Access answers to ML Aggarwal Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 5 –

Simultaneous Linear Equations

Exercise 5.1
Solve the following systems of simultaneous linear equations by the substitution method (1
to 4):
1. (i) x + y = 14
x–y=4
(ii) s – t = 3
s/3 + t/2 = 6
(iii) 2x + 3y = 9
3x + 4y = 5
(iv) 3x – 5y = 4
9x – 2y = 7
Solution:
(i) x + y = 14
x–y=4
It can be written as
x=4+y
By substituting the value in the above equation
4 + y + y = 14
By further calculation
2y = 14 – 4 = 10
Dividing by 2
y = 10/2 = 5
So we get
x=4+5=9
Hence, x = 9 and y = 5.
(ii) s – t = 3
s/3 + t/2 = 6
By taking LCM
2s + 3t = 6 × 6 = 36
We know that
s – t = 3 …. (1)
2s + 3t = 36 ….. (2)
So we get
s = 3 + t …. (3)
By substituting the value of s in equation (2)
2 (3 + t) + 3t = 36
By further calculation
6 + 2t + 3t = 36
So we get
5t = 36 – 6 = 30
By division
t = 30/5 = 6
Substituting t in equation (3)
s=3+6=9
Hence, s = 9 and t = 6.
(iii) 2x + 3y = 9 …. (1)
3x + 4y = 5 ….. (2)
Equation (1) can be written as
2x = 9 – 3y
x = (9 – 3y)/ 2 …. (3)
By substituting the value of x in equation (2)
3 × (9 – 3y)/ 2 + 4y = 5
By further calculation
(27 – 9y)/ 2 + 4y = 5
By taking LCM
27 – 9y + 8y = 10
So we get
-y = – 17
y = 17
Substituting y in equation (3)
x = [9 – (3 × 17)]/ 2
By further calculation
x = (9 – 51)/ 2
x = – 21
Hence, x = – 21 and y = 17.
(iv) 3x – 5y = 4 ….. (1)
9x – 2y = 7 …. (2)
Multiply equation (1) by 3
9x – 15y = 12
9x – 2y = 7
By subtracting both the equations
– 13y = 5
y = -5/13
Equation (1) can be written as
3x – 5y = 4
x = (4 + 5y)/ 3 ….. (3)
By substituting the value of x in equation (2)
9 [(4 + 5y)/ 3] – 2y = 7
By further calculation
12 + 15y – 2y = 7
13y = – 5
So we get
y = -5/13
Substituting y in equation (3)
Hence, x = 9/13 and y = – 5/13.
2. (i) a + 3b = 5
7a – 8b = 6
(ii) 5x + 4y – 4 = 0
x – 20 = 12y
Solution:
(i) a + 3b = 5 …. (1)
7a – 8b = 6 ….. (2)
Now multiply equation (1) by 7
7a + 21b = 35 …. (3)
7a – 8b = 6 ….. (4)
By subtracting both the equations
29b = 29
So we get
b = 29/29 = 1
Now substituting b = 1 in equation (1)
a + 3 (1) = 5
By further calculation
a+3=5
So we get
a=5–3=2
Therefore, a = 2 and b = 1.
(ii) 5x + 4y – 4 = 0
x – 20 = 12y
We can write it as
5x + 4y = 4 …. (1)
x – 12y = 20 ….. (2)
Now multiply equation (2) by 5
5x + 4y = 4 …. (3)
5x – 60y = 100
By subtracting both the equations
64y = – 96
So we get
y = -96/64 = – 3/2
Now substitute the value of y in equation (1)
5x + 4 (-3/2) = 4
By further calculation
5x + 2 (-3) = 4
So we get
5x – 6 = 4
5x = 4 + 6 = 10
By division
x = 10/5 = 2
Therefore, x = 2 and y = – 3/2.
3. (i) 2x – 3y/4 = 3
5x – 2y – 7 = 0
(ii) 2x + 3y = 23
5x – 20 = 8y
Solution:
(i) 2x – 3y/4 = 3
5x – 2y – 7 = 0
We can write it as
2x/1 – 3y/4 = 3
By taking LCM
(8x – 3y)/ 4 = 3
By cross multiplication
8x – 3y = 12 ….. (1)
5x – 2y = 7 …. (2)
Now multiply equation (1) by 2 and (2) by 3
16x – 6y = 24
15x – 6y = 21
By subtracting both the equations
x=3
Now substituting the value of x in equation (1)
8 × 3 – 3y = 12
By further calculation
24 – 3y = 12
– 3y = 12 – 24
So we get
– 3y = – 12
y = – 12/-3 = 4
Therefore, x = 3 and y = 4.
(ii) 2x + 3y = 23
5x – 20 = 8y
We can write it as
2x + 3y = 23 …. (1)
5x – 8y = 20 …. (2)
By multiplying equation (1) by 5 and equation (2) by 2
10x + 15y = 115
10x – 16y = 40
By subtracting both the equations
31y = 75
So we get
y = 75/31 = 2 13/31
By substituting the value of y in equation (1)
2x + 3 (75/31) = 23
By further calculation
2x + 225/31 = 23
We can write it as
2x = 23/1 – 225/31
Taking LCM
2x = (713 – 225)/ 31 = 488/31
So we get
x = 488/ (31 × 2) = 244/ 31 = 7 27/31
Therefore, x = 7 27/31 and y = 2 13/31.
4. (i) mx – ny = m2 + n2
x + y = 2m
(ii) 2x/a + y/b = 2
x/a – y/b = 4
Solution:
(i) mx – ny = m2 + n2 …. (1)
x + y = 2m …. (2)
We can write it as
x = 2m – y ….. (3)
Now substitute the value of x in (1)
m (2m – y) – ny = m2 + n2
By further calculation
2m2 – my – ny = = m2 + n2
Taking out y as common
m2 – y (m + n) = n2
It can be written as
m2 – n2 – y (m + n) = 0
Expanding using formula
(m – n) (m + n) – y (m + n) = 0
Taking (m + n) as common
(m + n) [(m – n) – y] = 0
So we get
m–n–y=0
y=m–n
From equation (3)
x = 2m – (m – n)
By further calculation
x = 2m – m + n = m + n
Hence, x = m + n and y = m – n.
(ii) 2x/a + y/b = 2 …. (1)
x/a – y/b = 4 …. (2)
Adding both the equations
3x/a = 6
So we get
x = 6a/3 = 2a
Substituting x in equation (1)
2 (2a)/ a + y/b = 2
By further calculation
4a/a + y/b = 2
So we get
4 + y/b = 2
y/b = 2 – 4 = – 2
Here
y = – 2b
Therefore, x = 2a and y = – 2b.
5. Solve 2x + y = 35, 3x + 4y = 65. Hence, find the value of x/y.
Solution:
It is given that
2x + y = 35 …. (1)
3x + 4y = 65 ….. (2)
Now multiply equation (1) by 4
8x + 4y = 140 …. (3)
3x + 4y = 65 …. (4)
By subtracting both the equations
5x = 75
x = 75/5 = 15
Now substituting the value of x in equation (1)
8 × 15 + 4y = 140
By further calculation
120 + 4y = 140
4y = 140 – 120
So we get
4y = 20
y = 20/4 = 5
Here
x/y = 15/5 = 3
Therefore, x/y = 3.
6. Solve the simultaneous equations 3x – y = 5, 4x – 3y = – 1. Hence, find p, if y = px – 3.
Solution:
It is given that
3x – y = 5 ….. (1)
4x – 3y = – 1 ….. (2)
Now multiply equation (1) by 3
9x – 3y = 15 ….. (3)
4x – 3y = – 1 ….. (4)
Subtracting equation (3) and (4)
5x = 16
x = 16/5
Substitute the value of x in equation (3)
3 × 16/5 – y = 5
By further calculation
48/5 – y = 5
48/5 – 5 = y
Taking LCM
(48 – 25)/ 5 = y
So we get
y = 23/5
We know that
y = px – 3
23/5 = p × 16/5 – 3
Substitute the value of x and y
23/5 + 3 = 16p/5
Taking LCM
(23 + 15)/ 5 = 16p/5
By further calculation
38/5 = 16p/5
So we get
16p = 38
p = 19/8
Therefore, x = 16/5, y = 23/5 and p = 19/8.
Exercise 5.2
Solve the following systems of simultaneous linear equations by the elimination method (1
to 9):
1. (i) 3x + 4y = 10
2x – 2y = 2
(ii) 2x = 5y + 4
3x – 2y + 16 = 0
Solution:
(i) 3x + 4y = 10 ….. (1)
2x – 2y = 2 ….. (2)
Multiplying equation (1) by 1 and (2) by 2
3x + 4y = 10
4x – 4y = 4
By adding both the equations
7x = 14
By division
x = 14/7 = 2
Substituting the value of x in equation (2)
2 × 2 – 2y = 2
By further calculation
4 – 2y = 2
So we get
2y = 4 – 2 = 2
y = 2/2 = 1
Therefore, x = 2 and y = 1.
(ii) 2x = 5y + 4
3x – 2y + 16 = 0
We can write it as
2x – 5y = 4 …. (1)
3x – 2y = – 16 ….. (2)
Now multiply equation (1) by 3 and (2) by 2
6x – 15y = 12 ….. (3)
6x – 4y = – 32 ….. (4)
By subtracting both the equations
– 11y = 44
y = -44/11 = – 4
Substitute the value of y in equation (1)
2x – 5 (-4) = 4
By further calculation
2x + 20 = 4
So we get
2x = 4 – 20 = – 16
x = – 16/2 = – 8
Therefore, x = – 8 and y = – 4.
2. (i) ¾ x – 2/3 y = 1
3/8 x – 1/6 y = 1
(ii) 2x – 3y – 3 = 0
2x/3 + 4y + ½ = 0.
Solution:
(i) ¾ x – 2/3 y = 1
3/8 x – 1/6 y = 1
We can write it as
¾ x – 2/3 y = 1
(9x – 8y)/ 12 = 1
By cross multiplication
9x – 8y = 12 ….. (1)
3/8 x – 1/6 y = 1
(9x – 4y)/ 24 = 1
By cross multiplication
9x – 4y = 24 ….. (2)
Subtracting equations (1) and (2)
– 4y = – 12
By division
y = – 12/ – 4 = 3
Substitute the value of y in (1)
9x – 8 × 3 = 12
By further calculation
9x – 24 = 12
9x = 12 + 24 = 36
By division
x = 36/ 9 = 4
Therefore, x = 4 and y = 3.
(ii) 2x – 3y – 3 = 0
2x/3 + 4y + ½ = 0
We can write it as
2x – 3y – 3 = 0
2x – 3y = 3 ….. (1)
2x/3 + 4y + ½ = 0
2x/3 + 4y = – ½
Taking LCM
(2x + 12y)/ 3 = – ½
By cross multiplication
2 (2x + 12y) = – 1 × 3
So we get
4x + 24y = – 3 …. (2)
Multiply equation (1) by 2
4x – 6y = 6
4x + 24y = – 3
By subtracting both the equations
– 30y = 9
So we get
y = -9/30 = – 3/10
Substitute the value of y in equation (1)
2x – 3 (-3/10) = 3
By further calculation
2x + 9/10 = 3
We can write it as
2x = 3 – 9/10
By taking LCM
2x = (30 – 9)/ 10
So we get
2x = 21/10
x = 21/20
Therefore, x = 21/20 and y = – 3/10.
3. (i) 15x – 14y = 117
14x – 15y = 115
(ii) 41x + 53y = 135
53x + 41y = 147.
Solution:
(i) 15x – 14y = 117 ….. (1)
14x – 15y = 115 ….. (2)
Now multiply equation (1) by 14 and (2) by 15
210x – 196y = 1638 …. (3)
210x – 225y = 1725 ….. (4)
By subtracting both the equations
29y = – 87
So we get
y = -87/29 = – 3
Substitute the value of y in equation (1)
15x – 14 (-3) = 117
By further calculation
15x + 42 = 117
So we get
15x = 117 – 42 = 75
By division
x = 75/15 = 5
Therefore, x = 5 and y = – 3.
(ii) 41x + 53y = 135 ….. (1)
53x + 41y = 147 ….. (2)
Now multiply equation (1) by 53 and (2) by 41
2173x + 2809y = 7155 ….. (3)
2173x + 1681y = 6027 ….. (4)
By subtracting both the equations
1128y = 1128
So we get
y = 1128/1128 = 1
Substitute the value of y in equation (1)
41x + 53 × 1 = 135
By further calculation
41x + 53 = 135
So we get
41x = 135 – 53 = 82
By division
x = 82/41 = 2
Therefore, x = 2 and y = 1.
4. (i) x/6 = y – 6
3x/4 = 1 + y
(ii) x – 2/3 y = 8/3
2x/5 – y = 7/5.
Solution:
(i) x/6 = y – 6
3x/4 = 1 + y
We can write it as
x = 6 (y – 6)
x = 6y – 36
x – 6y = – 36 ….. (1)
3x/4 = 1 + y
By cross multiplication
3x = 4 (1 + y)
So we get
3x = 4 + 4y
3x – 4y = 4 …. (2)
Multiply equation (1) by 3
3x – 18y = – 108
3x – 4y = 4
Subtracting both the equations
– 14y = – 112
So we get
y = – 112/- 14 = 8
Substitute the value of y in equation (1)
x – 6 × 8 = – 36
By further calculation
x – 48 = – 36
x = – 36 + 48
x = 12
Therefore, x = 12 and y = 8.
(ii) x – 2/3 y = 8/3
2x/5 – y = 7/5
We can write it as
x – 2/3 y = 8/3
Taking LCM
(3x – 2y)/ 3 = 8/3
By cross multiplication
3x – 2y = 8/3 × 3 = 8
3x – 2y = 8 ….. (1)
2x/5 – y = 7/5
Taking LCM
(2x – 5y)/ 5 = 7/5
By cross multiplication
2x – 5y = 7/5 × 5 = 7
2x – 5y = 7 …… (2)
Multiply equation (1) by 2 and (2) by 3
6x – 4y = 16 ….. (3)
6x – 15y = 21 …… (4)
Subtracting both the equations
11y = – 5
y = – 5/11
Substitute the value of y in equation (1)
3x – 2 (-5/11) = 8
By further calculation
3x + 10/11 = 8
We can write it as
3x = 8 – 10/11
Taking LCM
3x = (88 – 10)/ 11 = 78/11
By cross multiplication
x = 78/ (11 × 3) = 26/11
Therefore, x = 26/11 and y = – 5/11.
5. (i) 9 – (x – 4) = y + 7
2 (x + y) = 4 – 3y
(ii) 2x + (x – y)/ 6 = 2
x – (2x + y)/3 = 1.
Solution:
(i) 9 – (x – 4) = y + 7
2 (x + y) = 4 – 3y
We can write it as
9 – (x – 4) = y + 7
9–x+4=y+7
By further calculation
13 – x = y + 7
– x – y = 7 – 13 = – 6
x + y = 6 ….. (1)
2 (x + y) = 4 – 3y
2x + 2y = 4 – 3y
By further calculation
2x + 2y + 3y = 4
So we get
2x + 5y = 4 ….. (2)
Now multiply equation (1) by 5 and (2) by 1
5x + 5y = 30
2x + 5y = 4
By subtracting both the equations
3x = 26
So we get
x = 26/3
Substitute the value of x in (1)
26/3 + y = 6
We can write it as
y = 6 – 26/3
Taking LCM
y = (18 – 26)/3
So we get
y = – 8/3
Therefore, x = 26/3 and y = – 8/3.
(ii) 2x + (x – y)/ 6 = 2
x – (2x + y)/3 = 1
2x + (x – y)/ 6 = 2
Multiply by 6
12x + x – y = 12
By further calculation
13x – y = 12 …… (2)
x – (2x + y)/3 = 1
Multiply by 3
3x – 2x – y = 3
By further calculation
x – y = 3 …… (2)
So we get
x = 3 + y ….. (3)
Substitute the value of x in (1)
13 (3 + y) – y = 12
By further calculation
39 + 13y – y = 12
So we get
12y = 12 – 39 = – 27
By division
y = – 27/12 = – 9/4
Substitute the value of y in (3)
x=3+y
x = 3 + (-9)/4
By further calculation
x = 3 – 9/4
Taking LCM
x = (12 – 9)/ 4
x=¾
Therefore, x = ¾ and y = – 9/4.
6. x – 3y = 3x – 1 = 2x – y.
Solution:
It is given that
x – 3y = 3x – 1 = 2x – y
Here
x- 3y = 3x – 1
x – 3x – 3y = – 1
By further calculation
– 2x – 3y = – 1
2x + 3y = 1 ….. (1)
3x – 1 = 2x – y
3x – 2x + y = 1
By further simplification
x + y = 1 ….. (2)
Multiply equation (2) by 2 and subtract from equation (1)
2x + 3y = 1
2x + 2y = 2
So we get
y=–1
Substitute the value of y in equation (1)
2x + 3 (-1) = 1
So we get
2x – 3 = 1
2x = 1 + 3 = 4
By division
x = 4/2 = 2
Therefore, x = 2 and y = – 1.
7. (i) 4x + (x – y)/ 8 = 17
2y + x – (5y + 2)/3 = 2
(ii) (x + 1)/2 + (y – 1)/3 = 8
(x – 1)/3 + (y + 1)/ 2 = 9.
Solution:
(i) 4x + (x – y)/ 8 = 17
2y + x – (5y + 2)/3 = 2
We can write it as
4x + (x – y)/ 8 = 17
(32 + x – y)/ 8 = 17
By further calculation
(33x – y)/ 8 = 17
By cross multiplication
33x – y = 136 ….. (1)
2y + x – (5y + 2)/3 = 2
Taking LCM
[3 (2y + x) – 5 (5y + 2)]/ 3 = 2
By further calculation
6y + 3x – 5y – 2 = 2 × 3
So we get
y + 3x – 2 = 6
3x + y = 6 + 2
3x + y = 8 ….. (2)
By adding both the equations
36x = 144
By division
x = 144/36 = 4
Substitute the value of x in equation (1)
33 × 4 – y = 136
By further calculation
132 – y = 136
– y = 136 – 132
So we get
–y=4
y=–4
Therefore, x = 4 and y = – 4.
(ii) (x + 1)/2 + (y – 1)/3 = 8
(x – 1)/3 + (y + 1)/ 2 = 9
We can write it as
(x + 1)/2 + (y – 1)/3 = 8
Taking LCM
(3x + 3 + 2y – 2)/6 = 8
By further calculation
3x + 2y + 1 = 48
So we get
3x + 2y = 47 ….. (1)
(x – 1)/3 + (y + 1)/ 2 = 9
Taking LCM
(2x – 2 + 3y + 3)/6 = 9
By further calculation
2x + 3y + 1 = 54
So we get
2x + 3y = 53 ….. (2)
By adding equation (1) and (2)
5x + 5y = 100
Dividing by 5
x + y = 20 …… (3)
By subtracting equation (1) and (2)
x – y = – 6 ….. (4)
Now add equation (3) and (4)
2x = 14
x = 14/2 = 7
Subtracting equation (4) and (3)
2y = 26
y = 26/2 = 13
Therefore, x = 7 and y = 13.
8. (i) 3/x + 4y = 7
5/x + 6y = 13
(ii) 5x – 9 = 1/y
x + 1/y = 3.
Solution:
(i) 3/x + 4y = 7 ….. (1)
5/x + 6y = 13 ….. (2)
Substitute 1/x = a in equation (1) and )@)
3a + 4y = 7 …. (3)
5a + 6y = 13 ….. (4)
Multiply equation (3) by 5 and (4) by 3
15a + 20y = 35
15a + 18y = 39
Subtracting both the equations
2y = -4
So we get
y = – 4/2 = – 2
Substitute the value of y in equation (3)
3a + 4 (-2) = 7
By further calculation
3a – 8 = 7
3a = 7 + 8 = 15
So we get
3a = 15
a = 15/3 = 5
Here x = 1/a = 1/5
Therefore, x = 1/5 and y = – 2.
(ii) 5x – 9 = 1/y ….. (1)
x + 1/y = 3 ….. (2)
Substitute 1/y = b in (1) and (2)
5x – 9 = b
5x – b = 9 ….. (3)
x + b = 3 ….. (4)
By adding equation (3) and (4)
5x – b = 9 ….. (3)
x + b = 3 ….. (4)
So we get
6x = 12
By division
x = 12/6 = 2
Substitute the value of x in equation (4)
2+b=3
b=3–2
b=1
Here 1/y = 1
b = 1/y
y=1
Therefore, x = 2 and y = 1.
9. (i) px + qy = p – q
qx – py = p + q
(ii) x/a – y/b = 0
ax + by = a2 + b2.
Solution:
(i) px + qy = p – q …. (1)
qx – py = p + q ….. (2)
Now multiply equation (1) by p and (2) by q
p2x + pqy = p2 – pq
q2x – pqy = pq + q2
By adding both the equations
(p2 + q2) x = p2 + q2
By further calculation
x = (p2 + q2)/ (p2 + q2) = 1
From equation (1)
p × 1 + qy = p – q
By further calculation
p – qy = p – q
So we get
qy = p – q – p = – q
Here
y = -q/q = – 1
Therefore, x = 1 and y = – 1.
(ii) x/a – y/b = 0
ax + by = a2 + b2
We can write it as
x/a – y/b = 0
Taking LCM
(bx – ay)/ab = 0
By cross multiplication
bx – ay = 0 …… (1)
ax + by = a2 + b2 ….. (2)
Multiply equation (1) by b and equation (2) by a
b2x – aby = 0
a2x + aby = a2 + ab2
By adding both the equations
(a2 + b2)x = a2+ ab2 = a (a2 + b2)
So we get
x = a (a2 + b2)/ a2 + b2 = a
From equation (2)
b × a – ay = 0
By further calculation
ab – ay = 0
ay = ab
So we get
y = ab/a = b
Therefore, x = a and y = b.
10. Solve 2x + y = 23, 4x – y = 19. Hence, find the values of x – 3y and 5y – 2x.
Solution:
It is given that
2x + y = 23 …. (1)
4x – y = 19 ….. (2)
Adding both the equations
6x = 42
x = 42/6 = 7
Substitute the value of x in equation (1)
2 × 7 + y = 23
By further calculation
14 + y = 23
So we get
y = 23 – 14 = 9
Therefore, x = 7 and y = 9.
x – 3y = 7 – 3 × 9 = 7 – 27 = – 20
5y – 2x = 5 × 9 – 2 × 7 = 45 – 14 = 31
11. The expression ax + by has value 7 when x = 2, y = 1. When x = – 1, y = 1, it has value 1,
find a and b.
Solution:
It is given that
ax + by = 7 when x = 2 and y = 1
Substituting the values
a (2) + b (1) = 7
2a + b = 7 ….. (1)
Here
ax + by = 1 when x = – 1 and y = 1
Substituting the values
a (-1) + b (1) = 1
– a + b = 1 ….. (2)
By subtracting both the equations
– 3a = – 6
So we get
a = – 6/ – 3 = 2
Substituting the value of a in equation (1)
2×2+b=7
By further calculation
4+b=7
b=7–4=3
Therefore, a = 2 and b = 3.
12. Can the following equations hold simultaneously?
3x – 7y = 7
11x + 5y = 87
5x + 4y = 43.
If so, find x and y.
Solution:
3x – 7y = 7 …… (1)
11x + 5y = 87 ….. (2)
5x + 4y = 43 ….. (3)
Now multiply equation (1) by 5 and (2) by 7
15x – 35y = 35
77x + 35y = 609
By adding both the equations
92x = 644
By division
x = 644/92 = 7
Substitute the value of x in equation (1)
3 × 7 – 7y = 7
By further calculation
21 – 7y = 7
So we get
– 7y = 7 – 21 = – 14
y = – 14/ – 7 = 2
Therefore, x = 7 and y = 2.
If x = 7 and y – 2 satisfy the equation (3) then we can say that the equations hold simultaneously
Substitute the value of x and y in equation (3)
5x + 4y = 43
By further calculation
5 × 7 + 4 × 2 = 43
So we get
35 + 8 = 43
43 = 43 which is true.
Therefore, the equations hold simultaneously.
Exercise 5.3
1. Solve the following systems of simultaneous linear equations by cross-multiplication
method:
(i) 3x + 2y = 4
8x + 5y = 9
(ii) 3x – 7y + 10 = 0
y – 2x = 3.
Solution:
(i) 3x + 2y = 4
8x + 5y = 9
We can write it as
3x + 2y – 4 = 0
8x + 4y – 9 = 0
By cross multiplication method
x/ (-18 + 20) = y/ (-32 + 27) = 1/ (15 – 16)
By further calculation
x/2 = y/-5 = 1/-1
So we get
x/2 = – 1
x=–2
y = – 5 (-1) = 5
Therefore, x = – 2 and y = 5.
(ii) 3x – 7y + 10 = 0
y – 2x = 3
We can write it as
3x – 7y + 10 = 0
y – 2x – 3 = 0
By cross multiplication method
x/ (21 – 10) = y/ (-20 + 9) = 1/ (3 – 14)
By further calculation
x/11 = y/-11 = 1/-11
So we get
x/11 = 1/-11
x=–1
Similarly
y/-11 = 1/ -11
y=1
Therefore, x = – 1 and y = 1.
2. Solve the following pairs of linear equations by cross-multiplication method:
(i) x – y = a + b
ax + by = a2 – b2
(ii) 2bx + ay = 2ab
bx – ay = 4ab.
Solution:
(i) x – y = a + b
ax + by = a2 – b2
We can write it as
x – y – (a + b) = 0
ax + by – (a2 – b2) = 0
By cross multiplication method
x/ [a2 – b2 + b (a + b)] = y/ [- a (a + b) + a2 – b2] = 1/ (b + a)
By further calculation
x/ (a2 – b2 + ab + b2) = y/ (-a2 – ab + a2 – b2) = 1/ (a + b)
So we get
x/ [a (a + b)] = y/ [-b (a + b)] = 1/ (a + b)
x = a (a + b)/ (a + b) = a
y = [-b (a + b)]/ (a + b) = – b
Therefore, x = a and y = – b.
(ii) 2bx + ay = 2ab
bx – ay = 4ab
We can write it as
2bx + ay – 2an = 0
bx – ay – 4ab = 0
By cross multiplication method
x/ (- 4a2b – 2a2b) = y/ (-2ab2 + 8ab2) = 1/ (-2ab – ab)
By further calculation
x/ -6a2b = y/6ab2= 1/-3ab
So we get
x = -6a2b/ -3ab = 2a
y = 6ab2/-3ab = – 2b
Therefore, x = 2a and b = – 2b.
Exercise 5.4
Solve the following pairs of linear equations (1 to 5):
1. (i) 2/x + 2/3y = 1/6
2/x – 1/y = 1
(ii) 3/2x + 2/3y = 5
5/x – 3/y = 1.
Solution:
(i) 2/x + 2/3y = 1/6 ….. (1)
2/x – 1/y = 1 ….. (2)
By subtracting both the equations
5/3y = -5/6
By cross multiplication
– 15y = 30
By division
y = 30/ -15 = – 2
Substitute the value of y in equation (1)
2/x + 2/ (3 × (-2)) = 1/6
By further calculation
2/x – 1/3 = 1/6
So we get
2/x = 1/6 + 1/3
Taking LCM
2/x = (1 + 2)/ 6 = 3/6
By cross multiplication
x = (2 × 6)/3 = 12/3 = 4
Therefore, x = 4 and y = – 2.
(ii) 3/2x + 2/3y = 5 ….. (1)
5/x – 3/y = 1 ….. (2)
Multiply equation (1) by 1 and (2) by 2/9
3/2x + 2/3y = 5
10/9x – 2/3y = 2/9
By adding both the equations
(3/2 + 10/9)1/x = 5 + 2/9
Taking LCM
(27 + 20)/ 18 × 1/x = (45 + 2)/ 9
By further calculation
47/18x = 47/9
By cross multiplication
x = (47 × 9)/ (47 × 18) = ½
Substitute the value of x in equation (2)
5/ ½ – 3/y = 1
By further calculation
10 – 3/y = 1
3/y = 10 – 1 = 9
So we get
y = 3/9 = 1/3
Therefore, x = ½ and y = 1/3.
2. (i) (7x – 2y)/ xy = 5
(8x + 7y)/ xy = 15
(ii) 99x + 101y = 499xy
101x + 99y = 501xy.
Solution:
(i) (7x – 2y)/ xy = 5
(8x + 7y)/ xy = 15
We can write it as
7x/xy – 2y/xy = 5
8x/xy + 7y/xy = 15
By further simplification
7/y – 2/x = 5 …. (1)
8/y + 7/x = 15 ….. (2)
Now multiply equation (1) by 7 and (2) by 2
49/y – 14/x = 35
16/y + 14/x = 30
By adding both the equations
65/y = 65
So we get
y = 65/65 = 1
Substitute the value of y in equation (1)
7/1 – 2/x = 5
By further calculation
2/x = 7 – 5 = 2
So we get
x = 2/2 = 1
Therefore, x = 1 and y = 1.
(ii) 99x + 101y = 499xy
101x + 99y = 501xy
Now divide each term by xy
99x/xy + 101y/xy = 499xy/xy
101y/xy + 99x/xy = 501xy/xy
By further calculation
99/y + 101/x = 499 ….. (1)
101/y + 99/x = 501 ….. (2)
By adding both the equations
200/y + 200/x = 1000
Divide by 200
1/y + 1/x = 5 …… (3)
Subtracting both the equations
-2/y + 2/x = – 2
Divide by 2
-1/y + 1/x = – 1 …. (4)
By adding equation (3) and (4)
2/x = 4
So we get
x = 2/4 = ½
By subtracting equation (3) and (4)
2/y = 6
So we get
y = 2/6 = 1/3
Therefore, x = ½ and y = 1/3 if x ≠ 0, y ≠ 0.
3. (i) 3x + 14y = 5xy
21y – x = 2xy
(ii) 3x + 5y = 4xy
2y – x = xy.
Solution:
(i) 3x + 14y = 5xy
21y – x = 2xy
Now dividing each equation by xy of x ≠ 0, y ≠ 0
3x/xy + 14y/xy = 5xy/xy
By further calculation
3/y = 14/x = 5 ….. (1)
(ii) 3x + 5y = 4xy
2y – x = xy
We can write it as
3x + 5y = 4xy
– x + 2y = xy
Divide each equation by xy if x≠ 0 and y ≠ 0
3x/xy + 5y/xy = 4xy/xy
So we get
3/y + 5/x = 4 ….. (1)
-x/xy + 2y/xy = xy/xy
So we get
-1/y + 2/x = 1 ….. (2)
Now multiply equation (1) by 1 and (2) by 3
3/y + 5/x = 4
-3/y + 6/x = 3
By adding both the equations
11/x = 7
So we get
x = 11/7
Substitute the value of x in equation (2)
-1/y + 2/11/7 = 1
By further calculation
-1/y + (2 × 7)/ 11 = 1
-1/y + 14/11 = 1
We can write it as
-1/y = 1 – 14/11
Taking LCM
-1/y = (11 – 14)/ 11
So we get
-1/y = -3/11
By cross multiplication
-3y = – 11
y = – 11/-3 = 11/3
Therefore, x = 11/7 and y = 11/3.
4. (i) 20/ (x + 1) + 4/ (y – 1) = 5
10/ (x + 1) – 4/ (y – 1) = 1
(ii) 3/ (x + y) + 2/ (x – y) = 3
2/ (x + y) + 3/ (x – y) = 11/3.
Solution:
(i) 20/ (x + 1) + 4/ (y – 1) = 5 ….. (1)
10/ (x + 1) – 4/ (y – 1) = 1 ….. (2)
Add equation (1) and (2)
30/ (x + 1) = 6
By cross multiplication
30 = 6 (x + 1)
By further calculation
30/6 = x + 1
5=x+1
So we get
x=5–1=4
Substitute the value of x in equation (1)
20/ (x + 1) + 4/ (y – 1) = 5
20/ (4 + 1) + 4/ (y – 1) = 5
By further calculation
20/5 + 4/ (y – 1) = 5
4 + 4/ (y – 1) = 5
We can write it as
4/ (y – 1) = 5 – 4 = 1
4/ (y – 1) = 1
By cross multiplication
4 = 1 (y – 1)
So we get
4=y–1
y=4+1=5
Therefore, x = 4 and y = 5.
(ii) 3/ (x + y) + 2/ (x – y) = 3 …. (1)
2/ (x + y) + 3/ (x – y) = 11/3 ….. (2)
Multiply equation (1) by 3 and (2) by 2
9/ (x + y) + 6/ (x – y) = 9 ….. (3)
4/ (x + y) + 6/ (x – y) = 22/3 ….. (4)
Subtracting both the equations
5/ (x + y) = 9 – 22/3
Taking LCM
5/ (x + y) = 5/3
By cross multiplication
5 × 3 = 5 (x + y)
By further calculation
(5 × 3)/ 5 = x + y
x + y = (3 × 1)/ 3
x + y = 3 …… (5)
Substitute equation (5) in (1)
3/3 + 2/ (x – y) = 3
By further calculation
1 + 2/ (x – y) = 3
2/ (x – y) = 3 – 1 = 2
So we get
2/2 = x – y
Here
1 = x – y ….. (6)
We can write it as
x–y=1
x+y=3
By adding both the equations
2x = 4
x = 4/2 = 2
Substitute x = 2 in equation (5)
2+y=3
y=3–2=1
Therefore, x = 2 and y = 1.
5. (i) 1/ 2(2x + 3y) + 12/ 7(3x – 2y) = ½
7/ (2x + 3y) + 4/ (3x – 2y) = 2
(ii) 1/ 2(x + 2y) + 5/ 3(3x – 2y) = – 3/2
5/ 4(x + 2y) – 3/ 5 (3x – 2y) = 61/60.
Solution:
(i) 1/ 2(2x + 3y) + 12/ 7(3x – 2y) = ½
7/ (2x + 3y) + 4/ (3x – 2y) = 2
Consider 2x + 3y = a and 3x – 2y = b
We can write it as
1/2a + 12/7b = ½
7/a + 4/b = 2
Now multiply equation (1) by 7 and (2) by ½
7/2a + 12/b = 7/2
7/2a + 2/b = 1
Subtracting both the equations
10/b = 5/2
So we get
b = (10 × 2)/ 5 = 4
Substitute the value of b in equation (2)
7/a + 4/4 = 2
7/a + 1 = 2
So we get
7/a = 2 – 1 = 1
a=7
Here
2x + 3y = 7 ….. (3)
3x – 2y = 4 ….. (4)
Multiply equation (3) by 2 and (4) by 3
4x + 6y = 14
9x – 6y = 12
So we get
13x = 26
x = 26/13 = 2
Substitute the value of x in (3)
2 × 2 + 3y = 7
By further calculation
4 + 3y = 7
So we get
3y = 7 – 4 = 3
y = 3/3 = 1
Therefore, x = 2 and y = 1.
(ii) 1/ 2(x + 2y) + 5/ 3(3x – 2y) = – 3/2
5/ 4(x + 2y) – 3/ 5 (3x – 2y) = 61/60
Consider x + 2y = a and 3x – 2y = b
1/2a + 5/3b = – 3/2 …. (1)
5/4a – 3/5b = 61/60 ….. (2)
Now multiply equation (1) by 5/2 and (2) by (1)
5/4a + 25/6b = – 15/4
5/4a – 3/5b = 61/60
Subtracting both the equations
25/6b + 3/5b = – 15/4 – 61/60
Taking LCM
(125 + 18)/ 30b = (-225 – 61)/ 60
By further calculation
143/30b = – 286/60
By cross multiplication
30b × (-286) = 60 × 143
So we get
b = (60 × 143)/ (30 × -286) = – 1
Substitute the value of b in equation (1)
1/2a + 5/ (3 × – 1) = -3/2
By further calculation
1/2a – 5/4 = – 3/2
We can write it as
1/2a = – 3/2 + 5/3
Taking LCM
1/2a = (-9+ 10)/ 6 = 1/6
So we get
a = 6/2 = 3
Here
x + 2y = 3 ….. (3)
3x – 2y = – 1 ….. (4)
Adding both the equations
4x = 2
x = 2/4 = ½
Substitute the value of x in equation (3)
½ + 2y = 3
By further calculation
2y = 3 – ½
Taking LCM
2y = 5/2
y = 5/ (2 × 2) = 5/4
Therefore, x = ½ and y = 5/4.
Chapter Test
Solve the following simultaneous linear equations (1 to 4):
1.(i) 2x – (¾)y = 3,
5x – 2y = 7
Solution:
8x-3y = 12 …(i)
5x-2y = 7 …(ii)
Multiply (i) by 5 and (ii) by 8, we get
40x-15y = 60 (iii)
40x -16y = 56 (iv)
Subtract (iv) from (iii), we get
y=4
Substitute y in (i)
8x-3×4 = 12
8x = 12+12
8x = 24
x = 24/8
x=3
Hence x = 3 and y = 4.
(ii) 2(x-4) = 9y+2
x – 6y = 2
Solution:
2(x-4) = 9y+2
2x-8 = 9y+2
2x-9y = 2+8
2x-9y = 10 ….(i)
x-6y = 2 ….(ii)
Multiply (ii) by 2, we get
2x -12y = 4 ….(iii)
Subtract (iii) from (i), we get
2x-9y = 10
-2x +12y = -4
——————
0+3y = 6
3y = 6
y = 6/3
y=2
Substitute the value of y in (i)
2x-9×2 = 10
2x-18 = 10
2x = 10+18
2x = 28
x = 28/2
x = 14
Hence x = 14 and y = 2.
2. (i) 97x+53y = 177
53x+97y = 573
Solution:
Given equations are as follows.
97x+53y = 177 …(i)
53x+97y = 573 …(ii)
Multiply (i) by 53 and (ii) by 97
53(97x+53y) = 53×177
5141x+2809y = 9381 …..(iii)
97(53x+97y) = 97×573
5141x+9409y = 55581 …..(iv)
Subtract (iv) from (iii)
5141x+2809y = 9381 …..(iii)
5141x+9409y = 55581 …..(iv)
——————————
0x -6600y = -46200
-6600y = -46200
y = -46200/-6600
y=7
Substitute the value of y in (i)
97x+53×7 = 177
97x+371 = 177
97x = 177-371
97x = – 194
x = -194/97
x = -2
Hence x = -2 and y = 7.
(ii) x+y = 5.5
x-y = 0.9
Solution:
x+y = 5.5 …(i)
x-y = 0.9 …(ii)
——————–
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
2x = 5.5+0.9
2x = 6.4
x = 6.4/2
x = 3.2
Substitute value of x in (i)
3.2+y = 5.5
y = 5.5-3.2
y = 2.3
Hence x = 3.2 and y = 2.3.
3. (i) x+y = 7xy
2x-3y+xy = 0
Solution:
x+y = 7xy …(i)
2x-3y+xy = 0 …..(ii)
Divide (i) by xy, we get

Divide (ii) by xy, we get

Multiplying (iii) by 3, we get

Adding (v) and (iv), we get

Substitute value of y in (iv)

Hence x = 1/3 and y = 1/4.

(ii)

Solution:

Multiply (i) by 4 and (ii) by 3, we get

Subtracting (iv) from (iii), we get

Substitute (v) in (i), we get

Now solve for (v) and (vi)

x+y = 11
x-y = 5
Add (v) and (vi)
2x = 16
x = 16/2 = 8
Substitute x in (v)
8+y = 11
y = 11-8
y=3
Hence x = 8 and y = 3.
4. (i) ax+by = a-b
bx-ay = a+b
Solution:
ax+by = a-b …(i)
bx-ay = a+b …(ii)
multiplying (i) by a and (ii) by b, we get
a(ax+by) = a(a-b)
a2x +aby = a2-ab …(iii)
b(bx-ay) = b(a+b)
b2x -aby = ab+b2 …(iv)
Adding (iii) and (iv)
a2x +aby = a2-ab
b2x -aby = ab+b2
———————–
(a2+b2)x = (a2+b2)
x = (a2+b2)/ (a2+b2)
x=1
Substitute the value of x in (i), we get
a×1+by = a-b
a+by = a-b
by = -b
y = -b/b
y = -1
Hence x = 1 and y = -1.
(ii) 3x + 2y = 2xy

Solution:
3x + 2y = 2xy …(i)

Divide (i) by xy

Multiply (ii) by 2, we get

Subtract (iii) from (iv)

———————-

Substitute y in (iii)
(3/3) + (2/x) = 2
1+(2/x) = 2
(2/x) = 1
x=2
Hence x = 2 and y = 3.
5. Solve 2x -(3/y) =9
3x + (7/y) = 2.
Hence find the value of k if x = ky + 5.
Solution:
2x -(3/y) = 9 …(i)
3x + (7/y) = 2 …(ii)
Multiply (i) by 3 and (ii) by 2, we get
6x-(9/y) = 27 ..(iii)
6x+(14/y) = 4 …(iv)
Subtracting (iv) from (iii), we get
-23/y = 23
y = 23/-23
y = -1
Substitute y in (i)
2x-(3/-1) = 9
2x+3 = 9
2x = 9-3
2x = 6
x = 6/2
x=3
Hence x = 3 and y = -1.
Given x = ky+5
Substitute x and y in above eqn
3 = k×-1+5
3 = -k+5
k = 5-3
k=2
Hence the value of k is 2.
6. Solve,

.
Hence find the value of 2x2-y2.
Solution:

Let (x+y) = a
(1/a)-(1/2x)
Multiply (iii) by 5

Subtracting (ii) from (iv)

Substitute x in (iii)
(1/a) -1/(2×3) = 1/30
(1/a) – (1/6) = 1/30
1/a = (1/30)+(1/6)
1/a = (1+5)/30
1/a = 6/30
a = 30/6
a=5
Substitute a in x+y = a
3+y = 5
y = 5-3
y=2
Hence x = 3, y = 2.
2x2-y2 = 2×32-22
= 2×9-4
= 18-4
= 14
Hence the value of 2x2-y2 is 14.
7. Can x, y be found to satisfy the following equations simultaneously ?

If so, find them.

Solution:

Multiply (i) by 5 and (ii) by 2, we get

Subtract (v) from (iv)

31/x = 95-2
31/x = 93
x = 31/93
x = 1/3
Substitute x in (i)
(2/y)+5÷(1/3) = 19
(2/y)+5×3 = 19
(2/y) = 19-15
(2/y) = 4
y = 2/4
y = 1/2
Substitute x and y in (iii)
3×(1/3) + 8×(1/2) = 5
1+4 = 5
The value of x and y satisfies (iii).
Hence the given equations are simultaneous.