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Dynamics

Dynamics is the branch of mechanics that studies bodies in motion, divided into kinematics, which focuses on motion without considering forces, and kinetics, which relates forces to mass and acceleration. The document provides essential formulas for displacement, velocity, and acceleration, along with example problems involving rectilinear motion and variable acceleration. Additionally, it discusses motion curves and includes problems related to automobile and train motion, emphasizing the calculation of time, distance, and speed.

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6 views

Dynamics

Dynamics is the branch of mechanics that studies bodies in motion, divided into kinematics, which focuses on motion without considering forces, and kinetics, which relates forces to mass and acceleration. The document provides essential formulas for displacement, velocity, and acceleration, along with example problems involving rectilinear motion and variable acceleration. Additionally, it discusses motion curves and includes problems related to automobile and train motion, emphasizing the calculation of time, distance, and speed.

Uploaded by

theprocess216
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dynamics- is the branch of mechanics which deals with the study of bodies in motion.

Two branches of dynamics:


1. Kinematics- is used to define motion of a particle or a body without consideration of the forces
causing the motion. It essentially deals with relation between displacement (S), velocity (V), and
acceleration (a).
2. Kinetics- is used to relate the force acting on a body to its mass and acceleration. When
acceleration of a body caused by the forces acting on it has been determined, the principles of
kinematics may be now be applied to determine the displacement or velocity at any instant.
Important formulas for the principles of dynamics are as follows:

1. Displacement (S) = Velocity (V) x time (t)


2. Acceleration (a) = velocity (V) / time (t)
3. V = Vo ± at , where a= 9.81m/s2 or 32.2ft/s2 ( direction going forward or backward )
V = Vo + gt ( direction going down )
V = Vo –gt ( direction going up)
4. S = Vo (t) ± ½ at2 ( direction going forward or backward )
S = Vo (t) + ½ gt2 ( direction going down )
S = Vo (t) - ½ gt2 ( direction going up)
5. V2 = Vo2 ± 2aS ( direction going forward or backward )
V2 = Vo2 + 2gS ( direction going down )
V2 = Vo2 – 2gS ( direction going up)

Example problems for rectilinear motion with constant acceleration for free falling bodies, air
resistance neglected.
1. On a certain stretch of track, trains run at 60kph. How far back of a stopped train should a warning
torpedo be placed to signal an on coming train? Assume that the brakes are applied at once and
retard the train at the uniform rate of 2ft/s2.
2. A stone is thrown vertically upward and returns to ground in 10 secs.
a. What was its initial Velocity?
b. How high did it go?
c. At what time did it travel until it reaches the highest point?
3. A ball is dropped from the top of a tower 80ft. high at the same instant that a second ball is thrown
upward from the ground with an initial velocity of 40ft/s.
a. When do they pass each other?
b. Where do they pass each other?
c. With what relative velocity will they pass?
4. A ball is dropped down a well and 5 seconds later the sound of the splash is heard. If the velocity of
sound is 330m/s,
a. What is the depth of the well?
b. What is the time for the ball to reach the water surface?
c. What is the time for the sound to travel the distance equal to the depth of the well.
5. A stone is dropped from a balloon at an elevation of 300m. Two seconds later another stone is
projected vertically upward from the ground with a velocity of 75m/s.
a. When will the stones pass each other?
b. Where will the stones pass each other from the ground.
c. Compute the time travelled by the stone from the ground until they pass each other.
Rectilinear motion with variable acceleration

With equation of Displacement (S) given, to get the value of velocity, get the derivative of the equation of
displacement (S), and to get the value of acceleration (a) get the derivative of equation of velocity (V).

With the equation of acceleration(a) is given, to get the value of velocity(V), get the integral of the accelartion
(a), and to get the value of the displacement (S), get the integral of the equation of velocity (V).

1. When displacement (S) is given in terms of time (t). If S=4t + 3t3 .


a. Find (S) after 2secs.
b. Find (V) after 2secs.
c. Find (a) after 2 secs.
2. When acceleration(a) is express in terms of time(t). If a=2t, S=4m & V=2m/s, when t=1sec.
a. Find (a).
b. Find (S), t=2s
c. Find (V), t=2s
3. The motion of a particle is given by the equation S=2t4 - ⅙ t3 + 2t2, where S is in meter and t in secs.
a. Compute distance when t=2secs.
b. Compute Velocity when t=2secs.
c. Compute acceleration when t=2secs.
4. A particle moves in a straight line according to the law S=t3 -40t, where S is in meter & t in secs.
a. Compute velocity when t=5secs.
b. Find the average velocity during the 4th secs.
c. When the particle again comes to rest, what is its acceleration?
5. The motion of a particle is governed by the relation a=4t2, where a is in m/s2 & t is in secs. When t=0,
V=2m/s & S=4m.
a. Find the V when t=2s.
b. Find the S when t=2s.
c. Find the acceleration when t=2s.
Motion Curves

In motion curves, we will concentrate in making the drawing diagram of acceleration, velocity and distance
diagram.

Where the value of the velocity (V) will be computed by solving the area of the acceleration diagram
corresponds to the velocity related in it.

Where the value of the Distance (D) will be computed by solving the area of the velocity diagram corresponds to
the distance related in it.

1. An automobile starting from rest speeds up to 12m/s, with a constant acceleration of 1.2m/s 2, runs at fast
speed for sometime, and finally comes to rest with a deceleration of 1.5m/s2. If the total distance travelled is
300m. Find the total time required.
2. An automobile is to travel a distance from A to B of 540m in exactly 40s. The auto accelerates and
decelerates at 1.8m/s2, starting from rest at A and coming to rest at B. Find the maximum speed.

3. A train travels between two stations 792m apart in a minimum time of 41 seconds. If the train accelerates
and decelerates at 2.4m/s2, starting from rest at the first station and coming to a stop at the second station.
What is the maximum speed? How long does it travel at this top speed?

4. A car starts from rest and reaches a speed of 48m/s in 15 secs. The acceleration increases from zero
uniformly with time for the first 6secs after which it remain constant.
a. What is the constant acceleration?
b. What is the velocity after 6secs?
c. Distance travelled in 15 secs.

5. A train starts from rest at station A and stops at station B which is 10km from A. The max acceleration of the
train is 15km/hr/min and the max deceleration when the brakes are applied is 10km/hr/min. If the
maximum allowable speed is 60kph.
a. What is the least time that the train can go from A to B?
b. Distance travelled 4min after it starts from A?
c. Distance travelled 9min after it starts from A?

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