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Humna Hanif (SP25 BSE 015)

The document discusses the influence of Shariah on a Muslim's daily life, outlining the five main categories of behavior in Islamic Law: Fard (obligatory), Mustahabb (recommended), Mubah (permissible), Makruh (disliked), and Haram (forbidden). Each category has specific examples and consequences for following or ignoring them, emphasizing the importance of adhering to Shariah for spiritual, social, and economic well-being. Overall, Shariah serves as a comprehensive guide for Muslims in their daily actions and interactions.

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13 views5 pages

Humna Hanif (SP25 BSE 015)

The document discusses the influence of Shariah on a Muslim's daily life, outlining the five main categories of behavior in Islamic Law: Fard (obligatory), Mustahabb (recommended), Mubah (permissible), Makruh (disliked), and Haram (forbidden). Each category has specific examples and consequences for following or ignoring them, emphasizing the importance of adhering to Shariah for spiritual, social, and economic well-being. Overall, Shariah serves as a comprehensive guide for Muslims in their daily actions and interactions.

Uploaded by

kainathanif658
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ASSIGNMENT # 02

Submitted to:
Mam. Afia Afzaal

Submitted by:
Humna Hanif Shahid

Registration no:
SP25-BSE-015-1-A

Subject:
Islamic Studies

Date of Submission:
30/03/25
Question# 01:

How does Shariah influence a Muslim's daily life, and what are the consequences of
following or ignoring the five main categories of behavior in Islamic Law (Fardi, Mustahabb,
Mubah, Makruh, and Haram)? Explain with examples

Shariah

In Islam, Shariah (Islamic law) governs all aspects of a Muslim's life, providing divine
guidance on permissible and impermissible actions. It is based on the teachings of the Quran
and the Hadith. The five main categories of behavior in Islamic law (al-Ahkam al-Khamsa)
classify actions based on their religious and moral implications. These categories are:

The Five Categories of Behavior in Islamic Law:

1. Fard (Obligatory)

Definition: Compulsory Actions, performing them earns a reward, while neglecting


them is sinful.

Examples:

• Salah (Prayer): The five daily prayers are Fard al-Ayn (individual
obligation). Missing them without a valid excuse is a major sin.
• Fasting during Ramadan: Required for every able Muslim; skipping it
without reason demands makeup (Qadha) or expiation (Kaffarah).
• Zakat (Almsgiving): Mandatory for those who meet the wealth threshold
(Nisab), withholding it is a grave offense.
• Hajj (Pilgrimage): Obligatory for those physically and financially capable
once in a lifetime.

Consequences:

• Following: Ensures Allah’s pleasure, forgiveness, and entry into Paradise.


• Ignoring: Leads to divine punishment, spiritual decline, and societal
imbalance (e.g., neglecting Zakat increases poverty).
2. Mustahabb (Recommended)

Definition: Acts that are encouraged but not obligatory, rewarded if performed, but
no sin if omitted.

Examples:

• Sunnah Prayers: Additional prayers before/after Fard prayers


(e.g., Tahajjud at night).
• Charity (Sadaqah): Voluntary giving beyond Zakat, such as feeding the poor.
• Dhikr (Remembrance of Allah): Reciting Subhan Allah, Alhamdulillah,
Allahu Akbar daily.
• Smiling and Good Manners: Kindness to neighbors and family is highly
encouraged.

Consequences:

• Following: Increases blessings, elevates rank in Paradise, and purifies the


soul.
• Ignoring: No sin, but a Muslim misses opportunities for spiritual growth.

3. Mubah (Permissible)

Definition: Neutral actions, neither rewarded nor punished.

Examples:

• Eating and Drinking (Halal food): Consuming permissible foods like fruits,
vegetables, and grains.
• Choosing a Profession: Working in lawful jobs (e.g., trade, teaching,
medicine).
• Recreational Activities: Playing sports, traveling, or resting (unless they are
distracted from obligations).
Consequences:

• Following/Not Following: No religious impact, but intention (Niyyah) can


turn Mubah into worship (e.g., eating to gain strength for prayer).

4. Makruh (Disliked)

Definition: Avoiding actions that are discouraged but not sinful is better.

Examples:

• Excessive Talking: Gossip without backbiting (Gheebah) is Makruh.


• Sleeping after Fajr: Wastes productive time, though not sinful.
• Eating Raw Garlic Before the Mosque: Discouraged due to the strong odor
affecting others.
• Divorce Without Reason: Permissible but highly disliked.

Consequences:

• Avoiding: Gains Allah’s favor and prevents slipping into Haram.


• Doing: No sin, but repeated indulgence may lead to Haram (e.g., gossip
leading to slander).

5. Haram (Forbidden)

Definition: Prohibited actions; committing them is sinful, avoiding them is rewarded.

Examples:

• Major Sins (Kaba’ir):

o Shirk (Associating partners with Allah) is the Worst sin, it nullifies faith
if done intentionally.
o Murder, Theft, and Adultery/Zina are Criminal acts with severe worldly
and Hereafter punishments.
o Riba (Interest) is forbidden in financial transactions.
o Consuming Alcohol/Pork Impairs judgment and purity.
• Minor Haram Acts:

o Lying, Backbiting, and Breaking Promises damage trust and spirituality.

Consequences:

• Avoiding: Earns Allah’s mercy and protection from Hellfire.

Committing:

• In This Life: Leads to guilt, societal harm, and legal penalties (e.g., theft
hand amputation in Islamic law).
• In the Hereafter: Divine punishment unless repented sincerely (Tawbah).

How Shariah Shapes Daily Life

1. Worship and Spirituality

• Fard acts (Salah, Sawm, Zakat, Hajj) structure a Muslim’s routine.


• Mustahabb acts (Duas, Sunnah prayers) enhance connection with Allah.

2. Social Conduct

• Haram (Gossip, Oppression) destroys relationships.


• Mustahabb (Visiting the Sick, Helping Others) strengthens community
bonds.

3. Economic Transactions

• Haram (Riba, Fraud) corrupts wealth.


• Fard (Zakat, Honest Trade) ensures economic justice.

4. Personal Ethics

• Makruh (Wasting Time) reduces productivity.


• Mustahabb (Reading the Quran, Learning) enriches knowledge.

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