DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CCS372 VIRTUALIZATION

REGULATION 2021
 LABORATORY RECORD

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……………………………………………. Register number ………………………………..

in the ……………………………………………laboratory in the ……………….Semester.

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 INDEX

EX PAGE
NO. DATE NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT NO. SIGNATURE
 INDEX

EX DATE NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT PAGE SIGNATURE

NO. NO
Ex.1: Create type 2 virtualization in VMWARE or any equivalent Open Source Tool. Allocate
memory and storage space as per requirement. Install Guest OS on that VMWARE

Aim:

To find the procedure to run VM of different configuration and Allocate memory and
storage space as per requirement .

Procedure:

Step 1: Download and Install VMware Workstation Player

Step 2: Create a New Virtual Machine

Open VMware Workstation Player

Click on "Create a New Virtual Machine" or go to File > New Virtual Machine

Step 3: Virtual Machine Configuration Wizard

The Virtual machine configuration Wizard will appear. Choose “Typical” configuration and
click “Next”.

Step 4: Install Guest Operating System.

  Choose the installation method for the guest OS. You can either install from a disc or
image file (ISO) or choose to install later. If you have the ISO file for your guest OS, select it
during this step

 Click “Next”

Step 5: Enter Guest OS Details

 Enter the name of your virtual machine and choose the location where you want to save
it.

 Select the appropriate guest operating system and version. For example, if you are
installing Windows 10, choose "Windows" as the guest OS and "Windows 10 x64" as the version.

 Click "Next."

Step 6: Configure Virtual Machine Hardware

 Allocate memory: Choose how much RAM you want to allocate to the virtual machine.
Make sure to leave enough memory for your host OS to run smoothly as well.

 Allocate storage: Choose whether to store the virtual disk as a single file or split into
multiple files. Specify the disk size, and you can also choose to allocate all disk space now or let it
grow as needed.
  Click "Next."

Step 7: Customize Hardware (Optional)

 If needed, you can customize the virtual machine's hardware settings like CPU cores,
network adapters, graphics memory, etc. Otherwise, you can leave them as default.

 Click "Finish" once you are satisfied with the settings.

Step 8: Install Guest OS

 Start the virtual machine you just created. The virtual machine will boot from the ISO or
installation media you provided earlier.

 Follow the standard installation process for your guest OS. Step 9: Install VMware Tools
(Optional but Recommended)

 After installin/ g the guest OS, it is advisable to install VMware Tools within the guest
OS. VMware Tools provides better integration between the host and guest OS, enabling features
like shared folders, improved graphics, and more.

In the same way, we can install windows OS also. The output screens for the virtual
machines of different configurations.

Output:

(i)Ubuntu Operating System in Virtual Machine

ii)Windows7 Operating System in Virtual Machine

Result:
 EX 2(a): Shrink and Extend Virtual Disk

Aim:

To find the procedure of Shrink a virtual disk involves reducing its size to reclaim unused
space and extend a virtual disk allows you to increase its size to accommodate more data.

Procedure:

Shrink a Virtual Disk:

Step1: Inside the virtual machine, delete unnecessary files and empty the recycle bin/trash to free
up space.

Step 2: Defragment the virtual machine's disk to move all the data to the beginning of the disk.

Step 3: Shutdown the virtual machine.

Step 4: On the host system, open the virtualization software

Step 5: Navigate to the virtual machine's settings or configuration.

Step 6: Select the virtual disk you want to shrink.

Step 7: Look for an option to shrink or compact the disk and follow the prompts.

Step 8: The process might take some time, and it's essential to back up your virtual machine before
proceeding, as data loss can occur in some cases.

Extend Virtual Disk:

Step 1: Shutdown the virtual machine.

Step 2: On the host system, open the virtualization software (e.g., VMware, VirtualBox).

Step 3: Navigate to the virtual machine's settings or configuration.

Step 4: Select the virtual disk you want to extend.

Step 5: Look for an option to increase or extend the disk and follow the prompts.

Step 6: Specify the new size for the virtual disk (make sure to allocate enough space for your
needs).

Step 7: The process might take some time, and it's crucial to back up your virtual machine before
proceeding, as extending the disk involves modifying theunderlying file system.
Output:
Result:
 Ex 2(b): Create, Manage, Configure and schedule snapshots

Aim:

To find the procedure of Creating, managing, configuring, and scheduling snapshots is a

fundamental part of virtual machine management.

Procedure:

Step 1: Creating a Snapshot: To create a snapshot, follow these steps:

a. Select the virtual machine in the management interface (e.g., vSphere Client).

b. Right-click on the virtual machine and choose "Snapshot" or "Take Snapshot."

c. Provide a name and description for the snapshot.

d. Optionally, select the memory state to capture the virtual machine's running state
(requires the virtual machine to be powered off).

e. Click "OK" to create the snapshot.

Step 2: Managing Snapshots: Managing snapshots involves tasks such as viewing, reverting,
deleting, and consolidating snapshots.

a. Viewing Snapshots: To see the list of snapshots for a virtual machine, navigate to the
"Snapshots" tab in the virtual machine's details.

b. Reverting to a Snapshot: To revert a virtual machine to a specific snapshot, right-click on

the snapshot and choose "Revert to Snapshot." This action will roll back the virtual machine to the
state captured in the selected snapshot.

c. Deleting Snapshots: To delete a snapshot, right-click on the snapshot and choose "Delete
Snapshot." You can choose to delete the snapshot only or delete the snapshot and consolidate its
changes into the base virtual machine disk.

d. Consolidating Snapshots: If you have multiple snapshots, you can perform a "Snapshot
Consolidation" to merge all snapshots into the base disk. This helps to reduce storage requirements
and improves performance.

Step 3: Configuring Snapshot Settings: The snapshot settings allow you to define how snapshots
are managed and stored.

a. Snapshot Location: Configure the location where snapshot files are stored, which can be
on the same data store as the virtual machine or on a different storage location.
 b. Snapshot Quiescent: Enable or disable the use of VMware Tools to quiesce the file
system inside the virtual machine before taking a snapshot. This helps ensure application
consistency during the snapshot.

Step 4: Scheduling Snapshots: Some virtualization platforms allow you to schedule snapshots to be
taken automatically at specific intervals.

a. Scheduled Snapshots: Navigate to the virtual machine's settings, find the "Snapshot
Schedule" option, and configure the frequency and retention policy for automatic snapshots.

Output:
Result:
 Ex.3(a) Create Spanned, Mirrored and Striped volume

Aim:

To find the procedure of create spanned,mirrored and striped volume.

Procedure :

Step 1: How to create a spanned volume:

a. Right-click on "This PC" or "My Computer" and select "Manage."

b. In the Computer Management window, click on "Disk Management" under "Storage" in

the left pane.

c. Identify the disks you want to use in the spanned volume. They should be unallocated or
have empty space available.

d. Right-click on the first disk and choose "New Spanned Volume."

e. Follow the on-screen instructions to select additional disks and allocate space for the
spanned volume.

f. Assign a drive letter or mount point to the new volume and format it with a file system.

Step 2: How to create a mirrored volume:

a. Follow steps a to c from the spanned volume creation process to open Disk Management.

b. Right-click on one of the disks you want to use in the mirror and choose "New Mirrored
Volume."

c. Select the additional disk(s) to mirror the first disk, and then allocate space for the
mirrored volume.

d. Assign a drive letter or mount point to the new volume and format it with a file system.

e. Windows will start the synchronization process, where data is copied from the source disk
to the mirror disk(s).

Step 3: How to create a striped volume:

a. Follow steps a to c from the spanned volume creation process to open Disk Management.

b. Right-click on one of the disks you want to use in the stripe and choose "New Striped
Volume."
 c. Select the additional disk(s) to include in the stripe, and then allocate space for the
striped volume.

d. Assign a drive letter or mount point to the new volume and format it with a file system .

Output:
Result:
 .3(b): Create RAID 5 Volume

Aim:

To find the procedure to create RAID 5 Volume.

Procedure:

Step 1: Backup Data: Before creating the RAID 5 volume, back up all your critical data to ensure
it is safe in case of any unforeseen issues.

Step 2: Initialize and Convert Disks to Dynamic: If your disks are currently basic disks, you need
to convert them to dynamic disks to create a RAID 5 volume. Follow these steps:

a. Right-click on "This PC" or "My Computer" and select "Manage."

b. In the Computer Management window, click on "Disk Management" under "Storage" in

the left pane.

c. Identify the disks you want to use in the RAID 5 array. They should be unallocated or
have empty space available.

d. Right-click on each disk and select "Convert to Dynamic Disk." Repeat this for all the
disks you want to include in the RAID 5 array.

Step 3: Create the RAID 5 Volume: Once you have converted the disks to dynamic, you can
proceed to create the RAID 5 volume:

a. Right-click on one of the disks you want to use in the RAID 5 array.

b. Select "New Spanned Volume."

c. Follow the on-screen instructions to select the other disks you want to include in the
RAID 5 array. There should be at least three disks in total.

d. Allocate the desired amount of space for the RAID 5 volume. RAID 5 requires a
minimum of three disks, and the volume size will be the total capacity of all disks minus one disk's
worth of space. For example, if you have three 1TB disks, the RAID 5 volume will have a total
capacity of 2TB.

e. Assign a drive letter or mount point to the new RAID 5 volume and format it with a file
system.

Step 4: Initialize and Format the RAID 5 Volume: After creating the RAID 5 volume, you need to
initialize and format it:

a. When prompted, initialize the disks using the default partition style (usually GPT).
 b. Format the RAID 5 volume with your desired file system (e.g., NTFS) and assign a drive
letter or mount point.

Output:

Result:
 Ex.4(a): Desktop Virtualization using VNC

Aim:

To find the procedure of Desktop Virtualization using VNC.

Procedure:

Step 1: Install VNC Server.

Step 2: Configure VNC Server: After installing the VNC server, you'll need to configure it by
setting a password or access control options to secure the remote access. Ensure that the VNC
server is running and ready to accept incoming connections.

Step 3: Install VNC Viewer.

Step 4: Connect to the Remote Desktop: Launch the VNC viewer and enter the IP address or host
name of the remote computer (the host) you want to connect to. If you have configured a password
or access control options on the VNC server, you will be prompted to enter the credentials. Once
authenticated, the VNC viewer establishes a connection to the remote desktop.

Step 5: Control the Remote Desktop: After the connection is established, you will see the remote
desktop environment displayed in the VNC viewer. You can now interact with the remote desktop
as if you were physically sitting in front of 17 it. You can run applications, access files, and
perform any tasks on the remote computer just as if you were using it directly.

Output:
Result:
 Ex.4(b) Desktop Virtualization using Chrome Remote Desktop

Aim:

To find the procedure for Desktop Virtualization using Chrome Remote Desktop.

Procedure:

Step 1: Install Chrome Remote Desktop Extension: Make sure you have the Google Chrome web
browser installed on both the computer you want to access remotely (the host) and the computer or
device you want to use for remote access (the client). Install the "Chrome Remote Desktop"
extension from the Chrome Web Store on both devices.

Step 2: Set Up Host Computer (Computer to be Accessed):

a. Open Google Chrome on the host computer.

b. In the address bar, type "chrome://apps" and press Enter.

c. Click on the "Chrome Remote Desktop" icon to open the application.

d. Follow the on-screen instructions to grant necessary permissions and set up remote access
for the host computer.

e. Create a secure PIN to use for remote access authentication.

Step 3: Access Host Computer (Client Device):

a. Open Google Chrome on the client device (the computer or device from which you want
to access the host computer remotely).

b. In the address bar, type "remotedesktop.google.com/access" and press Enter.

c. Click on the "Access" button under the "Remote Access" section.

d. Sign in with your Google Account (the same account used on the host computer).

Step 4: Choose the Host Computer:

a. After signing in, you should see a list of available computers set up for remote access.
Choose the host computer you want to access.

Step 5: Authenticate and Connect:

a. If you have set up a PIN for the host computer, you will be prompted to enter it to
authenticate the remote access.

b. Once authenticated, the remote connection will be established, and you will see the host
computer's desktop in the Chrome browser window.
Step 6: Control the Host Computer

a. You can now interact with the host computer's desktop through the Chrome browser on
your client device. Use your mouse and keyboard to control the remote desktop.

b. To switch between full-screen and windowed mode, click the "Toggle full screen" button
on the top right corner of the remote desktop window.

Step 7: End the Remote Session: To end the remote session, click the "Stop Sharing" button at the
bottom of the remote desktop window.

Output:

Result:
 Ex.5 Create type 2 virtualization on ESXI 6.5 server

Aim:

To gind the procedure to create type 2 virtualization on ESXI 6.5 server.

Procedure:

Step 1: Install ESXi 6.5: First, you need to install VMware ESXi 6.5 on your server.

Step 2: Access ESXi Web Client: Once ESXi is installed and running, access the ESXi Web Client
through a web browser on a separate computer. Enter the IP address or hostname of your ESXi
server to log in to the management interface.

Step 3: Create a Virtual Machine: To create a virtual machine within ESXi, follow these steps:

a. In the ESXi Web Client, navigate to the "Hosts and Clusters" view.

b. Select your ESXi server from the list of hosts.

c. Click on the "Create/Register VM" button or right-click on the host and choose "New
Virtual Machine."

d. The "Create New Virtual Machine" wizard will appear. Follow the steps in the wizard to
configure the virtual machine, including providing a name, selecting the guest operating system,
setting the desired resources (CPU, 21 memory, disk space, etc.), and selecting a storage location
for the virtual machine files. e. Finish the wizard, and the virtual machine will be created.

Step 4: Install Guest Operating System: Once the virtual machine is created, you can power it on
and install the guest operating system of your choice (e.g., Windows, Linux, etc.) using an ISO
image or CD/DVD.

Step 5: Access and Manage the Virtual Machine: After the guest operating system is installed, you
can access the virtual machine through the VMware Remote Console (VMRC) or use remote access
tools like VNC or RDP to interact with the guest operating system.
Output:

Result:
 Ex.6: Create a VLAN in CISCO packet tracer

Aim:

To create a VLAN in CISCO packet tracer.

Procedure:

Step 1: Launch Cisco Packet Tracer: Start Cisco Packet Tracer and open a new or existing project.

Step 2: Add Switches: Drag and drop switches from the "Switches" section of the "Devices" pane
onto the workspace. You can use any Cisco switch model available in Packet Tracer. 23

Step 3: Connect Switches: Connect the switches using Ethernet cables. Click on the Ethernet
interfaces of the switches and then click on the other switch's Ethernet interfaces to create
connections.

Step 4: Access the CLI: Double-click on the first switch to access its CLI (Command Line
Interface). The CLI window will open.

Step 5: Configure VLANs: Enter the configuration mode by typing the following command:

enable

configure terminal

Step 6: Create VLANs: To create VLANs, use the vlan command followed by the VLAN number.
For example, to create VLAN 10 and VLAN 20, you would do:

vlan 10

vlan 20

Step 7: Assign Ports to VLANs: To assign ports to VLANs, use the interface command followed
by the port number and then the switchport access vlan command. For example, to assign port 1 to
VLAN 10 and port 2 to VLAN 20, you would do:

interface FastEthernet0/1

switchport mode access

switchport access vlan 10

interface FastEthernet0/2

switchport mode access

switchport access vlan 20

Step 8: Exit Configuration Mode: After assigning VLANs to the desired ports, exit the
configuration mode by typing exit.

Step 9: Save Configuration: Save the configuration by typing write or copy running-config startup-
config to make sure the changes are saved.

Step 10: Test VLANs: Now that you have created VLANs and assigned ports, you can test the
connectivity between devices connected to the switches. Devices in the same VLAN should be able
to communicate with each other, while devices in different VLANs should not have direct
communication unless you configure inter-VLAN routing.

Output:

Result:
 Ex.7.Install KVM in Linux

Aim:

To find the procedure to install KVM in Linux.

Procedure:

Step 1: Check Hardware Support: Before installing KVM, ensure that your system's CPU supports
hardware virtualization extensions (Intel VT-x or AMD V). You can check this by running the
following command:

egrep -c '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo

If the output is greater than zero (1 or more), it means your CPU supports hardware virtualization.

Step 2: Install KVM Packages: The package names may vary depending on your Linux distribution.
Here are the package names for some popular distributions:

For Ubuntu/Debian:

sudo apt update

sudo apt install qemu-kvm libvirt-daemon-system libvirt-clients bridge utils virt-

manager

For CentOS/RHEL:

sudo yum install qemu-kvm libvirt virt-install bridge-utils

sudo systemctl enable libvirtd

sudo systemctl start libvirtd

For Fedora:

sudo dnf install @virtualization

sudo systemctl enable libvirtd

sudo systemctl start libvirtd

Step 3: Verify Installation: After installing the required packages, check if KVM kernel modules
are loaded correctly:

lsmod | grep kvm

The output should show kvm and kvm_intel or kvm_amd modules loaded, depending on your CPU.
Step 4: Configure Permissions: For non-root users to manage virtual machines using KVM, add
them to the libvirt group:

sudo usermod -aG libvirt

Remember to log out and log back in for the changes to take effect.

Step 5: Enable Nested Virtualization (Optional): If you plan to run virtual machines with nested
virtualization (e.g., running KVM inside a KVM guest), you may need to enable nested
virtualization on the host. This step is only required if you intend to run virtual machines with
KVM as guests.

For Intel CPUs:

echo "options kvm-intel nested=1" | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/kvm intel.conf

sudo modprobe -r kvm_intel

sudo modprobe kvm_intel

For AMD CPUs:

echo "options kvm-amd nested=1" | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/kvm amd.conf

sudo modprobe -r kvm_amd

sudo modprobe kvm_amd

Step 6: Install and Configure Virt-Manager (Optional): Virt-Manager is a graphical user interface
tool to manage virtual machines using KVM. If you prefer a GUI interface, you can install Virt-
Manager:

For Ubuntu/Debian:

sudo apt install virt-manager

For CentOS/RHEL:

sudo yum install virt-manager

For Fedora:

sudo dnf install virt-manager

Once the installation is complete, you can start creating and managing virtual machines using
KVM. You can use command-line tools like virsh or a graphical interface like Virt-Manager to
interact with KVM.
Output:

Resu;lt:
 Ex.8: Create Nested Virtual Machine(VM under another VM)

Aim:

To find the procedure to create Nested Virtual Machine(VM under another VM)

Procedure:

Step 1: Enable Nested Virtualization: Before creating a nested VM, ensure nested virtualization is
enabled on the host VM (the VM that will run other VMs). For VirtualBox: Open VirtualBox and
select the host VM from the list. Go to "Settings" > "System" > "Processor" and check the "Enable
Nested VT-x/AMD-V" option.

Step 2: Install an Operating System in the Host VM: Ensure you have an operating system
installed in the host VM. This will be the environment in which you'll run the nested VMs.

Step 3: Install VirtualBox within the Host VM: Inside the host VM, download and install
VirtualBox (or any other virtualization software you prefer) as if you were installing it on a
physical machine.

Step 4: Create the Nested VM: Now that you have VirtualBox installed within the host VM, you
can create a new VM inside it.

a. Open VirtualBox within the host VM.

b. Click on "New" to create a new VM.

c. Follow the VM creation wizard to set up the nested VM, including selecting the guest
operating system, allocating memory, creating a virtual hard disk, etc.

Step 4: Install the Guest Operating System in the Nested VM: With the nested VM created, start it
and install the guest operating system, just as you would with any regular VM installation.

Step 5; Configure Networking (Optional): Depending on your requirements, you may need to
configure the networking of the nested VM to allow communication with other VMs or external
networks.

Step 6: Use the Nested VM: Once the nested VM is set up and the guest operating system is
installed, you can use it just like any other VM. Install applications, run tests, or perform any tasks
within the nested VM.
Output:

Result: