SKELETAL SYSTEM

LEA RN IN G
OB JEC T IVES

Understand the Explain the Identify specific

major components bones and their
function of
roles in the
of the human the skeleton
body
skeletal system
 LET’S DISCUSS

SKELETAL
SYSTEM
The skeletal system provides support and
protection for the body’s internal organs
while also serving as an attachment point
for muscles. In humans, it consists of bones,
associated cartilage, tendons, ligament.

This system shapes our bodies, DID YOU KNOW?

enables movement, produces Did you know that babies are born with around 270
bones, while an average adult has 206 bones?
blood cells, and stores minerals.
 FUNC T IO N OF
SKELETA L SY ST EM

Movement: Contraction of
Protection: Bone is hard
Support: Rigid, strong bone the skeletal muscles moves
and protects the organs it
is well suited for bearing the bones, producing body
surrounds. For example, the
weight and is the major movements. Joints, which
skull encloses and protects
supporting tissue of the are formed where two or
the brain, and the vertebrae
body. more bones come together,
surround the spinal cord.
allow movement between
bones.
 FUNC T IO N OF
SKELETA L SY ST EM

Storage: Some minerals in Blood cells production :

the blood are taken into many bones contains
bone and stored. cavities filled with red bone
marrow which gives rise to
blood cells and platelets.
COMPONENTS OF THE
SKELETAL SYSTEM
COMPO N EN TS OF
SKELETAL S YS TE M
BONE: Provides
structural support,
protects internal organs,
acts as levers for
movement, stores
minerals (like calcium), and
houses blood cell
production in bone
marrow
COMPO N EN TS OF
SKELETAL S YS TE M

LIGAMENT:
Connect bones to
other bones at
joints, providing
stability and
support
COMPO N EN TS OF
SKELETAL S YS TE M

TENDONS: Attach
muscles to bones,
facilitating movement
by transmitting
muscle contractions.
COMPO N EN TS OF
SKELETAL S YS TE M CARTILAGE: Offers
flexible support at
joints, reducing
friction and
absorbing shock
during movement
 LET’S EXPLORE!

PRINCIPAL TYPES OF BONES

Long Bones Short Bones

These bones are longer than they Short bones have a squat, cubed
are wide and provide leverage shape and are approximately
for movement. Examples include equal in length, width, and
the femur, humerus, and thickness. Examples include the
clavicles. tarsals (ankle bones).
 LET’S EXPLORE!

PRINCIPAL TYPES OF BONES

Flat Bones Irregular Bones

These bones are thin and often These bones do not conform to
curved. They serve as protective the shapes of the other 3 types.
shields and provide attachment They have unique forms and
points for muscles. Examples functions. Examples include the
include the ribs and scapula. bones of the face and vertebrae.
 LET’S EXPLORE!

PRINCIPAL TYPES OF BONES

Sesamoid bones
Small, round bones embedded in
tendons (e.g., patella), they
protect tendons from stress and
improve muscle efficiency.
SKELETAL SYSTEM
MAJOR SECTION
 AXIAL SKELETON

Axial Skeleton: This forms the

central core of the body and
includes the skull, vertebral
column (spine), ribs, and
sternum (breastbone). Its
primary role is to protect the
brain, spinal cord, and thoracic
organs like the heart and lungs.
 APPEND ICULAR
SKELETON
Appendicular Skeleton: This
consists of the limbs and girdles
that attach them to the axial
skeleton. It includes the bones of
the arms, legs, pelvic girdle (hips),
and pectoral girdle (shoulders). This
part of the skeleton allows for
movement and interaction with the
environment.
 AXIAL SKELETON

THE SKULL
The skull serves several crucial functions.
It surrounds and shields the brain,
brainstem, and eyes from external forces.
This protective role is vital for maintaining
the integrity of our central nervous
system.

Muscles, blood vessels, and connective

tissues attach to its bony framework,
allowing essential functions like
swallowing, breathing, and vision.
 AXIAL SKELETON

THE SPINE
The spine provides structural support
for the entire body, allowing us to stand
upright. It surrounds and protects the
spinal cord and nerves, which are
essential for transmitting signals
between the brain and the rest of the
body.
Also, the spine enables flexibility and
movement, allowing us to walk, twist,
bend, and perform various activities.
 THE SPINE

26 irregular bones
that forms an S-
shape
support everything
from skull to pelvis
THE SPINE
Cervical vertebrae
( C1, C7)

Thoracic vertebrae
( T1, T12)

Lumbar vertebrae
( L1, L5)

Sacrum
(five fused vertebrae)
Coccyx
(tailbone )
 SKELETAL SYSTEM

THE CHEST
The sternum and ribs protect vital
organs and facilitate breathing. The
sternum shields the heart, lungs, and
stomach while also serving as an
attachment point for tendons.

The ribs form a protective cage around

the thoracic cavity and move during
breathing, aiding lung function. Together,
they safeguard organs and enable
respiratory movements!
STERNUM
RIBS
RIBS
RIBS
RIBS
 SKELETAL SYSTEM

SHOULDER
GIRDLE
The shoulder girdle connects the upper limbs to
the axial skeleton. It consists of the clavicle and
scapula bones on each side of the body. The
shoulder girdle provides structural support and
allows a wide range of motion, especially at the
highly mobile scapulothoracic and
sternoclavicular joints.
 SKELETAL SYSTEM

ARM BONES
Arm bones consist of the humerus, radius, and
ulna. These bones serve essential roles in
supporting the upper limb and providing
attachment points for the muscles responsible
for arm movement.

These bones form joints that allow a wide range

of motion and flexibility, enabling precise
manipulation of objects with the arm and hand.
 SKELETAL SYSTEM

THE HAND
Hand bones consist of the carpals,
metacarpals, and phalanges. The hand
bones provide support and stability and
enable intricate movements for tasks
like gripping, writing, and playing musical
instruments.

They consist of carpal bones (wrist),

metacarpals (palm), and phalanges
(fingers). Together, they form the
foundation for hand function.
 SKELETAL SYSTEM

THE PELVIS
The pelvis consists of three fused bones: the ilium,
ischium, and pubic bone. These bones serve several
crucial functions in the human body.

First, they bear the weight of the upper body,

stabilize it, and transmit this weight to the lower.
Second, the pelvis protects the organs within the
abdominal and pelvic cavities. In females, the pelvis
provides a comfortable environment for the fetus.
 SKELETAL SYSTEM

UPPER LEG
The upper leg bones include the femur (thigh
bone), which is the longest and strongest bone
in the body. It forms a ball-and-socket joint
with the hip bone and the knee joint with the
lower leg bones.

The patella (kneecap) connects with the upper

and lower leg bones through muscles and
ligaments, contributing to knee movement.
 SKELETAL SYSTEM

LOWER LEG
In the lower leg bones, we have the tibia, which
is longer and thicker. It bears weight and
articulates with the femur at its superior end
and the tarsals at its inferior end.

The fibula, located laterally, doesn’t bear direct

weight but serves as an attachment point for
leg muscles. It articulates with the tibia and
tarsal bones.
 SKELETAL SYSTEM

THE FOOT
The foot bones include the tarsals (7 bones
allowing minor adjustments to foot position),
the metatarsals (forming the forefoot), and the
tiny phalanges (toe bones) that articulate with
metatarsals and allow flexible toe movements.

In summary, leg bones provide structural

support, facilitate movement, and distribute
weight during activities like walking and running.
HUMAN ANATOMY

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