N( 0,  2 )

P
N0 2
 CN(0, N 0 )

N0 2 P (2W)

1  P 
log  1  
2  N 0W 

 P 
log  1  
 N 0W 

 P 
C awgn (P, W) W log  1  
 N 0W 

P (N 0 W)

C awgn
Tx Rx

Tx Rx

 

Tx Rx


Tx Rx
Tens of users Hundreds of antennas

MT MR
Tx Rx Tx Rx

(a) (b)
W log 2(1  S N )
 t1, t2 , tn

h 12

r1 h 11 t 1  h 21 t 2  h 31 t 3
r2 h 12 t 1  h 22 t 2  h 32 t 3
r3 h 13 t 1  h 23 t 2  h 33 t 3

r1 r2
 

[H] 1  [R]

(M T )
(M R )
M T 1 si i th

ES M T

ES
R SS I
M T MT

ES
MT I MT M T M T

M R M T
h i,j j th
i th
ES
MT 2
 h i,j MT MR
j 1

1 1

S1 y1 
S1 y1

 2 2
S2 y2
Signal processor

Signal processor
S2 y2

MT MR

SM yM 
SM T R yM
T R

MIMO radio channel

M R 1

R nn E{nn H }

MR N0
MR
M R 1
 ES

N0

Hs + n

E{rr H }

R rr HR SSH H

tr(R rr )

Ts

H(S)
TS
Tc

H(S)T c
Ts
 Tc

1
Ts
2W

max I(X, Y)
p(x)

R YY E{YY H }
ES
R YY HR XX H H  N 0 I M R
MT
R XX E{ XX H }
R YY

R XX

log 2( det( eR YY )) bps Hz

log 2( det( e 2 I M R ))bps /Hz

 ES 
log 2 det  I M R  HR XX H H  bps /Hz
 M N
T 0 

 ES 
max log 2 det  I M R  HR XX H H  bps /Hz
Tr(R XX )  M T  M N
T 0 

R XX IM T

 ES 
log 2 det  I M R  HH H 
 M TN0 

HH H M R M R
QH M R M R
Q HQ QQ H IMR  diag { 1 2  MR } 1 
 i   i 1
 2i if i = 1, 2, ,r
i 
 0 if i = r, r + 1, , MR

i  diag { 1 2  r}
U V H
  ES 
log 2 det  I M R  QQ H 
 M N
T 0 

det( I m  AB) det( I n  BA ) A(m  n) B(n  m)

Q HQ I MR

 ES 
log 2 det  I M R  
 M N
T 0 
r E
 log 2  1  M T SN 0  i 
i1

 i(i  1, 2, ... , r)
H
HH
 i(i  1, 2, ... , r)
ES
MT

M RM T 2
2
H F
Tr( HH H )  h i,j
i  1 j 1

MR
2
H F  i  i(i  1, 2, ... , M R ) HH H
i1
2
H F

MT MR i j

(i, j  1, 2, ... , M)
M

HH H H HH    I
  M
M 

 E S 
M log 2  1  
 N 0M 2 
 
 2
H F
M2

 E 
M log 2  1  S 
 N 0 

~
s r1

UV H

UH

~ ES
y U HHVs~  U H n
MT

ES ~ ~
s + n
MT

~
y r1 ~
n
r1 E{~~
nn H }
N 0I r ~
s E{~~
ss H } MT
 ~ ES
yi i ~
si +~
ni
MT
2
i E{ s i } (i  1,2, ... , r)
r
i MT
i1

n
Transmitter Channel Receiver

H
V H U
 
S S y y

r  ES  i 
max  log 2  1   i 
r
 M TN0 
  i1
i
i1

opt  M TN0 
i    , i  1, 2, ... , r
 ES  i 
r
  opt
i MT
i1

 (x)
 x if x  0
(x) 
 0 if x  0


r  p 1
M T  N0 1 
 1
r  p  1  E S   i 
 i1 
 
 r  p 1
M N 1 
i   T 0
 E S i  i 
, i  1,2, ... , r  p  1
 i1 

opt
(i. e. ,  r  p  1  0)  r  p+ 1

MTN0
Esi
Discarded
subchannels MTN0
Esi–1


opt MTN0
3
Es3
MTN0
Used 2
opt
subchannels Es2
opt MTN0
1
Es1


  E 2 
log 2  1  s h 
 N 0 
2
log 2(1   h )

Es

N0

MT 1 MR

(h 1 h 2 , ... h M R ) T

 Es 
log 2 det  I M R  HH H 
 M TN0 
MR 2
H
H H  hi MT 1
i1

 MR 2
E S 
log 2 det  1   h i
 N0 
 i1 

2 2 2
h1 h2 hM R

 E 
log 2 det  1 M R s 
 N 0 

log 2 det(1 + M R  )

MR
 MT

(h 1 h 2 ... h M T )
MT 2
HH H  hj
j 1

 MT 2 
ES
log 2  1   h j 
 M TN0 
 j 1 
MT 2

 hj MT
j 1

 ES 
log 2  1  M T 
 M TN0 

 E 
log 2  1  S 
 N0 

MT 2
  hj
j 1

 MT 2
E S 
log 2  1   h j
 N0 
 j 1 
 MT 2

 hj MT
j 1

 E 
log 2  1  M T S 
 N 0 

MT
MT MT
MT
log 2(1  M T M R  )

M TM R

log 2 det(1  M R  )

MR  M T  M

N log 2 (1   )bit s /s /Hz

   Es 
E  log 2 det  I M R  Q 
  M TN0 

 r  Es 
E   log 2  1  x 22i 
 i= 1  M N
T 0 

x 22i

H HH ; M R  M T

HH H ; M R  M T

2 2
44
8 8
60
1*1
50 2*2
4*4
8*8
40
Capacity

30

20

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
SNR in dB
 ri H is i  n i

ri M R 1 si M T 1

ni M R 1

HS  N

r1T r2T . . . rNT 

T
M RN  1

s T1 s T2 . . . s TN 
T
M T N 1

n T1 n T2 . . . n TN 
T
M RN  1

M RN  M T N Hi

R ss E{SS H } Tr( R ss ) NM T
ES

B  Es 
C FS max log 2 det  I M R  HR ss H H 
N Tr( Rss ) NM T  M TN0 
 R ss IM T N

N E
B
C FS
N  log 2det  I M R  M T sN 0 H iH Hi 
i= 1

[i. e. , H i  H(i  1,2, ... , N]

 Es 
C FS log 2 det  I M R  HH H 
 M TN0 

Hi

N   , C FS  C 
FS

B N E 
C FS E  log 2 det  I M R  M T sN 0 H iH Hi 
N i1 

N 

(N  )
 10

8
10% outage capacity (bit/s/Hz)

2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Number of narrowband channels

r(H) E 
B
C FS
N r(H)
max  log 2  1  M Ts Ni 0  i(HH H ) 
  i  NM T i  1
i1

 i(HH H )(i  1,2, ... , r(H)) HH H i

 Propagation
Transmitter environment Receiver

Tx1 Rx1

x1 y1

Tx2 Rx2

x2 y2

TxNT RxNR

xNT yNR
H(NR  NT)
10 15 3  10 – 8 3  10 11
 2


 
 
2





   2 
   
  ( 4 )2 

   2 
   2 
  ( 4 ) 
 df

  

do

 
   
 

   
   




Rant

Vant V to matched
(open circuit) receiver


2
( 4 )

 1

 3

50( 1)( 1)( 1 3 )2


( 4 )2( 100)( 1)




 
 


 
 1

 3

 2   ( 50)( 1)( 2 )( 1 3 )2 
   
 ( 4 )   ( 4 ) 
   

120 120  10 – 10  120

2  2 

  10 – 10  4  50
R

Lamp post

R
 T(Transmitter)
ELOS ETOT = ELOS + Eg
R(Receiver)
Ei
ht Er = Eg
hr
i o

ht hr

  
  
   

   
   
   

    
   
  

E LOS
        
    (– 1)   
       


 T
ELOS
d’
ht–hr R

ht
Eg
hr
d”

ht+hr
ht

     

  

(  ) 

 


 



E LOS

       
     – 0
      

  
   –
   
  
     – 1]
 

E0d0 /d”
ETOT

E 0d 0 
d” E0/d”

2 2
   
( )     – 1)2    
   

( ) 

  
( ) 2  
 2 

    
  
 2  2 2

 

2 
 0

 

2 
( )  

 2 
 

10 – 3

10 – 3

 1

900  10 6 3

2    1  10 3   
   
    


 
120  120  

 )2 1.8( 0.333 )2 
377  4 
 


h 
T 
d1 d2 R

hobs
ht hr
 
T  h
h’
d1 
d2 R

ht
hr

 

 




  

 


T 

hobs–hr
ht –hr
 R
d1 d2



 

2

h
T R

1
d1 2 d2
3


 Huygens secondary
source

T
d1
d2 R

Knife edge
obstruction



 exp((  ) 2)
v
 Specular Specular
reflection reflection

Scattering

Smooth surface Rough surface






 2
    
    
    

  
 (


dT dR

 
 
 

 
 
 
  
( d)     
 





 
 ]  
  
 
 
 
 ]  
  
 


1     
2 
–    
 2   
  
a

Tx

R
Rx
 h2
h4
h3
h1

Rx d1 d2 d3 d4 Tx




LF

G AREA



 S

l
 

X Y
d
v

l   

 

2l 2t
 cos 
 

1  v
cos 
2 t 
 fc





  

  –

 

fc





  


()

2
a2

2
a3

2
2 a5
a1

2
a4

1 2 3 4 5 
    (  )

  ( )

  –(  )2

   (  )


  ( )










 s(t) r(t)
h (t, )

s(t) h (t, ) r(t)

t t t
0 Ts 0  0 Ts+ <<Ts

S(f) H(f) R(f)

f f f
fc fc fc





  
 

s(t) r(t)
h (t, )

s(t) h (t, ) r(t)

t t
0 Ts 0 t 0 Ts Ts+
S(f) H(f) R(f)

f f f
fc fc fc


 



 1


  1  1

P1|dB P2|dB P3|dB

P4|dB   


P(t) dB

1 dB P3 dB

0 dB P1 dB
P2 dB P4 dB
–1 dB

t
t1 t2 t3 t4

P1 P2 P3 P4

       


       


   

 
 







2 
 Tx

fc

Pulse generator

RF link

Rx

Digital
BPF Detector oscilloscope

Tx

fc

Tx chip clock
PN sequence
generator
1 (rms pulse width)
Rc = [Hz] = 1/Tc Resolution 
Rc

Rx chip clock Digital storage

PN sequence oscilloscope
Rx generator
[Hz]

Correlation bandwidth
BW = 2Rc BW = 2(–)

BPF BPF Detector

Wideband filter Narrowband filter @fc

 Rc

2
  
  






 l
 l



 –

 

–1

( – )
 ( )

Tx Rx
Vector network analyzer
with
swept frequency oscillator

X() Y()
S-parameter test set
Port 1 Port 2

Y()
S21 ()  H() =
X()

Inverse
DFT processor

–1
h(t) = FT [H()]
 1
G1

2 Switching
G2 logic
Output
or
demodulators

m
Antenna Gm

Variable gain
Antenna

Control
Comparator Preset threshold

Short-term
average

Receiver
 1 1

G1
2 2
Cophase M
and Detector Output
G2
sum
m m

Antenna Gm

Adaptive control
    (  )

  ( )

  2 –(  )2

   (  )

  ( )

1

50 



1

5 
 9

16 

fm

   

 



 

 
(  )
 (  )

[ [

 
 
 
 *
1

Tx1

s1 – s*2
Information [s1 s2]
Modulator Tx2
source s2 – s*1

 – 
 

( ( )

( ) ( 1
|

( ) ( 2
2|

1

1  
 
S1
n1
–S*2 h1 n2 h1
Channel
Tx1 h2
estimator
ML
+ h1 h2  detector
S2 h2 S1

S*1 Combiner

S2
Tx2

1 2

~ 

~ –

 
 


 ~   )   )*

  –  
~ | )  
~ | ) – 

2
|2 (| |2 | |–1)

 

sj
|2  |2 –1)| |2  (~ , ) |2  |2 –1)| |2  (~ , ) 

~ , ) ~ , ) 

n1

h1 h*1
S0 h1 Channel
+ * 
estimator


S0 ML
h2 + detector
n2

h2 h*2
Channel
+ * 
estimator
 


~  |2 | |2 )  

( , )
, ) ( , ) , )

 –  
 
 – – 

| – |2 | – |2 0 
 2 2
 0 | – | | – | 

( – |2 | – |2 )2
 2

, , ... ,

T1
S1

Information Space-time T2
Modulator
source block encoder
S2
   

 |2 |  ...| |2 )

 
 
 

s 1 
 – 
 
 
 – 
 
 – – – – – – – 
 – – – 
 
 
 – 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

min( 2  )

    

 
 
 
 

 – 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

S7
s 1 , s 2 , ... , s 8

MT


, ... ,

 – 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 

1
2

 
 
 2 
 
 – 
2 2
 
 –  – ) –  – )
 2 2 2 2 
 

 
 
 
 
 – 
 
 –  – ) –  – )
 2 2 2 2 
 –  – ) –  – )
 – 
 2 2 2 2 
 2m

 (| – –  2, |2 |  1,
– |2 )

s1 s2

s1 s2

 [  *1 ( )*    *2 ( )*  –  *1, 

( )*     , j 1 ( )*  ] (| || |)    |2

 * 
  

( )*    ( )*  

  | |2

2
– [  *2 , ( )*  2 , , – 2
 1* , ( )*  ] |  

 [  *2 , ( )*  2 , ] – |2 (–1    | |2 )| |2

2 2
 [  *2 , –( )*  1, ] – (–1    | | )| |2
 , ,

 
2
(  1* ,       , (    1, (    2 , (    3, ) –

2
(–1  2   | | )| |2

 
2
(  2* , –  *1   *3 (    2 , –(    1, (    3, ) –

2
(–1  2   | | )| |2

 
2
(  3* , –  1* , –  2 , (    3, –(    1, –(   2 , ) –

2
(–1  2   | | )| |2

 
2
(–  3* ,   2* , –  *1, –(    3, (    2 , –(    1, ) –

2
(–1  2   | | )| |2

 
2
(–  1* ,   2* ,   3* ,   4* , (    1, (    2 , (    3, ) (   4 , ) –
2
(–1  2   | | )| |2

 
2
(  2* , –  1* , –  4* ,   3* , (    2 , –(    1, –(    4 , (    3, ) –
2
(–1  2   | | )| |2
 
2
(  *3 ,   4* , –  *1, –  *2 ,  (    3,  (    4 , – (    1, – (    2 , ) –
2
 (–1  2  | | )| |2

 
2
(  4* , –  *3 ,   2* , –  1* ,  (    4 , – (    3,  (    2 , – (    1, ) –
2
 (–1  2  | | )| |2

 11 12 ... ... 1 
Transmit
antennas

 ... ... 
 
 
 ... ... 
 
  
 
 

s1 s2

Tx1

s1 – s*2
Information [s1 s2]
Modulator Tx2
source s2 – s*1

, ,
(| |2 | |2 – 1)| |2  (~ , )  (| |2 | |2 – 1)| |2  (~ )  )
 S1
n1
–S*2 h1 n2 h1
Channel
Tx1 h2
estimator
ML
+ h1 h2  detector
S2 h2 S1

S*1 Combiner

S2
Tx2

( , )
( , ) , ) ( – )

 –  
 
 – – 

 |s 2 – 0 
 
 |s 2 – 

2 (~ , ) (~ , ) 

~,
 2

 .

 – 
 
 
 
 
 

(2 4  )   
8 2 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 – 8 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 

   
2
  
2
 *1 , j  ( ) *  2 , j –  –1  | i , j|2

 –  
2 2
  
2
 *2 , – ( ) *   –1  | i j|2


 .. 
 
 .. 
 
 .. 
. . . .. . 
 
 

 
 Multiple
channels

Data
Data Baseband Space-time Space-time Baseband estimate
S/P P/S
modulator coder decoder demodulator

NTX Transmit NRX Receive

antennas antennas

   
 

    
  
 

N 0 /2
 [ , , ... , ]
 ... 
 
 ... 
 
 
 

.... ... e 1L

1 1 ... 1 2 ... 2 ...s M

L
r

2 2
L MR
  –  ,   –  ,
t  1 j 1
  2
 
    
 

,  –    





,  –  


 

Re. 

{ }
(
4

 , , )
 
  ( /4 )
  


/ 2/


  ,  –    –  



(       –    –  



 .../ ,

(  

 

   – 


    
 ,    exp  

 


{ , , ... , }

 ,

 – – – 
 
 – – – 
 
 
 – – – 
 

 

{ }

 , , 
      | |2

2
 (   

( , , .... , )



  2 
   
   4    

 

 
2
  2 exp   

 

MT
–c  i| i ,j|2
   |2 
 i1   



 

 
   |2   w2  )
  2 2
  0 0


1
  1 1

MR
 
 
 
  
  
    
 


–
 ,  2 , ... , 
 
   
 

       
    

     
      
   
1/
 
 

M Rr 

 
 
1

(
( ,[
{ }
 
  
  


/2


   | |2

1 – x 2 /2
 e , 
2
  2 
– 
 
    4 
 

| | | |2

 2


 | | 2

3

   | |2

 

 2D   i


 
   –
 4



 
 2 – 
1      
     –  
2       
 
 

 

 
 
 
  
 

*
 

2
  –

 3


rM R
 , ,
,



 , , ... , ,  , , ... , , ... ,  , , ... , 



(g101, g10,2)

(g11,1, g11,2)
gg

(g1v 2,1, g1v 2,2)

1
ut

1 2
(s , s )

2
ut
2 2
(g v2,1, g v2,2)

(g 21,1, g21,2)

(g20,1, g20,2)

( 0  1 2 3
( 0  1 2 3

0, 

0,  ,

,
v2

( ( (

 ( )
u 1 ( (   
( )


 –  q
 2

 , – , ... , – t 

Vt

 
 , 

–1
 , 
,

2
–  –
  , , ... 
2


2
   – 

2
   

 

2
  j 
 

2 2
  j  –
 

 ( – )

1  2 
 2 
 
2     –

  

( , , , )





   4
 

( )

2
   –


4
2   –


   –  
   exp   2 –  
     0
    
 

1 2   
1      
    –   – 
2 24    
   

2
 –


4
 –



P( s  e )   ...


     11,1     12,1 , ... ,    ,1 

 0

  12 ,1 1 ,1

 ,

 
 
P( s  e )   




 – |2 
 

–
 
–  
  
 

2
 –


 

 
1/

 
1/

 4



 4

 /2 , 0

1  2 
 
 
2   –

 1 
 
 
 


 0
10
4 state
8 state
16 state

–1
10
Frame error rate

–2
10

–3
10
10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
SNR (dB)

0
10
4- state 4 × 2
8- state 4 × 2
Frame error rate

–1
10

–2
10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
SNR (dB)

0
10
4- state 4 × 2
8- state 4 × 2
Frame error rate

–1
10

–2
10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
SNR (dB)
 10 –2

10 –2

0
10 4- state 2T 1R
8- state 2T 1R
16- state 2T 1R

–1
10
Frame error rate

–2
10

–3
10
10 12 14 16 18 20 22
SNR (dB)
 0
10 4- state, 3T 1R
8- state, 3T 1R
16- state, 3T 1R

–1
10
Frame error rate

–2
10

–3
10 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
8
SNR (dB)
 0
10 Uncorr
Corr=0.75
Corr=1
Frame error rate

–1
10

–2
10
5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 9.5 10
SNR (dB)


Equivalent channel

Input
Modulation Encoding Channel Decoding
bitstream
pe



 M TM R

MT
MT

Encoder Int Mapper

Input
bits
S/P

Mr

Encoder Int Mapper

Transmission
antenna array
 MT

MT rm
rc
rm rcM T MR
MR

MR

M TM R

Encoder Int Mapper

Stream rotator

Input
bits
S/P

Mr

Encoder Int Mapper

Project away from

interference from
undecoded layers

Transmission
antenna array Wasted
space-time

Subtract interference
from previously
decoded layers One code word
per diagonal layer
 MT MT

M TM R
 1

Mapper

Spatial interleaver
Input
bits
Encoder S/P

Mr

Mapper

Transmission
antenna array

M T l
MT l

{L 1 , L 2 , ... , L M T }
 Li {([t  i  1] M T  1, l): 0  t  l, }

Li Li 

Li

Li

MT

MT
MT MT
MT
M T l
MT

Li g( x)
g( x)
g( x) x M 1 x M 2 ... x M M T

x M 1 , ... , M M T
K  bl /M T x, g( x)
M 1 , ... , M M T
MT
MT xMj
fi MT Li
ci fi(g( x))
 M 1 , ... , M M T
fi dM R

a 1 , ... a M T  {0,1} a1  a2  aM T M T  d 1:

a 1M 1 a 2 M 2 ... a M T M M T

ai n d 1

dM R M TM R
M 1 , ... , M M T

y(i)

T
y(i) w (i)
f
r  w (i)
b

w (i)
f
m 1 w (i)
b
w (i)
f
w (i)
b
 MT

Input
bits Mr
Encoder Int Mapper S/P

Transmission
antenna array

MT rm rcM T
MT
MR M TM R
 1

Mapper

Input
bits
S/P

Mr

Mapper

Transmission
antenna array

MT

MT

MT MT
 RX
a1
TX RX

Rich scattering
a2 V-blast

enviroment
TX RX signal
Vector
TX a3 processing: RX
encoder
data TX RX estimate a data
and decode
a4
TX RX

RX

MR
MT

HMR M T h i,j
M T MR

(a 1 a 2 ... a M ) T
MR
r1 Ha  v

 {k1 , k2 ... kM T }

r1
y k 1 , y k 2 , ... , y k M
T
a k 1 , a k 2 , ... , a k M
T
y k1 y k2

y k1
w k1
r1 y k1
y k1 w kT r1
1

y k1 ak1
ak1 Q(y k 1 )

a K1 ak1 ak1 r1
r2
r2 r1  a K1(H )k 1

(H )K1 k1

K2 ... KM
T
r2 , r3 , . . . , rM
T

w ki

Hs  n

M R 1

M R M T

M T 1

M R 1
N O IMR
 2
s arg min r  Hs
s

s SM T

s (H HH)1 Hs Hs

(M R  M T  1)
 d 2 
Pe  N e  min 
 2M T 
 

MT MR M T  1

1
B r  1 I H  H
s  MR  H H  H  r
 SNR 
 M R  ( M T  1)
( M T  1) 1
M R  (M T  2 ) ( M T  2 ) 1

ki th

 0, j  i
w kT (H)ri 
i
1, j  i

ki th
ri
ki th H k
j 1

H k j

k1 , k2 , ... , kj
 H

2
kj arg min (G i )j

 {k1 k2 ... ki  1 }
w ki (G i )ki

y ki w kT ri
i

aki Q(y k i )
ri  1 ri  a k i (H)k i

Gi  1 H k
i

i 1
(G i )j Gi

r1
G1 (H HH   2 I M T )1 H H

2
 2
kj arg min (G i )j
j

w k1 (G i )k i
y k1 w kT ri
i

ak1 Q(y k i )
ri  1 ri  a k 1(H)k i
(H H 2 1 H
Gi  1 i Hi  IM T ) Hi

2
ki  1 arg min (G i+ 1 )j
j  (k 1 ,...,k i )

1 1

+
Interleaver
Inner
– Outer
information
bits coded
– bits
Deint Decoder
+
Binary
output
Detector

+
Deint Decoder
– Outer
Inner
coded
information
– bits
bits
Interleaver
+
 MT

s[n] M T 1
r[n] M R 1

L 1
l 0 H ls[n  l]
 M R M T Hl l

Hi

l l
 2l

h l,k( l , 0,1, ... , L  1; k = 0 ,1, ... , M T  1)

M R M R Ri {h l,k h H
l,k
}

sk [s 0k s 1k ...s M T  1] T
k
s ik
L1
H(e j2 ) l 0 H l e  j 2 l ( 0    1)
  j2  k 
sk H e n s k  n k
 
 

sk
nk
 {n k n H
l
}  2n I M R [k  l]

IMR MR

sk sk nk
s [s 0T s 1T ...s N
T ]T
1

[s 0T s 1T ...s N
T ]T
1

[n 0T n 1T ... n N
T ]T
1

s M R N 1 M T N 1

{ nn H }  2n I M R N

NM R  NM T
N1
  j2  k 
diag H e n 
  
 k  0

s Hs  n

1   1 
log 2 det I M R N  HH H 
N    2


 Tr( ) 

NM T  NM T 
  diag(  K } N 1
k0

M T M T k
sk

P
k I (k  0,1, ... , N  1)
M TN MT

1 N1 1 N1    j2  k  H  j2  k  
I  
N Ik N  2  MR
log  det   He N

H  e N
   
k0 k0       
P

M T N 2n

Ik

{I}

(NM T )

1
  k  0 I k 
N1
N

I k(k  0,1, ... , N  1)

H
I k ~ log 2 [det(I M R  H  H  )]
  diag{ i(R)} M R 1
i0

H M R M T CN(0,1)  i(R)

H
{log 2 [det(I M R  H  H  )]}

H MT
log 2 [det(I M R    )]
P

N 2n

 MT
M R  1 
log 2   (1   i(R))  log 2(1   Tr(R))
 i0 

M 1
i  0R log 2(1    i(R))

L 1
1 0 R 1
 1 N1
N k  0 I k
Ik Ik

R l( l  0,1, ... , L  1)

Rl

hi
(i  1,2, ... , P) M 1
M 1

i  1 h i s i  n
P
Hs  n

[s 1 , s 2 , ... , s P ] T P 1 [h 1 , h 2 , ... , h P ] M P
M 1
N OI m

R SS E{ss H }

R SS diag{E s,1 , E s,2 , ...E s,P }

 Jc

J R SS,J HJ
M  c(J) c(J)

 1 
 kJR k  log 2 det  I M 
 N O
H JR SS,J H H
J 


2 P 1

 E s,1 2
R 1  log 2  1  h1 F
 NO

 E s,2 2
R 2  log 2  1  h2 F
 NO

 E s,1 E s,2 
R 1  R 2  log 2 det  I 2  h 1 h 1H  h 2 h 2H 
 N O N O 

R1 A

R2

R yy {yy H }

R yy HR ssH H  N O I M
  det(R yy ) 
Ri log 2  , i
 det(R  E h h ) H
 yy s,i i i 

R1 A
Joint decoding

Independent decoding

R2

Joint decoding
Independent decoding
R1

Orthogonal channels

Parallel
channels

R2
 MT
MT

 MT

MT


MT
 
 (As per New Syllabus)

Semester - VII (ECE) (Professional Elective - III)


 