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Introduction to Environmental Science

Environmental Science is an interdisciplinary field that examines the interactions between humans and the natural world, encompassing various branches such as ecology, geology, and atmospheric science. It addresses components of the environment, natural resources, sustainability, and pressing environmental issues like pollution and climate change. The document also highlights the importance of environmental protection laws and the role of individuals in conservation efforts.

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6 views

Introduction to Environmental Science

Environmental Science is an interdisciplinary field that examines the interactions between humans and the natural world, encompassing various branches such as ecology, geology, and atmospheric science. It addresses components of the environment, natural resources, sustainability, and pressing environmental issues like pollution and climate change. The document also highlights the importance of environmental protection laws and the role of individuals in conservation efforts.

Uploaded by

Meh Wixh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Environmental Science

1. Definition & Scope

Environmental Science is the interdisciplinary study of the natural world and how humans
interact with it. It combines physical, biological, and social sciences to understand and address
environmental issues.

Branches of Environmental Science

 Ecology – Study of organisms and their interactions with the environment.


 Geology – Study of Earth’s physical structure and processes.
 Atmospheric Science – Study of weather, climate, and atmospheric conditions.
 Hydrology – Study of water and its movement through ecosystems.
 Environmental Chemistry – Study of chemical processes in nature.
 Sociology & Policy – Study of human impact and environmental laws.

2. Components of the Environment

1. Biotic (Living) Components – Plants, animals, microorganisms.


2. Abiotic (Non-living) Components – Air, water, soil, sunlight.
3. Human Impact – Urbanization, pollution, resource depletion.

3. Earth’s Spheres

 Lithosphere – Earth’s solid crust (rocks, minerals, soil).


 Hydrosphere – Water bodies (oceans, rivers, glaciers).
 Atmosphere – Layers of gases surrounding Earth.
 Biosphere – All living organisms and ecosystems.

4. Natural Resources & Sustainability

 Renewable Resources – Solar energy, wind, water, forests.


 Non-renewable Resources – Fossil fuels, minerals.
 Sustainable Development – Meeting present needs without compromising future
generations.

5. Environmental Issues

 Pollution – Air, water, soil, noise, thermal.


 Climate Change – Global warming, greenhouse effect.
 Deforestation – Loss of forests leading to biodiversity decline.
 Biodiversity Loss – Extinction of species due to habitat destruction.
 Waste Management – Solid waste, e-waste, plastic pollution.

6. Environmental Protection & Laws

 Conservation Strategies – Afforestation, recycling, sustainable agriculture.


 International Agreements – Paris Agreement, Kyoto Protocol.
 Environmental Laws in India – Environment Protection Act (1986), Wildlife
Protection Act (1972), Forest Conservation Act (1980).

7. Role of Individuals in Environmental Conservation

 Reduce, Reuse, Recycle.


 Energy conservation (using LED bulbs, public transport).
 Water conservation (rainwater harvesting, avoiding wastage).
 Participating in environmental awareness campaigns.

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