DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO

COMPUTER COMMUNICATION & NETWORKING
(2nd Semester, 3rd Year) LAB HANDOUT # 4
________________________________________________________________________
Name: _____________________________________________ Roll No: _____________

Score: ____________Signature of the Lab Tutor: _______________ Date: ___________

________________________________________________________________________

OBJECTIVES
#. Of
# Topic CLO Taxonomy level
Lectures
To make console and telnet connections with
4 network devices (e.g., switch and router) using 3 2 P5
opensource terminal emulator software.

OUTCOME(S)
a. An ability to apply knowledge of math, science, and PLO1: Engineering Knowledge:
engineering
k. an ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern PLO5: Modern Tool Usage
engineering tools necessary for engineering practice.

RUBRICS:
Performance Exceeds Meets expectations Does not meet
Score
Metric expectation (4-5) (2-3) expectations (0-1)
Applies the relevant
Applies the
knowledge and
appropriate
concept to the
knowledge and Fails to apply
problem, possibly
concepts to the relevant knowledge
in a roundabout
Knowledge and problem with and concepts to the
way; understands
application accuracy and problem;
the major points of
[PLO1] proficiency; shows misunderstands or
the knowledge,
precise fails to recall critical
with possible
understanding of points.
misunderstanding
these knowledge
or failure to recall
and concepts.
minor points;
Modern Tool Computer and Computer and Computer and
Usage [PLO5] software are software are software are not
extensively used somewhat utilized, utilized, no
in the effort was put into attempt was
course learning new made at learning
software new software
Total Score
 DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
COMPUTER COMMUNICATION & NETWORKING
(2nd Semester, 3rd Year) LAB HANDOUT # 4
________________________________________________________________________

EQUIPMENT

• Catalyst 2950 /1920 Switch

• 2 PC’s with NIC installed
• 2 Straight through UTP cables
• RJ-45 TO DB-9 adapter
• RJ-45 TO RJ 45 rollover cable DISCUSSION & CONFIGRATION:
Navigation between different switch command modes
Cisco switches run on proprietary OS known as Cisco IOS. IOS is a group of commands
used for monitoring, configuring and maintaining cisco devices. For security and easy
administration, IOS commands are divided in the set of different command modes. Each
command mode has its own set of commands. Which commands are available to use,
depend upon the mode we are in.
Navigation between Cisco IOS modes

Mode Purpose Prompt Command to enter Command to exit

User EXEC Router > Default mode after booting. Use exit command
Allow you to connect with
Login with password, if
remote devices, perform
configured.
basic tests, temporary change
terminal setting and list
system information

Use enable command from user

Privileged Allow you to set operating Router # Use exit command
exec mode
EXEC parameters. It also includes
high level testing and list
commands like show, copy
and debug.

Contain commands those

Use configure terminal
affect the entire system
Global Router(config)# command from privileged Use exit command
Configuration exec mode
 DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
COMPUTER COMMUNICATION & NETWORKING
(2nd Semester, 3rd Year) LAB HANDOUT # 4
________________________________________________________________________

Interface Contain commands those Router(configif)# Use interface type number

Configuration modify the operation of an command from global Use exit command
interface configuration mode to return in global
configuration mode

Sub-Interface Configure or modify the Router(configsubif) Use interface type sub interface
Configuration virtual interface created from number command from global Use exit to return in
physical interface configuration mode or interface previous mode. Use
configure mode end command
to return in
privileged exec
mode.
Enter reload command from
privileged exec mode. Press
ROMMON If router automatically enter ROMMON> Use exit command
CTRL + C key combination
in this mode, then it indicates
during the first 60 seconds of
that it fails to locate a valid
booting process
IOS image. Manual entrance
in this mode Allow you to
perform low-level
diagnostics.

How to get help on Cisco Switch command mode

Switch provides two types of context sensitive help, word help and command syntax help.
Word help
Word help is used to get a list of available commands that begin with a specific letter. For
example, if we know that our command begins with letter e, we can hit enter key after
typing e? at command prompt. It will list all possible commands that begin with letter e.

We can list all available commands, if we don't know the initials of our command. For
example, to list all available commands at User exec mode, just type? at command prompt
and hit enter key.
 DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
COMPUTER COMMUNICATION & NETWORKING
(2nd Semester, 3rd Year) LAB HANDOUT # 4
________________________________________________________________________

Command syntax help

Command syntax help can be used to get the list of keyword, commands, or parameters
that are available starting with the keywords that we had already entered. Enter? (Question
mark) after hitting Space key and prompt will return with the list of available command
options. For example, to know the parameters required by show ip command type show ip?
and prompt will return with all associate parameters. If prompt returns with <CR> only as
an option, that means switch does not need any additional parameters to complete the
command. You can execute the command in current condition.

Lab equipment requirements

To perform this lab, you need 1 Cisco Catalyst 2950 Switch and at least 1 PC. However,
most of the commands will work on other switch models as well. We are going to use two
different PCs but they can be one and the same physical PC. You will need to connect them
as depicted in the following the network diagram:
 DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
COMPUTER COMMUNICATION & NETWORKING
(2nd Semester, 3rd Year) LAB HANDOUT # 4
________________________________________________________________________

Fig: Network Diagrm

Connect the console cable to the to the console port on the switch and the
other end to the serial port of PC1. Connect PC2 to first Fast Ethernet port
(i.e. FA0/1) using an UTP/STP cable. PC1 must have a terminal client (i.e.
Windows HyperTerminal) installed, and PC2 must be able to setup a telnet
connection.

Configuring the Switch

Before you start with the configuration of the switch, clear the switch configuration by
using the erase startup-config command or the erase nvram: command in Privileged
EXEC mode, and then use the reload command to reboot the switch. After the switch
rebooted, the following message will be displayed:

% Please answer 'yes' or 'no'.

Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]

Type no and press ENTER.

Press ENTER when the message Press RETURN to get started appears.

Type enable at the Switch> command prompt.

Switch>enable
a. What prompt does enable command display and what does it mean?
_____________________________________________________________________
 DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
COMPUTER COMMUNICATION & NETWORKING
(2nd Semester, 3rd Year) LAB HANDOUT # 4
________________________________________________________________________

STEP 1: Change the switch's host name to SWR-2024

Enter configuration mode using the following command:

Switch#configure terminal

a. Enter configure terminal at the privilege mode prompt.

Switch#configure terminal
b. Which prompt switch will display after typing above command?
____________________________________________ c. What does
this prompt mean?
_______________________________________________________________________

Change the host name of the switch to "SWR-2024" using the following command:
Switch(config)#hostname SWR-2024

a. Which prompt this Switch will display? _____________________

b. What does this prompt mean?
_______________________________________________________________________
c. Why this change in the prompt is required?
_______________________________________________________________________

STEP 2: Configure passwords

First set the enable password to cisco using the following command:
SWR2024(config)#enable password cisco

Next, set the enable secret to cisco123 using the following command:
SWR2024(config)#enable secret cisco123

Next, set the password for all telnet lines to 'cisco456' using the following commands:
SWR-2024 (config)#line vty 0 15 SWR-2024 (config-line)#password cisco456 SWR-
2024 (config-line)#login
Although the enable secret is encrypted, other passwords stored in the switch's
configuration are still in clear text like enable password. You can see this by returning to
Privileged EXEC mode and running the show running config:
 DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
COMPUTER COMMUNICATION & NETWORKING
(2nd Semester, 3rd Year) LAB HANDOUT # 4
________________________________________________________________________
SWR-2024 (config)#end (or press CTRL-Z) SWR-2024#show running-config

Notice the enable secret is replaced by a hashed version, for example: enable secret
5 $1$iUjJ$cDZ03KKGh7mHfX2RSbDq

When you log on with the enable secret, the switch calculates the hash value again and
compares it with the hash value stored in the configuration. If they match, you typed in the
correct secret and will enter Privileged EXEC mode. You can configure a password by
using the enable password command instead, but in contrary to the enable secret, the enable
password is not encrypted by default. If an enable password and an enable secret are
configured, you will need to enter the enable secret to logon. In other words, there’s no
need to configure an enable password if you configured an enable secret.

Near the end of the configuration, you will notice the vty password you just configured,
and that it is stored in plain text format. To ensure this password, as well as others such as
the console password are also encrypted, use the service password-encryption command in
Global configuration mode:

SWR-2024#configure terminal SWR-2024(config)#service password-encryption

If you would run the show running-config command in Privileged EXEC mode again, you
will notice the vty password is now also encrypted. For example: 1511021F07257F717E

You can also set a password on the aux or console connection, for example to set the
password to cisco789:

SWR-2024 (config)#line con 0 SWR-2024 (config-line) #password cisco789 SWR-

2024 (config-line) #login

a. At Privileged EXEC mode type ‘show running-config’ and follow the details.

b. Is there an encrypted password?

Mention______________________________________________ c. Are
there any other passwords?
Mention_______________________________________________
d. Are any of the other passwords encrypted?
Mention_______________________________________

STEP 3: Configure Banner on switch

The banner or MOTD (message of the day) is to display a temporary notice to users, such
as issues with system availability. However, because the message displays when a user
 DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
COMPUTER COMMUNICATION & NETWORKING
(2nd Semester, 3rd Year) LAB HANDOUT # 4
________________________________________________________________________
connects to the device prior to login, most network administrators are now using it to
display legal notices regarding access to the switch, such as unauthorized access to this
device is prohibited and violators will be prosecuted to the full extent of the law and other
such cheery endearments.

Use the following commands to set the banner or motd on switch which alerts unauthorized
users not to access the switch.

SWR-2024(config)#banner motd #this device is for authorized person only if you

Haven’t been provided with the permission to access this device Exit
at once#

Notice that each of the banner lines ends with a # symbol; this is a delimiter to identify the
end of the message. You can specify any character you want, but the character you choose
is the one you will use to end the banner message. Here is what these messages look like
when you connect to the switch:

STEP 4: show mac-address-table

Switch stores MAC address of devices those are attached with its interfaces
in CAM table. We can use show mac-address-table command to list all
learned devices.

a. How switches use this table to forward data?

Mention______________________________________________
b. In mac table under type column what does dynamic refers
to? Mention______________________________________________
How to clear mac address table
 DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
COMPUTER COMMUNICATION & NETWORKING
(2nd Semester, 3rd Year) LAB HANDOUT # 4
________________________________________________________________________
Switch stores MAC addresses in MAC address table. Gradually it could be full. Once it
full, switch automatically starts removing old entries. You can also clear these tables
manually from privileged exec mode. To delete all entries use following command

To delete only dynamic entries use

switch#clear mac address-table dynamic
How to add static MAC address in CAM table
switch#clear mac address-table
For security purpose sometime we have to add mac address in CAM table manually. To
add static MAC address in CAM table use following command
Switch(config)#mac address-table static aaaa.aaaa.aaaa vlan 1 interface fastethernet
0/1
In above command we entered an entry for static MAC address aaaa.aaaa.aaaa assigned to
FastEnternet 0/1 with default VLAN1. STEP 5: How to set duplex mode

Switch automatically adjust duplex mode depending upon remote device. We

could change this mode with any of other supported mode. For example, to
Switch(config)# #interface fastethernet 0/1
Switch(config-if)#duplex full

To use half duplex use

Switch(config)# #interface fastethernet 0/1
Switch(config-if)#duplex half
STEP 5: Display interface status
force switch to use full duplex mode use show interface command displays

information about interfaces. Without argument it would list all interfaces. To get

information about specific interface we need to pass its interface number as an argument.

For example, to view details about FastEthernet 0/1, use show interface fastethernet 0/1.

First line from output below provides information about the status of interface.

FastEthernet0/1 is up, line protocol is up (connected), The first up indicates the status of

the physical layer, and the second up indicates to the status of the data link layer.
 DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
COMPUTER COMMUNICATION & NETWORKING
(2nd Semester, 3rd Year) LAB HANDOUT # 4
________________________________________________________________________

a. What will be status of line protocol if at data link layer we use two different protocols?
Mention______________________________________________

Possible interface status

 up and up :- Interface is operational.
 up and down :- Its data link layer problem.
 down and down :- Its physical layer problem.
 Administratively down Interface is disabled with shutdown command.
Possible values for physical layer status
 Up :- Switch is sensing physical layer signal.
 Down :- Switch is not sensing physical layer signal. Possible reasons could be
cable is not connected, wrong cable type is used and remote end device is turned
off.
 Administratively down :- Interface is disabled by using shutdown command.
Possible values for data link layer status
 Up :- The data link layer is operational.
 DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
COMPUTER COMMUNICATION & NETWORKING
(2nd Semester, 3rd Year) LAB HANDOUT # 4
________________________________________________________________________
 Down :- The data link layer is not operational. Possible reasons could be a disabled
physical layer, missed keep alives on a serial link, no clocking or an incorrect
encapsulation type.
show ip interface brief is a extremely useful command to get quick overview of all
interfaces on switch. It lists their status including IP address and protocol.

STEP 5: Saving the configuration

Saving the configuration on a modern Cisco Catalyst switch running IOS software works
the same as on Cisco routers. This means you have to copy the running configuration (in
RAM) to the startup configuration (in NVRAM) by using the following command in
Privileged EXEC mode:

SWR-2024#copy running-config startup-config

If you run the show startup-config command, you should get the same output as the show
running-config command. The dir nvram: command should show the startup-config file
with a size greater than zero. The configuration is also stored in the config.text file in flash,
which content you can see by using the show flash command.STEP 6: Display switch
hardware and firmware information

The show version command allows you to display information about the switch’s hardware
and IOS. The first half shows information about the IOS in flash, the boot loader on ROM,
the uptime, what caused the switched to reboot, and the IOS edition it runs. The second
half shows information about the hardware, including the interfaces, the memory and serial
numbers.
 DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
COMPUTER COMMUNICATION & NETWORKING
(2nd Semester, 3rd Year) LAB HANDOUT # 4
________________________________________________________________________
SWR-2024#show version

a. Enter the show version command. The Switch will return information about the IOS
that is running in RAM.
b. Write the name of the IOS version? ____________________________
c. What is the name of the system image (IOS) file?
______________________________________________________________________ d.
Where was the switch IOS image booted from?
____________________________________________
e. How many Ethernet interfaces does this switch have? _________________________
 DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
COMPUTER COMMUNICATION & NETWORKING
(2nd Semester, 3rd Year) LAB HANDOUT # 4
________________________________________________________________________
Lab Exercise:
1. Submit a lab with performing a simple task connect a pc with switch using console
connection and configure telnet connection. Using Telnet configure switch with all
basic configuration we learnt in this Lab.
Change the switch's host name-&- Configure passwords
 DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
COMPUTER COMMUNICATION & NETWORKING
(2nd Semester, 3rd Year) LAB HANDOUT # 4
________________________________________________________________________

Configure Banner on switch

show mac-address-table

show ip interface brief

 DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
COMPUTER COMMUNICATION & NETWORKING
(2nd Semester, 3rd Year) LAB HANDOUT # 4
________________________________________________________________________

Saving the configuration

Password setting on line vty ( telnet )16 people can access the
switch at a time

FINAL CHECK LIST

1. Return all equipment and materials to their proper storage area.
2. Submit your answers to question, before the next laboratory.