Great Land College

Department of Developmental Management

Group Assignment on:

Quantitative , Qualitative and mixed design article review

Name of Group Members: IDNo:

1.Abdusmed Gerissa Boru GLC/2013/14

2.Daniel Tilahun Zewde GLC/1871/14

3.Girma Garedew kushi GLC/2015/14

4.Gutema Geneti Werka GLC/1869/14

5.Bediru Muzeyen Daba GLC/2005/14

Submitted to:Dassalegn Mosissa (Assist.Pro ph.D

candidate).

Bedele, Ethiopia
June, 2022
Topic of the Article Reviewed: Alternative Reward Strategies and
Employee Reactions
DOI: 10.1177/0886368703261273
Compensation & Benefits Review 2004 36: 41
Larry W. Howard and Thomas W. Dougherty
Introduction
The main objective the article review is to emphasize the alternative reward strategy and
employee reaction usefulness in the organization.
Reward systems can provide an organization a competitive advantage. Indeed, it has been argued
that pay systems are, in fact, only as good as the impact they have on firm performance. Pay
systems are strategically designed when rewards are linked to activities, attributes and work
outcomes that support the organization’s strategic direction and that foster the achievement of
strategic goals. Strategic compensation theory proposes that such linkages can lead to increased
employee knowledge or skill development, flexibility, commitment, retention and productivity.
Purpose
The overall purpose of this study is to emphasize the Alternative Reward Strategies and
Employee Reactions usefulness for the organization effectiveness as well as to Pay systems are
strategically designed when rewards are linked to activities, attributes and work out comes that
support the organization’s strategic direction and that foster the achievement of strategic Goals.
Statement of the problem. This article describesThe fact of strategic compensation
theory is untested theory-in-use. In addition strategic planners often identify
multiple, sometimes incongruous or even competing goals. Pay systems
must be complex because, although they provide some opportunities for
leveraging motivation toward strategic actions, they must also meet goals
that are not directly related to competitive strategies . Perceived unfairness
arouses dysfunctional emotions, including anger, depression and anxiety
that can contribute to downstream undesirable responses, including theft,
absenteeism and alcohol use. Furthermore, pay fairness bears implications
for managing conflict and litigation. This article review try to identify some
possible reward strategy that effect organizational goals or out comes.
Discussion and recommendation part
It also summarizes some of the principal arguments of strategic compensation theory that argues
market reward strategy will help to reduce the turn over because paying at or above the market
rate can switch the employees cost and introduces several counterpart arguments regarding pay
strategies and potentially confounding effects on employee satisfaction and perceptions of
fairness
The discussion part of the journal was not supported by available literature review, this make the
discussion detached from the reference
The researcher identified the recommendation point for the effectiveness of the organizational
goals, commitment, and intention to remain current employer.
Study Sample and Method of data analysis
Managers and employees rated the extent to which rewards in their organizations depended
upon the five alternative reward criteria. Employees also indicated their levels of pay
satisfaction, pay fairness, work effort, organizational commitment and intentions to remain with
the organization.
And also the researcher was used regression method of data analysis that best fit with his data
Strength
 The measures they have used to capture perceived reward strategies were new.
 Their analyses met generally accepted criteria for statistical significance.
 I believe they have identified some of the key issues to consider regarding strategic pay.
 As much as possible the researcher identified different advices which are beneficiary for
organizational goal effectiveness and efficiency.
Limitations
 The sample was small, and all came from one Midwestern state in the United States
 The other limitations to what they may conclude, the evidence points to some tentative
guidelines for implementing strategic pay
 only used questionnaire for data collecting purpose and the findings were not clear
Group opinion
Pay systems are strategically designed when rewards are linked to activities, attributes and work
outcomes that support the organization’s strategic direction and that foster the achievement of
strategic goals.
 Although, the article is well written, clear and has relevant information, not supported by some
research criterion. Such as literature review, statement of the problem, significance of the study,
and also used only questionnaire method for data collection purpose.

Topic of the Article Reviewed: TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES IN AN

ORGANISATION: AN INTERVENTION TO ENHANCE ORGANISATIONAL
EFFECTIVENESS
1Henry Ongori, 2Jennifer Chishamiso Nzonzo University of Botswana, Faculty of Business,
Department of Management, Corner Mobutu / Notwane Road, Gaborone, P/Bag UB00701,
Botswana
Journal Published on: International Journal of Engineering and Management Science.
I.J.E.M.S, VOL.2 (4) 2011: 187-198 (ISSN 2229 -600X)
Reviewed Article
Summary of the article focusing on the following major issues
Purpose of the article/Problem statement: - the researcher identified the research gap on the
topic so the research was based on the gap of the topic so it is the researcher based on the new
knowledge or finding because it is the current problem that was not cited by other researcher
From the beginning the articles misses the general objective/purpose of the study. But it describe
seems like purpose in the second paragraph of the introduction parts, such as, the purpose of this
study was to find out how training and development practices are used as one of the strategies of
enhancing organizational effectiveness.
 About the research methodology:- Data selection methodology was based on random
sampling. The researcher clearly identifies the finding of the research. the limitation of the
research was confined on one town that is not consider other environment.so this can become
the problem to adapt another environments( problem of generalization) as different town or
organizational environment as diverse situations
 The article states about the techniques of sampling and data collection such as, the research
design adopted for this study was a cross sectional survey. And random sampling was applied
because of greater speed in data collection and availability of population elements.
 About the literature review: - the article uses a theoretical or Conceptual frame work of
literature review and clearly identified the objective , the question of the research were
 concurrently much together so that the objective clear to collect data ,analysis the data and to
conclude and recommend after the finding.
 conclusions, and recommendation
The conclusion was brief, short and precise to understand and it was brought from summerised
data analysis
The researcher puts some points on the conclusion parts such as; Training and development of
employees do exist in organizations. In addition, an organization uses various methods, for
instance job rotation is used to train employees in this era of globalization.
The recommendation was based up on what found in the research.

The group opinion:

Strength of the articles
 The discussion of the research was identified in the form of graphic,
tabular expression which is simple to understand ,evaluate and
repeat the research
 The article briefly describes in the analysis or result part by
comparing with the different theories and conceptual frame works
on the basis of literature reviews.
 The article result shows that the training of employees has a positive effect to the
individuals and the organization at large.
 The article uses the detail literature review of both empirical and theoretical review
and also tries to indicate research gaps, this all about the strength of the articles.
Weakness of the articles
 The researcher was cross sectional survey even if the method was significant to speed
up the data collection process it has the limitation it lacks reliability and validity of
the data.
 Random sampling also use full to speed up the data collection but it is difficult to
contain different member of population (diversification problem).
 Even if closed ended questionnaires were useful to collect and analysis data simply
but it has it limits the idea of sample unit. This make the researcher compromises
ideas.
  The sample size selected was very few.

Topic of the Article Reviewed: Research Study on Impact of Effective

Management on Growth of Small
Firms: A Study of South Punjab (Pakistan)
Qurratulain Nasir*

Lecturer of Business Administration, Baha Uddin Zakary University, Multan,

Pakistan

Purpose of Study

Small firms know little about financial management and decision making and
also lack of planning and development. So the article trying to high lights the
role of management toward the financial performance of small firms. The
research differs from the previous researches in the sense that previous
researches were done on the strong economies.

Objective of the study: the article clearly describes the general objective
of the study (the role of management toward the financial performance of
small firms of the study or the research)
The general objective of the study was clearly identified but the specific
objective and the question were not clearly stated in the journal.
Statement of the problem: The study was conducted in backward areas of
Punjab. The small firms of south Punjab were growing day by day and have a
meaningful impact on growth of the economy, but the basic culture of these
firms is not so well developed. The owners or employees of the firms were
not well educated, so the researcher face a lot of problems in collecting data
from them. Mostly they were not fully aware of the formal terminologies of
management, the researcher tried his level best to clear the terms and to
get the pure data.
The literature review support the statement of the problem as the research
idea was new and not repeated

About the research Methodology:

The study were use both qualitative and quantitative measures. Due to
presence of quantitative data, Financial and statistical tools will also be used.
Data were collected both by qualitative and quantitative means. It includes
both primary and secondary data. Primary data is conducted through
observation, surveys, interviews, Questionnaires etc. Secondary data were
internet and previous researches
The researcher was uses different data collection methods which is best for
validity and reliability of the data collected and uses SPSS which is use full
for its validity that minimises the error of data analysis.

Conclusions, and recommendation

The researcher precisely state his conclusion but it is not combined with the literature review .
He states the significance of the data collection with 5% which is common for social science
studies . The reasonable state the recommendation which is best.
Strength
 The researcher uses different methods of data collection that is primary and secondary
source of data
 The discussion of the research was identified in the form of tabular expression which is
simple to understand ,evaluate and repeat the research
 The statement of the problem were very short and precise which is simple to understand.
 The research problem or idea was new and not repeated
 The research uses current different literature review which support the research problem

Weakness
 The specific objective of the study was not clearly identified
  The researcher was not identified the limitation of the study
 The researcher does not use the topic into the sub-topic

Similarity between both researchers identified the gap of previous literatures this made them the
same (similar)

Both researcher state the general objective of the research

Both researchers uses small sample size which is selected from small sample units

Bothe the researchers write the statement of the problem shortly

The difference between the researches

The qualitative research journal clearly state the statement of the problem, abstract, objective,
question of the research and conceptual frame work and other bodies the report.

The discussion of the report was clearly identified in tabular and graphic form but this is stated in
other researchers report.

The 1st researcher uses quantitative data collection method which is questionaries’ ’interview and
(closed ended)

The second researcher uses qualitative data collection method which is open ended
questionnaires’’.

The 3rd journal uses both qualitative and qualitative from data collection

The mixed researcher uses SPSS data analysis form while the quantitative one uses descriptive
way of data analysis.
The 1st journal (qualitative one) cannot discuss the research finding using theory in literature
review.

In general both the researches have some similarities and differences but both of them were the
researches based on new problem or identified research gaps.