National Movement in

Uttarakhand
-Oracle IAS
 1 85 7
• Khan Bahadur Khan attacked Haldwani multiple times to capture Nainital,
but not successful
• 1 8 5 7 did not affect UK due to
• Memories of Gorkha rule
• British officers like Ramsay who took steps to help people and stopped rebels
• No national consciousness and support of Tehri to British
• Small impact
• Kalu Mahra started a secret organisation in Kali Kumaon but English finished it
• Other leaders: Anand Singh Fartyal, Bishna singh Karayat, Madho Singh, Noor Singh etc.
 Kalu Mahra
• From a rich family and had good relations with Tehri King
and Ruuhela Nawab
• Raided Lohaghat and expelled English from their
barracks.
• Hanged later by the English.
• Almora artillery unit also prepared for rebellion, specially
with news of Nana Saheb’s coming.
• Many people were hanged in this connection.
 After 1 8 5 7
• No political activity for a long time as Almora, Nainital and Ranikhet
were developed as summer holiday spots.
• In 1870 Debating Club was established in Nainital. It was
encouraged by English.
• To publish its activities Almora Akhbar started in 1871(first Hindi
newspaper of UP). Editors: Buddhivallabh Pant, later Sadanand
Sanwal
• In 1883, a meeting was held in support of Ilbert Bill under
Buddhivallabh Pant
 Impact of Ar ya Samaj
• Swami Dayanand came to Haridwar Kumbh of 1 8 9 7 and
debated with religious figures and gave lectures( Pakhand
Khandini Pataka)
• Many people were inspired by him and many conversions
to other religions were stopped in Dehradun.
• He also inspired revolutionaries and political activists
 Rash Behari Bose
• Worked as head clerk in FRI
• Established a secrest revolutionary organisation and made
plans to assassinate Lord Hardinge. They usually met in
Tagore Villa.
• Bomb thrown on Lord Hardinge but he escaped death.
• Bose came back to Dehradun and on being seen with
suspicion by police, escaped.
 Spread of Nationalism
• Happy Club in Almora by G B Pant and Hargovind Pant-
1903. Purpose was to politically awaken youth. Limited
membership and they met far from city.
• Demostrations w er e held in Almora against partition of
Bengal: 1 9 05
• Garhwal union started publishing ‘Garhwali’ newspaper in
1 9 05 from Dehradun. It spread political and social
consciousness in garhwal.
• In 1 9 1 3 B D Pande became editor of Almora Akhbar and
made nationalism popular.
 Spread of Nationalism II
• Swami Satyadev established ‘shuddh Sahitya Samiti’
• Home Rule L e a g u e branch in Almora est by Mohan Joshi,
Chiranjilal, Hemchandra, Badri Dutt Pande
• Swami Vicharanand Saraswati est branch of HRL in Dehradun
• Kumaon Parishad established in 1 9 1 6 in Nainital for Political,
social, economic and educational issues of Kumaon
• Swaraj meetings in Nainital and Almora in 1 9 1 7
 Kumaon Parishad I
• From 1916-26 it represented National movement in Uttarakhand
• Efforts started from 1908 and est in 1 9 1 6 .
• First session in Almora in chairmanship of Jaidutt Joshi.
• Major leaders: Hargvind Pant, G B pant, B D Pande, Indralal Sah,
Chandralal Sah, Mohan Singh Daramwal, Prem Vallabh Pande, Mohan
Joshi etc.
• It was active in Home Rule League movement. B D Pande was a big
supporter of Tilak.
• After 1 9 1 9 its leadership went to extremist leaders.
 Kumaon Parishad II
• Its second session happened in Haldwani in 1 9 1 8 under Taradutt
Gairola
• The major issues w e re Forest act and Kuli Begar, Utaar and Bardayash
• Almora Akhbar stopped publication in 1 9 1 8 due to govt repression and
Shakti weekly started
• It opposed Rowlett act, while supporting Satyagrah league of Gandhiji
• It be ca me very popular during this and reached small places
• Established Nayak Sudhar Samiti in 1 9 1 9
 Kumaon Parishad III
• Third president: Rai Bahadur Badri Dutt joshi at Kotdwar-1919
• 4 th : Hargovind Pant at Kashipur-1920
• Invited Gandhiji and Swami Satyadev at Nagpur -1920
• Start of Kuli Begar movement:- Chami village in Katyur valley-1 Jan 1 9 2 1
• Previous attempts to abolish this: 1 8 2 2 by Trail, resistance in 1840s and 50s
• 1 4 . 0 1 . 1 9 2 1 : Registers thrown in saryu as part of non-cooperation
• Next few days meetings at Pithoragarh, Almora, Haldwani etc.
• Manmohan Singh Mehta was arrested in Mach 1 9 2 1 - first arrest in N M from Kumaon
• In 1 9 2 6 Kumaon Parishad merged in Congress
 N M in Garhwal
• Initial leaders like Taradutt Gairola, Patiram Parmar, etc were moderates
• Mukundilal and Anusuya Prasad took to extremism after 1 9 1 9
• Gandhi came to Dehradun in 1 9 1 6
• In non-coop movement, many lawyers left practice
• Nehru incident: savoy hotel
• Refusal to carry rations to Chakrata for army
• 1922: Vicharanand Saraswati started ‘Abhay’
• 1922-29- In Kumaon and Garhwal forest movements
• 1929:- Kumaon tour of Gandhiji
 1 930
0
• 1930- Peshawar incident 2/18 Garhwal
• Unique protest
• Influenced Garhwali soldiers to defect to Azad Hind Fauz in 1940s
• Kesari chand of INA w a s hanged in Delhi
• 1930-Dandi march
• Jyoti Ram Kandpal, Bharav Dutt Joshi, Khadak Bahadur
• Kandpal w a s also involved in Dharasana raid. Established Udyog Mandir Ashram in
Deghat for Khadi.
• Gandhi also sent Shanti Lal Trivedi to establish Ashram near Chanauda
 1930 II
• Salt Satyagrah in Almora and Nainital soon took form of Flag
satyagrah. Satyagrahis were beaten with lathis in Almora. Victor
Mohan Joshi was permanently handicapped but Flag raised in
Almora. Satyagrah became ubiquitous.
• In Salt almost all Malguzars resigned. Complete non-cooperation and
many arrested for breaking forest laws.
• Kumaon Conference in Dugadda in 1930
• Women participation- meeting in Bageshwar, Kunti Varma led
picketing in Haldwani and arrested with others
 Revolutionar y movement
• Bhavani singh- Gadodiya Store Dacoity and came to
Dugadda for providing Pistol training.
• Indra Singh Garhwali- Naujawan Bharat Sabha, HSRA,
Madras Bomb Case-1933; 20 years in Andman
• Bacchulal: Ooty Bank Dacoity; 1 8 years jail
 Shilpkar movements
• 1905- Tamta sudharini sabha; later it became Shilpkar Sabha
• Almora Akhbar and Garhwali started writing about Shilpkars in
1912-13
• Shrikrishan Tamta as Chairman of Almora
• Lala Lajpat Rai started giving them Janeu in 1930- Nainital, village
Sunakia- and they took title Arya. Khushiram led this movement.
• Officially recognised caste as Shilpkar in 1 932.
• After 1934, joined N M
 Shilpkar movements II
• Tamta Sabha became Shilpkar Sabha in 1 9 1 3
• Khusiram, Bachiram and Hari Tamta led this
• They were prevented from joining N M for a very long time
• A segment of Shilpkars became pro-govt in this period-
Pro Ambedkar stand
• Jayanand Bharti led Dola Palki movement in Garhwal.
 National Movement 1931-32
• Aman Sabha was pro English org which invited Malcom
Halley-Gov of UP to Pauri
• Jayanand Bharti disrupted this meeting and got 1 year jail
• Picketing of wine shops in 1 9 3 2
• Nehru visited Srinagar and emphasized unity of Garhwal.
• Jagrit Garhwal Sangh established to oppose increased
rent and agitate for motor roads.
 QIM
• 09.08.1942
• In almora, HG Pant, BD Pande, Manohar Pant-editor,
Pant Shakti- etc were arrested
• Commissioner Acton injured by stonepelting of students.
• General fine was imposed on Almora, and all teachers
• Deghat and Salam saw firing in which many people died. Salam condition was
out of control. Leader in Salam- Ram Singh Azad
• Salt: no British Rule; second Bardoli
• Chanauda ashram played important role
• Dak Banglas, Telephone wires etc. destroyed in many areas.
 INA
• Gyan Singh Bisht and Mohan Singh Bagdi
• Colonal Chandra Singh Negi principle of Officer Training
School in Singapore
• Major Deb Singh Danu- personal adjutant of Netaji
• Lt. Col. P S Raturi, Major Padm Singh
 Literature and journalism
● Maularam
● Gumani pant
●
Krishna Pandey
●
During period of ramsey, education spread
●
First English newspaper : The Hills from Mussoorie by
John Mckinnen
●
First native language newspaper : Samay Binod, Nainital,
Jaydutt Joshi
 Journalism II
●
Almora Akhbar : 1 8 7 1 , Buddhivallabh Pant, after 1 9 1 3 B D
Pandey
●
Kurmanchal Samachar : 1 89 3
●
Garhwal Samachar : 1902, Lansdown, G D Naithani
●
Almora Akhbar closed in 1 9 1 8 due to extremist line,
Pandey brought out Shakti
●
Garhwali under B D Chandola became fierce critic of
govt
 Journalism III
● Tarun Kumaun : Mukundilal
● Vishal Kirti : Sadanand Kukreti
●
Swadheen Praja : Victor Mohan Joshi
●
Jagrit Janta : Pitambar Pandey
●
Karm Bhumi : Bhakt Darshan and Bhairav Dutt Dhuliya
Movements in Tehri Raj

-Oracle IAS