MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ans Diagram: 2M
Explanation:
2M

1. Applications:

• The top layer of android architecture is Applications. The native and third party
applications like Contacts, Email, Music, Gallery, Clock, Games, etc. whatever we will
build those will be installed on this layer only.

• The application layer runs within the Android run time using the classes and services
made available from the application framework.

2. Application Framework:

• The Application Framework provides the classes used to create an Android application.
It also provides a generic abstraction for hardware access and manages the user interface

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
and application resources.

• It basically provides the services through which we can create the particular class and
make that class helpful for the Applications creation.

• The application framework includes services like telephony service, location services,
notification. manager, NFC service, view system, etc. which we can use for application
development as per our requirements.

3. Android Runtime:

• Android Runtime environment is an important part of Android rather than an internal

part and it contains a components like core libraries and the Dalvik virtual machine.

• The Android run time is the engine that powers our applications along with the libraries
and it forms the basis for the application framework.

(i) Dalvik Virtual Machine (DVM) is a register-based virtual machine like Java Virtual
Machine (JVM).

It is specially designed and optimized for android to ensure that a device can run multiple

instances efficiently. It relies on the Linux kernel for threading and low-level memory

management.

(ii) The core libraries in android runtime will enable us to implement an android
applications using standard JAVA programming language.

4. Platform Libraries:

• The Platform Libraries includes various C/C++ core libraries and Java based libraries
such as SSL, libc, Graphics, SQLite, Webkit, Media, Surface Manger, OpenGL etc. to
provide a support for android development.

• Following are the summary details of some core android libraries available for android
development.

• Media library for playing and recording an audio and video formats

(i) The Surface manager library to provide a display management

(ii) SGL and OpenGL Graphics libraries for 2D and 3D graphics

(iii) SQLite is for database support and FreeType for font support

(iv) Web-Kit for web browser support and SSL for Internet security.

5. Linux Kernel:

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
• Linux Kernel is a bottom layer and heart of the android architecture. It is heart of
Android

architecture that exists at the root of android architecture and contains all the low-level
device

drivers for the various hardware components of an Android device.

• Linux Kernel is responsible fro device drivers, power management, memory

management, device management and resource access. It manage all the drivers such as
display drivers, camera drivers,

Bluetooth drivers, audio drivers, memory drivers, etc. which are mainly required for the
android device during the runtime.

• The Linux Kernel will provides an abstraction layer between the device hardware and
the remainder of the stack. It is responsible for memory management, power
management, device management, resource access, etc.

b) Differentiate between DVM and JVM. 4M

Ans Any 4 points

of
DVM (Dalvik Virtual Machine) JVM (Java Virtual Machine) differences :
It is Register based which is designed to run It is Stack based. 1 M each
on low memory.
DVM uses its own byte code and runs the JVM uses java byte code and runs
“.Dex” file. From Android 2.2 SDK Dalvik “.class” file having JIT (Just In Time).
has got a Just in Time compiler
DVM has been designed so that a device A single instance of JVM is shared
can run multiple instances of the VM with multiple applications.
efficiently. Applications are given their own
instance.
DVM supports the Android operating JVM supports multiple operating
system only. systems.
There is a constant pool for every It has a constant pool for every class.
application.
Here the executable is APK. Here the executable is JAR.

c) List and elaborate steps to deploy an Android application on Google play 4M

store.

Ans Steps to deploy and Android Application on Google Play Store: (List 1 M
and
Step 1: Make a Developer Account Elaboration 3
Step 2: Plan to Sell? Link Your Merchant Account M)
Step 3: Create an App
Step 4: Prepare Store Listing

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