// PIC18F4520 Configuration Bit Settings

// 'C' source line config statements

// CONFIG1H
#pragma config OSC = INTIO67 // Oscillator Selection bits (Internal oscillator block, port
function on RA6 and RA7)
#pragma config FCMEN = OFF // Fail-Safe Clock Monitor Enable bit (Fail-Safe Clock Monitor
disabled)
#pragma config IESO = OFF // Internal/External Oscillator Switchover bit (Oscillator
Switchover mode disabled)

// CONFIG2L
#pragma config PWRT = OFF // Power-up Timer Enable bit (PWRT disabled)
#pragma config BOREN = SBORDIS // Brown-out Reset Enable bits (Brown-out Reset enabled
in hardware only (SBOREN is disabled))
#pragma config BORV = 3 // Brown Out Reset Voltage bits (Minimum setting)

// CONFIG2H
#pragma config WDT = OFF // Watchdog Timer Enable bit (WDT disabled (control is placed
on the SWDTEN bit))
#pragma config WDTPS = 32768 // Watchdog Timer Postscale Select bits (1:32768)

// CONFIG3H
#pragma config CCP2MX = PORTC // CCP2 MUX bit (CCP2 input/output is multiplexed with
RC1)
#pragma config PBADEN = OFF // PORTB A/D Enable bit (PORTB<4:0> pins are configured as
digital I/O on Reset)
#pragma config LPT1OSC = OFF // Low-Power Timer1 Oscillator Enable bit (Timer1 configured
for higher power operation)
#pragma config MCLRE = ON // MCLR Pin Enable bit (RE3 input pin enabled; MCLR disabled)

// CONFIG4L
#pragma config STVREN = ON // Stack Full/Underflow Reset Enable bit (Stack full/underflow
will cause Reset)
#pragma config LVP = OFF // Single-Supply ICSP Enable bit (Single-Supply ICSP disabled)
#pragma config XINST = OFF // Extended Instruction Set Enable bit (Instruction set extension
and Indexed Addressing mode disabled (Legacy mode))

// CONFIG5L
#pragma config CP0 = OFF // Code Protection bit (Block 0 (000800-001FFFh) not
code-protected)
#pragma config CP1 = OFF // Code Protection bit (Block 1 (002000-003FFFh) not
code-protected)
#pragma config CP2 = OFF // Code Protection bit (Block 2 (004000-005FFFh) not
code-protected)
#pragma config CP3 = OFF // Code Protection bit (Block 3 (006000-007FFFh) not
code-protected)

// CONFIG5H
#pragma config CPB = OFF // Boot Block Code Protection bit (Boot block (000000-0007FFh)
not code-protected)
#pragma config CPD = OFF // Data EEPROM Code Protection bit (Data EEPROM not
code-protected)

// CONFIG6L
#pragma config WRT0 = OFF // Write Protection bit (Block 0 (000800-001FFFh) not
write-protected)
#pragma config WRT1 = OFF // Write Protection bit (Block 1 (002000-003FFFh) not
write-protected)
#pragma config WRT2 = OFF // Write Protection bit (Block 2 (004000-005FFFh) not
write-protected)
#pragma config WRT3 = OFF // Write Protection bit (Block 3 (006000-007FFFh) not
write-protected)

// CONFIG6H
#pragma config WRTC = OFF // Configuration Register Write Protection bit (Configuration
registers (300000-3000FFh) not write-protected)
#pragma config WRTB = OFF // Boot Block Write Protection bit (Boot block
(000000-0007FFh) not write-protected)
#pragma config WRTD = OFF // Data EEPROM Write Protection bit (Data EEPROM not
write-protected)

// CONFIG7L
#pragma config EBTR0 = OFF // Table Read Protection bit (Block 0 (000800-001FFFh) not
protected from table reads executed in other blocks)
#pragma config EBTR1 = OFF // Table Read Protection bit (Block 1 (002000-003FFFh) not
protected from table reads executed in other blocks)
#pragma config EBTR2 = OFF // Table Read Protection bit (Block 2 (004000-005FFFh) not
protected from table reads executed in other blocks)
#pragma config EBTR3 = OFF // Table Read Protection bit (Block 3 (006000-007FFFh) not
protected from table reads executed in other blocks)

// CONFIG7H
#pragma config EBTRB = OFF // Boot Block Table Read Protection bit (Boot block
(000000-0007FFh) not protected from table reads executed in other blocks)

// #pragma config statements should precede project file includes.

// Use project enums instead of #define for ON and OFF.

#include <xc.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define _XTAL_FREQ 4000000 // System clock frequency (4MHz)

// LCD Configuration
#define LCD_PORT PORTD
#define LCD_TRIS TRISD
#define RS PORTCbits.RC6
#define EN PORTCbits.RC7
#define RS_TRIS TRISCbits.TRISC6
#define EN_TRIS TRISCbits.TRISC7

// Keypad Configuration
#define ROW1 LATBbits.LATB0
#define ROW2 LATBbits.LATB1
#define ROW3 LATBbits.LATB2
#define ROW4 LATBbits.LATB3
#define COL1 PORTBbits.RB4
#define COL2 PORTBbits.RB5
#define COL3 PORTBbits.RB6
#define COL4 PORTBbits.RB7

// PWM and Timer Configuration

#define PWM_PIN TRISCbits.TRISC2 // CCP1 on RC2

volatile unsigned int duty_cycle = 0;

// Function Prototypes
void init_keypad(void);
void init_interrupt(void);
void init_lcd(void);
void init_pwm(void);
void lcd_command(unsigned char cmd);
void lcd_data(unsigned char data);
void lcd_print(const char *str);
unsigned char scan_keypad(void);
void update_pwm(unsigned int duty);
void update_display(unsigned int percentage);
void __interrupt() isr(void);

void main(void) {
OSCCON = 0xEF; // Set internal oscillator to 8MHz

// Initialize all modules

init_keypad();
init_lcd();
init_pwm();
init_interrupt();

// Display initial message

lcd_command(0x01); // Clear display
lcd_print("Motor Speed: 0%");

// Set initial PWM to 0 (motor off)

update_pwm(0);

while (1) {
// Check for keypad input (polling method)
unsigned char key = scan_keypad();

// Process numerical keys (0-9)

if (key >= '0' && key <= '9') {
// Calculate duty cycle: key '0' = 0%, '1' = 10%, '9' = 90%
unsigned int percentage = (key - '0') * 10;
 // Update duty cycle - direct mapping
duty_cycle = percentage;

// Calculate 10-bit PWM value (0-1023)

unsigned int pwm_value = (percentage * 1023) / 100;

// Update PWM
update_pwm(pwm_value);

// Update LCD display

update_display(percentage);

// Debounce delay
__delay_ms(300);
}

// Handle special case for 100% (using '*' key)

if (key == '*') {
duty_cycle = 100;

// Set to 100% PWM value

update_pwm(1023);

// Update LCD display

update_display(100);

// Debounce delay
__delay_ms(300);
}

// Add a small delay to improve stability

__delay_ms(5);
}
}

// Update LCD display with the current percentage

void update_display(unsigned int percentage) {
lcd_command(0x01); // Clear display
lcd_print("Motor Speed: ");

// Display percentage based on number of digits

if (percentage == 100) {
lcd_print("100%");
} else if (percentage >= 10) {
char tens = (char)((percentage / 10) + '0');
char ones = (char)((percentage % 10) + '0');
lcd_data(tens);
lcd_data(ones);
lcd_print("%");
} else {
char digit = (char)(percentage + '0');
lcd_data(digit);
 lcd_print("%");
}
}

// PWM Initialization with 10-bit resolution

void init_pwm(void) {
// Configure CCP1 for PWM operation
PWM_PIN = 0; // Set RC2 as output for CCP1/PWM

// Configure Timer2 for PWM

T2CON = 0x04; // Timer2 On, Prescaler 1:1
PR2 = 255; // Set period register for 10-bit PWM

// Configure CCP1 for PWM mode

CCP1CON = 0x0C; // PWM mode, all bits active

// Set initial duty cycle to 0 (motor off)

CCPR1L = 0x00;
CCP1CONbits.DC1B = 0x00;
}

// Keypad Initialization
void init_keypad(void) {
// Configure PORTB for keypad
TRISB = 0xF0; // RB0-RB3 as outputs (rows), RB4-RB7 as inputs (columns)
LATB = 0x0F; // Set rows high initially

// Initialize column pins

ROW1 = ROW2 = ROW3 = ROW4 = 1; // All rows high initially
}

// Interrupt Initialization
void init_interrupt(void) {
// Configure PORTB change notification interrupt
INTCONbits.RBIE = 1; // Enable PORTB change interrupt
INTCONbits.RBIF = 0; // Clear PORTB interrupt flag

// Enable global interrupts

INTCONbits.GIE = 1; // Enable global interrupts
}

// LCD Initialization
void init_lcd(void) {
// Configure LCD port pins
LCD_TRIS = 0x00; // All LCD data pins as outputs
RS_TRIS = 0; // RS pin as output
EN_TRIS = 0; // EN pin as output

// Power-on delay
__delay_ms(50);

// Initialize LCD in 8-bit mode

 lcd_command(0x38); // 8-bit mode, 2 lines, 5x8 dots
__delay_ms(30);
lcd_command(0x0C); // Display on, cursor off, blink off
__delay_ms(30);
lcd_command(0x01); // Clear display
__delay_ms(30);
lcd_command(0x06); // Entry mode: increment cursor, no display shift
__delay_ms(30);
}

// Send Command to LCD

void lcd_command(unsigned char cmd) {
RS = 0; // Command mode
LCD_PORT = cmd; // Put command on data port
EN = 1; // Enable pulse
__delay_ms(3); // Wait
EN = 0; // End enable pulse
}

// Send Data to LCD

void lcd_data(unsigned char data) {
RS = 1; // Data mode
LCD_PORT = data; // Put data on data port
EN = 1; // Enable pulse
__delay_ms(3); // Wait
EN = 0; // End enable pulse
}

// Print String on LCD

void lcd_print(const char *str) {
while (*str) {
lcd_data(*str);
str++;
}
}

// Scan Keypad with improved reliability

unsigned char scan_keypad(void) {
unsigned char key = 0;

// Set all rows high first

ROW1 = ROW2 = ROW3 = ROW4 = 1;
__delay_ms(1); // Small delay for signal stabilization

// Scan first row

ROW1 = 0; ROW2 = 1; ROW3 = 1; ROW4 = 1;
__delay_ms(1);
if (!COL1) key = '1';
if (!COL2) key = '2';
if (!COL3) key = '3';
if (!COL4) key = 'A';
 if (key) goto keypad_done; // If key found, exit

// Scan second row

ROW1 = 1; ROW2 = 0; ROW3 = 1; ROW4 = 1;
__delay_ms(1);
if (!COL1) key = '4';
if (!COL2) key = '5';
if (!COL3) key = '6';
if (!COL4) key = 'B';

if (key) goto keypad_done; // If key found, exit

// Scan third row

ROW1 = 1; ROW2 = 1; ROW3 = 0; ROW4 = 1;
__delay_ms(1);
if (!COL1) key = '7';
if (!COL2) key = '8';
if (!COL3) key = '9';
if (!COL4) key = 'C';

if (key) goto keypad_done; // If key found, exit

// Scan fourth row

ROW1 = 1; ROW2 = 1; ROW3 = 1; ROW4 = 0;
__delay_ms(1);
if (!COL1) key = '*';
if (!COL2) key = '0';
if (!COL3) key = '#';
if (!COL4) key = 'D';

keypad_done:
// Reset all rows to high
ROW1 = ROW2 = ROW3 = ROW4 = 1;

return key;
}

// Update PWM Duty Cycle for 10-bit resolution

void update_pwm(unsigned int duty) {
// Set the 10-bit PWM duty cycle
CCPR1L = (unsigned char)(duty >> 2); // Upper 8 bits
CCP1CONbits.DC1B = (unsigned char)(duty & 0x03); // Lower 2 bits
}

// Interrupt Service Routine

void __interrupt() isr(void) {
// Check if PORTB change interrupt
if (INTCONbits.RBIF) {
__delay_ms(10); // Debounce delay

unsigned char key = scan_keypad();

 // Process numerical keys (0-9) in interrupt
if (key >= '0' && key <= '9') {
// Calculate duty cycle: key '0' = 0%, '1' = 10%, '9' = 90%
unsigned int percentage = (key - '0') * 10;

// Update duty cycle - direct mapping

duty_cycle = percentage;

// Calculate 10-bit PWM value (0-1023)

unsigned int pwm_value = (percentage * 1023) / 100;

// Update PWM
update_pwm(pwm_value);

// Update LCD display

update_display(percentage);
}

// Handle special case for 100% (using '*' key)

if (key == '*') {
duty_cycle = 100;

// Set to 100% PWM value

update_pwm(1023);

// Update LCD display

update_display(100);
}

// Read PORTB to end mismatch condition

volatile unsigned char portb_read = PORTB;

INTCONbits.RBIF = 0; // Clear interrupt flag

}
}