METEKEL EXPLORATION PROJECT

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
As part of the systematic gold exploration programs, which were employed in the
Metekel license area by Midroc Gold Mine Plc.; integrated detailed ground geophysical
survey was employed in four selected targets, namely, Egambo, Epar, West_Tangoy and
Aware. The geophysical work consists of spectral IP and resistivity survey at Egambo and
Epar targets and IP/Resistivity, magnetic and radiometric surveys at West Tangoy and
Aware targets.
The exploration work done by Midroc Gold was aimed at gold in all targets except the
west tangoy target which is aimed at massive sulphides with possible gold association.
This survey was fully executed by Midroc Gold geophysics team.
The geophysical equipment’s employed in this survey includes, IPR-12 time domain IP
and resistivity receiver, GGT-3 transmitter, SM-5 cesium precision total field
magnetometer and GIS-S portable gamma radiation spectrometer, all are recently
purchased by the company.

1.2 Location and Accessibility

The project area is located in northwestern Ethiopia, namely in Benishangul-Gumuz
Regional State, Metekel Zone, Bulen, Debate, Wembera, Mambuk, Mandura, and Guba
Woreda's. The specific localities included in the above-mentioned woreda's are Aware-
Doshe, Wetsanjiref-East Badore, Galesa, Dora-Jela, Baruda, Tirshaga, Ablarus, Aysid,
Kota, Anjakoya, Jadiya, Bahu, Yabanija, and West Tangoy (Fig. 1).
The distance by road from Addis Ababa to the MPL is 585km (to Bulen), or 690km (to
Mankush), of which 441km is asphalted, while the rest is gravel. Hence, it is possible to
reach the license area at any time during the year. However, most of the localities within
the license blocks themselves are poorly accessible, so that prospecting activities must
often be carried out on foot.

Accessibility to all targets is relatively easy and could be reached by four-wheel drive
cars using the route Addiss-Debre-markos-Chagni and heading west some 80 to 100 km
from Chagni town to Bullen, where the central camp of the project is established.
Fig. 1 LOCATION MAP OF METEKEL EXPLORATION PROJECT
1.3 Objectives and Scope of the present work
The geophysical survey was executed with the following objectives :
-to indicate the lateral and depth extensions and dip direction of mineralized bodies.
-to map favourable structural trends for gold mineralization.
-to map lithological boundaries with particular emphasis given to host rocks and
mineralized zones.
- to authenticate the EIGS anomalies at Egambo target
Using magnetic method could provide an effective means to delineate different zones of
magnetic fields and map lithological boundaries and buried structures as well as study the
rock fabric (grain size) of the different rocks in conjunction with Spectral IP data. Thus,
the methods are helpful to identify which rocks are hosting mineralization.
The application of SIP method other than the conventional IP is advantageous to get extra
information with out additional cost in the survey (time and money). Therefore, the data
generated will substantiate attempts for source discrimination if any and screen IP
anomalies/targets (economic and uneconomic ones).
By using gamma ray spectrometry we may be able to determine the radiation of the
radioelements; Uranium, Thorium and Potassium concentrations. And using this too,
may effectively display subtle variations in the ternary radio element images and classify
responses, delineate lithological boundaries, alterations and possible structural trends.
This in turn will help to improve and upgrade the detail geological mapping.
Furthermore, zones of mineralization associated with particular wall rock alterations
(potassic, sericitaization and silicifications) could be delineated using gamma ray
spectrometry and resistivity data.
After correlating the different geo-data set, it could be possible to integrate the different
geophysical signatures, soil geochemical assay, geological and structural mapping results
and interpretations for possible mineral and anomalous zonations in the area.
Based on the geological model for the mineralization (gold and base metals) it will be
possible to study the geophysical properties of the host rocks and other rock units in the
area-and integrate the different responses to prepare geophysical exploration criterion for
mineralization.
1.4 previous work
As part of the systematic gold exploration program, a detailed geophysical survey was
employed in two selected areas, Egambo and Baruda by the Beles Dinder Gold and Base
metals exploration project under the Geological Survey of Ethiopia.
The targets were derived from 1:100,000 reconnaissance geological and structural
mapping followed by 1:25,000 scale geological and geochemical mapping between 1997
and 1998, Wubshet Zewude, et, al. 1998.).
Following this in 1999 a detailed integrated geophysical survey comprising radiometric,
total field magnetic and IP/Resistivity (spectral) was conducted.
Prior to this detail ground survey airborne geophysical survey has been conducted under
the ETHIO_NOR project. ( the detail of this will be included in the final report).
The gold exploration program was assisted by the Norwegian geological survey, as part
of the ETHIO-NOR cooperation in the Geological Survey of Ethiopia.
Furthermore, based on the geophysical, geological and geochemical results two test holes
were drilled in Egambo and crossed a low grade ore zone.
2. GEOLGY AND MINERALIZATION
2.1 Regional Geology the Metekel Exploration Project
The Precambrian low grade rocks of Ethiopia are exposed where the younger cover rocks
have been eroded away in parts of Northern, Southern and Western Ethiopia (Kazimin,
1975). The western Precambrian is part of the Pan African superacrastal (low grade belt)
which is composed of meta volcanic and meta sediments penetrated by numerous
batholiths.
The western Ethiopian Precambrian provinces could be divided in to two parts. Arhcean
quartzofeldspatic gneisses in the east and Proterozoic units consisting of various meta
volcanic, meta conglomerate, phylites, quartzites, marbles and meta cherts to the west
(Tefera, 1991). The Proterozoic terrain mainly characterized by metamorphic rocks of the
basement complex, high-grade gneiss, low grade volcano-sedimentary sequences, linear
metamorphic rocks (ophiolite) and syn tectonic province.
The following is the excerpt from the summary of (Grenne et al, 1998) about the
tectonomagmatic evolution of the Precambrian domains of western Ethiopia which is
based on the numerous reports and publications. This summary is notably based on the
geological/structural observation of (Abreham, 1998) and geochronological
measurements using U-pb and Rb-Sr by Tekleweld, 1990.
Pre-kinematics pultons, with an age >800Ma, participated in the ca. 780-760 Ma regional
pan-African deformation and regional low grade metamorphism. This approximately E-W
shortening event, designated D1 in Abreham 1998, resulted in multi-scale tight to
isoclinal folds and a penetrative, axial plane-parallel foliations, striking NNE-SSW. This
foliation is the main structure in the proterozoic province. At places, this foliation is
crosscut by syn-D1 granitoid intrusive. A latter, more localized D2 sinistral-transcurrent
phase locally reached amphibolite’s facieses in some 100 meters wide, discrete shear
zones. Along the western boundary of the proterozoic province, a 35-50 km wide and
200km long dextral high-strain zone formed late in the deformation sequence. This zone
probably came in place around 582 Ma. The lower age of tectonism is confirmed by ca.
570-540 Ma late to post-kinematic plutons.
Fig. 2 Regional Geological Map of Metekel Exploration Project

2.2 Local Geology and Mineralization

2.2.1 Geology of Egambo Target
The Proper Egambo prospect is covered by 1:10000 scale follow-up geological mapping
together with South Egambo target (Fig. geological map of Epar target). It is underlain by
graphitic quartz sericite schist, marble, quartzite, plagioclase-amphibole schist,
metaultramafics, metagabbro, granite stocks and quartz veins.

Graphitic quartz-sericite schist

Graphitic quartz-sericite schist in the Proper Egambo area form north-south trending,
low-lying hill rock. The schist is lensoid-shaped, dark gray, fine-grained, laminated and
foliated. It is bounded by ultramafic to the north, and marbles to the east, west and south,
having 1.8km strike length and a maximum width of 0.6km.

Marble
The marble is white, light gray, gray and dark gray in colour. It is exposed mainly in the
western and central parts of the prospect area trending to the north. In outcrop, it is
brecciated, foliated and sheared, although a massive variety was also mapped. In places
the rock is silicified containing limonite-coated quartz veins and veinlets. Exposures are
compositionally layered, imparting a stratified texture in the form of alternating light and
dark bands to the rock. The layering may be a reflection of the original sedimentary
bedding, or a product of mineral segregation produced during deformation.

Quartzite
Quartzite outcrops on north-central part of the target area confined between graphitic
quartz mica schist to the west and metaultramafics to the east The rock unit is gray to
light gray, fine to medium grained and banded. Mineralogical composition is dominated
by quartz with minor amounts of mica, disseminated pyrite and magnetite. It trends to the
north, having a maximum dimension of 400m, and hosting big and small quartz veins.

Plagioclase-amphibole schist
The plagioclase-amphibole schist outcrops in the eastern part of the area intercalated with
marble. Compositionally it is dominated by amphiboles with low amount of plagioclase.

Metaultramafics
Metaultramafic rocks constituting actinolite chlorite schist, talc serpentine actinolite
schist, talc schist and serpentinite outcrop in the northeastern part of the Proper Egambo
area. The intrusives are deformed and metamorphosed, and associated with tectonized,
ultramafic schists. The ultramafites form prominent, elongate, northwest-southeast
trending ridges. The serpentinite is dark green to pale green in colour, fine-grained,
massive and compact.
Metagabbro
Isolated small stocks sometimes sheared and elongated metagabbro outcrops within
the graphitic quartz sericite schist and marble on the southern and central parts of the
target area. It is medium to coarse grained, gray to greenish-gray, and leucocratic to
mesocratic with a color index ranging from 25 to 45.
Granite
A small, 10x20m, sheared granite stock outcrop was observed within the graphitic quartz
sericite schist at the central part of the area between trenches 3 and 6. It is coarse grained
and massive, having quartz, alkali feldspar and subordinate mica.
Quartz vein
Quartz vein and veinlet’s of variable texture, magnitude and attitudes outcrop on the
upper part of the ridge and in stream courses, hosted in the graphitic quartz sericite schist,
marble and quartzite.

Alteration and Mineralization

Silicification, sericitization, sulfidation and carbonitization were the most common types
of hydrothermal alterations encountered in the Proper Egambo target area. Silicification
is ubiquitous and manifested by quartz veinlets along and across the foliation trend
having minor sulfides. Carbonitization occurs occasionally in relation with the
silicification. Sericitization is visible along fracture planes of feldspars and strongly
associated with quartz - mica schists. Gold and other associated sulfides (pyrite,
chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite and pyrrhotite) of variable intensity are the main minerals
contained in sheared and altered zone of metasedimentary rock units (Ethio-Nor, 2002).
On the surface sulfides are weathered to hematite. Disseminated hydrothermal pyrite is
the major sulfide in quartz veins hosted in quartzite on the northern part of the area.
Fig. 3 Detail Geological Map of Egambo Target

2.2.2 Geology of Epar Target (Target 6)

The Epar area is underlain by graphite schist (Pgrsc), phyllite (Pphl) and metagranite
(Pgt1). Generally the rock units strike N15W and dip 65 to west (Fig. 30a and 30b).
Graphite schist (Pgrsc)
This rock unit is exposed west of the detail grid area and Duksi River in a regional shear
zone lying within extensive north-south striking high strain belt, forming about 1.2 km
wide sharp crested ridge. It also forms a relatively flat topography at the northern part
particularly around Gorshi River.
Phyllite (Pphl)
The phyllite largely covers the central and eastern parts of the mapped area forming a
north-south trend, dipping 65 to the west, and having linear contact with the adjacent
graphite schist and intercalated metagranite.

Metagranite (Pgt1)
Metagranite is exposed in the southern part of the study area forming a ridge, and as small
isolated lenses in the central and northern parts trending N15W. The main outcrop is
strongly sheared and sericitized. This rock appears to be an ultramylonite with a high
proportion of quartz-rich matrix, and hosts a quartz vein zone.
Alteration and Mineralization
Duksi and Gorshi river banks have been actively mined for placer gold by the local
Gumuz people since a long period of time.
Sericitization, silicification and kaolinization are the main forms of alteration developed
on the metagranite at the Epar detail grid area with intensity diminishing away from the
quartz vein zone.
Fig. 4 Detail Geological Map of Epar Target

2.2.3 Geology of the West_Tangoy Target (Target 5e)

The detail target area (Target 5e), covering 4.5km 2, is underlain by quartzite, quartz mica
schist, marble, metagranite and quartzite breccia. Generally the rocks strike northwest,
dipping 60 to 80 both to the northeast and southwest (Fig.___) geological map of west-
tangoy).
Quartzite occupies the central part of the mapped area and forms lithological contact with
marble and altered quartz mica schist from the west and east respectively. The eastern
part of it that formed lithological contact with the altered quartz mica schist is breccia
cemented by Fe-oxide.
Quartz mica schist borders the brecciated quartzite from the west and metagranite from
the east. It is deeply weathered and altered near the contact with brecciated quartzite,
exhibiting a reddish brown surface running subparallel to the all-weather road leading to
the Beles River bed. Gossan, quartz stringers and veins have been noted in the trenches.
Intensity of oxidation and alteration increases towards the contact with the quartzite
breccia.

Fig. 5 Detail Geological Map of West_Tangoy Target

2.2.4 Geology of Aware Target (Target 14)

The Aware-Doshe area is underlain by Precambrian rocks consisting of metatonalite,
quartz-sercite schist, graphite schist, quartz-biotite schist, marble, quartzite, amphibole
schist, granite and Tertiary basalt (Fig. geological map of Aware target). The low-grade
metavolcano-sedimentary rocks are found east of the metatonalite.
Metatonalite
Metatonalite outcrops in the western part of the target area representing strongly
deformed batholith. It is light-gray to slightly brownish in colour, fine to medium grained
and weakly foliated. The rock is made up of quartz, plagioclase and biotite. The lithologic
units in contact with the metatonalite to the east in the target area are marble and quartz
biotite schist.
Quartz-sericite schist
Quartz-sercite schist is the most extensively developed rock occupying both high and low
topography. It trends N10E, dipping 82 - 85 to E, and bounded to the west and east by
quartzite, marble and graphite schist respectively.
The rock is found extensively altered south of the Doshe Ridge and in the eastern part of
the mapped area. Outside the hydrothermally altered zone it is fine-grained, light to dark
gray in colour, highly schistose and composed of quartz, feldspars and sericite with lesser
concentrations of chlorite and graphite. Within the altered zone it is light gray, fine
grained with mineral composition dominated by mosaic-shaped quartz and subordinate
sericite, disseminated pyrite and criss-crossing quartz veinlets. Weathering gives reddish-
brown appearance to the silicified and altered quartz-sericite schist.
Graphite schist
Graphite schist outcrops in the central and eastern parts of the target area within a north-
south trending sinistral shear zone lying in a possible overturned synformal structure. It
trends N10E, dipping steeply to east showing gradational contact with the quartz-sericite
schist. The outcrop on the eastern part of the area is bounded to the west and east by
quartz-sericite schist and quartzite respectively. The eastern graphite schist consists of
interlayered graphitic phyllite and quartz-sericite schists.

Quartzite
The quartzite outcrops on the western and eastern slopes of Doshe Ridge and on the low
ground west and east of the Aware Ridge. North of Doshe Ridge it extends for about a
kilometer and south of Doshe Ridge it was traced until Exploration Line 3600N on the
soil grid. Generally it strikes N20E, dipping 85 SE. The rock is light to dark gray, fine to
medium grained, banded and sometimes brecciated hosting Fe-stained glassy quartz
veins. It is composed of quartz with lesser amount of sericite, magnetite and hematite.

Quartz - biotite schist

Quartz-biotite schist outcrops west of Gishen stream i.e., west and northwest of Doshe
Ridge. It is bounded to the west and east by metatonalite and quartzite respectively. The
major rock forming minerals are biotite, feldspar, and quartz with subordinate
hornblende. The schist is fine to medium grained, foliated and light to dark gray in colour.
Dolomitic marble
Dolomitic marble outcrops west of Aware Ridge in contact with quartz sericite schist.
Lithological contact between the rock and the eastern metatonalite is exposed south of
Emanji village. North of the village this contact is obscured by deep overburden. It is
predominantly composed of calcite, dolomite, quartz and graphite. Around the Emanji
area it shows thin rhythmic lenticular wavy planar features. The outcrop located south of
Emanji village previously reported as skarn is actually metagabbro with minor
disseminated pyrite and chalcopyrite.

Amphibole schist
Amphibole schist outcrops on the eastern part of the ridge in contact with the graphitic
schist and trending N25E, dipping moderately to east. It is well foliated and composed of
plagioclase and amphiboles.
Granite
A small massive granite stock outcrops 1.75km east of peak area of Doshe Ridge very
close to a quartz vein hosted in quartz-sericite schist.

Tertiary basalt
Exposure of basalt occurs in and around Aware Ridge. The rock is thin, dark, fine-
grained, and composed mainly of plagioclase, pyroxene and opaque minerals.

Alteration and Mineralization

There are small placer gold workings along some high order streams and rivers draining
both the eastern and western slopes of the Aware-Doshe Ridge. Of these streams and
rivers, upper reaches of Dogi and Gishen streams located west of the ridge, and Bor
valley located to the east are known seasonal placer gold mining sites. Silicification
bounded by broad carbonitization with abundant pyrite, subordinate galena and minor
azurite is the most pervasive form of alteration developed on the main ridge associated
with the shear zone trending N10E. The host rock that has undergone intense alteration is
quartz-mica schist. There are two generations of quartz veins and veinlets that occur in
the silicified zone. The earlier generation is concordant to the foliation, and the latest
generation is represented by quartz veinlets that are discordant and Fe-stained. From
outcrop observations, panned channel samples containing gold grains and assayed
channel samples, it is part of the alteration zone between EL 200N and EL 4000N with
high concentration of these latest generation of quartz veinlets that has good potential for
gold mineralization.
Fig. 6 Detail Geological Map of Aware Target

3. GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYS
3.1 Survey Grid Statistics and Volume of Geophysical Work done
In all targets except Epar, survey lines and station intervals were spaced at 100m and 10m
respectively. A total of 47 lines were surveyed by geophysics. The details are given in
tables 1 and 2.
Table 1. Survey grid and summary statistics
No. Target Base line Line/Station Total No. ProfileLength Remark
Bearing Interval of lines (L.km)

1 Egambo N-S 100m/10m 6 0.5

2 Epar N10°E 200m/10m 10 0.5
3 N_Tangoy N20°E 100m/10m 21 0.5
4 Aware N12°E 100m/10m 10 1

Table 2. Statistical Summary of the Geophysical Work in Metekel Exploration Project

No. G.M. Total No. of Lines Total No. of Total Volume of work
Observations (Lkm)
Target Eg Ep NT AW Eg Ep NT AW Eg Ep NT AW
1 Magnetics - - 21 10 - - 1071 1010 - - 10.5 10
2 Radiometry - - 21 - - 1071 - - 10.5
3 IP/Res. 6 10 5 5 166 281 120 213 2.81 2.5 5
Key: GM=Geophysical Methods; Eg=Egambo; EP=Epar; NT=North_Tangoy;
AW=Aware

3.2 INSTRUMENTATION
3.2.1 RADIOMETRIC
A Pico Environment Inc. (PEI) made portable /mobile Gamma Radiation Spectrometer
model GIS-S was used in the radiometric survey. This instrument is advanced, software
driven instrumentation specifically designed for ground on foot or mobile geophysical or
environmental survey work.
The PGIS-SP is a fully integrated system incorporating the GRS2 Gamma spectrometer,
and advanced satellite (GPS) navigation, real-time path information that can be displayed
over a map image (georeferenced BMP format) of the area under investigation, and a
reliable data acquisition software package. Automatic synchronization of acquired data to
the GPS position and time provides very close correlation between data and geographical
position. The instrument is equipped with a sophisticated software suite allowing easy
maintenance and upgrade.
The instrument uses the Intelligent Gamma Detector (IGD) spectrometer system to
provide real-time information on levels of radiation. The IGD uses NaI(TI) detector
integrated with a fully automated detector control system.
The IGD does not require any calibration in the field, as it is calibrated, tested and
verified by the manufacturer.

3.2.2. MAGNETIC
A Scintrex made Navmag model SM-5 caesium precision magnetometer was used in this
survey. This instrument is the art-of–state in the magnetometer generation and is recently
purchased by the company.
The SM-5 display is a full VGA colour 640X480 graphics screen. Typically, each screen
has a screen title, data entry or setup area, selectable options and navigation options. The
SM-5 has two modes of operations, namely, the search mode and the stop-and go mode.
The latter mode was used in this survey as it is the proper mode for mapping purposes.
This magnetometer retains an accuracy of 0.01 nT at a sampling rate of 10 samples per
second. The SM-5 is provided with an external GPS in order to take the coordinates of the
data position together with the magnetic data. Furthermore, the SM-5 magnetometer has a
facility to use the survey grid as a background map. To enhance navigation, one can
create a base map and plot waypoints which most likely are the start and end points of the
survey line. (More details about this magnetometer can be found in the operational
manual of the SM-5)
3.2.3 IP/RESISITIVITY
A transmitter, a receiver, a motor generator, non-polarizing porous-pots as potential
electrodes, stainless steel stakes as current electrodes, steel wires for connecting current
and potential electrodes were used for the IP/Resistivity survey.
The IPR-12 Time Domain Induced Polarization /Resistivity accepts signals from up to
eight potential dipoles simultaneously and record in a solid state memory along with
automatically calculated parameters for later data retrieval and processing. It averages the
primary voltage (Vp), Self-Potential (SP) and individual transients (Mi) continuously.
For this survey a two second transmit and receive time is selected. Calculated cole-cole
parameters namely: chargeability amplitude (M) and time constant (tau) for average and
fixed value of c=0.25 were generated
In spectral IP, the IPR-12 receiver samples the decay curve at a number of points. Each
measured decay is then characterized using simple models. The model used in IPR-12 for
spectral IP is the Cole-Cole model.
This model is defined by four parameters, they are:
1. R- the resistivity in Ohm-meters
2. M/I- the chargeability amplitude in mV/V
3. Tau the time constant in seconds
4. C - The exponent dimensionless which is constant in IPR-12 and is set to 2.5
The measured decays are compared against a full set of model curves in the IPR-
12 receiver. The best agreement yields the spectral parameters MIP, and tau in
our case. These two parameters are presented in the form of pseudo sections to
assist interpretation of the conventional IP.
The GGT-3 Zong transmitter and a honda motor generator were used for the
IP/Resistivity survey.

3.3 FEILED PROCEDURE

3.3.1 RADIOMETRIC
The radiometric survey was carried out over a girded area. Readings were taken at 10m
station interval, with 10 seconds counting time through- out the targets. The GIS S
Gamma ray spectrometry unit was calibrated in the factory, to keep the incoming energies
in a specific predetermined window; hence no calibration was made in the field.

3.3.2 MAGNETIC
A base station was chosen in a magnetically quite area closer to the survey grid area in
order to control the daily variations of the earth’s magnetic field. Then the total
magnetometer readings were taken along the survey grid lines at 10m sampling interval.
In order to compensate the diurnal variations of the earth’s magnetic field a visit at the
base station was made at the starting and end of the daily survey routine. This was the
daily working procedure followed for the magnetometer survey after initializations and
adjusting other specifications for the total field measurement.
3.3.3 IP/RESISTIVITY
A modified dipole cable was prepared and used as a potential cable to take measurements
of six dipoles at a time.
A Dipole-Dipole electrode configuration with a dipole length of 40m was used at Egambo
and Aware targets while a dipole length of 20m was in the Epar and West Tangoy targets
to produce section data along 27 lines in the surveyed targets. In order to increase the
depth detection, measurements were made with increasing values of n (n=1 to 6). At each
electrode position; the apparent resistivity, the chargeabilities of individual transients
(Mi) and Spectral IP (SIP) parameters for c=0.25 were measured.

3.4 DATA PROCESSING AND PRESENTATION

3.4.1 RADIOMETRIC
The PGIS-SP program provides a multi-function system that is used to control data
acquisition, display, and navigation guidance. The acquired data, positional information
and other reference data are stored in a compressed binary data format. During the daily
routine field survey two different data files are recorded in the instrument memory. The
PGIS-SP data acquisition software performs a number of complex mathematical
calculations in real-time, of which the data collection and storage takes the highest
priority. The calculated and recorded data is retrieved from the instrument memory via a
PCMCIA port and transferred on to a Laptop computer on a daily basis for further
processing. The retrieved binary data was converted in to ASCII files using a program
called “PEIView” provided by the manufacturer along with the instrument.
The converted ASCII data was edited in the geosoft format and then girded, smoothed
and contoured using the Oasis montaj (ver. 6.3) Geophysical and Geochemical data
processing software and presented as a colour map of the selected channel.
The radiometric maps for the Total counts, potassium concentration, Uranium
concentration and Thorium concentration are presented as a colour maps at a scale at
1:5,000. The colour intervals vary from map to map, 10 counts/10 sec. for the total count,
5 PPT for potassium, 5 ppm for Uranium and 10 PPM for the Thorium.

3.4.2 MAGNETICS
The measured total field magnetic readings are taken by a flash disk from the
magnetometer and transferred to a laptop computer on a daily basis.
The raw data were corrected for diurnal variations. The corrected data were then girded
smoothed and contoured using the Oasis montage mapping system.
Furthermore, the Analytic Signal (AS) of the magnetic data was prepared and presented.
The Analytic Signal (AS) is a filter product of the total magnetic map. The advantage of
using analytic signal technique helps to determine magnetic boundaries. The analytic
signal (AS) anomaly is independent of magnetization direction, which improves near
surface structural mapping assuming a step model. The method dose not require
knowledge of magnetization direction and does not require reduction to the pole
processing (Roest et al, 1992). The theoretical formulation briefly is:

et the magnetic anomaly be H.

The generalized analytic signal expression is given by:
A(x,y)= /x (H) + /y (H)+ / z(H)ß
where , ß ,  directional cosines in the x, y and z directions.
A(x,y) = [/x (H)]2 + [/y (H) ]2 +[/ z(H)] 2 
This complex mathematical process can be easily performed by Geosoft software.
Using the above relation, analytic signal map of the surveyed areas are prepared
and presented as colour maps.

3.4.3 IP/RESISTIVITY
The dipole-dipole field data was directly dumped to a lap-top computer in the field.
Apparent Resistivity, chargeability of the seventh slice the time-constituent () and the
chargeability amplitude were selected for processing and presentation from IPR-12 data.
The data was presented in the form of IP/Resistivity pseudo-sections for each surveyed
lines and plan maps at three different depth levels (n=1,4, 6).
The Oasis-Montaj, Geosoft mapping system software was used for the pseudo-section and
plan map production.
4. RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION
4.1 EGMBO TARGET
A dipole-dipole configuration was applied on 6 lines crossing the anomalous zones
defined by the IP/Resistivity gradient array survey conducted by Geological Survey of
Ethiopia (GSE).
The spectral IP and Resistivity pseudo sections, the chargeability and apparent resistivity
stacked sections and the IP and apparent resistivity plan maps of three different depth
levels (n=1,4,6) are prepared and discussed below.

IP/Rsistivity pseudo sections

Line 100N
The chargeability anomaly along this line is outlined between stations 100W and 50E
beneath n=2. The chargeability value of this zone exceeds 40 mV/V against a background
value of 20-25 mV/V. The shape of this anomaly is nearly vertical.
The corresponding apparent resistivity section shows an intermediate to high resistivity
value. The resistivity of this zone increases with depth; this could be due to silicification.
(Fig. ____&____,_____ ).
Part of the IP anomaly, between stations 50W and 100W corresponds to low resistivity
and long-time constant (tau); this suggests the occurrence of graphitic schist. The time
constant is relatively shorter, between stations 50W and 50E where the centre of the IP
anomaly is located indicating the cause of the anomaly could be due to disseminated
sulphides and/or a mixture of both sulphides and graphite. The line is located a few
meters south of boreholes MEDH-7 and MEDH-12 and their geologic log result are
available the final report of Metekel Exploration Project.
Specral IPR Pseudosection Plots along Line 100N

Line 200N
The main chargeability anomaly along this line is outlined between stations 100W and the
baseline and is dipping sub-vertically due east. At its up-dip side the anomaly corresponds
to a medium west dipping root-less resistivity zone. A more resistive zone is located east
of this zone. The corresponding time constant shows longer tau indicating a largely
interconnected sulphides and/or graphite (Fig.______).
Line 300N
The chargeability anomaly this line starts near surface between stations 25W and 50W.
This zone gets wider with depth and slightly dip’s due west. The corresponding resistivity
of this zone varies from medium to high. The high resistivity zone corresponding to this
zone is clearly dipping to the west and does not go beyond the n=4 depth level.
The IP/Resistivity section across this line has proved that the quartzite body has a limited
depth extent (less than n=4). The corresponding time constant value ranges from medium
to long indicating the occurrence of mixed sulphides and graphitic minerals within the
quartzite unit.
During the field survey, this line was considered as a strategic line used to decide about
the drilling activity to the north. To this end, based on the IP/Resistivity section result
across this line a borehole location was set at station 125W with an inclination of 60° due
east (MEDH-8).(see Fig.____ Pseudo section plot along line 300N).
The drilling has crossed a mineralization; mainly pyrhotite and pyrite bearing zone from
60.14 to 82.72m depth. This zone is separated by a chloritized, weakly silicified biotitic
schist with big crystals of garnet from 63.62 to 69.66 meters down depth. (see geological
log of MEGDH-8). Further more the drilling result has strengthened the geophysical
result.
Line 400N
Along this line a medium to high chargeability anomaly zone is outlined between stations
25W and 100W. On its upper side (n < 3) the chargeability is medium and beneath this
depth level the chargeability gets stronger. The corresponding resistivity of this zone
exhibits two resistivity characteristics. The upper (medium) IP anomaly correlates with a
high resistive body which probably is a quartzite. Beneath the quartzite, a low resistivity
coincides with a strong chargeability and longer time constant This could be due to a
graphitic bearing schist.

Line 500N
The chargeability anomaly along this line is outlined between stations 50W and 175W.
This suggests that the cause of the anomaly could be a graphitic schist. The apparent
resistivity section across this line has further proved that the quartzite is simply covering
the ridge.

Line 500S
This line is designed on the basis of the IP anomaly obtained at depth (beneath n=3) by
GSE; which intern has brought the idea which says probably the ore bearing zone could
plunge due south. (on site discussion with geologists deputed to the project). To
check/prove this idea an IP/Resistivity section using a larger dipole length (40m) ,to
obtain deeper information has conducted across this line.
The spectral IP and Resistivity pseudo sections has depicted a wide chargeability anomaly
zone, actually wider and open at depth beneath the n=2 depth level. This zone marks the
contact between the marble and quartz sericite schist.
Based on the spectral IP/Resistivity section result and the previous geological knowledge
a drilling site was located at station 50E, located in the marble outcrops; (MEGDH-15)
and projected due west at 55° inclination to cross the anomaly at depth.
The geological log is in harmony with what has anticipated before drilling. The
geological log show a thick marble down to a depth of 119.7m, then a disseminated
sulphide rich (pyrite) biotite schist down to 129.26m. The pyrite and pyrhotite zones are
crossed at depths 129.6 to 135.54m, 161.48 to 166.35m and 171.12 to 199.25m. (see
geological log of borehole MEGDH-15).

4.2 EPAR TARGET

As it has been mentioned earlier under the objectives of the present geophysical work in
Metekel Exploration Project; the objective at Epar target was to outline the lateral and
depth extent of the gold bearing and sericitized granite. To this end, primarily three
geophysical disciplines (magnetic, radiometric and Spectral IP/Resistivity) were planned
to be executed in Epar target. However, due to some logistics problem only IP/Resistivity
survey was conducted in this field season.
IP/Resistivity pseudo sections using a dipole-dipole electrode configuration with a dipole
length of 20 meters and “n” varies from one to six has conducted on 10 lines spaced every
200m with observation points of 10m.
The spectral IP and resistivity (SIP/R) data from 10 surveyed lines prepared as a pseudo
section plot for each surveyed line and presented here. Furthermore, to help visualise the
anomaly distribution at different depth levels ; IP and Resistivity plan maps of the n=1,4
& 6 are presented as colour maps and discussed here under.

SPECTRAL IP AND RESISTIVITY PSEUDO SECTIONS

LINE 0
The chargeability along this line is outlined between stations 90E and 150E. This
IP anomaly is nearly vertical in shape and wider at depth. The corresponding apparent
resistivity section is not unique to this chargeability zone. It generally shows a medium
resistivity (>200 ohm-m) intercalated with narrow high resistivity bodies. The long-time
constant corresponding to this high chargeability zone is an indication of the occurrence
of some graphitic particles especially at a greater depth (n=6). The resistivity pseudo
section along this line show two oppositely dipping high resistive bodies between the
base line and 500E. This zone maps the place where a gold anomaly was encountered by
panning. The chargeability of this zone shows a shallow relatively medium chargeability
values.

LINE 200N
One significant chargeability anomaly coinciding with an intermediate resistivity zone
centred on the base line between 25W and 40E was outlined. This zone perfectly overlaps
with the significant gold anomaly encountered by panning, (180 to 1800 ppb). West of
this zone is characterized by a combination of negative and positive high chargeability
and low resistivity. This could possibly be due to the river sediment and/or a result of a
streaming potential caused by the Duksi river crossing the whole grid.
LINE 400N
The high chargeability anomaly along this line was outlined between stations 40W and
50E. The corresponding apparent resistvity of this zone is also high. This high
chargeability and apparent resistivity zone matches with short time constant response
which suggests that the cause of the anomaly possibly due to disseminated sulphides
minerals distributed within the sheared and sericitized granitic unit. This anomalous body
clearly dip’s to the east. The main gold anomaly zone perfectly fit’s to this IP anomaly
zone.
LINE 600N
Two chargeability anomaly zones; one centred at the base line and dipping to the west
and the other more strong anomaly centred at 50E and dipping to the east are outlined.
The first chargeability anomaly correlates with a low resistivity zone dipping in the same
fashion while the second anomaly zone correlates with a medium resistivity zone also
dipping to the east. In both cases the corresponding time constant is short suggesting the
cause of the IP anomaly is due to metallic sulphides. In view of gold mineralization this
line is significant even at deeper positions.

LINE 800N
A typical pant-leg IP anomaly is depicted along this line between stations 50E and 125E.
The anomaly is very prominent even at deeper levels (n=6). The corresponding resistivity
is characterized by a medium apparent resistvity vales. The medium resistivity value of
this zone together with the short time constant strongly suggests the chargeability
anomaly is due to a disseminated sulphides hosted in the sheared and sericitized granite
unit which believed to be the gold hosting lithology in the Epar target.

LINE 1000N
Two chargeability anomaly zones in relative terms corresponding to a high resistivity
zones was outlined along this line. The first with a chargeability value of closer to a
background value (5 mV/V) is outlined between stations 85E and 110E clearly dipping
due west and the second with a strong chargeability value (>20 mV/V) was outlined east
of station 120E and is open to west. Both anomalies corresponds to a different time
constant values. The first one corresponds to a short length time constant while the
second corresponds to a longer time constant. Even though, the existing geological map
shows the same lithologic unit for both anomaly zones it needs further verification as the
IP/Resistivity survey result shows a variation in resistivity and chargeability as well.

LINE 1200N
Along this line one major chargeability anomaly was encountered between stations 100E
and 175E. This anomaly is gently dipping to wards east and is open at depth. The
apparent resistivity pseudo section along this line shows two oppositely dipping high
resistive bodies. Both zones are open at depth, furthermore, the east dipping high resistive
zone corresponds to the high chargeability anomaly zone. The time constant
corresponding to this anomaly zone significantly low indicating the absence of graphitic
particles in that zone.

LINE 1600N
One significant strong chargeability anomaly zone with a chargeability value of
exceeding 30mV/V against a background value of 5mV/V is outlined between stations
25W and 110W. This anomaly is nearly vertical in shape and is open to surface and at
depth as well. The corresponding resistivity of this zone exhibits two resistivity
characteristics, low to medium. The larger part of the IP anomaly zone corresponds to a
medium resistivity zone. The corresponding time constant ranges from 1 to 6 sec. and it
increases from west to east within that zone. The spectral analysis of this zone shows the
cause of the IP anomaly probably is a combination of both sulphides and graphite with
larger percentage of metallic sulphides.
In view of the geophysical results in the Epar target, the chargeability anomaly along this
line is stronger and significant. Hence, the source of this anomaly should be verified by
trench before going to drilling. According to the existing geological map, the line is
entirely over the phylite; however, the IP/Resistivity section result does not verify this.
Based on the IP/Resistivity results obtained on the southern profiles of the same grid
where the lithologies are verified by trench, this anomaly zone is related to the sheared
and sericitized garanitic nit.

LINE 1800N
A similar chargeability anomaly zone that seems a continuation from line 1600N is
outlined along this line. The only difference is that the anomaly along this line is less in
magnitude and starts at deeper position (n=2) and corresponds to a longer time constant.
The spectral IP/Resitivity analysis of this line suggests more graphitic close to station
50W and more metallic sulphide distribution around the base line where the sheared and
sericitized granite is indicated on the geological map.
LINE 2000N
The continuation of IP/Resistivity anomalies from profiles 1600N and 1800N was
depicted along this line. The mode of occurrence of the chargeability anomalies over
three lines 1600N,1800N and 2000N shows the ore bearing sheared and sericitized
granite slightly plunge towards north and may need further investigation to verify.

IP/Resistivity Plan Maps

Chargeability and resistivity plan maps at three different depth levels (n=1,4,6) are
prepared and presented to help visualize the nature of the outlined IP/Resistivity
anomalies at different depth levels.(figs._____,_____,____,____,____&____).
In all the plan maps two chargeability zones, high and low corresponding to two apparent
resistivity zones, high and low are outlined. The high chargeability zone which perfectly
matches with the high resistivity starts at line 0 and extends up to line 1000N and slightly
strikes north-east. The anomaly is crossed by a fault (Duksi River) and shifted to the west
occupying the area between lines 1600N mainly west of the base line. The IP/Resistivity
anomalies are open in the south and north and in the west north of line 1400N.
(fig._____).
The high chargeability and the corresponding high resistivity anomaly zones are
interpreted as the response of the ore hosting sheared and sericitized granite. In view the
objective of the geophysical survey; this zone is a prime target for gold mineralization in
Epar prospect area.
The second low chargeability and low resistivity are related to the geological mapped as
phylites. Moreover, the very low resistivity values are related to the structures caused by
the Duksi river that runs north-south and meanders across the grid. (see the geological
map of Epar target).

4.3 NORTH_TANGOY
Detailed geophysical data was acquired in the North_Tangoy target. The main objective
of the survey was a massive sulphides with possible gold association.
The geophysical techniques applied in the North_Tangoy target includes:
 Gamma-Ray spectrometry
 Total Field Magnetic
 Spectral IP/Resistivity using a dipole-dipole array with a dipole length of
20 meters and N varies from 1 to 6

A station interval of 10 meters with a line separation of 100 meters was set in a 0.5 X 2
Kilometre grid. (see table _____&_____, for the detail)
A total of 21 lines were surveyed by radiometric and magnetic methods and 5 lines were
surveyed by IP/Resistvity.
The results of the geophysical survey conducted at North_Tangoy target are presented
and discussed here under.

4.4.1. RADIOMETRIC SURVEY

The radiometric survey conducted in this target has proved to an excellent mapping tool.
Lithological differences are clearly delineated. Alteration zones related to mineralization
target also clearly defined.
Figure _____ shows the total count radiometric map of the North_Tangoy target. From
the the total count radiometric map three distinct radiometric zones are clearly outlined.
These zones are labelled as TC1, TC2 and TC3 (Fig._______).
The radiometric responses from all channels (Potassium, Uranium and Thorium) also
exhibits almost similar zones as the total count (Figs. _____,______,_____).
The different radiometric zones are discussed below:

Zone TC1
TC1 radiometric zone is characterized by radiometric responses. The total count
radiometric value of this zone rages from 275cps (counts per second) and exceeds 375
cps. Anomaly TC is depicted at two different locations.
The first broad TC1 anomaly starts from the southern end of the grid (Line 900S)
covering the whole grid south of profile 400S, and then extends to the north the area west
of the base line up to line 300N. The width of TC1 anomaly is almost equal to the length
of the profile (500m) and even more as the anomaly is open in both directions (East and
West) between lines 400S and 900S and thin out in the progressively towards north where
it attains its minimum width (200m) near line 300N. Furthermore, TC1 anomaly zone has
a strike length of over 1.1 km. along the eastern side of the grid.
The second locally high TC1 anomaly zone is outlined in the north-eastern part of the
grid. This anomaly is located between lines 900N east of station 100E, and is open to the
east.
Generally, cause of TC1 anomaly zone is attributed to the eastern meta-granite unit (see
geological map) and t the alteration zone mapped south of line 400S.

Zone TC2
TC2 anomaly zone is characterized by a medium total count radiometric response (225
cps to 275 cps). This narrow NE-SW trending zone is located between lines 500S and
100N with an average strike length of 1.5 km. The width of TC2 anomaly zone is more or
less uniform and is about 200 meters. This anomaly zone is open to the west between
lines 500S and 100S.
According to the existing geological map this zone is underlain by two lithologic units. In
its southern part (south of line 300N) this zone overlay the so called quartzite breccias
and north of line 300N this zone is underlain the quartz-mica schist lithologic unit.

Zone TC3
TC3 radiometric zone is characterized by low total count radiometric responses (<225
cps). TC3 radiometric zone is outlined at two different positions, on the north-western
part of the gird and in the central part of the grid between TC1 and TC2 anomaly zones.
In the western side TC3 covers the area north of line 100N and extends to the north end of
the surveyed grid (line 1100N), with a strike length of over 1.1 km. In the central part of
the grid TC3 anomaly zone is sandwiched between TC1 and TC2 anomaly zones. The
north-south extent of TC3 in this central part is over 1.6 km with similar strike direction
with the neighbouring zones.
In general, this pattern holds true for all the three radiometric channels (Potassium,
Uranium and Thorium) (Figs.______,_____ &_______).
Geologically TC3 radiometric zone is underlain by two different lithologies, in its
western side it overlays the quartzite breccia and in its central part is underlain by the
quartzite breccia and the quartz-mica schist unit. This is according to the existing
geological map which may need further detail work.
 4.4.2 MAGNETIC SURVEY
Fig.______ shows the total field magnetc map of the North_Tangoy target.
The magnetic survey result exhibits two magnetic characteristics; high and low,
designated as MH and ML in the magnetic map.

Zone MH
This zone is characterized by high magnetic responses. The total field value of this zone
ranges from 35990 nT to over 36030 nT. MH magnetic zone is outlined at two different
places in the surveyed grid.
The first broad MH covers the whole area south line 200N and east of station 200W. This
zone is open to the south and south-east. The patches low magnetic responses observed
along line 200S and 400S are probably related to a fault line running east-west along or
near these lines. The total field magnetic value increases from north to south in that zone.
The maximum value (>36000nT) being observed between lines 800S and 600S and
stations 100W and 250E.
According to the existing surface geological map, this zone is underlain by a quartz mica
schist unit.
The second MH magnetic zone is outlined on the northern part of the grid. It is located
between 850N and 1100N and between stations 250W and 200E. This zone is underlain
by two lithologic units. The eastern part of this zone, east of the base line, it is underlain
by the Mata granite and west of the base line it overlaps the quartz mica schist unit.
The probable source of MH anomaly zone could be attributed to iron sulphide minerals
concentrated in a shear and /or alteration zone. This is true as MH magnetic zone,
specially the southern part coincides with the high total count radiometric anomaly over
the quartz mica schist unit. The circular and/or semi-circular low magnetic anomalies
observed in this zone could be a result of shearing.
Zone ML
This zone is characterized by low total field magnetic responses. The total field value of
this zone is less than 35980nT. The major part of ML anomaly zone is located between
lines 200N and 800N and is open east-west in both directions. Within ML anomaly zone,
there exists a narrow SSW-NNE striking zone elongated starting from the southern end of
the grid (line 900S) , between stations 220W and 250W and ends against the northern MH
anomaly zone on line 800N between stations 0 and 100W. This narrow very low
magnetic zone has an average strike length of about 1.7 km.
Geologically, ML magnetic zone is underlain by the quartz breccias and the quartz mica
schist units.
The analytic signal map (fig._____) which is a filter product of the total field magnetic
grid has helped in out lining the possible lithologic contacts, faults and shear zones of the
surveyed grid. Furthermore, the high densely populated north-south trending features
observed on the analytic signal map has further strengthened the possible occurrences of
intensive shearing in the southern and south-eastern part of the grid.

4.4.3 IP/RESISTIVITY SURVEY

The spectral IP and resistivity (SIPR) data from the North_Tangoy target are prepared as
a pseudo section plots for each surveyed lines, staked sections for chargeability and
apparent resistvity and plan maps at different depth levels (N=1 and N=3) are prepared
and presented here.

IP and Resistivity Pseudo sections

Figure______ shows the chargeability stacked section map of the North_tangoy target.
The stacked chargeability sections exhibits similar shapeless anomalies along the five
surveyed lines. The chargeability anomaly starts at deeper levels (N≥3). This holds true
for all lines with minor variations due to the non-homogeneous overburden thickness and
depth of weathering.
In the chargeability sections it is possible to see that, the main chargeability anomaly zone
lay's between stations 25W and 125W with a maximum width of 150 meters. All
anomalies are open and wide at depth.
The corresponding apparent resistivity sections (Figure_______) shows two different
resistivity zones, high and low. Along lines 200N, 100N and 0 the area east of station
150E to the end of the surveyed lines is characterized by a high resistivity response which
is related to the eastern metagranite unit. Along lines 100S and 200S the high resistive
zone gets more wider and covers the area east of station 120E on line 100S and east
station 75E along line 200S. This indicates that the eastern metagranite progressively
shifts to the east as one goes from south to north.
The correlation between the chargeability and resistvity results is encouraging in view of
the objective the survey in this target, high chargeability perfectly overlaps the low
resistivity zone.
The spectral analysis of this area suggests the IP anomaly is caused by an interconnected
and/or massive sulphides concentrated in the sheared and altered zone within the quartz
mica schist unit or quartzite breccia or both.
IP/Resistivity plan maps
The chargeability and apparent resistivity plan maps at two different depth levels (N=1
and N=3) are prepared and presented here. The plan maps has helped to visualize the
lateral extent of the anomaly at these two contrasting depth levels in the type area. The
result of these maps is discussed below.
N=1
At this sallow depth level, the chargeability plan map has outlined two relatively high
chargeability zones labelled as IP1 and IP2 (Figure_______).

Zone IP1
This zone is outlined starting from line 200S in the south between stations 20E and 130E
and extends up to line 200N. This zone follows a SSE-NNW trend and thins out to the
north. The width of this anomaly zone varies throughout the grid, from about 30 meters in
the north to greater than 100 meters in the south.
The corresponding apparent resistivity plan (Figure____), shows low resistivity zone
corresponding to the high chargeability.
Zone IP2
This zone is located between station line o and line 200N and stations 130E and 210E
along line 200N and has a narrow width along line o. The width of this anomaly
decreases from north to south, from about 80 meters to less than 10 meters at its southern
end. This zone correlates with a low to medium resistivity zone (50 to 350 ohm-m). From
the shape of both anomaly zones, it seems that IP1 and IP2 are separated a fault running
SE-NW.
N=3
The chargeability plan map at this more deeper depth level has outlined two chargeability
zones corresponding to a low to medium resistivity zone (Figures____ & ____).

Zone IP1
This zone starts at line 200S between stations 75E and 150E and extends up to the
baseline (line 0) with a north-south strike direction having a uniform width (about 70
meters), then shifts to west and extends up to line 200N along the baseline with a
maximum width of 50 meters.
Zone IP2
Zone IP2 at this depth level have only 100 meters strike length, from line 100N to line
200N, and a width of 80 meters, from stations 20E to 200E. This zone is a depth
continuation of zone IP1 depicted at the shallow depth level (N=1). This zone shares the
same resistivity zone with zone IP1 (low to medium).

4.4 AWARE TARGET

The Aware detail area, target 14, is one of the prime targets in the Metekel licence area.
The regional to detail geological and geochemical work conducted by the Metekel
Exploration Project of Midroc Gold Mine Plc. has encountered a significant gold anomaly
hosted in the silicified zone within the quartz-sericite schist. Based on this encouraging
result integrated geophysical investigation was recommended by the Metekel Exploration
Project.
Primarily a type area of 1kmX1km was selected to conduct spectral IP/Resistivity,
Magnetic and Gamma ray spectrometry survey and to cover the whole Aware grid by
Magnetic and Radiometric methods in the year 2006 field season. (see plan for the year
2006, in Metekel Exploration Project). However, only a limited lines were surveyed, the
reason is that the farmers did not harvest their grains and the lines were not ready for
geophysical survey. The details of the geophysical work done is given in table: 2.
Even though enough geophysical work was not conducted in this target; the limited
geophysical data collected from this target in this field season can help future planning
and aid the ongoing drilling activity. Hence, the total field magnetic data along 9 survey
lines (from 1300N to 2100N) and the spectral induced polarization & resistivity pseudo
sections of 5 survey lines which crosses the zone of interest in and outside the type area
has been processed and presented here. The radiometric data is not included here for the
number of lines surveyed by this method are very few.

4.4.1 MAGNETIC SURVEY

A total field magnetic survey has conducted along 9-survey lines (from 1300N to 2100N)
at Aware target. After the necessary data reduction has applied to the raw field data (see
data processing and presentation; under magnetic surveys) the total field magnetic map
(fig._________) and the analytic signal map; which is a filter product of the total field
(fig._________) are presented and discussed hereunder.
Generally the measured total field values taken from the limited lines vary from 35675 nT
to 35875 nT. The overall features of the total field distribution exhibits three magnetic
characteristics related to lithology and structures.
The most significant positive high magnetic feature is outlined on the eastern part of the
surveyed grid mainly east of station 200E to the eastern end of the grid between stations
200W and 300E south of line 1500N. Similar short wavelength locally positive high
magnetic anomaly is outlined along line 1700N between stations 100W and 100E. Unlike
the general trend of the lithologies; these short wavelength anomalies are elongated along
the survey lines, this probably caused by to structures. Another similar positive high
magnetic zone is outlined between stations 400W and 200W cantered around line 1700N.
The total field magnetic data did not differentiate the graphite schist and the eastern
quartz-sericite schists, both are characterized by high magnetic response.
The western high total field magnetic response mapped between stations 400W and 200W
between lines 1600N and 1800N centred around line 1700N correlates with the
metavolcanics.
A low magnetic anomaly is outlined between the baseline and station 200W up to line
2000N and then shifting to the east, lays between stations 100W and 200E.
This low anomaly zone is striking north-south. The anomaly shift is attributed to some
type of structure probably a fault. In between these two anomalies an intermediate
magnetic zone is observed.

In general the total field magnetic map shows low magnetic responses (<35750 nT) over
the silicified zone, this could be associated with the destruction of magnetite by
mineralizing fluids within the zone of alteration. The eastern quartz sericite schist and the
graphite schist are characterized by high magnetic responses (>35775 nT) and the central
quartz sericite schist magnetically falls between these two extremes (35750-35775 nT).
Furthermore, the metavolcanic unit is characterized by high magnetic value. The analytic
signal map (Figure_____) has beter resolved the lithologic contacts and structural pattern
of the surveyed grid.

4.4.2 SPECTRAL INDUCED POLARIZATION & RESISTIVITY

PSEUDO SECTIONS

LINE 1800N
Two chargeability anomaly zones labelled as A & B were outlined between stations 25W
and 50E and 160E and 240E. Both anomalies show more or less similar dip directions;
due west. Characteristically the anomalies are of different sources. The first anomaly,(A)
which is located near the base line is characterized by intermediate chargeability value
compared to the second IP zone (B). Furthermore, anomaly A correlates with a high
resistivity zone R1 and short time constant zones (T1) (Fig.___). The spectral analysis of
this zone strongly suggests the IP anomaly is caused by metallic sulphides and the
corresponding high resistivity could be a result of silicifiation.
Geologically, zone A perfectly over laps with the silicified zone hosted in the quartz
sericite schist which is believed to host the gold mineralization. The second high
chargeability anomaly (B) with strong chargeability value is outlined on the eastern part
of the surveyed line. This IP anomaly is outlined on varying resistivity values; low to
medium. The corresponding time constant shows a medium to longer tau indicating the
cause of anomaly B is attributed to a graphitic minerals. This is further evidenced by the
surface geological map, which had showed the underlying rock of this as a graphite
schist.
The correlation of the IP/Resistivity section results with the existing geological map, this
section has crossed at least two lithologies. On the eastern side, a graphite schist unit.
This unit is characterized by a high chargeability, long time constant and low apparent
resistivity response and sub-vertically dip due west. On its western side, west of station
150E; this line crosses the quartze-sericite schist unit. This unit is characterized by low
chargeability, short time constant and relatively high apparent resistvity values.
Furthermore, this quartz-sericite schist hosts a silicified zone (see geological map of
Aware target) which exhibits a different chargeability characteristics which is higher in
that lithology. This is interpreted as due to the occurrence of sulphide minerals in the
silicified zone. The silicified zone together with the hosting quartz-sericite schist dips
sub-vertically due west.
During the preparation of this report; one borehole has already drilled at station 25W at
an inclination of 55° due east. The result is not received yet, however, the geological log
could be available in the geological report.

LINE 1900N
The spectral IP and Resistivity pseudo section plots along this line shows two major high
chargeability zones labelled as A and B (Fig._____). The first anomaly (A) is located
between stations 10W and 30E. The second anomaly (B) is outlined between stations
140E and 340E. Anomaly A is outlined over a silicified zone hosted within the quartz-
sericite schist and is clearly dipping to the west. Furthermore, this anomaly is zone is
interrupted at deeper position, (between n=3 & n=4), then the anomaly continues with
similar dip direction. The depth to the bottom of this anomalous body is beyond the
detection limit of the array used. The interruption of this anomaly zone at deeper position
is attributed to deep rooted structures, most likely a fault, this is further evidenced by the
truncation of the apparent resistivity contours corresponding to this zone. Geologically
anomaly A is outlined over the silicified zone which hosts the gold mineralization. The
time constant corresponding to this zone falls within a short time constant zone (≤1sec).
This short time constant response coinciding with a high chargeability and high resistivity
zones strongly suggests the cause of the IP anomaly is attributed to disseminated metallic
sulphides in the silicified zone of the qaurtz-sericitized schist unit.
The second major chargeability anomaly B is outlined between stations 140E and 210E.
This anomaly is narrow at near surface and gets wider at deeper positions and the
anomaly is nearly vertical in shape. At deeper positions (n≥3) anomaly B shows nearly a
shape of pant-leg anomaly type, with its west and east dipping legs showing different
chargeability characteristics. The first, west dipping part of anomaly B is uniform and
exhibits similar characteristics to anomaly A at a very great depth (n≥4). The east dipping
leg of anomaly B is intercalated by negative IP responses which could be the effect of a
membrane polarization. Another chargeability anomaly zone is outlined between stations
280E and 340E, labelled as C. This anomaly is clearly dipping to the east and gets
stronger at depth and is open.
The corresponding apparent resistivity pseudo section plot along this line has outlined
two high resistivity zones labelled as R1 and R2. The first high resistivity zone (R1) is
located between station 140W and 120E. R1 anomaly is vertical in shape, wider at near
surface and gets narrower as it goes deeper and deeper. At the maximum depth of the
array applied (n═6) position R1 anomaly only attains half of its near surface width.
Furthermore, R1 anomaly attains a strong resistivity value (>1000 ohm-m) at its centre
located near the base line. This strong resistivity zone perfectly matches with the silicified
zone.
The second high apparent resistivity zone R2 maps the area east of station 300E. R2
anomaly is nearly vertical in shape at shallow depth levels (n<2) and dip’s to the east at
more deeper levels; exceeding n>2. R2 anomaly gets stronger and wider at great depths
with open anomaly at depth. Other than these two significant anomalies (R1 & R2); one
shallow (n<2) high resistive body was encountered between stations 160E and 220E. This
resistive body has a maximum depth down to n=2 only.
Looking at the time constant section along this line, one can observe two time constant
anomaly zones labelled T1 and T2. T1 perfectly matches R1 resistivity A chargeability
zones which are outlined the silicified zone of quartz-sericite schist. The second very
wide and long-time constant T2 zone is outlined over the eastern graphitic schist.

LINE 2000N
The spectral IP/Resisivity survey along this line has only crossed the silicified zone;
because simply the line was not fully surveyed.
The spectral IP/Resistvity pseudo section was successfully outlined the gold bearing
silicified zone. The anomaly is located between the base line and 60E. Analogous to the
previous lines; this anomalous body is dipping to the west (Fig._______). Based on the
IP/Resistivity section result a drill site was selected and set at station 40W with an
inclination of 55° due east to cross the anomalous body. During the preparation of this
draft report the drilling was already completed and the result is not yet ready to include
here.
LINE 2200N
Similar to line 2000N, the IP/Resistivity survey was conducted only across the silicified
zone to aid the drilling activity presently underway.
The IP/Resistivity pseudo section along this line is presented on fig._______.
The IP anomaly is outlined between stations 20W and 50E. As usual this anomaly is
dipping due west and is open at depth. Off all A type anomalies on then on the surveyed
lines in Aware target the time constant along this line is stronger (1sec to 4sec). This is
interpreted as the cause of the IP anomaly is caused by an interconnected sulphide
minerals compared to the southern profiles or there could exist some graphitic particles
within this zone.

LINE 2600N
This survey line was long enough to cross the lithologic units mapped by surface
geological survey.
The spectral chargeability pseudo sections along this line has depicted two medium to
high chargeability zones labelled as A and B starting from near surface. The first zone A
is located between stations 20W and 50E. The chargeability of this zone ranges from
15mV/V on it's up dip side (near surface) to 37 mV/V at greater depth levels (n>3). This
anomaly zone is dipping due west.
The second strong IP anomaly zone (zone B) is outlined between stations 180E and 300E
and dip's due east. The chargeability value of anomaly B ranges from around 24 mV/V
near surface and exceeds 45 mV/V at greater depth levels (n>3). In between these two
anomalies another high IP anomaly is depicted starting at a depth of n=3 and is nearly
vertical and is centred at station 120E. This anomaly is nearly vertical in shape and is
open at depth.
The apparent resistivity section along this line generally shows two resistivity zones; high
(labelled as R1) and medium to low zone (labelled as R2).
R1 resistivity zone occupies the area west of station 120E with a maximum value
exceeding 1500 ohm-m and is open to the west and at depth as well. The contour pattern
of this zone shows the occurrence of some structural complications. The shape of
anomaly R1 is almost vertical near surface (n<3); particularly between stations 40E and
110E; and at deeper positions (n>3) R1 anomaly is nearly circular in shape showing
slightly a west dipping tendency.
The second resistivity zone R2 is characterized by a low to medium resistivity values (<
245 ohm-m) and cover a larger portion of the surveyed line (east of station 120E).
Furthermore, a new east dipping high resistive zone marks the eastern boundary of R2
zone.
The time constant pseudo section shows two time constant categories; a zone of short
time constant (tau<2 sec.) labelled as T1 and a long time constant (tau>2) labelled as T2.
The overall correlation of the spectral IP and resistivity results has classified the sours of
the IP anomalies are of two types:
The western IP anomaly zone A correlates with R1 Resistivity and T1 time constant is
attributed to a disseminated sulphides within the silicified zone.
The second IP zone B correlates with R2 resistivity and T2 time constant is attributed to
the graphite schist. However, considerations should be taken on the transition zones on
both sides of IP zone B anomalies which correlates to an intermediate resistivity zone
(100 ohm-m to 250 ohm-m) and a medium time constant values (2 sec to 8 sec.) as this
transition zone could host both sulphides and graphite which is a case in the Legadembi
ore zone.
In correlating the IP/Resistivity results with the existing geological map; anomalies A, R1
and T1 perfectly matches with the silicified zone of the quartz-sericite schist, the target
zone in Aware grid.
The eastern anomaly zone overlaps with the graphite schist and partly to the eastern
quartz-sericite schist. The eastern anomaly zone overlaps with the graphite schist and the
eastern quartz-mica schist and its economic significance with respect to gold
mineralization should be verified.
5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Egambo Target

Off all targets in the Metekel Exploration Project, Egambo target has explored in detail
geochemical, geophysical and drilling. The IP/Resistivity survey conducted in this target
has once again confirmed the geophysical anomalies depicted by the Geological Survey
of Ethiopia (GSE), during the year 2000, Girma Woldetensae, Geophysical signatures of
Egambo and Baruda, 2000. All the diamond drilling activities under taken in this target
including the two boreholes of GSE has crossed low grade gold mineralization at varying
depth levels. Most of the drilled boreholes are concentrated in the northern part of the
grid.
Furthermore, the IP/resistivity pseudo section results have proved the northern quartzite is
a root less. In search of better grade mineralization one IP/Resistivity section has crossed
along line 500S. This has resulted by depicting a deep seated IP anomaly near the contact
between the marble and ________. One borehole has drilled to cross this anomaly. The
drilling result is not ready to include in this report.

RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the result of borehole 15 (drilled on line 500S) further IP/Resistivity surveys
could be conducted in the southern part of the grid where deep secured IP anomalies were
encountered by the Geological Survey of Ethiopia.

5.2 Epar Target

The IP/Resisitivty, survey conducted in Epar Target had clearly delineated the target
lithology (meta granite). Furtherer more, the apparent resistivity result has played an
outstanding role in outlying, both the target lithology and the structural pattern of the
area. The IP/Resisitivity survey has outlined two anomaly zones labeled as zone 1, zone
2, (fig. ___________).

Zone 1
Zone 1 is characterized by high chargeability and high resistivity responses. Zone 1 has a
strike length of about 1.1 km (from line 0 to line 1100N) trending SSW-NNE. The
anomaly is wide in the south about 300m and get narrower and narrow to the north and
progressively, shifting to the east. At its northern end this anomaly zone has only about
100m width between lines 1000N and 1100N.
This zone is correlated to the sheared and sericifized granite lithologic unit which is the
target lighology in view of gold mineralization. Prior to the geophysical survey, the
Metekel Exploration Project of the MIDROC Gold Mine PLC has conducted several
exploration works including four exploratory drill holes, all are located in zone 1. The
result has indicated the presence of low grade gold mineralization associated to the
metagranite (Geophysical work program 4th Quarter 2006).
Zone 2
This zone exhibits similar IP/Resisitivity characteristics as zone 1. The main difference is
that zone 1 is located on the eastern side of Dukisi River while zone 2 located on the
western side of the river. Duksi River is the major structure in the grid. Zone 2 anomaly
has an average width of 100m and a strike length of 500m with a possible north
continuation as the anomaly is open. Furthermore, the knowledge about this zone is very
limited compared to the first zone.

RECOMMENDATIONS
The geophysical data of this target is limited to IP/Resisitivity only. Hence, Radiometric
Survey with 100 meters line separation and 10 meters station separation is recommended
for three reasons:-

1. As the target lithology is a sheared and sericitzed granite, this method is one of the
most outstanding tool to map such lithologies.
2. The IP/Resisitivity survey result shows that, the zone is open to the north it will
help to outline how far it extends to the north.
3. The method is fast and effective to map. The next grid should start from 400S,
using the previous grid as a references and continue beyond line 2000N until the
anomaly comes to close.

In view of gold mineralization zone 2 is less known, hence, trenching is recommend

along two lines where high chargeability and high resistivity anomalies overlaps. The
detail is given in the table below.
Table:- 1
Location of the Recommended Trench Sites in Epar Target
Trench Location Trench Length
S/N Trench # Line # From To (m) Remarks
1. Trench 1 1600N 30W 10w 80
2. Trench 2 1800N 10E 60W 50

5.3 North-Tangoy Target

The geophysical compilation (mainly compiled from Radiometric and total field
magnetic) is presented on fig. _____.
Here, in North-Tangoy target the radiometric survey has proved to be an outstanding
mapping tool. Lithological differences are clearly delineated. Alteration zones and shear
zones are better defined. From the compiled map three geophysical zones could be
identified. These zones are labled as zone 1, zone 2 and zone 3 (see fig. _____).

Zone 1
This zone is characterized by high total count radiometric responses and both low and
high magnetic zone. South of line 200N, zone 1 geophysical anomaly is characterized by
high radiometric and high magnetic responses. This is interpreted as a shear zone and
zone of alteration. The northern part of zone 1 (north of line 200N); this zone is
characterized by high radiometric with low magnetic response. This corresponds to the
metagranite unit. This zone covers a wide area in the south where it is open and
progressively thins to the north until it comes to close on line 1000N/200E.
In view of the objective of the survey in this target, the area where high radiometric
coincides with high magnetics seems very important both responses are results of
shearing and alteration.
Zone 2
This zone is characterized by medium radiometric responses corresponding to low
magnetic zone. Zone 2 geophysical zone with an anomaly width varying from 100m to
200m has a strike length of about 1.5 km (from line 400S to line 1100N) with a SSW-
NNE strike direction. This is interpreted as a zone of alteration in the quartzite breccia
and the quartz mica schist units.
Zones 3
This zone bounds zone 2 in both directions (east and west) and is characterized by low
radiometric overlapping with low magnetic responses. Analogous to zone 2 this zone is
under lain by the quartzite breccia and quartz-mica schist units. The difference could be
attributed to the occurrence/absence of alteration.
Furthermore, correlation of the IP/Resisitivity survey results the high chargeability and
low resisitivity is outlined on contacts between zone 1 and zone 3 corresponding to the
alteration zone in the quartz mica schist unit.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the forgoing discussions detail geological work is recommended to verify the
geophysical anomalies outlined particularly zone 2 anomaly.
Furthermore, two exploratory drilling in type area where high chargeability and low
resisitivity anomalies are encountered. The detail of the recommended drill hole site is
given below.
Table:- 4 Recommended Test Drill Hole Sites (Epar)
Drill Hole No. Inclination (°) Azimath (°) Estimated Depth (m)
Location
1 200S/100E 55° 120
2 0/50E 55° 120
Note: The drilling site could be modified upon correlation with the geochemical
anomalies.
5.4 AWARE TARGET

It is very difficult to draw a geophysical conclusion using this limited data. Even though
the IP/Resisitivity survey conducted in this target is limited to very few lines (five lines)
the results ahs successfully outlined the lateral and depth extent as well as the dip of the
silicified zone, which is the target zone. Furthermore, the IP/Resistivity pseudo section
results has played a significant role in optimizing the drill sites. Based on the results
obtained a few drill sites are modified to cross the geophysical anomalies. The Drilling
activity in the Aware target is currently underway.
RECOMMENDATIONS
The regional to detail geological and geochemical survey results are very encouraging.
The limited geophysical survey (mainly IP/Resistivity) conducted in this target further
strengthened the significance of the target. As there is no enough geophysical data it is
logical to conduct a detail integrated geophysical survey. Hence, the whole area should
be covered by radiometric methods with 100 meters line separation and 10 meters station
separation. The IP/Resisitivity (spectral) Pseudo section should be conducted first in the
selected type area (where the ore zone is clearly outlined by trenching and drilling).
Based on the result from the type area the IP/Resistivity survey will continue to close the
possible open anomalies in any direction.