International University, Vietnam National University - HCMC 1

CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

REPORT
EXPERIMENT 1: CHEMICAL REACTIONS

Group: 1 Class: ______________ Date: ____________

Group members:

Full name Student ID Declaration of Contribution Signature

Total score: _______/100

 International University, Vietnam National University - HCMC 2
CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

Part 1. Introduction
(Introduce the general background and summarize the aims/objectives of the experiment)

Part 2. Materials and Methods

(Summarize the experimental design/structure of your experiment)

Part 3. Results and Discussion

1. REACTIONS OF Cu2+
Reaction Observation Chemical Equation
0.5M CuSO4
+ 2M NaOH
0.5M CuSO4
+ 2M NH4OH
Discussion:
(Discuss: i) Explanation for the above observation; ii) Possible reasons for any misconducted results)

2. REACTIONS OF SILVER HALIDES

Reaction Observation Chemical Equation
0.5M KCl
+ 0.1M AgNO3
0.5M KCl
+ 0.1M AgNO3
+ 2M NH4OH

0.5M KBr
+ 0.1M AgNO3
0.5M KBr
+ 0.1M AgNO3
+ 2M NH4OH
Discussion:
 International University, Vietnam National University - HCMC 3
CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

3. REACTIONS OF H2O2
Reaction Observation Chemical Equation
0.1M KMnO4 The solution becomes 2 KMnO4 + 3 H2SO4 + 5 H2O → 5 O2 (↑) + 8H2O +
+ 2M H2SO4 transparent 2 MnSO4 + K2SO4
+ H2O2

0.1M KI The reaction produces a H2O2 + 2 KI + H2SO4→ I2 (↓) + K2SO4 + 2 H2O

+ 2M H2SO4 red-brown I2 precipitate
+ H2O2

H2O2 There are air bubbles H2O2 + MnO2 → H2O + O2 (↑)+ MnO
+ MnO2 and black solid

Discussion:
1. When H2SO4 is added to KMnO4 (purple), the reaction remains the same. When H2O2 molecules
are added, they react with KMnO4 to generate MnSO4 (white), causing the original KMnO4 solution to
lose colour and fade gradually. After the reaction, the mixture of H 2O2 and H2SO4 includes the O2
generated. When coupled with other chemicals, O 2 produces effervescent pills, causing the solution to
fizz. This is a redox process in which H2O2 is a reducing agent and KMnO4 is an oxidising agent.
2. The reaction remains unchanged when H₂SO₄ is added to a colorless KI solution. Then, add
H₂O₂, and the KI solution is oxidized to I₂, while H₂O₂ is reduced to water. As a result, I₂ is created
throughout the reaction, resulting in a reddish-brown tint. This is a redox process, with KI and H₂O₂
as reducing agents and H₂SO₄ as an oxidizing agent.
3. When H₂O₂ combines with MnO₂, oxygen bubbles are produced, and black residue results from
MnO₂ precipitation. This is a redox process, where MnO₂ is the oxidizing agent and H₂O₂ is the
reducing agent.
4. REACTIONS OF KMnO4
 International University, Vietnam National University - HCMC 4
CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

Reaction Observation Chemical Equation

0.5M Na2SO3
+ 2M H2SO4
+ 0.1M KMnO4
0.5M Na2SO3
+ 6N NaOH
+ 0.1M KMnO4
0.5M Na2SO3
+ H2O
+ 0.1M KMnO4
Discussion:

5. A. REACTIONS OF Fe3+
Reaction Observation Chemical Equation
0.5M FeCl3 Reaction forms a red- FeCl3 + 3 KOH → Fe(OH)3 (↓) + 3 KCl
+ 2M KOH brown precipitate

0.5M FeCl3 The reddish-brown FeCl3 + 3NH4OH → Fe(OH)3(↓) + 3 NH4Cl

+ 2M NH4OH precipitate is formed

Discussion:
1. FeCl₃ (brown-yellow) interacts with KOH (colorless) to generate Fe(OH)₃ (red-brown).
2. FeCl₃ (brown-yellow) interacts with NH₄OH (colorless) to generate Fe(OH)₃ (red-brown).
These reactions are double displacement, and both reactions create Fe(OH)₃
 International University, Vietnam National University - HCMC 5
CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

Fe₃⁺ + 3OH⁻ → Fe(OH)₃

5. B. REACTIONS OF Fe2+
Reaction Observation Chemical Equation
0.5M FeSO4 A pale green FeSO4 + 2 KOH → K2SO4 + Fe(OH)2 (↓)
+ 2M KOH precipitate, slowly turn
brown

0.5M FeSO4 A pale green FeSO4 + 2 NH4OH → Fe(OH)2 (↓) + (NH4)2SO4

+ 2M NH4OH precipitate, slowly turn 2 Fe(OH)2 (↓) +O2 (↑) → 2 Fe(OH)3 (↓)
brown due to oxidation

Discussion:
1. FeSO₄ and KOH are colorless solutions; when KOH was added in proportion to FeSO₄, the
reaction produced a bright green precipitate. The green precipitate is Fe(OH)₂, since it has not yet
interacted with O₂ in the air to create red-brown. Fe(OH)₃.
2. FeSO₄ and NH₄OH are colorless solutions; after adding NH₄OH to FeSO₄ in the test tube
according to the ratio, the solution is light yellow, and gradually a thin layer of precipitate appears,
pale green moss clinging to the wall of the test tube; green precipitate is Fe(OH)₂, which then reacts
with the O₂ in the air to a reddish brown Fe(OH)₃.
Both reactions are double displacement: Fe2+ + 2 OH- → Fe(OH)2
6. REACTIONS OF Al3+
Reaction Observation Chemical Equation
0.5M Al2(SO4)3
+ 2N NaOH
+ 2M HCl
0.5M Al2(SO4)3
+ 2M NaOH
 International University, Vietnam National University - HCMC 6
CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

+ 2M NaOH
Discussion:

7. FLAME TEST
Solution Dominant flame Wavelength Frequency Photon energy (J)
color (nm) (s1)
LiCl
NaCl
KCl
CaCl2
BaCl2
Discussion:

Part 4. Conclusions
Today's practice offers us a better understanding of each sort of experiment. We see variations in a
variety of reactions and characteristics of a common element, as well as its location in particular
reactions. Each sort of reaction has unique features that may be determined by observing the changes
that occur after the reaction has happened and applying theoretical equations. The distinction between
theoretical knowledge and practical knowledge in everyday life is clearly obvious. In addition, we
taught about chemical processes, how to conduct experiments safely, and how to utilize laboratory
equipment.

END.
 International University, Vietnam National University - HCMC 7
CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

REPORT
EXPERIMENT 2: pH AND BUFFERS

Group: ______________ Class: ______________ Date: ____________

Group members:

Full name Student ID Declaration of Contribution Signature

Total score: _______/100

 International University, Vietnam National University - HCMC 8
CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

Part 1. Introduction
(Introduce the general background and summarize the aims/objectives of the experiment)

Part 2. Materials and Methods

(Summarize the experimental design/structure of your experiment)

Part 3. Results and Discussion

1. pH OF DEIONIZED WATER
Observed pH
Time
1st 2nd Discussion
(second)
(Group___) (Group___)
0
20
40
60

2. pH OF STRONG ACID
Measured pH
Theoretical 1st
Solution 2nd Discussion
pH (Group___
(Group____)
)

10 mL of 0.1M HCl

Add 90 mL of distilled
water

Add 10 mL of
0.1M NaOH

Add 90 mL of
0.01M NaOH
Calculation:
 International University, Vietnam National University - HCMC 9
CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

3. pH OF WEAK ACID
Measured pH
Solution 1st 2nd Ka Discussion
(Group___) (Group____)

0.1M acetic acid

0.01M acetic acid

0.001M acetic acid

Calculation:

4. pH OF SALTS
Measured pH
Predicted
Solution 1st 2nd Discussion
pH
(Group____) (Group____)
0.1M NaCl

0.1M CH3COONa

0.1M NH4Cl

Calculation:

5. pH OF BUFFERS
Buffer Volume Volume (mL) Acid Base Calculated Measured pH
(mL) 0.1M 0.1M pH 1st 2nd
 International University, Vietnam National University - HCMC 10
CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

(Group__) (Group__)
CH3COOH CH3COONa
A 10.0 40.0

B 40.0 10.0
Calculation pH:

Discussion:

 Part I: Addition of 10 drops 0.1 M HCl

pH from pH after Total volume HCl (drops)
Buffer the start, adding 10 to change pH by one unit Discussion
pHo drops HCl (pHo-1)
A

 Part II: Addition of 10 drops 0.1 M NaOH

pH from pH after Total volume NaOH
Buffer the start, adding 10 (drops) to change pH by Discussion
pHo drops NaOH one unit (pHo+1)

Part 4. Conclusions

END.
 International University, Vietnam National University - HCMC 11
CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

REPORT
EXPERIMENT 3: REDOX TITRATION

Group: ______________ Class: ______________ Date: ____________

Group members:

Full name Student ID Declaration of Contribution Signature

Total score: _______/100

 International University, Vietnam National University - HCMC 12
CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

Part 1. Introduction
(Introduce the general background and summarize the aims/objectives of the experiment)

Part 2. Materials and Methods

(Summarize the experimental design/structure of your experiment)

Part 3. Results and Discussion

1. STANDARDIZATION OF PREPARED KMnO4 SOLUTION
Calculation:
Normality of the standard H2C2O4 solution, N(H2C2O4) = ___________________

Volume of the standard H2C2O4 solution used, V(H2C2O4) = ___________________

Trial
Burette reading (mL) Volume of KMnO4 (mL) Normality of KMnO4 (N)
#

1 -

2 -

Average Normality of KMnO4 = ____________

Discussion:

2. DETERMINATION OF UNKNOWN CONCENTRATION H2C2O4 SOLUTION

Calculation:
Normality of the standard KMnO4 solution, N(KMnO4) = ___________________

Volume of the unknown H2C2O4 solution used, V(H2C2O4) = ___________________

 International University, Vietnam National University - HCMC 13
CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

Trial
Burette reading (mL) Volume of KMnO4 (mL) Normality of H2C2O4 (N)
#

1 -

2 -

Average Normality of H2C2O4 = ____________

Discussion:

3. DETERMINATION OF UNKNOWN CONCENTRATION FeSO4 SOLUTION

Calculation:
Normality of the standard KMnO4 solution, N(KMnO4) = ___________________
Volume of the unknown FeSO4 solution used, V(FeSO4) = ___________________

Trial
Burette reading (mL) Volume of KMnO4 (mL) Normality of FeSO4 (N)
#

1 -

2 -

Average Normality of FeSO4 = ____________

Discussion:

Part 4. Conclusions

END.
 International University, Vietnam National University - HCMC 14
CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

REPORT
EXPERIMENT 4: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM

Group: ______________ Class: ______________ Date: ____________

Group members:

Full name Student ID Declaration of Contribution Signature

Total score: _______/100

 International University, Vietnam National University - HCMC 15
CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

Part 1. Introduction
(Introduce the general background and summarize the aims/objectives of the experiment)

Part 2. Materials and Methods

(Summarize the experimental design/structure of your experiment)

Part 3. Results and Discussion

1. ACID/BASE EQUILIBRIA

Equilibrium System: 2CrO42 + 2H+ (aq) ⇌ Cr2O72 + H2O(l)

Description of Predicted
Observation Discussion
conditions outcome

Initial solution

+ Conc. HCl

+ 6 N NaOH

Note:

2. EQUILIBRIA OF ACID/BASE INDICATORS

Equilibrium System: H(MV)(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + MV(aq)

Addition Predicted
Observation Discussion
outcome
 International University, Vietnam National University - HCMC 16
CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

None (control)

6 M HCl

6 M NaOH

6 M HCl

Note:

3. EQUILIBRIA OF PRECIPITATION REACTIONS

Equilibrium System: Ca2+(aq) + C2O42(aq) ⇌ CaC2O4(s)

Predicted
Addition Observation Discussion
outcome

Test tube 1:

0.1 M Na2C2O4

Test tube 2:

+ 0.1 M
H2C2O4

Test tube 2:

+ 6 M HCl

Test tube 2:

+ 6 M NH4OH

Note:
 International University, Vietnam National University - HCMC 17
CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

4. TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON EQUILIBRIA

Equilibrium System: Co(H2O)62+(aq) + 4Cl(aq) ⇌ CoCl42(aq) + 6H2O(l)

Description of Predicted
Observation Discussion
conditions outcome

Nothing changed

(control)

Hot water bath

Ice-water bath

Note:

Part 4. Conclusions

END.
 International University, Vietnam National University - HCMC 18
CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

REPORT
EXPERIMENT 5: FACTORS AFFECTING
REACTION RATE

Group: ______________ Class: ______________ Date: ____________

Group members:

Full name Student ID Declaration of Contribution Signature

Total score: _______/100

 International University, Vietnam National University - HCMC 19
CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

Part 1. Introduction
(Introduce the general background and summarize the aims/objectives of the experiment)

Part 2. Materials and Methods

(Summarize the experimental design/structure of your experiment)

Part 3. Results and Discussion

1. EFFECT OF CONCENTRATION ON REACTION TIME
Reaction 1: __________________________________________________
Reaction 2: __________________________________________________
Calculate the initial concentrations of I- and S2O82- ions:
Mixture # 5:
[I-] =

[S2O82-] =

Mixture Iodide ion Peroxydisulfate Time in seconds

1 0.08 0.04
2 0.068 0.04
3 0.056 0.04
4 0.044 0.04
5 0.032 0.04
6 0.02 0.04
Mixture Iodide ion Peroxydisulfate Time in seconds
7 0.08 0.034
8 0.08 0.028
9 0.08 0.022
10 0.08 0.016
11 0.08 0.01

Plotting the concentration of iodide ion versus time: [Note: X – axis: time; Y – axis: concentrations].
 International University, Vietnam National University - HCMC 20
CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

* Mixtures # 1-6:
- Graph

- The order of reaction with respect to iodide ion?

- Discussion:

* Mixtures # 1, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11:

- Graph

- The order of reaction with respect to iodide ion?

- Discussion:

2. EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE REACTION RATE

Reaction System:

Description of Predicted Reaction

Observation Discussion
conditions outcome time

Room
temperature

500C

900C

Note:
 International University, Vietnam National University - HCMC 21
CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

3. EFFECT OF A CATALYST ON THE REACTION RATE

Reaction System:

Description of Predicted Observation

Trial Discussion
conditions outcome (Reaction rate)

1 + MnCl2

2 + MnO2

3 + NaCl

4 + CaCl2

5 + Zn

6 + KNO3

7 + Fe(NO3)3

The order of catalyst activity:

Note:

Part 4. Conclusions

END.