CBSE Class 10 Mathematics

NCERT Exemplar Solutions

Chapter 6 TRIANGLES

EXERCISE 6.1

Choose the correct answer from the given four options in the following questions:

1. In the given figure, if ∠BAC = 90° and AD BC. Then,

(A) BD.CD = BC2

(B) AB.AC = BC2

(C) BD.CD = AD2

(D) AB.AC = AD2

Sol. (C): BD · CD = AD2

In ΔADB and ΔADC,

∠BDA = ∠ADC = 90° [Given]

∠B = ∠DAC = (90° – C)

∴ ΔADB ~ ΔCDA [By AA similarity critierion]

∴ AD2 = BD · CD
2. The lengths of the diagonals of a rhombus are 16 cm and 12 cm. Then, the length of
the side of the rhombus is

(A) 9 cm

(B) 10 cm

(C) 8 cm

(D) 20 cm

Sol. (B): 10 cm

Let the length of the side of the rhombus ABCD be 'a' cm.

As the diagonals of rhombus bisect each other at 90° so by Pythagoras theorem in right
angled ΔAOB,

= (6)2 + (8)2 = 36 + 64

⇒ a2 = 100

⇒ a = 10 cm

3. If ΔABC ~ ΔEDF and ΔABC is not similar to ΔDEF, then which of the following is not
true?

(A) BC · EF = A C · FD
(B) AB · EF = AC · DE

(C) BC · DE = AB · EF

(D) BC · DE = AB · FD

Sol. (C): BC · DE = AB · EF

ΔABC ~ ΔEDF [Given]

Corresponding sides of two similar triangles are proportional

…(i)

So, every statement except (C) will be true if we take any two equal ratios from (i) and cross
multiply that equal ratios with each other.

(A) BC · EF = AC · DF True

(B) AB · EF = AC · DE True

(C) BC · DE = AB · EF False

(D) BC · DE = AB · DF True

4. If in two triangles ABC and PQR, , then

(a) ΔCAB ~ ΔPQR

(b) ΔABC ~ ΔPQR

(c) ΔCBA ~ ΔPQR

(d) ΔBCA ~ ΔPQR

Sol. (a) ΔCAB ~ ΔPQR

Here, vertex C corresponds to vertex P, vertex A corresponds to vertex Q and vertex

B corresponds to vertex R. Symbolically, we write the similarity of these two triangles as

ΔCAB ~ ΔPQR.

Hence, (a) is the correct answer.

5. In the given figure, two line segments AC and BD intersect each other at P such that
PA = 6cm, PB = 3cm, PC = 2.5 cm, PD = 5 cm, ∠APB = 50° and ∠CDP = 30°, then ∠PBA is
equal to

(a) 50°

(b) 30°

(c) 60°

(d) 100°

Sol. (d): 100°

Considering ΔAPB and ΔDPC

So, the above solution is rejected.

Now,

⇒
∠APB = ∠CPD = 50° [Vertically opp ∠s]

∴ ΔAPB ~ ΔDPC [By SAS similarity criterion]

∠PBA = ∠PCD [ Since Corresponding ∠s of similar Δs are equal]

In ΔDPC, ∠DPC = ∠APB = 50° [Vertically opp. ∠s]

∠D = 30°

∴ ∠PCD = ∠C = 180° – 50° – 30° = 180 – 80° = 100°

⇒ ∠PBA = 100° verifies the option (d).

6. If in two triangles DEF and PQR, ∠D = ∠Q and ∠R = ∠E, then which of the following is
not true?

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Sol. (b): In ΔDEF and ΔPQR,

[Given]

∴ ΔDEF ~ ΔQRP

∴
Hence, (b) is not true.

7. In ΔABC and ΔDEF, ∠B = ∠E, ∠F = ∠C and AB = 3DE. Then, the two triangle are

(a) congruent but not similar

(b) similar but not congruent

(c) neither congruent nor similar

(d) congruent as well as similar

Sol. (b):similar but not congruent

In ΔABC and ΔDEF,

[Given]

∴ ΔABC ~ ΔDEF [By AA similarity criterion]

So, AB and DE sides are corresponding sides.

But, AB = 3DE [Given]

So, ΔABC cannot be congruent to ΔDEF.

So, Δs are similar but not congruent.

8. It is given that ΔABC ~ ΔPQR, with . Then is equal to

(a) 9

(b) 3
(c)

(d)

Sol. (a): 9

ΔABC ~ ΔPQR

∴ [By area theorem

or

Hence, verifies option (a).

9. It is given that ΔABC ~ ΔDFE, ∠A = 30°, ∠C = 50°, AB = 5 cm, AC = 8cm and DF = 7.5 cm,
then which of the following is true?

(a) DE = 12 cm, F = 50°

(b) DE = 12 cm, F = 100°

(c) EF = 12 cm, D = 100°

(d) EF = 12, cm D = 30°

Sol. (b): DE = 12 cm, F = 100°

ΔABC ~ ΔDFE
∴

⇒ DE = = 12 cm

Now, ∠A = ∠D = 30°

∠B = ∠F = 180° – 30° – 50° = 100°

∠C = ∠E = 50°

∴ Verifies the option (b) i.e., DE = 12cm, ∠F = 100°

10. If in ΔABC and ΔDEF, , then they will be similar, when

(a) ∠B = ∠E

(b) ∠A = ∠D

(c) ∠B = ∠D

(d) ∠A = ∠F

Sol. (c): ∠B = ∠D

In ΔABC and ΔDEF,

Angle formed by AB and BC is ∠B.

Angle formed by DE and FD is ∠D.

So, ∠B = ∠D

∴ ΔABC ~ ΔEDF [By SAS similarity criterion]

Hence, (c) is the correct answer.

11. If ΔABC ~ ΔQRP, , AB = 18 cm, and BC = 15 cm, then PR is equal to

(a) 10 cm

(b) 12 cm

(c) cm

(d) 8 cm

Sol. (a): 10 cm

ΔABC ~ ΔQRP [Given]

∴ [By area theorem]

⇒ RP2 =

⇒ RP2 = 100

⇒ RP = 10 cm

Hence, verifies the option (a).

12. If S is a point on side PQ, of a ΔPQR such that PS = SQ = RS, then

(a) PR · QR = RS2

(b) QS2 + RS2 = QR2

(c) PR2 + QR2 = PQ2

(d) PS2 + RS2 = PR2

Sol. (c):

In ΔPQR,

PS = SQ = RS ( given )

Now, in ΔPSR,

PS = SR ( given )

∴ ∠1 = ∠P [Angles opposite to equal sides in a triangle are equal]

Similarly, in ∠SRQ,

RS = SQ ( given )

∠Q = ∠2

Now, in ΔPQR,

∠P + ∠Q + ∠PRQ = 180° [ By Angle sum property of a triangle]

⇒ ∠1 + ∠2 + (∠1 + ∠2) = 180°

⇒ 2(∠1 + ∠2) = 180°

⇒ ∠1 + ∠2 = 90°

⇒ ∠PRQ = 90°
By Pythagoras theorem, we have

PQ2 = PR2 + RQ2

Hence, verifies the option (c).

 EXERCISE 6.2

1. Is the triangle with sides 25 cm, 5 cm, and 24 cm a right triangle? Give reasons for
your answer.

Sol. False:

Reason:-

Square of longest side = (25)2 = 625..........(i)

Now, the sum of the squares of other two sides = (5)2 + (24)2

= 25 + 576

= 601.............(ii)

From (i) and (ii) we see that (25)2 ≠ (5)2 + (24)2

By converse of Pythagoras theorem, this Δ will be right angle triangle if

(25)2 = (5)2 + (24)2

So, the given triangle is not right angled triangle.

2. It is given that ΔDEF ~ ΔRPQ. Is it true to say that ∠D = ∠R and ∠F = ∠P? Why?

Sol. False: When ΔDEF ~ ΔRPQ, each angle of a triangle will be equal to the corresponding
angle of similar triangle so

∠D = ∠R

∠E = ∠P

∠F = ∠Q
So, ∠D = ∠R is true but ∠F ≠ ∠P.

Hence, it is not true that ∠F = ∠P.

3. A and B are respectively the points on the sides PQ and PR of a ΔPQR such that PQ =
12.5 cm, PA = 5 cm, BR = 6 cm and PB = 4 cm. Is AB || QR? Give reasons for your answer.

Sol. True: By converse of BPT, AB will be parallel to QR if AB, divides PQ and PR in the same
ratio i.e.,

⇒ or

So, AB is parallel to QR. Hence, the given statement AB || QR is true.

4. In the given figure, BD and CE intersect each other at P. Is ΔPBC ~ ΔPDE? Why?

Sol. True: In ΔPBC and ΔPDE, we have

∠BPC = ∠DPE [Vertically opposite angles]

∴

Hence, ΔBPC ~ ΔDPE [BY SAS similarity criterion]

Hence, the given statement is true.

5. In ΔPQR and ΔMST, ∠P = 55°, ∠Q = 25°, ∠M = 100°, ∠S = 25°. Is ΔQPR ~ ΔTSM? Why?

Sol. False: ΔQPR and ΔTSM will be similar if its corresponding angles are equal

∠Q = 25°

∠P = 55°

⇒ ∠R = 180° – (25° + 55°)

=180° – 80°

⇒ ∠R = 100°

∠S = 25°

∠M = 100°

⇒ ∠T = 180° – (100° + 25°) = 55°

∴ ∠Q ≠ ∠T
∠P ≠ ∠S

Since corresponding angles are not equal.

So, ΔQPR is not similar to ΔTSM. So, the given statement ΔQPR ~ ΔTSM is false.

6. Is the following statement true? Why?

“Why quadrilaterals are similar if their corresponding angles are equal”.

Sol. False: Two quadrilaterals will be similar if their corresponding angles as well as ratio of
sides are also equal. So, the given statements is false.

Example: A rectangle and a square.

7. Two sides and the perimeter of one triangle are respectively three times the
corresponding sides and the perimeter of the other triangle. Are the two triangle
similar? Why?

Sol. True: Let the two sides of ΔABC are AB = 3cm, AC = 4 cm and perimeter AB + BC + AC = 13
cm, then BC = 13 – 7 = 6 cm.

According to the question, the sides of another ΔDEF are

DE = 3 × 3 = 9

DF = 3 × 4 = 12,

and DE + DF + EF = 3 × 13 = 39

So, EF = 39 – 12 – 9 = 18

∴
∴

As the ratio of corresponding sides in two Δs are same then ΔDEF ~ ΔABC by SSS similarity
criterion.

Hence, the triangles are similar or the given statement is true.

8. If in two right triangles, one of the acute angles of one triangle is equal to an acute
angle of the other triangle, can you say that two triangles will be similar? Why?

Sol. True: In ΔABC and ΔPQR,

∠B = ∠Q = 90° [Given]

∠C = ∠R [Given]

∴ ΔABC ~ ΔPQR [By AA similarity criterion]

Hence, the statement that two triangles are similar is true.

9. The ratio of the corresponding altitudes of two similar triangles is . Is it correct to

say that ratio of their areas is ? Why?

Sol. False: If two triangles are similar, then the ratio of areas of two triangles will be equal to
the square of the ratio of their corresponding sides or altitudes or angle bisectors,

If ΔABC ~ ΔPQR, then

 ( By Area Theorem )

So, the given statement is false.

10. D is the point on side QR of ΔPQR such that PD QR. Will it be correct to say that
ΔPQD ~ ΔRPD? Why?

Sol. False: In ΔPDQ and ΔPDR

PD QR [Given]

∴ ∠PDQ = ∠PDR = 90°

PD does not bisect ∠P.

∴ ∠1 ≠ ∠2

and ∠1 ≠ ∠R

and ∠Q ≠ ∠2
and ∠Q ≠ ∠R [ PQ ≠ PR]

Any ratio of sides are also not equal. So, ΔPQD is not similar to ΔRPD. Hence, the given
statement is false.

11. In the given figure, ∠D = ∠C, then is it true that ΔADE ~ ΔACB? Why?

Sol. True:

In ΔADE and ΔABC,

∠D = ∠C [Given]

∠A = ∠A [Common]

∴ ΔADE ~ ΔACB [By AA similarity criterion]

12. Is it true to say that if in two triangle, an angle of one triangle is equal to an angle of
another triangle and, two sides of one triangle are proportional to the two sides of the
other triangle, then triangles are similar? Give reasons for your answer.

Sol. False:

Reason: Here, an angle of one triangle is equal to an angle of another triangle and, two
sides of one triangle are proportional to the two sides of the other triangle, even then the
triangles are not similar because the sides including these angles must be proportional.

So, triangles are not similar. Hence, the given statement is false.
 EXERCISE 6.3

1. In a ΔPQR, PR2 – PQ2 = QR2 and M is a point on side PR such that QM PR. Prove that

QM2 = PM × MR.

Sol. Given: In ΔPQR,

PR2 – PQ2 = QR2

and QM PR

To Prove: MQ2 = MP × MR

Proof: In ΔPQR,

PR2 – PQ2 = QR2 [Given]

⇒ PR2 = PQ2 + QR2

∴ ∠PQR = 90° [By conv. of Pythagoras theorem]

Now In ΔQMP and ΔQMR,

∠1 = ∠2 = 90° ( QM PR )

∠P = 90° – ∠R

∠3 = 90° – ∠R
⇒ ∠P = ∠3

∴ ΔQMP ~ ΔRMQ [By AA similarity criterion]

⇒ QM2 = PM × RM

Hence proved.

2. Find the value of x for which DE || AB in the given figure.

Sol. In ΔABC, DE || AB.

⇒ ( By BPT )

⇒ x(3x + 19) = (x+ 3) (3x + 4)

⇒ 3x2 + 19x = 3x2 + 4x + 9x + 12

⇒ 3x2 – 3x2 + 19x – 13x = 12

⇒ 6x = 12

⇒x=

⇒x=2
Hence, the required value of x is 2.

3. In the given figure, if ∠1 = ∠2 and ΔNSQ ≅ ΔMTR. Prove that ΔPTS ~ ΔPRQ.

Sol. Given: In ΔPQR, point S is on PQ and T is on PR

such that ∠1 = ∠2

and ΔNSQ ≅ ΔMTR

To prove: ΔPTS ~ ΔPRQ

Proof: ΔNSQ ≅ ΔMTR [Given]

∴ SQ = TR [CPCT] (I)

∠1 = ∠2 [Given]

∴ PT = PS [Sides opposite to equal angles in ΔPTS]

or PS = PT ......(II)

⇒ [Divide (II) by (I)]

∴ ST || QR [By converse of BPT]

Now, in ΔPTS and ΔPRQ, we have

ST || QR [Proved above]

∠1 = ∠3 [Corresponding ∠s]
∠2 = ∠4 [Corresponding ∠s]

∴ ΔPTS ~ ΔPRQ [By AA similarity criterion]

Hence, proved.

4. Diagonals of a trapezium PQRS intersect each other at the point O, PQ || RS and PQ =

3 RS. Find the ratio of the areas of triangles ΔPOQ and ΔROS.

Sol. Given: PQRS is a trapezium with PQ || RS and PQ = 3RS

To find:

Sol: In ΔPOQ and ΔROS,

PQ || RS [Given]

∴ ∠3 = ∠1 [Alt. int. ∠s]

∠4 = ∠2 [Alt. int. ∠s]

∴ ΔPOQ ~ ΔROS [By AA similarity criterion]

So, [By area theorem]

But, PQ = 3RS [Given]

⇒
Hence, the required ratio is 9 : 1.

5. In the given figure, if AB || DC, and AC and PQ intersect each other at the point O,
prove that OA. CQ = OC · AP.

Sol. Given: ABCD,

AB || DC

and PQ intersect AC at O (in figure)

To Prove: OA · CQ = OC · AP

Proof: In ΔOQC and ΔOPA,

[Alt. int. ∠s]

∴ ΔOQC ~ ΔOPA [By AA similarity criterion]

⇒ ( Corresponding sides of two similar triangles are proportional )

⇒ OA · CQ = OC · PA

Hence, proved.

6. Find the altitude of an equilateral triangle of side 8 cm.

Sol. ΔABC is an equilateral triangle. [Given]

AD BC [Given]

Now In ΔADB and ΔADC,

AB = AC [Sides of an equilateral Δ]

∠1 = ∠2 = 90°

AD = AD [Common]

∴ ΔADB ≅ ΔADC [By RHS congruence criterion]

⇒ BD = DC [CPTC]

∴ BD = DC = = 4 cm

∴ By Pythagoras theorem, In right angled triangle ADB, we have

AD2 + BD2 = AB2

⇒ AD2 + (4)2 = (8)2

⇒ AD2 = 64 – 16

⇒ AD2 = 48

⇒ AD = cm

7. If ΔABC ~ ΔDEF, AB = 4 cm, DE = 6 cm, EF = 9 cm and FD = 12 cm, find the perimeter of

ΔABC.

Sol. Given: In ΔABC and ΔDEF,

AB = 4 cm, DE = 6 cm

EF = 9 cm, FD = 12 cm

To find: Perimeter of ΔABC

Sol: ΔABC ~ ΔDEF [Given]

⇒ AC = = 8 cm

and BC = = 6 cm

∴ The perimeter of ΔABC = AB + BC + AC = 4cm + 6cm + 8 cm = 18 cm

8. In the given figure, if DE || BC, find the ratio of ar (ΔADE) and ar (DECB).

Given: In ΔABC,
DE || BC

and DE = 6 cm and BC = 12 cm

To find:

Sol. In ΔABC and ΔADE,

DE || BC [Given]

[Corresponding angles]

∴ ΔABC ~ ΔADE [By AA similarity criterion]

Now,

[∵ Ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the squares of the ratio of their
corresponding sides]

Hence, the required ratio is 1 : 3.

9. ABCD is a trapezium in which AB || DC and P and Q are points on AD and BC,
respectively such that PQ || DC. If PD = 18 cm, BQ = 35 cm and QC = 15 cm, find AD.

Sol. Given: ABCD is a trapezium in which

AB || CD and

PQ || DC (See figure)

Also, PD = 18 cm,

BQ = 35 cm and QC = 15 cm

To find: AD

Sol: In trapezium ABCD

AB || CD (Given)

PQ || DC (Given)

∴ AB || CD || PQ ......(I)

In ΔBCD,

OQ || CD [From (I)]

∴ (II) [By BPT]

Similarly, in ΔDAB,

PO || AB [From (I)]
∴ (III) [By BPT]

From (II) and (III)

⇒ AP = × 18 = 7 × 6

⇒ AP = 42 cm

∴ AD = AP + PD = 42 cm + 18 cm = 60 cm

10. Corresponding sides of two similar triangles are in the ratio of 2 : 3. If the area of

the smaller triangle is 48 cm2, find the area of the larger triangle.

Sol. If ΔABC ~ ΔDEF, then by area theorem,

But, AB : DE = 2 : 3 (Given)

and ar (ΔABC) (smaller) = 48 cm2

⇒ ar(ΔDEF) = = 108 cm2

11. In a triangle ΔPQR, N is a point on PR such that QN PR. If PN × NR = QN2, then prove
that ∠PQR = 90°.

Sol. Given: ΔPQR in which QN PR and PN × NR = QN 2.

To Prove: ∠PQR = 90°

Proof: In ΔQNP and ΔQNR,

QN PR [Given]

∴ ∠1 = ∠2 = 90°

QN2= NR × NP [Given]

QN x QN = NR x NP

∴ ΔPNQ ~ ΔQNR [By SAS similarity criterion]

∠P = ∠RQN = x (I)

∠PQN = ∠R = y (II)

In ΔPQR, we have

∠P + ∠PQR + ∠R = 180° [Angle sum property of a triangle]

⇒ x + x + y + y = 180° [Using (I) and (II)]

⇒ 2x + 2y = 180°
⇒ x + y = 90°

⇒ ∠PQR = 90°

Hence, proved.

12. Areas of two similar triangles are 36 cm2 and 100 cm2. If the length of a side of the
larger triangle is 20 cm, find the length of the corresponding side of the smaller
triangle.

Sol. Here, ar(ΔABC) = 36cm2, ar(ΔDEF) = 100 cm2, DE = 20cm, AB = ?

If ΔABC ~ ΔDEF, then by area theorem

⇒ [Taking square root]

or

⇒ AB = = 12 cm

∴ AB = 12cm. Hence, side of smaller Δ is 12 cm.

13. In the given figure, if ∠ACB = ∠CDA, AC = 8 cm and AD = 3 cm, find BD.
Sol. In ΔACD and ΔACB, we have

∠CDA = ∠ACB [Given]

∠A = ∠A [Common]

∴ ΔACD ~ ΔABC [BY AA similarity criterion]

So,

Now,

⇒ AB =

BD = AB – AD = –3=

= cm = 18.3 cm

Hence, BD = 18.3 cm.

14. A 15 metres high tower casts a shadow 24 metres long at a certain time and at the
same time, a telephone pole casts a shadow 16 metres long. Find the height of the
telephone pole.

Sol. Let TW = 15 m be the height of the tower and SW = 24 m be its shadow's length. Also, let
PL = x metres be the height of the telephone pole and AL = 16 m be its shadow's length.
In ΔTWS and ΔPLA,

∠W = ∠L = 90°

∠S = ∠A [Since both the figures occur at the same ∴ angles of elevation will be equal]

∴ ΔTWS ~ ΔPLA ( By AA similarity criterion )

⇒ ( Corresponding sides of two similar triangles are proportional )

⇒x= =5×2

⇒ x = 10 m

Hence, the height of the telephone pole is 10 m.

15. Foot of a 10 m long ladder leaning against a vertical wall is 6 m away from the base
of the wall. Find the height of the point on the wall where the top of the ladder reaches.

Sol. Let WA = 10 m be the length of the ladder and WL = x m be the height of the wall. As
wall WL = x m is vertically up so by Pythagoras theorem,
In right angled triangle WLA

WL2 + AL2 = WA2

x2 + 62 = 102

x2 = 102 – 62 = 100 – 36

⇒ x2 = 64

⇒x=8

Hence, the height of the point on the wall where the top of the ladder reaches is 8 m.
 EXERCISE 6.4

1. In the given figure, if ∠A = ∠C, AB = 6cm, BP = 15 cm, AP = 12cm and CP = 4, then find
the lengths of PD and CD.

Given. ∠A = ∠C, AB = 6cm, BP = 15 cm, AP = 12cm and CP = 4,

To find. lengths of PD and CD

Sol. In ΔABP and ΔCDP,

∠A = ∠C [Given]

∠2 = ∠1 [Vertically opposite angles]

∴ ΔABP ~ ΔCDP [By AA similarity criterion]

⇒ ( Since corresponding sides of two similar triangles are proportional )

⇒
⇒y= = 2 cm

⇒ =3

⇒ x = 5 cm

∴ PD = 5 cm and CD = 2 cm

2. It is given that ΔABC ~ ΔEDF such that AB = 5 cm, AC = 7 cm, DF= 15 cm and DE = 12 cm.
Find the lengths of the remaining sides of the triangles.

Sol. ΔABC ~ ΔEDF [Given]

⇒y= = 16.8 cm

and x = = 6.25 cm

Hence, the length of BC = 6.25 cm and EF = 16.8 cm.

3. Prove that if a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other
two sides, then the two sides are divided in the same ratio.

Sol. Given: In ΔABC,

DE || BC

To prove:

Construction: Draw EF AB and DG AC. Join DC and BE.

Proof: (I)

and (II)

Note that ΔDBE and ΔECD are on same base DE and between same parallel lines DE and BC.

∴ ar(ΔDBE) = ar(ΔECD) (III)

From equations (II) and (III), we have

(IV)

From equations (I) and (IV), we have

Hence, proved.

4. In the given figure, if PQRS is a parallelogram and AB || PS, then prove that OC || SR.

Sol. Given: In ΔABC, PQRS is a parallelogram and PS || AB.

To Prove: OC || SR

Proof: In ΔOAB and ΔOPS

PS || AB [Given]......(I)

[Corresponding angles]

∴ ΔOPS ~ ΔOAB [By AA similarity criterion]

⇒ (II)

PQRS is a parallelogram so PS || QR. (III)

⇒ QR || AB (IV) [From (I), (III)]

In ΔCQR and ΔCAB,

QR || AB [ From (IV) ]

[Corresponding angles]

∴ ΔCQR ~ ΔCAB [By AA similarity criterion]

PQRS is a parallelogram.
∴ PS = QR
∴ (V)

⇒ [From (II) and (V)]

These are the ratios of two sides of ΔBOC and are equal so by converse of BPT, SR || OC.

Hence, proved.

5. A 5 m long ladder is placed leaning towards a vertical wall such that it reaches the
wall at a point 4 m high. If the foot of the ladder is moved 1.6 m towards the wall, then
find the distance by which the top of the ladder would slide upwards on the wall.

Sol. In figure ELW is a wall. DL and RE are two positions of ladder of length 5 m.

In right angled ΔLWD,

DW2 + LW2 = DL2 ( By Pythagoras )

DW2 = DL2 – LW2

⇒ DW2 = 52 – 42

= 25 – 16 = 9

⇒ DW = 3 m

Now , RW = DW – DR

= 3 – 1.6 = 1.4 m

In right angled triangle RWE,

EW2 + RW2 = RE2 ( By Pythagoras )

EW2 = RE2 – RW2

= 52 – 1.42 = 25 – 1.96

= 23.04

EW = = 4.8 m.

∴ The distance by which the ladder shifted upward = EL = 4.8 m – 4 m = 0.8 m

Hence, the ladder would slide upwards on wall by 0.8 m.

6. For going to a city B from city A, there is a route via city C, such that AC CB, AC = 2x
km and CB = 2 (x + 7) km. It is proposed to construct a 26 km highway which directly
connects the two cities A and B. Find how much distance will be saved in reaching city B
from city A after the construction of the highway.

Sol. Distance saved by direct highway = (AC + BC) – AB

AC BC so by Pythagoras theorem

AC2 + BC2 = AB2

⇒ (2x)2 + [2(x + 7)]2 = 262

⇒ 22x2 + 22 (x + 7)2 = 676

⇒ 4x2 + 4(x2 + 49 + 14x) = 676

⇒ 4[x2 + x2 + 49 + 14x] = 676

⇒ 2x2 + 14x + 49 =

⇒ 2x2 + 14x + 49 = 169

⇒ 2x2 + 14x + 49 – 169 = 0

⇒ 2x2 + 14x – 120 = 0

⇒ x2 + 7x – 60 = 0

⇒ x2 + 12x – 5x – 60 = 0

⇒ x(x + 12) – 5 (x + 12) = 0

⇒ (x + 12) (x – 5) = 0

⇒ x + 12 = 0 or x – 5 = 0

⇒ x = –12 or x=5

(rejected)

∴ The required distance = AC + BC – AB

= 2x + 2x + 14 – 26

= 4x – 12

= 4 × 5 – 12 = 20 – 12 [ x = 5]

= 8 km

Hence, the distance saved by highway is 8 km.

7. A flag pole 18 m high casts a shadow 9.6 m long. Find the distance of the top of the
pole from the far end of the shadow.

Sol. Pole PL = 18 m casts shadow LS = 9.6 m

The required distance between top of pole and far end of shadow is equal to PS as pole is
vertical so ∠L = 90°.

∴ By Pythagoras theorem,

PS2 = PL2 + SL2

PS2 = 182 + 9.62

⇒ PS2 = 324 + 92.16 = 416.16

⇒ PS =

⇒ PS = 20.4 m

Hence, the required distance = 20.4 m

8. A street light bulb is fixed on a pole 6 m above the level of the street. If a woman of
height 1.5 m casts a shadow of 3m, find how far she is away from the base of the pole.

Sol. In ΔLPS and ΔNWS,

Replace the image above with img_01 jpg

Bulb L is fixed at a height of 6 m above the road SP.

Woman and pole are vertical.

∴ ∠2 = ∠1 = 90°

∠S = ∠S [Common]

∴ ΔLPS ~ ΔNWS [By AA similarity criterion]

⇒ 4.5 + 1.5x = 18

⇒ 1.5x = 18 – 4.5

⇒x= =9m

Hence, the woman is 9 m away from the pole.

9. In the given figure, ABC is a triangle right angled at B and BD AC. If AD = 4 cm, and
CD = 5 cm then find BD and AB.

Sol. In ΔABC,

∠ABC = 90° [Given]

BD AC [From vertex B to hypotenuse AC ]

∴ BD2 = DA × DC [By theorem]

⇒ BD2 = 4 × 5
⇒ BD = cm

In right angled ΔBDA,

BD AC [Given]

∴ ∠BDA = 90°

⇒ AB2 = AD2 + BD2 [By Pythagoras therorem]

= 42 +

= 16 + 20 = 36

⇒ AB = 6 cm

10. In the given figure, PQR is a right triangle right angled at Q and QS PR. If PQ = 6 cm
and PS = 4 cm, find QS, RS and QR.

Sol. In ΔPQR

∠PQR = 90° [Given]

QS PR [From vertex Q to hypotenuse PR ]

∴ QS2 = PS × SR (I) [By theorem]

Now, in ΔPSQ we have

QS2 = PQ2 – PS2 [By Pythagoraus theorem]

= 62 – 42

= 36 – 16
⇒ QS2 = 20

⇒ QS = cm

QS2 = PS × SR (I)

⇒ = 4 × SR

⇒ = SR

⇒ SR = 5 cm

Now, QS PR

∴ ∠QSR = 90°

⇒ QR2 = QS2 + SR2 [By Pythagoras theorem]

= + 52

= 20 + 25

⇒ QR2 = 45

⇒ QR = cm

Hence, QS = cm, RS = 5 cm and QR = cm.

11. In ΔPQR, PD QR such that D lies on QR. If PQ = a, PR = b, QD = c and DR = d, prove

that (a + b) (a – b) = (c + d) (c – d).

Sol. Given: In ΔPQR, PD QR so ∠1 = ∠2.

PQ = a, PR = b, QD = c and DR = d.
To Prove: (a + b)(a – b) = (c + d)(c – d)

Proof: In right angled ΔPDQ,

PD2 = PQ2 – QD2 [By Pythagoras theorem]

⇒ PD2 = a2 – c2 (I)

Similarly, in right angled ΔPDR,

PD2 = PR2 – DR2 [By Pythagoras theorem]

⇒ PD2 = b2 – d2 (II)

From (I) and (II), we have

a2 – c2 = b2 – d2

⇒ a2 – b2 = c2 – d2

⇒ (a – b)(a + b) = (c – d)(c + d)

Hence proved.

12. In a quadrilateral ABCD, ∠A + ∠D = 90°. Prove that AC2 + BD2 = AD2 + BC2

[Hint: Produce AB and DC to meet at E.]

Sol. Given: A quadrilateral ABCD in which ∠A + ∠D = 90°.

To Prove: AC2 + BD2 = AD2 + BC2

Construction: Produce AB and DC to meet at E.

Proof: In ΔADE,

∠BAD + ∠CDA = 90° [Given]

∴ ∠E = 90° [Int. angles of a Δ]

By Pythagoras theorem in ΔADE and ΔBCE,

AD2 = AE2 + DE2 (I)

BC2 = BE2 + EC2 (II)

Adding (I) and (II), we get

AD2 + BC2 = AE2 + EC2 + DE2 + BE2 (III)

By Pythagoras theorem in ΔECA and ΔEBD,

AC2 = AE2 + CE2 (IV)

BD2 = BE2 + DE2 (V)

⇒ AC2 + BD2 = AE2 + BE2 + CE2 + DE2 (VI) [Adding (IV) and (V)]

⇒ AC2 + BD2 = AD2 + BC2 [From (III) and (VI) ]

Hence, proved.

13. In the given figure, l || m and line segments AB, CD and EF are concurrent at point
P. Prove that:

Sol. Given: l || m

Line segments AB, CD and EF are concurrent at P.

Points A, E and C are on line l.

Points D, F and B are on line m.

To Prove:

Proof: In ΔAEP and ΔBFP,

l || m [Given]

∴ ΔAEP ~ ΔBFP, [By AA similarity criterion]

⇒ (I)

In ΔCEP and ΔDFP,

l || m [Given]

[Alternate interior angles]

∴ ΔCEP ~ ΔDFP [By AA similarity criterion]

⇒ (II)

In ΔACP and ΔBDP,

l || m [Given]

[Alternate interior angles]

∴ ΔACP ~ ΔBDP [By AA similarity criterion]

⇒ (III)

⇒ [ From (I) , (II) and (III) '

Hence, proved.

14. In the given figure, PA, QB, RC and SD are all perpendiculars to a line ‘l’, AB = 6 cm,
BC = 9 cm, CD = 12 cm and SP = 36 cm. Find PQ, QR and RS.

Sol. Given: PA, QB, RC and SD are perpendicular on line l.

AB = 6 cm, BC = 9 cm, CD = 12 cm

To find: PQ, QR and RS

Construction: Produce SP and l to meet each other at E.

Proof: In ΔEDS,

AP || BQ || DS || CR [Given]

∴ PQ : QR : RS = AB : BC : CD

PQ : QR : RS = 6 : 9 : 12

Let PQ = 6x

then QR = 9x

and RS = 12x

∴ PQ + QR + RS = 36 cm

⇒ 6x + 9x + 12x = 36

⇒ 27x = 36

∴ PQ = 6 × = 8 cm

QR = 9 × = 12 cm
RS = 12 × = 16 cm

15. ‘O’ is the point of intersection of the diagonals AC and BD of a trapezium ABCD with
AB || DC. Through ‘O’, a line segment PQ is drawn parallel to AB meeting AD in P and
BC in Q. Prove that PO = QO.

Sol. To Prove: PO = QO

Proof: In ΔABD,

PO || AB [Given]

∴ (I) ( By BPT )

Similarly, in ΔBDC,

OQ || DC

∴ (II)

From (I) and (II), we have

⇒ [Adding 1 on both sides]

⇒
⇒ or (III)

In ΔDOP and ΔDBA,

AB || PO [Given]

[Corresponding angles]

∴ ΔDOP ~ ΔDBA [By AA similarity criterion]

⇒ (IV)

Similarly, ΔCOQ ~ ΔCAB [By AA similarly criterion]

∴ (V)

From (III), (IV) and (V), we have

⇒ PO = OQ

Hence, proved.

16. In the given figure, line segment DF intersect the side AC of a triangle ΔABC at the

point E such that E is the mid–point of CA and ∠AEF = ∠AFE. Prove that: .

[Hint: Take point G on AB such that CG || DF.]

Sol. In the given figure of ΔABC,

EA = EC and ∠AEF = ∠AFE

To Prove:

Construction: Draw CG || EF.

Proof: In ΔACG, CG || EF.

E is the mid point of AC

F will be the mid point of AG.

⇒ FG = FA
But, EC = EA = AF [Given]

∴ FG = FA = EA = EC (I)

In ΔBCG and BDF,

CG || EF [By construction]

∴ [By BPT]

⇒ ⇒

But, FG = CE [From (I)]

Hence, proved.

17. Prove that the area of the semi–circle drawn on the hypotenuse of a right angled
triangle is equal to the sum of the areas of the semicircles drawn on the other two sides
of the triangle.

Sol. Given: In figure, ΔABC is right at B. Three semi–circles C1, C2 and C3 are drawn taking

the sides BC, AB and AC of the triangle ABC as diameters.

To Prove: Area of semicircles (C1 + C2) = Area of semi–circle C3

Proof: In ΔABC,

∠B = 90°

∴ BC2 + AB2 = AC2 [By Pythagoras theorem]

⇒ (2r1)2 + (2r2)2 = (2r3)2 [From figure as BC, AB and AC are diameters]

⇒ [ Multiplying both sides by ]

ar (semi–circle C1​) + ar (semi–circle C2) = ar (semi–circle C3)

Hence, proved.

18. Prove that the area of the equilateral triangle drawn on the hypotenuse of a right
angled triangle is equal to the sum of the areas of the equilateral triangles drawn on
the other two sides of the triangle.

Sol. Given: A right triangle ABC.

Let AB = a, BC = b, AC = c and B = ∠90°.

Equilateral triangles with sides AB = a, BC = b and AC = c are drawn respectively.

To Prove: Area of equilateral triangle with side hypotenuse (c) is equal to the sum of the
areas of equilateral triangles with side a and b.
or

Proof: In ΔABC,

∠ABC = 90° [Given]

∴ AC2 = AB2 + BC2 [By Pythagoras theorem]

⇒ c2 = a2 + b2

⇒ [Multiplying by to both sides]

⇒ (Area of equilateral Δ with side c) = (Area of equilateral Δ with side a) + (Area of

equilateral Δ with side b)

Hence, the area of equilateral Δ with hypotenuse is equal to the sum of areas of equilateral
triangles on other two sides.

Hence, proved.