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Steel-design-Module-2loads

The document discusses the various types of loads acting on structures, including dead loads, live loads, wind loads, and earthquake loads, along with their implications for structural design. It outlines the NSCP 2010 provisions for calculating factored loads using specific equations and examples. Additionally, it includes practice problems and FAQs related to structural analysis and load calculations for reinforced concrete beams.

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Clarisse Jose
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7 views

Steel-design-Module-2loads

The document discusses the various types of loads acting on structures, including dead loads, live loads, wind loads, and earthquake loads, along with their implications for structural design. It outlines the NSCP 2010 provisions for calculating factored loads using specific equations and examples. Additionally, it includes practice problems and FAQs related to structural analysis and load calculations for reinforced concrete beams.

Uploaded by

Clarisse Jose
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Engr. Joel John O.

Bumanglag, CE,MP,S02
“ITS NO FUN IF YOU DON’T TRY OTHER
OPTIONS ONCE YOU KNOW THEY EXIST” –YU
NISHINOYA
The forces that act on a structure are
called loads. They belong to one of two
broad categories: dead load and live load.
 Dead loads are those that are permanent, including the weight of the structure
itself, which sometimes called the self-weight. In addition to the weight of the
structure, dead loads in a building include the weight of nonstructural components
such as floor coverings, partitions, and suspended ceilings (with light fixtures,
mechanical equipment, and plumbing). All of the loads mentioned thus far are
forces resulting from gravity and are referred to as gravity loads.
Live loads, which can also be gravity loads, are those that are not as permanent as
dead loads. They may or may not be acting on the structure at any given time, and
the location may not be fixed. Examples of live loads include furniture, equipment,
and occupants of buildings.
Wind exerts a pressure or suction on the exterior surfaces of a building, and because
of its transient nature, it properly belongs in the category of live loads. Because of
the relative complexity of determining wind loads, however, wind is usually
considered a separate category of loading. Because lateral loads are most
detrimental to tall structures, wind loads are usually not as important for low
buildings, but for uplift on light roof systems can be critical.
Earthquake loads are another special category and need to be considered only in
those geographic locations where there is a reasonable probability of occurrence. A
structural analysis of the effects of an earthquake requires an analysis of the
structure’s response to the ground motion produced by the earthquake.
Other types of live load are often treated as separate categories, such as hydrostatic
pressure and soil pressure, but the cases we have enumerated are the ones
ordinarily encountered in the design of structural steel building frames and their
members.
Other types of live load are often treated as separate categories, such as hydrostatic
pressure and soil pressure, but the cases we have enumerated are the ones
ordinarily encountered in the design of structural steel building frames and their
members.
Registered Civil Engineer(RCE)
- a person who passed a Civil Engineering licensure exam
at ikaw yung person na yun after mo grumaduate sa ULS
Factored Loads (Strength Design Method formerly Ultimate Stress Design)

NSCP 2010 Provisions


409.3 – Required Strength
409.3.1 – Required strength U shall be at least equal to the effects of factored loads
in Eq. (409-1) through Eq. (409-7). The effect of one or more loads not acting
simultaneously shall be investigated.
 a) Since the required factored load is composed of dead load and live load, choose
the load combination in which both are present. Use Eq. 409-2. If other loads are
not given, assume the value of these loads as 0. In this case, the value of F, T, H, and
R is zero.
(Eq. 409-2)
U = 1.2 D + 1.6L + 0.5Lr
U= 1.2 ( 200 kN ) + 1.6 ( 250 kN ) + 0.5 ( 50 kN )
U = 665 kN
 1b) In this case, there are multiple load combinations that contain wind load, which are Eq. 409-3, 409- 4, and
409-6. The given wind load has also two cases, compression and tension. In this scenario, compression is
assumed to be positive while tension is assumed to be negative. Substitute the given values in the following
formulas then choose the largest value among the computed factored loads.
 Compression:
(Eq. 409-3) U = 1.2D + 1.6Lr + 0.8W
U = 1.2 ( 200 kN ) + 1.6 ( 50 kN ) + 0.8 ( 40 kN )
U = 352 kN
(Eq. 409-4) U = 1.2D + 1.6W + 1.0 L + 0.5Lr
U = 1.2 ( 200 kN ) + 1.6 ( 40 kN ) + 1.0 ( 250 kN ) + 0.5 ( 50 kN )
U = 579 kN
(Eq. 409-6)
U = 0.9D + 1.6W U= 0.9 ( 200 kN ) + 1.6 ( 40 kN )
U = 244 kN
 1b) In this case, there are multiple load combinations that contain wind load, which are Eq. 409-3, 409- 4, and
409-6. The given wind load has also two cases, compression and tension. In this scenario, compression is
assumed to be positive while tension is assumed to be negative. Substitute the given values in the following
formulas then choose the largest value among the computed factored loads.
Tension:
(Eq. 409-3) U = 1.2D + 1.6Lr + 0.8W
U = 1.2 ( 200 kN ) + 1.6 ( 50 kN ) + 0.8 ( - 20 kN )
U = 304 kN
(Eq. 409-4)U = 1.2D + 1.6W + 1.0 L + 0.5Lr
U = 1.2 ( 200 kN ) + 1.6 ( - 20 kN ) + 1.0 ( 250 kN ) + 0.5 ( 50 kN )
U = 483 kN
(Eq. 409-6) U = 0.9D + 1.6W
U= 0.9 ( 200 kN ) + 1.6 ( -20 kN )
U = 148 kN Use
U = 579 kN
 1c) As you may have observed from the previous scenario (1b), considering tension forces will yield a smaller value
compared to compression forces. This time, the solution will only include compression forces. Try to use the tension
forces if it will yield a similar result to the previous situation. This time, earthquake loads are the one to be considered
so let us use Eq. 409-3, 409-5, and 409-7, similarly the value of F, T, H, and R is also zero.
 Compression:
(Eq. 409-3) U = 1.2D + 1.6Lr + 1.0E
U = 1.2 ( 200 kN ) + 1.6 ( 50 kN ) + 0.8 ( 50 kN )
U = 360 kN
(Eq. 409-5) U = 1.2D + 1.0E + 0.8L
U = 1.2 ( 200 kN ) + 1.0 ( 50 kN ) + 0.8 ( 250 kN )
U = 490 kN
(Eq. 409-7) U = 0.9D + 1.0E
U= 0.9 ( 200 kN ) + 1.0 ( 50 kN )
U = 230 kN
Use U = 490 kN
 1d) As stated above, the critical load is the one with the greatest value among the
load combinations. Since Eq. 409-2 up to 409-7 has already been computed, let’s
check if Eq. 409-1 will yield a larger value.
(Eq. 409-1) U = 1.4D
U = 1.4 ( 200 kN )
U = 280 kN < 665 kN
Use U = 665 kN
“SOMETIMES I DO FEEL LIKE I’M A FAILURE. LIKE THERE’S NO
HOPE FOR ME. BUT EVEN SO, IM NOT GONNA GIVE UP. EVER!”
-IZUKU MIDORIYA
 Practice Problem 1 Based on the structural analysis performed in a simply-
supported reinforced concrete beam, it yields the following values of un-factored
(service) loads. Floor Dead Load = 80 kN, Floor Live Load = 10 kN/m, Wind Load =
60 kN, and Earthquake Load = 50 kN. The 10m beam has a dimension of 500 mm x
500 mm and the unit weight of concrete used is 24 kN/m^3. Use the provisions
stated in NSCP 2015.
a) Determine the critical factored load in kN.
b) Determine the critical factored moment in kN-m.
 Practice Problem 2 A 5m reinforced concrete beam, with dimensions 300 mm x 500
mm, has a superimposed dead load of 20kN/m and a live load of 10kN/m. If the unit
weight of concrete used in the beam is 24 kN/m^3, what would be the total service
load carried by the beam?
 FAQs
1) Are the given factors only applicable to concentrated loads?
a. No, you can use the factors to turn service moments into ultimate moments. You
can also use it for uniform loads and varying loads, before or after turning them into
concentrated loads, and it will only yield the same answer.
2) Do you have to memorize the provisions stated in the NSCP?
a. Most of the time, no. Certain provisions are given during Board Exams, for
example the provisions included in this module are commonly stated in a given
problem.
3).nagre-reklamong mahirap di naman nag-aaral
4.)Madami babagsag………………………………….pag di nagrereview
5.)Joke lang yang 3 & 4. pakita niyong kaya niyo, konting gigil konting yabang. Kaya
niyo yan
 The floor slab of a library is supporterd by W350x66 sections spaced at s=1.8m on
centers as shown in the figure. Given the following loads:
Floor slab:
unit weigth=23kn/m^3
Thickness= 100mm
Floor Loads
Dead load = 1.2Kpa
Live load = 4.8 Kpa
Determine the following base on LRFD
a.The governing load(kpa) of the slab
b. The governing load of the beam
 Mass of beam, mb=66kg/m
 A.Governing load of slab
 Load of slab
 Weight of slab, Pslab = γs(t)
 Pslab = (23kn/m)(.100m)
 Pslab = 2.3 Kpa

 Dead load
 Pdl=1.2kpa + 2.3kpa
 Pdl =3.5kpa

 LiveLoad
 Pll=4.8kpa
LRFD
Pu=1.4Pdl
=1.4(3.5) = 4.9 Kpa

Pu = 1.2Pdl + 1.6LL
Pu = 1.2(3.5) + 1.6(4.8) = 11.88Kpa

The governing factored load is 11.88Kpa


b. Load of the beam
Weight of the beam
Wb=mb x g
Wb = ((66k)(9.81))/1000 = 0.647 Kn/m

Load from slab


Deadload, Wds = Pdl(s)
Wds=3.5(1.8) = 6.3KN/m

LiveLoad, Wls = Pll(s)


Wls= 4.8(1.8) = 8.64KN/m

Total Uniform Load of the Beam


Deadload, Wdl = Wds + Wb
Wdl = 0.647 +6.3 = 6.947 KN/m

Liveload, Wl= Wls=8.64KN/m

LRFD
Wu=1.2Wdl +1.6Wll
Wu = 1.2(6.947) +1.6(8.64)
Wu = 22.16Kn/m
 Aralin niyo to maigi. Lagi nasa board exam paborito ni maam Praxy. Pag namaster niyo may 3/75 na kayo
sa boards
Refer to the figure shown below
Given: L=8m; S1= S3=2.5m; S2=3m
For maximum stresses, apply the following
1. Pattern loading for liveload
2. Ultimate load combination,U=1.2DL +1.6LL
Note: the figure is 4 equal span.
Use four equal span in finding the reaction, shear and moments.
Required
Tinatamad ako itype turo ko nalang para mas happy
“Kaya mo yan! Kasi kung bibo
ka today dapat mas bibo ka
tomorrow”
-ENGR. JOEL JOHN O. BUMANGLAG,CE,MP,SO2

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