BTECH-IT-B1 IU2241220146

DATA SCIENCE(CE0630) Ridham Lakhani

PRACTICAL – 10
Aim: Study of Data Visualization using PowerBI

A visualization is an image created from data. Visualizations are also called "visuals." Some examples of
visuals are: pie chart, line chart, map, and KPI. This article lists visualizations available in Power BI. We
add new visualizations. Stay tuned!

Visualizations in Power BI

Area charts: Basic (Layered) and Stacked

The basic area chart is based on the line chart with the area between the axis and line filled in. Area
charts emphasize the magnitude of change over time, and can be used to draw attention to the total value
across a trend. For example, data that represents profit over time can be plotted in an area chart to
emphasize the total profit. On the other hand, stacked area charts display the cumulative total of multiple
data series stacked on top of each other, showing how each series contributes to the total.

Bar and column charts:

Bar charts are the standard for looking at a specific value across different categories.

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DATA SCIENCE(CE0630) Ridham Lakhani

Cards:

Multi row:

Multi row cards display one or more data points, one per row.

Single number:

Single number cards display a single fact, a single data point. Sometimes a single number is the most
important thing you want to track in your Power BI dashboard or report, such as total sales, market share
year over year, or total opportunities.

Combo charts:

A combo chart combines a column chart and a line chart. Combining the two charts into one lets you
make a quicker comparison of the data. Combo charts can have one or two Y axes, so be sure to look
closely.

Combo charts are a great choice:

 When you have a line chart and a column chart with the same X axis.
 To compare multiple measures with different value ranges.
 To illustrate the correlation between two measures in one visual.
 To check whether one measure meets the target, which is defined by another measure.
 To conserve canvas space.

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BTECH-IT-B1 IU2241220146
DATA SCIENCE(CE0630) Ridham Lakhani

Decomposition tree:

The decomposition tree visual lets you visualize data across multiple dimensions. It automatically
aggregates data and enables drilling down into your dimensions in any order. It is also an artificial
intelligence (AI) visualization, so you can ask it to find the next dimension to drill down into based on
certain criteria. This capability makes it a valuable tool for ad hoc exploration and conducting root cause
analysis.

Doughnut charts:

Doughnut charts are similar to pie charts. They show the relationship of parts to a whole. The only
difference is that the center is blank and allows space for a label or icon.

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BTECH-IT-B1 IU2241220146
DATA SCIENCE(CE0630) Ridham Lakhani

Funnel charts:

Funnels help visualize a process that has stages, and items flow sequentially from one stage to the next.
One example is a sales process that starts with leads and ends with purchase fulfillment.

For example, a sales funnel that tracks customers through stages: Lead > Qualified Lead > Prospect >
Contract > Close. At a glance, the shape of the funnel conveys the health of the process you're tracking.
Each funnel stage represents a percentage of the total. So, in most cases, a funnel chart is shaped like a
funnel -- with the first stage being the largest, and each subsequent stage smaller than its predecessor. A
pear-shaped funnel is also useful -- it can identify a problem in the process. But typically, the first stage,
the "intake" stage, is the largest.

Gauge charts:

A radial gauge chart has a circular arc and displays a single value that measures progress toward a goal.
The goal, or target value, is represented by the line (needle). Progress toward that goal is represented by
the shading. And the value that represents that progress is shown in bold inside the arc. All possible
values are spread evenly along the arc, from the minimum (left-most value) to the maximum (right-most
value).

In the example, we are a car retailer, tracking our Sales team's average sales per month. Our goal is
200,000 and represented by the location of the needle. The minimum possible average sales is 100,000
and we set the maximum as 250,000. The blue shading shows that we're currently averaging
approximately $180,000 this month. Luckily, we still have another week to reach our goal.

Radial gauges are a great choice to:

 Show progress toward a goal.

 Represent a percentile measure, like a KPI.
 Show the health of a single measure.
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DATA SCIENCE(CE0630) Ridham Lakhani

Line charts:

Line charts emphasize the overall shape of an entire series of values, usually over time.

Key influencers chart:

A key influencer chart displays the major contributors to a selected result or value.

Key influencers are a great choice to help you understand the factors that influence a key metric. For
example, what influences customers to place a second order or why were sales so high last June.

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BTECH-IT-B1 IU2241220146
DATA SCIENCE(CE0630) Ridham Lakhani

KPIs:

A Key Performance Indicator (KPI) is a visual cue that communicates the amount of progress made
toward a measurable goal.

KPIs are a great choice:

 To measure progress (what am I ahead or behind on?).

 To measure distance to a metric (how far ahead or behind am I?).

ArcGIS map:

The combination of ArcGIS maps and Power BI takes mapping beyond the presentation of points on a
map to a whole new level. The available options for base maps, location types, themes, symbol styles,
and reference layers creates gorgeous informative map visuals. The combination of authoritative data
layers (such as census data) on a map with spatial analysis conveys a deeper understanding of the data in
your visual.

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DATA SCIENCE(CE0630) Ridham Lakhani

Azure map:

Used to associate both categorical and quantitative information with spatial locations.

Filled map (Choropleth):

A filled map uses shading or tinting or patterns to display how a value differs in proportion across a
geography or region. Quickly display these relative differences with shading that ranges from light (less-
frequent/lower) to dark (more-frequent/more).

The more intense the color, the larger the value.

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BTECH-IT-B1 IU2241220146
DATA SCIENCE(CE0630) Ridham Lakhani

Shape map:

Shape maps compare regions on a map using color. A shape map can't show precise geographical
locations of data points on a map. Instead, its main purpose is to show relative comparisons of regions on
a map by coloring them differently.

Matrix:

The matrix visual is a type of table visual that supports a stepped layout. A table supports two
dimensions, but a matrix makes it easier to display data meaningfully across multiple dimensions. Often,
report designers include matrixes in reports and dashboards to allow users to select one or more element
(rows, columns, cells) in the matrix to cross-highlight other visuals on a report page.

The matrix automatically aggregates the data and enables drilling down into the data.

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BTECH-IT-B1 IU2241220146
DATA SCIENCE(CE0630) Ridham Lakhani

Pie charts:

Pie charts show the relationship of parts to a whole.

Power Apps visual:

Report designers can create a Power App and embed it into a Power BI report as a visual. Consumers can
interact with that visual within the Power BI report.

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BTECH-IT-B1 IU2241220146
DATA SCIENCE(CE0630) Ridham Lakhani

Q&A visual:

The Q&A visual provides users with a text box to query data in Power BI reports. Users can use natural
language to query data, and the Q&A visual interprets the query and provides an appropriate
visualization.

For example, if a user asks a question like "What were the product sales in 2019?" the Q&A visual
queries the relevant data and create an appropriate visualization to display the results. This visualization
can be in many different formats, such as a chart or a table

R script visuals:

Visuals created with R scripts, commonly called R visuals, can present advanced data shaping and
analytics such as forecasting, using the rich analytics and visualization power of R. R visuals can be
created in Power BI Desktop and published to the Power BI service.
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BTECH-IT-B1 IU2241220146
DATA SCIENCE(CE0630) Ridham Lakhani

Ribbon chart:

Ribbon charts show which data category has the highest rank (largest value). Ribbon charts are effective
at showing rank change, with the highest range (value) always displayed on top for each time period.

Scatter:

Scatter, bubble, and dot plot chart

A scatter chart always has two value axes to show one set of numerical data along a horizontal axis and
another set of numerical values along a vertical axis. The chart displays points at the intersection of an x
and y numerical value, combining these values into single data points. These data points might be
distributed evenly or unevenly across the horizontal axis, depending on the data.

A bubble chart replaces data points with bubbles, with the bubble size representing an additional
dimension of the data.

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BTECH-IT-B1 IU2241220146
DATA SCIENCE(CE0630) Ridham Lakhani

Both scatter and bubble charts can also have a play axis, which can show changes over time.

A dot plot chart is similar to a bubble chart and scatter chart except that it can plot numerical or
categorical data along the X axis. This example happens to use squares instead of circles and plots sales
along the X axis.

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BTECH-IT-B1 IU2241220146
DATA SCIENCE(CE0630) Ridham Lakhani

Scatter-high density:

By definition, high-density data is sampled to quickly create visuals that are responsive to interactivity.
High-density sampling uses an algorithm that eliminates overlapping points, and ensures that all points in
the data set are represented in the visual. It doesn't just plot a representative sample of the data.

This ensures the best combination of responsiveness, representation, and clear preservation of important
points in the overall data set.

Slicers:

A slicer is a standalone chart that can be used to filter the other visuals on the page. Slicers come in many
different formats (category, range, date, etc.) and can be formatted to allow selection of only one, many,
or all of the available values.

Slicers are a great choice to:

 Display commonly used or important filters on the report canvas for easier access.
 Make it easier to see the current filtered state without having to open a drop-down list.
 Filter by columns that are unneeded and hidden in the data tables.
 Create more focused reports by putting slicers next to important visuals.
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BTECH-IT-B1 IU2241220146
DATA SCIENCE(CE0630) Ridham Lakhani

Smart narrative:

The Smart narrative adds text to reports to point out trends, key takeaways, and add explanations and
context. The text helps users to understand the data and identify the important findings quickly.

Standalone images:

A standalone image is a graphic that is added to a report or dashboard.

Tables:

A table is a grid that contains related data in a logical series of rows and columns. It might also contain
headers and a row for totals. Tables work well with quantitative comparisons where you are looking at
many values for a single category. For example, this table displays five different measures for Category.

Tables are a great choice:

 To see and compare detailed data and exact values (instead of visual representations).
 To display data in a tabular format.
 To display numerical data by categories.
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BTECH-IT-B1 IU2241220146
DATA SCIENCE(CE0630) Ridham Lakhani

Treemaps:

Treemaps are charts of colored rectangles, with size representing value. They can be hierarchical, with
rectangles nested within the main rectangles. The space inside each rectangle is allocated based on the
value being measured. And the rectangles are arranged in size from top left (largest) to bottom right
(smallest).

Treemaps are a great choice:

 To display large amounts of hierarchical data.

 When a bar chart can't effectively handle the large number of values.
 To show the proportions between each part and the whole.
 To show the pattern of the distribution of the measure across each level of categories in the hierarchy.
 To show attributes using size and color coding.
 To spot patterns, outliers, most-important contributors, and exceptions.

Waterfall charts:

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DATA SCIENCE(CE0630) Ridham Lakhani

A waterfall chart shows a running total as values are added or subtracted. It's useful for understanding
how an initial value (for example, net income) is affected by a series of positive and negative changes.

The columns are color coded so you can quickly tell increases and decreases. The initial and the final
value columns often start on the horizontal axis, while the intermediate values are floating columns.
Because of this "look", waterfall charts are also called bridge charts.

Waterfall charts are a great choice:

 When you have changes for the measure across time or across different categories.
 To audit the major changes contributing to the total value.
 To plot your company's annual profit by showing various sources of revenue and arrive at the total profit (or
loss).
 To illustrate the beginning and the ending headcount for your company in a year.
 To visualize how much money you make and spend each month, and the running balance for your account.

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