollp.31. HELDING. Quick; fast; pelting. West.
HEIDEGYES. Sports ; dances. HELDISH. Bucolic ; appertaining to cattle.
KIsse Endimion, kisse his eyes ;
Then to our midnight heidegye*. HELE. (1) Health; salvation. (A.-S.) It occurs
Lilly'* Endimion, 1632, sig. E.iv. in MS. Cott. Vespas. B. vii. Also, to heal, to
HEIE. Tail SeeHavelok,987. (A.-S.) help. It is common in early English.
HEIFKER. A heifer. Norf, (2) To hide; to cover. (A.-S.} Hence, in
Devon, to roof or slate, to earth up pota-
HEIGH. An exclamation to arrest any one's toes, to cover anything up.
progress. Var. dial.
Onder the bchadow of thi wynges hele me fra the
HEIGHAW. A woodpecker, " Ono*,aheighaw face of the wicked, that me hai> tourmentid.
orwitwall," Cotgrave. MS. Coll. Eton. 10, f . 24.
HEIGIIE. To hie, or go in haste. AllinJieighe,
all in haste. Still in use. On keigheiyiff, in (3) To pour out. Wilts.
HELELES. Helpless. Chaucer.
haste. See Lay le Freine, 214. HELEN. Caves. (4.-S.)
HEIGHEING. Command, or proclamation. HELFRINGWORT. The plant consolida media.
HEIGHEN. To heighten. Norf. See a list in MS, Sloane 5, f, 4.
HEIGH-GO-MAIX In great spirits ; highly en- HELING. Hidden. MS. Cott. Vesp. D. vii.
raged. North, HELINGS. The eyelids. Palsgrave.
HEIGH-HO W. (1) To yawn. North. HELISE. Elysium. Chaucer.
(2) An occasional assistant in a house or kitchen. HELKS. Large detached crags. Also, large
Lincolnshire MS. Gloss. white clouds, North.
HEIGHMOST. The highest. Jorkth. IHELL. (1) A term at the game of Barley-break,
HEIGHT. To threaten, H eight nor ree, neither j q. v. See Patient Grissel, p. 26.
go nor drive, said of a wilful person, i These teach that dauncing is a Jezabell,
HEIHOW. The herb alehoof. Aud barley-break the ready way to hett.
HEIK. To swing, or jerk. Yorksh. A board for Randolph's Poems, 1643, p. 105.
see-saw is called a heikey.
HEIKE. The same as fluke, q. v. (2) A tailor's hell was the place where he depo-
sited his cabbage.
HEILB. Decrease ; wane. Nash. (3) To pour out, as Hele, q. v. It occurs in MS.
HBILD0M. Health. SirTristrera. Lincoln. Med. f. 287.
HBIND. A hand. Weber. And bely ve he garte belle downne tlws water on
HEIK. (I) To inherit from any one. North. the erthe before alle his mene, and wheime ht«
(2) Ayodotgtimbertree. Hants, knyghtU saw that, thay ware hugely comfor^hede.
HE IRE. Air. Also, Mgfew. See Ritson. MS. Lincoln A, L 17, f.27-
HEIRERES. Harriers. Twicj,p.58. (4) A cant term for the darkest and worst part
HEISED. Eased. &ckJBrmne. of the hoUj an obscure dungeon im a prison
HEISTE. Highest Seifc Chester Plays, & 143. Massinger, ed. Giflford, i*. 7-
HEISUGOE. Thehedge-Bpariw, CVtaucer, HELLA. The nightoiare. West,
HEIT. To throw, or tos? up, West. HELL-CAT^
HEIVT-KEIVT. Totierimg ? fe^tatitt^ ; oncer- HDLLECIC
tain. Hence, tipsy. Nbrtk HELLHBJBJX Swollen, Yorteh*
IIERINa Speed, W^ Werw. p. 8S, HELiFAIXIIRO. A great tumult. South.
HBI3TTE, Was called. U.-S.) HELL-HOUNI>. A wicked fellow
HEK. Al«o. fttam*. HBiLIEK. Athateher,ortiler. Wist.
 HEM HEN
444
H E MBLE. A hovel ; a stable ; a shed. *V
Tyler is called Walterus Helier by Wai- HEMELY. Closely ; secretly. (Dan.)
singham* See* MS. Lansd. 1033.
HELLIN. Hardened soot. Yorteh. HEMEN. Them. (^.-&)
HELL-KETTLES, The name given to three That ys to say, allethjngettbnt y«wylir thatmim
pools of water near Darlington. Bishop do to jow, da 36 the »&nie to ftn««n.
ATS. H'i«/. P<«>L J45,
Tonstall is said to have ascertained their won- HEMINGES. A piece of the Mdc <»f «» annual
derful depth by putting a goose into one of slain iu the chase, cut out to nmke feluios tbr
them, which was afterwards found in an ad- the huntsmen. (-•/,-&}
Travels, joining river. See Harrison, p. 130 ; Brome's HEMMJBS. Tops j sides. (J.&)
p. 166, Fyxulvs theme helraede hi>tc antl hwrwcyde *•» *te<Jy%»
HELL-0-QNE-SIZE. At a great rate; the Hoviinde one the hye waye by the J«tIU« ht mm»*,
whole hog. South. Xfvrtc drthurt t MS. Liwtn, f, 70.
HELL-RAKE. A large rake, with long iron HEMPEN-WIDOW. The widow of a man w ho
teeth. Var, dial.
has been hanged. Var. dial,
HELL- WAIN. A supernatural waggon, seen in HBMP-HECKLEIL A Sax-dresser. *\ forth.
the sky at night. North. HEMPY. Mischievous. AVM.
HELLY. Hellish. See Nares and Todd, in v. HKMSELVE. Themselves. (-1-5.)
HE LM. (1) A handle. Also, a hovel ; a kind of HE MTU N. Hempen ; made of hemp.
outhouse. North. A hemton halter then he tOi>ke,
(2) A heavy mountain cloud. Cumb. About his necke he put the same,
(3) To cut the ears of wheat from the straw be- And with a greevou* pi team* looko
fore thrashing it. Glove. This speech unto them du! he frame,
HELME. A helmet. Perceval, 1225. Helmed, J2elun?vJ*tit)angt fJixtttrl**ft I ft f,
armed with a helmet. HEMUSE. A roe in its third year. See Hawkins,
HELME-HOOP. A helmet. (J.-S.) iii. 238 ; Gent. Rec. ii. 75.
HELOE. Bashful ; modest. North. " Hee is HEN. (1) To throw. Smertrt.
verie maidenly, shamefac'de, Jteloe" Cotgrave, (2) Money given by a wedded pair to their poor
inv. Coffi. neighbours to drink their healths.
HELON. To cover ; to hide. Sussex. (3) Hence. Still In use in Lincolnshire.
HELP. To mend, or repair. North. Damysell, seyde Befyge tht-n,
HELPLY. Helping ; helpful ; assisting. Speke on And go hen.
MS, Canttth. Ff, IS. 38, f, l«,
HELP-UP, To assist, or support. East.
HELSUM. Wholesome. Apol. Loll. p. 6. HEN-AY. A Ken's egg. <^.-&)
KELT. (1) Poured out. See Eitson, i. 1 6. HEN-BAWKS. Aheu-roost. Nvrth,
HENBELLE, Henbane. It isnicntionocUnMS.
(2) Healthy. Hearne.
(3) Likely ; probable ; perhaps. Lane, Lincoln A. i. 1 7, f. 287.
(4) To soil, or dirty; to make a mess of. Line. HENCE. HEN-CAUL. A chicken-coop. Xnrth.
HELTER. A horse-collar made of hemp. Also, Sylvester makes a \erh of to ftrncc, to
a halter. North. go away. Sec- his Pauaretu.s, p. #73, quoted
Withquat pride come this Lorde thKler, byNarcs, p.229.
As a kyng shuld do ? HENCH-BOY. A pagej an attendant «« a
Barleg on&hsltird horse, nobleman, sovereign, or high pcr&tmage. More
And jet barfote also. xisually called a henchman^ as iu Chaucer.
MS. Cantab. Ff, v. 48, f. 88. HEN-CO WEE, The position of a pmon sitting
HELTER-SKELTER. Confusedly ; disorderly ; on his heels. Durh,
promiscuously. See Horio, pp. 20, 96, HEND, (1) At hand ; Bear at html See Bev?*
HELVE. (1) A stone pitcher. Glouc. of Hamtoun, p. 61. " Nether for ne heade/*
(2) A haft. Sevyn Sages, 384. To throw the MS. Cantab, Ff.v. 48, f. 50.
helve after the hatchet, to be in despair, (2) To seize, take, or hold. Spmtter.
(3) To gossip. Also a subst. Sussex.
HE LWALLS. The end outside walls of a gable HENDE. Gentle; polite, (/£-&) nwdfttch,
house. Oj?on, politely, Arthoor
Seven Sages, and Meni», p. 54 j Wright**
p. 07*
HELYCH. Loudly. (4.-S.) Hy« kyane was wotidur yoyfutlc than
Theyherdeintheire
itoany, herbergag* hundrethez fulle That he waxe to fey rf a man :
Hends he was and roylde of nttxit*,
Hornez of olyfantez fulle helyck blawene. All men »p«ke of hym grefct B<xi«f t
Morte Arthur^ MS. Lincoln, f.67.
With aswyrde'he cow<le welle plryr,
And pryck astede in a wtye*
HEM. (1) "Very. Sussex. MS, Cartah. Ff. u. 30, t, tj.
(2) Them,* he, or him. West. The first sense
is common in old English. HENDELAYK, Courtesy,
(3} Home. See Cor, Myst. p. 30. RENDER, Mare gentle ; Wader,
(4j The partition between the hearth and the HENDY. Sameaa /yen.^q. v.
oven, open at the top, in a place for taking Aad he Ucurtey* aad km&t
caJamine. Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033.
HEM-A-BIT. Certainly not. $us»e,r.
HEMATITE. The blood-stone. HENE,
 445 HER
HER
HENEN. Hence. Chaucer. higher. In the provinces, it is heard indiscri-
I1ENEPE. Same as Hen-pen, q. v. minately for he, she, or him.
HENES. Behests ; commands. Ly Agate. HERALDIZED. Blazoned. Warner.
HENETE. A lizard. Nominate MS. HERALDYE. Misfortune. (^.-JNT.)
HEN-FAT. Same as Fat-hen, q.v. As he whiche hath the Ji&aldye
HENG. To hang. Chaucer. Of hem that usen for to lye.
Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 63.
For I dar never, said the scheref,
Cum before cure kyng ; HERAUDE. A herald, Chaucer.
For if I do, I wot serteu Tille on a tyme that it befelle,
For sothe he wil me heng+ An heraude comys by theMS.way.
Harl. 2252, f. 91.
MS. Cantab. Ff. v, 48, f. 131.
HERB-A-GRACE. Rue. It is jocularly used
HENGE. The heart, liver, and lights of an ani- by Dekker, ap. Hawkins, iii. 195.
mal. See the Ord. and Reg. p. 96.
HENGET. Hungup. Lydgate. HERBARJOURS. The king's
Tlune come the herbaiyows, harbingers.
barageous knyghtez.
IIENGLE. Ahinge. Nominate MS. MorteJrthwn, MS. Lincoln* f. 79.
HEN-GORSE. Ononis arvensis. North. HERBARS. Herbs. Spenser.
HEN-HARROW. A kind of buzzard. North. HERB-BENNET. Hemlock. Gerard.
HEN-HURDLE. A hen-roost. Chesh. HERBELADE. A confection of herbs. See
HENHUSSY. A meddling officious person ; a MS. Sloane 1201, ff. 32, 52.
cotquean. West. HERBER. Lodging. It is also used for an
HENK. Ink. See the Apol. Loll. p. 91. harbour, or a garden. See Hall, 1548, Henry
HENKAM. Henbane. Lincoln MS. VIII. f. 97.
HENNES. Hence; from this time. (4.-S.) Within hys awen modyr body,
HENNOT. Have not. North. Whare hys tierber wythin was dyght.
Hampola, MS. Bowes, p. 24.
HEN-PEN. (1) The dung of fowls. North.
(2) The herb yellow-rattle. Var. dial HERBERGAGE. A lodging. (^.-M)
HEN-POLLER. A hen-roost. Norf. They herde in theire herbergage hundrethez fullemany.
Morte Anhure, MS. Lincoln, f. 67.
HEN-SCRATTTNS. Same as Filly-tails, q. v. He came to hys b&*bergye,
HEN'S-NOSE-FULL. A very small quantity of And fonde hys felowes hcndlye.
anything. East. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 170.
HENT. (1) The plough up the bottom of the Tharfore maketh he none h& bergerye
furrow. Craven Gloss, i.222. There he fyndeth byforeMS.envye.
Harl 1701, f. 67.
(2} To wither ; to dry, or become dry. Somerset.
(3) Hold ; opportunity. Shak. HERBERT. A cottage garden ; a herb garden.
Devon. See fferber.
(4) To sow com. Dean Milles' MS. Glossary.
HENTE. To seize, hold, or take. (A.-S.} HERBIVE. The forget-me-not. Gerard.
Sometimes the part. past. HERB-PETER. The cowslip. Gerard.
He starte up verament, HERBROWLES. Without lodging. (J.-S.)
The steward be the throte he hente. I thursted, and ye yave me to drinke; 1 was her-
MS, Cantab. Ff. 11. 38, f . 74. brou'&tt, and ye herbrowde me ; I was nakid, and ye
The pore man hente hyt up belyve, clothid me. MS. Rawl C. 209, f. 13.
And was therof ful ferly blythe. HERD. (1) Fallen; prostrate. Lino.
Af&HarZ. 1701, f.37.
(2) A keeper of cattle. North.
A Knyfe in hir hande she hent ful smerte, The kyng to the herde seid than,
And smote hir modur to the herte. Off whens art thou, gode man ?
MS, Cantab. Ff. v. 48 f. 44. 3f& Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 47.
RENTER. A thief. Lydgate. (3) In hunting, this term was applied to flocks
HENTING. (1) A rude clown. North. or companies of harts, wrens, swans, cranes t
(2) A furrow. Hent-furrow, the last one. &c. MS. Porkington 10.
H EG. She ; he ; they ; this. (A.-S.) HERDELES. Hurdles. Pegge.
HEORE. Their. Kit son. HKRDES. Coarse flax ; dressed flax. Chaucer.
HEOTE. Ordered; commanded. (4.-S.) Still in use in Shropshire.
HEPE. (1) A hip, or fniit of the dog-rose. See I1ERDESS. A shepherdess. Browne.
Robin Hood, i 37. " Cornus, a hepe trc," 11E RDESTOW. Heardest thou. Weber.
MS. Bib. Reg. 12 B. L f. 40. Hepw, Kyng HERDLENGE. Dressing the roebuck, after
Alisaunder, 4983, ap. Weber, i. 207. he has been killed in a chase. Gent. Rec.
(2) A company ; a troop. (A.-S.} ed. 1686, it 87.
HEPE-BOON. A hip-bone. HERDOM. "Whoredom. Hearne.
Woundyd sore and evyll bc-gone,
And Drokyn wm» tty» hepe-bocm.
HERE. (1) Host; army. (^.-£)
MS. Cantab. F(.iLW,t.m. 3e «alle hym knawe thurghe alle the here ;
5otue sieve lie wills hafe on his spere.
HEPPEN. Dexterous ; nwdy ; active ; ready ; MS. Lincoln A, i. 17, f. 106.
neat; handsome. North. Sonketames for Tho come Avelot into thi§ londe,
unheppen, not dexterous, &c- With hoste gret and here strong.
HEPPING-STOCK. A horse-block* Conw. JfS. Cuvtab. Ff. v. 48, f, 104.
HER. Hair; then ; here ; hear; ere, or before;
(2) To hear. NomiaaleMS.
 HER 446
Of wilfce t
HER
Sum man tny^t here the,
The wer« bettur be stale. That they percette ocr? tHurghe th&hrmff-ptinr,*,
MS, Unent* A* i. 17, f. !*»•
JM& Gmtab. Ff. v, 48, f. 49.
Hittes hymon the hede that the helmc brut it ;
(3) That is neither here nor there, nothing to the Hurttes hia kerne'jmne an haundc-br<HJk* large.
purpose. A very common phrase. Atttrte Arthurs, MS, Uti&ln, f. 77«
(4) Hair. Heren, made of hair. (W.-&) HERNIST. Yearnest ; desirest, (d.-S.)
(5) Hire ; regard. Kyng Alisaunder, 5221 HERNS12WE. A kind of strainer used in an-
(6) To plough, Apol. Loll. p. 112. dent cookery.
(7) Hoar frost ; mist. Lane.
Hereabout Far. dial HERNSHAW Aharon. " Ardrote, an hvarnc-
HEREAWAYS.
HEREDE. Praised. Heame. sew," Elyot, 1559. //«rn*tc, MS. Lhic. lito^.
HEREHOITNR. The herb horehound. Jfertins&e, Reliq. Antiq. i. 88.
HEROD. The fierceness of this <jh*rartcr in
HERE-LACE. A Mr-band. SJcelton.
HERELY. Early, lydgate. the old mysteries has heeu w<jU illustratrrf hy
Then come he withe gret haste to his grave one
the Shakespearian commentators. Hence the
the Sondaye h&t-ely at morne, and toke agayne his expression., # out-Herod** Herod, his kaguage
blissede body owt of the grare, and wente forthe "being always of the most fiery tad extravagant
thuighe his aghene myght. character,
MS. Lincoln A. i I7» f« 185. HERONERE. A hawk made to fly <w!y at th*
HEREMITE. A hermit. heron. (^.-M)
HEREKCE. Hence. HEROUD. A herald. Sir Degrevaat, 11 4 L
HERER1GHT. Directly ; in this place. West. HERPLE* To walk lame; to creep. AVM.
HERES. The eyelashes. W. Bi&blesworth. HERRE. (1) Satue as ftarre, <j. v.
The londe, the see, the firmament*
HERE'S-NO. Here's no vanity, an ironical ex- They axen aKo judgement
pression implyingthat there is great abundance
of it, applied to any object. Wares. Ajen
Therwhile the man, and make him
himselfestanttf wem*,
out«of A<vrr»
HERE'S-TO-IE. A rustic form of drinking Cower, MS. &w, stutig* 134, f, 37,
healths common in the Northern counties.
HEREY. Hairy. SMton. (2) A hinge. Prompt. Parv,
HERFEST, A harvest. Wteleltfe. HERRET. A pitifW Httle wretch. J!W.
HERRIK. Urine. Sa&p.
HERFOR. For this reason. HERRINGCOBS. Young herrings. It was
HERGED. Invaded ; plundered. (A~-S.\ formerly a generic term for anything worthlm,
In fourty houres after his ded Kerged he helle.
MS. Egerton 027, " The rubbish and outcast of your herringtoba
HERIE. To honour. (^.-£.) invention," A Pil to Purge Melancholic, a, d.
That thou arte as thou arte, God thanke and Tierie*
Herring-fare, the season for catching hevrings.
Occleve, MS. Soc. Antiq. 334, f. 259. HERRORIQUS, Full of error ? " torde Cobbam
herrorious," Hardyng, f. 208.
HJEIUGAUS, "Upper cloaks. (A.-N.) See KERRY* To plunder, or spoil, flcrry &MA
Rob. 0-lonc. p. 5*8, absurdly glossed dew- long nails, the devil. AV/A.
claws, spurrs. HERSALt. Rehearsal. Spenser.
HERIOT. Warlike apparatus. HERSE, (1) A dead body. H*yww>&
HERITAGELIK. tnheritably ; in fee simple.
(2) A framework whereon lighted candles t*w«
See Langtoffc, p. 251. fferiter, an inheritor, placed at funerals. Also, a frame a«t ovt*r
MS. Addit. 5467, f. 71. the coffin, whereon wa» placed & dti4fe railed
HER13YNG. Praising. Reliq. Antiq. ii. 225. the herse-cfathe, which was often richly em-
HERKYN. Hearken ; listen.
Joly Robyn, he seld, herlcyn to me broidered. Se Account of the Grocer**' Com-
privete". Pf. v. 48, f. 63. HERSTOW.
A. worde er tweyneMS.In Cantab. pany, p.13. Heanattaou?
Htrtttoo, felov f hiut thou <)«
HERLE. Twist ; fillet, Gawayne. Th« thyng that t «el»l th« to f
HERLOTE. A ribald, or fatrlot, q. v. JtfAOtntofr, rf.v.48* f.«l
HERLOTS. White iatchets formerly used to HERSYVE. Aliair-sieve.
tie the hose with. (xi'.-JV.) HERTE. (1) Hurt. CAattctr.
HERMAN. A soldier. (J.-&) (2) To be heartened, or encouraged*
HERMELINE. Ermine. See TopserR, p. 218. Bereit to sir Howe) !e that el to harde bituJra,
HERN. (1) A heron. Vatgrave. And byd hyme h«rte hym wele, hla curoy wd**tnj»dct.
(2) Hers ; belonging- to her. V&r. dictl, ATrrte Arthur s, MS. U»fat*t f. «,
HE RNAYS. Harness ; armour. HERTECLOWRB.
HERNDE. An errand. See Amd. HEBTELES. Without courage.
His lifand hia soule worthe i-shend, HERTEN. Ba^kia. Kitscm, El
That the to me this hemde haveth send. HERTHE. Earth; Ktould. Lnfyat*
..
HERTLES. -Cowawily. JP^ Am
HERKE. A corner. (A-S.) Still implied to a HBRTLY. Heartf ? atemgj wwe.
nookofknd. See Eorhy, ii. 157. The hethenc hawgeou* Myag* tppow th« h«he ly^gM,
HEKNE-PANNE. TIwskulL See Reliq. Antiq. And of his A«rt^ hurt* b«Jyde hen*r*r.
ii.78. st.-S.
 447
HET HEW
And alle that hym aboute stode
HERT-ROWEE. A dish in cookery* described Wende that man hade bene wode,
in the Forme of Cury, p. 79. And Iow3 hym to ?iet?ivng.
HERTS. Whortleberries. West. See Sherwen's MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f .U.
Introd. to an Examination, 1809, p. 16. TilJe the was donethare at the begynnyng
HERTYS-OE-GRESE. Fat harts. Many fawkle dispyte and liethynge,
Me thynke his hertys of gi'ese MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 19O.
Berys toa letters of pese. HETING. A promise. (^.-£)
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 131. This netynge was that tyrae ful mykel,
HERUNDE. An errand. See Chron.ViLp. 136. But his was ful fals and fikel.
HERVESTEN. To make harvest. Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trfn. Cantab, f. 5
HERY. Hairy. Lydgate. HETLIK. Fiercely; vehemently. (^.-£)
Her armes 7tery with blac hide, HetliTc he lette of ilk fere ;
Her elbowes were sett in her side. To Godd self wald he be pere.
MS. Con. Vespas. A, iii. f. 4.
Cursor Mundi, MS, Col. FHn. Cantab, f. 51.
HETTER. Eager ; earnest ; keen ; bitter ; cross ;
HERYE. To plunder, or spoil.
To his manere he wente ;
(d.-S.) ill-natured. North.
A faire place vras ther schent, HETTLE. Hasty; eager. Yorfah.
His husbandes that gaffe hym rent HEUCK. A crook, or sickle. Also, the hip-
in plighte. M& Lincoln A, i. 17, f. ISO. bone of a cow. tieuclc-jingered, thievish.
. Praise, Chaucer. North.
HES. Has. Ttfwneley Mysteries. HEUDIN. The leather connecting the hand-
HESELYCHE. Hastily, tieame. staff of a flail with the swingle. North.
HEUF. A shelter; a home. Jorksh.
HESLYNE. Composed of hazle trees. "Corulus,
a hesyl tre," Nominale MS. HEUGH. A rugged steep hill-side; a ravine.
North.
Boltis and hare woddes, with heslyne schawes.
Morte Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f.80. HEUKS. The hiccough. Devon.
HEUNT. A mole. Wore.
HESP. A hasp, or latch. North. « A hespe,
haspa" Nominale MS. HEUSTEK. A dyer. Nominale MS. " Diers
HESPALL. To harass. Heref. and hewsters," Chester Plays, i. 7.
HESPE. Ah^nkofyarn, North. HEVE. To heave ; to raise ; to labour ; to put
HESTE. A command; a promise. (4.-S.) in motion. (d.-S.)
WESTERN. Of yesterday. Nares. HEYED. Ahead. (A.-S.) Hevedfond, a head-
HESTRIS. State ; condition. (A.-N,} land, MS. Arund. 220.
HEVEDE. (1) Had. MS. Harl. 2253.
HET. (i)Heated. North. It occurs in Oiffbrd's
Dialogue on Witches, 1603. (2) To Sithen
behead.of Jones See baptizyng,
Head.
(2) It. Also, to hit or strike. West. And how him Jieveded Heroude the.kyng.
(3) Promised. Towneley Mysteries, p. 39. Cursor J&undi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab. f~S.
(4) Hight, or named. £#nc. HEVEL. Kn'e twine. Somerset.
(5) Have it North. HEVELLE. Evil. Chron. Tilodun. p. 91.
HETCH. (1) A thicket $ a hedge, Suffolk. HEVEN-QUENE. The queen of Heaven ; the
(2) To turn upside down. North. Virgin Mary. (J.-S.)
HETE. (1) To promise. Alsaasubst. (.&-£) HE VENRICHE, The kingdom of heaven.
The scheperde «eid» I Wrille <vri£h thfejgao, As he whlehe is his nexte llche,
I daor the hate* foule or twoo. And forthest fro the hevenriche.
MS. Cantab. Pf. v, 48, f. 51. Cower, M S. Soc. Antlq, 134, f . 82.
(2) To t>e called, or named, (4.«S.) HEVENYNG.
HETELICH. Hotly; eagerfr, "Hethely in But God, that forjeteth nothyng,
my haHe," MS. Morte Arthure. He sente tharfore grete heoenyng.
And Guy hent his sword in haxrd« MS Sari. 1701, f. 65.
And Jietelich smoi to Colbrand.
Romance HEVESOKG. Evening song. Chron, Yil. p. 40.
HEVIED. Become heavy. This occurs in MS.
HEtEL-TONGUED. Foul-moxrtheA. Cott. Vesp. D. vri. Ps. 37.
HETHCROPPER. A horse bred on a heath, HEVYS. Hives. See Lydgate, p. :
HETOBN. Hencis. HE WE. (1) Colour; appearance.
Fox penaunce chaunged was by* Mew.
HETHBKNES.
Faro in%0l*«ma» y**he
To verre H» Godfty» gnww.
A hushandsnan ; vfiorkmaao.
In cookery, ti> coffc wiriince.
To knock one ai^te a^atnsHhe other. North.
HETHEIU (l)An adder,
(2) Nearer.- HdmsM, Ohrcm, SootL p. 31. * I Tie we in a dere as they 4o -that ^eetttre
wyndles^^Awe^lPfllagraye. "Gohewethe
tee triple I fl^ke me A&tandynge," ib.
^6) A com, or kmniQa. Bomemet.
Slcoroe h* h*d and grate tethyng
HEWED. Colored. ClimoeK.
Of th«mthAt mjwie 90 gsate bostyng. HEWER, Axjoal-worker. Jjanc.
JfS. OrntoJu Ff. ii. 38, f. 120. HBWFUN. Heaven. Nominale MS.
 HEY 448 HID
Hethely In tny halle, wyth A^imj»«* word«,
HEWING. A method of cutting \vheat with Inspeche disspy^ede me «nd iparedc me lyttlllc,
one band. Devon* Mofte Arthttre, Af5. Untoln, f. fl«.
HE-WITCH. A wizard. Lane. HEY-PASSE. A term used by jugglers. See
HEWKES. Heralds' coats. Percy. Kind-Harts Breame, 1592.
HEW SON. (1) The leather which is placed on HEYRES. Young timber trees. Ea*tr
the top of a horse's collar. Beds. HEYSE. (1) Same as Barton* q, v.
(2) A term of consideratereproach, applied to a blind in- (2) Ease. Ritson's Anc. Songs, i. 69.
person. North. HEYVE-KEYVE. Toftflrin^ Yorteh.
HEWSTRING. Short-breathed. Exmoor. HEYVOL. See Ayfutt* This word is wronglj
HEWT. High; haughty. "Such hewt ex- spelt in Rob. Glouc. pp. UM, 377.
ploits/' MS. Ashmole 208. HEY3. Hay. Psalms, Rawlinson MS.
HEWYLL. Evil. Nominate MS.
HEWYUYN. An iron chisel, held in a twisted HEZ. Hath. Line. Gil gives this word in bi»
hazle-rod, and used in cutting portions from Logon. Anglic. 4 to. 3U>nd. 1619.
HEZZLE. Loose; sandy. Yorfoh
bars of iron. HE5ER. Higher. See Kobson, p. 58.
HEXT. Highest. (A.-S.) HE5TIST. Proniisest. (^.--Sl)
The erchebischop of Canturberi,
Adam, quoth the kyng,ble**ed thou be I
In Eogcioude that is hext. Here i* bettur then them heyi* m^.
MS. Coll. Trin. aw*. 57.
MS. Cantab. Ff, v.48, f.4^.
HEY. (1) High. Lyfyate. HI. They. See the Forme of Cory, p, 99.
{2) To make haste. Yorksh. Also, to sport, Costroye there was, the amtra!,
play or gambol ; to kick about. "With vitaile great plente".
And the standard of the sow don royal,
(3)a A'teim of exaltation.
very great passion. To play hey, to be in Toward Mantrible ridden ki.
Sir Ftf rwmftm^ «j>. Stti*t fi. 3»*.
(4) Yes. Also, to have. North. HIBBY. A colt. Devon.
HEY-BA. A great noise. Yorfcsk,
HEYEN. Eyes. See Weber, ii. 33. HICE. To hoist up anything, PabgrtMt.
HEYERE. To hear. It occurs in Lydgate. HICHCOCK. To hiccough* Florio, p. 501.
Lo, my sone, tiow as thou myth heywe Also, a term of contempt.
Of al thys thyng ta my matyere. HICK. To hop, or spring, Var. dial.
dower, MS. Cantab, Ff. i. 6, f. 43. HICKERY. Ill-natured. North.
HEYET. Height. Apol. Loll. p. 41. HICKET. The hiccough in horses. SeeTopsctVs
HEYGYNG. Urging. Chron. Vilodun. p. 104. Beasts, p. 435.
HEYHOE. The green woodpecker. See Ray's HICKINGLY. HICKEY. Tipsy. Grose.
English Words, ed. 1674, p. 84. A term applied by Topsell, p.
HEYHOVE. The plant edera terrestris. See 377, to a hacking cough.
a list in MS. Sloane 5, f. 5. HICKLE. To manage, or make shift. Eat t.
KEYING. Haste. Weler. HICKLEBARNEY. Hell KoHhumb.
HE YLAW. A halloo. Cofyrave. HICKXEPY-PICKLEBY.
I''ar. Dial, In confusion. Hyhdy
HEYLDE. Aileth. Lydgate, Rawlinson. MS. pegledy, higkdepigk, — Florio, pp. 20, 96.
ffeylyght, Coventry Myst, p. 139.
HEYLE. To hide, or conceal (A.-S.} HICKOL. A woodpecker. West.
Yf y have ony thyng myswroght, HICK-SCORNER. There was an interlude tin-
Say hyt now, and heyh hyt noght, der this title printed by Wynken de \Vorde.
MS. Cantab. Pf. U. 38, f.33. Hick-Scorner is represented as a libertine who
HEYLUNSY. A headlong fall JBeds. scofffc at religion, and the term appears to have
HEYLY. Highly; honourably. (^.-£) been applied to any one who did so, and to th«
In hire wrytynge and in here bokis oolde
Of apostelis most heyly magnified. vice in a play. "The vice or hicscorner,"
Lydgate, MS. Sac. Antiq. 134, f. 21.
Stanihurst, Desc. Ireland, p, 14,
HEYMAN. A nobleman. (A.-S^ HICK'S-MARE. Higins, Nomencl&tor, 1585, p.
HEYMENT. A boundary, or fence. Salop. 298, mentions " a kind of gambill called the
More properly haynent. haltering of Hix Mare."
HE Y-MUSE. The name of the roebuck in his HICKUP-SNICKUP. The hiccotigh. North.
third year. More commonly He-muse, q. v. HICKWAY. A woodpecker. « A hteway, <wc
HEYN. Eyes. Wright's Seven Sages, p, 13. woodpecker, virco," Withmls, e<L 1608, p. 2i*
HEYNBLY. Courteously. (A.-S.) ffictvxiU, Horior p. 203. ftfytomttt Cotgrave*
Herkynes me heyn&y, and holdys jow stylle, in v. Jteguebo, fyeiche, Kpicht, " Hygh-whele.
And I $alle telle jow a tale that trewe es and nobyJIe. picw," MS. Anxndd 249, t 00,
Sforte Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f. J53. HICTIUS-DOCTIUS, A can tine phrase among
HEYNE. (I) Hence. North. jailers, s*id to be oorrapted firom Mo «**
Hye ui hastylye heyne or we mone f ulle happ«ue. inter dwte>9. SeeBkMa^iaY,
Xorto Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f. 79,
HIDE. (I) To beat, or flog, Par. di&L
m A miser j a worthless person. ) Hide and Jfod, a common game amongrt
(3) To raise, or exalt. Pr. Parv. children, contitting in one of them hiding,
HEYNJOUS. HeinoTisj disgraceful. and the remainder g«archmg Mm cmi More
 HIG 449
HIL
usually now called Hide and Seek, a* In as to produce high throws. See Florio,
Cotton s Works, 1734, p. 80. The game is p. 186 ; Middleton, ii. 313.
called Hidy-luck in Dorset. HIGH-ON-END. Dear. Yorfak
(3) A field. Kyng Alisaunder, 458. HIGH-PAD. The high way. Barman.
HIDE-BOUND. Stingy. Far. dial HIGH-PALMED. Said of a stag whose horns
HIDE-FOX. A game mentioned in Hamlet, are full grown. Drayton.
iv. 2, supposed to be the same as Hide and HIGHT. (1) Called. Also, promised. (4.-S.)
Seek. It was, perhaps, the same as the game Still used in the North,
of Fox mentioned by Cotgrave, in v. Lami- (2) To dandle, or dance up and down ; to hop ;
liaudichon, " a word used among boyes in a to change one's position often. Line.
play (much like our Fox), wherein he to whom (3) To deck, adorn, or make fine. Batman uppon
tis used must runne, and the rest indevor to Bartholome, 1582.
catch him." HIGH-TIME. Quite time. Far. dial Seethe
HIDEL. A hiding-place ; an ambush. It oc- Leicester Letters, p. 386.
curs in MS. Cott. Vespas. D. vii. The kyng his stecle he can stride,
And whenne the pryncez that slewe Darius wiste And toke his leve for to ride ;
that Alexander was comene into the citee, thay
Hym thojt it 'wasftye
MS. tyme.
Cantab, Ff. v. 48, f. 5i.
went and holde thame m fndils ay tille thay myjte
gete knawcynge of Alexander will. HIGHTY. (1) Pleasant ; cheerful. West.
Lift} of Alexander, Lincoln MS. f. 20.
HIDEIUYARD. Hitherto. Bearne. (2) A child'sThenamename
HIGRE. for for
a horse. North. and tu-
the violent
HIDE-THE-HORSE. A gambling game men- multuous influx of the tide into the mouth of
tioned inthe Times, June 6th, 1843. the Severn, and for similar effects in other
HIDE-WINK. To blind ; to hoodwink. Holly- rivers. Nares. Drayton mentions it in his
band's Dictionarie, 1593. Polyolbion. See Joker, and Eager.
HIDLANDS. Secretly. North. In some HIL
counties we hear hidlocfc, and Mdnes occurs HIKE. They. (A.-S.) Also, high.
To swing ; to put in motion ; to toss ;
in Langtoft, p. 77, explained secret places. to throw ; to strike ; to hoist ; to go away ; to
HIDOUS. Dreadful; hideous. (^.-JV.) hurry. Var, dial. Toads killed by being
Y wyst myself kydua and blak,
And nothyng hath so moche lak. jerked from a plank are said to be hiked.
MS. Harl. 1701, f. 83. H1KEY. A swing. North.
HIDUR, Hither. HILBACK. Extravagance in apparel. It occurs
Hidur thei come be mone-lljt, in Tusser, Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033.
Eete thcrof welle aplijt, HILD. (1) Held. Shale. This form is often used
And schewe no curtasye. by Warner. It also occurs in Hall.
MS. Cantab. Ft. v. 48,f.fiO. The sediment of beer. East.
HIE. Haste ; diligence. (A.-S.) In hie, on hie, To lean, or incline. Palsgrave. "Hildes
in haste. Spelt hieghe in WicklifFe. Highe, doune," Reliq. Antiq. i. 54.
Beves of Hamtoun, p. 107. The verb is still (4) To skin an animal. See Pegge, and Gesta
in use in the North of England. Rom. p. 134. " ffytt, flead, skin pulled off,"
And callyd the portar, gudlyng, be gone, Kennett, MS. Lapsd. 1033.
And bad hym come faste and hye hym soon.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 240. And take Ij. shepe-hedys that ben fatte, andlete
Jiylde hem, and clene hem, and sethe hem til they be
HIERDESSE. A shepherdess. (A.*S.) tendyr, and than take, dec. MS. Med. Use.
HIERE. Higher, (A<-S.) HILDEBRAND. The family name of Pope
HIESSEN. To forbode evil. Dorset. \ Gregory VII., who was so abused by the early
HIG. A passion ; a sudden and violent commo- reformers, that his name became proverbial
tion of any kind. North. for violence and mischief.
HIGGLE. To effect anything slowly and perti- HILDER. The elder. Norf. This form occurt
naciously. East. in MS. Arundel 220,
HIGGLER. A huckster. North.
HILDING. A low person. A term of re-
HIGH-DAYS. Great feasts. Var.dial "High proach, formerly applied to both sexes. Ken-
days and holidays," nett explains it " an idle jade," The word
HIGH-DE-LOWS. Merry-makings. Devon. is still in use in Devon, pronounced hUderlinff^
HIGHENESSE. The top. Baler. or hinderliny.
HIGH-IN-THE-INSTBP. Proud. West.
HIGH-JINKS. An absurd mode of drinking, by HILE. (1) To cover over. (^.-£) See Depos.
throwing the dice in order to determine who Ric, II. p. 25 ; Ord. and Reg. p, 471 ; Lang-
shall empty the cup. See further in Guy toft, p. 224 ; Ywaine and Gawin, 741, Still
Mannering, ed. 1829, ii. 83. He it at M$ %A in use, applied to plants,
Thei Mled hem, I telle hit the,
finks, he is out larking. "With leves of a flge tre,
HIGH-KICKED. Conceited. Veer, dial CwtorMundiiMS. Coll. Trln. Cantab* f. fi.
HIGH-LONE. §tt4-Hiffh~Lcne. When thalre horses were hilled,
HIGH-LOWS. High shoes, fastened by a lea- Thay prtkkede fast thorow the felde,
ther tape in front. J ~arf dial. Bathe with tpere and with schelde,
HIGH-MEN. A term for false dice, so loaded &S, Lincoln A. 1. l?t f. 194,

29
 HtN
IIIR
450

(2) A ingcock of ^vhcat.sl ieaves, generally consist- (2") Hence ; hofore Irwir, AV^rf A, H i w* i if a \\ hiU\
of eleven- South. i.e. after a \vhtl<1.
(3) Behind; interior. Snmtrurf,
((3) strike ; with
To offer
1) To to present. Line. West.
the "horns. (4) A hert, or bind. Xotuinalo MS.
RILING, A covering. It occurs in MS. Cott. HiNEHEAT), Kindred; a dUtant cli»g-w« of
relationship. Lino.
Vespas. D. w. Ps, 35. See Chester Plays, HIN<3. Ta hanjr. AVW. Thi*
i. 29 ; Florio, p. 122. Now spelt Mlllnff. Left common in early writers. Tohiny fur
unexplained by Ritson, iii. 180, coverlets. to look liko rain.
He ftyrtge
HILL. Topovu'out. Wilts.
HILLABIMESSE, Hilary-tide. (A.-S.}
HILLEUNE. The elder tree. Pr. Parv. HINGE. Active ; supptf ; pliant, f h?*h. Otf
HIL.LET S. Hillocks. See Harrison's Descrip- the hinp;ps, i e. out of health^ ?*o bitty? uji, to
tion of England, p, 131.
HILL-HOOTJ3H. An owl. Chesh. entangle^
HINGE RS. toThe
got ears.
in a SIIPSS.
Xurth*
IIIL.LOCKY. Full of hillocks. North. HINGIN. A hinge. Sitfbl*.
HILT. (1) The handle of a shield. HINGLAND. England, jff. /^ /?m»H<».
(2 ) A young- sow for breeding. Fes/. HISGUS. (DA small hinge. Aiw?f » marc of
HILTS. Cudgels. Jonson. She is loose ia the wire. £Vwtf.
hilts, i. e. frail ; a common phrase. (2) The nepk^of a bottle. /,*«<?,
HILWORT. The herb pennyroyal. Gerard. HINNEY-IIW. An cxdainatioa of
HIM. To believe. Somerset, accompanied with
HIMP. tionsTo halt; to limp. Upton's MS. Addi- HINNY.(l) To neigh.
to Junius, in the BodL Lib. (2) A favourite term of oiulcurmeut. A crtr
HIMPE. -The succour of a tree. form of }i(tnf*y*
HIMSELF. He is not himself, i. e,? lie is out of HINT. (I) St^ed;took.
his mind. North.
Levy for wrootti a jt'nlc* fiinet
HIMSEN. Himself, Leic. And smot him cm thr ttetn! ft dint.
HINCH. To be miserly. Line. Cumtr Mn«fti, MS, Colt* Trfn. (*««*»*. f, ?«.
HINCH-P1NCH. "Pinse morilte, the game
(2) A eau&e, or subject. .S'/tci.
called, Hinch pinch, and laugh not," HIP. (i) 7'o haw any o&e m tke hty, to htva
Cotgrave. Compare Miege. the advantage of him. " Esfre a& tf?**tt9 d*
HIND. A servant or bailiff in husbandry- North. vent eneontre, to have the wind, tt^vantap^, twf
See Hine.
upper hand of, to have OH th«hiprn Cotgrave.
HIND-BERHIES. Raspberries, North. Hij) awl thigh, coni]>lptoly, entirely,
HIND -C ALP. A. tod of the first year. See (2) To hop, or skip over.
Holinshed, Hist, Scot. p. 66, 1IIP-B1UAR. The wild rose. North.
HINDER. (1) Remote ; yonder, far. dial IIIPE. To push ; to rip or gore with the )iom$
(2) To bring damage, or hurt Palsgrave. of cattle. North. Also, to make mouths at, or
($) To go backwards. Somerset. aifrout ; to censure.
HINDER-E OS. Refuse, Applied especially to HIPHAl/T. Lame in the hip. Tliia term occur*
refuse of com. North. in Gower anrl Lydgate*
HINDEREST. The hindmost. (^.-&) HIPPANDB. Ijimiwijc; hopping- (J*&)
Som ga« wrythanJc t« *nd fr*ye,
HINDERS. Fragments. Salop. And BO in gas htypuntlt s<h
HINDERSOME. Retarding; hindering. Joftn* k*c.
d« Wagt#ijti p. fit,
HINDGrE-B AND. The band in which the hinge HIPPANTf. A wrapjKjr for thft MpHofaawfaat.
of a gate is fastened. Hall JEw/.
HIND-HECX. The back end-board of a cart. HIPPED. Mfilaucholy, Pan <lml.
North
HIND-HEEL. The herb tansey. North. Ken- HIPPETY-HOPPET
hlinjf manner. Y." In a limping and hob.
If V*f.
nett, MS. Lansd. 1033. " Ambrosia, hinde- HIPP) N« -HO LI). A loitering pkcf ; a comer
hele," MS. Harl. 978. Hyndekale, MS. for idlf gosaips, JVf>rM.
Sloane 5, f. 2, Culpeper explains it, the HIPPINO-STONES. Larg*8f^tw£.Rt<m™ in
wild sage.
a brook for pa^cngm, Hijipmable, pa^wible
HINDROUS. Same as Hindertovte, q. v.
HINE. (1) A servant, serf, rustic, or labourer. by racans of such stotn'8.
HIPPJbBS. Small hay^cocka. NortA*
(d.-S.) It was sometimes applied to any HIPPOCRAS. A toferage compoaftd of vine,
person in an inferior grade of Society.
with spires and RUfrar, Btraiund through a
The knyglu went on h3s ways,
Whare the <Ie<i meiie. laye,
cloth. It is «aid to tiavis taken Its name from
And says oft in his playe, Hippocmtfd time, the term
Thir wereataute tyrw. gave Ofto them.
HIR. a strainer,
MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 137.
Ktehj/na holly and ha HIECHEN.
Trewely trowede thara to th?. fi. f. 233.
HIRP. Kearfc.
 HIT 451 HOA
HIRDEMEN. Attendants. (^.-£) HITCHER. The chape of a buckle. Cornw.
IIIRDUM-DURDUM. An uproar. North. HITCHING. Any corner or part of a field
HIRE. (1) To take a farm. East. ploughed up and sowed, and sometimes
2) To borrow, said of money. Suffolk. fenced off, in that year wherein the rest of the
(3) Their; her. (A.-S.) field lays
HITE. To fallow. 'Ooson.
hite up and down, to run about idly.
'4) To hear. Somerset. North. Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033.
Ami sayde, A, syster, lett me hyre
Wat ben they that ryden tiow her«. HITHE. A small port ; a wharf. (A.-S.)
Cower, MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 7- For now is Culham fiithe i-com to an ende,
An al the conti^S the better, and no man the worse.
'5) A host ; an army. (X-£) Lelcmdi Itineratium, ix. 201.
HIREN. Irene, the fair Greek. Peele wrote
a play in which this character is introduced. HITHEN. Hence, R. de Brunne, p. 26.
It seems to have heen a cant term for a sword. HITHER. Hither and yon, here and there.
SeeDekker, ap. Hawkins, iii. 173. Uithertoward, towards or up to this time or
HIRING. A fair for servants. North. place. East.
HITTEN. To hit. (A.-S.)
HIRNE.(l) A corner. (^.-S.) Hyrne, Pr. Parv. HITTERIL. Pimples on the skin, attended with
p. 93. Hi/ron, Chron. Vil. p. 100.
The stone that wos reprovyd itching. North.
Of men that were bJggand, KITTY-MISSY. At random. East. Cotgrave
In the hedeof the him« has, " Conjecturalement. conjecturally, by
Is now made liggande.
MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 91. ghesse, or conjecture,
HITTYNE. To hit. See habnab,
Flyne. hittie-missie.1'
(2) To run. Somerset HITY-TITY. (1) See-saw. Somerset.
HIRNES. Irons. Reliq. Antiq. ii. 84. (2) Haughty; flighty. Also, an exclamation of
HIRPLE. To limp, or walk lame. Also, to surprise. North.
bring forth, or litter. North. HIVE. To urge in vomiting. West.
IIIRSEL, (1) A flock of sheep, or lambs. Cum&. HIVES. Water-blebs on the skin. North.
(2) To move about ; to fidget. North. HIVY-SKYVY. Helter-skelter. Line.
HIRSELVENE. Herself. (^.-S.) HFWE. Hue ; colour. (A.-S.}
HIRST. That part of a ford in the Severn, over HIZY-PRIZY. A corruption of Nisi Prius.
which the water runs roughly. Also, a hank HI3R. Her. Arch. xxx. 409.
or sudden rising of the ground. HI5TLY. Fitly. Gawagne.
HIRSTE. A branch, or bough. (^.-£) HO. (1) Who. Kyng Alisaunder, 6218.
Than they hcldedo to hir hcste alle holly at ones What art thou, womman, that makyst swych cry ?
The hegheste of iche a hirste, I hette jow forsothe, Ho hath made thy chyld so blody.
Morte Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f. 88. MS. HarL 1701, f. 0.
HISK. To draw breath with difficulty. Also, (2) Out of all ho, out of all bounds. There is
to speak. North. no ho with him, he is not to be restrained.
HISN. His own. rar. did. Chapman wrote Ho was formerly an exclamation commanding
hernt her own, in 1599. the cessation of any action, as at tournaments,
HISPANISH. Spanish. (Lot.)
HISSEL. Himself, far. dial. and hence perhaps these phrases may be de-
rived. Let
" us ho/' i. e. stop, Towneley
HIST. The hearing. Arch. xxx. 409. Myst. p. 31. See the Erie of Tolous, 153,
H1STER. Be off! Line.
HISTORIAL. Historical. (^.-N.) Skelton, and further in Hoo. There's neither hau nor
ho with him, i. e. he is neither one thing or
i. 74, has historious. the other, a North country phrase.
HIT. (1) A good crop. West. Also, to promise Scollers, as they read much of love, so when they
well for a good crop. once fall in love, there is no ho with them till they
(2) To find. Also, to agree. North. have their love. Cobler of Cantei burie, 1608.
(3) 7V? hit the nail on the head, to take the But alas, alas, we have passed all bounds of mo-
right course. Mind your hits, embrace your destie and measure ; there is no hoe With us.
Dent's Pathway, p. 43.
opportunity. To hit on a thing, t(o find it. A
decided hit, any great piece of good luck or Howbelt they would not crle hoa here, but sent
clever management. Jn post some of their covent to Rome.
Stanihwst's Description of Ireland, p. 26,
HITCH. (1) An elevation or depression of a
stratum of coal. North. for anything ; to be careful and
To long West.
(3)anxious.
(2) To move ; to change places ; to fidget ; to
hop. North. Line.
(4) He ; she ; they. Essex.
(3) A slight twitching pain. East. To have a HOAP. Helped,
hitch in his gait, to be lame. A horse is said HOAR. Mouldy. Shakespear e has also the
to hitch, when he knocks his legs in going, yerb hoar, to become mouldy. " Boris, moul-
(4) To become entangled. die or fenced," Batman uppon Bartholome,
To hitch up, to sus-
* pend or attach slightly; to fasten, or tie. 1582. Still in use in Somerset.
HOARD. A heap, or collection. Var. dial
HITCH APAGY, A Suffolk game. Moor men- HOAR-STONES. Stones of memorial ; stone*
tions Hitchy Cock No. Suffolk Words p. 238. marking dmsionsbetweeii estates and parishes*
 HOB 452 HOB
As the Reverend Dr. Wren, Dtp««? of Wlndmi*,
They are still found in several parts of England, was travelling in his coach OUT Mavti'bWimKh
and are frequentlymentioned in old cartularies. dowries, a linnet or finch w.i* iM#rly tuirtufd by
HOAST. (1) A cough. Also, hoarse. North. a htthy or sparrow* hawkc, and t^okt* \aiirtuary in
(2) The curd for cheese before it is taken from the coach, A*ibrf»** Wilt*, Jtf,¥, Jfryaf &W. J>« MW«
the whey. Cumb.
HOASTMJEN. An ancient-gild or fraternity at HOBBY-HORSE. (I) The dragon-fly, ("row*.
(2) An important pcrsonafte in the morris danc«,
Newcastle, dealing in sea-coal. obsolete for two centuries, although the dance
HOAZED. Hoarse. Exmoor. is still practised, Th* hohhy-horse consisted
HOB. (l),The side of chimney. a grate, or the space be- of a light frame* of -wicker-work, foMfliuul to
tween that and the Var. dial.
the body of the person who performed the
(2) The shoe of a sledge. Yortok. character, whose legs were concealed by a
(3) A country clown. We havefatfaH inHoister housing, which, with a false head and mvk,
Doister, p. 39. It is the short for Rohert. gave the appearance of a home. Thus «'f|itip*
(4) An error, or false step. North. ped, be performed all sorts of an tics, imitating
(5) To laugh loudly. Somerset. the movements of a horse, ami smiting
(6) Hoi and nob, the act of touching glasses in juggling tricks of various kinds. A ladle v>its
hob-nob, to pledge in
that way. a health. To
pledging sometimes suspended from the horses tiinuth
(7) A two-year old sheep. Cornw. for the purpose of collecting money from tin*
HOB. A small piece of wood of a cylindrical spectators* To play the hobby-horse, i t*. to
form, used by boys to set up on end, to put romp. In the following passage, the may-pole
is supposed to be speaking
doth huhvr:— prancp,
half-pence on to chuck or pitch at with another The hoblw'hortte
half-penny, or piece made on purpose, in or- Maid Marnan and the Morris tintx^p
der to strike down the hob, and by that means My summons feu-heth far diul war
throw down the half-pence ; and all that lie All that ca« swagger, swtl, and swear,
All that can dance, and «lrab» end drink,
with their heads upwards are the pitcher's, and
the rest, or women, are laid cm again to be They run to me as to a 8l»U« Jtfft'. Hrtr/, J*J*t.
pitched at. HOBBY-HORSE-DANCE.
HOBBETY-HOY. A lad between boyhood and " Bromley Pagets was remarkable for a VITV
manhood, " neither a man nor a boy," as the singular sport on New Year's Day aw! Twelfth
Day, called the Hobby Horse Item* : aper««n
jingling rhyme has it. Tusser says the third
rode upon the image of a horse, with a bow
age of seven years is to be kept " under Sir and arrow in his bands, with which be made*
Hobbard de Hoy." The phrase is very van-
Palsgrave's Acolas- a snapping noise, keeping time with the munir,
ously1540.
tus, spelt, Children Hobkdehoy,
give this name to a large whilst six others danced the bay ami othrr
unmanageable top. country
HOBBJL. An idiot. North. on their dances, with asTo many
shoulders. this rein-d^er'bbeatli
bobby-horse Iw*
HOBBINS, Rank grass, thistle, &c. left in a longed a pot, which the reeves of tbe town
pasture by cattle. North. kept and filled with cakes and ale, toward*
HOBBLE. (1) A place for hogs. East. which the spectators contributed a penny!
(2) To tie the hind feet of a horse to prevent and with the remainder maintained their 1*00$
him straying. North. and repaired the church," Mirror, xix. 22B./
(3) To trammel for larks. Palsgrave, HOBBY-LANTHORN, An ignfft&tutui, A^ao
HOBBLE-BOBBLE. Confusion. Suffolk* termed a Hob-lantern. / "orr. dial*
HOBBLE-DE-POISE. Evenly balanced Hence, HOBCLUNCH. A rude clown. See 2 Promos
wavering in mind. East. and Cassandra, iH. 2,
HOBBLEDYGEE. With a limping movement. HOB-COLUNGWOOD- A name given to the
HOBBLERS. Men employed in towing vessels four of hearts at whist North.
by a rope on the land. West. HOBBLEN. To skip over. (A.-S.)
HOBBLES. (1) Rough stones. East. HOBBLER, A light horseman ; one who rwle
on a hobby. Formerly, some tenants were
A wooden
(2)legs instrument to confine a horse's hound to maintain hobbies for thnr use in
while he is undergoing an operation,
HOBBLY. Rough; uneven. Var.dial case of their services being required for the
HOBBY. (1) A small horse ; a poney. The defence of their country in an invasion, and
hohby came originally from Ireland. See were called hoheler*. )fttftcttar*9 HoHnshed,
Harrison's England, p. 220; Stanihurst, p. Chron. Ireland, p. 09. See al*o Octovian,
gO ; Holinshed, Chron. Ireland, p. 83. Hobby- 1598, "hobelers and bquyers."
HOBERD. A simpleton ; a ftvol, or idiot,
headed, shag-headed like a hobby, • HOBGOBBIN. An idiot #ort*.
(2) Sir Posthumous Hobby, one very fantastical
in bis <Jress ; a great fop. HOBGOBLIN. A ghost, or tteni Sometime*
termed a Hobhoulwrd.
(3J A goose, Durham- HOB-HALD. A foolish clown. AM*.
(4) A very small kind of hawk. See Dorastus
and Fawnia, p. 34 ; hofo, MS. Addit. 11579 ; IJOBKNQLLING. SpungiQ
Harrisofc, p. 227; Cotfrraye, fo ?• ffobreau, of one's friends. North.
Still in use, HOB-LAMB.
 •453

HOC HOF

HOBLEtt-HOLE. The hinder-hole at a hoy's scnbed

at the Hox Tuesday play, annually acted
Coventry.
game, alluded to in Clarke's Phrascologia HOCUS. To cheat. Hence the more modern
Puewlis, 1655, p. 255.
HOBLERS. Sentinels who kept watch at bea- term hoax. Sphits that have laudanum put
cons in the Isle of Wight, and ran to the into them are said to he hocussed.
Governor when, they had any Intelligence to HOD. (1) To hold; to snatch. North.
communicate. MS. Lansd. 1 033. (2) A heap of potatoes, covered with straw and
HOBLESHOF. A great confusion. soil. West.
UOB-MAN-BLIND. See Hood man-Blind. (3) A hood, cap, or helmet. Also, any kind 01
HOB-NAIL. A rude clown. Var. dial covering. (. /.- S.}
IIOBOY. A hautboy. Beaumont. (4) The crick in the neck. North.
HOB-PRICK. A wooden peg driven into the (5) A hole under the bank of a rock, a retreat
heclss of shoes. North. for fish. Yorksh. See Holmshed, Descr.
of Scotland, p. 15.
HOB-SHACKLED. Ilaung the hands or feet
fastened. Lane. (6) A chimney-hob. MS. Lansd. 1033-
HOliSON'S-CHOICE. That or none. This HODDEN- YOWS. Ewes intended to be kept
saving is said to have taken its ribe from over the year. North.
Hobson, a carrier and livery-man at Cam- IIODDER." A thin vapour.
bridge, who never permitted his customers HODDING-SPADE. A sort of Yorfoh.
spade principally
to choose their horses, hut compelled them to used in the fens, so shaped as to take up a
take them in succession. Hobson died on considerable portion of earth entire. East.
HODDON. Had. Hearne.
January 1st, 1631, and was for many years
the carrier of letters between London and HODDY. Well ; in good spirits. East.
Cambridge. Many memorials of him are pre- HODDY-DODDY. (1) A terra of contempt, a
. served at the last-named town. weak foolish fellow. See Kemp's Nine Daies
Wonder, p. 21. Hoddy-pekc is Ubed in a
HOB-THRUSH. A goblin, or spirit, generally similar sense. See Hawkins, i 205. Skeltun
coupled with Robin Goodfellow. See Cotgrave, has hoddypoule. Florio, p. 98, has hoddydod,
in v. Loup~garou\ Tarlton, p. 55. The a snail-shell, but I cannot trace any positive
millopcs is called the Hob-thrush-louse. e\idence of a connexion between the u\o
If he be no hob-thrwih nor no Robin Goodfellow,
I could fimlewith nil my heart to sip up a sillybub 1 words. " Hoddymandoddy, a simpleton,"
with him. Two Luncttshne Lutwti, 1040, p. 222. Cornw. Gloss, p. 95.
HO BUB. A hubbub ; a hue and cry. Ilolin- (2) A revolving light. Devon.
shecl, Chron. Ireland, p. 150. Uooboob, llorio, HODENING. A custom formerly prevalent in
p. 51. Still in common use. Kent on Christmas Eve, when a horse's head
HOBYING. Riding on a hobby. Lydyate. was carried in procession. This is now dis-
HOC. The holyhock. (A.-S.) Hocks, Cot- continued, but the singing of carols at that
grave, in v. Rose. season is still called hodming.
HOCCAMOUE. Old hock. Butkr, HODER-MODER. Hugger-mugger. Skelton.
HOCHE. A coffer, or chest. Pr. Parv. HODGE. To ride gently. North.
HOCHJEPOT. A mixture of various things HODGEPOCHER. A goblin. " A hobgoblin,
shaken together in the same pot. (A.-N.} a Robin Goodfellow, a hodgepocher," Florio,
p. 190. Ilodyepofar, ibid. p. 191.
Now spelt hotch-potch. See a pun on the HOD IT. Hooded. Ly&gaie.
term in the Return, from Parnassus, p. 262. HODMAN. A nickname for a canon of Christ
HOCHON. Each one. AudHay, p. 50.
HOCK. An old game at cards, borrowed from Church, Oxford.
the Dutch, ami mentioned by Taylor. HODMANDOD. (1) A snail-shell. Smth. Some-
times, the snail itself.
HOCK-CART. The harvcbt-home cart; the So they holsietl her dawn just as safe and AS well,
last loaded waggon. Sec Herri ck, i. 139.
And as snug as a hodm<tndi>d riilcn m his hhfll.
HOCKBR. To climb upon anything ; to scram- TAt. New Ruth Gvlde, ed. JB30, p. 36
ble awkwardly; To do anything clumsily;
to stammer, or hesitate ; to loiter* North. (2) A scarecrow. West.
HOCKERHEADBD. Rash. North, HODMEDOD. Short ? clumsy. Wext.
HODZIED. Huddled. Laugtoft, p* 273.
HOCKET. A large lump, Glouc. HODS. Cases of leather, stuffed with wooi,
HOCKETIMOW. An instrument for cutting put over the spurs of cocks when fighting to
the sides of ricks, generally formed of a scythe- prevent their hurting each other.
blade fixed to a pole or staff. VParw. HOE. Same as Ho,q- ?,
HOCKEY. Same as Hawfoy, q, v. HOES. Hill«» Anturs of Arther, v. 5.
HOCK1E. To hamstring. S&iwer.
HOCKS. To hack* West. HOPEN. Utol, or heaved up. (A.-S.)
Bot no *awl* may thithen pai,
HOCK-TIDE. An annual festival, which began Uatyl It l)« all cleene al« it fyret was,
the fifteenth day alter Easter. Money was When he was hqfen at fount-atane.
formerly collected at this anniversary for the And hy» crystendom thare had tane,
Hampole, MS Boit 9J, jv, 99
repairs of the church, Sec. Laneham has de-
 HOG
nor
i name ^vn
Hcrtelfke ttl htm lu> wen to,
And doihieh therfuhkeshentc; ;ui4*ully ami
Forhi>. hwerd hefco/up hoye, , riujr that iiji
And the hand he dideof fle^e,
That he smut him with s-o bore;
II w mithe he don him shame more ? H ; '' ,' * youujf girl vt*rv'i!r{)r«ivnl*
,- . A she«'p uu«» jcar "!*Z.
HOFE"Y. A cow. North, Albo, a term u&eu m HOGO. A bad smHL JVir. thai It
calling cows.
HOFF. (1) The hock. Also, to throw anything formerly any btnmg flavitur iwi'ompaiiu
under the thigh. North. a1 powerful suidL SH» SkinntT.
HOG-OVER-HUiH. LtMp-fr^, fatL
(2) To make fun of; to mock. Line.
HOFTE. Head. Skelton, ii. 246. HOG-PIGS. Barrow j>ig*. 4Yw/A.
HOFUL. Prudent; careful. (A.-S.) HOG-RUBBER. A clownish p*rsi»n.
HOG-SEEL. The thick skin ou the nirk and
HOG. (1) A term for a sheep frpui six months
old till being first shorn. Some say from a shoulders of a hog. Kant,
lamb ; others, a sheep of a year old. The last HOGSHEAD. To couch & hnyKhtatt, to lay
meaning is the one intended by early writers. down to sleep. A cant j>hr4g«.
(2) Same as Hod, q. v. HOG'S-HOB BLE. See liMIe (I).
(3) A shilling. An old cant term. According HOGS-NORTON, " I think thou wast liom at
to some, sixpence. H(oggs -Norton, where piggs play upon th«
the organs," Howell's English Proverbs, p. 16.
(4) To drive hags, to snore. To lying one's hoys This proverbial phrase was commonly ad-
to a fine market, an ironical saying of any one
dressed toany clownish fellow, unacquainted
•who has been unsuccessful. A hoy in armour,
» with the rules of good society.
a person finely but very awkwardly dressed.
(5) To hog a horse's mane, to cut it quite short. HOG'S-VUDDING. The enfrail of a hog,
stuffed with pudding;, composed of flour, cur-
(6) To carry on the hack. North*
rants, ami spice. South.
HOGATTES. , " Bidens, a sheepe -with two
teeth, or rather that Is two yeres old, called in HOG-TATURS. Bad potatoes of a blue colour
only fit for hogs. Bwfa.
some place hogrelles or hotfattes" Elyot, 1550. HOGWERD. Knot-grass, Norf.
HOG-COLT. A yearling colt. Devon.
HOG- WOOL. The first fleece in shearing Iambi.
HOGGAN-BAG. A miner's bag, wherein he East. It is omitted by Forby.
carries his provisions. Cornw.
HOGGASTER. A boar in its third year. Twici, HOGY. Fearful. See Tuntlale, p. 15.
p. 32 ; Reliq, Antiq. i. 151. The term was also HOH. High. (//.-£)
Hwan Havelok herde that she rachta,
applied to a lamb after its first year.
Sone it was day, sorxe he him datiile,
HOGGE. (1) Care ; fear. (4.-S.) Hoggyliche, Anil acne to the kirkt* ywtc»
fearfully, Chron. Vilodun. p. 112.
Or he dutCAiii othiT (U'dc,
(2) Huge. Langtoft'a Chron. p. 31. And bifor the rocJo biKJin laJI^,
HOGGEPOT. " Gees in hoggepot," Forme of Croia and Crist bifrjauj to katlt*,
Cury, p. 24. Now termed hodge-podge. Hog- And hcydts Lovcnl, that «il w« Iitt'S,
pooh was used very early in the metaphorical Wtnd and w«ter» wfwle* ;.mt fck!c*»
For the fn>h rinlco of you,
sense, as in Audelay'sAnPoems,
HOGGERDEMOW. p. 29. used for
instrument Haveracrd of me» Lov«ritf ««wlittMitft,
} 13RU
cutting hedges with. Wanv.
HOGGERS. Same as Cockers, q. v. HOT. A word uscrt i» driving h<^-t.
HOGGET. A sheep or colt after it has passed HOICE. To hoist. (JolliwV OW Battalia, |>.
its first year. Var. dial. 77. Ifoutinff* Harriwm, p. 12U.
HOGGINS. The sand sifted from the gravel IIOIDEN. Tlic name of fcome. ftnima, resnark-
before the stones are carted upon the roads. able for the vivacity of its motion** cwiywtiirt'il
Essex. hy Giiford to IMI a leveret. It ww formerly
HOGGREL. A young sheep. P'tteffraue. applied to the youth of both sexes.
HOG-GRUBBING. Very sordid. East. HOII* To expel. SM«i(i
HOGH. A hill. See Hoes. HOILB. Whole; sound. (^.-A)
HOG-HAWS. Hips and haws. South. Wych multitude hya fader was ootntriyuc't,
HOGHE. (1) Oweth ; ought. (//..&) Mawgre hy« myghte, into * touir to rt*'f
And. dredc wyl make a man sloghe , Hyssoneuukynde hath offtym dk U-yfitif ,
^nd yette/ forallchys straunRo atlvtwyte,
To do the servyfie that he Ao#ft<».
MS. HarM701,f.34 Ofhlscorage themnpnauimltd
\ n Uyaperione »t<xle AoJf«(, ly#t not vary,
(2) High. Towneley Mysteries, p. 262,
T houghe fortune was to hyro cnntr^rit*.
HOGLIN. (1) A boar.
Be that lay that y leve ynne,
My lytyllespote hogtyn, HOTLS The beards of >>*r]ey, /Mr^. TJ»b
Dere boghte thy dethe schalle bee. seems to be the same a« fiftih in &w «arly jflo«n
H& Cantab. Ff, il, 38, f. 66* in Reliq. Antiq. ii. 84.
(2) An apple-turnover. Mast. HOINE. To Imnws, worry, or 0ppm*4.
HOOMAN. , A kind of loaf. See the Ord. and to whine, line,
HOIST, Voice. Also, a cough, &(W.
 I10L 45f> HOL
HOISTKH. To support. (2) Held ; considered.
Humility was tho biholde,
HOISTING-THE-GL'OVE. A Devonshire cus- And pride was a vice holde.
tom of carrying a hand with the first two
Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 32
fingers erect, aud snrrounded by flowers. This
was formerly practised at Lammas fair. (3) Friendship ; fidelity. (W.-A) Also an aU
HOIT. (1) A newt. Sucks. jective,Antfaithful.
.suore othc« ^oWe,
(2) An awkward hoy; an ill-taught child. North. That huerenon ue sholde
(3) To indulge in riotous and noisy mirth. Horn never bytreye. Kyng Horn, 1259.
JJ'cdater. HOLDERS. (1) The fangs of a dog. West,
(4) A large rod, or stick. Lane. f2) Sheaves placed as ridges on corn stacks to
HOIT-A-POIT. Assuming airs Unsuitable to hold the corn down hefore the thatching takes
age or station. East.
HOITY-TOITY. See Ility-tify. place. Derb. *
HOLD-FAST.. A phrase used to horses to move
HOK. An oak-tree. See a very early libt in MS. from one cock of hay to the next m carting it,
Sloane 5, f. 5. as well as to caution the men on the top to
IIOKE. (1) A hood. Nominale MS. hold fast. far. dial.
(2) To gore \\ith the horns. West. IIOLD-FUE. Putrid blood. North.
(,*>) A rook, or corner. Kemwft. HOLDING. (1) A farm. Cornw.
(4) To romp, or play; to gamhol. Someritett (2) The hurden of a song. SkaJc.
HOKKU. (1) Frt>\\ardness. (J.-S.) Hokerlich, HOLDYN. Beholden. Ipomydon, 1840.
Wright's Pol. Songs, p. 204. HOLDYNLYCIIE. Firmly. Translated by /™-
(2) A blwpliftcr. See Dekkef s Lanthorne and citer in MS. Egerton 829.
Candle-light. 1C20, sig. 15, iii. *• A cunning HOLE. (1) A game played by ladies, mentioned
nleher, a craftie hooker," Florio, p. 167. See by Miege, inv. Trou. It consisted in trund-
Harrison's England, p. 183* " Hooking and IJng little balls into eleven hole^ at the end of
stealing," Florin, p. 217. a bench, and is the same game ab 2V«/i/'v,
HOKKT.(l) Scorn ; contempt. (A.-S.}
(2) A plsix thing. (</.-JV.) q.v. This game is mentioned in Taylor's
HOKY-POKY. Hocus-pocus. North. Motto, 12mo. Lond. 1 622, sig. D. iv. « I rou
Madame, the game called trunkes, or the
HOI,. \Vhole; bound. Ki/wn. Hole,'* Cotgrave.
HOLAHD. A ribald, or harlot. Holers, Roh. (2) The name of one of the worst apartments in
(Hour. Chron. p. 20. In Clifton1** translation the Counter prison. To hole a person, to send
of Vt'gccius, holonrt'tt ILVG mentioned us unfit to him to gaolj Craven Dial. i. 231.
be chosen knights. MS. Douce, 291, f. 10. (3) To undermine. North. To make holes, or
HOUJEARDKSS. Hulberts. Union, p. 1. bore. Pr. Parv. p. 2-13.
HOLD. (1) A fortre^. (,*.-£) (4) Entire ; whole; sound. (^.-5.) " Be hole
(2) To cry hold / an authoritative way of sepa- hundrethcz on hye," MS. Mortc Artlmre, f.
rating combatants, according to the old mili- 77. Also a verb, to heal or cure.
tary laws at tournaments, etc, Yachalle m a lytulle stowncle
(3) Mold the?, i. v. tuk« the letter, &c. See Ben Make th>s knyghte /M/<? and fere.
Jonson, ed, Clifford, iv, 3 17. MS. C<Mtab. Ff. n. 38, f. 155.
(4) A dispute, or argument, East. (5) Hollow ; deep ; concave. North. Metapho^i-
(5) Trust ; faithfulness. ThtM in no hold in cully, hungry, cheerless, or comfortless.
him, i*«. he is false and treacherous. (0) A scrape, or difficulty. Par. dial.
(6) To take care ; to beware. m Concealed. See Octovian, 1355.
(7) A stag was said to take his hold, when lie (8) To earth, as a fox, &c. North.
went into cover. Seo the Cent. Roe. (<)) To hide. Middleton, ii. 400.
(8) To hoUl #/i#»V w/vj, to per.mt in the same con- (1 OJ Middle , See Craven Gloss, i. 23 1.
duct* Tohold one kirk, to k«iep clow to the (11) Hcle znfection,one's
point. To hold for ffwrf, to approve. To hold Var. dial.coat, a blemish or imper-
household, to live thriftily. To hutd out in HOLELYCIIE. Wholly, f I fame.
Aa;jdfT to persuade him, to amwe in order 1o HOLETTtfZ. Holes.
deceive. To hold one with a tafa to keep him And he hadd grcte mcrveylle, and a&ked thame
dawdling with trifling conversation. Hold if thay hadd ai>y other hows£zr and th«y anauerd*
»nd s;tid, nay, botin thir lutlettez duelle we alwayt-.
belly hold, glutted, satiated. A'of
the caudle /or very inferior to. To hold with, Jit to hold 1 and in thir eaves. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 3D.
to agree itt opinion. To be in httldi to be HOLGII. Hollow; empty. (4.-S.) f/olte,
grappling with one another. Forme of Cury, p. 78. HolJcet, hollow, sunk,
(0) To bet a wager. To hold a jwe/my, to bet a Anturs of Arther, ix. 12. " His eighen waxes
trifle.
holle,"Reliq. Antiq, i. 54.
HOLIMAUL. To beat. Somerset.
( 10} To put a price on a thi»g. " What hold you HOLINTRE, A holly-tree. Reliq. Antiq. i. 82,
thi% Ixwk at ?" Also, to agree to a bargain.
UOtDR. (I) 014 Holiness, (/A-5.)
O wy m wfe»r«? y ^yt » In heven »hal thai wotie with me,
outcn pyue wtih ftotttf,
3/A'. Cantab. Vf. v, 4$,f. U,
 HOL 456 IlOM
HOLL. (1) To throw, far. dial in early timosto ha\« IHTU generally
(2) A narrow, or dry ditch. East. to a forest of :>!»all extent. Drw^t'it >;tys it Sa
(3) Hollow. SeetfofrA. "a peaked hill co\ori'd with w(tn 1,"* u stkuso
So it felle that a knyghte of Macedoyne, that which exactly suits the rtmf*'.\t in th?' quota.
hyjte 2ephilusf fand water standynge In an halls
stane, that was gaciird thare of the deweof the he- tions given !>y IVrcy. A* A hoult, ur gru\e of
vene. MS. 'Lincoln A. i. 17, f.27, trees about a houses" Howt'U.
HOLLAND-CHEESE. Dutch cheese. Seethe Now they hye to thcfeiW<»r tht(s h.vr.j^'oxts hnyflhtte*,
Citye Match, fol. 1639, p. 10. To herkene of the hye nu-nc to hcljicDe thi i<* Umlcx.
HOLLAKDS. Dead branches of trees. Sussex.
(2) Holt for hottetfi. See Mauntoile, p. 1B2;
HOLLARDY-DAY. Holy-rood clay. West. Reliq. Antiq.i. 111.
HOLLE. Sound; well. (A.-S.} "Whilhewas (3) To halt, or stop. Var. dial.
hoik and sounde," MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, (4) A holing, going into a hole, or putting a ball
f. 51. It occurs in R. de Brunne.
into a hole, which is required at several games.
HOLLEIC Aholyhock. Nominale MS. holing.
I gained three points at one holt, I. e, at one
HOLLEN. The common holly. North. See
Percy's Heliques, p. 281. (5) SameasJtfW(5).
HOLLER. Better in health. (^.-S.) HOLTLESS. Careless ; heedless. Hertf.
He cussed tho jerdes knelyng there. HOLUS-BOLUS. AH at once. Zme.
Was he never holler eie,
Cursor Mwndt, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab, f. 51. HOLY-BYZONT. A ridiculous figure. North.
HOLLING. The eve of the Epiphany, so called HOLYMAS. All Saints-day. East.
at Brough in Westmoreland, where there is an HOLYROP.
annual procession of an ash tree, lighted on HOLYS. HullsWild hemp. Warner.
;hubks. * Gerartl
the tops of its branches, to which combustible HOLY-STONE. A stone with a hole through it
matter has been tied. This custom 5s in com- naturally, and supposed to bo of great efficacy
memoration ofthe star of the wise men of
the East. against witchcraft.
HOLY-WAKE. A'orM, Glove.
A bonfire.
HOLLOBALOO. A tumultuous noise; con- HOLY-WATER, Htfy-walfr font, hoty-wattr
fusion, accompanied with noise. vat, the vessel containing holy-water carried
HOLLOCK. A kind of sweet wine. It is men- about in religious processions. Hoty-watcrr
tioned in Gascoigne's Delicate Diet, Jsond. stone, the stone vessel for holy-wat<»r, placed
1576;Florio, p. 17. near the entrance of a church. The latter i&
HOLLOW. To Imt a person hollow, to gain a called a holy-water stock by Pula^rave. Holy-
contest thoroughly, where much less exertion water cterb, a wityricol name for a poorxdio-
would hare carried the point. Hollow or fiat, lar. " s/gue&ajitlwfj a lioliwatur clt'rke/'
a game mentioned in the Nomenclator, (Nominale MS.) a person who carried the holy-
8vo. Lond. 1585, p. 298. water. The term occurs in Ljdgate.
HOLLOW-MEAT. Poultry, rabbits, &c., any Anthony Knrvet hath oi>teyn*Hl the Bhshf»j*rik qf
meat not sold by butchers. East. Also called KHdaretoasymplc Irish prt'stt*, u vaual^tmdc. with-
hollow-ware. out leniyng, manerB, orgixidqutttityf1, not worthy
to bee a hally-wat^r clerc. State P&WM, H, HI.
HOLLY. Entirely ; wholly. (A.-S.) Hottyche,
IIOMAGEK, A vassal (A.~N.}
Chron. "Vilodun. p, 19. A»d ever withovrttyne askyng, he «r»d his ay«»r»
HOLM. (1) Flat land ; a small island ; a deposit erir to Arthurs whjllet hi* tyffe IAM*.
of soil at the confluence of two waters. Flat
Mttrte Arthuret MS. Lmrttlu<, f. tW.
grounds near water are called holms. "Some And aftur kyngys xv.,
call them the holmes, hicause they lie low, That homaff«rit# to hym bene.
and are good for nothing but grasse/' Har- MS, Cantab. Ff, ilWt f I«7'
rison's Descr. of England, p. 43. HOMARD. Homeward. See the Prere au<l
(2) The holly. Some apply the term to the the Boy, eel Wright, st. 22,
evergreen oak, but this is an error. HOMBER. A JuLmmer. We»t.
HOLM-SCREECH. The missel-thrush. West. HOMBLE. A duck, Dow/.
HOLN. Hid ; concealed. (^..£)
HOLON DIS. High lands ; dry ground. HOME. (1) Them. Sec Sir ttcgrevani, i2.
HOLPE. Helped. Still in use, Holpyn occurs (2) Clo&ely; urgently. £asf,
in the same sense. HOMEBRBDS, Young kine, bred at U<ntit\ or
And for thou hast holpyn me now, on. the premises. JSasf.
Ever more felowes I and thow. HOMECOMK. Arrival. AV/A,
MS. Cantab Ff.v. 48,f.53. HOME-DWELLERS, Inhabitants of any plan*,
HOLSTEK. To bustle. Exmoor, as opposed to strangers.
HOLSUM. Wholesome. Lydgate, HOME-HARVEST. A harvest-home. Line*
HOLSY. To tie by twisting, &c. Befo. HOMELINGS. Natives; residents. See liar-
HOLT. (1) A grove, or forest, (,£-£) Holies rison's Description of Britaine, p. 6.
hore. the hoary woods, a very common ex- HOMELLS. Larg« feet. Jfom
pres ion inearly poetry. The term is still in HOMELY. (1) FamUiarly* To be homely witli
t^e for a $m&Q plantation, and appears even a woman, &c. Horman.
 HON 457
HOG
Take the spices and Urynk the wyne HONEY-CRACIL A small plum, very
As homely fit> I did of thyr)5. mentioned by Forby, in v.
J/A'. Qt.ttab* Ff. v. 4ft, f. 55. HONEY-LINGUfeD/ Honoy-tongucd. (Lai,}
(2) Saucily; pertly. Ord. and Reg. p. 156. HONEY-POTS. A boy's game. They roll
HOMEHE. To mumble. Nominate MS. themselves up, and arc then pretended to he
HOMERED. Hammered; struck. (J.-S.) carried to market by others as honey, the
HOME-SCREECH. Themibsle-thrush. West. amusement consisting in the difficulty of con-
HOMESTALL Ahomesteid. East.
tinning in the required position.
HOME-TO. Except. Somerset. HONEYSTALKS. Clover ilouers, which eon-
HOMILELE. Humble. (J.-S.) tain a sweet juice. It is common for cuttle to
Love maketh in the Laid mom
MS, overcharge themselves \\ith clover, and die.
AVrftv.
HOMING. Ridiculous. TTflNto.
HONKYSUCK, The woodhine. Mst.
HOMLINESSE. Domestic management. (./.-&) HONEYSUCKLE* According to Culpepper,
HOMMERED. Decayed; mouldy. YorA-a/i, the Ythite honeysuckle and red lioney.suekht
HOMPEL. A kind of jacket, Xorth. were names of the, \shite and red suits of
HOMSOM. Wholesome ; agreeable. meadow trefoil. In the West of England,
That growcth fullc of fwinwn flouris fay re. the red clover is still called honeysuckle.
Lyttgttte, MS. &><: Jttttq. l&t, f. 12.
HOMUKS. Large legs. /W*. See also (icrard's HerhaHt ed, Jt)lmsonr p.
1187. The yellow-rattle is likewise so called.
HOXDE. (1) A hound, or dog. (.,£-&) Monties- HONGE. To hang. Lytiyatt.
tout/?, the herh hoimd's-tongue, MS. Lincoln In cvylletyme thou Uctiy»»t hym wronge;
Medic, llec. f. 283.
He ys myu *me ; y aduitlt" th« /«»»»^.
(2) A hand. And honflc I fhf ketf, I promise MS (\iHtali. Ft*. U ,'«», f.lSK
you on my hand, Sir Degrevant, 832, 1272. IIONGET. Hanged. (J.-.s.)
The Almayns flewe with ther Uromlyj* Hum of theim was l'(m»lc *nrt>,
Bryght tlrawen in thor Aftiufy*. And at'turwurde fum^'t t;» ri'< re.
«VS. Cantab. Kf. H.rW, f. 10$. *r,v. (tonttA. Kf. v. w, f 48.
HONPEN. Hands. Chron. Yilod. p. 79. HONICOMB, A flaw or deled in a piece uf
HONDKXE. ordnance;, or small cannon.
Make cure osrago atcse, thiso avennuut chsUlyrtw, HONISHEl). Starved with hunger and cohl.
And luk je ht»ul?,He them alle that in myne mft* U'nfli'Z. I.ann. Hence, lenuuud miserable.
Jftn'te drtlutrr, 3/A*. loimuiti, f. (17.
HONOI2R. A hundred. MVw/a. HONKOUTH. Strange; Imvi'zu. "An hojw
k<uith Iond«',f> Uemhrun, p. 4111.
HON'D-HABWMJ. Stealing. (./.-&) HONOUANCK. llontmr. ^/..4V.)
HONE. (1) Stockings ; hose. A */•//*. Ill ttltlHil'flt *V <>f ,Ih<'HU CrMHt,

(2) To delay. Towndcy M vhtcrh-h, }>. 11 . •SJtU'th KtiUeaml lunvth l^i. ,VX .A.'rf./, HKI.IK, f.ifc/,
(3) Shame; mockery. (-/.-.V.) In the A. <w «»«>««•*• <»f »w*'t«* Jtu(*u,
SIrGawayn aiHwcr«l, a!* ntrtnyn, Th.it »» LovrriJ ful of vt-rtu,
Thou g.il nught d.i, Kir, .ik thou sm.s ; ,v. l^iwrf. m, f, I
Of is liif ami o
This honowr sal n ght In' myne,
Bot swtw It aw wdt* at l«' thino ;
I gtf it the h«r» wJthowtt-n />o;/irt word fcprwumnlto he the longest i
And grantee that I nm utuitmt*. It fretjuently occurs in old plnyfc.
Yit'itttti' atut (hi win, p. 1S4. HONOIJ «. Oheiwancc. blrtchrr*
(4) A hand. („/.-£) Aluo, a Iwrkbtiiii*. HONOlTR-HRKiHT. A \i»»y common
(5) Any. *' In hone way," MS, Douce 301 tutitm of integrity. / ar, thai,
(6) To long for; to desire. Aor/A* Lye has HO.NOCRIHK. Adorned, (,/.-,V)
this as a Devonshire word,
tHtnti/#f onuimentH, Tundule, j*. f>0.
(7) To swell ; to lucreo**. far. rf/a/,
tl{>NT,'(I)
(2) lUunt A Kyng
huutaman. (./.-s.)
Alhaunder, fuWl.
(8) To ill treat, or oppresn. t'ra^r^
(9) A thin piece of dry and fetale bread,
Devon. Also, an oil-cak«, HONTKYB.
IIONTLK. A IHshdiuHir;
handful itifamj.
AVM/ (,'/.-A*,)
HONEST, (1) Nobto ; hontmrahle. (^-V.) HONY-S\YBTK. Swwst a-. Imni»y. ( J..&)
(2) Chaste. This sense is htill returned in the H(M>. (1) Halt ; ntop. See //// ^2),
phrase, h* ha* mod* an Ao«/**/ wamtn af Aw, I *rr fulk- IVwp that «»ui«p>e I* rtt
i. e* married, her after having lad her a»tr«y» Who haf ft* *» niix'ftt that <*«» «*y A««»
(3 ) To do honour to. Jumtm, IT^, C^w^A. Kf, it. -TJt. f **.
HONESTEE. Honour; virt«e \ «l<i<rcn<7 ; good When th«m art ta«ht# th^t thoo tehuHt »t AM
manners. (^*-M) Of *w*t>nfc, but wlwm hy t wtw netl^
HONESTNA8. Ornament. Bliwkf« note* to
Thou K-ornwt thrm thut *cy« cht MX*,
Thttti iak«ftt to myo tweityg oon rmic,
J«/,V. /A^/t f, 17.
Chronifxm. Vllodun* p* 64*
HONESTY. The herh talbmuclL
HONEY. To twecteu, or flight; coax, or (2)No*A I*erythefnfoxbunting*
tlrcvln to
holt», hoo to hym, h<o«»» h«to !
flutter ; to <mr«»s. It is stUl used «« A term For wad h« crtfpc out he will* yuw nlu- iind...
of endearment. Uuloet, In his Ahcedarium,
1W2, to honeycomb in the latter 6en*c. HOOP. (i)\\<HHt. Krcerpta l!>tf'.> »•>,. n. •'
 EDO 458 HOP
HOOSLVG. The husk of a nut.
(2) The same as Coffin^ q, v.
HQOS1VER. HOWOUT. >0nUA.
HOOD-END. The hob of a grate. Yorh/i.
HOODERS. The two sheaves at the top of a HOOT. Hotly? eagerlj. (A.-&)
shock to throw off the rain. Also called Hearmyd hym a.s> hv»tt
hood-sheaves, and hoods. North. And nunny4 hys boot. MS Cbntab. Ff. ii. 38, f, 1 It*
HOODKIN. A leather bottle formerly used by HOOTCH. To crouch, //w/.
physicians for certain medicines. HOOVIXU. Hoeing. Wwr.
HOODMAN-BLIND. Blind-man's ImiF. See UOOZE, A diftk'ult biTaiHii:^, or half sou^h,
Florio, pp. 26, 301, 480; Nomendutor, p. 298 ; peculiar to cattle. AVr/A. See the Pr. Parv.
Cotgrave, in v. Capifoit, Clme-uHtcettPi Savatef and Honn.
Cooper, 1559, in v. Mya. It h called Hob HOP. (1) A dance, far. dial, Ako a verb, as
man blind in the two Angrie Women of in the following example.
Abington, p. 113, and Hoodwink byDrayton. But yf that he unto your j»r,ice ^(teynf,
AnU at a revell for to *e yow A«^jw. .MS. Vturfa t Iti,
" The hoodwinks play, or hoodrnanblinde, in
some places called the blindmanbuf," Baret's (2)Also,
To kop the The
to die. iw*g,latter
to escape
is moreon^'s cn'diiorn.
cummon.
Alvearie, 1580, H. 597.
HOODMOLD. A moulding projecting over a (3) \Vood fit for hop-poles. Ktitt,
door or window. Yorkslt. (4)Tojo^, or jolt. Howll.
HOOFE. To hove, hover, or stand off. (,-/.-£) HOP-ABOUTS, Apple-dumplings. fl*f#f*
And kastedowne a stone, and stony e munye knj^tos, HOP-ACRE. About half an acre, <jr that space
Whyle we shalle hixtfi** ami byholdi?, and no stroke' of ground which is occupied by a thousand
smyte. jifff. C«tt. C<i!t$< A, ii. f. 118. plants, fltrrf.
HOOIND. Much fatigued. Yortih. HOP-CREASE. Tlic guiutt of h»p-scotoh.
HOOK. An instrument of a curved form \\ith HOP-DOG. An insfnuiu'iit IISM! to draw hop-
which some sorts of corn are cut. The differ-
ence between a hook and a sickle is that a poles out of the ground. A*a//.
hook is broad with a sharp edge, whilst a HOPE. (1 } I lelped J «/*. ///«/.
sickle has a narrow blade with a serrated edge. (2) To expect j to trust ; to thinK. AKo, (*%pt»tf-
JBy hook or by crook, by one means or tation. {/f.-6'.) **So«n{ hopt-d !«» \un fli»i
another ; a very common phrase. It occurs feud of hell," i, c. thought, Snju rf.j^c^, UHI2.
The occurrence of the word \\itli thv tt,t*;nui)j£%
in Du Bartas, p. 404 ; Flono, p, 72. Hook is here given has led some modern editors into,
a common term of reproach in early writers. many strange blunders.
HOOK-BACKED. Hump backed ; crooked. (3) A valley. Also, a hill. North. The term
HOOKER. Same as Hoker, q. v. occurs in the Morte Arthurs, MS. I<iucuh», f,
HOOK-PISHES. Those kind of fishes that are
caught by hooto. Line. 80, " thorovve hopes."
HOPE-RING. A hoop-ring?
HOOK.SEAMS. Panniers. North. A gret rmg of gtmhl on hirf Jyttcll Hu^'rnit hi«
HOOLE. Wholly. Nominate MS. right hand, like a wedding riijfle, a/i*»/i«'-»ji v,\
Af,V../ff/jw,^H(^rf,5<f,
That arte to God so acceptable and dere,
That hoole his grace is upon the falle. HOP-HARLOT. See ttap-kariot.
Lydgate, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 2. HOP-HEADLESS. \Vhen a king I
HOOLY. Tenderly 5 gently. North. person, he was said to make him hup /,
HQOM. An oven. Yorksh. a phrase which occurs in nmay ctirly uritcr«,
HOOP. (1) A bull-finch, Somerset. and was even applied to dtvujtifatiwMi* battk.
(2} A quart pot, so called because it was formerly See Laagtoft, y. Uil ; Uallr Kthvard IV,, f. 3.
bound with hoaps, like a barrel. There were Vaspabiane in the vale the won ante b>ho! Irt J^,
generally three hoops on the quart-pot, and How tho hethen happed h? rf/w to the ur<nn«tl<f.
if three men were drinking, each would take MH. &'tt.C'<//w A. !i.f 114.
his hoop, or third portion. The term is &till HOP-HORSES. Ladders ft»r tb« \mr^v of
ia use, and explained as a measure consisting horsing hops. See lion* (5).
of four pecks ; some say, one peck. " ELIf a HOPHOULAD. A species of moth which ap-
hoop of corn/' Tullie's Siege of Carlisle, p. pears in May. Wore.
22. According to Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033T HOPKIN. A treat to labewrns aftt-r http.
the hoop contained two pecks j but in his picking. Kent.
Glossary, p. 147, he says only one peck. HOP-0-DOCK. A larn*> \\vMrn. Cratvit.
(3) Hoop and Hide, an in-door game. Daniel's HOPOLANIX A military cloak, wacli; of t«»ar^
Merrie England, i. 5. cloth. SeeTcdt Vetust., pp. IK/, '2!H. TU
(4) To boast, or brag. Line. term was applied to several kind* of lm*0
HOOPER. A wild swan. Kennett.
HOOH A whore. North. Jt occurs in the garments,
HOP-O-My-THUMB. A very dfrninittiw j»*r-
Towneley Mysteries, p. 148. son. / 'nr. dial " HopjHJ tifiou my
HOOROO. A hubbub. Wane. "Hoo-roo, fretilton" PalfiKrave.
the devil's to do," a proverb. HOPPE. Linseed, Prompt,
HOORS. Hoarse. (A.-S.) Hoos occura in the IIOPPEN, A maggot . So
Prompt. Parv. p. 248. Hoozy, Cornwall Gloss. HOPPER. A «ccd.b»«k«t " A
p. 95, and used also in Devon.
hopeiv," M«. Kgerttni 82^
 HOR 4 »9 JHOJR
applied to a person with large buttocks. Ken- I10HD. Treasure. (//.-&)
Hit bhalbe thoujt, if that 1 mow,
uett says, *' any one whose lameness lies iu Hit js vvel kept in hwde.
the hip is called hopperarsed." Ho\\ell lias MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, U 54.
the term hopper-hipped. Lex. Tet. sect. 21. HORDAN. Whoredom. More/tame, Reliq- AH-
Hopper-cake, a seed-cake with plums in it, tiq. i. 323. Horedam, Ritson.
with which the fanners treat their servants Covetys, ho>d<mt envie andprute,
\vhen seed-time is finished. Has spred this werld on lenth and wide.
HOPPER-FREES. When the tenants of the 2tf(S. Cow. Vvai.a*. A lii. f. 11
manor of Sheffield ground their corn at the HORDE. (1) A point, or edge. (M.-S.)
lord's mill, some of them \\ere called hopper- (2) A cow great with calf. JDevou MS. Gl.
frees, being privileged in consequence of some HORDE-HOWS. A shed for cattle. Also, a
extraordinary service which they performed treasure house, or treasury.
in keeping the \\eirs upon the river in good Ryghte above Rome yate,
repair. Hallamshire Gloss, p. 51. Ail hot de-fiou's they have* Jet make.
HOPPER. TROUGH. The box in a mill into MS. Qnitftb JPf. ii. 38, f. 137.
which the grain is put for grinding. West. HORDEYNE. Appointed. R. Glouc. p. 452.
HOPPESTERES. Dancers. (A.-S.) HORDOCK. A plant mentioned in some early
IIQPPET. (1) To hop. Somtwef. 4to. editions of King Lear,
(2)used
A hand-basket. I'ar. dial theirAlso, HORE. (1) Whoredom ; adultery,
by miners to measure ore the
iu. dish Syth the tyme that Cryst Jhesu,
(3) An infant in arms, Yorhh. Thorough hys grace «ud vcrtu,
Was in this world bore
HOPPING. (1) The game of prison-bars, in Of a mayd withowt hwet
which the persons who play hop throughout And thewoilit Crystendom
the game, gerfcs. Ajnong mankynd first become,
(2) A dancing. A country fair or wake, at Many adventuifs hath be wroujt,
which dancing is a principal amusement, is so That after men kuoweth noujt.
called in the North of England. MS. Cell, (frit Cantab. 107.
Men made* song and hopwg?nt
(2) Hoary; aged; grey. (^.-&) To become
OgAin the oomi.' of this kmges.
drthwrand ftferliH, p. 332. hoary. Heliq. Antiq. i. 121.
Leve we now of kyng Quaie,
HOPPING-DEttBY. A diminutive lame poison. And speke we of Armyn the fiore.
North. Forby has ho^pbi(j'(jilan^ a common MS. Cantab. Ff. h. 38, f. 192,
Thys emperour waxe oklo and ho>et
appellation of any Violently
HOPPING-MAJX one who 'limps.
angry. Glow. And thoght to sett hys bone to lore.
MS. Ibid. f. 12;j.
HOPPIT. A small field, generally one uuar a
house, of a square form. j&wu?. (3) Mercy ; grace ; favour. (. /.-£)
And mefcelyche cryedehurre mercy and fare.
HOPPLE. To tie the feet of an animal, to pre- Chmnicon. Vilodun.^. 75.
vent itstraying. Hence, Caw-ho$ptes. Also, HOREHO"WSE.
to manacle a felon, or prisoner. A brothel. Prompt. Parv*
HORELJNG. An adulterer. (^.-5.)
HOPPLING. Tottering? moving weakly and And wendebi heom that is wiif
unsteadily. East. And hire howling- It were. MS. Laud. 108, f. 116.
HOPPY. To hop, or caper. West. This form HORELL. An adulterer. (^.-£)
occurs in Skelton, i 113. IIORESIIED. Hoarseness. Arch. xxx. 409.
HOP-SCOTCH. A common children's game. IIO RE WORT. The herb cudweed.
The object proposed in this game is to eject a HORHOWNE. The plant horehound. " An
stone, slate, or " dump'7 out of a form linearly heved hor als horhowne," Reliq. Antiq. ii. 9.
marked on the ground in different directions, HORN. (1) A corner. Kent. (W.-S.)
by hopping, without touching any of the lines. (2) To gore with the horns. Korf.
Called Jfopscore in Yorkshire. '") In a horn when the devil in Wind, spoken
HOPSHACKLES. Conjectured by Narc« to be ironically of a thing never likely to happen.
some kind of shackles imposed upon the loser Devon.
of a race by the judges of the contest The HORNAGE. A quantity of corn formerly given
term is used by A&cham, yearly to the lord of the manor for every ox
HOP-THUMB. See Hop^o-my-thumb, worked in the plough on lands within his juris-
A cockney eland fj>rat hopfovwb, diction. See Cotgrave, in v. DrM.
Prettye lad jEnca*. Sttaiyttuivft Virgil. 1SS3, p. 71,
IIOKN-BOOK, A single sheet protected with
HOP-TO, A grasping fellow, one who jumps at horn, formerly used by children for learning
everything. Su/oSc.
their alphatak It wa# usually suspended from
HOQUBTON. Thegambeson. (/sUV.)
HORCOP. A bastard. JPahffrave. the girdle. Pegge gives the phrase to breaJe
For, *yr, he »eyde, hy t w«r« not fay re one's horfr-tiooJc, to incur displeasure.
A ftfrcop to be yowre heyre. HORN~Bl/R$. To bum the horns of cattUs
MS. Cantab, ff. II, 38, t. 7$, with t&e owners* initials. North.
Then was he an horcopp! HORNCOOT, An owl. Baiky.
Thou Mf tie fotbc, maystyr, be my toppe r HOftNBD. Mitred. MS. Bodl. 538.
w. f. m.
HORNEN. Made of horn. J'ar. dial.
 IIOK
HOB, 460
HORNER. (1) A cuckold. DMer. ($) A machine upon which auuliin^ \< \\i\i\ <ried
(2) A maker of horns, Homeresser, a female by laying it across. A pKuik to .suiiti ujx in
horner. Palsgrave, digging hi wet »ihrhe> us M> railed.
IIORNEY. A falsehood ; a cheat. North. Also (4) Monte ami foof, altogether, entirely, u Hone
a name of the devil. and halivck is s»ai<l to be the fay cry word \\uoa
HORNEY-TOP. The end of a cow's horn, made they go a gusbupiug*" Vrry's MS. Adda, to Ray.
like a top for t>oys to play \vilh. (5) To tie the upper branches of the hup-plaut
HORN-PAIR An annual fair held at Charlton, to the polo. AV«tf.
in Kent, on St. Luke's day, the 18th of Octo- lIORSE-BALlilir. A <liHt-e or bitll perforincd
ber. It consists of a riotous woh, who, after }jy horses, ttfaunt.
a printed summons dispersed thiough the ad- HORSE-BA2E. Wowipr. Xorthunth
jacent towns, meet at Cuckold's Point, near HORSE BE KClf. The hornbeam. ^HA-AW.
Deptford, and march from thence, in proces- HORS E -H HAM C L Ji. The \\ ild nw«v Kurf.
sion, through that towa and Greenwich, to HOUSE -CH1RI3. The her!) genimnder.
Charlton, with horns of different kinds upon HORSE-COD. A horse collai AV/A.
their heads ; and at the fair there are sold HO RS 12 -CORN. The biualt t w n which m se}w-
ram's horns, and every sort of toy made of rated by sifting. /Mwit. Harrison, p. ll*8r
horn ; even the gingerbread figures have horns. crives this term to beans, peaa, oats, <5tc.
It was formeily the fashion for men to go to HORSE-COURSEK. A hon»( • ueaier. Sec Mar-
Horn- Fair in women's clothes. See further in lowe, ii. 178; Uurrisou'a Bn^land, p. S220.
Grose and Brand. The term //omww/x'r is anil iu U5>c iu the
HORNICLJE. A hornet. Sussex. North of England.
HORNKECKE. The fish green-back. Pakgrase. HORSEDJE. 0« horseback.
It occurs apparently, as a term of contempt, a The duke UMS ho^f>if njMViUs
foolish fellow, in Skelton,ii. 77. Hcprikkctl f M<; MS. in r!u-I, i^-lft
i».,ks if.\. t. 17, f, I»J.
HORN-MAD. Raving mad. See the Optick
Glasse of Humors, 1639, pp. 47, 129, 165; HORSE-GODMOTHER. A large masculine
W. Mapes, p. 285. Hornewood, Stanihur&t, woman, coarsely fat. / "irr.
lu woman, augd iswtetue»s let me «T ;dial.
p. 26 ; Chester Plays, li, 68.
No galloping hurxH'ifittlmuthe'i't for in^
HORN-PIE, The lapwing. East. fft«f Pituktp't O *r *v» <^*.
HORNS. To make horns at a person, to put HORSE-GOGS. A himl of \\Ucl plum.
the forefinger of one hand between the iirst IIORSEHEAD. Many wprtenx, applied to j
and second finger of the other. See Tarlton's mare. Somerset. Also, fiorwAod.
Jests, p. 15 ; Cotgrave,in v. Ciron. HORSE HELME. A kind of herb, uientioacd it
HOKN-SHOOT. To incline or diverge, said ol MS. Lincoln Mcd. f. 200.
any stone or timber which should be parallel
with the line of the wall. North. HORSE-HOE. A break of laud. ,S'w<M.
HOUSE-KNAVE. A groom. (./.-.Vj
HORN-THUMB. A case of horn, put on the And tru>se here hultrls f^rtli wttii IJH-,
thumb, to receive the edge of the knife, au And &m but HH here ht>r»t -k^ure.
implement formerly used by cut-purses. Hence tfutw, Af»V. A'<»c. dtifitt. i,%4, f. US,
the term was used generally for a pickpocket. HORSB-KNOP. Knapweed far. dial
HORSB-LAUGII. A loud hearty laugh.
HORNY-HIC. A boys' game. Moor, p. 238.
HORNY-WINK. The lapwing. Corwo. HOKSELDER. The herb wmjwiwta* It is
HOROLOGE. A clock. (Lot.) called horwlte in MS. Med. Lms, t 2K1, di-
HORONE. The white horehound, Pr, Pare. campane. Compare Gerard, Suppl.
HOROWE. Foul. Chaucer. Still used in HORSE-LEECH. A horMt».(betor, or fnrner.
Devon, pronounced horry. IIORSE-LOAVES. A kind of Im'ttd, foriunly
HORPYD. Bold. (A.-S.) given to horses. It was anciently a cntmuoa
Hermyte, me pays vele vrith thee, phruse to say that a dimitmtitu person wtts ii»
Thou arte a 'hor$yA frere. MS. dsttmole 61. higher than thxee horwj-lcmve*, A \s\\uw
HORRIBLETE. Horribleness. (jkJV.) still current aays such a one mit&t Hand on
HORRID GE. A house or nest of bad characters.
Dorset. three penny loaves to ltn»k over the Wk ol' a
goat, or, sometime, n daek.
HORROCKS. A large fat woman. Gloue. 110RSE-MA-GOG. AlUgng, /,W. A1»of n
HORRY. The hoar-frost. Suffolk* large coarse person, the. latter ln*iiig likewise
HORS. Horses. Chaucer. a fiorse-tnorfteit or hvr
HORSAM. Money. Yorksh. HORSB-NEST. A
HORSBAD. A term of reproach, perhaps cor- an old tale. 6'/0ttp.
rupted from whores-bird. HOKSE-NIGHTC'AP. A buttdfo of
HORSBERE. A horse-litter. (<•/.-£) HORSE.PENN tKS* The hir»»
HORS-CHARGE. Horse-load. \VilL\Verw. p. 15. HOJtSB-PLA Y. Rough spi>rt.
HORSCHONE. Horse-shoes. Lydjate. UOKSfi-PONI). A |K>nd «u$e<t chiefly for water-
HORSE. (I) Hoarse. (A.-S.} ing hor«£8. Tar. rfwi/,
(2) An obstruction of a vein or stratum hi a mine. HORSB-SHORS. The game of «**
North. was formerly pUyed with
 HOS 461 HOT

HORSE-STINGER. A gad-fly. West. HOSTELE. To give lodging ; to receive into an

HORSE-STONE. A liorse-block. Lane. inn. Hostellers, an innkeeper. See Maimde-
HORSE-STOPPLES. Holes made by the feet vile, p. 214. The students in the ancient
of horses in wet land. South. hostels, or small colleges, at Cambridge and
HORSE-THISTLE. The wild lettuce. Oxford, were called hostelers, Harrison, p. 152.
HORSE-TREE. The beam on which the tim- Hostelrie, an inn, or lodging-house. Pegge
ber is placed iu a sawpit. North. has, Host-house, an ale-house for the recep-
HORSE-WARE. Horse-wash. Bete. tion of lodgers.
HORSIIARDE. A keeper of horses. This term And also that soldyors, ne others, shall t? ke no
occurs in Nominale MS. horsemete, ne maniies meate, in the said through e-
faros and borowghe townes, but at suche price as the
KORSING-STEPS. Same as Horse-stone, q. v. hostleis maye have a reasonable lyve'ng, whiche
HORSKAME. A curry-comb. " Calamistnim, shalle mcurrage them to dwell ther.
a horskame," Nominale MS. State Paper*, h. 506.
HORSTAKE. A kind of weapon. " Horstakes, HOSTER. (1) An oyster, line.
laden with wylde fyer," are mentioned in the (2) A kind of jug without a handle, Devon.
State Papers, iii. 543. IIOSTILEMENTS. Household furniture ; any
HORT-YARD. A garden, or orchard. See kind of utensils or implements. Sometimes,
Florio, ed.1511, pp.93,138. hustlements. (A.-N.)
HO RYE. (1) To be anxious. Dorset. HOSTING. A hostile incursion. See Stanihurst,
(2) Come nearer ! An exclamation usually ap- p. 21 ; Holinshed, Chron. Ireland, pp. 7, 27.
plied tohorses. Deri). Some sayeth, the Kinges Dcputye useith to make
HOS. Hoarse. Ritson. See Hoors. so many groate rodes, jornayes, andhostdnges, nowe
HOSCHT. Hushed. Ritson. in the norths p.irtyes of Wolster, now in the southt
HOSE. (1) The throat ; the neck. Cuml. partes of Mown^ter, nowe into the west partyes of
(2) The sheaf of corn. North, Conaught, and takeith the Kinges subgcttes wyth
(3) Breeches, or stockings, or both in one. The hym by compulsion. State Papeis, ii. 13.
hose appears to have had many various shapes IIOSTOUR. A goshawk. It is the translation of
at different periods. ancipiter in MS. Addit. 11579.
Of gmle sylke and of purpull palle, HOISTRIE. An inn. (A.-N.)
Mantelb <ibi>ve they c :ste ,i)l , I10STYLDE. Hospitable. Also, put up at an
Ifc'fvv they had uppon, but no schont1, inn or hostry. MS. Bibl. Keg. 12 B. i.
Barefotc they weretkvery ehone HOT. (1) His. Suffolk.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii, TO, f. 149.
(2)( A'umo.
finger-stall. Lane.
•4) To embrace. From liaise, q. v. SeeKcnnctt, I (3) A kind of basket used for carrying dung.
v MS. Lansd. 1033.
HOSELY. To receive the sacrament. See
(4) What. Somerset.
Hearne's Gloss, to Rob. Glouc. p. 659. '5) Ilight ; ordered. Tristrem Gloss.
HOSERK. Whosoever. 6) Hot in the spur, very earnest or anxious on
Also for ftosere wold come thctler the.
any subject. Neither hot nor cold, under any
CArow, niodun p. 131.
circumstances. Hot peas and bacon, a game
HO-SHOW. The whole show; everything ex- similar to Hide and seek, only the thing hid
posed to sight. South. \ is often inanimate.
HOSIER. Formerly this term was applied to
(7) To heat, or make hot. Nott*.
tailors who sold men's garments ready made. HOTAGOJE. To move nimbly, spoken chiefly of
HOSPITAL. Christ's Hospital was often called the tongue. Sussex.
the Hospital bybld writers. Foundlings were HOTCH. To shake; to separate beans from
sent there on its first institution.
peas, after they are thrashed ; to limp ; to be
HOSPITALERS. Religious persona who at- restless ; to move by sudden jerks, or starts ;
tended the sick in hospitals. (Laf.) to drive cattle ; to boil a quantity of cockles
HOSS. A horse. Var. dial.
together. North. When they shake potatoes
HOSSE. To buxz about. Pakgraw, in a bag, so that they may lie the closer, they
HOST. (I) Tried, lane. are said to hotch them. Cockles also are said
(2)consider
To reckon without one's host, i, e. not to to be hotched, when a quantity of them has
all circumstances. The following
been boiled together. It is likewise used to
passage gives the original meaning of tins signify an awkward or ungainly mode of pro-
phrase, which is still common.
But the! reekenptl before thi'tr host, and so payed gres ingas
; the old woman said, " I bustled
more then their uhotte came to, through the crowd, and she hotched after me f
Hntl, Htnrv VI., f. 49. and when a man, walking with a boy, goes at
such a rate as to keep the latter on the run, he
(fy To abode, or lodge. Shak.
(4) To b& at hott, i, e. at enmity. is described as keeping him hotchiny. Most
HOST AYE. To make a hostile incursion. probably from the French hocher, which means
Bee Estyrc, wilMhe cmpwour, I ettylle my«elf<rae to shake, jog, &c. Line.
?o hwtfiyf, in Almaynewith armedeknyght.r. HOTCHEL. To walk awkwardly, or lamely ; to
Marie Arthur«t US, Unwln, f.50 shuffle hi walking. Warw.
HOSTE. To swell, or ferment Arch, xxx. HOTCHENE. To beat ? to chop ?
 HOU 462 HOU
Kittis thourghethe harde stole fulle hertly dynttis, They account of no man Chat hath not abflitl*
Sonne hotchene in holle the hethenneknyghtes. axe at IUs girdle to huugh dogs uitht0r W(>are»»ot a
Horte Arthure, MS. Lincoln, f. 92. cock's fotherin athrumb hat like a cavahcr.
HOT-COCKLES. A game in which one person
lies down on his face and is hoodwinked, and (4) A hollmv, or <M1. N&rfh. See the Chum.
Alirab. <»d. Black, p. 4.
being struck, must guess who it was that hit
him. A good part of the fun consisted in the IIOUGHEIt. The public1 whipj*er of criminals,
the executioner of criminals. Xeirc.
hardness of the slaps, which were generally
given on the throne of honour. It was for- HOUGIILE. Tin* shank
HOUGHS. A dirty drab.
merly a. common sport at Christmas. See
Hawkins, iii. 204 ; Florio, p. 26 ; Cotgravc, In HOUGHTS.
v. Bouchon. Goldsmith mentions the game in HOULE. An Large
owl. rluniM- fwLMS.
Noniinale
his Vicar of Wakefield, ch. xi. To sit "upon HOUL-HAMPERS, Hollow and empty sto.
hot cockles^ to be very impatient. inachs. Crttren.
Paraph. It is edicted that every Grobian sh-ill play HOULT. Same as Jlvlm (1).
at B amber yeftoft cockles at the four festivalls. IIOUNRIXDE. To loo^n, or ftw. (-^-.^)
Tant. Indeed, a verye usefuJL sport, but lately IIOUN'CKS. The ornaments on the collar of a
much neglected to the mollofiemge of tlieiUsh. cart-horse, East.
Old Plat/, MS. B«dL HO UNC U UTEIS. Uncourtcoiw.
HOTE. (1 ) A vow, or promise. (//.-&) Uuunntrteh no willi be,
Wytnes of othe and of hf>te, Nc con 1 noat on viud. &fS.
Yn hevene alle thyng they wote. HOUNCy-J<3UNCY. Awkward. /:«»/.
Jt/S. Hurl, mi, 1. 19.
HOUND. (1) A common tenn of reproach, still
(2) Heat. Kyag Alisaundcr, 3386. in frequent use. To hound a person, to
CJ) Promised, Also as Hot (5). abuse him. YvrM.
And glf thou do a* thou has me ficte,
Then shalle I gif the a cote. (2) To set on, as a dog, £<\ AV/&
SIS. Cantab. Ff. V. 48, f. 48. IIOUNDBENE. The herb linarlumnd.
(4) To shout, or make a noise. HOUNDBERRY. The nightshade, forard.
HOT-EVIL. A fever. Devon. HOUNDED. Hunted ; scolded, flwan.
HOT-FOOT. Same as Fate-hot, q. v. HOUND-FISH. Tlicdog-fish, {^.-^.) Hownd*
HOTH. A heath. Launfal, 250.
HOT-HOUSE. (1) A brothel. Shalt. HOfyssh, Lydgate's Minor The
C^NDIS-BERVE. Poems,
plant p.20L
morel.
(2) In salt-works, the room between the furnace HOUNE. (1) A hound. Chaucer.
and the chimney towards which the smoke is (2) Own. See Wright's Anec. Lit. p. 12.
conveyed when the salt is set to dry. HOUNLAW. Against law. (./.-&)
HOT-PLANETS. The blight in corn. HOUNLBJvE. Pi^loyal. (J.-^)
HOT-POT. A mixture of ale and spirits made HOUNSELE. Unhapphiess.
hot. Grose. With muehel lutunxtfe ich lede ml Hf>
And that Js for on sucte vrlf, JAY JTWfffty 06.
HOT-SHOOTS. A compound made by taking
one third part of the smallest of any pit-coal, IIO-UP. The hunters' halloo. Cent, Kt'C. B4.
sea, or charcoal, and mixing them very well IIOXJPED. Hooped, or hollowed. ( /.-M)
together with loam, to be made into balls with HOUPJEN. To hoop, or shout. (*-A-.V.) lloup
urine, and dried for firing. is the word generally UHftd in matching cattle.
HOT -SHOT. A foolish inconsiderate fellow, HOUPY. A horse. OVHT«»-
See Melton's Sixefold Politician, 1609, HOUHES* The Komish church service. (^,-A.)
p. 53 ; HowelPs English Proverbs, p. 4. HOURNYNG. Adorning. (Lat.)
HOURSCHES. Rush ?
HOTSPUR. A rash person. " An headlong hot-
spur," Holinshed, Chron. Ireland, pp. 97, 101, Bot jltte tho hathplhsU? 011 hy, hnytht-nc and othw,
Ail /ttiuwhes aver h«lr hftrmw Iff wyrfcp,
Also an adjective, warm, vehement
HOTTEL. A heated iron. North.
HOTTER. To boil ; to rage with passion j to HOUS.
trouble, or vex. North. HOUSALk Domestic. Col(jrttre>
HOTTES. Huts, Also, oats. HOUSE. (I) In a farm-ho«sc» the kitchen or
HOTTLE. A finger-stall. North. ordinary sitting-room, Kenntitt $ay», the
HOTTS. (1) Water-porridge. North. hall SeeMS.Unsd.1033,
(2) The hips. Craven Glossary, L 235. (2) To put com in a. barn, Swfh.
(3) Round balls of leather stuffed and tied on the VA-*A.
sharp ends of the spurs of fighting-cocks, to (3)
(4) To to get ashid*com >dfm,
hide jthick,
To grow ^«*/.
prevent them from hurting one another. (5) A deepbing into which block tin b put after
HOT-WATERS. Spirits. North. This term smelting* Derbytkm
occurs in Ord. and Beg. p. 352.
partition m a ch««8-lH«Lr<!,
HOUDERY. Cloudy \ overcast. We#f. 7) ATo put the town out of wwrfow?*, to CKQte
(0)
HOUGH. (1) A burrow, or den. Bast, great disorder. To fa tit thtt hm#* tqp, Jo *
(2) To breathe bard > to pant South. great rage, Worth*
(3) To disable an animal by cutting its houghs- (8) To stir ap, Tim l^hhln n\m^
t.inc. See MS. Lansd. 1033. A child's* eo?ertet,
 IIOV 463
HOW
HOUSE-DOYE. A person who is constantly (7) A child's caul. Palsgrave.
at home. West. (8) The ground ivy, or alehoof.
IIOUSELE. The Eucharist. Also, to admi- (9) Dregs of oil, impurities floating on the suis
nister the sacrament. To ben houseled, to re- face. Prompt Parv.
IIOVE-DANCE. The court-dance.
ceive the sacrament. (4.-S.) Houslyutfpco- Whereas I muste daunco and synge
ple, people who were houseled, or commuui- The hcive-dnuncf and carolynge,
cants, spelt fiusseling people in Blount.
With holy wordys intobredd he can hym dresse, Or for to goo the nt'we fot,
And there h& housylde that lady dere. I may not wel heve up rny foot.
Gower, MS. Sac. Jutiq. 134, f. 177.
MS. Ouitab. Ff ii. 38, f. 47.
Doo calle me a confessour with Criste in his armes ; With harpe and lute, and with citok*,
I wille be hwaclde m haste, whate happe so brtyddys. The hooe-dannce and the caroh>.
Mmte drthuie, MS. Lincoln, f. 98. Gfww, MS. Ibid, f 246.
HOUSELINGS. Tame animals, or rather ani- HOVEL. A canopy over the head of a statue.
tr. TTyrc.
mals bred up by hand. North.
HOUSELL. Housings. Nicolas. HOVSLLERS. People who go out in boats to
HOUSEN. Houses. Vair.dial. To housenee, land passengers from ships passing hy. Aenf.
IIOVEN. Swelled. Haven-bread, leavened
to stay at home. Housing, Harmon's Bri- bread. Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033.
taine, p. 33 ; Audelay's Poems, p. 33 ; Arrival HOVER. (1) Same as Hod (5).
of King Edward IV. p. 36.
HOUSE-OF-OFFICE. A Jakes. See Fletcher's (2) To pack hops lightly in order to defraud the
measure, Kent.
Poems, p. 117 ; Arch. x. 401.
HOUSE-PLACE. Same as House (I). It is also (3) Light, as ground is. South.
called the Housestede. (4) Open. Kent and Sussex.
HOUSING. (1) A petticoat. Line. HOW. (1) A hunting-cry. See Boo (2).
Thai halowyd here howndys with haw,
(2) A niche for a statue. See Blo-\am's Gothic In holtis herde I never soche hew.
Architecture, ed. 1844. MS. Douce 302, f. 34.
(3)turn
The over
leather
the fastened
hack whenat a Ithorse's
rains. collar
It to
is (2) Whole. Tim Bobbin Gl.
(3) A hill. See Robin Hood, i. 106.
scarcely necessary to observe, the term was
applied anciently to the coverings of a horse of (4)Vilodun. Care. See Ellis's Met. Rom. iii. 49 ; Chron.
p. 2G ; Kyng Alisaunder, 1210. Also
various descriptions. an adjective, anxious, careful.
HOUSS. (1) Large coarse feet. East. Wel ncighe wode for dred and howe,
(2) A short mantle made of coarse materials, Up thou schoteat a windowe.
generally worn as a protection from showery Arthour and Merlin, p. 43.
weather, (Fr.) Dryden uses the word, and ThcTiowe wiif anon it fett,
sad work docs Forby make of it, ii. If)/. And yedeand held it bi the fer.
Arthovr and Merlin, p. 38.
HOUT. Hold. Also, ought, anything.
HOUTE. A dunghill cock ? Juuiwt. 5 Deep, or low ; hollow. North.
HOUTING. An owl. S&mmet. 6 Who. Kent and Sussex.
HOUTS. Pshaw ! Nay! North. 7 Ought. Apol. for the Lollards, p. 4.
HOUZE. To lade water. Yorfoh. To conglomerate. Suffolk.
HOVE. (1) To btop, or hover, (^,-£) m In such manner as.
Awh.le they hovld and byhtld (l6) An exclamation, Stop !
How Arthurs knlghtis rode that day, HOWAT. Come along. Northwmt.
MS. Hart. 2252, f.89. HOWBALL. A simpleton. Thynne, p. 48.
Awhile she htwyd and byheld. HOWBERDE. A halbert. MS. Ashm. 208.
MS. Ibid, f. 119.
HOWD. A strain. North.
Two knyghtys satre he hove and abyde, HOWDACIOUS. Audacious. Var.dial
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 80.
HOWDEE. A salute ; how do ye do ?
(2) To lift or heave. North. See Kyng Horn, HOWDER. To walk heavily. Cumb.
1277. In the following passages it appears to HOWDON-PAN-CANT. An awkward fall.
mean heaved or lifted at baptism. ffowdon-pan-canter, a slow, ungraceful mode
Or ;yf a man have hove a chylde,
God hyt ev«t fortoede and thylde, of riding. North.
MS, Hart. 1701. f. 12. HOWDY-MAW.
labour. Newc. The conclusion of the day's
Of hy» godfaxiry*, maydyn or knave,
Hy« brethren or witren may at here pay
HOWDY-WIFE. A midwife. North. As an
Wddde, but he that h#w never may. example of the length to which absurdity in
MS. Ibid. f. 12. derivation may be carried^ here follows the
(3) To behove. Collier's Old Ballads, p. 55. presumed origin of the term, — '* Jhesus hodie
(4J To take shelter. Cfosh. natus est de virgine."
(5; To move. Somerset. HOWB* K«ghf A proper name. Pr. Parv.
Qttod heer thaimc Hove oute of my tunne, EOWBD-FOR. Provided for. Witts.
And l«*e it tchyne into my tunne. HOWELLBD. Splashed; dirtied. Zmc.
G*u>*r, MS. 800. Antiq. 134, f, M.
HOWEN. (1) Own. Weoer.
(6) To float on the water, as a ship, &e. (2) To hoot, or shout. Nominate MS.
 HU HO)

HOWES. (1) Haws. See Isenbras, 167. A46-iHUB. (1) The nave of a \*W1. Or^\.
Suffolk form, according to Moor. (2) A small stack of hay; a thick square M«!
(2) Hoves ; remains ; tarries. (A.-S.) pared off the surface of a jicat-hotr. \vt«',i ihi*«
Oure burlyctie bolde kyng appone the bente Jiouvs ging for peat; an obstruction tif unuhiji.ir.
With hisbataile onebrede, and baners displayede. North.
Morte Artfiure, JITS'. Lincoln, f 7 (3) The mark to be thrwu at in quoits or MWI*
HOWGATES In what manner.
. commandementes (^.-5".) other games. East.
Thise thre lerres mane hotcgtttes
(4) The hilt of a weapon, f ); to th? hnb% m fur
he salle hafe hym yncnce Godd the Trymtt> as possible. Sttjfolk.
MS. Lincoln, A.i. 17, f. 201
HUB BIN. A small anvil us<vd by hlat'k^fultln
HOWGY. Huge; large. West. This form in making nails. West*
occurs in Skelton, ii. 24. HUBBLE-BUBBLE. A device for nuicikinR
HOWK. To dig ; to scoop. North.
HOWL. Same as Eola, q. v. tobacco through water, which mak<»s u Jn»l>.
HOWLEGLASS. The hero of an old German bling noise; also, a person who sprakn wi
confusedly as to be scarcely inteHijriWV.
jest-book, which was translated into English
HUBBLESHOW. Confusion ? tumult, SOUK'-
in Shakespeare's time, and his name seems to times, hubble-te-shives. AVM, AK« vv*
have heen proverbial among our ancestors for
any clever rascal. plained, a mob.
HOWLET. The barn or white owl. Also, a With that all wa* on a AwMJ^iiM'K
Dttftottr IJtruMr Alt, n. <\
term of reproach. North. IIUBBON. The hip. Thu Bobbin, <!l.
HOWL-KITE. The stomach. North.
HOWNTES. Hunts. Lydgate.
HUBSTACK. A fat awkward jw»rv»n.
And fers foghtande folks folowes theme aftyrfr, HUCCHJE. An ark or t'htst. (v/...v,1 S«-«
Hatontes and hewes downe the heythene tykes. jMaundevile's Travels, p. 85.
Marts Arthurs, MS. Lmwln, f. 97- HUCHONE. Hugh. A proprr nantr,
HOWNYD. Honied. Brit. Bibl. iv. 90. HUCK. (1) A hook. far. dial. See Cunning-
HOW-POND. A fish-pond. ham's Revels Accounts, p. 205.
HOWSE. To take a habitation. (2) A husk or pod. dtowM,
Thereabowte ye shalle yow fiouwe, (3) To higgle in buying, 4< To h»srtrlts Aw«*to»,
And sone after that shalt be hur spowse.
MS. Cantab. Ff. il. 38, f. 95. (4)dodge, or paulter," Ccvtgrave.
Ihrew; tossed. WM/.
HOW-SEEDS, finsks of oats. North. 15) A hard blow or knock. Su#*pjr*
HOWSEHILLINGE. Roofing. Pr. Par*. (6)round.
In beef, Devon.
the part between the shin and tt»«*
HOWSEWOLD. A household. Weber.
HOWSHE. Move on! An exclamation ad- HUCKER-MUCKEK. Huppw-iiiu^cT. Sums.
dressed toswine. Dorset. hurst's Descr. of Ireland, p. UCi.
HOWSING. Building j houses. (^.-S.) HUCKLE. The hip. A / game ~ar. «Ti«/.
Fro seynt Mary at JSowe to London Stone, HUCKLE-BONES. formerly plnyed
At that tyme was howgyng none.
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 125, by
on one side of which was ahea<!of ofHOUU*
throwing up the hip-bon^ Jwinwl,
Venus, tim\
Thise hende hovez on a hille by the holte eynes,
Behelde the hotosyng fulle hye of hathene kyngos, on the other that of a dog. He wiio turmi)
Mwte AHJiure, MS. Lincoln, f. 67. up the former was the winner,
HOWSOMEYER. However ; howsoever. HUCKLE-DUCKLE. A loose woman.
HOWTE. To hoot, or howl. Cov. Myst. p. 182. Here j* a hucWe.dnrMfi,
An inch above the buck!*.
HOWVE. A cap, or hood. C^.-£)
HOWYN. An oven, Arcfa. xxx. 409.
HUCKLE-MY-BUPR A bcvcrag«
HOX. (1) To cut the hamstrings. Lilly's of beer, eggsf and brawly. ir««r*ffx.
Mother Bombie, ed. 1632, sig. Bb. xii, HUCK-MUCK. (1) A dwarf. JTwrf,
(2) To scrape the heels and knock the ancles in (2) A strainer placed before the faucet in
walking. Glouc.
HOXY. Muddy; dirty. South. ing. Witt*,
HUCKSHEENS. ThehockH. JKnn<H»n
HOY. (1) To heave, or throw. North. This
seems to be the meaning in Tusser, p. 184. HUCK-SHOUJLDEREO. Hump*btck<ti
HUCKSY-BUB, The female ImmL
(2) A cart drawn by one horse. Cumb. HUD, (1) A hood. A!aor to hoodL
HO YD. Hovered ; abode. Weber. He strohed up hte ftwrf for t*o«,
HOYLE. Oil, Apol. Loll p. 58. And tokoa cupp«r and rnadt*
HOYLES. Some mode of shooting arrows for
trial of skill. Dray ton.
|2) A husk, or bull,
HOYND. To make a hard bargain ; to screw 3} To collect into heaps. Safop.
up. Chesh.
14) To hide. AJsof ludtlen. ?rtt*.
HOYSE-CUP. A toss-pot, or drunkard. HUDDEL. A he&p. Sm#r*tt,
HOZED. Rnely off. Bxmoor, Grose has hozee, HUDDERIN, Awell-grDwalwl^w
to be badly off. Gloss, p. 85, ed. 1830. has hutheri&in-lad, a ragfjed ymtih,
H03ES. Houghs. Gawayne. vated Iwy, Glossary, p. 10,
HU. Colour; complexion. (A.-S.) HUDDICK. JI) Aflttger-«talL
 HUG 465
HUL
(2) The cabin of a coal-barge. North. HUGGAN. The hip. Craven GL I 237.
HUDDLE. (1) To embrace. Var. dial H UGGEN-MUFFIN. The long-tailed tit.
HUGGER. An effeminate person.
'2) A tena of contempt
son. Lilty, for an
ed. 1632, sig. Aa. old
iv. -dccrepid per- HUGGERING. Lying in ambush, fiatt.
3) To scramble. Somerset. HUGGER-MUGGER. In secret j clandestinely
4) A list of persons, or things. Line. See Florio, pp. 54, 72 ; Earle, p. 252.
1UDDLING. A Cambridge term for one of the HUGHLE. Same as Huy (3).
ceremonies and exercises customary before
HUG-ME-CLOSE.
or clavicle. A 'fowl's merry-thought,
Var. dial.
taking degrees.
IUDE. Went. Chron. Vilodim, p. 91. HUGY. Huge. Peele's Works, iii. 5.
fUD-EN-D. A hob. YorM. HUIIOLE. An owl. Florio, p. 496, ed. 1611.
fUDGE-MUDGE. Hugger-mugger. North. HUIS. A door or threshold. Nominate MS.
fUBGY. Thick ; clumsy. Wilts. HU1SSHER. An usher.
In all* hiswey he fyndeth no Jet,
fUDKIN. A finger-stall. East.
fUD STONE. The hob-stone. North. That dore can none huisshto' schet.
Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 75.
JUE. He; she; they. jRifsan. HUITAINE.
IUEL. (1) A mine. An old term. verses. (Fr.)A measure consisting of eight
J) A term of reproach. North.
HUKE. (1) A kind of loose upper garment,
UEL-BONE. \Vhalubone; ivory from the teeth sometimes furnished with a hood, and origi-
of walrus. \Veber's Met, Rom. iii. 350. nally worn by men and soldiers, but in later
UKK. Hair. Craven Glossary, i, 237. times the term seems to have been applied
UERS, Persons placed on the Cornish cliffs
to indicate to the floats, stationed off the land, exclusively to a sort of cloak -worn by women.
the course of the shoals of pilchards and Minsheu calls it, " a mantle such as women
use in Spaine, Germanic, and the Low Coun-
herrings. See Pennant, iv. 291.
tIKRT. A heart. Percy.
seems tries,
to whenmake
they^goe abroad;" with
it synonymous but Howell
a veil,
I'FE. Same as Have, q. v. and Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033, calls it " a
Heay<?r» toy jonehilles, jonehcgtwholtezundyr,
Uttffi thare with hate strengheof haythene kyngeat woman's capp or bonrfet."
Sfarte Arthurs, MS. Lincoln, f. 66. (2) A hook. See the Monast. Angl. iii. 175.
UFF. (1) To offend; to scold. Also, offence (3) The huckle-bone. North.
or displeasure. Var. dial. HUKE-NEBBYDE. Having a crooked nose or
bill, like a hawk.
'") Light |ia.ste, or pie-crust, Gkuc. Huke-nehbyde as ahawke, and a hore berde.
>) A dry, scurfy, or scaly incrustation on the Murtt Artliwe, MS. Lincoln, f. 04
hUn. Rmt* HUKKEKYE. Huckstry. (4.-S.)
) Strong inter. Var. dial* HUL, A hill. Also, held. Hearne.
) In chm, to remove a conquered man- from HULCH. (1) A slice. Devon.
the board. In draughts, to remove an adver- (2) Crooked. Hulch-ltacJced, hump-backed.
sary's man which has neglected to take another See Cotgrave, in v, Bosftut Bossuer, Courbassti.
when an opportunity offered. " By hulch and stulch/' by hook and crook,
UFP-CAP. (1) A species of pear tiaed for HULDE. To flay the hide. <X-£)
making perry. Wttt. HULDER. (1) To hide, or conceal. West.
) Couch-grass, ffentfbrdth. (2) To blow violently. Devon.
) Strong ale. "These men hale at hufcap HULE. A husk, or pod. KorthumL
till they be red a« cockea, and litle wiser than HULED. Covered. See Reliq* Antiq. i. 39,
their combs," Harrison's England, p. 202, HULFERE. The holly. U.-£)
) A swaggering fellow. East. HULIE. Slowly. Ellis, iii. 329.
LJFPrNG, Swaggering. Dekker, 1608. HULK- (1) A heavy indolent lubberly fellow.
JFFLE. (1) To rumple. Suffolk. Var, dial The term is applied to a giant in
) To *hift ; to waver, Devon. Nominale MS. and Shakespeare has given the
) To blow unsteadily, orrougfcu Wett* title to Sir John Falstaff.
\ A finger-stall Grv*e. To he very lazy. Somerset*
I A merry-meetiDg ; a feast. Kent. A ship ; a heavy vessel.
lff-SK0FP, A boUy. . « A huff-snuff, one (4; To gut, or pull out the entrails of any animal.
that wilt sooae take pepper in the nose, one East, The term occurs in Philastes.
:bat will remember every small wrong and f5J A heavy fall Var. dial.
retenge It if foe* mn^ Florio, p. 445. (6) An old excavated working, a term in mining.
IKKINS. A ftort of muffins. KenL Derb,
IFTT. A swaggerer. YorJktfc (7) A cottage, or hovel North. Hence, to
irrr^tHB. Slows. *tarto,p. in. lodge or take shelter.
JO, (1) To carry anything. NortA. (8) A holt, or hittfc. Pqtge.
tt The itch. Smtrmtt. Unwieldy. Var. dial.
To huddle ; to crouch up in onefs bed for Heavy; stupid. Salop.
North, H01L, (1) To float " Hulling in the channel!/
Holnshed, Ctwon. Ireland, 'p. 02.
30
 HUM 466 HUM
Full many a troj>e from bayonet and drum
(2) The holly* Far, dial,
(3) A pen for fattening cattle, *
He threatened j—but, behold I Ptter
'twju Pindar,
a!l a A*

(4) A husk or shell. Any outside covering, as

th e bark of a tree. Also, to take off the husk. (2) To whip a top. Kent.
Yery btrong ale. It woul<l «wn fro.n *
*' Utrioulits, the huske or hull of all seedes," (3)passage
; quoted by Gifford, that the trrm w,i*
Elyot, 1559. See Cleaveland's Poems, p. 60 foniierly applied to a kind of liqurnir, Imt ii
Holinshed, Hist. Scotland, p. 12. * evidently means strong &Ie in the Praiwi of
(5) To throw, or cast. West, Yorkshire Ale, 1697, p. 30,
(6) A pigsty ; a hovel. Yorfak .
(7) Room in a grinding-wheel. North. (4) To throw violently.
(8) The proverb alluded to in the following lines HUMANE, Courteous.
is constantly quoted by old writers. HUMANITIANf. A grammarian ; onf bkilk-c!
There is a proveibe, and a prayer withall, in polite literature, Isianiliurst, pp. 40- *L
That we may not to three strange places fall ; HXJMAT10N. Interment, (tot.}
From Hull, from Hallifax, from Hell, 'tis thus, HUMBLE. (1) To fatoop. ShirU\v, iv, 437.
From all these three, Good Lord, deliver us.
(2) To break off thebearcJs of barluy with a flail*
This piaymg proverb's meaning to sctdowne, North.
Men doe not wu>h deliverance from the towne :
(3) To eat humble pie, i. e. to be very utbmiiftive.
The town's rmm'd Kingston, Hul's the furious river,
And from Hulls dangers, I *ay, Lord deliver 1 Yar* dial
HUMBLE-BEE. A drunkard. UNO,
At Hallifax the law s»o ^harpe doth diule,
That whoso more then 13. pence doth steale, IIUMBLEHEDE. Humility. (^.-X)
They have a j yn that wondrous quicke and well, HUMBLESSE. Same as Ifawhk'Affl*, <j. T.
Sends thieves all hcadlesse unto heav'n or hell.
HUMBTJNG. A humming, (ttaut&r.
From Hell each man sayes, Lord, dolivt r me,
Beer use from Hell can no Redemption be:
HUMBUG. A per&on who hums, or (h'r<*iv<"<.
The term ia also applied to a kind of hwwt-
Men may escape from Bull and Halifax, nieat. *' A humbug, a false alarm, a bugittftr,"
But sure in Hell there is a heavier taxe.
Leteach one for themselves in this agree, Dean Milles' MS.
HUMBUZ. (1) A cockchafer. We*t.
And pray, From Hell, good Lord, deliver me I
Taylor1* W<H*&, 1630, ii. 19-13. (2) A thin piece of wood with a ntitchfti «*4g«»
which, being swung round swiftly «» a istring,
Taylor, the Water Poet, in the same tract, yields a humming or buying ttotmri.
mentions Hull cheese. It is, he says, " much HUMBYULE. Conciesceutlmg. (^.-»V.)
like a loafe out of a hi ewers basket ; it is com- HUMDKUM. A femall low cart, drawn mutlly
posed oftwo simples, mault and water, in one by one horse. Wwl.
compound, and is cousin germane to the HUME. A hymn. East.
mightiest ale in England." HUMELOC. The herb hemlock. S«;r a !bt in
HULLAR T. An owl. Somerset. The north MS. Sloanc 5, f. 3.
country glossaries have huttet.
HULLE. To kiss, or fondle. Witkals. HUM GUMPTION*. Xonwnnc. X</«M. **A
HULL1ES, Large marbles used at a game, now man of humgumption,'* one of gn'«t *t'lf-
importaiuw. / ar. ditti
nearly obsolete, called Hulliwag. HUMMAN. A wonmn, IVrr, dial.
HULLINGS. Husks, or shells ; chaff. Also,
hillings or coverlets, HUMMKLI). Without honw* r.'rtWWL
To vomit. East HUMMER. (1) To nrigh. far* Mat,
HULLUP. (2) To nmke a humming now. AWM.
HULLY. A long wicker trap used for catching (3) A falsehood. $»/Wk. From //MW (i),
eels. Brorae, in his Travels, ed. 1700, p. 100,
mentions a machine so called in Yorkshire, HUMMING. Strong j h«uuly. *'Sm-h hmn-
"which is much like a great chest, bored full ming stuff/' Yorkshire- AU% 1697, |>. 6*
of holes to let in the sea, which at high HUMMING-TOK A largti hollow wr>oil«'» tr>j>»
^hich nuikes a loud hummiag tioiwj whrtt it
water always overflows it, where are kept vast spins. Var, dfio/.
Quantities of crabbs and lobsters, which they
HUMMOBBB. The fe«mb^-bce, !#*<**
put in and take out again all the season, ac- HUMMOCK. Amouadofeajth, »V»/,
cording tothe (juiciness or slowness of their
t-iiju-u
markets." Compare Jennings, p, 48, CIOUB. Sfok. Moist ; humid. Atwi,
HUMOUKOUS.
HULSTRED. Hidden. (A.-S.)
HULTB, Held. Chron. Vilodun. p. 68. HtlMOUES, Manners; qualities; miditii-*.
The term was constantly u*cd with wiww
HULVE, To turn, or throw over. West. shades of &en»a in oar early (IraumtUtd. A
HUI/VER. The holly. East, See Hujfere,
which occurs in Chaucer. tipsy porxon was wid to be in hi* huumur*.
Ben Jonsim hw given ftca^tia hianry **f tb#
HULVER -HEADE D- Stupid. -East. word, which seems to have \mu iwiut«4 by
HUI/WORT. The herb poley. Qtrard. the writer of the following epigram i
HXTLY. Peevish; fretful. Burk. (Kennett,) Askc Humor* »h«t * f««th«* b« ilotfe w*»f*-»
HUM. (1) To deceive. Var. dial All a hum, 1C i* his humour (by tb* tvr<0 h«^tt »*mre ;
Or what be doth with «ieti « hnrw t*il* bicti^
i, e, quite a deception. To hum and haw,
i, e. to stutter, a common phrase. Or why upcra * wh
 467
HuN
HUN
Be hath a humour doth determine BO : HUNNE. Hence. MS. Harl. 2277.
Why in the stop-throte fashion he doth goe, HUNNIEL. The same as Hunks, a. v.
With scarfe about his neckp, hat without band, — HUNNY. To fondle. See Honey.
It Is his humour* Sweet sir, understand
What cause his purse is so extreame distrest HUNSUP. To scold, or quarrel. *€um&.
HUNSY. Same as Hunch, q. v.
That oftentimes is scarcely penny-blest ;
Only a humour. If you question why HUNT. (1) A huntsman. (A.-S.)
His tongue is ne'er unfurnished with a lye, — (2) Hounds are said to hunt change, when they
It is his humour too he doth protest; take a fresh scent, and follow another chase.
Or why with sergeants he is so opprest, To hunt at force, to run the game down with
That like to ghosts thej haunt him ev'rie day j dogs, in opposition to shooting it. To hunt
A rascal humour doth not love to pay. counter,, to hunt the wrong way, to trace
Object why bootesand spurres are htill in season, the scent backwards; also, to take a false
His hnrnotfj answers, humour is hii reason.
If you perceive his wits in wetting shrunke, trail . S ee the Gent. Rec.
It cometh of a humour to be drunke. HUNTING. Most of the principal old hunting
"Whenoccasion
you behold terms will be found under their proper heads
The is his his lookesandpale,
fmmoHr thin, and poore,
a whoore; in the alphabetical order, but the following
And every thing that he doth undertake, lists are here given for the use of those who
It is a vcine for ioiotless humuut '$ sake. are more especially interested in the subject,
Humor's Oidinanet 1607.
or who may have occasion to explain any
HUMOURSOME. Capricious, Var. dial
HUMP. (1) A hunch, or lump. West. In early passages referring to tins genuine old
Norfolk, a s>mall quantity. English sport. They are in some degree taken

8 To insinuate.

'3; To gro\\ 1, or grumble,

HUMPHREY.
Craven.

East.
See Duke-Humphrey.
from Sir £. Dry den's edition of Twici,
4to. 1844, and most of tlie terms will also be
found in Blome's Gentleman's Recreations.
HUMPSTIUDDEN. Abtride. Lane. It should be recollected that, in hunting, there
is a peculiar phraseology adapted to each
HUMPTY. Hunch-backed. Humpty-dumpty,
short and broad, clumsy, separate animal.
1. Ordure of Animals.
HUMSTRUiM. (1) A musical instrument, out of
Hart and hind, fumes, fswmets, fewmishings.
tune, or rudely constructed. A Jew's harp. Hare, croteys> crotels, crotisings, buttons.
(2) The female pudendum. Warw.
&oa.i:,freyn,fiants, lessee. Wolf,j^ez/n, lessps,
HUNCH. (1) To shove; to heave up; to gore
fiants,fuantat. Buck and doe, cotying, few-
with the horns, / rar. dial mets,fewmishings. Fox, waggying, Mttetinys*
{%} A lump cf anything. I'ar. dial. fiantSj fuants. Marten, dirt, Jiants, fuants.
(3/ Angry ; excited. Line. Roc-buck and doe, co tying, fcwmets^fewmish-
HUNCHET. A small hunch. Grose,
HUNCH-RIGGED. Hump-backed. North. ings. Otter, spraits, spraints. Badger,
wardrobe, fiants, fuants. Coney, crotels,
HUNCH-WEATHER, Cold weather. East.
croteys, crotisinffs. Twici applies the word
HUNDERSTONES. Thunderbolts. The** vul- fiants to the ordure of the boar, but the proper
gar call them" so in Wiltshire, according to term in France is laissees, and in England
Aubrey's MS. History m Royal Soc. Lib, losses. The author of the Maystre of the
HUNDES-BERIEN. The herb la&rwca,
Game applies cotying to the buck and roe-
HUND-FICIL Dog-fish. Nominate MS, Hunde- buck, but no other writers do so.
flitch, MS. Morte Arthure. 2. Dislodgement, or starting.
HUNDRED-SHILLINGS. A kind of apple. Hart and hind, to unharbour. Hare, start,
See Rider's Dictionarie, 1640. move. Boar, rear. Wolf, raise. Buck and
HUNDY. Same as Hunch (1). doe, dislodge, rouse. Fox, find, unkennel.
HUNGARIAN. An old cant term, generally Marten, Jay. Roc-buck and roe, find. Otter,
meaning an hungry person, but sometimes a vent. Badger, dig, find. Coney, bolt.
thief, or rascal of any kind.
3. Lodgement of animals.
HUNGER. Tofanmh. Craven. Hungerbaned,
bitten with hunger, famished. Hunger-starved, Hart and hind, to harbour. Hare, seat form*
Mia*keu. /&0*0«r#«, hungrily, ravenously, Boar, couch. Wolf, train. Buck or doe,
lodge. Fox, kennel. Martin, tree. Roe-
Hollnshed, Conq. Ireland, p. 18, Hunger-
poifoned, ill from want of food. buck or roe, bed. Otter, watch. Badger,
HUNGBRLIN, A kiad of furred robe. earth. Coney, sii, earth, bwrow. The bed
of harts, bucks, aiul roebuck, and their females,
HUNGER-K0T, A miser, A'w/A. is the lair; of a hare, the form; of a fox,
HUNGER-STONB. A <ju*rtze pebble. Line.
HUNGKELS. Rafters. CM. the earth or kernel; of a badger, the earth /
HUNGRY. (1) Stingy; very mean. of a coney, th* farrow.
(2) Poor, unproductive, barren soil North. 4. Th* terms for sMnning*
HUNK. Same as Himch, q. v. Harfc wwl hM* Jfean, flayed. Hare, stripped,
HUNKBREIX * Elbowed 5 crooked North, cased. Boar and wolf, stripped. Buck and
HUNKERS, Haunches. North. 4oe, roebuck and roe, sftimtiL f ox, marten,
HUNKS. A miser ; a mean old man. Var. dial. otter, badger, coney, cased*
 HUN 468 HHN
5. Integument and fat. \ 3. TI& notew of fannnlx.
When hounds are thrown off, ami hit upon a
Hart and hind, leather, hide; tallow, suet. scent, they arc said to challenge or open. If
Mare, skin; grease, tallow. Boar, pyles, they are too busy, and open before they are
leather, hide, skin ; grease. "Wolf, fox, marten, sure of the scent, they babbit*. When hounds
otter, badger, and coney, pytes, skin; grease. carry the scent well, they are said to he in
Buck and doe, sJcin, leather, hide ; tallow,
suet. Roebuck and roe, leather, hide ; bevy full cry. When houmta lag Whim), or puzzle
upon the scent, they are said to fy? myfad*
grease. 6. Companies offcasts. 14. The career ttfa d??r.
When a deer stops to look at am thing, he is
Hart and hind, herd, Hare, huslce, dotcn. Boar, said to stand at gaze; when he tmhes by, he
singular. Wild swine, sounder. Wolf, row*.
trips; and when he runs with &peed, he
Buck and doe, herd. Fox, $M#. Marten, strains* When he is limited, and leave the
ricto. Roebuck and roe, otter, bevy. Badger,
cete. Coney, nest. herd, he singles; and, when he foams at the
7. Ages of deer. mouth, he is embowel, YUien he smells
THE HART. First year, calf, or hind-calf. Se- anything, they say he hath this or that in the
condifcioWer^rocfa*. Tlurd,«p«y<»tf. Fourth, wind
length,; when declining,"he holds out hahisu rnvck
they say *ptnt at full
; and,
ttaggart. Fifth, *te0. Sixth, £<zr* o//rs/
Aead. Seventh, A<zr# o/" seeowd' toe?. TEE being killed, he i> dune.
HIND. First year, calf. Second, hearse, Thewithout stag, buck, and boar, sometimes fake #oil
hcing forced ; ami all other beasts
brocket's sister. Third, hind. THE BUCK. are said to take jra/^% except the otter, arid
First year, fawn. Second, pricket. Third,
he is said to beat Me xfream.
sorrell. Fourth, soar. Fifth, teA />//™f
- head. Sixth, £wc£, 0r*«* head, THE DOB. 15. Technical Hunting Terms.
First year, fawn. Second, te£. Third, rfoe. A cots, is when a dag passes his fellow, tikes
THE ROEBUCK. First year, kid. Second, in, obstructs his sight, and turns the hare.
girle. Third, bemuse. Fourth, buck of first A form, where a nare has set. At gaze,
head. Fifth, fair roebuck. THE ROE, First looking steadfastly at any object when standing
year, bid. Fourth, roe. still. A layer, where a stag or buck lias
8. The attire of deer. lodged. Beat <xw»/er, backwards. J&w/,
Of a stag, if perfect, the bur, the pearls, the form ing a serpentine figure. Btemish*** when
foam, the gutters, the <m//er, the sur-mitler, they make short entries, and return. Blink,
royal, sitr-royal, and all at the top the croches. to leave the point or back, run away at th«
Of a buck, the bur, the foam, the brow-antler, report of the gun, &c. Break fidd, to enter
the back-antler, the advancer, palm, and before you. Chap, to catch with the month*
spcUars. If you are asked what a stag bears, Curvet, to throw, jboucett, the tcbtu'le* or
stones. Embossed, tired, F&umA, to twwt
you are only to reckon the croches he bears,
and never to express an odd number ; for, if the stern, and throw right and left in too
he has four croches on his near horn, and five
great a hurry. Going to v<tuttt & hart**
on Ins far, you must say he bears ten; if but going to ground. Handicap^ the gentleman
four on the near horn, and six on his far horn, who matches the dogs. Hard-n&**4, having
you must say he bears twelve. little or no sense of smelling* //«#, to run
9. Noise at rutting time, close sid* by side. In and in, too near re-
A badger shriek*; a boar /reams; a buck lated, as sire and daughter, dam and &m, &c.
groans or troats ; a fox barks; a hare beats, Inch&m or pudding, the f*t gut. /er*» in
or taps; a hart betteth, or bells; an otter, attempt to turn, by skipping out* l*epi*e* to
whines; a roe bellows; a wolf howls, open or give tongue. Mor t, the death of deer.
10. For their copulation. Near-scented, not catching th« scent till too
A boar goes to brim ,- a buck to rut; a coney, near. Phdj to hang upon the trajoning* or
to buck ; a fox, a clicJcetting ; a hare to buck / doublings. Run rwtf, to run at the whole
a hart, to rut ; an otter hunts for his kind; herd. S*ntt to lie down, cunningly drawing
a roe, to tourn; a wolf, to match or make. the feet close, and bearing the now* on the
11. The mark of their feet. ground, to prevent the acent flying *SSWrf» to
The track of a boar ; the view of a buck and run round the sidea, being too fond of the
fallow deer : the slot of a hart or red de<T ; hedges. Slip, loaing the foot* S/Httmt or
of all deer, if on the grass and scarcely visible, dealt, ihe teats. Spent, whet* tike ckwr i*
the foiling; the print or foot of a fox ,* the nearly dead, which you may know hy lib
prick of a hare, and, in the snow, her path stretching his neck out straight* $f«rl**/A»
is called the trace; an otter marks or seals. when at full speed. Tappbh, to lurk, »cti)k»
12. Terms of the tail and sink. To carry or A0dfr when the earth
The wreath of a boar ; the single of a buck ; the sticks to their feet. Training, crossing and
scut of a hare or rabbit ; the brush of a fox ; doubling. TV^p, to fopw by you, TW^ the
the white tip is called the chape; the single of vent 7V&/, a sudden turn of the head, when
• the stag or hart j the stern of a wolf. A fox's the scent is caught sideways, JV<?A, to make
feet are called pads; his head, the front. a low noise. tfa/eA, to attend to ttat other
 HUN 4t :) HUN

dog, not endeuvuuimg to liud his own iraine. How shall wr get him
In mo? buys, Robin to Bobbin;
Hi.w sh«ill we get him
home ? says Richard to Robin »
but lying oil' lor advantages. In coursing it How sh.ill wo get him
home ? says Jack o' th land j
its called running cunning* Wiles or '1 <>ils How bhall we get him
home ? says every one.
are engines to take deer \vith. Wrench, a
half-turn. We'll borrow a cart, says Robin to Bobbin ;
We'll borrow a cart, says Richard to Robin;
HUNTING-POLE. A pole by which hunters
turned aside branches in passing through We'll borrow a cart, says Jack o' th' land ;
We'll borrow a cart, says every one.
thickets. < Gent, llee.)
How shall we boil him? says Robin to Bobbin ;
HUNTING-TIIE-FOX. A boy's game men- How shall we boil him ? says Richard to Robin ;
tioned in the Schoole of Vertue, n. d. There
are other games called Hunting the slipper, How shall we boil him ? says Jack o' th' land ;
How shall we boil him ? says eveiy one.
and Hunting the whittle,
In the brewery pan, says Robin to Bobbin ;
HUNTING-THE-RAM. A custom formerly
In the brewery pan, say-5 Richard to Robin ;
prevalent at Eton, but discontinued about the
year 1747. It was usual for the butchers of In the brewery pan, s lys Tack o' th* land ; "
In the browery pan, says every one.
the College to give on the election Saturday
a ram to be hunted by the scholars. MS. HUNTS-UP. A tune played on the horn under
Sloane 4839, f. 86, the windows of sportsmen very early in the
HUNTING-THE-WREN. The custom still pre- morning, to awaken them. Hence the term
valent in Ireland, the Isle of Man, and some was applied to any noise of an awakening or
alarming nature. " A hunt is up or musike
other places, ou St. Stephen's Bay, of hunting plaicl under ones windowin amornmg," Florio,
the wren, is one of very considerable antiquity.
Its origin is only accounted for by tradition. p. 304. " Resveil, a hunts-up, or morning
Aubrey, having mentioned the last battle song for a new-maried wife the day after the
fought in the North, of Ireland between the manage," Cotgrave. " Jfunsup, a "clamour, a
turbulent outcry," Craven Gl. One ballad of
Protestants
the same place anda party
the" Papists, says :— " Near
of the Protestants had the hunt's-up commences with the following
been surprised sleeping by the Popish Irish, The hunt is upr the hunt is up,
were it not for several wrens that just wakened lines :—And now It is almost day ;
them by dancing and pecking on the drums And he that's a-bud with another man's wife,
as the enemy were approaching. For this It's time to get him away.
reason the wild Irish mortally hate these birds Mr. Black discovered a document in the
to this day, calling them the devil's servants, Bolls-house, from which it appeared that a
and killing them wherever they can catch
them; they teach their children to thrust song
1536, ofwhen
the Hunt's up waswasknown
information sent toastheearly
coun-as
them full of thorns ; you'll see sometimes on cil against one John Hogon, who, " with a
holidays a whole parish running like madmen
crowd or a fyddyll,'* sung a song with some
from hedge to hedge a wren-hunting." In political allusions to that tune. Some of the
the Isle of Man, on St. Stephen's Day, the words are given in the information :
children of the villagers procure a wren, The hunt is up, the hunt It up, Ac.
attach it with a string to a branch of holly,
decorate the branch with pieces of riband The Master* <»f Arte and Doctoursof Dyvynyfe"
Have nobyll
Thre broughtmonthishave
realise
takeouthisht toof stay,
good uoyte1.
that they beg from the various houses, and
carry it through the village, singing the follow- My Lord of Norff. Lorde of Surrey,
And my Lorde of Shrewsbyny :
ing ridiculous lines :— The Duke of Suff. myght have made Inglond mery.
We'll hunt the wran, sayi Robin to Bobbin ; The words were taken down from recitation,
We'll hunt the wr»n, uy Richard to Robin ;
We'll hunt the wr&n, «ayt Jack o' th' land ;
and are not given as verse. See Collier's
Shakespeare, Introd. p. 288,
We'll hunt the wran, wy* every one. Taurus last morn ai>, mistress window plaid
Where th*» we find him ? **yi Robin to Bobbin ; An hunta up on his lute; but she (Us said)
Where thaUl we find htm ? t&y» Richard to Robin ; Threw atone* at him ; so he, like Orpheus, there
Where *h»lt we find him ? nyi Jack o' th* land ;
Where §h*U we find him I My* every one.
Made stones come flylng'hia sweet notes to hrare.
Wtf* B«dl«m, 1617.
In yon green bush, tayt Robiu to Bobbin ; HUORK. Ache ; pain. Arch. xxx. 367.
In yon green bush, snyt Richard to Robin ; HUP. Hook. Perhaps a corruption.
In yon greet* bush, x*y« J*ck o' th' land ; So what with hup, and what with crook,
In you green bush* wy* every one* They make here rrmystirofte wynne,
Gower, MS. Soe, Artliq. 134, f. 145.
How Khali we kill him ? say* R«'bin to Bobbin ;
How ihall we kill him? tayt Richard to Robin; HUPE, Hopped ; leapt. Rob. Glouc. p. 207.
How thall we kill him ? say* Jack o' th«l*Bd ; jfiwpe, to lop- (^.-&) Hupte, hopped. MS.
Bow *htU we kill him 9 way* nvtsry one* HtrL 2277.
WHfe sikfe» and »too«, tay* Robin to Bobbin ; HURCH. To cuddle, Somerset.
Whh »ticlc* w& wotww, *«y« fbchard to Robin ; HURCHED. Ajar, as a door. Line.
With ttk&t and cttHMt, **y« Jack o' th' land ;
HURCHEON. A hedgehog, Northumb.
With ftk-k* mnd •to»i% *4y* every OJM. IIURDAM. Whoredom. (A.-S.)
 HUE 470 urs
The syxte comaundyth us alao HURPLE. The same as HurMe. q. v.
That -weshul nonne hwdcan do. HURR. A thin fiat piece of wood, tied ttt »
MS. HarL 1701, f. 11.
HURDE. Heard. Hearvt* string, and -whirled round in the air.
HURRE. To growl, or snarl. Jonston.
HUR0EN. Same as Harden, q. v.
HURDE R. A heap of stones. North. HURRIBOB. A smart blow. A'orM.
HURRICANO. A water-spout. Shak.
HURDICES. Hurdles; scaffolds; ramparts; HURRION. A slut, or sloven. Tfortek
fortifications ; large shields termed pavises. HURRISOME. Hasty ; passionate. J)fvtm.
<X.-JV.) See Weber's Gl. to Met. Rom.
HURDIES. The loins ; the crupper. North. HURROK.
HURRONE, Quantity"; heap.
To hum, as Durham.
bees do. /V, Parv.
HURDIS. Ropes. Ritson. HURRY. (1) To bear, lead, or carry anything
HURDLE. (1) A gate. /. Wight. away. North.
(2) The same as Harle, q, v.
HURDREVE. The herb centaury. (2) To* subsist ; to shift ; to bhove, or puih ; to
quarrel. Yorfath*
HURDS. The same as Hards t q.v. (3) A small load of earn or hay. fiaitt,
IIURE. (1) A covering for the head. Pitteus HURRYFUL. Rapid; hasty. »>»/.
est ornamentum capitissacerdotis vel graduati, HURRY-SKURRY. Fluttering has^te;
Anglice, a bore or a pyllyon, MS. Blbl. Reg.
12 B, i.f.12. confusion. To /"«/*.
HURSLE. shrugdial.
the shoulders.
(2) Hair. Also, a whore. North* HURST. A wood. (.*.-&)
(3) Hire ; reward. (4..-S.) HURT-DONE. Umvitt'licd. A'f/rM.
HUREN. Theirs. Gen.pl. (A.-S.) HURTELE. To meet to^'tluT with viohw;
HURE-SORE. When the skin of the head is to clash together, (d -X)
sore from cold. Chesh. Bot echo mervellf of Ut
HURGIN. A stout lad. North. Why thaSr^ cluthlu ww w> 8lj».
HURKLE. To shrug up the back. " Hurck- As thay in fturictyftx had b«JC hitt.
MS. Linwtn A. t, 17, f. 1.T7.
ling
Glasse-with his head 1639,
of Humors, to hisp.sholders,"
135. Optick Whan thel made heremwwiracle, «che mjtn weti«l«
That haven hastili and «ttb« tchuUrturtrt to>Kiufrr.
HURL. (1) A hurdle. Kent. HWjuttt and tkt W-«rwW/, l>. JU>.
(2) A hole or corner; a closet. Yorksh. The fedrtis hemaself they burst thcr* tl»o »£o,
f 3) To be chilled. Craven Gl,
And hvrtutdon so ajeyone the Chwm»
wall of rtfurfttit*
xtone. p i23.
(4) To rumble, as "wind does, &c.
HURL-BONE. A knee-bone. " Internodium, HURTER. The iron ring which is in th« HXJM
a hnrlehone," MS. Bodl 604, f, 4. of a cart. North.
HURLEBAT. A kind of dart. HoweU.
HURLEBLAST. A hurricane. This term oc- HURTLE. A spot. ///rr/*.q. v.It has also the
same meaning as //ttr£&\
curs in Hnloet's Abcedarium, 1552.
HURLEPOOLE. A whirlpool. Florio, p. 81. IIURTLEBERKY. Th« billieiry. /^-wi.
HURTYNGE. Hurt; harm.
"1URLERS. A number of large stones, bet in Wyth the grace of h*-\>u kyn*;*,
a land of square figure, near St. CUie in H ymselfe had no lnurtit»fft\
Cornwall, so called from an odd opinion held JKfi. tiaaixb. Ff. il, 3U, f» 154.
by the common people, that they are so many HUS. A house. (/U*)
men petrified, or changed into stones, for
profaning the Sabbath-day by hurling the HUSBAND. (1) A pollard. A>«/.
ball, an exercise for which the people of that (fy A husbandman, or fanner.
county have been always famous. The (3) A thrifty man j an eeommiUt, See Uohtwrn1*
hurlers are oblong, rude, and unhewed, and Jests, p, 32. Hwtandnt't thrift, economy*
have been conjectured to be sepulchral monu- (^.-JV.) It occurs in Chaucer,
HUSBEECH. The hornlwam. StM*x*
ments. See a Brief Account of Certain Cu-
HUSBOND-MAN. The master of a family,
riosities mCorn-wall, 1807, p. 14. See Chaucer, Cant. T. 7350.
H URLES. The filaments of wax.
It is so sweet that thepigges will eateit ; itgrowes ITU SB. Ahoaraeness. See /fattr**
no higher than other grasse, but with knotts and HUSEAN. A kind of Ixwrt. (^.-,Nf,)
buries, like a skeen of silke. Jubrey, Afhmole MSS, HUSH. To loosen earthy jmrtit'Ii-afit»i» mine-
HURLEWIN'D. A whirlwind. Harrington. rals by running water. North.
HURLING. (1) A young perch. West. HUSHING. Shrugging up one*s
(2) Harrowing a field after the second ploughing.
Ctesh. HUSH10K. Acmhioa. Yorbh.
(3) The game of ball, West, HUSHTA. Hold fast. r*rM, C*rr &ay*
(4) State ; conflict. Nominate MS. " hold thy tongue,"
HURLUK. Hard chalk. Beds. HUSK. (1) A disease in cattle.
HUBLY. A noise, or tumult. BhaJc. (2) A company of hares. A tefta u«*l
HURN. (1) To run. Smaeraef. hunting. See Twici, p, 32,
(2) A hole, or corner. Yor&sA. ** From hale HUSKIK.
(3) Dry ; parched. Z&e.
A c!owni«h felloe
to hurne," Wright's Political Songs, p. 150. IIUSPIL. To disorder, destroy, or put to ioooft.
HURON. Hers. Chron. Viiodun. j>. 74.
 HY 471 HYZ
venience. See Salop. Antiq. p. 470 ; Pr. Parv. HYAN. A disease amongst cattle, turning theii
p. 255. (^-JV.) hodies putrid. North
HUSS. (1) To buz. See Palsgrave. HYDUL-TRE. The elder tree. Ortus Vocab.
(2) The dog-fish. Rousette, Palsgrave. HYE. An eye, Wright's Seven Sages, p, 23.
HUSSER. A dram of gin. South. HYEE. Quickly. Weber.
HUSSITES. The followers of Huss. HYEL. The whole; all. North.
Of Browrmt, Hussite, or of Calvinibt, HYELY. Proudly. (^.-N.) " Hyely hailsez
Armiman, Puritan, or FamilisU
Tai/loft Motto, 1622. that hulke," MS. Morte Arthure. Also, loudly.
" He thanked God hylye," MS. Caiitah. Ff.ii.
HUST. Silence ; whist. (^.-£) 38, f. 65. See Syr Gawayne.
HUSTINGS. A court of judicature for causes HYEN. A hyena. Shak.
within the city of London. MS. Lansd. 1033, HYGHINGLI. Hastily; speedily. (^..&) Yn
HUSTLE. Same as Hurkle, q. v.
hyffhynge, Emar^, 511.
HUSTLE-CAP. A hoy's game, mentioned in HYIJE. High. Degrevant. 840.
Peregrine Pickle, ch. xvi. It Is played by H!fL. Aheap. (/f.-&)
tossing up halfpence. A lie made he hem dun falle,
HUSTLEMENT. Odds and ends. Yorteh. That m his gate yeden and stode,
HUTCH. (1) To shrug. Craven. Wei slxtene laddes gode.
(2) The same as Httcche, q. v. Alshelepthekok til,
He shof hem alle upon an hyl /
(3)trough
A cooporfor Astirte til him with his rippe,
bin.an animal. / 'ar. dial. Also, a
And bigan the fish to kippe. Havelok, B02.
HUTCH-CROOK. A crooked stick. Yorksh. HYN. Him ; it. Wilts. It occurs in the last
II UTCH-WORK. Small ore as it is washed by sense in early English.
the sieve. Cormu.
HYNDE. Gentle ; courteous.
HUTIC. The whinchat. Salop. Sche was bothe curtes and hyndes
HUTT. Afire-hob. Derb. Every man was hur frynde.
H UTTER. To speak confusedly. North. MS. Cantab. Ff. il 38, f. 74.
HUWES. Hills. Gawayne. HYNNY PYNNY. " In my younger days I re-
HUXENS. Hocks; ankles. Devon. member a peculiar game at marbles called
HUYLDETH. Hold. Hearne.
hynny-pynny, or hyssy-pyssy, played in some
HUYSSELES. Flames, or sparks of fire. parts of Devon and Somerset. I am unable to
HUZ. (I) Us. North and West. explain its precise nature, but a hole of some
(2) To hum, Aor husk.
buz. Baret's extent was made in an uneven piece of ground,
HU2ZIN. North. Alvearie, 1580. and the game was to shoot the marbles at
HUZZY. A housewife. Devon. Also huzz. some object beyond the hole without letting
HWAN. When, MS. Arundel. 57. them tumble in it. The game occasionally
HWAT. "What. Somerset. commenced by a ceremony of no very delicate
Here may je here now hwat je be, description, which sufficed to render the fallen
Here may $e enow hwat y* that worlds.
MS. Zto«ctf 302,f.35. marbles still more ignominious," MS. Gloss.
HYNONE. Eyes. Nominate MS. Afame.
II WEI*. A whale or grampus. (^.-&) He toke hl» leve with drere chere,
Grim was fi&here swlthe god, With wepyng kynone stod hert full cold,
And mikcl utmthc on the flod ; Chron. Pilodun. p. 63.
M«nl gcxi flub thor innehe tok, HYRNEHAR0, The herb bail-weed.
JBothe with neth, and with hok.
He took the gturgiun, and the qual, IIYRON.And sey
A corner.
hem in an Seetfi'me.
hyron there so lordie.
And the turbut, and l&x withal ;
He tok the »ele, and the hml ; And a^kedehem what they dedon ther tho.
Chron. niodun* p. 100.
He*r><Kldt» ofte withe w«L HavataK, 755.
HYRT. An assembly. (^--S.)
H'WIL-GAT.
HWOND. How; Nominate
A hound in what manner.
MS. (d.-S.) HYRYS. Praise. (^.-£)
To the and to alle thy ferys,
He taw an hydout hitwnd dwell
WJthlnne that how« that wa» full fell : I schalle yow jylde fulle lethur hyryt,
Of that head gTeue drette h»had ; MS. Cantab. Pf. ji 38, i. 138.
Tund»I« w«» never to adrad. HYSEHYKYLLE. An icicle. Pr. Parv. p 259.
Wen he had »eyn that tyght, HYYETH. Highest. Octovian, 1771.
He byeoght of that angell bryght HYJB. (1) An eye. MS. Cantab. Ff, i. 6, f. 4,
1'hat he woM Ictt hym away steyll, I serve* I bo we, I loke, I loute,
That he com not to that fowle hell. Myn hy$e foloweth hire aboute.
Qowr, MS. 8<tc. Anttq. 134, t. 111.
HWOR* Whereas. Havelok, 1119, (2)Therefore
High. Nominate
HY. (l)Vpenhy,wUgh* I schall teJleMS.
the a saw,
The petlkMin and- thepopynjay, Who «o wold be Aj/5« he sdiall be law. M&Ashmoit 61.
Th* tomor and the turtll trw; HY5T* (1) Called. (A.-S.)
A bund'rih thoawaxd upofl %r (2) 3?romia^d. See further in Hight,
My fwlur was a Walwhe Imyjt,
Dame Isabelk my motlur //yjr,
tfS, Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 48,
(2) She jthey. Also a» Hi^ q.
 IDE 472
HI A
Thus may 36 s«u my besy whft,
[1) Sometimes repeated in conversation, " I Thatgoth HOC uirltetti? alx>ute
know it, I/} Instances are frequent in our C'u«vi*, iV.V. Sue. Jntiq. I»4, f. III
early dramatists. This vowel was constantly I-DELVD. Divided. (.rf.-A)
used for ay, yes, and is still found in the pro- Thilkc wa» i </*•/» d in twoo.
vincial dialects in that sense. A. curious exam- 3/.S\ C'inratt. Pf. v. 4», f. {>?.
ple occurs in Romeo and Juliet, ed. 1623, p. 66.
IDLE.
sional Wandering
use of the ;word
light iu
-headtMl. An oi'ai-
old plays. Aku,
(2) ATI eye. See Skelton's Works, ii. 98.
(3) It is very common in early English as an sterile, barren. Othello, L 3.
augment or prefix to the imperfects and
participles of verbs, being merely a corruption IDLK-BACK. Gentlemen
IDLEMEN. An idle fellow. A'w/A.
bwitfrMt.
of A.-S. <fe. It has been considered unnecessary IDLETON. A laxy person. Sumtrsef. This
to give many examples. They will be found word is formed similarly to $iMjtl?ttin. The
in nearly every English writer previously to Soliloquy of Ben Bond the Llteton is printed
the sixteenth century, but perhaps the follow-
in the dialect of Zumwcract, lH4.'t, p. 0.
ing references will be found useful :— 2-fanet The old merry monoiyllablf la tjwite obh:<»rnteil,
been, Torrent of Portugal, p. 99; i-Ment, and in its steotl^each Mttfan, imd lo tcring w:ht>irj.lx)y
blinded, Warton, ii. 399 ; i-blesced, blessed, withaprevlottu ti— n, write* B—ng.
Ottlimt Mivxthintet J7«2, P i'7.
Reliq. Antiq. i. 159 ; i-bult, built, Hartshorne's
Met, Tales, p. 108 ; i-cast, cast, W. Mapes, p. IDLE-WORMS. Worms breji in the fiugm of
344 ; i-cnowe, know, Wright's Anec. Lit. p. lazy girls, an ancient notion alluded to by
90 ; i-core, chosen, St. Brandan, p. 33 j i-kaiit, Shakespeare. Romeo and Juliet, i. 4.
caught, Reliq. ii. 274 ; i-lcend, known, ib. i. I-DO.
VernonDone.
MS. f.u 9.What heo woltic hit M ai> i-ilo/'
42 ; i-la$t, lasted, Rob. Glouc. p. 509 -, i-lawt,
bereaved, Wright's Auec. Lit. p. 90 ; i-melled, IDOLASTRE. An idolater, (J.-N.)
mixed together, St. Brandan, p. 13 ; i-menU, I JEN. Eyes. Nominate MS.
designed, contrived, Chester Plays, i. 18, 103; Of al thtof ryght nowght y-wi« yerothe,
Ne newre moo myn i#n two ben drlc.
i-tened, injured, Wright's Political Songs, p.
149 i i-pult, put, Rob. Glouc. p. 466 ; i-quytt, 1-FAKINS. In faith. C/»au<»r» M& Carttab, Ft', i. fi, C 51.
Nwfk In wm« cuun-
avenged, Torrent, p. 89; i-sacred, consecrated,
Rob. Glouc. p. 494 j i-sitit, seest, Reliq. Antiq. ties, i-fags is oommoti.
ii. 277; i-slawe, slain, Rob. Glouc, p. 488; IP-ALLE. Although. <^..S.)
If-alle theknyghte were kt-ne and thro,
i-spilt, destroyed, W. Mapes, p. 343 ; t-sme, Those owtlawes wanae the child hym (ro.
shrived, confessed, Reliq. Antiq. ii. 276 ; t~ MS. Lttwoln A. i 1?, f. fttf*
stounge, wounded, ibid. ii. 278; i-8tra IFE. The yew tree. Suffolk.
stretched, ibid. ii. 190 ; i-swore, sworn, Robin I-FET. Fetched. " Forre !/»•/ and d»kre^ J.IM>\\ jt
Hood, i, 37 ; i-swrun, Sir Degrevant, 1054 ;
t-fdjfr*, taken, Robin Hood, i. 50 ; i-tel, tell, is goode for ladys," MS. Douce 5U, f* 13.
I-FICCHID. Fixed. (^.-«.)
Reliq. Antiq. ii. 85; i-the, prosper, MS. That after-clap m my mynile *t> <I<'J>«
Laud, 108 ; i-went, gone, Reliq. Antiq. ii. 211; 2'jtccfiid Is, and hath kuciic rote fnujU',
i-wonne, won, Wright's Pol. Songs, p. 339 ; That alle my joyeaiid whtlie t-, leyd*- to *U»p««,
i-worred, warred, Rob. Glouc. p. 3 ; i-tfven,
given, W. Mapes, p. 342. IFTLE, If thou wilt. North.
J-BAKE. Baked. (4.-S.) IG1I. An eye. Nominale MS.
Of flsa and of fleaae, of foules f-&a#«, Noo tunge can t«lie, noon crthty i^ may «^e.
He lette senden in cartes to his fader sake.
MS. JSod/.652,f,10. IGHT. Owes; possesses? (-*UV.)
l-BEO. Been. See St. Brandan, p. 3. Thebe^t to slaujte *hxl gti thou,
I-BOEN. Ready; prepared. (A.-S.) And the lord that hit <^f-
Curfftr Mvndi, MS, (ML TH»* fttnttth* t, 4**
I-BOREWE. Born. Sevyn Sages, 826.
IGNARO. An ignorant person, (ftal)
I-BUYD, Bowed up. See Wright's Middle- This was the auncient k*vp*r of that place,
Age Treatises on Science, p. 139.
IBYE. To able. See Torrent, p. 52. And fo*t£t- father of the gyauni 4i*uii ;
ICCLES. Icicles. North. We have also ice- Hit name /^naro did his nature right areiwL
shogffles, ice-shackks, &c. Also, spars in the IGNOMIOUS. Ignominious.
form of icicles. Shake-
ICE. To break the ice, to open a business or speare has fynomy several timei,
conversation. Far. dial, IGNORANT. Unknown- #<w
ICE-BONE. The edge-bone of beef. IG^OTE. Unknown, (Lai.)
ICE-CANDLES. Icicles. Var. dial. I-GROTEN. Wept, (X.-&)
The klnge* douther bigan t
JCH. (1) To eke out, or prolong. North. And wsx the fayr«t wmrt on Uv*|
(2) I. Also, each. (^.-£) Of all thewat w£a»Jah*wJi;
ICHET. The itch. Somerset. That gode weren and of pri».
ICILY, An icicle. Kent* UrryMS. The raayden Ooldeboru w«* hotm t
IDEL. I»«Kinvain, (A.-&.) I-HALDE.
IDELICHE. Vainly; fruitlessly. (A.-&}
 -473

ILL IME
In a toun, that Cane h calde, IL LE . Likede swithe itte, disliked it much.
A Unclale was there on i-fuild*. maked, ill treated. (A,-S,}
Cursor MuHdt, ,1/5. Cull. Trin, Cantub, f.83. bho was adrad, for he so thrette,
IHTT Yet. Sharp's COY. Myst. p. 149. And durstc- nouth the spusmg lette,
ce. Piers Ploughman, p. 4 76. But they hue hkfde stmthe Hie,
IK 1; each; eke, also. (sL-S.) Thouthe it was Goddes wille. HaveloTe, lltf
1KB. Contr. of Isaac. North. [LLFIT. An ale vat. Salop.
IKLE, An icicle. Nominale MS. !LLIFY. To reproach, or defame. North. '
!LL-MAY-DAY. A name given to the 1st of
ILCE. Each, Wright's Se^en Sages, p. 6. May, 1517, when the London prentices rose
ILD. To yield, or requite. North.
/LDE. An island, Langtoft, p. 56. up against the foreigners resident in that city,
ILDEL. Bach deal, or part. Arch, xxx, 409.
ILE. An island. and didwasgreat
captain one mischief.
John Lincoln,Stowe says the'ir
a broker. See
Anil the day was y-sptt also MS. Cott, Vesp. A. xxv.
Of the batell, withowt.ni lett ; ILL-THING. St. Anthony's fire. Devon.
In a place where they schuldc bee,
Yn an yle wythynne the see. 'LLUSTRATE. Illustrious. Higgins. Hall
has illustre, " the union of the two noble and
Who was gladd but kynpe Adckton,
Andhys lordyseverychone,
illustre famelies of Lancastre and Yorke.'
That the pylgryme wolde take on hamle
XLUSTRE. To bring to light. (A.-N.)
For to fyght wyth CoHebrande ? TLL-WIND. It is an ill wind which blows no
MS. Cantab. Ff. H. 38, f. 212. body any good, a common phrase, implying
ILES. Small flat insects found in the livers of that most events, however untoward to some,
sheep. Cornw. are productive of good to others. " That wind
I-LICHE. Alike ; equally. blowes ill, where she gaines not something,"
For thouje I sumtyme be untrewe, The Smoaking Age, or the Man in the Mist,
Hir love is ev«r Michs newe. 12mo. Lond. 1617, p. 164.
Cursor Mundi, MS, CW/, THn. Cantab, f. 1. I-LOKE. Locked up, (A.~£)
With on worde of the maide spoke.
ILK. The same. (A.-S,) Ilka, each, every. The Holy Goost is in here brest i-loJee.
Ilkadel, every part, every one. Itton, each Lydgate, MS. dshmoiti 3.0, f. 28.
one, every one. Still in use.
My name, heseid, Is Joly Robyn ; I-LOME, Often; frequently. (A.-S.) "Over
llks man kuowex hie welle and fyne. the see caste t-fomc," St. Brandan, p. 24.
MS* Cantab. Ff, v. 48, f.48. I-LOWE. Lied. Weber.
The emperowre aniweryd also tyte, [LT. A gelt sow. Devon.
1 graunte well that he bi> quyte : ILTIIIN. An inflamed sore. West.
All forgeve y here Tyrrye, IMAGEOUR. A sculptor. Lydgate.
My evyll wylle and my malycolye ; IMAGERIE, Painting; sculpture. (.V.-M)
I ichttll defyvyr hym all hy« lande,
And all the honowre into hys haude ;
IMAGINATIF. Suspicious. (A.-N.)
And y wy*to where he were,
IMAGINOUS. Imaginative. Chapman.
V *chulde delyvyr hym lease and more.
IMBARN. To enclose ; to shut up.
Gye anaweryd, yf y may, IMBASE. To degrade. Harrison, p. 205.
Unplttied might he bee,
Ye »chall hym «ee tliytytks day. That imbasea his degree,
My Freude, heieyde hattelye,
Go §eke rae Erie Tyrrye. With this indignitie.
Mat ocotts Kxtaticus, 1595.
MS. Cantab* Ff. tt. 38, f. 209.
ILKE. The wild swan. Dray ton. IMBECELLED. Embezzled j stolen.
He brought from thence abundance of brave
ILKER. Each. (A.-S.) armea, which were here reposlted j but in the late
Th« f««« fouril dawe» gat, warres, much of the armes was imb-celfd.
So rictie was npvere nan to that.
The king made Roberd there knith, Aubrey's Wiltn, Royal Soc. MS. p. 240.
That WAS ful strong and ful with, IMBESIL. To counsel ; to advise.
And WHUm Wendut, hethln brother, IMBOST. The same as Embossed, q. v,
And Huwe Raven, that was that oiher, IMBRAID. To upbraid ; to reproach.
And made hem twrouns aile thre, Sara the daughter of Raguel, desiring to be de-
And yaf htm lond, and other fe, livered from the itnpropery and imbraiding, as it
So mlkel, that Vk<r twcnt[i] knihtes would appear, of a certain default*
Havedecf geage, daye» and nithes. Becon't PPorto, 1843, p. 131.
Huvcluk, S352 IMBREKE. House-leak. Gerard.
ILL. To slander, or reproach. North. To IMBRERS. Embers, Reliq. Antiq. ii. 84.
htillin ene's self, to ta affected by an internal IMBROCADO. In fencing, a thrust over the
disease. Ill-willed, malevolent lll-a-hati, arm. (ItaL} Jlorio says, p. 236, " a thrust
bad lack to you ! fUan, & bad fellow. Ill- given over <ie dagger*" See the Troubles of
conditioned, ill-contrived, bad-tempered, yw~ Queen Elizabeth, 1639, sig. D. iv.
IMBUSHMENT. An ambush. Latimer.
lU^rand, bid conditioned, ili4ooking. See IMBUTi. Imbued; taught. HaXL
Thornton Eon*, p. 300* /#-por*t W»re!b ted IMJL (1) Hoar frost. North.
disagreeable. Ill-set, in difficulties (t) The tip of the nose. Somerset.
 IMF 474
l-MELB. Together. (^.-S.) IMPORTURE. INC
A stratagem. HalL
IMEZ. Near. Wane. IMPOSE. Imposition ; command. Shvk*
IMITATE. To try, or attempt. East. IMPOSTEROUS. Deceitful ; cheating.
IMMANUABLE. Listless. Topsell. turiQus, Hamblet, p. 155.
IHMARCESSIBLE. Unfading. Hall IMPOTENT. Fierce; uncontrollable. (Lot.)
IMMOMENT. Unimportant. Shak. IMPKESS. A motto, or device.
IMNER. A gardener. Nominate MS. IMPRIME. To unharbour the hart. Also the
I-MOULED. Spotted; stained. (^.-A) same as Emprtni?, Q. v,
And with his blode shall wasshe undefoule I niPHINT. To borrow. (^.-.V.)
The gylte of man with rust of synne i-ni(M'»d. IMPROPERY. Impropriety. IMl.
IMPROVE. To repnne; to refute, (Lat.} It
Lydgate, MS. Anhmole 30, f 2,~>.
IMP. (1) A shoot of a tree; a cutting; a bud ; also means, to prove.
grass, or pasturage ; a graft. It is frequently /mpruve, rebuke, «xhort with all liwgtfuffl'riug
used metaphorically for young offspring, and doctrine.
children, &c., and is still in use. 2 Tim. Iv. 2, <w quoted in jB<*nth'* Wwktt 1843, p. 3,
(2) To add ; to eke out. Also, an addition, an IN. a)Upon;*ithin. (^-^)
insertion. In hawking, to insert a new feather (2) To carry in corn, &o. F «r. dial
in the place of a broken one. After that hervc*te i/uned hid hi* schfvc*.
MS. a«<;. 221.
(3) One length of t\visted hair in a fishing line.
North. (3) To IP in with & person, to be on good terms
(4) To rob a person. Lane. with Mm. A common phrase.
IMPACT. (4) That ; if j than. Abr/A.
One vow they made rcligioubly, INACTIOUS. Anxious Leic.
And were of onesocietie ; IN-AND-IN, A gambling game, played hy two
And onely was their impacts or three persons with four dice. U way fur-
The forme of eithers phantasie.
P/itJ/w and Wra, 1598. merly in fashion at ortlinaricH.
I call to minde I heard my twelvH-jwnw say
IMPALE. To encircle ; to enclose. That be hath oft at Christmt»be<?noatp!.iy ;
IMPARLE. To speak ; to debate. (Fr.) At courtt at th'mnesof tourt, and everywhere
IMPARTERS. Persons induced to part with Throughout the klngdome, belug farrc tnd tietre.
their money by artful pretences. At Passage aixd at Murachance, *t Jfn and /«»
IMPARTIAL. Used sometimes for partial Where swearing hath bin counted for no ilunt* j
IMPATIENCE. Anger. Shak. Wherv Fullatn high and low-men bore grt'»t «way,
IMPEACHMENT. An hinderance. Shak. With the qivicke help* of » Jtarcl Cater Tr«y«
SVawk ^/^rr/'V-Prnfr, Ittlft, p. 73.
IiMPED. Planted. Chaucer.
Your ordinarie*, ant! your ^auiinj? xrhuoit1*;
IMPER. A person who plants. (A.-S.}
IMPERANCE. Command; mastery. (Lai.) Im- (The game of Mereurii *, the mart of f«K>U'*)
Doe much rcjoyfre when his j?oW tluth itjipf.ire,
perate, commanded, Hardyng, f. 50.
IMPERIAL. (1) A kind of cloth. SeiKlniij him empty with a flea Jn'a t'«r*»;
And when hee'sgone, to onr another I.tugd,
(2) A game at cards, mentioned as having been Making his mcane» tho subject of thf tr »cofft'»
played by Henry VIIL And say, its plly ho'* not bt'Uw uujiht,
IMPETRATE. To obtain by entreaty. See Hall, Hec'b a fai re gamester, but hit luck U nought.
Richard III. f. 22. Impetre, Vitee Patruni, In the meaneume,hi* pocket* bdng wxiti,
Hee finde* a lurcher to luppty hi* w,,nt,
f,97. (X-AT.) Ono that ere long, by paying in-antt-in,
IMPINGANG. An ulcer. Devon. It is also called Will carryall his lurdshtp In a skin,
an impingall
Ths YOHHR 6W/a»l'« n-Mt^'f, im
IMPING-NEEDLES. Needles used by falconers IN-BANK. Inclining ground. North*
in imping hawks. See Imp (2). IN'BASSET. An embassy, t'ov, Myrt.p. 77*
IMPLEACH. To intertwine. Shot. IN-BETWEEN. Between; in & place tlutt i«
IMPLUNGED. Plunged in. between, / ar. dial,
That so they might get out of the mo<<t dangerous IMBO\VEB. Made in bows or loop*.
gulfe of ignorance, wherin multitudes are implunged* INBRED, Native. Somrrwi.
Dent'* Pathway, p. 324.
IMPLY. To fold up ; to entangle. Spenser. INBROTHEIUNO. Embroidwing. /«M»rrfyrf
IMPONE. To interpose, (laf.) Jocularly, to occurs in Pr. Parv. p. 261,
lay a wager. Hamlet, v. 2. INCAPABLE, UnconscitWR. <S^«*.
IMPORTABLE. Intolerable ; impossible. INCARNATIOK-POWDKK. A kind of p«*fl*>r
For he alone shall tread down the winepress, an4 w for to clere the «yjt(t vertJ wpllc," thtin Je»
take upon hi* back the great and importable bur«€a scribed in an early MS. of mfctlc*! receipts
of your $!ns all. Ltecon't Woilcs, 1843, p. J53. xv. Cent. — " Take 8owj»motentft y»opef
IMPORTANCE. Importunity, Not peculiar to flow res of sowtftcroewod, culamynte, Wt)'« ofc
Shakespeare, as supposed by Nares and Todd. the jeneper tre, of cche lwh« iooch?» t«a t3b«
The word is used by Hey wood. Important, lekuris of fenelie se<le as mocbe an of *Ue tbe
importunate. (Fr.) erbis, and than make alk then; to {>owdwf
IMPORTLESS. Unimportant. Shak. and than, strew it on mete»f or ete it ai\d ti
IMPORTUNACX Importunity. Sha&. Chaucer wolle kep« the »eyj*e» and duryfy tlte «t<ite«ke
has importune. from alle humeres ; awl ^o it wolk make
 475 ING

the hav« a good appetite, and it wolle stere INDIFFERENT. Impartial. Shak.
the lownges, and kepe the lyver in gode state." INDIGNE. Unworthy. (^-/.-K)
INCESTANCY. Incest Middleton, i. 268. INDIGNIFY. To insult, or offend.
INCH. An island. Stok (Se.) INDIRLY. Carefully ; zealously.
INCHES. To be at inches with them, i. e. to be Than whan sche wiste it indirly,
very near to them Devon. Myr X.opeschulde be the more.
Cower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 5*,
INCHESSOUN, Reason ; cause. (^.-,V.)
For love that was thcym bytwene, INDISH, Belonging to India.
He made inchosevun for to abytle. IN D 11 CTION. A beginning ; an introduction to
MS. HarL 2252, f 86. a poem, or play. (Lat.)
INCH-MEAL. A word similar in formation and INDULTYF. Indulgence; luxury. (^.-M)
sense to piece-meal. Still in use in Warwick- Than of brod cloth a jerde be my lyf,
shire. Shak, Me thinketh this is a verry indultyf.
Occleve, SIS. 8oc, Antig. 134, f, 2M
IN-CHQRN. The inner pocket or pouch of a
fishing-net. Warw. INDUMENTS. Endowments. (Lat.)
INCH-PIN. The sweet-bread of a deer. SeeCot- INDURATE. To enure. Arch, xxviii. 148.
grave, in v. Boyau. INDUTE. Clothed ; indued. (Lat)
INCIDENTS. Chance, incidental expences. INDWYNE. To endow. Prompt. Paro.
INCISE. To cut in. (Lat.) INK. Eyes. Minot's Poems, p. 29.
1NCLEPE. To call upon. (<*.-£) INEAR. The kidney. North.
The! in cartis and the! in hors, but we in the INECHED. Inserted. (^.-£)
name of cure Lord God schai i»rte/w. INENNERABLE. Undiscovered; unknown.
MS Tanner 16, f. 51. IN FAME. To defame, or slander.
INCOLANT. An inhabitant. (Lat.) INFANGTHEFE. The liberty of trying a thief
INCOMBROUS. Cumbersome, (//..JV.) granted to the owner of an estate for a rob-
INCOME. Arrival. Also, to arrive. bery committed within it. (^.-£)
Bat Kayou* at the income was kcpyd unfayre. INFANT. A child; a knight. Spenser.
Mort<s Art hurt, MS, Lincoln, f, 76. INFANTRY. Children. Jomon.
I Nf CONSTANCE. Inconstancy. (^f.-.V.) INJFARING. Lying within. Somerset
INCONTINENT, Suddenly; immediately. Used
for incontinently, the adverb. INFATIGABLE. Indefatigable. Draylon.
INFECTIVE. Contagious. Palsgrave.
INCONVENIENT. Unsuitable; unbecoming. INFERRE. To bring in ; to cause.
A frequent sense in old plays.
INCONY, Fine; pretty; sweet; delicate. A term INFEST. Annoying ; troublesome.
of endearment. IN-FEW. In short; in a few words. Shak.
Love me little, love me long j let muslck rumble, INFORTUNE. Misfortune. (^.-2V.)
Whilst I in thy incvny lap do tumble. INFRACT. Unbroken; unbreakable. (Lat.)
Martotve'4 Jew of Malta, iv. S. INFUDE. To pour into. Palsgrave.
O super-dainty canon, vicar inwnyJ INFUNDID. Confounded. See the list prefixed
Hake no delay, Mile*, but away ; to Batman uppon Bartholome, 1582.
And bring the wench and money. INFUSE. Same as Insense^ q. v.
A Tale <tf a Tub, vL 201. ING. A meadow, generally one lying low near a
IN-COS. In partnership. Stwex. river. North.
INCREATE* Uncreated. (Lat.) IN-GA. To go in. This word occurs in MS. Cott.
Myn owen tone with mo increaie Vespas, D. vii. of the thirteenth century.
Schalle doua be «*nte to be incarnate.
I4tdgat«r MS. S»c. stntiq. 134, f. I,
INGAN. An onion. Suffolk.
INCULE. To inculcate. (Lai.) IN-GANGE. The porch of a church. Spenser
INCUSS. To strike. State Papers, i. 280. has ingate, entrance. See also Craven Gloss.
INCUSTUMED, Accustomed. Halt, INGENE. Genius; wit. (Lat.)
INGENIATE. To contrive. Daniel.
INCUTE. The same as fnews, q. v.
ThU doth ineute and bi»at Into our hearts the fear INGENIOSITY. Wit; contrivance. Opticke
of God, which expelleth tin. Glasse of Humours, p. 92.
Becon'i fr&rto, 1843, p. 63, INGENIOUS. Ingenuous. These terms were
INIXE. Azore^jolourcd. (A,~N.) often transposed by early writers.
The tother hew next to fynde INGENNER. To generate. The commentators
Ivalblew, men c»llen i^ncto. on Shakespeare have overlooked the occur-
CMIWT Mundi, MS. UAL Trin. Cantab, f. 62.
rence of the word in this sense in Decker's
INDEED-LA ! The exclamation of a whining
puritanical person. Shakespeare uses the Knight's Conjuring, 1607. It would have
gone far towards the explanation of a difficult
phrase, the right use of which has not been passage in Othello, it L
previously explained. INGENUITY. Ingenuousness.
INDBL. Indoors. Devon. INGENY. Wit See Brit Bibl. L 302 ; Opticke
INDENT, To bargain. Frora Iwtentwe. Glaw of Humours, p, 42.
1N0ER. A large quantity, ^wt According to the nature, ingenv, and property of
INDEX, -A list of thechipt€ai» toabook; any Satan, which is a liar, and the father of all lying.
Secort* Wort*, 1843, p. 277,
«ocplanation prefixed, to a piece of enter*
tgHuneaL I&GINB1L An inventor, or creator. (Lot.)
 INN 4/6 INS
Our wcrthy poets, (rginer* of wit,
INNANDE. Within. Arch. xxx. 409.
Pourtray thesp knights in colours : what for fit INNARDS. Entrails. f'ar.diaL
But to be repi evented on a stage INNATIVE. Innate. Chapman.
By the shanke buskind actors, who presage INNE. In. The adverb. (^.&)
A dearth of gentlemen, plenty of knights
Pit for the stewes, but farre unfit for fights.
INNEAW. Presently. Lane.
INNERESTE. Inmost. (A.-S.}
JfirfrfZetojj's Time's filetamm pfwsis, 1608.
JNNERMQRE. The inner. North.
INGLE. (1) A. favourite; a friend; an attend- The
INNING. A harvest, or gathering in of com;
ant. Perhaps more correctly, a parasite. enclosing. South. Lands enclo*»iid, \\ hen re-
word was used sometimes in the bad sense. covered from the sea, are called innings. See
When the first word that a punke .spcakos at Tier
ingle* commiug into her chamber in a moving, 1 Wright's Mon Letters, p. 105, At cricket,
pray thee send for some fagots the party at the wicket \\p& the innings.
For Gracnli, 1623, p. 9.
INN1ULF."
use. Protnpf* Strung thtcad, such as shoemakers
Part.
(2) A fire ; a flame ; a blaze. North. INNOCENT. (1) Ignorant; silly. Hence a sub-
(3) The same as Enghle, q. v.
IN-GOING. An entrance. (/7.-S.) stantive, anidiot.
IN-GOOD-WORfH. Well intended. (2J Small and pretty, chiefly applied to flowors.
INGRAM. Ignorant. Norlhampt,
I am ne clerke, but an inipram man, of small INNOM-BARLEY. Such barley as is sown the
cideration in suche arogant buke farles second crop, after the ground ia fallowed*
JSullaiu's DutlttgM, 1573, p. 5. North.
INGROTON. To stuff, or surfeit. Pr. Parv. INNOHMITY. Minority; not bring of t lie legal
IN-GROUND. The same as In-bank> q. v. age to reign. (Lat.)
INHABITED. Uninhabited. (Fr\ INNOWE. Enough. LytJgaie MS. I-iwuh oc-
INHERIT. To possess, or obtain. Shak. curs in the Vernon MS. f. 13.
INHIATE. To gape. (Lot.) INOBEDIENCE- Disobedience. Chatterr.
How like gaping wolves do many of them inAiato IN-OPINION. OpinUtivo. Pttoffrw,
and gape after wicked mammon, IN-OVER, Moreover i besides, Withal*.
Becon's WirJt*, 1843, p* 253.
INPAKTE. To mix things together, Lyttgatt,
INHIBIT. To prohibit ; to forbid. IN-PLACE. Present ; here ; in this plan*.
Inhibityng them upon a Create payn not onco to INPLI3ED. Implied. Apol. Loll. J>. 73.
approche ether to his speche or presence.
Hall'* Union, 1548, Hen. V. Pol, 1. INPORTABLE. Uubearabk. (.*..#)
INPRAVABLE. Not able to be corrupted.
INHILDE. To pour in. (A.-S.)
IN HO SPIT ALL. Inhospitable. Hall Set before hb ey«* alway theoy«of ilw cur'an iup
INIQUIEXACION. Disturbance. See Hall, judge and tftt Invrawblv judgjnj? |»Ut'«,
jtotttrf* Wwtt*t ini.'J, p, Im,
Richard III. f. 9.
INPRENNAliLE. Impregnable. (-/.-.X)
INIQUITY. One of the names of the vice or
buffoon in old plays. He is mentioned as old INPURTUlcED, Portrayed j pic(ure<J ; a<U»rae<l
iniquity by Ben Jonson. INQUETE. To inquire, 01 se«k for. (,/,.,V)
IN JEST. Almost; very nearly. West. INQUIRATION. An inquir>'. to/,
INRE1). Rni in colour or complexion.
IN JOIN. To join together. Palsgrave. INRISE. To risft in ; to trine.
INJURE. Injury. (A^N.)
Sothety fr» thythw»e inryw ft gret lufp tnrt
INJURY. To injure. Middleton. what thynge that It trewely twwche*. it r*v«*cbe U
INK. In falconry, the neck, or that part from utterly to it. M3. Ltnevtn A. 4, i?, t. Iflt,
the head to the body of a bird that a hawk
IN-SAMJS. Together. (<£-&)
preys upon. See the Gent. Rec.
INKHORN. To use inkhorn terms, i. e. to write INSCULP. To carve, or engrave. S&att.
IXSELKl). Attested under seal (^,^,)
affectedly, and use fine language. " Escorchr INSENSB. To inform ; to make ft pemn
U Latin, to inkhornize it, or use inkhorn
derstand a thing; to convince; to iii
tearmos," Cotgrave. North. See the Times, Aug. Wlh, 1S43.
INKLE. Inferior tape. See Florio, p. 124 j IN-SENT. Sent, or caat in? placet!.
Harrison, p. 222.
INKLING. A wish, or desire. North. INSET. Implaated. Chanter.
INK-STANDAGE. An ink-stand. YorfA. INSHORED. Come to shore, Stanihurat, p. J?9.
INLAID. Laid in ; provided. Yor&sh. INSIGHT. A road in a coal pifc ttot is drtvcti
into tb« work. North*
IN-LAWE. To receive. (A.-S.)
INLEASED. Entangled ; insnared. (A.-N.) INSPAYRE, Inspiration?
IN-LOKE. To look narrowly. (A-£) * And my lawle made thvrjfr* Ihyao IMIW^^
And gaffd me lyramt* **mly »n4
INLY. Inwardly ; deeply ; thoroughly. (A.-S.)
INN. (1) This term was anciently applied to any
Ifmfl of lodging-house, or residence. INSTANCE. Motive; oai»e$ proof}
When he was acbryven of his synnes, information. M&I.
He went horn into hit Inne*. INSTANT To importiiiie, Sfatc Ptpm, I, Wfr,
MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 4«, f. 44. INSTATE. To pl»c* J». 8<*e tl»« trontto of
(2) To enclose. Sussex.
 477
INT IPO
INSTAURED. Renovated. Marston. INTREAT. To use or treat. Sto*.
INSTILE. To name, or style. Drayton. INTREATANCE. Entreaty. It occurs in
INSTORID. Included; contained. Baler. Holinshed, Hist. England, i. 18.
INSTRUCT. To design, or appoint. (Lat.) INTREATY. Treatment. Painter.
INSUFFISANCE. Insufficiency. (A.-N.) INTRINSE. Intricate. Shak.
INSU1T. Suit, or request. Shak. INTROATE. To make entries. (Lot.)
INSURGE. To arise. (Lat.) This word is INTROITS. Psalms said or sang while the
also used by I lardy ng. priest was entering within the rails of the
What mischkfe hath mxurged In rcalmcs by in- Communion Table.
testine dcvision. Halt, Henry 1 r. fol. 3. INTRUSOUR. An intruder. Lydgate.
INT. A kind of sharper, or rogue ; the same as INTUMULATE. Buried. See Hall, Edw. IV.
intakcr in Blount. if. 34, 61 ; Holinshed, Hist. Scot. p. 44.
INTACK. An inclosure; part of a common INTURN. (1) Instead. Salop.
field planted or sown, when the other part (2) A term in wrestling, when one puts his thigh
lies fallow. North. between those of his adversary, and lifts him up.
INTELLIGENCER. A spy. Intettigenciaries, Then with an intwne following that,
Holinshed, Hibt. Scot. p. 45. Upon his backe he threw him flat.
INTEND. To attend to ; to be intent upon ; to Lucan's Pharsatla, 1614.
stretch out ; to pretend ; to understand ; to INTUSE. A bruise, or contusion. (Lat.)
be at leisure. Palsgrave. I-NU3HE. Enough. (J.-S.)
INfENDABLE. Attentive. Hall INVASSAL. To enslave. Daniel.
INTENDMENT. Intention; design. INVECT. To inveigh. Nares.
INTENTION. Intensity of observation on any INVINCIBLY. This word seems sometimes to
object. tfhtik, have the sense of invisibly.
INTKRCOMMON. IN VITATORY. A hymn of invitation to prayer.
About I.W», all between Easton-Piers and Castle- In theLatin services, the 95th psalm is so called.
Comb was a Campania, likeCotoswold, upon which INVOCATE. To invoke. Shak.
It borders ; and th<»n Yatton and Ca*tle-Combe did
interwmman togothtr. INWARD. Intimate ; familiar. See Stanihurst's
Description of Ireland, p. 34.
Aubrett'x Witit* MS. Soc, Reg. p. 200. INWARD-MAID. A house-maid. Suffolk.
INTERDEAL. Traffic, intercourse, or dealing INWARDS, The intestines. Var. dial.
between persons. Spenser, 1NWHELE. The inner wheel of a mill.
INTERESSE. To interest. Often, to interest
INWIT. Conscience; understanding. (4.-S.)
or implicate very deeply. INWITH. Within. (^.-5.)
INTERFECTOR. One who kills. (Lat.} 1N-3ETTIS. Gets in. (A.-S.)
INTERGATORY. An interrogatory. Shak. This name Jhesulelely haldyne in myndedrawet
INTERMEAN. Something coming between by the rote vyces, settys vertus, in-Iawes chary tee,
two other parts. Men Jo/tnon. In-jettls savoure of hevenely thynges.
INTERMELL. To intermeddle. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 192;
But thay loved eche other pawynge well, I-PAYNNED. Ornamented. (A.-S.)
That no spye* <lur»t with thame intermelL How than, seyst thou, that he Is eoo lovely, the
MS. Lantd. 208, f. 19
whyche evydence In dede shewlth aoo gresly i-
INTEB-ME WING. A hawk's mewing from the paynned and unlovely.
first change of her coat till she turn white. Cajttan,** Divert Fruytful Ghottlj/ Maters.
INTERMINABLE. Infinite. (^.-JV.) IPOCRAS. (1) Hippocrates.
INTERMITTING. The ague. North. And ynto preson put he was j
INTERPARLE. A parley. Darnel. And now begynneth the tale of fpocras.
JUS, Cantab. Ff. li. 38, f. 138.
INTBRPONE. To interpose. (Lat.)
INTHR0NIZATE. Enthroned, Hall. (2) This beverage has been already mentioned, in
INTIL. Into. (/*.-£) r. Bippocras, but some further explanation
Vlf tcho couthe on horse ride, may, perhaps, not be unacceptable. The
And a thousand* men bl hire syde ; manner of making it is thus described in a
And »ho wtre comen inrt/helde,
A »d Kngrlond she couthe welde;
MS. of medical and other receipts — " To make
And don hem of thar hire were queme,
ypocrasse for lords with gynger, synamon, and
An hire bodi couthe y«me : graynes, sugour, and turesofl : and for corny n
Ne wolde me noveie ivele like, pepull gynger canell, longe peper, and claryf-,
Me thou ich were in bevene riche. fyed hony. Loke ye have feyte pewter basens
tiav&kk. 128. to kepe in your poudersi and your ypocrasse
IKTIRE. Within. Mariowe, ill 364. to ren ynne, and to vi basens ye muste have
Enticement. vj. renners on a perche, as ye may here see ;
Thoraw the fendU intityng, and loke you* poudturs and your gynger be
The doutjur thoujt anodur thyng, redy and weE paryd or hit be beton into
M& Cemtdh Ft v. 4$, f. 45,
powtor, Oynger colombyne is the best gyn-
NortA. ger jmayken and balandyne be not so good
H0r holSoto. Now thou knowist the proper-
INTOXICATE. To poison. (Ut>) tees oC ypocras. Your poudurs must be made
 IRA 478 ISE
I RALE. A kind of precious stone.
ereryehe by themselfe, and leid in a hledder Hir payetrelle was of irate fyoe,
in store, hange sure your perche with baggs, Hir cropoure was JITS.
of orpharf.
and that no bagge twoyche other, but basen &imWij A. I. 27, f I
twoyche basen. The fyrst bagge of a galon, IRAN. An eagle. Skinner.
every on of the other a potell. Fyrst do into IRE. Iron. /JVw/.
a basen a galon or ij. of red wyiie ; then put in Ho let nine platus of irn»,
your pouders, and do it into the renners, and Sumtlel thinne ami brod*. -V.9. laud. I'W, J'. W.
so into the seconde bagge. Then take a pece, IRENES E. Rennet. Jfouifntet.
and assay it ; andyef hit be euythyrig to stronge IREX-1IARDE. The herb vertain.
of gynger, alay it withe sjnamon ; and yef it Le CREOS. Th<* orris JM>\\ tl*T. Sit1 (trrartt.
strong of synamon, alay it withe sugour cute. [R1S1I. An old gatm', similar to backgammon,
And thus schall ye make perfyte ypocras. but more complicated.
Andloke your bagges be of boltell clothe, and IRISHUY. The Imh people. Also, Highlan-
the mouthes opyn, and let it ren in v. or ders and Islcs-mcu.
vj. bagges on a perche, and under every bagge IRISII-TOYLE. AcoortUng to the Fraterniiyo
a clene basen. The draftes of the spies is of Vacabondes, 1575, " an Irishe Toyla is lus
good for sewies. Put your ypocrase into a that carrieth his ware in liys wallet, as laws,
stanche wessell, and bynde opon the mouthe pins, poyntes, and such like, tie uaeth to
a bleddur strongly ; then serve forthe waflfers shew no wares until! lift have his ahneu ; atui
and ypocrasse." This is printed in the Forme if the good man and wyfe be not in the nvay,
of Cury, p. 161, but I have had no opportunity he procttrcth of th« children or servants a
of seeing the original manuscript, and I am fleece of wool, or the worth of xij. cl. of sonic
afraid it has not been quite correctly copied
in some few instances. Another ieceipt, much other thing, for a pen! worth of his wart'*.'"
The same character i» mentioned in Dekkfr'a
more simple and intelligible, is given in Ar- Lanthome and CantHe-Light, IfisJO, &ig. IJ. iti.
nold's Chronicle:— " Take a quarte of red IRK. Tedious ; slow ; weary.
wyne, an ounce of synamon, and halfe an unce Vn Gotidya «cr vyw «w? »vych« men jrrfc,
of gynger j a quarter of an ounce of greynes, When they cotue uato lh«MS.Kyrkt*.
««i/. 17*1, f*#>
and long peper, and halfe a pounde of suger ;
andbrose all this, and than put them in a bage Of hyr they were ntvyr »rkr*
of wullea clothe, made therefore, with the AT.V. Cii^ro'*, Kf. H. 3«, t 74,
wyne ; and lete it hange over a vessel, tyll the IRNING. The same as /re«e*et q, v.
wyne be rune thorowe." A third receipt is IRON. To taste a cheese, by running a cheese-
swoop in. JVorM.
given by Cogan,— "Take of cdnamon two IRON-MOULDS. Yellow lumps of earth or
ounces, of ginger half an ounce, of grains a soft stone found in chalk. O*ro».
quarter of an ounce : punne them grosse, and
pui them into a pottle of good claret or white IRON-SICK. A ship or boat is said to he iron
wine, with half a pound of sugar: let all steep sick, when the speeka are so eaten away with
together a night at the least, close covered in the rust, or the nails so worn, that they ntand
some bottle of glasse, pewter, or stone ; and hollow in the planks, BO that the &hip takes
when yon would occupy it, cast a thinne linnen in water by them.
cloath or a piece of a boulter over the mouth IRON-SIDED. Rough; tmruly. tout.
of the bottle, and let so much run through as IROUR. Anger. Se^jrn Sagea> 954*
you will drink at that time, keeping the rest IROUS, Angry j passionate. (X.-M)
close, for so it will keep both the spirit, odor, The colerik frowird /ulk oV d>»ct't,
and virtue of the wine and spices." Ipocras Irvus to here, prodfgxlJ* In i'Xp*1***
seems to have been a great favourite with our MS. &mf*K Kf. i, e, f, i-Ki
I tes none honour torn* to owtiray hyi knyghllrn,
ancestors, being served up at every entertain- Thoghe je bee irout rnene that ay tm one hii o**J«*.
ment, public or private. It generally made a tfvrte Arthur*, MS. Ltowt*. f»«7.
part of the last course, and was taken imme- Char^'t^ yc n*t Irut,
diately after dinner, with wafers or some other And cturytd y» n*t coveytottf.
light biscuits. According to Pegge, it was in MX. H*rl>r<&\.t,W.
use at St. John's College, Cambridge, as late IRP. A fantastic griratc*, or wntortioa of the
as the eighteenth century, and brought in at body. Ben Jtmwn.
Christmas at the close of dinner. IRRECUPERABtE. roe&pftbte of being r
IPRES. A kind of wine, mentioned in the covered. See Hall, Henry VII. f» 2*
Yorkshire Ale, 1697, p. 3. IRRBCURABLB. Incurable. //<*&
I-QUERE. Every where. Gawayne. IRRBVBUBERATION. Vibration,
I-RADE. Read; perused. <X.-£) IRRUGATB. Towtinkl« (tel.)
Here lettres were not for to layne, ISAAC. The hedge-sparrow. War*,
They were i-rade amonge hem alle. from Heismffge, q» v.
MS. Hari. 2252, f. 118. ISCHEWB, Issoej nrogeny.
1RAIN. A spider. See Arain. Th4Fft ts none HeAtftM of u« on rhl* «th« iproftf «*,
To skulk sis irain thou made s&ule his. Her** Arthur*. XS, ttn^t^ f fX
P»alm»> MS. Cott. retpat. D. vii. f, 97. ISE. I. West. In the North, lam,
 479
1ST ITI
ISELBON. An edge-bone of beef. See Arch. serve alle the yere for the istia. Tak also the
xiii. 371. Still in use. levys of red cole, mowshere, and bugle, of
ISENGHIX. The name given to the wolf in the ecche a handfulle and a halfe, and than stampe
romance of Renard. (Lat. Kfed.) thame, and
and sostreyne
;-SE>R. Saw. See St. B randan, p. 8, wyne, therofthem wythevery
drynke gode day
whyte
iij. '
ISIIEH. High; lofty. Yvrtoth. sponefulle at morne, and as moche at nyjth,
ISIXG. A kind of pudding. See Withals, ed. til je be hoole,"
1008, p. 121 ; >Vyl Bucko, p. 12. According I-SXJ03E. In swoon. St. Brandan, p. 1.
to some, a sausage. IT, Yet. West. lathe. North. Formerly
I-SI\VEl>. Followed. (A.-S.) used for he and she. It also signifies a beating
For threo dawcs heo hablro * siwed me,
or correction.
And noujt nc habbv th to mete. The journie semith wondrous long,
MS Ijiud. lOtt, f, 1. The which I have to make,
To tearemysalfeandbeate my braines,
ISLAND. The aisle of a church, called in And all for Wisdomes sake 1
medieval Latin immln ! And it, God knowes what may befall,
ISLANDS. Iceland doirs ; shock-dogs. And what luck God will send,
ISLE-OF-WIGHT-PAUSON. A cormorant, hle- If she will loue me when I come
of- Wight -Rock, a kind of very hard cheese At this myjournyesend.
made there* Marriage of Wit and Wisdoms, 1579.
ISLES. Embers ; hot ashes. Lane. The small ITAILLE. Italy. Chaucer.
black particles of soot arc so called in Lincoln- ITALIAN ATE. Italianized; having adopted
the fashions of Italy.
shire. Isyl
" of fyrf , fariUa," Pr. Parv. p. 266.
I-SODK. Boiled. (/T.-&) ITCH. To creep ; to jet out. Kent. Also, to
More him hkcde that iIke piste, be very anxious.
Thane anl tlechys i-mds othur I-rost. ITCH -BUTTOCK. The game of Level-coil, q. v.
MS, Lauti, 108, f, 12.
Florio has, " Giocare a levaciilo, to play at
ISPY. Hide-and-seek. Var. dial
levell cule, or itch buttock." Skinner spells
ISHUM. A long stupid tale. Line. it differently, " Level coyl, vox tesseris glo-
ISSKS. Earth-worms. Hants. bulosis ludentium propria, a Fr. G. levez le cul,
ISSUEN, To issue, or rush out. culum eleves (i. e.) assurgas, et locum cedas
Whan the crie was cried, walkind was non sene, successori, vices ludendi pnebeas, nobis etiam
Bot tolnne* hied, as Cher no man had bone. hitch buttock, imo etiam Italis eodem sensu
The ScottU perceyved wele thei durst not iwAsn oute,
It neghed nere metesel, than ros up alle the route. Giocare aI. Ltva
ITCHE, culo usurpatur."
Somerset.
At the hie midday went the Scottis men,
Tuo myle wattherway, to thecastelleof Mctfen. ITCHFULL. Itchy. Palsgrave.
ITEM.
Langtoft** ChrtoiicU, p. 334.
A hint. Wore.
ISSU. The entrails of an animal. ITEMS. Tricks ; fancies ; caprices. Devon.
1ST. I will. Also, is it? North, ITEK To renew a thing. (A.-N.)
ISTA. Artthou? Yorteh. I-THE, To prosper. (4.-S.)
He is blynde that may »e,
iSTIA. Th<* following receipt for making " a He h riche that shalle never i-the.
whyte trett that is callyd plasture istia or Archowtogia, xxlx,325
syne" is from a curious MS. of the fifteenth I-TOYLED. Wearied. (A.-S.)
century :— Take mete oyle, and sett hit one And sone the! hedden on hym leyd
the fyre, and than put thereto Hterage off Heore scharpe cloches alle tho ;
gold, sylvcr, or lede; and than sture them Hit was in^a deolful pleyt,
well togethur ; and than take whyte lede, and Reuthllche i-toyled to and fro.
put thereto powder of aerews and codilbon For sum me were ragged and tayled,
thcrto; and than let them sethe welle, and Mid brode hunches on heore bak ;
alwey uture them tille hit be hard and theke ; Scherpe clauwes, and longe nayled ;
Nas non of hem withouten lac.
and than take a pynte of pyle and of the lite- Vernon MS. Bodleian Library.
rage a quartoue, and of whyte led a quartone, IV. In. /n#0,into. North.
and of senis a quorton, and a quarton of
codilbone, be* loke that hit stonde most be I-VALID. Deposed ; made to descend.
And mighty tyrauntes from hir royall see
the Uterage, and this wolbe a gode trett for He hathe i-valid and put adoune.
aile feature* and hott sorys. Yt wylle also Lydgate, MS. Ashmole 39, f . 38
Me a wownde, withowt eny instrumentes of IVELE. Evil; injury; sickness. (A.-S.}
iurgerre; the whiche trett or istia wolle Roberd hire ledde, that was Red,
garre the matere to ys»en owte at the wo wnde, That have tharned for hire the ded
and hete it in a monyth or letyll* more, the Of ani havede hire miaseyd,
wheche wonde wold not be helfd in halfe a Or band with toele onne leyd. Havelok, 1689.
yere be the warke of surged And instede Than him tok an ivel strong,
of codilbon it ys to be noted that tansy, hemp- That he we0] wlste, and underfong,
*e4 or the croppy^ whyle they be grene, That his deth was comen him on. /&io, 114.
maye be takyn ; and the echede therof wolle IVIN. Ivy. North.
 IVY 480

I cannot tell, although I inquired of several of

IVOURE.
With goldeIvory. 'fl-AT.)
and ivoure that so brighte schone. the oldest people in the place, who could onlj
That alle aboute the bewtfe men may se. answer that it had always beeu a sport al
Zjydgate, Rawl'nson MS. f. 34.
IVY. Aubrey mentions a curious custom, which IWE, this season of the year."
A Jew. Nominate MS.
I believe is now quite obsolete. " In several Trowt' this for no U-s> n#,
Darts of Oxfordshire," he says, " particularly And namely leve her of no lw«,
ax Lanton, it is tbe custom for the maid- For al thus dud thet with Jhte»n.
servant to ask the man for ivy to dress the Cursor Afwcfi, M.S'. <W/. Trin. Cantab, f.!l»
house: and if the man denies or neglects to I WE RE. A remedy, or cure. Pr* Part*
fetch in ivy, the maid steals away a pair of his 1-WIIILS. In the mean time.
Hismodiri u'Aikpartocallea knave,
breeches, and nails them up to the gate in the
And iilghte hymgrct* gyftfc to hafe.
Jf& Lincoln A. f. )7, f. 99
yard or highway."
IVY-BUSH. The ivy-bush was formerly hung
out at taverns, to signify that good wine was I-WIS. Certainly ; truly j undoubtedly ; to wit .
especially; besides. (4~.£) After the fif-
sold there, ' The following from a rare work teenth ceatury, this sense .of the word seem*
by Braithwaite, Law of Drinking, 12mo,
to have b«en b&t, and it appears to have beer,
Lond. :1617, is'sufficiently curious to be given
entire regarded as a pronoun and a verb, / AJMW*
Berafrynde, i «oid Adam*
A president of binding any one apprentice to the 2-wytae thou art a wytty man,
known trade of the /vy-bttsh^or Redlettice; taken Thou shale wel drynk therforc.
out of the ancient rfgigter-brtke of Ptttina. MS. <. 'nnttib. Ff. Y. 48, f. 40
Be itknowne unto all men by these presents, that I *mI love
alwayes
1 Ralph Reclnoseof Running-Spiggot Inthecountie «o to troubled
linger; with the IUhorlurdimt
of Turue-Tap, bowzer, am tide and fast bound unto I am so lasy, the mo«#8 growcth an
Francis Fiery-face in all up-carouses, in twenty pott Inch thick on the top of my finger !
sterling ; that is to say, not by the common can or But if you l!*t to kno*e my name,
jug now used, but by the ancient full top and good, / wi* 1 am to welt-knowen to *om« mmi
measure, according to the laudable custorne of the My name is idJenea, the fiow»r
Red Lettice of Nip-scalpe; to the which said pay- Of the fry ing- pan 1
meat well and truely to be made, I bind me, my My mother had Ij. whelp* u ooe litter,
heires* ale-squires, pot-companions* Hck-wimbJes, Both borne in Lent ; #
malt-wormes, vine-fretters, and other faithfull So we ware both put into B mus*«llbote.
drunkards, firmely by these presents; Dated the
thirteenth of Scant-sober, and sealed with O I am And came faiing lu a $owe» yeweouer MM tat'
ticke, and delivered with a bowle and a broomeln Keau Marries* ^ mu**d ff^lMw, 1675
the presence of throstle*, the tapster, and thecham- HRNE. axle-tree.
. An
Iron. North
Sumx.
berlaine.
Wyth gunne»gret» and other gflrt oTdlaawt,
IVY-GIRL, A writer in the Gentleman's Mag- Them to help and to avanc.
azine, quoted by Brand, i. 35, mentions a sort With many a prowd pavy* i
of sport used in Kent during the month of Gayly p«ynttd and uufflid walle,
February, where the girls were burning in Eibawdetarmyd with tymt and «telt,
triumph a figure which they had stolen from Was never better off devycc. Ret,<i. Anttf. 1L fi»,
the boys, called a holly-boy, whilst the boys IZEY-T12EY. Uncertabty, &«w*.
wore doing the same with another figure called IZLE. Hoarfrojit. JVbrfA.
aa wy~girL All this ceremony was accom- IZZARD. The letter Z, For. diaL MOT-
panied with loud huzzas, noise, and acclama- generally pronounced izset.
tions. The writer adds, " what it all means I3EN. Eyes, Seo iuigtoft, p, 2^.
1 36 595