Department of Mathematics

National School of Sciences (NSS)

Lainchour, Kathmandu

GRADE XI Math.0071

LOGIC, SET AND REAL NUMBER SYSTEM

1. What are logical connectives? Describe any two the logical connectives
with their truth values.
2. Define Tautology and Contradiction. Prove that
(i) (𝑝 ∨ 𝑞) ∨ (∼ 𝑝) is tautology
(ii) (𝑝 ∧ 𝑞) ∧ ∼ (𝑝 ∧ 𝑞) is contradiction for any statements 𝑝 and 𝑞.
3. Write converse, inverse and contrapositive statements of ‘If ABCD is a
square then it is a rectangle.’ Also, write the truth values of each.
4. Write the converse and contrapositive of the statement “For a function to
be integrable it is sufficient that the function is continuous.”
5. Prove that the statement is tautology:
(𝑝 ⇒ 𝑞) ⇔ [{𝑝 ∧ (∼ 𝑞)} ⇒ 𝑐],
where 𝑝 and 𝑞 are the statements and 𝑐 stands for contradiction.
6. If 𝑝, 𝑞 and 𝑟 are three simple statements, prove the following equivalent
statements with truth table.
i. ∼ (𝑝 ∧ 𝑞) ≡ (∼ 𝑝) ∨ (∼ 𝑞)
ii. ∼ (𝑝 ∨ 𝑞) ≡ (∼ 𝑝) ∧ (∼ 𝑞)
iii. (𝑝 ⇒ 𝑞) ≡ (∼ 𝑞 ⇒∼ 𝑝)
iv. 𝑝 ∧ (𝑞 ∨ 𝑟) ≡ (𝑝 ∧ 𝑞) ∨ (𝑝 ∧ 𝑟)
7. State and prove (i) commutative laws (ii) associative laws for any subsets
𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 of a universal set 𝑈.
8. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 be any two subsets of a universal set 𝑈, prove that
i. 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 ⇒ 𝐵̅ ⊆ 𝐴̅
ii. 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = 𝜙 ⇒ 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵̅ and 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴̅
iii. 𝐴−𝐵 ⊆𝐴∪𝐵
iv. 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴 and 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐵
v. 𝐴 − 𝐵 = 𝐵̅ − 𝐴̅
vi. If 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 are the non-empty subsets of the universal set 𝑈, then prove
that
a. 𝐴 − (𝐴 − 𝐵) = 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵
b. 𝐴 − (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = (𝐴 − 𝐵) ∩ (𝐴 − 𝐶)
c. 𝐴 − (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) = (𝐴 − 𝐵) ∪ (𝐴 − 𝐶)
d. 𝐴 ∪ (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) = (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) ∩ (𝐴 ∪ 𝐶)
e. 𝐴 ∩ (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∪ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐶)
9. State and prove De-Morgan’s law.
10.If 𝐴 = [−5, 3) and 𝐵 = [−3, 5], find 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 and 𝐴 − 𝐵.
11.If 𝐴 = (−3, 0] and 𝐵 = [−1, 2), find 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 and 𝐵 − 𝐴.
12.State and prove, triangle inequality.
13.If 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅, prove that
i. |𝑥 + 𝑦| ≥ |𝑥| − |𝑦|
ii. |𝑥 − 𝑦| ≤ |𝑥| + |𝑦|
14.Find 𝐴∆𝐵 if 𝐴 = {𝑥: 𝑥 = 2𝑛 + 1, 𝑛 ≤ 5, 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁} and 𝐵 = {𝑥: 𝑥 = 3𝑛 −
2, 𝑛 ≤ 4, 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁}.
15.Find 𝐴∆𝐵 if 𝐴 = {𝑥: 𝑥 = 2𝑛 + 1, 𝑛 ≤ 6, 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁} and 𝐵 = {𝑥: 𝑥 = 3𝑛 −
2, 𝑛 ≤ 3, 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁}.
16.Prove that 𝐴Δ𝐵 = (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) − (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
17.Write the order properties of real numbers. If 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑅 and 𝑎 < 𝑏, define
open, closed and half-open intervals.
18.If 𝐴 = [2, 0) and 𝐵 = (0, 4], compute (i) 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 (ii) 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 (iii) 𝐴 − 𝐵
(iv) 𝐵 − 𝐴.
19.Define absolute value of a real number 𝑥. Also, write the properties of
absolute value.
2
20.Rewrite the inequality |5 − | < 1 without using absolute value sign and
𝑥

draw its graph.

21.State and prove triangle inequality law in real number system. If 𝑎 > 0,
prove that |𝑥| < 𝑎 ⇔ −𝑎 < 𝑥 < 𝑎 ∀ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅.
22.Solve following inequalities.
(i) |5 − 2𝑥| ≥ 5
(ii) |2𝑥 + 1| ≤ 3
(iii) |3 + 2𝑥| = |𝑥 + 1|
(iv) 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6 ≥ 0
(v) 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6 < 0
𝑥−2
(vi) ≤ 4
𝑥+2

Also, draw the graph of the solution sets.

 RELATION, FUNCTION AND GRAPH

1. What do you mean by an ordered pair? If (𝑥 + 2𝑦, 3) = (−1, 2𝑥 − 𝑦), find

𝑥 and 𝑦.
2. What do you mean by a relation from set 𝐴 to set 𝐵? If (2𝑥 − 𝑦, 11) =
(1, 𝑥 + 3𝑦), find 𝑥 and 𝑦.
3. Let 𝐴 = {2, 3, 4}, 𝐵 = {2, 3, 4, 6}. Find a relation from set 𝐴 to set 𝐵
determined by the condition that 𝑥 divides 𝑦. Also, find the domain and
range of the relation.
4. Let 𝐴 = {𝑥: − 1 ≤ 𝑥 < 2, 𝑥 ∈ ℤ} and 𝐵 = {𝑦: 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 }. Find 𝐴 × 𝐵 and
𝐵 × 𝐴 and represent by a mapping diagram and graphically.
5. Let 𝑓: ℝ → ℝ be defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 + 2|. Then show that 𝑓 is neither
one to one nor onto.
6. Define bijective function. Prove that the function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined by
𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 − 3 is a bijective function.
7. Define one to one and onto functions. Show that the function 𝑓: 𝑹 → 𝑹
defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 7 is bijective.
8. Let 𝑓: ℝ → ℝ and 𝑔: ℝ → ℝ be defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 2 and 𝑔(𝑥) =
4𝑥 − 1. Find 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔(𝑥) and 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓(𝑥). Is 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓(𝑥)? Are (𝑓 ∘
𝑔)(𝑥) one to one?
9. Define composite functions of two functions. Let 𝑓: ℝ → ℝ and 𝑔: ℝ → ℝ
defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 4 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 5, find 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔(𝑥) and 𝑔 ∘
𝑓(𝑥). Is 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓(𝑥)? Are (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥) one to one?
10.Define function. Also, define one to one and onto functions. Show that the
function 𝑓: [1, 4] → ℝ defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 is also one to one but not
onto.
11.What condition makes a function to have its inverse? Show that 𝑓: ℝ −
1
{2} → ℝ − {0} given by 𝑓(𝑥) = is bijective. Also, find 𝑓 −1 .
𝑥−2
12.Define bijective function. Prove that 𝑓: ℝ → ℝ defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 3.
𝑥−1
13.Let a function 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 be defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = with 𝐴 =
𝑥+2
1 1 1 2
{−2, 1, − 2 , 0, 2 , 4 , 5}. Find the range of 𝑓. Is the function 𝑓 one to one and

onto both? If not, how can make it one to one and onto both?
14.Define domain and range of a function. Find the domain and the range of
the function 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 3.
15.Find the domain and range of
(i) 𝑦 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 6
(ii) 𝑦 = √𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5
(iii) 𝑦 = √6 − 𝑥 − 𝑥 2
(iv) = √𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 8
𝑥 2 −4 1
(v) 𝑦= (iv) 𝑦 =
𝑥−2 𝑥+3

16.Define exponential function and logarithmic function. What is the relation

between exponential and logarithmic function?
17.If 𝑥 = log 2𝑎 𝑎 , 𝑦 = log 3𝑎 2𝑎 , 𝑧 = log 4𝑎 3𝑎, prove that 𝑥𝑦𝑧 + 1 = 2𝑦𝑧.
log 𝑥 log 𝑦 log 𝑧
18.If = = , prove that 𝑥 𝑥 𝑦 𝑦 𝑧 𝑧 = 1.
𝑦−𝑧 𝑧−𝑥 𝑥−𝑦

19.Prove that (𝑦𝑧)ln 𝑦−ln 𝑧 (𝑧𝑥)ln 𝑧−ln 𝑦 (𝑥𝑦)ln 𝑥−ln 𝑦 = 1.

𝑥+𝑦 1
20.If 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 7𝑥𝑦, then prove that log = (log 𝑥 + log 𝑦).
3 2
1 1 1
21.If 𝑥 = log 𝑎 𝑏𝑐 , 𝑦 = log b 𝑐𝑎 , 𝑧 = log 𝑐 𝑎𝑏, prove that + + =1
𝑥+1 𝑦+1 𝑧+1
 CURVE SKETCHING

1. Test the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 5 + 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 for symmetry.

2. Define even and odd function with suitable examples.
3. Examine the symmetry and even or odd nature of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 .
1
4. Examine the symmetricity of the function (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 + .
𝑒𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥
5. Examine whether the function 𝑓(𝑥) = is even or odd. Also,
𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥

examine for the symmetricity.

6. Define asymptote of the function, find the asymptote of the function
1
𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥−2

7. Test the periodicity of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝜋𝑥 and find its period.
𝑥
8. Test the periodicity of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = tan and find its period.
4

9. Sketch the graph of the following functions with their characteristics.

10.𝑦 = tan 𝑥 (−𝜋 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝜋)
11.𝑦 = 3 sin 𝑥
12.𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 3
13.(𝑥) = 3 − 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2
1
14.𝑦 =
3𝑥

15.𝑦 = 2𝑥 and hence sketch the graph of 𝑦 = log 2 𝑥.

16.𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2)
17.𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 3)
18.𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 5
19.Sketch the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 and hence sketch the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) =
(𝑥 + 1)3 + 2.
20.Sketch the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 and hence sketch the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) =
(𝑥 − 5)2 − 2.
 SEQUENCE AND SERIES

1. Define arithmetic, geometric andd harmonic sequences with example.

2. If 𝐴𝑀, 𝐺𝑀 and 𝐻𝑀 be arithemetic, geometric andd harmonic means of two
unequal positive numbers 𝑎 and 𝑏, then prove that (i) 𝐴𝑀 × 𝐻𝑀 = 𝐺𝑀2
(ii) 𝐴𝑀 > 𝐺𝑀 > 𝐻𝑀.
3. a If G be the geometric mean between two distinct positive numbers a
1 1 1
and b, show that + =
𝐺−𝑎 𝐺−𝑏 𝐺

b. If A and H be respectively the A.M and the H.M of a and b, then prove
𝑎−𝐴 𝑏−𝐴 𝐴
that: × =
𝑎−𝐻 𝑏−𝐻 𝐻

4. If (𝑏 − 𝑐)2 , (𝑐 − 𝑎)2 , (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 are in AP, prove that 𝑏 − 𝑐, 𝑐 − 𝑎, 𝑎 −

𝑏 are in AP.
5. If 𝑎 𝑥 = 𝑏 𝑦 = 𝑐 𝑧 and 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 are in GP, prove that 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 are in HP.
6. The sum of an infinite number of tems in GS is 15 and the sum of their
square is 45. Find the series.
7. A square is drawn by joining the mid points of the sides of a given square.
A third square is drawn inside the second square in the same way and this
process continues indefinitely. If a side of the first square is 16 cm,
determine the sum of the areas of all the squares.
8. Show that 𝑏 2 is greater than or less than 𝑎𝑐 accordingly as 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 are in
A.P. or H.P.
9. If 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 are in A.P., prove that 𝑒 −𝑥 , 𝑒 −𝑦 , 𝑒 −𝑧 are in G.P.
10.If 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 are in A.P., 𝑥 is the G.M. between 𝑎 and 𝑏, 𝑦 is the G.M. between
𝑏 and 𝑐, then prove that 𝑏 2 is the A.M. between 𝑥 2 and 𝑦 2 .
 MATRIX AND DETERMINANT

1. Construct a 3 × 3 matrix whose elements 𝑎𝑖𝑗 are given by 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 𝑖 +

2𝑗
2. Define a matrix. Construct a 3 × 3 matrix whose elements 𝑎𝑖𝑗 are given by
𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 𝑖 + 2𝑗
1 2
3. If 𝐴 = ( ), show that 𝐴2 − 2𝐴 − 5𝐼 = 0, where 0 is the 2 × 2
3 1
null matrix.
4. Verify that for two matrices A and B, it is not necessary that 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐴.
4 −5 2 3
5. If 𝐴 = ( ) and 𝐵 = ( ), verify that (𝐴𝐵)𝑇 = 𝐵𝑇 𝐴𝑇
3 6 −1 −2
2 1
6. Define a matrix. If 𝐴 = ( ), show that 𝐴2 − 𝐴 − 6𝐼 = 0, where 0 is
4 −1
the 2 × 2 null matrix.
3 2 1 2 6 7
7. If 𝐴 = ( ),𝐵 = ( ) and 𝐶 = ( ), verify that (𝐴𝐵)𝐶 =
7 5 2 −1 0 1
𝐴(𝐵𝐶).
8. Construct a 3 × 3 matrix with the formula 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 1 + 𝑖 + 𝑗. Express the
resulting matrix as the sum of a symmetric and a skew-symmetric matrix.
−1 2 0
9. Find the minors and cofactors of 𝐴 = [ 3 2 4].
1 −5 6
3 2 6 7
10.If 𝐴 = ( ) and 𝐵 = ( ), verify that (𝐴𝐵)−1 = 𝐵−1 𝐴−1
7 5 8 9
11.Using the properties of determinant, prove the followings.
1 1 1
a) | 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 | = (𝑏 − 𝑐)(𝑐 − 𝑎)(𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)
𝑎3 𝑏3 𝑐3
 𝑥2 + 1 𝑥𝑦 𝑥𝑧
b) | 𝑥𝑦 2
𝑦 +1 𝑦𝑧 | = 1 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2
𝑥𝑧 𝑦𝑧 𝑧2 + 1
𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 𝑎2 𝑎2
c) | 𝑏 2 𝑐 2 + 𝑎2 𝑏 2 | = 4𝑎2 𝑏 2 𝑐 2
𝑐2 𝑐2 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
𝑎−𝑏−𝑐 2𝑎 2𝑎
d) | 2𝑏 𝑏−𝑐−𝑎 2𝑏 | = (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)3
2𝑐 2𝑐 𝑐−𝑎−𝑏
1 + 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 2𝑎𝑏 −2𝑏
e) | 2𝑎𝑏 1 − 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 2𝑎 | = (1 + 𝑎 2 + 𝑏 2 )3
2𝑏 −2𝑐 1 − 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2
0 𝑎𝑏 2 𝑎𝑐 2
f) |𝑎 2 𝑏 0 𝑏 2 | = 2𝑎3 𝑏 3 𝑐 3
𝑎2 𝑐 𝑏 2 𝑐 0
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
g) |𝑎2 𝑏 2 𝑐 2 | = 𝑎𝑏𝑐(𝑏 − 𝑐)(𝑐 − 𝑎)(𝑎 − 𝑏)
𝑎3 𝑏 3 𝑐 3
𝑎+𝑙 𝑚 𝑛
h) | 𝑙 𝑎+𝑚 𝑛 | = 𝑎2 (𝑎 + 𝑙 + 𝑚 + 𝑛)
𝑙 𝑚 𝑎+𝑛
𝑏+𝑐 𝑎 𝑏
i) | 𝑐 + 𝑎 𝑐 𝑎| = (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)(𝑎 − 𝑐)2
𝑎+𝑏 𝑏 𝑐
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦
j) | 𝑏 𝑐 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑦 | = (𝑏 2 − 𝑎𝑐)(𝑎𝑥 2 + 2𝑏𝑥𝑦 + 𝑐𝑦 2 )
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑦 0
1+𝑥 1 1
1 1 1
k) | 1 1+𝑦 1 | = 𝑥𝑦𝑧 (1 + 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)
1 1 1+𝑧
 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

1. For what values of 𝑚 will the equation

𝑥 2 − 2(5 + 2𝑚)𝑥 + 3(7 + 10𝑚) = 0 have i) equal roots (ii) reciprocal
roots.
2. Find the quadratic equations whose one of roots are
1 1
(i) √ − 1 (ii)
2 3+√2

3. Find a quadratic equation whose roots are three times the roots of 3𝑥 2 −
5𝑥 + 4 = 0
4. Prove that the roots of the equation (ℎ2 − 𝑎𝑏)𝑥 2 + 2(𝑔ℎ − 𝑎𝑓)𝑥 + 𝑔2 −
𝑎𝑐 = 0 will be equal if 𝑎𝑏𝑐 + 2𝑓𝑔ℎ − 𝑎𝑓 2 − 𝑏𝑔2 − 𝑐ℎ2 = 0
5. If the roots of the equation 𝑙𝑥 2 + 𝑛𝑥 + 𝑛 = 0 be in the ratio 𝑝: 𝑞, prove
that
𝑝 𝑞 𝑛
√ + √ +√ = 0
𝑞 𝑝 𝑙
6. Form the quadratic equation whose roots will be the reciprocals of the roots
of the equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 .
7. Determine the value of 𝑚 for which 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑚𝑥 + 2 = 0 and 2𝑥 2 +
3𝑥 − 2 = 0 may have a common root.
8. Discuss the nature of the roots of the equations
(i)x2 + 5x + 6 = 0 (ii) 2x2 + 5x + 1 = 0
(iii) x2  6x + 9 = 0 (iv) x2 + 2x + 5 = 0
9. Find the value of k so that the equation
kx2 + kx + 1 =  4x2  x, have equal roots.
10.If the roots of the equation (a2 + b2) x2  2(ac + bd) x + (c2 + d2) = 0 are
a c
equal, then prove that b = d .

11.Find the value of k for which the equation

(i) 𝑎 𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑘 = 0 has one root reciprocal of the other
(ii) 𝑥 2 + 𝑘𝑥  6 = 0 has one root 2.
(iii) 5𝑥 2 + (𝑘 + 4) 𝑥 + 9 = 0 has roots whose sum is equal to zero.
12.Find a quadratic equation whose roots are three times the roots of
3𝑥 2  5𝑥 + 4 = 0.
13.If one root of the equation 𝑥 2  𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞 = 0 be twice the other, show that
2𝑝2 = 9𝑞.
14.If 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 has its roots in the ratio 3:4, prove that 𝟏𝟐𝒃𝟐 =
𝟒𝟗𝒂𝒄.
15.Prove that the roots of the equation (b  c) x2 + (c  a) x + (a  b) = 0 are
rational, for a, b, c rational. Find the condition for roots to be equal.
16.Show that the roots of the equation 2(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ) 𝑥 2 + 2 (𝑎 + 𝑏) 𝑥 +
1 = 0 can never be real unless a = b.
17.Prove that the roots of the equation 𝑥 2 + (2𝑘  1) 𝑥 + 𝑘 2 = 0, has
1
real roots if 𝑘 ≤ .
4
18.Find the roots of the equation (𝑥 − 5)2 = 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2. Are the roots
irrational? If 𝑥1 and 𝑥2 be the roots of the equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 =
0 (𝑎 ≠ 0), what will be the equation whose roots are 𝑥1 +
𝑥2−1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥1−1 + 𝑥2 ?
19.If the roots of the equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 differ by 1, prove that a2 =
4c + 1
20.Form the quadratic equation whose roots will be the reciprocals of the roots
of the equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0.
21.Find the condition that one root of 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 may be
i) 𝑛 times the other ii) more than the other by ℎ.
22.Show that the roots of the following equation are always real for all values
of a, b, c and they cannot be equal unless a = b = c.
(𝑥  𝑎) (𝑥  𝑏) + (𝑥  𝑏) (𝑥  𝑐 ) + (𝑥  𝑐) (𝑥  𝑎) = 0
23.If the quadratic equations 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 and 𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑎 = 0
have a common root, then prove that 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 𝑐 3 = 3𝑎𝑏𝑐.
24.Determine the value of m for which 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑚𝑥 + 2 = 0 and 2𝑥 2 +
3𝑥 − 2 = 0 may have a common root.
25.If the equations 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 and 𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑎 = 0 have a
common root, then either 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 0, or 𝑎 = 𝑏 = 𝑐.
 COMPLEX NUMBER

1
1. If 𝑖 2 = −1, find the values of (i) 𝑖 7 + (ii) 𝑖 4𝑛+1 , 𝑛 ∈ ℕ.
𝑖4

1+𝑖
2. Express the complex number √ into 𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏.
1−𝑖

3. Find the multiplicative inverse of the complex number 3 + 4𝑖.

5−7𝑖
4. Find the conjugate of the complex number .
5+8𝑖

5. If √𝑥 − 𝑖𝑦 = 𝑎 − 𝑖𝑏, prove that √𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏.

6. If 𝑧 and 𝑤 are two complex numbers, show that |𝑧 + 𝑤|2 +

|𝑧 − 𝑤|2 =2(|𝑧|2 + |𝑤|2 ).

7. If 𝑧 and 𝑤 are two complex numbers, show that |𝑧 + 𝑤| ≤ |𝑧| + |𝑤|.

1 4
8. Prove that: (i) 1 + 𝑖 2 + 𝑖 4 + 𝑖 6 = 0 (ii) (1 + 𝑖)4 (1 + ) = 16.
𝑖

𝑎+𝑖𝑏
9. Show that if is purely a real number then 𝑎𝑑 = 𝑏𝑐.
𝑐+𝑖𝑑

10.For any complex number 𝑧, show that (i) 𝑧𝑧̅ = |𝑧|2 (ii) |𝑧| = |𝑧̅|

11.Define conjugate of a complex number. Write its geometrical meaning.

8−6𝑖
Also, find the square root of .
1+𝑖

2−36𝑖
12.Find the square roots of the complex number .
2+3𝑖

13.Define modulus of a complex number. If 𝑎 and 𝑤 are two complex

numbers, prove that |𝑧 + 𝑤|2 = |𝑧|2 + |𝑤|2 + 2 𝑅𝑒(𝑧𝑤
̅).
𝑢+𝑖𝑣
14.If +𝑖𝑦 = , prove that 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1.
𝑢−𝑖𝑣
 TRIGONOMETRY

1. Prove each of the following

(i) sin−1 x = cos−1 1 − x2
(ii) 3 cos−1 x = cos−1 (4x3 − 3x)
2x
(iii) 2 tan−1 x = tan−1 1 − x2

1 1−x
(iv) tan−1 x = 2 cos−1 1 + x

x x
(v) sin−1 a = tan−1
a − x2
2

1+cos 𝑥 𝜋 𝑥
(vi) tan−1 ( )= 2−2
sin 𝑥
2. Prove the following
i. cos −1 𝑥 + cos −1 𝑦 = cos −1 (𝑥𝑦 − √1 − 𝑥 2 √1 − 𝑦 2 )
1 1 1 1
ii. tan−1 + tan−1 + tan−1 + tan−1 = 𝜋/4
3 5 7 8
−1 𝑚 m−n 𝜋
iii. tan − tan−1 =
𝑛 m+n 4
−1 1 −1 1 𝜋
iv. tan + 2 tan =
7 3 4
ab + 1 bc + 1 ca + 1
v. cot −1 a - b + cot −1 b - c = − cot −1 c - a

vi. tan−1 1 + tan−1 2 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 − 1 3 = 𝜋 =

 1 1
2 tan-1 1 + tan-1 2 + tan-1 3
 
3. Find the value of the following
 1 3
i. sin cos−1 2 + sin−1 5
 
 1 1
ii. cos sin−1 2 + cos−1 2
 
−1 −1
iii. cot (tan x + cot x)
iv. cos2 ( sin−1( 1/ 2 ) ) + sec2 (tan−1 5)
4. Solve the following
(a) cos−1x − sin−1x = 0
𝜋
(b) tan−1 2𝑥 + tan−1 3𝑥 =
4
 (c) sin−1x + sin−1 (1 − x) = cos−1x
(d) cos (2 sin−1x) = 1/2
(e) sin−1 𝑥 + cos −1 (1 − 𝑥) = 𝜋/2
2p 1 − q2
(f) sin−1 1 + p2 − cos−1 1 + q2 = 2 tan−1x

(g) 3 cos −1 𝑥 + sin−1 𝑥 = 𝜋

1 1
5. If sec−1x = cosec−1y, prove that x2 + y2 = 1

−1 1 + x2 - 1 - x 2
6. If tan = 𝛼, prove that 𝑥 2 = sin 2𝛼
1+x + 1-x
2 2

7. If cot −1 𝑥 + cot −1 𝑦 + cot −1 𝑧 = 𝜋, prove that 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑧𝑥 = 1.

8. Find the value of cos tan−1 sin cot−1 x.
9. If cos−1x + cos−1y + cos−1z = 𝝅, show that
x2+y2+z2 + 2xyz = 1.
10.If sin−1x + sin−1y + sin−1z = 𝝅, prove that

𝒙 1 - x2 + 𝒚 1 - y2 + 𝒛 1 - z2 = 𝟐𝒙𝒚𝒛
11.Solve the following trigonometric equations
(i) 2cos2x − 1 = 0 (ii) cosec2 x − 2 = 0
(iii) 7 sin2 x + 3 cos2 x = 4
(iv) 2cos2 x − 5 sin x + 1 = 0
(v) sin 2x + sin 4x = 2 sin 3x
(vi)cos x + cos 3x = cos 2x
(vii) cos x +sin x = cos 2x + sin 2x
(viii) 5 cos 𝑥 − 2 sin 𝑥 = 2
(ix) 3 sin 𝜃 − cos 𝜃 = 2
(x) sin 𝜃 + cos 𝜃 = 2
(xi) sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 = 1
(xii) 3 cosx + sinx = 1
(xii) sec 𝜃 + tan 𝜃 = 2
(xiii) sec2 2x = 1 − tan2x
(xiv) 2 sin2x + 3 cos x + 1 = 0
(xv) 2 cos 2 𝑥 + 3 sin 𝑥 = 0
(xvi) sec x tan x = 2
(xvi) tan 3𝜃 + tan 2𝜃 = 2 tan 2𝜃
𝜋 2𝜋
(xvii) tan ( + 𝑥) + tan ( + 𝑥) = 4
3 3
(xviii) tan2 x + (1 − 3) tan x − 3 = 0
(xix) tan 𝜃 + tan 2𝜃 + tan 3𝜃 = tan 𝜃 tan 2𝜃 tan 3𝜃
(xx) tan 𝜃 + tan 2𝜃 + tan 𝜃 . tan 2𝜃 = 1
 STRAIGHT LINE

1. Find the points on the x-axis whose perpendicular distance from the
𝑥 𝑦
straight line + = 1 is a.
𝑎 𝑏

2. Determine 𝑘 so that the line 3𝑥 − 𝑘𝑦 − 8 = 0 shall make an angle of 450

with the line 3𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 17 = 0.
3. If 𝑃 and 𝑄 are two points on the line 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 1 = 0 and are at distance 5
units from the origin. Find the area of the triangle 𝑂𝑃𝑄.
4. Determine 𝑘 so that the line 3𝑥 + 𝑘𝑦 − 17 = 0 shall make an angle of 450
with the line 3𝑥 − 12𝑦 − 8 = 0.
5. Find the equation of the sides of an equilateral triangle whose vertex is
(−1, 2) and base is 𝑦 = 0.
6. Find the equation of a straight line passing through the intersection of the
lines 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 9 and 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 5 = 0 and making equal intercepts
with the axes.
7. Find the distance between 𝑃(𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) to the line 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0.
𝑥
8. If p is the length of the perpendicular dropped from the origin on line +
𝑎
𝑦 1 1 1
=1 prove that + = .
𝑏 𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑝2

9. Prove that the equation of the straight line which passes through point
(𝑎 cos 3 𝜃 , 𝑎 sin3 𝜃) is perpendicular to the straight line 𝑥 sec 𝜃 +
𝑦 csc 𝜃 = 𝑎 is 𝑥 cos 𝜃 − 𝑦 sin 𝜃 = 2 cos 2𝜃.
10.If given that 𝑝1 and 𝑝2 are the lengths of the perpendiculars drawn from
the points (cos 𝜃 , sin 𝜃) and (− sec 𝜃 , csc 𝜃) on the line 𝑥 sec 𝜃 +
4
𝑦 csc 𝜃 = 0, respectively, prove that − 𝑝22 = 4.
𝑝12
11. If p and p’ be the length of perpendiculars from origin upon the straight
lines, whose equations are 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 + 𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = 𝑎 and 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 −
𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃, prove that 4𝑝2 + 𝑝’2 = 𝑎2 .
12.The origin is a corner of a square and two of its sides are 𝑦 + 2𝑥 = 0 and
𝑦 + 2𝑥 = 3. Find the equation of the remaining sides.
13.Show that the points (1, -2) and (-3, 2) are on the opposite side of the line
3𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 5 = 0.
14.Find the equations of the bisectors of the angles between the straight lines
7𝑥 − 24𝑦 + 55 = 0 and 4𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 65 = 0. Also identify:
a) Origin containing bisector.
b) Acute or obtuse angle bisector.
c) Show that bisectors are perpendicular to each other.
 PAIR OF STRAIGHT LINES

1. What do you mean by the pair of straight lines? Find the single equation
represented by the lines 2𝑥 = 𝑦 and 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1 = 0. Find the separate
equation of the lines represented by 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 + 𝑦 2 = 0.
2. Show that the second-degree homogenous equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2ℎ𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 2 =
0 always represents a pair of straight lines passing through the origin.
3. Find the angle between the lines represented by 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2ℎ𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 2 = 0.
Also find the condition for perpendicular and coincident.
4. Find the equations of bisectors represented by 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2ℎ𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 2 = 0.
5. If the line pairs ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 and a’x2 + 2h’xy + b’ y2 = 0 have the
same bisectors prove that h (a’ – b’) = h’ (a – b).
6. Show that the line 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 bisects the angle between the lines
𝑎𝑥 2 – 2ℎ𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 2 = 0 𝑖𝑓 ℎ(1 – 𝑚2 ) + 𝑚 (𝑎 – 𝑏) = 0.
7. Find the condition, when the general equation of second degree may
represent a pair of lines. Find the value of k so that 𝑥 2 + 𝑘𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑦 2 +
3𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 2 = 0 may represent a line pair.
8. Prove that the straight lines joining the origin to the point of intersection of
𝑥 𝑦 1 1
the line + = 1 and the 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑐 2 are at right angles if + =
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎2 𝑏2
2
.
𝑐2

9. Fins the equations of the two lines represented by the equation 2𝑥 2 +

3𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 + 5𝑥 + 2𝑦 – 3 = 0. Find the point of intersection and also
angle between them.
10. Find the equation of the straight lines which pass through the point
(1, 2) and perpendicular to the straight lines 12𝑥 2 − 7𝑥𝑦 − 12𝑦 2 +
19𝑥 − 17𝑦 + 5 = 0.
11. Find the equation of pair of lines passing through the origin and through
the intersection of the line 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 with the curve 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑎2 .
Prove that the lines are at right angle if 2𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 (1 + 𝑚2 ).
12. Show that the difference of the tangents of the angles which the lines
𝑥 2 (tan2 𝛼 + cos 2 𝛼) − 2𝑥𝑦 tan 𝛼 + 𝑦 2 sin2 𝛼 = 0, make with the axis
of 𝑥 is 2.
 COORDINATES IN SPACE

1. Find the equation of the sphere whose centre is (1, – 2, 3) and radius 4.
2. Show that the line joining the points (1, 2, 3) and (4, 5, 7) is parallel to the
line joining the points (-4, 3, -6) and (2, 9, 2).
3. Prove that: sin2 𝛼 + sin2 𝛽 + sin2 𝛾 = 2.
4. Find the co-ordinates of the point which is equidistant from four points (0,
0, 0); (a, 0, 0); (0, b, 0) and (0, 0, c).
5. If P and Q are points (4, 5, 0) and (2, 6, 2), find the direction ratios and
direction cosines of the line PQ.
6. A line makes angle 60° and 45° with the positive x and y axes respectively.
What angle does it make with the positive z-axis?
7. Find the angle of triangle ABC whose vertices are A (-1, 3, 2), B (2, 3, 5)
and C (3, 5, -2).
8. If O be the origin and P (2, 3, 4) and Q (1, – 2, 1) be any two points, show
that OP is perpendicular to OQ.
9. Find the direction cosines of the line which is perpendicular to the lines
with direction cosines proportional to 3, – 1, 1 and – 3, 2, 4.
10. Show that the points (– 2, 3, 5), (1, 2, 3) and (7, 0, – 1) are collinear.
11.Find the direction cosine of the line which is perpendicular to the lines with
direction ratios 1, -2. -2 and 0, 2, 1
12. Find the lines whose direction cosines (l, m, n) satisfy the equations
l + m + n = 0 and 2lm + 2ln – mn = 0. Also find the angle between them.
1
13. Show that the angle between two diagonals of a cube is cos -1 2.
 
14. The projection of a line on the axes are 6, 2, 3. Find the length of the line
and its direction cosines.
1
15.Show that the angle between two diagonal of a cube is cos −1 (± )
3
16. Find the projection of the join of the pair of points (3, –1, 2) and
(5, – 7, 4) on the following lines
i. on the coordinates axes
ii. on a line whose direction cosines are proportional to 1, – 1, 2
iii. on a line joining the points (0, 1, 0) and (1, 3, 7).
 VECTORS

1. Define direction ratios and direction cosines of a vector. If 𝑙, 𝑚, 𝑛 are

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧), prove that
direction cosines of a vector 𝑂𝑃
𝑙 2 + 𝑚2 + 𝑛2 = 1.
2. Define the terms: (i) Linear combination of vectors (ii) linearly dependent
and independent vectors (iii) collinear vectors (iv) coplanar vectors.

3. If D is the mid-point of BC of a triangle ABC, prove that ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =

𝐴𝐵 + 𝐴𝐶
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ . If ABCD is a parallelogram, 𝐺 is the point of intersection of its
2𝐴𝐷
diagonals and 𝑂, any point, show that ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 + 𝑂𝐵 𝑂𝐶 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐷 = 4 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐺.

4. Show that the vectors 𝑎 − 2 𝑏⃗ + 3 𝑐 ; −2𝑎 + 3 𝑏⃗ − 4𝑐 ; −𝑏⃗ + 2 𝑐 are

coplanar, where 𝑎 , 𝑏⃗ , 𝑐 are any vectors.
⃗ , 2𝑖 − 4𝑗 − 𝑘
5. Determine whether the vectors 𝑖 − 3𝑗 + 2𝑘 ⃗ , 3𝑖 + 2𝑗 − 𝑘
⃗
are linearly independent or dependent.

6. If 𝑎, 𝑏⃗, 𝑐 are linearly independent, show that 𝑎 − 2𝑏⃗ + 3𝑐 , −2𝑎 + 3𝑏⃗ −

4𝑐 and−𝑏⃗ + 2𝑐 are linearly dependent.
 MEASURES OF DISPERSION

1. Calculate the appropriate measure of dispersion from the following data

Daily wages (in Rs) No. of workers

Less than 200 7

200-399 20

400-599 26

600-799 21

800-999 20

1000 and above 6

2. Score of two students for 10 different tests of mathematics out of 100 were
as following.

Student A: 79 78 81 76 72 72 77 74 70 78

Student B: 85 86 82 82 79 86 80 82 76 86

Which student can be considered as more consistent?

3. The mean and standard deviation for a frequency distribution of marks in
mathematics of 200 students were found to be 40 and 14 respectively. Later
it was discovered that the score 43 was misread as 53 in forming the
frequency distribution. Find the mean and standard deviation for the
corrected data
4. Define the following terms with related formulae.
(i) Mean (v) Standard deviation
(ii) Median (vi) Quartile deviation
(iii) Mode (vii) Variance
(iv) Mean deviation (viii) Skewness
5. Find the mean, standard deviation and variance from the following data.
 Marks 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
No. of 5 8 15 16 6
Students

6. Score of two golfers for 10 rounds of a playing series were as following

Golfer A 79 78 81 76 72 72 77 74 70 78
Golfer B 85 86 82 82 79 86 80 82 76 86
Which golfer can be considered as consistent player?
7. Below is given the IQ scores of 120 students of a class.
IQ scores 50- 60- 70- 80- 90- 100- 110- 120- 130-
60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
No. of 5 8 10 18 25 21 19 10 4
students
Calculate the following type of skewness.
i. based on median. iv. based on Karl Pearson's
ii. based on quartiles. definition.
iii. based on mode.
 PROBABILITY

1. State and prove (i) Addition theorem (ii) Multiplication theorem.

2. A lot contains 10 items of which 3 are defective. Three items are chosen
from the lot at random one after another without replacement. Find the
probability that (i) all three are defective (ii) only first one is defective.
3. If two coins are tossed, find the sample space. Also find the probability
of getting a) all heads b) at least one tail
4. Two dice are thrown simultaneously. Find the probability of getting
a) an even number as the sum
b) the sum as the prime number
c) a total of at least 10
d) same number on the both side
e) a multiple of 3 as the sum
f) a multiple of 2 on one dice and a multiple of 3 on other dice
5. A card is drawn at random from a deck of 52 cards. Compute the
following probabilities.
a) cards of heart d) Face cards or Ace cards
b) Heart but no face cards e) No heart but face cards
(King, Queen or Jack) f) Face cards or red cards
c) Heart or face cards
6. Tickets numbered from 1 to 20 are mixed up together and then a ticket
are drawn at random. What is the probability that the ticket has a
number which is a multiple of 3 or 7?
7. Two students X and Y appear in an interview for getting scholarship.
The scholarship can be provided for two persons. The probabilities of
1 1
getting scholarship by X is and getting by 𝑌 𝑖𝑠 . What is the
7 5

probability that:
a. both of them will get scholarship?
 b. at least one of them will get scholarship?
c. none of them will get scholarship?
8. Chance that A will hit a target is 1/4 and the chance that B will hit the
target is 2/3. What is the probability of hitting the target if both A and
B will try?
9. Three coins are tossed once. Find the probability of getting
a. all heads
b. at most two heads
c. exactly on tail
d. a head on first coin
e. at least two heads
f. no heads
g. exactly 2 tails
 LIMIT AND CONTINUITY

sin 𝜃
1. Prove geometrically that lim = 1, where 𝜃 is measured in radian.
𝜃→0 𝜃
2 − 𝑥2 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 < 2
2. Determine the limit of 𝑓(𝑥) = { at 𝑥 = 2, if it exists.
𝑥−4 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 > 2
3. Evaluate the following limits:
𝑥−√2−𝑥 2 𝑥 sec 𝑥−𝑦 sec 𝑦
i. lim vii. lim
𝑥→𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
𝑥→1 2𝑥−√2𝑥 2 +2
tan 𝑥−sin 𝑥
𝑥−√8−𝑥 2 viii. lim
ii. lim 𝑥→0 𝑥3
𝑥→2 √𝑥 2 +12−4
1 cos2 (𝑥+ℎ)−cos2 𝑥
𝑥 6 −2 ix. lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
iii. lim 1
𝑥→64 𝑥 3 −4 𝑥 cos 𝜃−𝜃 cos 𝑥
x. lim
tan(𝑥−𝑎) 𝑥→𝜃 𝑥−𝜃
iv. lim √2𝑥−√3𝑥−𝑎
𝑥→𝑎 2𝑥−2𝑎
1−cos 𝑥
xi. lim
𝑥→𝑎 √𝑥−√𝑎
v. lim
𝑥→0 𝑥2
xii. lim √𝑥(√𝑥 − √𝑥 − 𝑎)
sin 𝑥−sin 𝑦 x→∞
vi. lim
𝑥→𝑦 𝑥−𝑦

𝑥 + 2 for 𝑥 ≠ 2
4. Does the function 𝑓(𝑥) = { have limit at 𝑥 = 2? Justify.
0 for 𝑥 = 2
5. Discuss the contiouity of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥| at 𝑥 = 0.
6. Test the continuity or discontinuity of the function
2𝑥 + 1 for 𝑥 < 1
𝑓(𝑥) = { 2 for 𝑥 = 1 at 𝑥 = 1
3𝑥 for 𝑥 > 1
3
3 + 2𝑥 for − ≤ 𝑥 < 0
2
3
7. If a function is defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 − 2𝑥 for 0 ≤ 𝑥 <
2
3
−3 − 2𝑥 for 𝑥 ≥
{ 2
3
Show that 𝑓(𝑥) is continous at 𝑥 = 0 and discutinous at 𝑥 = .
2
8. What do you mean by dicontinuity of a fucntion? Write the definition of a
removable discontinuity of a funciton at a point.
 APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES

1. From first principle (or by definition), find the derivative of the following
functions:

i. √2𝑥 − 1 1
iii. √
1−𝑥
ii. √2 − 3𝑥
iv. √1 + 𝑥 2
v. 𝑥 + √𝑥 ix. cos 𝑥 2
1 x. tan 3𝑥
vi.
√𝑎𝑥+𝑏
xi. 𝑒 𝑥+3
vii. √sin 2𝑥 𝑎𝑥+𝑏
xii.
viii. √tan 𝑥 √𝑥

xiii. ln(3𝑥 + 5)
2. Determine the interval in which the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 is
increasing and decreasing.
3. Find the interval in which the graph is concave upward and down ward for
the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 5 + 10𝑥 3 + 15𝑥.
4. State the criteria for the function 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) to have local maxima and local
minima at a point. Find the local and local minima of the function 𝑓(𝑥) =
4𝑥 3 − 15𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 7. Also, find the point of inflection.
5. Find the maximum and minimum values of the curve 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 −
9𝑥 + 1 on the interval [−1, 2). Also, find the point of inflection.
6. Find the local maxima and local minima and point of inflection of the
function 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 15𝑥 2 + 36𝑥 + 6.
7. Show that the rectangle of largest possible area for a given perimeter is a
square.
8. Find the two positive numbers whose product is 144 and sum is minimum.
9. A gardener having 120 m of fencing wishes to enclose a rectangular plot
of land and also to erect a fence across the land parallel to two of the sides.
Find the maximum area that he can enclose.
10.A window is in the form of a rectangle surmounted by a semi-circle. If the
total perimeter is 9m, find the radius of the semi-circle for the largest
window area.
 ANTIDERIVATIVE AND ITS APPLICATIONS

1. Evaluate
𝟐𝒙𝒅𝒙
a) ∫
√𝒙𝟐 +𝟓
𝟏
𝟏
b) ∫ (𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐) 𝒆𝒙−𝒙 𝒅𝒙

c) ∫ 𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒅𝒙
d) ∫ 𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 (𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑)𝒅𝒙
√𝟒−𝟗𝒙𝟐
e) ∫ 𝒙
𝒅𝒙

𝒂+𝒙
f) ∫ √𝒂−𝒙 𝒅𝒙

g) ∫ 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
h) ∫ 𝐥𝐧 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝟏
i) ∫ (√𝒙 − ) 𝒅𝒙
√𝒙
𝟐𝒙
j) ∫ 𝒆𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒙𝟐 −𝟕
k) ∫ 𝒙−𝟐
𝒅𝒙

l) ∫ 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒙 (𝐥𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙)𝟑 𝒅𝒙

𝒅𝒙
m) ∫ 𝟏+𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
𝑥 2 +2
n) ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥−2
𝑥−3
o) ∫ 𝑥+3 𝑑𝑥
p) ∫(2𝑥 + 3)√2𝑥 + 5 𝑑𝑥
2. Find the area of the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 36 by using integration.
3. Find the area enclosed by x-axis and the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 24.
4. Find the area of ellipse 4𝑥 2 + 9𝑦 2 = 36 by using method of definite integral.
5. Find the area of the region bounded by 𝑦-axis, the curve 𝑥 2 = 4𝑎(𝑦 − 2𝑎)
and 𝑦 = 6𝑎.
6. Find the area of the region between the curve 𝑦 2 = 16𝑥 and 𝑦 = 2𝑥.
7. Find the area of the region bounded by the curves 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 and 𝑦 2 = 𝑥.
 NEWTON’S METHOD AND BISECTION METHOD

1. Show that the equation 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 − 4 = 0 has two negative roots and
one positive root and find the positive root correct to 3 places of decimal.
2. Use Newton-Raphson method to find the positive root of 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 − 5 =
0 lying between 1 and 2 correct to three places of decimals.
3. Using method of bisection, find the root of equation 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 − 4 = 0 lying
between 1 and 2 correct to 3 places of decimals.
4. Using Newton-Raphson’s method, find the square root of 153 correct to 3
places of decimals.
5. Find the roots of the equation 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 5 = 0 lying between 2 and 3 correct
to three places of decimals by successive bisection method.
6. Solve 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 1 = 0 using Newton-Raphson method taking 𝑥0 = 1 with
error less than 10−4 .
 NUMERICAL INTEGRATION

1. Distinguish between trapezoidal rule and Simpson’s rule to evaluate the

definite integral with approximation.
2. Write the formula of Trapezoidal rule for 𝑛 = 4. Using trapezoidal rule
2
evaluate ∫0 (2𝑥 2 − 1) 𝑑𝑥, 𝑛 = 4.
1
3. Evaluate the integral ∫0 (2𝑥 − 1) 𝑑𝑥 for 𝑛 = 2 and 𝑛 = 3 using trapezoidal
rule. Also, evaluate the integral by using fundamental rule of calculus. What
do you find? Give your idea here.
𝜋/2
4. Using trapezoidal rule, evaluate ∫0 √sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥, 𝑛 = 2.
2 1
5. Apply Simpson’s rule to evaluate the integral ∫0 𝑑𝑥 for 𝑛 = 4. Also,
1+𝑥

estimate the error.

1
6. Using Simpson’s rule, evaluate ∫0 √2𝑥 2 − 1 𝑑𝑥, ℎ = 0.25.