Course Title: Artificial Intelligence & Neural Networks

Course Code: CSE -1110

“Assignment”

Submitted To: Submitted By:

Md.Afzal Hossain Ekhtier Ahmed

Lecturer, Roll: 3512
Department of CSE Batch: 59/A
World University of Bangladesh. Department of CSE

Date of Submission: ________________

Question: 1. Define Artificial Intelligence (AI) and briefly explain its significance in modern
industries
Answer 1:
Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be defined as the capability of a machine to imitate intelligent
human behavior such as thinking, learning, problem-solving, and decision-making.
Significance of AI in Modern Industries:
AI is rapidly transforming modern industries by automating tasks, improving efficiency, and driving innovation.
Here are some key areas where AI is making a significant impact:
Manufacturing: AI-powered robots are used for assembly, quality control, and predictive maintenance, leading
to increased productivity and reduced costs.

Healthcare: AI is used for medical imaging analysis, drug discovery, personalized medicine, and robotic
surgery, improving patient outcomes and streamlining healthcare processes.

Transportation: AI is at the heart of self-driving cars, traffic management systems, and logistics optimization,
promising safer and more efficient transportation solutions.
Education: AI personalizes learning experiences, automates grading, and enhances virtual learning
environments.
Research and Development: AI can accelerate research by analyzing data and generating new ideas.
This is being used in drug discovery, materials science, and many other fields.

Question 2. List and explain two goals of AI.

Answer 2:

Two fundamental goals of Artificial Intelligence are:

To understand human intelligence: AI aims to unravel the complexities of human cognition, learning, and
problem-solving. By replicating these processes in machines, researchers gain insights into how our own minds
work. This understanding can lead to advancements in fields like psychology, neuroscience, and education.

To create intelligent machines: AI seeks to build machines capable of performing tasks that typically require
human intelligence. This includes problem-solving, decision-making, language understanding, visual
recognition, and learning. These intelligent machines can automate tasks, improve efficiency, and potentially
solve problems beyond human capabilities.

These two goals are interconnected. By understanding human intelligence, we can better design and build
intelligent machines. Conversely, the process of creating AI systems can shed light on the inner workings of our
own minds.
Question 3. Describe the PEAS framework and how it is used to specify the structure of an intelligent agent.
Provide an example

Answer 3:

The PEAS framework is a structure used to describe the components that define an intelligent agent and its
environment. PEAS stands for Performance measure, Environment, Actuators, and Sensors. Here's a
breakdown of each component:

Performance measure (P): This defines how the success of the agent is evaluated. It represents the goal the
agent is trying to achieve. For example, in a self-driving car, the performance measure could be to safely
navigate to a destination as quickly as possible.

Environment (E): This refers to the external context in which the agent operates and interacts. It includes all
the factors that the agent must consider when performing its tasks. For the self-driving car, the environment
would include the road, traffic conditions, other vehicles, and pedestrians.

Actuators (A): These are the mechanisms through which the agent can affect or change the environment.
Actuators are the "output" of the agent. In the case of the self-driving car, actuators would include the steering
wheel, brakes, and acceleration pedals.

Sensors (S): These are the tools or devices the agent uses to perceive or gather information about the
environment. Sensors provide the "input" to the agent. For the self-driving car, sensors would include cameras,
LIDAR, radar, and GPS.

Example: Autonomous Drone for Package Delivery

Performance Measure (P): Successfully deliver packages to the correct location in the shortest time possible,
avoiding obstacles, and minimizing delays.

Environment (E): Airspace, buildings, trees, weather conditions, other flying objects (e.g., planes), and the
ground environment (for delivery).

Actuators (A): Propellers for flight, camera for navigation, payload release mechanism, and landing gear.

Sensors (S): Cameras (for visual navigation), GPS (for location tracking), LIDAR (for avoiding obstacles),
altimeter (for altitude), and gyroscope (for balance).
Question 4. Discuss the properties of an AI environment, including discrete/continuous, observable/partially
observable, and static/dynamic, with relevant examples for each property.

Answer 4:

An AI environment can be categorized based on several properties that influence the design and behavior of AI
agents within it.

1. Discrete vs. Continuous:

Discrete: The environment has a limited number of distinct states. Think of a chessboard with a finite number
of positions for the pieces. Actions are also discrete, like moving a piece from one square to another.

Example: A game of chess.

Continuous: The environment's state can take on an infinite number of values within a range. Imagine a self-
driving car where its position and speed can vary continuously.

Example: Steering a car, where the steering angle can be adjusted minutely.

2. Observable vs. Partially Observable:

Observable: The agent can perceive the complete state of the environment through its sensors. It has full
knowledge of what's happening.

Example: A robot in a room with cameras that provide a complete view of the surroundings.

Partially Observable: The agent's sensors provide incomplete information about the environment. It needs to
infer or remember information to make decisions.

Example: A self-driving car. It can't see what's around a blind corner, so it has to rely on predictions and past
experiences.

3. Static vs. Dynamic:

Static: The environment doesn't change while the agent is deliberating or acting. The world is still.

Example: A simple puzzle where the pieces don't move on their own.

Dynamic: The environment can change independently of the agent's actions. The agent needs to constantly
adapt to the changes.

Example: A stock market, where prices fluctuate constantly based on various factors