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Open Channel Flow Quick Revision Notes.pdf

The document discusses the nature of flow in open channels and pipes, categorized by Reynolds number, and includes details on laminar, transition, and turbulent flows. It also describes various channel shapes (rectangular, trapezoidal, triangular, and circular) and their respective hydraulic properties, critical flow conditions, and important formulas related to open channel flow. Additionally, it outlines the classification of flow types based on Froude number and provides formulas for calculating specific energy, critical depth, and energy loss due to hydraulic jumps.

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Anchit Deb Mishra
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28 views

Open Channel Flow Quick Revision Notes.pdf

The document discusses the nature of flow in open channels and pipes, categorized by Reynolds number, and includes details on laminar, transition, and turbulent flows. It also describes various channel shapes (rectangular, trapezoidal, triangular, and circular) and their respective hydraulic properties, critical flow conditions, and important formulas related to open channel flow. Additionally, it outlines the classification of flow types based on Froude number and provides formulas for calculating specific energy, critical depth, and energy loss due to hydraulic jumps.

Uploaded by

Anchit Deb Mishra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1 OPEN CHANNEL FLOW

Nature of flow according to Reynold’s number for pipe, and open channel flow-
Between parallel Flow Through
Nature of flow Reynold’s No, RN - VD/
plates Soil
Open Channel
Pipe Flow
Flow
Laminar flow RN < 2000 RN < 500 RN < 1000 RN < 1
Transition flow 2000 < RN < 4000 500 < RN < 2000 1000 < RN < 2000 1 < RN < 2
Turbulent flow RN < 4000 RN > 2000 RN > 2000 RN > 2

Rectangular Channel Width of channel, b = 2d


Depth of flow, d = b/2
Hydraulic radius, (R) or Hydraulic depth m = d/2

Trapezoidal Section ● Length of sloping side = Half top width


2 b  2nd
d 1  n2 
2
● m = R = d/2
●  = 60°
● A circle of radius (r) should be inscribed in trapezoidal
section
● Semi circle touch the three sides of trapezoidal section (P,
Q, R)
Triangular Channel d
● m or R 
2 2
● Side slope = 1:1
●  = 45°

Circular Section d
For Maximum discharge  0.95
D
d
For maximum Velocity -  0.81
D
 sin 2 
● Area of flow, A  R 2    
 2 

1 Civil Engineering
Depth of
Type of flow Velocity of flow Froude Number
flow
Subcritical/Tranquil streaming or Tangential
y > yc v < vc Fr < 1
flow
Critical flow (At this flow specific energy in
y = yc v = vc Fr = 1
min)
Supercritical/Torrential/Rapid or shooting
y < yc v > vc Fr > 1
flow
yc = Critical depth vc = Critical Velocity
● Classification of jump based on Froude number-
Froude number (Fr) Types of jump Water Surface
1-1.7 Undular/Unsteady Undulating
1.7 – 2.5 Weak Small Rollers form
2.5 – 4.5 Oscillating Water moving in random manner
4.5 – 9 Steady Roller and jump action
>9 Strong Very rough and choppy
● Some Important formula for open channel-
Hydraulic mean depth Area A
m 
Wetted perimeter P

Manning’s Formula 1 2/3 1/2


V m i
N
Chezy Formula V  C mi
Specific Energy V2 Q2
E  y  y (y = depth of flow)
2g 2g  A 2
A = By + Sy2 (Trapezoidal section)
Critical Depth 1/3
 q2 
yc    (q = Discharge per unit width of
 g 
 
Q
channel =
b
Critical Velocity Vc   q.g 
1/3
 g  yc

Condition for critical flow Q 2 A3



g T
Energy loss due to Hydraulic Jump
EL 
 y 2  y1 3 , 2q 2  y1  y 2  y1  y 2 
4y1 y 2 g

Laplace equation 2  2 2


  0
x 2 y2 z 2

2 Civil Engineering
V2 Q2 3
Specific Energy = E  y   y (iii) For Parabolic Channel - yc  E
4
2g 2gA 2
Force acting in moving fluid-
Where, A = B.y + s.y2 (for trapezoidal section)
1. Inertial Force, Fi = AV2
Relation Between yc and E
VA
2 2. Viscous Force, Fv 
(i) For Rectangular channel - yc  E L
3
3. Gravity Force, Fg ALg
4
(ii) For Triangular channel - yc  E 4. Pressure Force, Fp = pA
5

3 Civil Engineering

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