Scribd
Upload
3 views

Lect-8

The document discusses frequency domain enhancement in digital image processing, focusing on the Fourier transform and its applications. It explains the concepts of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), inverse DFT, and various frequency domain filters such as low pass, high pass, and bandreject filters. The lecture also references key readings and acknowledges sources used in the presentation.

Uploaded by

Suniya Shahid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views

Lect-8

The document discusses frequency domain enhancement in digital image processing, focusing on the Fourier transform and its applications. It explains the concepts of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), inverse DFT, and various frequency domain filters such as low pass, high pass, and bandreject filters. The lecture also references key readings and acknowledges sources used in the presentation.

Uploaded by

Suniya Shahid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 51

Digital Image Processing

Lecture # 8
Frequency Domain Enhancement

1
Image Enhancement in
Frequency Domain
Joseph Fourier (1768 – 1830)

– Most famous for his work “La


Théorie Analitique de la Chaleur”
published in 1822
– Translated into English in 1878:
“The Analytic Theory of Heat”

Nobody paid much attention when the work was first published
One of the most important mathematical theories in modern engineering

3
Background
• Any function that periodically repeats itself can
be expressed as the sum of sines and/or cosines
of different frequencies, each multiplied by a
different coefficient (Fourier series).
• Even functions that are not periodic (but whose
area under the curve is finite) can be expressed
as the integral of sines and/or cosines multiplied
by a weighting function (Fourier transform).
The big idea …
Any function that periodically repeats itself can be expressed as a sum of sines and
cosines of different frequencies each multiplied by a different coefficient – a Fourier
series

5
The big idea…

Approximating a square wave as the sum of


sine waves

6
Frequencies in Images
Frequencies in Images

9
Basic 2D FT
2D FT
Example
Example
Example
2D FT to 2D DFT
The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)

The Discrete Fourier Transform of f(x, y), for x = 0, 1,


2…M-1 and y = 0,1,2…N-1, denoted by F(u, v), is
given by the equation:
M −1 N −1
F (u, v) =  f ( x, y)e − j 2 ( ux / M +vy / N )

x =0 y =0

for u = 0, 1, 2…M-1 and v = 0, 1, 2…N-1.

19
DFT & Images

DFT

Scanning electron microscope Fourier spectrum of the image


image of an integrated circuit
magnified ~2500 times

20
The Inverse DFT
It is really important to note that the Fourier
transform is completely reversible
The inverse DFT is given by:
M −1 N −1
1
f ( x, y) = 
MN u =0 v=0
F (u, v)e j 2 ( ux / M +vy / N )

for x = 0, 1, 2…M-1 and y = 0, 1, 2…N-1

21
Frequencies in Images
Some Basic Frequency Domain Filters
Low Pass Filter

High Pass Filter


23
Ideal Low Pass Filter
Simply cut off all high frequency components that
are a specified distance D0 from the origin

25
Ideal Low Pass Filter (cont…)

27
Results of ILPF
Spatial representation of ILPF
Butterworth LPF
Results of
Butterworth LPF
Spatial representation of
butterworth LPF
Gaussian LPF
Results of Gaussian
LPF
Applications of LPFs
Applications of LPFs
Applications of LPFs
LPF Summary
Highpass Filter (HPFs)
Spatial representation of IHPF
Results of IHPF
Results of BHPF
Results of GHPF
Applications of HPFs
Applications of HPFs
Summary of HPFs
Bandreject Filters
Bandreject and bandpass Filters
Summary of Bandreject Filters
Readings from Book (3rd Edn.)

• Frequency Domain (Chapter-4)


• Frequency Filters (Chapter-4)
Acknowledgements
 Digital Image Processing”, Rafael C. Gonzalez & Richard E. Woods, Addison-Wesley,
Material in these slides has been taken from, the following resources

2002
 Peters, Richard Alan, II, Lectures on Image Processing, Vanderbilt University, Nashville,
TN, April 2008
 Brian Mac Namee, Digitial Image Processing, School of Computing, Dublin Institute of
Technology
 Computer Vision for Computer Graphics, Mark Borg

51

You might also like