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Special Electrical Machines Assignment

The document discusses the construction and operation of Brushless Permanent Magnet (BLPM) motors, detailing two configurations: conventional (in runner) and out runner. It describes the components including the stator, rotor, and armature winding, and explains the principle of operation which involves electronically controlled commutation instead of mechanical brushes. Additionally, it covers rotor position sensors and the significance of winding configurations (delta and wye) on motor performance and efficiency.

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David Juma
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4 views3 pages

Special Electrical Machines Assignment

The document discusses the construction and operation of Brushless Permanent Magnet (BLPM) motors, detailing two configurations: conventional (in runner) and out runner. It describes the components including the stator, rotor, and armature winding, and explains the principle of operation which involves electronically controlled commutation instead of mechanical brushes. Additionally, it covers rotor position sensors and the significance of winding configurations (delta and wye) on motor performance and efficiency.

Uploaded by

David Juma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SPECIAL ELECTRICAL MACHINES ASSIGNMENT

1. Explain in details about the construction feature of the brushless Permanent Magnet
Motor. Explain its principle of operation.
2. Explain about rotor position sensor for BLPM motor.
3. Phasor Diagram for PM Synchronous Motor
4. Explain Locus Diagram

CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES OF BLPM MOTORS


The BLPMDC motors can be constructed in several different configurations. Main two types
are,
1. Conventional [Also known as in runner] configuration
2.Out runner configuration
In the conventional in runner configuration, the permanent magnets are mounted on the
rotor. The stator armature windings surrounds the core.
In the out runner configuration, the radial relationship between the coils and magnets is
reversed. (ie..) the stator coils form the center (core) of the motor, while the permanent
magnets spin on an over hanging rotor, which surrounds the core.
Let us consider the conventional (in runner) configuration of BLPM motor. The following
Fig.1 .1 shows the arrangement of permanent magnet in the rotor. As this is an 'in runner'
configuration, the stator surrounds the rotor.

Stator
The stator of the BLPMDC motor is made up of silicon steel stampings with slots in its
interior surface. These slots accommodate either a closed or opened distributed armature
winding. Usually it is closed one. This winding is to be wound for a specified (even) number
of poles and the winding is suitably connected to a d.c. supply through a power electronic
switching circuitry [named as electronic commutator] Rotor
Permanent magnet rotor
The rotor is made of forged steel. The rotor accommodates permanent magnet. The number
of poles of the rotor is same as that of the stator. The rotor shaft carries a rotor position
sensor. This position sensor provides information about the position of the shaft at any
instant to the controller which sends suitable signals to the electronic commutator.

Armature winding
For normal electronic commutator, usually six switching devices are employed Then the
winding should have three tapings.
There are also two electrical configurations having to do with how the wires from the
windings are connected to each other [not their physical shape or location]. The delta
configuration, as already known, connects the three windings to each other [series circuit] in
triangle-like circuit, and power is applied at each of the connections.
The wye ("Y"-shaped) configuration, called a star winding, connects all of the windings to a
central point parallel circuit] and power is applied to the remaining end of each winding.
The BLDC motor with windings in delta configuration gives low torque at low rpm, but can
give higher ranges of rpm. Wye configuration gives high torque at low rpm, but the motor
cannot be operated in higher rpm ranges.

Fig. 4.11. Star (WYE-Y) connected stator armature winding


Fig. 4.12. Delta (A) connected stator armature winding
Although the efficiency is greatly affected by the motor's construction, the wye winding is
normally more efficient. Delta-connected windings can allow high frequency parasitic
electrical currents to circulate entirely within the motor. A wye connected winding does not
contain a closed loop in which parasitic currents can flow, preventing such losses.
From the controller point of view, the two types of windings are treated exactly the same,
although some less expensive controllers are needed to read the voltage from common
center of the wye winding.
The circuits shown in Fig.4.11 and 4.12 are same as that of the 3-phase bridge inverter, but
the switching of power devices in the two circuits are influenced by rotor position sensor.
Hence, like other machines, the BLPMDC motor has stator and rotor. The stator carries the
armature and the rotor carries the permanent magnet. So, the permanent magnets rotate
and armature remains static. In all BLDC motors, the stator-armature coils are stationary.
4.8. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF PMBLDC MOTOR
The brushless permanent magnet DC motor is a synchronous electric motor which is
powered by DC supply and it has an electronically controlled commutation system, instead
of a mechanical commutation system based on brushes. In these motors, the current and
torque, voltage and rpm are linearly related
In order to study the principle of operation of permanent magnet brushless DC motor, let us
analysis, the starting and dynamic equilibrium conditions which will enable to understand
the process of electromechanical power transfer in PMBLDC motor.

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