Shakespeare and Re-adaptations of his Few Plays

in Bollywood Celluloid

Submitted to

Jayoti Vidyapeeth Women’s University, Jaipur

for the partial fulfillment of

Award of Degree of

Doctor of Philosophy

English

Supervised by Submitted by
JV’n Dr. Suman Devi JV'n Somya
JVR/II/20/4096

Department of Humanities and Social Science

Faculty of Education and Methodology
Jayoti Vidyapeeth Women’s University, Jaipur Rajasthan
 DEDICATION

This thesis is dedicated to my Dadaji and Dadiji

Your love, support, and encouragement have been invaluable sources of
strength throughout my life. Your unwavering belief in me has inspired
me to pursue my passion for knowledge and strive for excellence in
everything I do.
This thesis is dedicated to you, with deepest gratitude
and appreciation for all you have done for me.
Thank you for always being there for me and the shining lights in my
life.
Ref: Date:……………….

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that work contained in the thesis titled Shakespeare and
Readaptations of his few plays in Bollywood Celluloid being submitted to
Directorate of Research and Development at Jayoti Vidyapeeth Women’s
University, Jaipur for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty
of Education and Methodology is an original piece of research study undertaken and
a record of bonafide investigation carried out by Somya under my supervision and
guidance as per UGC Guidelines.

To the best of my knowledge and belief no part of this study has been
submitted to this or any other University in India or abroad for the award of any
such degree. The assistance and help received during this endeavor have been
appropriately acknowledged.

Supervisor

JV’n Dr. Suman Devi

 DECLARATION

I hereby submit and declare that the thesis titled Shakespeare and
Readaptations of his Few Plays in Bollywood Celluloid is an original piece of
Research work and study undertaken and done by me under the supervision of
JV’n Dr. Suman Devi, Faculty of Education and Methodology, Jayoti Vidyapeeth
Women’s University, Jaipur. The work has been undertaken for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy by Jayoti Vidyapeeth Women’s University, Jaipur, Rajasthan,
India.

I further declare that as per the best of my knowledge and belief, the thesis
does not contain any part of any previous work, has been submitted for the award of
any degree in this University or any other University across the Globe.

Date: JV’n Somya

Place: Jaipur JVR/II/20/4096
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Thinking about all the time I have spent on Research work in the last three
years and how it might now come to an end fills me with excitement. The process of
earning a Doctorate and writing a Thesis is long and arduous and it was not possible
alone. Sometimes all we need is a little inspiration to keep rolling. I would like to
thank the following University officials, family members, and colleagues, without
whom it was not possible to complete this research.

First and foremost, I would like to thank God, The Almighty for being the
unconditional guiding light throughout my endeavor.

I would like to thank the countless experts who have offered guidance,
feedback, and suggestions along the way Hon’ble Founder Sir Late JV’n Dr.
Panckaj Gargji, Hon’ble Chairperson Madam JV’n Ms. Mithilesh Gargji, and
Hon’ble Advisor Cum CEO Sir JV’n Vedant Gargji for their valuable guidance and
encouragement which helped me too much during this Research work.

I wish to express my gratitude to Respected President I/C JV’n Prof. (Dr.)

Pramod K. Raghav, JV’n Prof. (Dr.) Shobha Lal, Proctor and JV’n Prof. (Dr.) Mini
Amit Arrawatia, Director, Directorate of Research & Development for their fruitful
suggestions during the course of research work. Words fail to express my gratitude
to JV'n Dr. Hema Bafila for her continuous moral support.

It is a genuine pleasure to express my deep sense of thanks and gratitude to

my mentor and guide JV'n Dr. Suman Devi for her dedication and keen interest
above all his overwhelming attitude to helping his pupil who had been solely and
mainly responsible for completing my work.

I would like to thank my dada ji and dadi ji for always being my torch
bearers always. I am grateful to my parents, Dr. Sanjeev Kumar and Mrs. Meenakshi
Tyagi, for their love and support throughout my academic journey. My sisters,
Vadanya and Hariti, have been a constant source of inspiration and encouragement.
My sincere thanks also go to my Chacha and Chachi, Dr. Sharad Ranjan, and

i
Dr. Nidhi Gupta, for their unwavering support and encouragement throughout this
journey.

My husband, Mr. Yashveer Tyagi, has been a constant source of support. His
patience and unwavering support have been invaluable to me. I am deeply grateful
for his presence in my life and I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to him.
me to time.

Finally, to conclude I also place on record my sense of gratitude to one and

all, who directly or indirectly, have lent their hand in this venture.

Special thanks to the University library system.

JV’n Somya

ii
 Abstract

This study is based on Shakespearean plays’ adaptation in Bollywood

movies. Shakespeare’s concepts, approach, and thoughts greatly influence the
audience's attention toward the recently longed movies. "Maqbool", "Omkara",
"Haider", and "Goliyon Ki Rasleela: Ram-Leela" movie concepts are from Macbeth,
Othello, Hamlet, and Romeo and Juliet, respectively, from Shakespeare’s plays.
People easily betray their partners and break their faith to get about livelihood and
other important aspects of society. The critical evaluation of "Haider" in the light of
Hamlet is described in this discussion. It is observed that Shakespeare inspired
filmmakers of different generations worldwide. This entire study elaborates on the
adoption of Shakespearean plays in Bollywood celluloid. Therefore, this can be
stated that the plays of Shakespeare have been valuable sources of adoption. The
plays depict the contemporary European situation, but in the case of Bhardwaj‘s
adoption, this shows the state of India.

"Maqbool" represents Macbeth in an Indian context, a great play by

Shakespeare. Bhardwaj directed "Maqbool". Changing some internal facts is
expressed that way, as all Indians can accept it. Bhardwaj did not mention any
unrealistic incident that may not match the 21st century's thinking process. In this
regard, all the details regarding Macbeth and "Maqbool" are highlighted in this
paper.

"Haider" is one of Hamlet's most critically acclaimed adaptations, and all the
actors played memorable roles in their characters. The movie displayed different
issues of Kashmir via the plot of Hamlet, and all of the depicted scenes are relevant
to the people. Hamlet was shown the reflection of Christianity, but "Haider" showed
an Islamic reflection. The relationship between Gertrude and Hamlet is an integral
part of the play. Similarly, the relationship between mother and son in "Haider" is
also an essential aspect of the movie. Both stories used Oedipus's complexity but in
different ways, and the story stated other similar and dissimilar consequences. The
Hamlet play explains the relativism of acquiring a position. The play is depicted in
Denmark's king‘s palace for a position. "Romeo and Juliet" convey the love between

iii
two beloveds in the play: Ram-Leela and "Romeo and Juliet" have been adapted into
the Bollywood film "Goliyon Ki Rasleela: Ram-Leela". It successfully meets the
audience's attractions and beliefs. In this literature part, how he has been making the
relationship is fully explained.

The Ram-Leela movie is based on "Romeo and Juliet". Adaptation of

Othello helps Vishal Bhardwaj to make a film in the Indian context about jealousy
and hatred for one. This study focuses on the characters of Desdemona and Dolly
from the drama and movie.

Better conduction of study has been done with relevant theories, that are
Oedipus's complex theory and Freud's Personality theory. The methodology chapter
gives better knowledge for making the thesis paper. Thematic analysis is considered
in this research, and sources of secondary qualitative analysis are taken to collect
data. Journals and website articles are regarded as a source of secondary qualitative
data for collecting data. The researcher has chosen an interpretivism research
philosophy, experimental research design, and a deductive approach to describe
good study work. In this research, data analysis is conducted to identify the relevant
information of the study. Ethical consideration is the process that is described in
detail throughout the investigation to complete the research work well. In the data
collection method, advantages and disadvantages are related, and the qualitative data
collection method is selected in this study. Journals and articles which are used in
this study were not before 2018. This initiative is taken to increase the reliability and
validity of the study. Macbeth is a tragedy play that correlates with the movie
"Maqbool"'s fine exhibition of culture. "Maqbool"'s movie provides a specific
procedure to gain the country's social and cultural activities. "Haider" is shot
picturesque of Kashmir and wholly based on the past and present Kashmir. The film
stars Shahid Kapoor in the primary leadership role, and Tabu plays the heroine role
of his mother, who marries her brother-in-law Kay Menon after his father's death is
discussed through this topic. "Omkara" reveals the political turmoil of Uttar Pradesh
and interconnection with Othello for a fine exhibition of the scenario. The play has
revealed various plots, such as love, revenge, betrayal, and affection. The movie also
shows the tragedy and multiple cultures that have given importance to the Indians.

iv
The whole discussion of how the Bollywood industry adopted Shakespeare's
concepts and thoughts in this film is explained throughout this discussion. This
name intentionally chose to relate to the character of the Shakespearean tragedy
Hamlet. The main findings of the play and movie are presented in this discussion,
and how they are popular among the audience is elaborately explained in this
discussion.

The Shakespearean play has the most significance in Indian Bollywood for
making certain movies. The Shakespearean play has followed many films, such as
"Haider" and Ram Leela. The Shakespearean plays have been providing more
interesting plots which are not made in any movie for the audience. These plays are
more relevant for their acceptable explanation; the Bollywood movies should take
the initiative to draw the audience's attention. Shakespearean plays have played a
significant role in innovation in Bollywood movie production. Several plays have
different dimensions to focus on ancient and present conditions of the population.
These plays have provided scenarios for gathering information about heroic and
legendary scenes.

Keywords: Macbeth, Othello, Hamlet and "Romeo and Juliet", "Maqbool",

"Omkara", "Haider", Goliyon Ki Raas Leela: Ram Leela, adaptation, Bollywood.

v
 Table of Contents

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ......................................................................................... i
ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................. iii
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................... 1-19
1.1 Rationale of the Study......................................................................................9
1.2 Research Aim and Objectives ........................................................................15
1.3 Statement of the Problem ...............................................................................16
1.4 Significance of the Study ...............................................................................17
1.5 Structure of the Dissertation ..........................................................................19

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW......................................................... 20-69

2.1 Influence of Shakespearean plays in Bollywood Celluloid ...........................20
2.2 Adaptation of Macbeth in "Maqbool"............................................................30
2.3 Reflection of Othello in "Omkara" ................................................................38
2.4 Critical evaluation of "Haider" in the light of Hamlet ...................................46
2.5 Adaptation of "Romeo and Juliet" in "Goliyon Ki Rasleela: Ram-Leela" ....55
2.6 Theoretical Underpinning ..............................................................................63
2.7 Freud’s Personality theory .............................................................................65
2.8 Freud’s Personality theory .............................................................................65
2.9 Conceptual Framework ..................................................................................68
2.10 Research Gap .................................................................................................69

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .......................................... 70-103

3.1 Research Philosophy ......................................................................................71
3.2 Research Design.............................................................................................75
3.3 Research Approach ........................................................................................79
3.4 Data Collection Method .................................................................................83
3.5 Data Analysis Method....................................................................................88
3.6 Reliability and Validity ..................................................................................94
3.7 Ethical Consideration .....................................................................................97
3.8 Research limitations .....................................................................................101
3.9 Summary ......................................................................................................102
CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . Error! Bookmark not defined.-186
4.1 Discussion ....................................................................................................104
4.2 Study of "Maqbool" based on Shakespeare's masterpiece MacbethError! Bookmark not defin
4.3 Study of "Omkara" in the light of Othello ...................................................119
4.4 Application of the play Hamlet in "Haider" ................................................136
4.5 Depiction of Ram-Leela movie based on "Romeo and Juliet" ....................150
4.6 Plot of "Romeo and Juliet" as compared to Bollywood movie ...................158
4.7 Last scene of both movie and Shakespearean literary work ........................159
4.8 Findings........................................................................................................165

CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ..................................... 187-205

5.1 Summary ......................................................................................................187
5.2 Conclusion ...................................................................................................193
5.3 Recommendation .........................................................................................197
5.4 Future Scope ................................................................................................204

BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................ 206-

Movies......................................................................................................................206
Links ......................................................................................................................206
Books ......................................................................................................................210

REFERENCES............................................................................................... 231-247

ANNEXURES ..............................................................................................................
 Chapter 1
Introduction
 Chapter 1
Introduction

Shakespeare was a famous English writer, actor and poet. He wrote many
blockbusters played almost 400 years ago, and his works still have an impact
worldwide. Some of his famous plays are Macbeth, Hamlet, and "Romeo and
Juliet". Shakespeare is the world's greatest dramatist and English-language speaker
(Karim, 2019). He was born in England in 1564 and died in 1616. Shakespeare and
the adaptation of his many plays in Bollywood celluloid focus in this literature
study. Bollywood adopts this famous writer's thoughts, significantly impacting this
movie's storylines. Thinking of the director of the recent day's films has been
influenced by the principles of Shakespeare's plays. This thesis describes the impact
and effect of Shakespeare's principles, viewpoints, and ideologies in the Bollywood
celluloid to understand this topic better. The background, aims, objectives,
hypothesis, and significance of this study have been described in the following part
(Abdelaal and Alazzawie, 2019).

Shakespeare wrote great plays such as "Romeo and Juliet", Twelfth Night,
Othello, Macbeth, Hamlet and many others. Directors of Bollywood films are
adapted thinking of his famous plays in their movies. Shakespeare's plays' thoughts
are positively impacting experiencing the subject of these movies. As per the
Guinness Book of World Records, 410 Shakespeare adaptations have been observed
in nearly 1,095 projects (Chatterjee, 2021). In Bollywood, some famous movies
such as "Maqbool", "Omkara", "Haider", and "Goliyon Ki Rasleela: Ram-
Leela" are based on Shakespeare's thinking. The Plays of Shakespeare are
considered the greatest plays for his beautiful language and modern implication of
universal themes in the world's literary history (Zhu, 2019). Filmmakers have tried
to adopt the ideas of Shakespeare in their films to influence the people. Adapting
Shakespeare's thinking helps develop knowledge about 16th-century England.

William Shakespeare's ideas give motivation to modern-day's films. The

beautiful English language of his plays has influenced the writer of recent days in

1
 Chapter 1: Introduction

Bollywood. Directors and writers of Bollywood movies use many beautiful English
words in this movie to express the true expression of Shakespearean principles
(Tatipang, 2022). Modern Assamese literature uses style, characterisation and
techniques to represent different types of dramas (Karim, 2019). Shakespeare's
principles have influenced the dreams of the modern age. Shakespeare in Dream
inspires drama to revolutionize the culture, society and dramaturgy (Chatterjee,
2021). "Romeo and Juliet" is Shakespeare's most famous play of Shakespeare and
the ideas of this play are providing an impact in the Bollywood films named
"Goliyon Ki Rasleela: Ram-Leela". The director of this, Sanjay Leela Bhansali,
represents the intra-cultural love story based on the play Shakespeare. This way,
Shakespeare's ideas, thinking, and ideology are adapted to the modern-day
Bollywood celluloid.

Shakespeare's plays are influenced by Bollywood movies based on the ideas

and logical problems of his plays. He wrote his plays based on the situation of his
times, and these thoughts are still reflected in the culture of recent days. "Maqbool",
"Haider", "Omkara" and "Goliyon Ki Rasleela: Ram-Leela" are some famous
movies where the ideas of Shakespeare are adapted. Analyzing the content,
storylines, dialogues and props of modern Bollywood movies represent those
principles of Shakespeare (Ohge et al., 2018.). This literature is based on the impact
of Shakespeare's regulations in Bollywood movies and analyzes many factors such
as culture, behavior, and thinking of people of his age. Directors of recent films are
trying to re-adapt such Shakespearean principles to represent current issues.

"Maqbool" is a popular crime drama in India that Vishal Bhardwaj directed

in 2004. This Bollywood film was created based on Shakespeare's play, Macbeth.
Adaptation of the play represents the damage and physiological effects based on the
political aspects of this movie. In "Maqbool", the main stars are Irfan, Pankaj
Kapur, Om Puri, Naseeruddin Shah, Piyush Mishra, MasumehMakhija, Murali
Sharma, and Tabu (Javed, 2020). This movie is based on the adaptation of the
political passion of Macbeth's ambitions. The play Macbeth act is based on the front
of a family where Lady Macbeth died for the foolish action of the military. These
political aspects of Shakespearean ideas are repented in the movie Vishal Bhardwaj.

2
 Chapter 1: Introduction

The director of this film shows the political ambitions of Macbeth. Actors played
their roles perfectly in this movie and represented the fact of politics in it.

In this movie, the director presents the characteristics and events of Macbeth
based on the backdrop of Mumbai. "Maqbool" film was focused on the ambitions of
Mumbai's underworld and struggled against Jahangir Khan. Jahangir Khan was the
underworld don in this film, and works against him were represented. The recreation
of the play Shakespeare has been observed in this Bollywood movie. The director of
this film shows the physical and mental devastation related to the play of Macbeth.
The movie is based on Shakespeare and their ambitions. This movie is considered
the first film of Bhardwaj's Shakespearean trilogy. This "Maqbool" film provides the
concept of Macbeth play by using several dialogues based on Shakespeare's ideas
(Arakkal, 2020). Vishal Bhardwaj was influenced by the modern day's peoples of
political aspects by using the thoughts of Shakespeare.

Another film is "Omkara", which represents the concept of Othello by

Vishal Bhardwaj. This film is considered the second installment of Bhardwaj's
Shakespearean trilogy. Othello was released in 2006 and focused on the
contemporary Ottoman–Venetian War from 1570 to 1573 (García-Periago et al.,
2018). In this film, Ajay Devgn, Saif Ali Khan, Vivek Oberoi, Bipasha Basu,
Kareena Kapoor, and Konkona Sen Sharma were appointed as the stars of this
famous Bollywood movie. The "Omkara" film is based on the concept of fighting on
the Island of Cyprus. This idea is related to the Othello play by Shakespeare.

In this play, the tragedy of Othello summarizes the essence of love, betrayal,
and jealousy that caused the ultimate tragedy of the play. These essences of the play
indicate the principles of Shakespeare. Vishal Bhardwaj used the ideology of his
movies and inspired the famous English writer. All his film is for analyzing the fact
of the Tragedy of Othello. Directors are trying to input Shakespearean ideologies
into the storylines, props, customs, dialogues, content, and performance of
Bollywood movies (Ciraulo, 2021). In Shakespeare's play, the main characters are
Othello, Desdemona, a Moorish military commander, and Iago. These characters
represented the central concept of the play. The director of this film showed the

3
 Chapter 1: Introduction

circumstances of the contemporary Ottoman–Venetian War. In this movie, the actors

represented a similar tragedy based on Shakespeare's ideas.

In "Omkara", the jealousy of the character of "Omkara" leads him to believe

that Kesu and Dolly are having an affair. This causes the death of Dolly, and she is
murdered on the wedding night by his husband. The essences of trust issues and
jealousy were reflected by the actors of modern-day's actors in the film "Omkara".
The values of religion in love are presented in this Classical Bollywood movie by
Vishal Bhardwaj (Dhara, 2022). This movie adapted the thoughts of Shakespeare for
analyzing the issues of trust in love. Director is trying to recreate the concept of
play based on human culture and behavioral style by influencing Shakespeare's
drama. In this Bollywood film, the director used the kind of romance and threats to
the local environment related to the Othello play's essence (Hasan, 2020). The
director analyzed the concept of human behavior in this movie based on
Shakespeare's principles. In this way, the thoughts of this famous English playwright
re-adapted the idea of Shakespeare's Literature.

As per the above discussion, it has been observed that the concept, ideas, and
principles have been affected by the recent day's plays. Political views of the drama
Macbeth were reflected in the film "Maqbool" in 2004. The emotional view of
Othello's plays was reflected in the movie "Omkara" in 2006. This study analyzes
the impact of the several viewpoints of Shakespeare's Literature in Bollywood
movies. Several beneficial effects of plays have been observed in modern
Bollywood movies. Directors represented the concept of Shakespeare's drama in
recent movies with contemporary characters and style. This study focuses on the
adaptation of Macbeth in "Maqbool", Othello in "Omkara", Hamlet in "Haider",
and "Romeo and Juliet" in "Goliyon Ki Rasleela: Ram-Leela" (Cioni, 2018).
Reflection of this play concept in Bollywood movies is the main focus of this study.

In this study, an adaptation of Hamlet in a Bollywood movie named "Haider''

has been observed based on the topic. "Haider" is a famous Bollywood movie
directed by Vishal Bhardwaj based on the ideology of Hamlet play (Javed, 2021).
Analysis of the factor of modern-day issues such as relativism, skepticism, and

4
 Chapter 1: Introduction

existentialism has occurred in this Bollywood film named "Haider ''. This film
reflects the concept and application of principles of Shakespeare's drama. In the play
of this famous poet, the tragedy of prince Hamlet and his revenge against Uncle
Claudius has been focused on representing the factors of human behaviors. The main
center point of this play is to describe Psychoanalytic criticism. This concept is
reflected in the part of the Bollywood film "Haider". Oedipus's complex concept
focused on this drama by Shakespeare for analyzing the cause and effect of this
complexity.

In the "Haider" movie, the main characters were played by Shahid

Kapoor, Tabu, Irfan Khan, and Kay kay Menon. Shahid Kapoor and Tabu played
the primary leadership role in this movie. These actors played a vital role in
representing the concept of the internal anguish of a human based on Shakespeare's
drama. The reflection of the drama concept upon the Bollywood movie is the main
key point of this study. Directors and actors in recent Bollywood understand the
play's central theme and try to explain this concept (Chatterjee, 2022). In this
famous movie, the young poet named "Haider" was returned to Kashmir to look for
his father's disappearance.

Death of Hilaal is this film's main focus based on Hilaal Meer's wish.
"Haider" took revenge upon Khurram. This represents the Oedipus complex of
humans, and the chronic disorder causes this. The concept of the Oedipus complex
was explained in the Hamlet drama, and Vishal Bhardwaj recreated this concept in
this Bollywood movie (Kowsar & Mukherjee, 2021). This Bollywood movie is
considered the third installment of Bhardwaj's Shakespeare Trilogy. The idea of the
tragedy of Hamlet is observed in the movie "Haider". Another popular movie
"Goliyon Ki Rasleela: Ram-Leela", reflects the ideology of Shakespeare's drama,
"Romeo and Juliet". Sanjay Leela Bhansali directed this film in 2013 to analyze
classical romance. This movie's tragedy and comedy are associated with the issues
of intra-cultural love. Ranveer Singh and Deepika Padukone played the most vital
characters that are Ram and Leela.

5
 Chapter 1: Introduction

Based on the ideas and principles of Shakespeare's drama, Bollywood

movies are getting a positive impact by focusing on many political, behavioral, and
love issues in society. As per all discussions, it has been stated that the ideology of
Shakespeare's literature has been reflected in many famous Bollywood movies in
modern days (Demmen, 2020). Directors of Bollywood movies used the thoughts of
this famous English poet in their films to explain many concepts of social impact.
This study focuses on the adaptation of many dramas in Bollywood movies to
describe the issues of society in recent days. Directors and actors of this modern film
have tried to highlight the concept of intra-cultural love, the Oedipus complex, the
internal anguish, and the political circumstances of Shakespeare's drama in
Bollywood films.

The numerous plots of renowned writers have served as inspiration for

modern cinema. Shakespeare is a well-known author whose works have had an
impact on Bollywood in addition to Hollywood. The ideas, plots, methods of
direction, and production techniques of directors frequently take inspiration from
contemporary cinema. All of these were sparked by the directors' reading of
literature, which encouraged them to create essential productions for everyone's
entertainment. In this kind of film, the cinematic approach is mainly determined by
educating individuals about numerous ideologies, relationships, and societal
conditions of diverse situations. The focus of this strategy is on the idea of re-
adapting literature with a contemporary vision.

Worldwide, Shakespeare has served as an inspiration for many generations

of filmmakers. Shakespearean tales provide some of the best elements for a
mainstream movie in any language. These can be adapted to fit any culture, ethnic
background, time-space paradigms, relationships, etc. In addition, Shorab Modi
directed the Indian film Khoon ka Khoon, which is a Hamlet adaptation. On the
other hand, Zalim Saudagar is based on the J.J. Madan film Merchant of Venice
(Chatterjee, 2022). Three honest adaptations of Shakespearean works into
Bollywood films include Macbeth in "Maqbool", Othello in "Omkara", and Hamlet
in "Haider" by Vishal Bhardwaj.

6
 Chapter 1: Introduction

Vishal Bhardwaj directed the 2004 Indian film "Maqbool", released in

theaters. Shakespeare's Macbeth, one of the most well-known literary
masterpieces, served as the basis for this movie. Irfan, Tabu, Pankaj Kapoor,
Nashirudding Shah, Om Puri, and Piyush Mishra were the movie's leading stars.
Murali Sharma and Maumeh Makhiji were the co-stars. According to the
statement of Ohge et al., (2018), the majority of this film was filmed in Mumbai, the
home of Bollywood. It featured several displays of various social and political
contracts. This film reveals that Jahangir Khan (Pankaj Kapur), a don in the Mumbai
underworld, was commanded by "Maqbool" (Irfan khan). Nimmi (Tabu), Jahangir's
mistress, and "Maqbool" were developing an affectionate relationship.

The overwhelming avarice of Macbeth, which ultimately drives him to kill

the King who was genuinely loyal to him, is also described in the story Macbeth.
This character became even more determined to take the throne at all costs after
hearing from the three witches that the character ought to be the King. As per the
viewpoint of Arakkal, (2020), this was demonstrated aboard the "Maqbool" as well,
with the King being replaced by the Don of Mumbai and Chief. Lady Macbeth
played the role of Macbeth's wife in Macbeth, whilst Nimmi played the role of
"Maqbool"'s lover. Shakespeare's primary literature and the basic plot have both
been borrowed. The primary turning point in the narrative of Macbeth is when
Macbeth devises a murderous plan.

Macbeth and Maqbool are primarily created in the same context of the
political situation. Political conflicts of that time are reflected in both films. On the
other hand, the effect of the political disputes over joint families is reflected in this
kind of modern film. In these films, directors try to relate the previous culture of
society with contemporary civilizations. As per the opinion of García-Periago et al.,
(2018), these combinations of European and Indian cultures are liked by the Indian
audience. On the other hand, directors have changed the stories to make the
characters enjoyable. Directors perfectly relate Indian culture with the stories of
Shakespeare.

7
 Chapter 1: Introduction

"Haider" is another Indian movie released in 2014 and primarily produced by

Vishal Bhardwaj. Shahid Kapoor, Shraddha Kapoor, Tabu, a supporting part from
Irfan Khan, and Kay Kay Menon make up the film's primary cast. The most well-
known of all times, the Shakespearean literary work Hamlet, has been linked to the
film. In this film, the presentation was contemporary, serving a variety of functions
and appealing to viewers. In contrast to writing, the movie's primary goal is to raise
awareness of social issues. According to the statement of Javed (2021),
Shakespeare's most dramatic play, Hamlet, centers on Prince Hamlet, who intended
to exact revenge on his uncle Claudius. The construction of a film from a literary
work frequently acts as the appropriate motivation for the main subject's adaptation.
The primary setting of the plot is World War II, but the movie should be built
differently; it should be created in the twenty-first century.

The mysterious attraction to nature makes Prince Hamlet so depressing in its

natural state. The tragic section of the story involves the main character's intense
hatred for the uncle and her desire to market him. "Haider", the main character, was
concerned about his uncle because he had an extramarital relationship with his
mother. The similarity of Hamlet demonstrates that the uncle is having an affair with
the prince's mother. In the film, "Haider" was a student of the Revolutionary Poets
of British India who graduated from Aligarh University. The actor then searched for
his missing father and learned the truth about his mother's relationship with his
uncle. Hamlet and "Haider" are two characters that have a lot in common. This
movie accurately portrays Kashmir, where citizens are afraid of militants. Director
perfectly relates the religious problems and political issues of Kashmir with the story
of Hamlet.

South Indian culture is the subject of the film "Omkara". Discrimination

against Spanish and North African people existed throughout the reign of Queen
Elizabeth. "Omkara" is skillfully depicted in this environment to show the modern
period's rudimentary culture. There was a history of prejudice against lay people
because of their freedom and liability. The "Omkara" film clearly explains how
south Indians live their daily lives. This drama also depicts modern socio-
economic realities essential to everyday living.

8
 Chapter 1: Introduction

Because the lives of the average person were so unpleasant, they were forced
to work for a living. The play Othello likewise features an overt love triangle as
though it were a current event.

1.1 Rationale of the Study

Modern cinema usually starts to adapt Shakespeare's concepts, approaches,
and thoughts that influence the audience's attention massively towards the recently
longed movies. These movies depend on Shakespeare's ideas and thoughts and bring
various things to know about the kingdom of the king and the relationship between
the king and their followers. As per the opinion of Movies (2022), Shakespeare's
plays mainly cover comedies, histories, and tragedies, and these genres are used in
making many Bollywood movies. These movies help the audience to emphasize
honesty and justice overall and give ideas about the ancient insights in a constructive
manner. "Maqbool", "Omkara", "Haider", and "Goliyon Ki Rasleela: Ram-Leela"
are some famous movies that attract audiences, and all the movie's concepts are
borrowed from the shopkeeper's plays (Ali et al., 2021).

"Maqbool", "Omkara", "Haider", and "Goliyon Ki Rasleela: Ram-

Leela" movie concepts are from Macbeth, Othello, Hamlet, and "Romeo and
Juliet", respectively. From the perspective of Sardine et al.,. (2021), "Maqbool" is
an Indian crime film lodged in 2004 and directed by Bhardwaj and the main stars
Irfan, Tabu, Pankaj Kapur, Naseeruddin Shah, Om Puri, Piyush Mishra, Murali
Sharma, and Masumeh Makhija. This movie is an adaptation of Shakespeare's
Macbeth and shows the physical and psychological effects on a politically
ambitious person. This film is full of criminal protagonists that permit both
audiences and directors to experience the extraordinary levels of violence, danger,
and ill-gotten luxury in society. All people need to maintain good health,
atmosphere, and loyalty to their surroundings and neighbors.

Few people can do that successfully, but, in most cases, human nature cannot
walk this way due to many problems. In society, people easily betray their partners
and break their faith to get satisfaction about livelihood and other essential aspects.
According to Zandu Qisti et al.,. (2021), people become greedy and benevolent

9
 Chapter 1: Introduction

while increasing their power, which might help them guide the whole society and
help them become leaders. The "Maqbool" movie represents these acts and gives
clear ideas about society's nature which is wholly adapted from the Shakespeare play
Macbeth. Some twists contradict both the concepts and thoughts. "Maqbool", like
Macbeth, is a man who constantly oscillates between the twin forces of guilt and
ambition.

The "Maqbool" movie is further enhanced by his love for Nimmi and his
craving for legitimacy, unlike Shakespeare's legitimacy, which runs on diapers. The
film is, in short, a masterpiece that carries the unique interpretation of Macbeth that
Irfan khan brilliantly executed.

"Maqbool '' teaches the one who can cover their sins for the world but cannot
hide them from self. It helps to fall the shades on the foremost common issue in
societies: negative thoughts can entirely mess up one's mind and brain. According to
the statement of Zanolin and Paul (2022), the power of the human brain can be
destroyed only by negative thinking and cannot help to give their best on the work.
The main similarity is that destruction is wrought when moral constraints unchecked
ambition. It also offers ideas about corruption and how easily it can be handled with
adequately organized thinking. In society, to sustain, all people are adopting any
crime, and each individual is wise to hide these parts. As per the opinion of Ferrier,
(2021), people are meeting their daily needs and their execution with the help of
corruption which is beautifully exposed in this movie. They provide some wise
approaches to handling such circumstances in society. Apart from that, this play and
the film clearly define people's negative thinking, which weakens human power.
Anyone can succeed if their minds are filled with positive thinking and are exposed
to these two parts.

However, the film is based on all the characteristics and events that are the
main backdrop to Mumbai. The story revolves around "Maqbool"'s ambitions to
understand the Mumbai underground nature and his struggles against Jahangir khan,
the underground don. This part is a reincarnation of Macbeth and his overriding
ambition and greed. It also includes his dominating wife, Lady Macbeth, and the last

10
 Chapter 1: Introduction

to seize the throne of King Duncan. The whole analysis is to help the audience
highlight the mental and physical devastation in the sixties. Hence, the movie is
counted as the first film that makes the installment of Bhardwaj's Shakespearean
trilogy.

"Haider" is a Bollywood movie released in 2004 and directed by Vishal

Bhardwaj. As per the opinion of Javed (2021), the lead role actor of the film is
Shahid Kapoor, and the lead actress is Tabu, along with Shraddha Kapoor, Kay Kay
Menon as supporting roles and Irfan Khan in an extended cameo. This movie is
influenced by William Shakespeare's play Hamlet and based on the modern-day
application, the play depicts the classical tragedy that is the main character and
prince Hamlet. "Haider" is a movie based on a social setting about the insurgency
torn in Kashmir in 1995. It shows the massive disputes between Pakistan and India.
The location of Hamlet begins at the ancient fortress of Denmark in the middle ages
of the 14th and 15th centuries. In contrast, the movie "Haider '' is Vishal
Bahardwaj's, which gives the idea that revenge begets revenge and does not set free
the public, and true freedom lies behind this. It also sheds the concept on the
insurgency of the Indian brutal counter and the setting itself that changes the wide
linguistic gap in the society, which made the movie and the play both different.

Since "Haider" is a Bollywood movie, the director was trying to make this
movie to attract the mass audience towards it and get ideas on the relatable Indian
context. The case of Hamlet provides the autocratic lives of the kings and queens
that maintain an excellent livelihood. As per the opinion of Zuhdi (2019),
linguistically also there that widening the two of these where the film exposed the
ideas of modern societies people who maintain a wonderful life with enormous
funds and the oppositely it clears the thoughts about the culture and their lives on the
societies of the different cultures in all terms.

Hamlet has been portrayed as the reflection of Christian society about their
daily livelihood, but on the other hand, "Haider'' shows the political misshapen with
Islamic reflection. As per the opinion of Stell (2019), in the whole movie, it is seen
how Islamic culture and its influence affect ordinary people and force them to take

11
 Chapter 1: Introduction

their religion. At certain times there is a contrast and norms that affect the visible,
and there are specific differences in the plot where the relationship is portrayed in
both. Several plots have been depicted in the whole movie and the play, such as the
play that shows that in Denmark, the king is dead, but the proper investigation
proves that there is murder. Similarly, the character of Roohdaar tells the main
culprit who murdered his father and shows that he is naturally dead. Moreover, the
relationship between Hamlet and Gertrude is not very affectionate, offered
throughout the movie. All Shakespearean tragedies have an essential role and
element initially found in society but gradually disappear from the play and films.
One of the most striking senses is the equivalent of the 'to be or not be' in
Shakespeare's play, and "Haider" turns the same 'to be or not be' in soliloquy into the
confessional speech. From the perspective of Liu (2019), it is decidedly political and
public and always uses the hangman's rope which seems to him as an imaginary
microphone. "Haider" also carries a boombox with a cassette player. This cassette
player reminds him that someone is talking with anyone about his recently faced
problems. Hamlet, like "Haider", has lodged to be heard and urges the crowd of the
Kashmir political issues to find the solution desperately how it mitigates.

Furthermore, there are many contrasts seen in both movie and the play, like
looking at the character analysis of the play Hamlet, the prince, and romantic and
knowledgeable person. This person is insightful, melancholy, and cynical, and
nature is likely to have hatred for his uncle Claudius. Claudius has married his
mother, Gertrude, and his mother's addiction repulses Hamlet. According to the
statement of Flaherty, (2018), a similar portrayal is in the movie where "Haider" is a
student of Revolutionary poets of British India, and studies at Aligarh university to
find his missing father (Dr. Hilaal Meer). After that, "Haider" learns that his mother,
Ghazala, is having an illegitimate affair with his uncle Khurram. It can be said that
both "Haider" and Hamlet are closely similar in this character, whereas due to some
contrast in their texture, both are different in some situations. Both characters
become insane, and the theme is the insanity that is highlighted due to the death of
king Hamlet or Dr. Hilaal Meer.

12
 Chapter 1: Introduction

Literature has a significant contribution to cinema, and most directors are

inspired by novels, plays, and stories written by renowned dramatists and novelists.
William Shakespeare is an excellent name in literature, and the drama of this
dramatist inspires many filmmakers. In Bollywood, this dramatist has made
significant contributions through dreams. Box office business is an essential aspect
of filmmaking, along with producers. As per the opinion of Benson, (2020),
audiences prefer to watch original stories through movies, and directors and
producers try to make films inspired by the stories. All kinds of film directors
encourage stories of Shakespeare's dramas to make fresh and well-made movies to
attract the audience to give them new experiences through film.

Bollywood directors take inspiration from the story of Shakespeare's

drama and make movies in the context of Indian society and culture. This effort of
directors helps to attract the audience with the story, and as a result, most of the
audience prefers to watch movies based on these dramas of Shakespeare.
According to Dastidar and Elliott, (2020), box office success encourages film
directors and producers to make films on this kind of drama which can attract
primary audiences. In 2013, Sanjay Leela Bhansali made the film "Goliyon Ki
Rasleela: Ram-Leela" Hindi movie based on the renowned drama "Romeo and
Juliet", which impacted the box office collection, and this performance inspired the
makers to follow the story of Shakespeare.

In Bollywood movies adoption of Shakespearean plays is increasing to

attract the audience. On the other hand, film critics have praised the story of this
movie, and most of the audience is drawn by the story of this movie. This movie has
collected 16 core Indian rupees from all over the box-office market. This collection
inspires Bollywood directors to adopt Shakespeare's drama to attract audiences
through fresh and new movie experiences (Entertainment Desk, 2018). In 2006
"Omkara" movie was made by Vishal Bhardwaj, and this movie is inspired by
Othello, a famous novel by Shakespeare (The Times of India, 2016, 2020). The
directors of this movie portrayed the story of Othello in the context of Indian society
and culture. As a result, the audience of Bollywood cine can easily connect with the

13
 Chapter 1: Introduction

cinema. Most film critics have praised the story of this movie, and the audience
watches this movie with great attention.

In these movies, the audience gets a new story and thinking plot and complex
relationship defined in these movies by its story. Film critics have mostly preferred
story-based movies in which the art value of movies is highly maintained. The film's
foremost story Directors of the movies try to portray Indian society related through
Shakespeare's drama. The development of the art value of cinema is a significant
aspect of Bollywood cinema, and the adoption of this drama and covers in cinema
helped to improve the art value of cinema. The introduction of new stories in the
movie industry is essential for the improvement of the cinema industry. This
adoption has helped the Bollywood industry to improve its artistic value. These
movies are praised in the international cinema world due to their impact on the
movie industry.

Audiences are highly impressed with the story and subject of this movie. The
movie's subject helps to understand the real-life fact of relationships defined in the
"Omkara" movie (FC FRONT ROW, 2020). The character of Othello inspires the
characters' names, and the language used in this movie is local. These kinds of
initiatives are taken to experiment with movies to increase the value of the movies.
Other directors can take inspiration from this experiment in movies to make an art
value-added and impactful movie to impress the audience and film critics. As per the
opinion of Hong, (2021), the situation if movies that the directors create are taken
from the local Indian culture, and this initiative helps the audience to understand the
thoughts and subjects of these movies. Much appreciation is provided to the
directors for making these kinds of films for the audience to feel new experiences in
theaters.

At the box office, "Omkara" has shown its ability to attract audiences to
watch the movie in theaters. According to Vandenbroucke and Meeks (2018),
audience appreciation and box office collection encourage directors to make these
kinds of movies which can provide audiences with new and different types of
experiences in theaters. These movies won many awards, and winning awards

14
 Chapter 1: Introduction

helped to increase the directors' encouragement to experiment with Shakespeare's

stories. According to Chakrabarty (2020), the adoption of Shakespeare's drama and
the novel is to be increased due to these kinds of appreciation and awards along with
the audience's support. Adopting this famous dramatist helps the Bollywood
directors to provide new experiments through their moves which are required to
entertain the people. In financial development, box office collection significantly
impacts the Bollywood industry and the success of the movies inspired by
Shakespeare's novel.

On the other hand, in international film festivals, Bollywood movies are

praised due to the adoption of these dramas and novels. As per the opinion of Song
(2018), global appreciation is possible due to this adoption, and directors have
gotten international recognition through these movies. A culture of arts is
developing in Bollywood movies through the adoption of Shakespearean plays, and
as a result, the standards of movies are increasing. This improving standard is
necessary for international recognition, and the movies of Bollywood can expand its
market to the whole world. An audience this is to be increased through its increasing
demand worldwide. This international recognition helps to experiment with movies
to provide new stories in movies which can impress the audience. International
recognition also helps increase the Bollywood industry's financial stability, which is
essential for making new movies. The revenue of the Hindi movie industry is rising,
and the foreign market has a significant contribution to the revenue of this industry
(Basuroy, 2022). Making more new movies can provide audiences with new
experiences, and the audience can enjoy the moments in theaters.

1.2 Research Aim and Objectives

This research aims to study the representation of William Shakespeare's
plays in Bollywood cinema and how they have been adapted for the Indian audience.
The research objectives will focus on analyzing the cultural, social, and historical
context in which these adaptations have been made, as well as examining the ways
in which the themes, characters, and storylines of Shakespeare's plays have been
reinterpreted and altered in the Bollywood adaptations. Additionally, the research
will aim to evaluate the critical reception of these adaptations and understand their

15
 Chapter 1: Introduction

impact on Indian audiences and culture, as well as provide a comprehensive

understanding of the process of adaptation and reinterpretation of Shakespeare's
plays in the Bollywood context. Here are the key objectives of the research in bullet-
point format:
 Study the representation of Shakespeare's plays in Bollywood cinema
("Maqbool", "Haider", "Omkara", and Goliyon ki Rasleela: Ram Leela)
 Examine the cultural, social, and historical context of these adaptations
 Analyze the ways in which themes, characters, and storylines have been
altered
 Evaluate the critical reception of these adaptations
 Understand the impact of these adaptations on Indian audiences and culture
 Provide a comprehensive understanding of the adaptation process in the
Bollywood context.

1.3 Statement of the Problem

The aim of this study is to examine the ways in which Bollywood
adaptations of a few of Shakespeare's plays have transformed the original works and
to assess the impact of these adaptations on the understanding and reception of
Shakespeare's plays in India. Through a close analysis of the adaptations, this
research seeks to explore the key differences between the original plays and their
Bollywood versions, including the changes made to themes, characters, and overall
storytelling. The study also aims to understand how Bollywood adaptations reflect
and shape Indian cultural identity and to assess the reception of Shakespeare's works
in India in light of these adaptations. A few potential issues related to the topic of
Shakespeare and his plays being re-adapted in Bollywood cinema:
● Cultural appropriation: The use of Shakespeare's works and characters in
Bollywood films may be seen as a form of cultural appropriation,
particularly if the adaptations are not respectful to the original source
material or the culture that it comes from.
● Authenticity: There may be concerns about the authenticity of the
adaptations and how closely they adhere to the original Shakespearean works

16
 Chapter 1: Introduction

or if they alter or omit key elements in a way that fundamentally changes the
story or characters.
● Artistic integrity: Some may argue that re-adapting Shakespeare's plays in
Bollywood cinema dilutes the artistic integrity of the original works and the
vision of the playwright.
● Understanding: The adaptations may also be criticized for not accurately
representing the original context, themes, and meaning of the Shakespearean
works, potentially leading to a distorted understanding of the plays for
audiences unfamiliar with the original source material.

Hence, the Statement of the problem in the research that I have focussed
upon are:
● What is the impact of Macbeth in "Maqbool"?
● What kind of reflection of Othello is present in "Omkara"?
● How is "Romeo and Juliet" impactful in Goliyon Ki Rasleela: Ram Leela?
● What is the evaluation of Hamlet in "Haider"?

1.4 Significance of the Study

This study is significant as the adoption of Shakespeare is described, and the
importance of the adoption is found. In this study, four movies are related, and the
adaptation of the movies is discussed. This discussion helps to understand the
drama's impact on making new movies. Directors can impress the audience through
their latest films and the thoughts shown in movies. The audience gets opportunities
to feel the film's new experiences inspired by the dramas. Feeling experiences help
the audience realize facts of life and relationships shown in the theater, which are
essential in real-life learning.

Most Bollywood directors make movies in the Indian context, and this
initiative helps to understand the facts of the movies easily to the audience. The
audience can relate the subject to their social context, and the movies can easily
impress the audience. Most of the movies based on the story of Shakespeare's drama
have received international recognition, and this international acknowledgment helps
to increase audiences worldwide. This growing market of Bollywood movies is

17
 Chapter 1: Introduction

compulsory to provide financial support to the producers and filmmakers. This

financial support encourages the directors to make these kinds of movies, and
audiences can experience the movies in theaters.

The art value of cinema is important, and adoption has increased the art of
Bollywood movies. This improvement in the art value of Bollywood movies helps to
get international recognition. The potential of this film industry is expanding, and
opportunities for doing experiments are improving. This improvement in doing
experiments is the key point to providing new experiences to the audience through
movies. The adoption of such financial success and good feedback from critics
encouraged the directors to make more movies based on Shakespearean plays.
Audiences get more opportunities to watch different kinds of movies from this
adoption, and these opportunities are compulsory for entertaining people. This study
is based on the adoption of Shakespearean plays and the impact of this adoption. In
this study, it is justified that this adoption has helped to impress the film's critics
through the movies. The industry's potential is improving in the development of ray
value, which is essential for the overall development of the film industry.
● Cultural Insight: This study will provide valuable insight into the cultural
and historical context in which Shakespeare's plays have been adapted and
reinterpreted in Bollywood cinema, giving a deeper understanding of Indian
society and cultural norms.
● Literary Analysis: This research will contribute to the field of literary studies
by analyzing the adaptations of Shakespeare's plays and comparing them to
the original works. This will provide a deeper understanding of the process
of adaptation and the factors that influence it.
● Film Studies: This study will provide a comprehensive examination of the
representation of Shakespeare in Bollywood cinema and the ways in which
these adaptations have been made. This will contribute to the field of film
studies and the understanding of the Indian film industry.
● Critical Reception: This research will evaluate the critical reception of these
adaptations and their impact on audiences, providing insight into the ways in
which these adaptations have been received and perceived.

18
 Chapter 1: Introduction

● Intercultural Exchange: This study will highlight the intercultural exchange

that takes place through the adaptation and reinterpretation of Shakespeare's
plays in Bollywood cinema, demonstrating the importance of cultural
exchange in the arts.

Overall, This research will contribute to the fields of literary studies, film
studies, and cultural studies, providing a deeper understanding of the representation
of Shakespeare in Bollywood cinema and the cultural and historical context in which
these adaptations have been made.

1.5 Structure of the Dissertation

Figure 1.6.1: Structure of Dissertation

(Source: Self-developed)

19
 Chapter 2
Literature Review
 Chapter 2
Literature Review

This chapter describes Shakespearean plays' impact on Bollywood Celluloid.

Plays clearly explain various cultures and their activities. Macbeth, Othello, and
Hamlet plays are mainly focusing on Indian culture and the love affair that is
combined in the plays. These plays were converted into vernacular languages to
understand the main objectives of plays properly. The plays' plots are conveyed
colloquially and lucidly for everyone to understand. Shakespearean plays
enormously influence Bollywood movies, and the touch of these plays can reach the
people of India easily through these movies. This chapter explains which movies are
influenced by Shakespearean plays.

2.1 Influence of Shakespearean plays in Bollywood Celluloid

Shakespeare inspired several generations of filmmakers all over the world.
According to Chatterjee, (2022), stories of Shakespeare offer filmmakers some of
the best ingredients for a mainstream film in any language and could belong to any
culture, ethnic backdrop, time-space paradigm, relationship and so on. Apart from
that, Khoon ka Khoon is an Indian movie directed by Shorab Modi and is an
adaptation of Hamlet. On the other hand, Zalim Saudagar is based on Merchant of
Venice, directed by J.J Madan (Chatterjee, 2022). Vishal Bhardwaj's adaption of
Macbeth in "Maqbool", Othello, and "Omkara", followed by Hamlet in "Haider", are
some sincere adaptations of Shakespearean novels in Bollywood movies.

Shakespearean plays have been famous in Bollywood for Indian audiences.

Shakespeare has written many plots that come into being in human life. According
to the statement of Tatipang (2022), the Shakespearean play has been noticed in
movies as similar to English literature. There is no difference between literature and
Bollywood movies as the play reveals ancient stories and various tragic histories
from the past that have to be known by the people. Many films have taken multiple
plots from Shakespearean plays for attraction to the audience. Shakespearean plays
have excellent explanations for charming characters to adapt to Bollywood. Vishal

20
 Chapter 2: Literature Review

Bhardwaj is a filmmaker who has contributed his effort to Bollywood movie

production. The movie has provided liveliness and a lovely situation suitable for the
audience. Films contribute more energy for the audience to enjoy the movie.

Literature and movies show the same theme for extraordinary things.
Directors have been added to the movie to provide more merriment for the audience
while watching the film. As per the opinion of Arakkal (2020), Bollywood has been
developed by the Shakespearean play that has an exemplary contribution to most of
the movies which Vishal Bhardwaj produces. Indian movies have been made by
proper analysis by the producers for the best movie. The Shakespearean play gained
much influence from the Indian people for their excellent exhibition through his
writing for the audience. Shakespeare has written many plays for his audience;
hence some of the plays have been added to Bollywood movies. The movies have
been producing real scenarios of human life that have impacted various ways of
human life. Shakespeare has also written such a plot that is a fine exhibition of
human life activities. Many worse situations have been highlighted by Shakespeare,
which provides animated features of the play.

Filmmakers have adopted various movies from different plays written in

ancient times. According to the statement of Mohammad (2021), Shakespeare has
produced legendary, heroic and diverse stories regarding religious history to
highlight contemporary situations. Bollywood movies are also made similarly to
Shakespearean plays and adopt the ideas from his plays. Shakespearean plays have
all kinds of plots suitable for movie creation and drawing more attention. The play
and movies are the fine arts of writers and producers contributing to the ancient
scenario from their extraordinary work. Plays and films are crucial portions of
entertainment for the audience to enjoy their life.

Shakespearean plays have been producing love, romance, and tragedy for an
exclusive explanation for the audience to enjoy. The audience has widely accepted
Shakespearean plays for their attractive and excellent content has been provided in
his play. Vishal Bhardwaj has produced files for Indian audiences to understand
Shakespearean plays better. Per Arakkal's (2020) opinion, Shakespeare's plays are

21
 Chapter 2: Literature Review

important for Bollywood movies to all audiences and helpful for students who are
studying English literature.

The various storylines of famous writers have inspired modern cinema.

Shakespeare is a renowned writer whose writings have not only influenced
Hollywood but also taken place in Bollywood. Contemporary cinema tends to
influence directors' thinking, storylines, and process of direction and production
strategies. All of these have been inspired by reading literature, which inspired the
directors to make necessary productions to entertain all people. According to the
studies of Mayward (2021), the cinematic approach is mainly determined by
awarding people about various philosophies, relations, and societal conditions of
multiple situations. The direction of this approach is concentrated on the principle of
re-adaptation of literature with the modern, attractive representation of
Shakespearean literature with contemporary issues and social conflicts.

"Maqbool"
"Maqbool" is an Indian film that was released in the year 2004, with
direction by Vishal Bhardwaj. This film has been inspired by Shakespeare's famous
literary work that is Macbeth. The film's main stars were Irfan, Tabu, Pankaj
Kapoor, Nashirudding Shah, Om puri, and Piyush Mishra, and the co-stars were
Murali Sharma and MaumehMakhija (imdb.com, 2021). This movie mainly took
place in the Bollywood city of Mumbai, showcasing various social and political
contracts. In this movie, it has been shown that there is a don in the Mumbai
underworld named Jahangir Khan (Pankaj Kapur), and his chief was "Maqbool"
(Irfan khan). "Maqbool" was falling in love with Nimmi (Tabu), Jahangir's mistress,
and "Maqbool" killed this don in his bed. This is similar to Macbeth in that the main
hero, Macbeth, was also killed to gain his empire, according to his loved ones.

The movie is the main re-adaptation of Shakespeare's literary work that

presents damaging physiological and physical impacts with a politically unstable
society for unrest and conflicts and the person that has the ambition to make the
attention of people for power. As per the studies of Siregar (2022), social conflict
and political instability can cause harmful impacts on society that affect

22
 Chapter 2: Literature Review

physiological and psychological destruction. The main passion is politics, which can
be seen in the film "Maqbool" and as the comparison of Macbeth, the central part of
the story is also based on love and politics with getting all the powers. The author
mainly has shown better interest in one's greed to make many dangerous persons.

In the story Macbeth, there are also descriptions of his extreme greed of
Macbeth that finally leads him to kill the king loyal to him. According to the three
witches who had informed them that he should be the king, that made him more
stubborn about seizing the throne at any cost. This has also been shown on the
"Maqbool" with the replacing king into the don of Mumbai and chief. In Macbeth,
Lady Macbeth is the wife of Macbeth; on the other hand, in "Maqbool", Nimmi is
the lover of "Maqbool". The main storyline and Shakespeare's main literature have
been taken.

In the main climax part of the story, Macbeth is Macbeth made a plan to
murder Banquo and Fleance and create a secure path to becoming the king of
Scotland. On their hand, the climax of Macqbool was when "Maqbool" killed Abba
ji, Jahangir at the time, in bed according to the plan and with the help of the Nimmi
(BOLLYWOOD, 2022). Then the main woman got the don seat, although those
people did not release from the problem after the guilt. Both "Maqbool" and Nimmi
received a haunted appearance of Abba ji with much tragedy and guilt that made
them a more destructive stage to overcome this danger.

Macbeth and "Maqbool'' almost show sufficient political conditions in the

society with conflict around the time. Moreover, the tragedy part is not more
successive, although the political discrimination is much more efficient in both the
story and movie. The story of Shakespeare has shown that sins cannot be hidden
before the entire world, even cannot be removed from oneself. At the end of the
section of the movie, it could be shown that Macqbool mainly did not get peace after
gaining power, but he was much doubt about the father of the child. From the
perspective of Michael and Ikiabo (2022), greed cannot allow enjoying life;
moreover, it affects the lives of man. Shakespearean literature clarifies man's desire
with the special effects on humans' physiological and mental conditions that create

23
 Chapter 2: Literature Review

the destruction of lives. The clearance takes a better influence on making Bollywood
films with particular reference to the trilogy of Shakespeare.

"Haider"
"Haider" is also an Indian film held in 2014 with the primary production by
Vishal Bhardwaj. The main casts of the film are Shahid Kapoor, Shraddha Kapoor,
leading actress Tabu, and Kay Kay Menon, along with the supporting role, Irfan
Khan (imdb.com, 2021). The movie has been associated with the Shakespearean
literary work Hamlet, the most famous of all eras. In this movie, the appearance was
the modern-day presentation with various purposes and attractive to the people. The
main aim of the movie is to make people aware of social conflict compared to
writing. Hamlet is the main tragic story of Shakespeare on Prince Hamlet, who was
going to take revenge on an uncle named Claudius. The emergence of film from the
development of literary work often serves as the subsequent nature of suitable
inspiration to adapt to the main subject. The story is the prominent appearance of
World War II, but the movie, as per the story, should not be formed like this; it
should be made as 21st century.

Director Vishal Bhardwaj has made tremendous praise for making various
films on Shakespeare's literary works; three of his movies are based on this
literature. As per the viewpoint of Fanari et al.,(2022), the re-adaptation of literature
into a new appearance on the screen made literature more influential in the main
subject. The re-adaptation of Hamlet is mainly based on the appeal of Denmark's
king to Kashmir in the 21st century. The main comparison between "Haider" and
Hamlet is to destroy the central provinces of Denmark, whereas, in "Haider", the
same things have been shown based on the Indian perspective. There is strict
political awareness in Kashmir with a better appearance of revenge.

The director has shown the conflict of better interest in the Kashmir tragedy.
The central tragic subject of the film realizes that the husband of "Haider's mother
watched it take responsibility. This made the main character take revenge for the
person. The central beginning portion of Hamlet is the ancient fortress of Denmark
between the 14th and 15th centuries (Javed & Geraghty, 2021). On the other hand,

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"Haider" belonged to Kashmir, whose main story is based on the 1995 brutal
military Indian counter-insurgency. There are many linguistic approaches and the
efficient investigation of the autocratic lives of the king and queens with lavish lives.
Hamlet has shown an obsession with Christianity; this "Haider" has shown the
religion misshapen with Islamic reflection.

Prince Hamlet is so melancholy with the mist attraction to nature. In the sad
part, the main character hated the uncle and wanted to market that person. The main
character, "Haider", was highly anxious about his uncle as the person had an
illegitimate affair with his mother. In a similar appearance to Hamlet, the uncle has
an experience with the prince's mother. In the movie, "Haider" was a student of
Revolutionary poets of British India who finished his studies at Aligarh university.
After that came to find his missing father and there came to know the primary
situation of his mother and her affair with his uncle (Kamath, 2016). "Haider" and
Hamlet are closely related to similar characters to make people understand the social
situation and the people's social condition.

The main plot goes around to "Haider" when a journalist named Arshia falls
in love with "Haider". There was some tragic part in the portion that the daughter's
father used to track "Haider" as a murderer. The main characteristics of Arshia can
be matched with Ophelia, contrasting with better understanding.

As per the statement of Nazar (2021), the tragedy of any storyline mainly
represents the main ideological thoughts with present social conditions that make
attraction to the particular story. Ophelia had a sensitive heart, and the main female
character did according to their father's words. This can show the main obedient
nature of Arshia or Ophelia that make the main attraction in people's mind the
process by which a girl can suppress and handle the most challenging situations in
her life. The last scene shows the most unsuccessful ending, where both the leading
male and female characters commit suicide to get lots of pain.

Shakespeare formed cultural stereotypes from the famous characters in his

plays. All of the characters of Shakespeare, such as Romeo, Juliet, Hamlet, and Lady

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Macbeth, became identical in every film industry. All industries use their cultures to
adopt the story of Shakespeare. All of the time, the adaptations are not only text-
based; most of the time, the directors fix an arbitrary world to manage the story.
Different cultures were inserted in various phases of Bollywood to make the story
more innovative. For this reason, all the characters in Shakespeare became related to
the audience, and they wanted to enjoy different versions of different characters via
new movies.

Othello
Othello is a Shakespearean play portrayed in a Bollywood movie. The
"Omkara" is analyzed for an exemplary depiction of the characteristics of play. The
play reveals the tragedy of Othello, which is explained by the "Omkara" movie.
According to the statement of do Nascimento (2019), this movie explicitly explains
the culture and landscape in contemporary and portrayed in the movie theater. This
movie has been influenced by the Indian audience for its charming and romantic
scenes. Other characteristics for better understanding of the audience finally
followed "Omkara". The Shakespearean plays are rich in Eastern culture that was
correctly depicted. The play is explicitly describing the essential daily needs of
humans. Poedjiastutie et al.,. (2021) opinion suggest that some socio-cultures align
with Indian culture and the thoughts of the people. Othello play displays the socio-
culture and political conditions of the contemporary period vividly portrayed
through this play.

"Omkara" is about the culture of south Indian people. During the Elizabethan
ruling period, there was a concept of discrimination between the people in North
Africa and the Spanish. From the viewpoint of Hoydis, (2022), "Omkara" is finely
portrayed in this landscape to reveal the primitive culture of the contemporary
period. There was a tradition of discrimination against lay people for their liability
and freedom.

The "Omkara" movie portrays south Indian people's daily life explicitly. This
play also depicts current socio-economic conditions, the main component of leading
life. According to the statement of del Arco Blanco, (2021), ordinary people's life

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was miserable and hence had to earn daily bread for their livelihood. Othello also
plays love romance explicitly as if the contemporary situation existed.

The movie "Omkara" shows romantic love for the powerful socio-culture.
There is a story of love in which Othello is the play's main character. There was
confusion about love between Othello and his beloved in the play. As per the
opinion of Bhatt, (2020), "Omkara" is also about the love plot to bring out the
movie's charm. The "Omkara" movie shows the love affair between Dolly and
"Omkara" as these individuals engage in blind love to produce a more charming
movie for the audience in the movie theater. Dolly's father is providing for the
marriage of her daughter as Dolly is engaged in love with "Omkara" in this movie.
There was a conflict in their affair as the Dolly fathers sternly deserved to arrange
marriage. The court's lawyer makes a judgment for the Dolly marriage as the father
cannot process as per his wishes.

Dolly was confused about her love as distress occurred in that situation. The
movie explains the sociocultural remarkably throughout. According to the statement
of Zeb et al.,. (2021), this play portrays the ideology of the patriarchal society that is
dominating women. "Omkara" has developed charming characteristics for
exclusively describing through the interaction of Dolly in the movie. Shakespearean
plays are sometimes tragic, romantic and thrilling in their characters. Othello
explicitly tells the plot that it is a tragic play. The film expresses and portrays the
play's captivating plot to draw more attraction from the audience. The reader widely
accepts Shakespearean play as it provides more thrill and charm to get more interest
in the play. The play portrays exemplary plots to bring the similarity of socio-culture
of the Indian people.

The movies are taking up significant plots to make them more attractive to
the audience. As per Lestariyana's (2022) opinion, films can impact the socio-culture
of modern culture by showing animation and bringing new ideologies to
contemporary culture. Shakespearean plays are familiar to all populations, giving
more excitement and thrill for nuanced portrayals. Indian movie theaters play a
crucial role in representing the people. The movie brings tragedy about the love of

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Dolly that is ironically portrayed in this movie. The film has gained much influence
from the people of India as a correlation to India's culture, sociocultural, and
political affairs.

The movie has to reproduce the plot to reach the people. Bollywood movies
are depicted from Shakespearean plays to generate captivating stories for the
audience.

Othello explicitly expresses the love affair between Othello and his beloved
as it is the crucial segment of the play that seems to be present socioculturally. Dolly
was fully set up and in a miserable condition for existing love as there was no only
one for her to do. From the viewpoint of (Bassi and Scego, 2020), the political
culture of the contemporary world is also depicted in this Othello play. The movie
can provide ideas about stimulating solid political thought and ideas. Socio-romantic
values and the religious culture of India are finely portrayed in this movie.
"Omkara" assumes that Dolly had fallen in love with another; hence she was
assassinated on the night of the wedding feast by her husband.

Goliyon ki Rasleela: Ram Leela

Ram Leela movie is adapted from the play "Romeo and Juliet" for
forecasting in Bollywood theater. According to the statement of Dhara, (2022), Ram
Leela is finely explaining the love of two beloveds as deep affection for each other
with devoted love. Ram Leela's movie shows two affluent families explicitly
describing the essence of noble families' relationships. The relationship between
Ram and Leela was not fruitful as family members' support was not conferred on
them. Two novel families have rivaled each other as love will be unanimated.
Relationships and affection are significant in the human mind to find the tranquility
of the heart for surviving. This movie portrays the essence of love as crucial to
understanding everyone. "Romeo and Juliet" explicitly explains affection and love
for others. Understanding that love is vital for every human life to survive peacefully
is essential.

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Shakespearean play "Romeo and Juliet" is about the love of the two beloved
as life is meaningless without love. As per the opinion of Esponilla et al, (2020), the
play gives brief knowledge about "Romeo and Juliet" as a significant characteristic
for bringing the captivating plots of the play. "Romeo and Juliet" are the main
characters in the play providing essential lessons to learn from them. Bollywood
movies become significant when these are produced in vernacular languages for
every person to understand the relevant lesson for a particular landscape of play.
From the viewpoint of Petrosyan (2020), "Romeo and Juliet" committed suicide as
love did not succeed as per their wishes. "Romeo and Juliet" struggle to bring
success to their passion and play. It explicitly shows they were loyal to each other in
play. The play brings up the tragedy and longing for each other.

There was a critical condition between the beloved as they were not getting
permission to meet each other. Ram Leela movies are similar in producing the same
correlation movies for the audience.

Ram Leela is a movie depicted excellently to bring clarity to the audience.

This movie reveals a wealthy family in Rajasthan, showing the characteristics of fine
art in the play. According to the statement of Béchu et al., (2020), this movie is also
given the scope of highlighting the condition. There are various misconceptions
about the affair of the beloved, and this socio-culture has to be developed after
watching the movie. The movie builds up the clear concept about the relationship
required to get stronger mentally for serving. Ram Leela is the best example for the
Indian people for leading a peaceful mind. Shakespearean explains the devotion to
love through the "Romeo and Juliet" play. The play portrays strong love and
affection for each other as it is different to survive without a beloved. The
Shakespearean play represented pure and blind love between them as this plot
described for the audience. The plays of Shakespearean bring more pleasure and joy
from them. Shakespearean plays are crucial in branding and highlighting the specific
portion for emphasizing India's politics, socio-culture, and religion.

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2.2 Adaptation of Macbeth in "Maqbool"

This can be stated that the plays of William Shakespeare have always been
valuable resources for appropriation and adaptation. The film "Maqbool" actually
depicts a set of criminal activities in Mumbai. In the case of Macbeth, Macbeth
murders Duncan, king of Scotland, whereas "Maqbool" murders a Mumbai-based
Don Abbaji (Rai & Tripathi, 2022). Therefore, it is observed that the murder of
Abbaji in "Maqbool" is given importance because it shows the real intention of
murder to win the love of Nimmi. However, Macbeth's purpose is to marry Duncan
to become Scotland's king. Therefore, it can be stated that universal themes of lust,
desire and temptation are beautifully expressed through the character of both
Macbeth and "Maqbool". According to the film director Bhardwaj, the preliminary
decision was to change the character of Lady Macbeth from Macbeth's wife to
Duncan's mistress, who had an affair with Macbeth.

There is a comparative difference between literature and films for all

audiences that have provided many cultures and hypothetical thoughts that arise in
the human mind. As per the opinion of Maitra et al.,. (2020), Macbeth and
"Maqbool" movies have slight differences in various perspectives for films and
plays. Macbeth's plays reveal the conspiracy and inheriting the kingdom and ruling
over it by showing mighty strength to the former king. The movies have been
producing culture, music, and different language that has existed in modern and
ancient movies have highlighted the best art for India.

The film has explicitly explained about culture and behavior of day-to-day
life of human beings and has proper explanations through various movies. Macbeth's
play highlights the psychological and mental pressure in human life that has been
produced. Macbeth's play has a fine production. "Maqbool" movie has highlighted
the political factor in Mumbai as it was corrupted by various influential individuals
and has made all the mischief that is harmful to the nation.

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Figure 2.1: Similarities between the characters of Macbeth and "Maqbool"

(Source: Self-developed)

The play's beginning has produced excellent creative ventures for essential
roles. According to the statement of Swadi (2019), the "Maqbool" movie is a fine art
for revealing the corruption of various natural calamities. Macbeth is a play with all
kinds of love, romance, legend and tragedy for better exhibition through multiple
arts. Movies have been provided with an extra-extraordinary collection for the
audience's entertainment. Films have to look for all the necessary processes to
highlight the skills of human life through this movie. Vishal has made much effort to
make films in the local language for a better understanding of the native people of
the nation. The movie has a process to deliver a message to the audience about the
life of ancient people and thoughts brought into light through this film. Plays create

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a charming situation for providing impressions for readers to enjoy while reading a
play.

Macbeth and "Maqbool" have brought gloomy darkness, heavy rain and
thunder into the light. As per the opinion of Swadi (2019), "Maqbool" has a
satisfactory explanation of some basic features of Macbeth's play. This movie has
produced much demand in cinema as it is the best explanation, and the art of films
has various dimensions for introducing the film. A movie has been made about
Mumbai police corruption that has been highlighted through this movie. Filmmakers
must invent and explore new innovative ideas from different sources to produce
extreme films for the audience. "Maqbool" and Macbeth are similar in that the king
inherited his kingdom and ruled over it by showing power. "Maqbool" also has the
same similarity for capturing all the government sectors and hospitals and railway
stations. This film has a mass similarity with Macbeth for better exhibition in the
movie.

The character of Lady Macbeth and Nimmi is depicted as a personification

of evil character. Director of "Maqbool '' V. Bhardwaj also added some Indian
Politics in the cinematic adaptation. Therefore, it is identified that the concept of evil
plays a crucial role in both play and film (Swadi, 2019). Apart from that, the firm
belief of Indians in astrology is depicted in the movie "Maqbool''. Another
significant thing is the chastity of the woman. Maqabools's suspicion of the child,
knowing the pregnancy of Nimmi, depicts this concept. Blood imagery is also
widely seen in both plays and films. The audience can relate to the concept of
ancient witches and the Indian horoscope predictions through the film.

The plot of Macbeth is loosely associated with the Shakespearean play

Macbeth. The play is basically focused on greed, lust, sin, familial devotion, and so
on, but Bhardwaj's adaptation introduces changes in the precursor text to make the
characters and main events more significant to Indian audiences (Mendes, 2018).
This is clear that the intonation of Bhardwaj is not just adapting the play but also
presenting this film to look like an original work. This movie depicts not just the sin,
lust, power, and passion but the violence and corruption of modern India. There are

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several types of dramatic devices also observed in "Maqbool": imagery, irony,

setting, soliloquies, music, and so on (Javed, 2020). Like Macbeth, "Maqbool" also
opens with lighting and thunder. The director of this film depicts an excellent
prophecy of the witches.

"Maqbool" is an Indian crime drama released in 2004 and directed by Vishal

Bhardwaj. Yash Raj Films in India distributed this film. The performance of
"Maqbool" was not too good at the box office as it could get great feedback from
viewers, but it gathered much praise from international voices. This film is directed
based on the story of Macbeth, a great play by Shakespeare (Collider, 2022). Apart
from that, this film acquired massive publicity in the international film industry. The
director of this film added some background music according to the scene of the
film, enriching the movie's inner quality. In addition, every actor and actress's acting
style also enriched this film's quality. In this film, Irrfan Khan played the character
of Macbeth as "Maqbool". It was seen in this movie that in Mumbai's criminal
underworld, the head of all lords is Jahangir Khan.

Pankaj Kapoor played the character of Jahangir Khan (Abbaji). All the
people were loyal to this person, and "Maqbool" also was included with them. The
nature of Macbeth was represented through the character of "Maqbool" in this film
and who was played by Irrfan Khan. It is said that Irrfan Khan presented many
praisable performances over the years. Still, the film "Maqbool", an adaption of
William Shakespeare's play Macbeth, put him in a remarkable position on the map
of the acting industry (The Indian Express, 2018). "Maqbool" is the chief person of
Jahangir khan's cabinet. "Maqbool" falls in love with Nimmi, who is the wife of
Jahangir Khan. Nimmi convinced "Maqbool" to be ambitious and take over the
empire of Jahangir Khan. After getting inspiration from Nimmi, "Maqbool" thinks it
is necessary to clear the obstacles to grab the kingdom. "Maqbool" betrayed Jahangir
Khan and murdered him in Jahangir Khan's bed. After this murder, "Maqbool" and
Nimmi were haunted by the ghosts of their treacherous jobs.

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All the plays of William Shakespeare always have been a worthy origin of
adoption. Shakespeare put all the universal ideas of love, courtship, and death in his
plays.

All the characters in his plays are relatable to reality, and it inspires the
filmmaker to adapt his plays into films. The film "Maqbool'' was set in the criminal
world of Mumbai. Two corrupt supervisors were cautious about "Maqbool'''s rising
appetite for acquiring fame. Their prediction was proved accurate when "Maqbool ''
murdered his foster father. Abbaji was the lord of the underworld, although
"Maqbool '' deeply loved Abbaji's wife, Nimmi. She ensouls "Maqbool '' to murder
Abbaji as his daughter decides to tie with his uncle's son (Rai & Tripathi, 2022). The
corrupted officials predicted that "Maqbool '' would be safe until the sea was not
entering the house.

Later Nimmi died after childbirth from over-excitement regarding the

uncertainty about the birth father of the newborn child. "Maqbool" decided he would
leave by taking his newborn baby from the hospital. Later he notices his son is safe
and secured with enough care in the hands of Guddu and Sameera. He decided he
would leave his criminal life and lead an honest life. He was about to leave the
hospital, and at that time, Boti (Macduff) killed Macbeth, who made plans with
Guddu to overthrow "Maqbool" from the leadership of the underworld (Rai &
Tripathi, 2022).

On the other hand, Macbeth brings three stranger ladies or witches known as
corrupted officials to "Maqbool". These witches appeared in front of Macbeth with
thunder and lightning. Macbeth has to face three situations which three strange
ladies state, and one of those statements is related to the death of Macbeth. Thunder,
storms, lightning, and rain accompanied the weather of this situation. The entire case
presents the ideas of fear and thrill. The play Macbeth presents the situation as the
whole of Scotland, but the film "Maqbool" presents the crime world of Mumbai. The
mysterious ladies were replaced in the movie by the two corrupt officers, pandit and
purohit. Director Bhardwaj kept the concept of evil the same in the play and film.

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The film "Maqbool" is created by taking the concept of Shakespeare's play

Macbeth. The director of this film emphasizes the murderous action of the leading
character, which differentiates the character of Macbeth and "Maqbool". In the play,
Macbeth murders Duncan, the king of Scotland, and in the film, "Maqbool" kills
Abbaji, the leader of the Mumbai mafia world. Both indicate the same concepts, but
in the movie, the murder case is shown after a long time; it should be shown at the
start portion of the film. This film emphasizes the maternal crisis when a child is
born as premature baby (García-Periago et al, 2018).

The plays of William Shakespeare have been one of the actual sources for
adoption and appropriation. The basic concept of class, betrayal, evil, murder, and
revenge provide the raw materials for the filmmakers. This research will bring out a
comparative analysis of Macbeth, a great play by Shakespeare, and "Maqbool" a
film directed by Bhardwaj. According to the opinion of Javed (2020), the opening of
Macbeth is highlighted with gloom, darkness, thunder, lightning, and stormy
weather, which is a brilliant presence in "Maqbool" by Bhardwaj. A director always
wants to present the film with a cinematic style by keeping the concept the same as
the actual play. Bhardwaj says that, like every film director, he also tried to express
the film's entertaining style and expose the world of gangsters by taking the concept
of Macbeth in "Maqbool". He said he was searching for a story that could give the
idea of the underworld as the background remaining a human story.

It is easy for a filmmaker to quickly understand the characters in

Shakespeare's plays because he keeps those characters out of the boundaries of time
and place. The plot of Shakespeare's plays gets a new adoption through filmmakers'
trial and error style. According to the cinematic style, all the filmmakers want to
enrich the film and add some portions that entertain the viewers. While filmmakers
read a play, they understand the inner concept of the play, and when they adapt this
concept to a film, they make some changes to the plot of the play. According to the
thoughts of Maitra and Mukherjee (2020), in the adoption, postmodern techniques
are still used. Shakespeare wrote Macbeth in 1606, and the idea of witches worked
adequately to expose the suspense and mystery of the play. In the present time, the

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concept of witches is absurd, and the director tried to convert this concept within the
character of police officers pandit and purohit in the film.

The idea of witches indicates supernatural elements, but this concept is not
acceptable in the 21st century. While Bhardwaj would introduce this concept, no
viewers would accept it, and it would be considered unreal. Apart from that, the
director bounded to change this portion of the play and added actual perspective
according to the present time in the film. Shakespeare used the character of witches
to create an atmosphere of fear, and in the film, Bhaadwaj used the character of
police officers instead of witches. According to the statement of Mendes (2018),
Bhardwaj most probably had a conflicted relationship with the sources of the film
"Maqbool". In the Indian context, the appropriation and localization of Macbeth's
initial indications should be similar to the two adaptations. Both the play and the
film are the products of the postmodern style.

From the film's perspective, industry adaptation means shifting an incident

into a new situation by keeping the play's background intact. As per the thoughts of
Chatterjee, (2022), adaptation is the simple process of changing to match a new
situation. In this research, it is seen that the perspective of Macbeth has been altered
in the "Maqbool" film. Shakespeare has derived inspiration from several generations
of filmmakers worldwide with new play concepts. He described different types of
characters in different situations, which helps the filmmaker in the new creation of a
play into a film. In 2004 Vishal Bhardwaj adapted Macbeth as "Maqbool" since he
started to understand how Shakespeare's play can be appropriated into the typical
socio and political context of India. It is a big question of how they can still function
independently in works of art. In a simple statement, it can be said that
Shakespeare's plays grabbed a significant portion of the Indian film industry.

The topic of Bhardwaj's film is mainly known for the authenticity of

Shakespeare's play's plot. As per the words of Sharma and Mahapatra (2022),
William Shakespeare is considered the greatest dramatist in the world. His 39 plays
grabbed distinction positions, and these are translated into various languages which
are spoken all over the world. Many of them are used in the concept of the

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Bollywood film industry. He tries to present those plays in an Indian context so that
these can be acceptable to the Indians. Macbeth is the first outing of Shakespeare's
play in Bhardwaj's film. Shakespeare's plots are famous for exploring human minds'
working and behavior. The last line of Nimmi gives more Indian cultural thoughts
with stereotypical beliefs.

Vishal Bhardwaj, the Hindi filmmaker, and director conducted the

"Maqbool", which was a critical success worldwide. This film is a reflection of
Macbeth in an Indian context. In Hindi movies, love is usually a driving force in
every plot of the story (Dhara, 2022); in "Maqbool", it is seen that "Maqbool" is in
love with time and is completely matched with the context of the Bollywood film
industry in India. It is compared to the direction of love in Shakespeare's play.
Bhardwaj created the film "Maqbool" with some unique ideas; it has received
international praise. Many viewers criticized that this film has very few similarities
with the play of Shakespeare, Macbeth, and it does not deserve this statement that it
is the adaptation of Macbeth. On the other hand, it received tremendous praise,
especially in the international film industry. They think that Bhardwaj has brought
the picture of Macbeth efficiently.

The adaptation of Shakespeare's plays in theater has a long history. The main
aim behind this adaptation is to transpose his works to the new generation with a
unique appearance (Shafiq & Anwar, 2020). No records of Shakespeare's play
would be left without the involvement of Indian cinema. "Maqbool" balances
Shakespeare's plot of Macbeth and Indian culture efficiently. Apart from Indian
culture, more self-consciousness is shown in this film. While a story goes through
different media and cultural dimensions, it absorbs the local theories, ideas, and
modes so that local people can easily accept it. They are maintaining these thoughts.
Bhardwaj made this film from the perspective of the Indian context. This adaptation
is a kind of transcultural adoption; language is the main factor in transcultural
adoption. Transcultural upgrades the translation to transfer ideas and ideologies from
one language to another language and traditions.

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Macbeth is a play by Shakespeare written from the perspective of Scotland.

His plays are famous all over the world. Many people in many countries cannot
understand the writing style of Shakespeare. It seems that everyone should know
more or less about Shakespeare's writings, and to do this, the adaptation style is
followed. adaptation is a probability of alternation in reproduction procedures
(Shrestha, 2020). Through adaptation, many plays written in critical English or other
languages can be understood in the local language. Vishal Bhardwaj is trying to
expose all the plays of Shakespeare among Indian people by adapting those plays in
an Indian context.

2.3 Reflection of Othello in "Omkara"

"Omkara" is an Indian offensive play movie released in 2006, adapted from
the well-known drama of Shakespeare's Othello, co-written & conducted by Vishal
Bhardwaj. The famous movie was displayed in the Marche'du Movie sect at the
Cannes Film Festival of 2006, associated with a book on the creation of the play
"Omkara". It was also chosen to be covered at the Cairo International Film Festival,
where the director of the film Bhardwaj was awarded the most outstanding artistic
performance in a movie by a director. According to this movie, "Omkara" Shukla is
a Bahubali, and Langda Tyagi & Keshav Kesu Firangi are his two dearest substitutes
(Bhatt, 2020). Dolly's dad Solicitor Raghunath Mishra, usually mentioned in the film
as Vakeelsaab, is angry & envisages Omi. He put a gun on Omi's head, and his
demand was to get back his daughter.

The conductor here mentions one of the significant essential lines of the
drama Othello, with Dolly's dad reiterating the verse almost literally but in
translation. After a few cunning political arm-cracking, including an MMS sex
infamy, "Omkara" sorted out a potent electoral rival (Shet, 2022). So this film is
regarded as one of the best examples of confirmation in the history of the Indian
movie thesis and is mainly elaborated on. In this film, the conductor accepts Lago,
the harsh figure from Othello, and changes him into a much more cordial and less
dirty figure known as Langda Tyagi. As far as normal Sketch is concerned, the
movie creates a close conformity between the two figures.

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It is identified that the Shakespearean drama Othello has two adaptations: the
BBC version and the Bollywood adaptation. According to Bhatt, (2020), the Indian
version of Othello depicts Indian politics, UP culture, and symbolism. But there are
some changes in the plot when it is observed that Billo's character is used for
political purposes. Apart from that, the novels and dramas of Shakespeare represent
the culture of Europe, but in the case of Bhardwaj's film, Indian culture is
highlighted. Through the film, Bhardwaj depicts the complete Uttar Pradesh culture
effectively.

In "Omkara", the Bollywood adaptation of Othello, the director takes Iago,

the novel's evil character, and transforms him into the less villainous character,
Langda Tyagi. This transformation has been performed to keep the character as
natural as the plot and Indian culture. His position angered both the characters, Iago
and Langda Tyagi. In the novel, Iago is outraged by choosing Othello as a
lieutenant. Instead of many similarities, some differences have been found by
matching the actions of Langda with Iago. Apart from that, the movie's climax
realizes that the whole plot was designed against him by Langda.

"Omkara" is a brief explanation of Othello's play that Shakespeare has finely

written. According to (Bassi and Scego, 2020), Othello is a play similar to the
"Omkara" movie for better interconnection within this content. Vishal has been
trying to highlight ancient kings' life and lifestyle through this film. This film was
about the picture of the political and rural areas made by Bollywood. The movie has
to bring about more clarity about social well-being and stability. The movie has been
a fine exhibition of a love romance as this scene produced the film. The play has
similarities with some scenarios for fetching the audience's concentration. The
"Omkara" movie has been making real-life activities as the movie has brought
parallel for the audience to enjoy the movie. The "Maqbool" film has provided
beautiful scenery for drawing emotion and love affairs in the movie. There is an
extraordinary situation to deliver to the audience to get clarity about the film's main
plot.

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Othello's play is a tragedy, and love and affection are a mixture. (Bassi and
Scego, 2020) opinion show that Othello's play has gained more fame in its
characteristic performance and exhibition for the audience. "Omkara"'s movie has an
extreme connection with the Othello play and has a current situation about Uttar
Pradesh's political issues and problems. The plays have been produced, and this
movie has revealed efforts for vigorous activity and performance. This movie has
shown more sympathy and affection for drawing more audiences through this art. A
movie can provide a brief idea about Othello's play for ancient history and love
situations that have been revealed through this movie.

There are two dimensions of a play from which some portion has to choose
to make a Bollywood movie for the audience to give them ideas about the ancient
people's lifestyle and compare the present scenario. Shakespeare has written many
types of plays during his lifetime, and all the plays have not gained fame his art.
According to the statement of Nae (2018), "Omkara" movies about violence and
love scenarios have been produced by filmmakers. The film creates love and
jealousy for the ill intentions provided by Vishal. The audience has got authentic
performances in the movie, and many fine exclusive performances have been added
for the audience to enjoy the film. The film has created a new visualization to bring
all the characters to a definitive version. The play has been produced about love
activity to attract more audiences to watch this movie. The movie has a significant
portion that is attractive for all the audience as it creates fine clarity. The "Omkara"
movie has been producing massive turmoil for political stability in Uttar Pradesh
which is in great trouble to the population. Vishal Bhardwaj has revealed the nation's
present situation as the different political powers corrupted it.

Othello is adopted in Bollywood as "Omkara", and this Bollywood movie is

portrayed in an Indian context. Western culture and society are shown in this drama
of Shakespeare, and the characters of the play are developed as per the situation of
western countries. In "Omkara", all the characters are designed per the Indian
context, which is a significant change in the adaptation of this drama. In this movie,
local culture and language are added to portray the characters deeply. As per the
opinion of Bhatt, (2020), many elements of diary politics are added in this movie at

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the time of the development of characters. In the original drama, facts of history and
the war between Vietnam and Turkey are used when describing the drama's
scenario. Some social factors are also included in this movie which is done carefully
by the directors.

Inner feelings are essential for human beings, and jealousy comes from the
inner feelings of human beings. In Othello, the character's inner feelings are shown,
and changes in the characters' behavior are responsible for inner feelings, are shown
in the drama. In the movie "Omkara", most of the inner feelings of nature are
developed through songs, which are used visually to define the situations of the
character. According to Bhatt, (2020), the lyrics of the songs tell the story of the
characters and the feelings responsible for their behavior changes. The directors of
the movie try to describe the characters' emotions through their songs and
visualization. In Bollywood, mobile songs and visualizations have an essential role
in defining the situation of a movie. Most directors use this technique to describe the
case of the characters of a film.

The music of this movie is famous to the audience, and every song is used to
portray the situation of the film. The song Naina is used to portraying Dolly's falling
love with "Omkara", and the title track shows his personality. Revealing the nature
of the lead character is essential in a Bollywood movie. The audience can connect
with the character when watching the film; this technique of the directors helps to
engage the audience with the movie. This initiative of filmmakers is critical in
attracting her audience to watch movies in theaters. According to Herget, (2021),
visualization of the songs is used to express the emotions and relationships of the
characters defined in the film. This visualization of the character helps to enjoy the
scenario of the situation and significantly impacts the audience.

Another song from the movie O Sathi is used to express the love and comfort
between "Omkara" and Dolly, and on the other side, at the end of this song, jealousy
of Indu is shown. The behavior and nature of the character are defined through the
visualization and lyrics of the songs. In Othello, it is found that Emlia is also jealous
of Desdemona and the attraction of this character to Othello. This drama situation is

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adopted to portray the character of Indu in "Omkara". This technique helps Vishal
Bhardwaj, director of "Omkara", describe the conditions of characters that can
attract the audience.

Per Parc and Messerlin's (2022) opinion, the attraction of movies is critical to
increasing the audience in theaters. On the other hand, critical acclaim is given to the
directors for using this technique in the film.

The adoption of Othello helps the director to develop a new story in a movie
that can satisfy the film critics and audience through new experiences. The art value
of a movie is improved through using this kind of technique, and Vishal Bhardwaj
has achieved critical acclaim for using this technique in this movie. Most of the
film's critics praised the character's personality through the visualization and lyrics
of the songs. According to the statement of Bhatt, (2020), in Othello, the
handkerchief is one of the most important tools of the drama. The lead character of
the drama, Othello, has much more attachment to this handkerchief which is given to
Othello by Desdemona. In "Omkara", the handkerchief is replaced by Kamarbandh,
which is also much more critical to the "Omkara". In this movie, this important
object is stolen by Indu, and this stealing affects "Omkara" much more which is a
critical situation or fact in the movie.

In the drama, Emilia steals the handkerchief of Othello, and Othello is

emotionally affected by the stealing. This kind of emotional situation creation is
important for a movie to connect with the audience emotionally. This dynamic
situation of the movie helps to create a significant situation that can engage the
audience with the film. As per the opinion of Parc (2021), the impression of the
movie among the audience has increased, and this kind of experiment is a good sign
of a value-added movie. The conspiracy of Iago is portrayed in Othello, and this
character is responsible for doubt in Desdemona by Othello. Doubting about
Desdemona is the central theme of this drama, and this doubting fact is accountable
for decreasing the love and belief of Desdemona. In the movie, "Omkara"'s
conspiracy with Langda Tyagi leads "Omkara" to increase doubting about Dolly,

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and this doubt becomes the reason for the decrease in the love and affection between
these two characters.

Adaptation of the drama helps the directors of this movie to portray the
theme as one of the main themes, and the subject shows the characters' behavior
changes due to conspiracy and doubting. Most of the audience can connect with the
theme as this theme is based in the context of Indian society. According to Abuzahra
and Salahat (2018), Shakespeare shows black-and-white marriage in the drama
through the marriage of Othello and Desdemona. This female character comes from
a white family; on the other hand, Othello comes from a black family in the western
context.

As per the opinion of Singh (2020), Vishal Bhardwaj shows Dalit and
Brahmin marriage in the movie "Omkara". The lead character, "Omkara", comes
from half the Dalit family, and on the other side, Dolly comes from a brahmin
family in the Indian context. In both movies and dramas, social casteism is portrayed
lightly to create a social impact on the life of people.

In the creation of situations, social factors have a significant contribution to

developing situational drama and movies. Creating this situation is essential to
create an emotional attachment with the audience while watching the movie. This
situation is responsible for realizing real-life facts through film and drama.
Shakespeare and Bhardwaj have highlighted these facts through movies and drama.
According to the statement Singh (2020), elements of human nature are highlighted
in the drama of Shakespeare. Jealousy, hatred, conspiracy and greed are the human
nature elements responsible for destroying love, beliefs, and faith in relationships.
Jealousy and hatred can lead a human to create a conspiracy to destroy one's position
and personal life, as shown in the drama of Shakespeare. In Othello, Iago has
immense hatred for Othello due to the marriage of Desdemona and Othello.

Their jealousy of Iago is increased due to the happy life of Othello, which
leads the character to create a conspiracy to destroy the life of Othello. Shakespeare
has shown that this kind of human nature element many years ago is responsible for

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creating a consistory for killing one's life. As per Wojczewski's (2022) opinion, most
wars happen due to conspiracy, and jealousy and hatred are responsible for this kind
of conspiracy. In the movie, Langda Taygi is accountable for creating a plot against
"Omkara" to destroy the love and beliefs between Dolly and "Omkara". This
conspiracy is formed due to positional power and greed for having power. Taygi, the
evil character in the movie, uses Keshu to destroy the love and beliefs of "Omkara"
towards Dolly. Rodrigo, one of the drama's main characters and the dramatist,
describes the mindset of white people towards black people.

This character defines himself as the most handsome man in Europe

compared to Othello, and Othello is not perfect for Desdemona. This kind of
situation in the drama represents the hatred of white people towards black people. In
another situation, Iago tries to influence Othello about Desdemona's regret of
Desdemona for his black look. This situation is created to show hatred and jealousy
of people from caste discrimination.

Hatred for casteism is also shown in the movie, and the directors succeeded
in portraying this situation. The director of this movie adapts the situation of caste
discrimination from the drama of Shakespeare, and this adaptation helps the director
to highlight the social facts in the film.

By highlighting these factors through the movie audience can connect with
the film directly, which is an important aspect of a movie. The conspiracy of Tyagi,
the evil character in this movie, is influenced by greed for power. This situation is
created in the context of the social and political power of Indian society. As per the
opinion of GaSton and Uscinski (2018), they are making this situation in the context
of Indian political power helps to impress the audience to understand the reason for
the conspiracy. Adaptation of Othello allows film directors to highlight these social
and political factors in movies. The art value of the film is improved due to the
added social and political factors. In most conspiracies, women are the victim, which
is highlighted in Shakespeare's drama. According to the statement Abdelrazik
(2018), in Othello, Desdemona is the victim of a conspiracy that Iago creates.
Shakespeare has shown the situations of women's conspiracy which male makes.

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In a male-dominated society, women are primarily victims of bad situations,

and this kind of situation destroys the life of women. This social issue is highlighted
in the drama of this dramatist. In the movie "Omkara", the director adapts this social
factor to the film. The life of Dolly is destroyed due to the conspiracy of Tyagi, the
evil character of the movie. Women's rights are affected in this male-dominated
society, and this social factor is highlighted. Dolly is a victim of the conspiracy, and
the social rights of this female character are affected in the male-dominated society.
The issue of women's empowerment is highlighted in both movies and dramas. Per
the opinion of Pradhan, Meinzen-Dick, and Theis (2019), women's empowerment is
needed to highlight in society to provide rights for females. Film-makers have
highlighted this issue of women's empowerment through the situations of Dolly's
life. The dark side of political power and greed for political power is also
highlighted in the movie.

Adaptation of the dramas helps to create the situation of the greed for
political power through the main characters. At the end of the drama, Othello kills
Desdemona due to doubting her, and Othello can understand the conspiracy after
this killing. According to Kesgin and Hashemipour (2020) opinion, mentally,
Othello is affected, and this lead character starts to regret killing his wife. Iago kills
Emilia, and the authorities arrest Iago in this drama. In the movie "Omkara", the lead
character kills his wife, Dolly, and after this killing, "Omkara" understands the
conspiracy which encourages him to kill Dolly. Tyagi, the evil character of this
movie, is killed by Indu, and this situation is also adopted from the drama Othello.
Adapting the drama helps the director define human nature through this movie. The
elements of humans encourage a conspiracy for the greed of power, jealousy, and
immense hatred for one.

In the "Omkara" movie, the ending is slightly different from the drama, and
women's power and rights are highlighted. In Indian culture, a husband is the most
valuable to a wife; in this movie, a husband is killed by his wife. This situation
promotes women's empowerment in society which is needed to provide for women.
On the other hand, in Othello, Iago is arrested by the area's authorities, and this
situation is slightly different from the movie. The abuse of women in the conspiracy

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is also portrayed in both films and dramas. In a male-dominated society, males use
women to promote conspiracy through abuse to destroy one life; in both cases,
women are considered victims in this conspiracy. According to the statement of
Torkamaneh et al.,. (2020), in Othello, Desdemona and Emilia are both victims of
the scheme which Iago creates to destroy Othello. In the Bollywood movie
"Omkara", Indu and Dolly are considered victims of the conspiracy Langda Tyagi
makes. In both cases, women's sacrifices highlight their pathetic life situation.

2.4 Critical evaluation of "Haider" in the light of Hamlet

"Haider" is a movie based on the settings of the insurgency torn in Kashmir
in 1995 and the massive disputes between India and Pakistan. In the whole play, if
there are brief descriptions, then it is seen that the ancient fortress of Denmark was
in the Middle Ages of the 14th and 15th centuries. From the perspective of Hoydis,
(2022), the film "Haider" is set in Srinagar in 1995 during the brutal Indian counter-
insurgency and among the military. This changed the culture of the wide laminitis
gaps, making both moving and playing different. In both movie plays, it is seen that
revenge, women, corruption, religion, madness, and politics are ordinary in both
movies and plays. Since the film or play is all about the tender love story of
"Haider"-Arshia or hamlet-Ophelia, this portrays the fundamental role which leads
to the death of the people due to the inhuman conspiracies done by both Claudius
and Polonius.

Love is the primary dark side of this plot of killing Hamlet by making
Ophelia the messenger or medium of Hamlet. The same plot goes into the Hider,
too, where Arshia is the journalist and in love with the "Haider '', but her love
becomes a tragedy when her father uses her daughter to track the whereabouts of
"Haider ''. He was trying to find his father's murderer. Arshia or Ophelia can contrast
at their side as their stern who took down all the barriers of the woman in the
patriarchal world. According to the statement of Sharif et al., (2018), the evil of the
play that dies at the end, "Haider '' changes the ideology for not killing her uncle due
to her mother's notions that Inteqam se intekaam paida hota hai. In the play and the
movie Claudius or Khurram have political ambitions and kill their nephew with a
desire to have the whole right to Ghazala or Gertrude.

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It opens a brief introduction on the idea and conception that brought "Haider" on the
existence of describing the characterization, the political aspects, and a lot more that
shows the dramatic device on society. Revenge in society is expected, and everyone
is taking this on another in case there are gaps between them, which is seen in both
the "Haider" movie and Hamlet play. As per the opinion of Young (2018),
corruption in societies is shared, and every individual, for personal belongings,
accumulates corruption in the community, which reflects in both the play and the
movie. After discussing all this with Alter, Bhardwaj decided to adapt Hamlet as an
espionage thriller and the script that visited Gulzar for the approval of the entire
plan.

Director Vishal Bhardwaj has a reputation for creating Shakespearean plays

in his exclusive Bollywood movies for radical acceptance of the population in a
tragedy cinema. There is an entirely different culture of Hamlet Play produced for
the audience in Bollywood. According to the statement of Kowsar (2021), the
"Haider" movie has been taken from the Shakespearean play Hamlet for a fine
exhibition of personal liberty and freedom. Hamlet's uncle has a solid desire to reign
a kingdom and wants to lead a luxurious life as a king. The uncle of Hamlet killed
his elder brother to become an emperor to rule over a domain. Hamlet's mother
married Hamlet's uncle to acquire all the property to lead a comfortable life. In this
play, Hamlet is the most prominent character and has a nuanced portrayal by
Shakespeare. Hamlet got angry against his uncle as his uncle killed the emperor's
kingdom, which was Hamlet's father called King Hamlet. However, in both the
movie and play named "Haider" and Hamlet, respectively, Hamlet and "Haider".
The protagonist's characters suffer from an existential crisis.

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Figure 2.2: Similarity between "Haider" and Hamlet

(Source: Self-developed)

Hamlet's father was a king of their kingdom and ruled over it, and Hamlet's
uncle was filled with jealousy and envy, intending to kill his elder brother. As per
the opinion of Wilkinson (2019), Hamlet's play is all about acquiring the reputation
and fame that has to be gained for the ordinary population. The king has immense
power and capability for his kingdom and its people. There is the same
determination in the mind of Hamlet's uncle to rule over an empire and have mighty
power. "Haider" is a good show about power occupation by Pakistan and having to
face various types of calamity. This movie reveals the aggression between India and
Pakistan in the occupation of Kashmir.

Figure 2.3: Portrayal of "Haider"

(Source: Self-developed)

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This movie resembles the Hamlet uncle character to bring into light through
this film as the concepts and ideas are the same. Like Hamlet, "Haider" portrays
filial obedience, love, betrayal, revenge, and the horrible situation in Kashmir. This
play has clarified the tendency to own the power to rule over the kingdom. Pakistan
tends for the occupied Indian state to claim that it is their portion. There are many
corruption characteristics that Shakespeare has highlighted. According to the
statement of Young (2018), the "Haider" movie has revealed Pakistan's tendency to
acquire Indian land as its downfall. This movie shows that many people have died in
the battle between India and Pakistan. Bollywood has witnessed this type of film for
the population to get clear ideas about the situation to bring enough concepts to
understand. This movie has revealed different religions and habits of the people.
This movie has provided awareness to the population through the fine arts of this
film. Films have provided a thrill and excellent experience for the nation's
population by watching this entire movie. Hamlet's plays are rich in their charming
character, and the Indian director has explicitly provided tragedy.

"Haider" is one of the famous adaptations of one of the essential plays of

Shakespeare named Hamlet. "Haider" was a Vishal Bhardwaj movie, and Shahid
Kapoor played the main character in the film (INDIA TODAY, 2014). Tabu played
the character of Shahid Kapoor, and Kay KayMenon played the antagonist. Irfan
Khan was also a part of this movie, and he played an extended cameo. "Haider" is
one of Hamlet's most critically acclaimed adaptations, and all the actors played a
memorable roles in their characters (Bollypedia, 2019). The movie displayed
different issues of Kashmir via the plot of Hamlet, and all the scenes are relevant to
the people. The characters were adapted from the play, but the director changed the
background and some sequences to make them relevant to the chosen issues.

The story of Hamlet is set in 1995 in the valley of Kashmir. A young man
returned home after completing his study and found his father's disappearance. The
young man confronted his uncle by watching some suspicious incidents related to
his father's disappearance. The character "Haider" found that the Indian army and
Kashmir police are also associated with the overall incidents. The father of "Haider"
was a doctor and helped the Kashmiri militant. This helps increase different

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security-related questions to "Haider"'s father. The main trick for "Haider" was that
his mother was in a relationship with his uncle, and this incident fixed his mind to
"Haider" taking revenge against his uncle (IMDB, 2014). The film was based on the
intense drama of the relationship and the Kashmir issues.

"Haider" also represents the quadrangle relationship between the father,

uncle, mother and "Haider". This intense drama of relationship also describes
different types of reflections of Shakespeare.

"Haider '' also had immense feelings for his mother, and the relationship
between the uncle and mother was the main trigger of the revenge in the young
man's mind. The young "Haider'' tried to gather the Kashmiris to take revenge
against his uncle Hurrah, the Indian army and the Kashmiri police. One of the main
hopes of "Haider '' was Roohdar, a turned-out person from the separatist group.
Roohdar informed that Hilaal, the father of "Haider '', was in a detention camp with
Roohdar. The Roohdar thoroughly knew the story of Khurram, and he told about the
brutal murder of Hilaal by his brother Khurram. The truth of Hilaal affected the
story of Hilaal's death, and they faced different consequences of this incident
(FILMI BEAT, 2014). "Haider '' was facing post-traumatic stress and was behaving
strangely. Khurram got information about the meeting between Roohdar and
"Haider'' and told "Haider'' that Roohdar was one of those people that killed Hilaal.
"Haider '' became confused and didn't understand the reliability of both Roohdar and
Khurram.

"Haider" informs Arshia about the meeting with Roohdar and that Roohdar
gave them a gun to kill Khurram. Arshia told this to Parvez, and Parveez gave his
information to Khurram. Khurram considered sending "Haider" to a mental
institution to fix his mind. The following day "Haider" tried to kill Khurram, but
Parvez stopped "Haider" and decided to execute him. At that time, "Haider" could
escape from this place and reach the buried place of Hilaal. The ending of the movie
was one of the most emotional ones in recent times. Ghazala, the mother of
"Haider", came to "Haider" to say that revenge only results in revenge, and it is a
never-ending process (FILMI BEAT, 2014). The fixed mind of "Haider" was not

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able to understand the consequences of those words. Ghazala kissed her son and left
out the place with a jacket suicide bomb. She pinned up the bomb, and the big
explosion took several lives with two legs of Khurram. "Haider" came to the place to
kill Khurram, but the last words of his mother impacted his mind, and "Haider"
freed Khurram from a lot of baggage of guilt.

The proper amalgamation of Kashmir's issue and Hamlet was a superb idea
by the director. The topic of Kashmir was seamlessly merged with the violence
shown by Shakespeare in Hamlet (Kamath, 2016). The adaptation of most of
Shakespeare's stories is dependent on particular sets of a pattern. The director Vishal
Bhardwaj broke the patterns and made a realistic one.

In "Haider", the movie Kashmir is also an important character and plays an

important role in the overall movie, and it is the central character of the movie. In
the play Hamlet, the prince hamlet was sent for education, but in the film "Haider",
"Haider" was sent to Aligarh University to have a peaceful life and to get a painless
livelihood. The story of Hamlet was set in Denmark, whereas the story of "Haider"
was set in Srinagar. The culture, language, and religion of both of the topics were
completely different from each other. Hamlet was shown the reflection of
Christianity, but "Haider" showed an Islamic reflection. There are a lot of
similarities between the main characters. Hamlet is an idealistic and knowledgeable
student, and the boy has immense hate for his uncle Claudius. Claudius married
Gertrude, the mother of Hamlet, and Hamlet had an attraction to the sexuality of his
mother.

"Haider"'s movie also displayed the relationship between their uncle and
mother "Haider" and his strong attraction of "Haider" to his mother, Ghazala. In
both stories, love is shown darkly, and Ophelia is the primary tool of the dark love
story (WORDSBYCRAFTERS, 2021). In "Haider", Arshia also plays the same role,
and the unclear relationship between different characters is bridged via the character
of Arshia. The characteristics of both Arshia and Ophelia are different, and most of
the time, the characters' reflections are different. Arshia was a news reporter and
took her decision on her own, but the character of Ophelia is in contrast

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(WORDSBYCRAFTERS, 2021). Ophelia is a sensitive personality and has no right

to make decisions, and most of the time, they are completely suppressed by other
characters. The antagonist of the story is Claudius in Hamlet and the character of
Khurram in "Haider". The evil character dies at the end of the story Hamlet, but the
same things do not happen with "Haider". At the end of the film, "Haider" changes
his ideology, and the last words of his mother affect him a lot. "Haider" left his
uncle Khurram with a lot of baggage of guilt.

The relationship between Gertrude and Hamlet is an important part of the

play. The woman is living with a person against her ethics. The relationship between
Gertrude and Hamlet is fragile, and it is not a proper mother-son relationship
(WORDSBYCRAFTERS, 2021). On the other hand, the relationship between
Ghazala and "Haider" was proper, and Ghazala had a pure love for her son. At the
end of the movie, Ghazala sacrifices her life only to save her son, and she provides
some valuable insights about life to her son. The overall story of "Haider" is similar
to Hamlet, but some characterization of the movie and the ending of the movie are
different. Cultural differences and changes in the characters, and changes in the
ending of the movie increase the validity of the adaptation. The main themes of the
story, revenge, corruption, woman, religion, madness and politics, remain the same
in both stories.

Hamlet is a gray-shaded play, and most of the characters are deployed in

inner and outer politics. The politics of the king's house affected the overall plays in
different ways (Aloui, 2021). Relationships between the characters are one of the
most complicated and toughest things in the play. Sometimes a relationship shows a
positive angle in the story, and sometimes the positivity of the angle is getting
shaded. The ups and downs of a relationship increase the validity and reliability of
the story. Love is also present in this story, but love is used in the story in different
ways. The darkest side of the story is love, and the quadruple of the love story
increases the thrust of the story. The "Haider" movie also included all of the things
perfectly in different ways. The relationship between mother and son in "Haider" is
also an important aspect of the movie (Kowsar & Mukherjee, 2021). The love
quadruple is also present in the story of the play, and in most cases, there are

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deviations from the main story. Loyalty is one of the most important parts of
Hamlet, and the break of loyalty increases different types of disturbance in the story
in both the play and the movie.

Vishal Bhardwaj, the director of "Haider", used the oedipal complex in this
movie as best as possible. The movie has an undertone of sexuality, and the topic of
the oedipal complex was not directly shown by the director. In most cases, different
types of psychological complexity can be present in the mind of a person (Zafar et
al.,. 2021). The oedipal complex is one of those psychological consequences, and
"Haider" faces the same complexity throughout the movie. Different scenes of the
movie "Haider" define the characteristics of Hiader. In his childhood scenes of
"Haider", he was used to sleeping between his mother and father, and he never liked
to leave his mother with his father alone in a bed. Child "Haider" used to say that he
wanted to marry his mother at an older age. The scene of the marriage of Khurram
significantly told the immense attraction of "Haider" to Gazala. Gazala was sitting
on a chair wearing a red dress, and "Haider" came too close to Gazala and kissed her
neck.

The ending scene of the movie describes the tragic consequences of the
relationship between mother and son. Gazala came to "Haider" to get back from the
militants, but revenge made him different from the previous. At the last conversion
between Gazala and "Haider", Gazala kissed the leap of her son (Obeso, 2019). This
scene describes the significance of Oedipus's complexity in the character of
"Haider". It was the last try from his mother to get back her son, but she failed and
sacrificed her life to save her son. The relationship between police inspector Parvez
and her daughter is also something special from the normal one. The director of the
movie tried to keep all of the sequences within the parameters of society. From the
above discussion, it was clear that only the oedipal but also the Electra complexity is
also present in the screenplay of the movie.

The use of the parent as a tool of erotic wish is mainly known as the Oedipus
complex. In the play, Hamlet has an immense attraction toward his mother at the
beginning of the play, but at the end of the play, the love converts into disgust.

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Attraction toward his mother restricted him from killing Claudius, and the excuses
were too loose. Oedipus complex was identified in the rime as shouting to Hamlet,
his mother, not to go to the bed of his uncle (English Summary, 2022). In the
praying position, Hamlet gets the best chance to kill his mother to get revenge for
his father's death, but he avoids that. Both of the stories used Oedipus's complexity
but in different ways, and the story stated different similar and dissimilar
consequences. Different psychological differences were shown in both of the stories
in different ways.

Haidar is a Bollywood movie that depicts the Hamlet play, which is written
by Shakespeare. Hamlet is a fine play for the prince Hamlet which is the story of the
Denmark king. The Hamlet play portrays relativism, asceticism and existentialism in
the real world. According to the statement of Belcher, (2019), Hamlet is portrayed
with a clear understanding of existence and holding a high position. Hamlet portrays
the acquiring noble position in the play, as the "Haider" movie also brings the same
idea as is displayed in the movie. Hamlet's play is about acquiring the throne in the
king's palace, which was the great desire of Hamlet's uncle in the play. The play
suggests giving more importance to surviving with self-confidence. Hamlet's play
portrays that Hamlet's uncle's uncles have great ambition to marry Hamlet's mother.
The play gives specific lessons for leading life without depending on anyone. There
is a fine perpetuation of a play to bring a clear concept of relativism to existence.

Hamlet is depicted explicitly, explaining relativism as crucial in its existence.

As per the opinion of Saunders et al., (2022), the Haidar movie is also portraying the
same relevant portion for adopting the clear concepts of relativism in social
existence. The Haidar movie is shown in Kashmir pictograph, where there is a great
dispute between India and Pakistan. This movie is properly arranged with a number
of characters and incidents that provide a significant portion.

These incidents and important characteristics are brought from the

Shakespearean play Hamlet. The ancient situation of Denmark in the 14 and 15
centuries is well depicted in Kashmir conditions during the Indian and Pakistan
conflict for acquiring more place occupation. There is an interesting segment of the

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play as the play has a different language for clearly understanding the movie, even if
it has a great impact on Indian society. The Haidar movie is outstanding for the
Indian theater and is enjoyed by audiences. Hamlet's play shows major
discrimination in religion.

Hamlet is revealing the religious portion of Denmark as giving more

importance to Christianity and showing less significance in Islam. According to the
statement of "Haider" (2021), the Haidar movie is misleading about Islam in the
situation of Kashmir. Hamlet portrays the lifestyle of the king and queen in the
Denmark palace. There is a segment in which Hamlet's uncle shows great desire to
inherit the throne of the palace living a luxurious life. Haidar is also about Pakistan
demanding Kashmir for their land. There is a conflict between the two countries to
acquire their position for ruling over Kashmir. The Haidar movie is a melancholy
identity for Pakistan, and in the Play Hamlet, the uncle is in a miserable condition
leading his life. Hamlet and Haidar both bring significant characteristics and contrast
in the context.

In the drama Hamlet, Shakespeare shows the love between the characters of
this drama and revenge for the killing. Hamlet, the lead character of this drama, tries
to identify the man who has killed his father. It is found by the character that
Hamlet's uncle is responsible for the death of his father. The revenge of Hamlet's
father is portrayed in the drama of Shakespeare, and this situation is adopted in the
movie "Haider". As per the opinion of Chatterjee, (2022), the scenario of the drama
is portrayed in Kashmir valley to make this story more realistic in the context of
Indian society. This initiative helps the directors to impress the audience through the
subject of the movie.

2.5 Adaptation of "Romeo and Juliet" in "Goliyon Ki Rasleela:

Ram-Leela"
Shakespeare's works are appreciated across the whole world as these
creations deliver good emotions, feelings and attraction to the relationship. Many of
his dramatic works like

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Hamlet, Othello, and "Romeo and Juliet" have been adapted into many
Bollywood films. "Romeo and Juliet" has been adapted into the Bollywood film
"Goliyon Ki Rasleela: Ram-Leela". Play, and it successfully meets the audience's
attractions and beliefs. As per the opinion of Navalka (2020), starring actor Deepika
Padukone and Ranveer Singh in the lead role, "Goliyon Ki Rasleela: Ram-Leela" is
the Indian adaptation of Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet". This film is totally
covered by the love story of a crossed starred couple. Both are false love but unable
to live together as their families have been rivals with each other for a long time.
This is the main theme of the whole movie, and how each couple continues their
relationship despite the struggles is exposed throughout this whole movie.

In the play "Romeo and Juliet", both Juliet and Romeo begin the chorus with
the findings of their families of Verona: the Montagues and the Capulets. On the
summer's day, both young men and each face a fight until the prince of Verona
threatens and intercedes in their banishment. After that, the head of the Capulet
family plans for the feast to divide both of them, and the main goal is to introduce
his daughter anyhow compelled to marry a Count named Paris. According to the
statement of Brown et al., (2019), Arise always likes Juliet and seeks the opportunity
to offer Juliet's father to marry him. Montague's son Romeo and his friends
(Benovolie and Mercutio) hear the news of the party and try to resolve it by going in
disguise. Romeo hopes that he can see his beloved Rasline at the party. As per the
opinion of Navalka (2020), Similar things are copied in the "Goliyon Ki Rasleela:
Ram-Leela" movie. In that movie, the scene is set in a fair in Gujarat, northwest
India. Two rivals have been clashing as both have had a bad relationship among
them for the last 500 years. The criminal empires spend their days in the conflict on
the streets in the village, and the heir apparent is poorer of the clans of Ram
(Ranveer Singh).

Ram is always trying to remove the enmity between two families, like
Romeo Montague is trying for these two families. Both are similar in this case as it
is clear that only a good relationship between two families can help them to live
together. From the perspective of Keinänen (2019), Romeo always seeks to meet
with Juliet by creating excuses in his family, and sometimes he can also do that. In

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the same situation, Ram also tries hard to meet Leela (Deepika Padukone), and
sometimes he fails, and his friends help them to meet Leela. In that scenario, both
the movie and play are similar and give clear ideas to the viewers, and it is common
also. Apart from that, Ram is always passionate about removing the enmity in their
family, as Ram loves Leela and wants to live with her. Both families have not liked
each other and their enmity for a long time, and in order to build a good relationship
between two families, both are trying hard to remove the obstacles between the two
families. Leela sometimes engages her in more work in her family and tries to
impress her family so that Ram's family can understand that this girl is appropriate
for their family. Like in "Romeo and Juliet", Roomie always tried to do many
daunting tasks and spent a long time with his friends without doing any work. As per
the opinion of Keinänen (2019), after watching Juliet and getting loved by her,
Romeo also tries to find the work which helps to build a good family. Roomie is
searching for work significantly as it is known to him only a good income can help
him to achieve his dream of success. Ram and Leela both love each other, but both
are unable to stay together as their families Sanera and Rajadi have been at war with
each other for the past 500 years.

Both are not to divide the two families and not have the intention to saris
either love as their families both are brutal rivalry for long times. As per the opinion
of Bian et al., (2021), Ram, who was a village Romeo according to the Shakespeare
plays "Romeo and Juliet", is a colorful and charming guy who's always trying to
attract girls. In contrast, Leela is passionate and unbridled, like Juliet. From the
perspective of Planinc (2019), the only things in common are that these two
strangers hate their every family as both had been engaged in the war for the last 500
years ago. The two communities were sworn since the past 500 years ago, their own
kin falling in love with each other. It is worse than any storm but could have ever
come to manage good relations among the families. Ram and Leela, when at the first
time see those at a glance, their worlds collide, and both wars are fought and
destinies in blood forever.

Ram Leela is a Bollywood movie which is about the strong love of a young
couple. As per the opinion of Chatterjee, (2022), Ram Leela is an exclusive

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revelation of a Rajasthan couple who have fallen in love with each other. Love is
divine for all humans to bring a peaceful mind and tranquility of heart in life. The
movie has provided an explicit scenario that their love did not last too long.
Shakespeare has written a play, "Romeo and Juliet", that provides love plots. This
play expresses affection between the beloved as their love was not fruitful. There
have been many gloomy scenarios depicted by Shakespeare to bring some ideas
about the difficult situation of love. Shakespearean plays have a variety of
characteristics for a proper explanation of the theme and plots in his plays. This play
is mainly focused on the love reaction, and affection to "Romeo and Juliet" as their
love has been revealed as a strong bonding nothing can separate them. Love is
crucial in everyone's life for better prosperity, and this play has revealed that love is
boundless and cannot be seen by human beings.

Figure 2.4: Similarity between “Ram-Leela” and "Romeo and Juliet"

(Source: Self-developed)

This play has brought different dimensions for the audience to know about
the love of "Romeo and Juliet". According to the statement of Nand (2022),
Shakespeare can highlight the charming landscape of the love affair in "Romeo and
Juliet's play. Ram Leela is a movie that highlights the two rich families as the movie

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is extremely shown by the Director of the movie. This movie is based on the love
story of two Rajasthani couples who have fallen in love. There was a strong rivalry
between these two families; hence they did not accept the love of the young couple.
This movie has a fine example of an explanation of love that is full of care, and
family members could not understand the importance of love. There are many
similarities between the play and the Indian movie in explaining moral thinking and
innovative acknowledgement for the audience. The movie has to draw the attention
of two noble families who have been rivals for a long time. That was the main
reason for the two beloved characters in this movie and play. The main plots of the
play have helped the reader to understand the objective of the play.

Ram Leela has gained more reputation in the Cinema for its fine, charming
and emotional portions shown by this movie. As per the opinion of Sharif et al.,.
(2020), "Romeo and Juliet" have strong similarities in the movie for fine exclusivity.
This movie provides the best knowledge for relationships as there are d different
types of relationships that have been revealed by this movie. The story takes place in
a fictitious village called Raanjhar in Gujarat. On the eve of Holy celebrations held
by the opponent Sanera community Ram has come to stun Leela, who is considered
Romeo is a good guy and affectionate to each girl's face. From the perspective of
Viñuela (2020), Leela is the younger loving daughter of the other village bigwig,
and the beautiful Leela is fearless in nature. The same thing is elaborate in
Shakespeare's play, where Romeo was the hero and spent maximum time with his
friends just taking the story and a lot of stuff. Juliet is a beautiful and charming girl
who is loved by anyone in her village and possesses good characteristics. In the
movie "Goliyon Ki Rasleela: Ram-Leela", it is shown that Leela is fearless and can
do anything in her own village.

Ram and Romeo have the same characteristics that are shown in both play
and drama, and when Leela first sees Ram, she is mesmerized by him and falls in
love with him. Their bond from the first day was so great that that day they decided
to build a relationship. Both are known that their family does not accept their
relationship; in spite of that, both are trying hard to establish their relationship in
front of their families. As per the opinion of Nand (2022), these two couples think

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that their relationship removes all obstacles and enmity among their families, but
each tries hard to remove this enmity which is not successful. It is shown in both the
play and movie and both couples have to sacrifice their love for their family rivals.
However, the two couples dream that both are making a good family and live
together forever, and there are a lot of plans for this lover's dream, which is not
possible due to their bad relationship in the family. As per the opinion of Isea
(2018), the two families are always engaged in conflict by remembering their past
incidents that happened 500 years ago in the war field, and both cannot forget these
issues. Both families are so brutal that anytime can happen in a worse situation in
case they are facing the front of anyone, and this kind of nature always makes them
uncomfortable, for both Ram and Leela. From the perspective of Ue (2020), the
same thing is visualized in Shakespeare's play, where both "Romeo and Juliet" love
each other too much, but due to their family conflict, both are often separated.

Their relationship is strong enough and they have faith that one day both can
remove all the obstacles in the families, but unfortunately, try not to do that. Both
failed to establish their relationship by siding with all the family barriers and were
unable to prove their relationship.

The families are not given any permission and engage in more wars after
knowing their relationship, which is shown in the movie. In the same scenario in the
part of the play, both "Romeo and Juliet" are not able to prove their relationship in
front of their family. From the perspective of Zitouni (2022), their family is so brutal
that in case they face it, they can even get murdered. Romeo, a young man about
sixteen, is handsome, sensitive and intelligent too, always trying to pay attention to
Juliet like in the movie Ram does. Ram does not live in the place where Leela lives
and comes in every day to meet Leela. Sometimes this character can be successful in
meeting Leela, and sometimes not. In both movie and play, it is shown that
immature and impulsive characters are always in Romeo as well as in Ram as both
have the faith to have a successful interrelationship.

In actuality, it does not occur due to their worse family relation and makes
them separated forever, which is reflected at the end of the movie and play.

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Characteristics of the attributes of Romeo are that he is impulsive, which means

after seeing Juliet, he immediately falls in love with her and forgets Rosaline.

In the movie, it is also shown that Ram always tries to attract the attention of
beautiful ladies, but after seeing Leela, he totally changes, always waiting to see
Leela when she is outside of the home and eagerly waiting in every place where
Leela can go. From the perspective of Fomin et al. (2021), as a devoted friend when
Mercutio is killed by Tybalt, Romeo is too angry and makes the promise that he was
also enraged to kill him too. The same scene is noticed in the movie when Ram's
best friend is killed by a gun.

Romeo immediately starts to search for this enemy and promises himself that
Romeo will also kill the culprit who killed his best friend. The opinion of Liu
(2020), this nature shows that he readily messes up things in case anything happens
with his nearest one and his friend is always close to him, and due to his murder, he
feels guilty. Romeo blames himself for his love for Juliet. Juliet's family kills his
best friend in front of him and warns him not to go for Juliet as a lover. Apart from
that, Romeo was too passionate about his love. When Juliet was killed by his family,
he killed himself in order to prove the real lover, and it carries the good signs in each
individual, which attract the audience and reader's mind.

Romeo Montague is impetuous and hasty and quickly changes his moods
after seeing Marie Juliet at first and falling in love at first sight after the day. He is
meeting in similar ways. Ram was speechless and really attracted by the beauty of
Leela, who was a neighbor of his. Ram also knows that their family relationship is
not good, and no one accepts their relationship; in spite of that, he does not forget to
love Leela with all his affection. As per the opinion of Fomin et al., (2021), The
family of both Ram and Leela can murder each other anytime meeting; he knows
that surely, but his mind is filled with Leela's beautifulness and cannot imagine
without a second.

Similar things are highlighted in Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet" play that
after seeing for one second, he falls in love and keeps away all the obstacles and

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problems that surely hamper his relationship. The consequences of his relationship
he knows well, but he does not stop there; his full attention is anyhow having to win
by overcoming all the obstacles that he faces during his journey. Ram manages that
anyhow might arise, which takes his life, but he gives his best to win his relationship
and fight against his own family to keep the permission.

Romeo takes revenge for Mercator's death without stopping and not thinking
what the consequences are of waiting for him for his daunting task, and he engages
in giving punishment to those who killed his friends. In the same movie, this is
depicted beautifully. When Ram's friends are killed by the gun in front of him, he
forces the enemy and tries to kill him without thinking about anything. As per the
opinion of Isea (2018), at last, when Juliet was killed by her family members,
Romeo also left his own life to prove that his love is unique and no one, even death,
cannot separate them. This kind of attitude touches the audience's mind and, in the
same way, is beautifully shown in the movie when Leela is killed; Ram sacrifices his
own life only for Leela and proves how passionate Ram is to Leela.

Ram expressed before releasing his last inhale that he was so fortunate in his
life to have Leela for these few days and considered himself too lucky enough. His
life is totally blocked and not active due to the missing of his last hope Leela which
beautifully shows through the movie last seen as well as the play. As per the opinion
of Keinänen (2019), Shakespeare's plays and dramas always contribute something
special which attracts the audience's mind and to the targeting and carry special
information which is totally new to the audience.

The audience in this movie is inclined to see the passionate nature of Romeo
and Ram; due to this, it earns the maximum insights of the audience. The passionate
nature of the Ram as well as Romeo carries a good belief among the audience. As
per the opinion of Viñuela (2020), the play "Romeo and Juliet" focuses on romantic
love and specifically the intense passion that springs at first sight between Juliet and
Romeo. The main ethics behind this play is that Juliet and Romeo are at the ancient
pillages for the control of feelings and one's life.

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In the movie, it is also seen the impulsive character of Ram; when he sees
Leela, he totally forgets all of his things and creates the mindset that Leela, at first
sight, loves Juliet with his heart and mind. He knows well their relationship was
never accepted by their family due to the rivalry among their family, and despite
that, he is always trying to remove all obstacles that are affecting their relationship.
Apart from that, Ram is a good and faithful friend as he starts to find immediately
the murderer who killed his friends, and last, when Leela is killed by the gun, he also
kills himself as he always feels that no one can separate from Leela even dead also.

2.6 Oedipus Complex Theory

Freud's Oedipus Complex theory is mainly based on the psychosexual stages
of children. These stages mainly develop at the age group of 3 to 6. As per the
statement of Gumiandari and Nafi'a, (2019), psychosexual stages mainly include
oral, anal, phallic and genital stages and this growth with age. These stages are
mainly describing the feelings and desires of children in which the child becomes
attracted towards the opposite sex parents. Then the child feels jealous and anxious
towards the opposite sex of the parents. This concept of children's feelings was first
observed by Sigmund Freud after being influenced by the story of a boy named
Oedipus.

According to this present theory, he mainly becomes attracted towards the

opposite sex of his mother and a girl is mainly attracted towards her father. A girl
mainly feels much possessiveness towards her father, and whenever she looks at the
same sex attracted towards her father, she really gets jealous and tries to harm that
personality. On the other hand, a boy child also feels this and makes the opposite sex
their rival. As per the sites of Chourasia, (2019), sometimes it becomes a more
dangerous condition in the lives of children, and they really get anxious about it, and
it makes them less attracted to and less affection towards the same sex parent. This
came from a Greek myth that Oedipus was unknown to his parents after his father's
death and his mother married an unknown person; from this, he learned all of the
identities and felt jealous.

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Figure 2.5: Oedipus complex theory

(Source: Self-developed)

Oedipus's complex theory has been explained as the sexual desire of children
that has to be finely shown through this theory. As per the opinion of Muzaffar
(2020), Shakespearean plays have shown all the desire to be fulfilled with his
beloved. Sexual desire has to be explained to the children as it is the attraction of
affection to commit sexual activities. This theory has been providing some
knowledge of introducing sexual offenses to different sex transparent. The theory
has a strong capability to explain love and affection and has brought diverse
knowledge from this lesson. There has been a sexual desire for the other sex
transparently explained by Shakespearean play. There is also a same-sex transparent
who has committed to all these activities. The theory has a strong capability to bring
to light some basic features of the population. Hamlet's play is a fine explanation of
the sexual desire of Hamlet's uncle to marry his sister-in-law to fulfill his ambition.
There is a similar sexual transparent feeling for each other. Shakespearean plays are
full of romantic love, and affection, and most plays have fine explanations of love
and desire. The physical desire has to be fulfilled by different sexual transparency as
well as the same sexual transparency has to do all sorts of activities.

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Shakespearean's Haml et al.,so showcases the clear identity of this theory

that Hamlet had the affection of his mother. Mother has an affair with his uncle even
though she married him; when Hamlet comes to know about this matter, Hamlet
really gets angry and tries to kill the uncle. On the other hand, in the "Haider ''
movie, just like Hamlet, "Haider '' also tries to knock out his uncle, although he has a
strong affection for Arshia (Javed, 2021). It can be seen that "Haider '' cannot make
better relations with his loved ones for her father; as a result, "Haider '' gets angry
with him and kills that person to get Arshia. In this part, the theory of the Oedipus
complex can be matched, and hence the theory can simultaneously be followed in
Hamlet.

2.7 Freud’s Personality theory

Freud‗s personality theory can be determined with the basic structure of
human psychological feelings or mainly grow with situations. In the opinion of
Nuckcheddy (2018), the personality theory of Freud can be divided into three parts
of the psyche structure: the id, ego and Superego. This entire psyche mainly controls
a person‘s feelings and thoughts. Freud mainly proposed the theory in the year of
1923 after observing the entire developing stages of people. Overview of personality
theory, Id is the most primitive and habitual part of the mind that commonly
contains various aggressive behaviors of hidden memories. This psyche is controlled
by the Superego, which is denoted as the operating moral consciousness, and it is
part of dealing with unconsciousness. On the other hand, the ego can be determined
with the most consciousness of mine that is mainly compared with the id, that ego
commonly happens within a specific reason.

2.8 Freud’s Personality theory

Figure 2.6: Freud’s Personality Theory

(Source: Self-developed)

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Sigmund Freud understands the complication of the human mind, and hence,
this psychiatrist divides the mind of human beings into three parts id, ego, and
superego. From the viewpoint of Kli (2018), the pleasure principle is signified by the
id that always seeks to accomplish desires. Id can be considered as the animal
instincts of human beings. This specific part of the mind always compels people to
do whatever those individuals want. As per the opinion of Amelia, (2021), the
superego, another part of the mind, prioritizes morals and values. However, the ego
balances between the superego and the id. Macbeth murders Duncan as the id of this
person compels him to do so.

Figure 2.7: Depiction of the Three Parts of Mind

(Source: Self-developed)

Freud states that the mind of individuals can be considered as a storage of

several emotions, experiences, and thoughts. According to the statement of
Tsikandilakis et al.,. (2019), many thoughts and feelings of human beings are
suppressed by people in their unconscious minds. In the movie, "Haider" suppresses
his rage against his uncle within the unconscious mind, and this person proceeds to

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take vengeance against his uncle. From the viewpoint of Ismail (2019), Freud
compares the human mind to an iceberg that consists of three layers such as
conscious, unconscious, and subconscious. As per the opinion of Sigmund Freud,
most people suffering from neurotic disorders generally repress their emotions in
their unconscious minds. Hence, Freud says that people must reveal their concealed
talks; otherwise, horrible situations can be created by these individuals.

This theory is mainly driven by the psychodynamic approach that develops a

man to make a decision; whether there are some issues with this decision, then it
would be controlled, but sometimes it would not be controlled. As per the viewpoint
of Petriglieri and Petriglieri (2020), the psychodynamic approach is the
understanding of human behavior that is specially focused on the role of feelings
such as unconsciousness, memory and even the conscious mind of a person. This
psychological behavior of people can be controlled within various stages. When a
man is thought to do something have to do, it is then the id, this can be controlled by
the superego, and after that, the ego makes that final decision that that should be
done at the right time.

According to the theory, the Shakespearean literature Macbeth can be

aligned and here, the theory is mainly justified. In the play Macbeth, the main
character had the temptation to the throne then he thinks about the murder of the
king. On the other hand, his superego prevented him from doing such a thing;
however, this ego made him the final decision on what he should do for his future
(Patil, 2020). The movie "Maqbool" also makes a clear alignment of theory to
murder Abba ji for gaining the main seat of don in Mumbai and also rescue loved
ones from this kingdom.

In Freud‗s theory, the personality of humans and its concept are discussed,
and personality is important to build the structure of personality function. As per the
opinion of Bakhriyevich and Ibodilloyevich, (2021), elements of humans such as
jealousy, greed for power and hatred have great contributions to the development of
human nature. The personality of a human depends on these elements, which
influence a human to change behavior towards the people of society. In the drama

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Othello, these human elements have great contributions to portraying the characters.
According to the statement Khudadad et al.,. (2022), the behavior of the characters
of this drama changes to greed for power and immense hatred for one. Conspiracy is
created to destroy one‗s life, and this conspiracy is developed due to greed for
power. Iago, the evil character of this drama, creates a conspiracy to destroy Othello
for the power of position. In the Bollywood movie, Langda Tyagi creates a
conspiracy to destroy the life of "Omkara" for the power of politics.

These elements of human behavior encourage a change of mindset and lead

towards destroying one‗s life. According to the statement Dinh, (2019), the Id, ego
and superego are the parts of the human psyche, and these parts influence human
beings to increase jealousy, hatred and greed. Id leads humans to fulfill their desires
temporarily based, and for this temporarily based satisfaction, humans are turned
into evil in society. The ego arises between two persons, and this ego destroys the
relationship between the persons. In the movie "Omkara", the ego of the lead
character leads to decreasing beliefs and love for his wife due to doubting her.

2.9 Conceptual Framework

Figure 2.8: Conceptual Framework

(Source: Self-developed)

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2.10 Research Gap

Research gaps can be expressed as the limitation and issues in finding
information in stud work. This chapter has been expressed as the various
descriptions of Shakespearean novels and the usage of the novel in Bollywood
movies. The description was quite hard due to less effective articles and sometimes
the information about recent events that made it difficult to take references. In the
theoretical underpinning, it was difficult to find the topic-oriented theory as there
was a lack of adequate related theories. The personality theory is the hardest to
understand, and it takes much time; even all the literary work alignment with the
theory also took much time. Making the conceptual framework also took much time
to complete; the determination of dependent and independent variables and the
alignment of operational variables took time to complete this chapter.

Overall, literature review chapters can be described with the representation

of themes, and this is mainly based on various Shakespeare's novels with application
in Bollywood. First, these are mainly about Shakespeare's literary works in the
Bollywood celluloid that give the opportunity to give a clear comparison with
various literary works on the visual screen. There are various Bollywood movies that
represent the inspiration for Shakespeare's story. "Haider", "Omkara", Ram Leela,
"Maqbool", and more are mainly inspired by Hamlet, Othello, "Romeo and Juliet",
and Macbeth, respectively. The thematic preparation makes a fruitful understanding
of the main work with a comparison of the nineteenth century and twentieth century.
The first thematic representation makes each movie with the description of literary
works. Other thematic representations make clear references to the main subject.
The main subject has been described to compare the movie with the effective
understanding of Shakespeare's literary works. The theoretical underpinning is
described with the Oedipus theory and the personality theory of Freud. These can be
expressed as the better understanding of personality has been described in literary
work and in movies. The theories have been described with personal psychological
feelings that give better knowledge about human psychology.

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 Chapter 3
Research Methodology
 Chapter 3
Research Methodology

The research methodology chapter has mainly described the application of

various strategies with step-wise thinking. The strategies are specifically taken with
the relationship of the main subject; this can be maintained in the formation of
dissertations. The dissertation is mainly structured with various components of
research: approach, philosophy, designs, along with data collection procedures. The
data collection procedures in the research can be maintained in a qualitative way, as
the entire research is commonly related to the literary work of Shakespeare. The
main work is done with the help of understanding the application of various methods
with proper steps. All of the steps can help to make a standard undertaking of the
main subject. Research methodology specifically describes standard techniques
within the capacity of selection of process with prep planning along with a collection
of data.

This chapter helps the reader to understand the main subject, which gives
advantages in making alignment with the main subject. There are different types of
research methodologies, such as quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods. This
study should be described with a qualitative method as techniques of the study are
commonly related to the literature and interpretation of various literary works. The
qualitative description has been done from authentic articles and journals. The
approach, design and philosophy can also be described with a better relationship
within the subject.

Research methodology provides scientifically sound findings of the study.

The methodology gives a detailed plan for the overall research process. This process
allows the researcher to make a documentary about what researchers intend to
achieve. Some researchers are using only qualitative research methods, where
quantitative data are not needed. On the other hand, few researchers use quantitative
research methods, where every fact is related to numbers. Apart from this, most of
the researchers use mixed methods, where both quantitative and qualitative take

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place. In this study, no numerical part is present; as a result, qualitative research type
is considered.

Figure 3.1: Research Methodology

(Source: Springer, 2022)

3.1 Research Philosophy

The philosophy of the research can be determined by the belief of the
subjects and the data collection procedure, and this is the way in which data can be
gathered. The term epistemology, which is opposed to doxology, is clearly related to
research philosophy. As per the study of Dougherty et al., (2019), philosophy can be
related to the assumption, knowledge and nature of the study, which specialty deals
with ways of developing knowledge. The philosophy of this research can address the
main problem of the work and give the procedure to solve the entire problem. The
assumption is more important to create a better description of the study, and thus it
makes better knowledge to form a study work. The main advantage of such research
philosophy is: it adopts better ideas related to the topic, and this assists in the
collection of information.

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The research philosophy can be of various types that are commonly chosen
for the specific study subject, and even the particular type of research philosophy
should be related to the top for alignment. As per the opinion of Abu-Alhaija (2019),
there are various kinds of research philosophy: positivism research philosophy,
interpretivism research philosophy, realistic research philosophy and pragmatism
research philosophy. All of the types of research philosophies are much more
efficient in creating a better understanding and alignment of topics. Positivism
research philosophy is described with the factual knowledge of research and is
especially related to observation and measurement. This type of philosophy makes a
standard description of the study with the justification of the main topic.

The positivist research philosophy is most important for the data collection
method in a quantitative way. It develops the idea of standard and scientific
representation of the main work. As per the statement of Bhatta, (2018), this type of
research philosophy can make the determination to limit the study with the
interpretation within the scientific method. This research philosophy can make a
clear understanding of data collection in a concise manner, and the interpretation of
such should be in a scientific way. The main advantages of positivist research
philosophy are: it specifically gives freedom of value with the application of better
gathering of data, showing the reliability of the study along with this generalization
of the main work. The main principle of this philosophy is that observable
experiments are fruitful and can be gained by factual knowledge, especially based on
a positive view.

The pragmatism research philosophy can be described as the involvement of

operational decisions that can give the opportunity to choose a fruitful statement for
the particular study work. According to the studies of Kelly and Cordeiro (2020),
pragmatic ideas of the research can give advantages of proper investigation by
finding answers from relevant questions with better conduction of dynamic methods
of research. This can make the proper investigation of the formation of questions
and create a useful paradigm for quantitative research. There are various principles
of pragmatism; these are an elaboration of actionable knowledge, identification of

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contention between different properties, and better asking of questions for

experiments.

Realism research philosophy can be expressed as relying on the idea that real
knowledge comes from the human mind. This philosophy is based on the scientific
assumption of standard development of knowledge. As mentioned by Hu (2018),
realism research design can be of two types, direct realism and critical realism.
Direct realism is determined by the effective ideas of observation. Apart from this,
critical realism can refer to the problem of sensational feelings faced by humans
from the real world. The main advantages of this type of philosophy are: it
emphasizes practical knowledge and also makes a relationship between practical and
functional knowledge as also it makes efficient work.

Interpretivism research philosophy is commonly based on the principle of a

philosophical approach to the performance of specific tasks that observe the social
world. According to the statement of Ryan (2018), interpretivism philosophy is
based on the trust of scientific approaches with the subjective allowance of an
alternative model of the real thing. Interpretivism research philosophy is based on
the interpretation of real observation of scientific research; moreover, this research
philosophy introduces the proper exploration of different events and phenomena.
Moreover, this philosophy emphasizes the construction of concise languages and
meanings and messages .This approach even gives effective knowledge for
philosophical approaches of idealism, including the phenomenology of
constructivism, which gives advantages in clearing the idea of the conscious mind
for a better understanding of philosophy.

The advantages of interpretivism research philosophy are as follows:

Application of this research philosophy can produce research with better
application of justification.

The qualitative data procedure can be built with the individual subject of the
study as a representation of accurate pictures for efficient study work.

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Justification
The viewpoint of the advantages of interpretivism research philosophy and
the description of such philosophy is most important for the researcher who has
decided to take the philosophical approach. The study topic is based on the
preadaptation of Shakespearean literary work in Bollywood celluloid; the
philosophy should be worked out with the subjective declaration. This can be
maintained with interpretivism research philosophy. All the research philosophies
like positivism, realism and pragmatism research philosophy are mainly based on
the quantitative approach of the study. However, all other research designs are not
applicable to this thesis paper. As per the viewpoint of Kelly and Cordeiro (2020),
pragmatism research has some cons in describing the thesis paper; apart from this,
philosophy cannot make the necessary goal of making better knowledge for study
work. On the other hand, realism has the tendency to follow the competitive
advantage by treating it like politics in the study work that creates hectic work.

Better quality research papers can be developed through the application of

proper identification of related philosophy. This thesis paper can be developed with
interpretivism research philosophy as all the literary works should be identified to
make proper justification of the main mentioned movies. According to the opinion
of Coppock and McClellan, (2019), the identification and experiment from authentic
sources can make better results for the main study work. There are particularly
secondary qualitative applications that can be followed, and this is done from
authentic sources of various journals. The collection of data and information should
be related to topics; that follows the principle of interpretivism research philosophy.
Research philosophy considers the nature of the research works and tries to develop
knowledge based on the topic. According to the opinion of Wolff (2018), philosophy
is essential for any kind of research work to make a phenomenon about the collected
data. On the other hand, knowledge creation is a part of the dissertation. Research
philosophy tries to recommend the perfect way to analyze the collected data based
on the nature of the research. Philosophy consists of three functions, one is
demystifying, another one is informing, and the last one is method-facilitating.

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Figure 3.2: Research Onion

(Source: Phantran, 2022)

3.2 Research Design

The research design can be determined with the entire strategy that has been
chosen to integrate different requirements of the study in a logical manner. As per
the studies of Asenahabi, (2019), the research problem has been constituted, and the
collection, measurement and interpretation are addressed properly from the research
design. There may be some issues in the research, and it may not be a fruitful result
of research. However, the correct application of research design can solve these
problems. The main advantage of research design is to help the researcher in making
the entire process in a systematic and proper way. Moreover, it provides the
opportunity to carry out the work with an efficient framework to give a standard
outcome.

Research design can help with addressing the problem or issue in studies. As
per the opinion of Goldschmidt and Matthews, (2022), there are various types of
research design that are:

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Exploratory, Observatory, Experimental and Descriptive research design and

more. All these designs of research have the capacity to make a proper framework
for individual study work. The main advantage of the research design is that it
mainly helps the researcher with completing the task even with limited resources.
The better application of research design can provide reliability, accuracy, and
consistency to the study work. The proper design provides a better plan for the study
and permits standard assessment for showing the relationship between different
variables.

The observational research design can be defined as the technique of

observing the participants and situations fruitful for the research topic. According to
the statement of McCarrick et al.,. (2021), observatory design enables the researcher
to observe the subject, and it makes sure about opposing the structure of the
dissertation. This type of research design helps in making better observations on the
focus group for standardized collections of information. The observatory research
design can be of various types that are: descriptive of cross-sectional, correlational
and analytics with a cross-section (Aliman et al., 2021). The main advantages of this
type of research design are to make efficient hypotheses with a better frame and be
able to observe appropriate tools in making effective study work.

The observatory research design is much standard for the sampling method
and quantitative analysis. However, it cannot be efficient in making proper
descriptions of qualitative analysis. In making an efficient description of both
quantitative and qualitative methods for study work, the descriptive research design
is more important. As per the statement of Pandiangan et al.,. (2021), the descriptive
research design is determined by obtaining information from systematic methods to
describe the phenomena and population. This type of research design can help with
answering the specific phenomena with what, when, where and how questions with
issues related to the study. Naturally, the descriptive research design is qualitative
and can be able to collect information with better statistical analysis.

The main advantages of the descriptive research design are to create

opportunities to apply better and standard scientific analysis. Statistical analysis is

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most important for this design. As per the viewpoint of Roe et al.,. (2021), an
Observatory research design has the capacity to attend better observations of the
participants; on the other hand, descriptive research design helps in making
application of statistical analysis for efficient work. The descriptive design uses
qualitative data collection for the purpose of the study work. The descriptive
research design even helps the researcher to attend an in-depth study and gives the
opportunity to develop an understanding of a particular topic or subject.

Experimental research design can be described as the process of completing

any study work in controlling objective and main concentrations based on the
hypothesis statement. According to the studies of Bie et al.,. (2021), the main
purpose of establishing an experimental research design is to create an impact on
independent variables in the dependent variable. There are various types of
experimental research design that are: quasi-experimental, experimental,
correctional, and single-subject research design. Most of the study work is based on
the experimental research design for describing the hypothesis statement.
Experimental research design can subset the scientific investigation for the study
work. Moreover, the researcher mainly follows this for conducting experiments, and
this can be applied in most scientific research work for relevant outcomes.

The experimental design makes clear testing and justification of hypotheses

with better investigation. On the other hand, exploratory research design can be
defined as the identification of research problems with proper exploration. From the
perspective of Hajli et al., (2021), this research design can help in making the
description with a theoretical viewpoint of the study work and serves as an effective
tool. The exploratory design can make the proper investigation with a large sample
with the standard exploration of research questions. This type of design is mainly
qualitative in nature, and every qualitative research method can be done with the
help of this type of research design. Exploratory research design cannot properly
form a quantitative way of research as the main principle is to make a proper
interpretation of main subjects in qualitative ways.

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The main advantages of exploratory research design are as follows:

● This type of research design can lead to the better formation of particular
study work to give the opportunity to do further research.
● This type of research design enables the researcher to understand beforehand
whether the topic is related and takes much time for investigations.
● It can attend the study with much smaller sampling techniques with tentative
results.
● A strong foundation can be formed for the purpose of standard study
techniques; it can lead to a better majority identifying the bosses in study
work.

Justification
An overall observation of all research designs, the researcher has decided to
take exploratory research design for maintenance of this study work. As per the
opinion of Dawadi et al., (2021), the majority of the research work can be done with
the help of descriptive methods of design for better qualitative and qualitative
approaches to study. Moreover, the exploratory can make a better investigation of
the main topic with proper description. This research design can also be helped with
the identification of any problem from the start, and it leads to protection from any
kind of issues. This type of research also satisfies the topics that are incomplete with
the previous application, giving a new beginning to future study. This gives the
opportunity to refine new questions with the identification of objectives for doing
further research.

This study is based on the literary works of Shakespeare with uses of those in
Bollywood movies. In studying this research, it is most important to have a
qualitative method of research work, which is why researchers have chosen an
exploratory research design. The observatory may be applied for maintaining
observation of all of the plays; however, it cannot form a qualitative form of a
qualitative method of research. On the other hand, experimental and descriptive
research is mainly based on statistical analysis with quantitative analysis. These
designs certainly do not maintain the management of this particular study work. All

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of the research designs can be fruitful in the scientific research and statistical
requirements of any study work.

Research design helps the researchers to identify and explain the framework
of the study. Levine (2018) stated that researchers could consider any kind of
research design available in the market based on their chosen topic. According to the
name (exploratory), this research design tries to explain the context of the study and
relate other factors to the topic. On the other hand, the conclusive design focuses on
making a conclusion statement for the study and according to the framework of the
study. Perfect research design reduces the overall cost of the study and tries to
complete the work within the estimated cost.

Figure 3.3: Research Design Tree

(Source: libguides, 2022)

3.3 Research Approach

The research approach is referred to as the plan and procedure with stepwise
thinking for attending to broad assumptions of any study work. As per the study of
Rieger et al. (2021), the detailed method of data collection, analysis, and
interpretation with the identification of research problems can be maintained with
the help of a proper research approach. This parameter of research is divided into
various forms that are: indicative, deductive and inductive. All of these types of
research approaches can help to form better decisions of plans and procedures. The
advantages of the presence of a research approach are this on a single concept of

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situation, test and justify the theories and explanations with proper interpretation.
The presence of an approach can make sure that a standard stepwise procedure
completes the entire study work.

An inductive research approach can be defined as the beginning of a

collection of data that should be relevant for giving fruitful results. As per the
opinion of Corley et al., (2021), the main principle of the inductive research
approach is the systematic procedure of analyzing qualitative data that describe with
specific guidance of objectives. The inductive approach can take advantage of
describing the topic from relevant sources. This research approach has some
advantages that are: this type of approach provides the flexibility of research with
close connectivity with theories. The application of theories should be described for
the application of this approach. There is also a main disadvantage besides the pros:
this type of approach is made with incomplete reasoning with less efficient quality
of research, even with accurate observation.

An Abductive research approach is determined with the process of study

with facts surprising and this form with the process of explanations. According to
the statement of Hurley et al.,., (2021), empirical research work can be done with
emerging facts of puzzles, and an explanation is an overview of the range of
theories. Adductive research approaches can be described with the empirical works
that happened mainly with qualitative methods. This type of approach has fewer
pros but a majority of cons. The main pros of this research approach are to help
solve the puzzle or surprising facts in a much better way and give better
explanations. Every researcher mainly follows to evaluate or apply an inductive or
deductive approach for the maintenance of simplicity and standard formation.

The deductive approach gives factual knowledge for a particular situation; on

the other hand, the inductive makes a proper description of that factual knowledge in
a descriptive form. As per the opinion of Sarwat et al.,., (2021), the deductive can
explain the study in both qualitative and quantitative ways. However, an inductive
approach can only manage the qualitative formation of the study. A deductive
approach can have the capacity to form a logical approach to the study; apart from

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this inductive approach can only identify the topic for description with elements of
probability.

Justification
The researchers consider the deductive research approach for secondary
qualitative data analysis. This approach helps the researchers ensure rigor in
qualitative data analysis. As per the opinion of Pratt et al.,., (2020), the deductive
research approach is impactful in working with qualitative data, and as a result,
consideration of this research approach is emerging. A conceptual framework is an
essential part of the literature review in a study, and it helps to understand the
relationship between the elements of the study. The deductive approach generalizes
the conceptual framework for finding the relation between elements and the study.
Theories significantly contribute to a study by relating the objective with the
researcher's elements. According to Al-Ababneh (2020), the deductive research
approach helps the researchers analyze the relationship between the elements of the
research. Researchers can find out the relationship of research elements with
theories, and is it compulsory in a study to understand the impact of the theories?
A study's actual statement is essential to find the answer to a research question. This
true statement is found by using deductive research approaches. According to
Mahajan (2018), the nature and behavior of the research is an integral part of a
study. In this study to find out nature and behavior are essential aspects. Researchers
conduct research to analyze the nature and behavior of the study, which can help the
researchers find authentic results of the research question. The deductive research
approach helps analyze the nature and behavior of a researcher, and this analysis is
to be considered when finding the result of a research question. The research goals
are essential for the researchers to guide the research in the right direction, and
researchers use this deductive research approach to follow this right direction in a
study.

In describing the nature and behavior of the research, this research approach
is used for authentic research. Qualitative data is essential in research; these
measurements help to understand the impact of the data. In this research, secondary
qualitative data is used, and measurement of this data is vital for this study.

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Measuring qualitative data is used to define qualitative methods and thematic

analysis. This concept is helpful in the determination of the effectiveness of the
qualitative data. According to Vasileiou et al.,. (2018), measurement plays a
significant role in collecting data, which is essential in a study. The researchers use
the deductive approach to increase the possibility of measuring secondary qualitative
data interpreted in thematic analysis. Generalizing the research findings is
significant for the researchers to understand the essential facts of the research, and
the deductive research approach helps researchers to generalize the findings.

The inductive research approach has limited usage, and in authentic research,
a limited research approach only applies to finding effective results. According to
Mahajan (2018), research observation is essential to find effective results, and
observation needs to be completed in this research approach. For this reason, the
possibility of finding out effective results is decreased. The number of investigations
needs to define the results of a study for using this inductive research approach.
Researchers need to make decisions through the least number of observations which
is a big negative side of this research approach. Generalisation is not possible in this
research approach, and this issue is one of the significant opposing sides.
Researchers try to avoid this approach for these opposing sides in a study. The
abductive research approach is started with a puzzle, and as a result, the direction of
the research needs to be revised.

Researchers need help finding the proper analysis of the data required in the
study to find results. Using this approach in the application is challenging, and due
to these challenges, researchers try to refrain from using this research approach
when conducting a study. According to Guenther and Falk, (2019), the deductive
research approach is impactful, and in the study, generalization is essential to
understand the impact of the facts. The inductive research approach cannot provide a
generalization of the research facts, and as a result, the researchers use this deductive
research approach. Usages of the inductive research approach are limited, and this
limited usage is not required in the study. Diverse usages of the deductive approach
help the researchers to consider this approach during research. Researchers use this

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approach to avoid the challenges of using the abductive research approach to

maintain the study's effectiveness.

The research approach is essential for the study as it gives a clear concept of
the topic. Researchers use several research approaches based on their topic of study,
such as deductive, inductive and many more. As per the viewpoint of Xu and
Zammit (2020), the deductive approach deals with the hypothesis development
strategy of the study and relates the existing theories. On the other hand, the
inductive approach deals with the study's observation, and the abductive approach
tries to find out the weak points of the research. The inductive approach is not
chosen as in this method, researchers need to prepare questionnaires, and it is not
possible for this research.

3.4 Data Collection Method

The data collection method is about the facts of research and gathering
information through surveys and interviews. According to Zhai et al.,. (2020),
researchers can make better decisions by considering online information and
surveys. The data collection method is considered an essential part of the research
methodology to justify and consider the collection of information required in the
study. In the data collection method, types of collecting are considered, such as
primary quantitative and secondary qualitative data. In this research, secondary
qualitative data is collected for thematic analysis. Secondary qualitative data can be
collected from internal and external sources such as magazines, sales reports,
financial reports, journals, and internet and government reports. These data are
available online and can easily be collected for secondary qualitative data analysis.
The magazine can be used as the source of secondary qualitative data, and the
researchers can collect data from the magazine for thematic analysis. Most of the
required data are available in the magazine, and following this source of secondary
data is to be beneficial for the researchers. According to Fisher and Kordupleski,
(2019), time and money are essential for research and saving this time and money is
one of the big priorities of researchers to do cost-effective research. Researchers can
reduce time and expand money through the usage of magazines for consideration as
a source of secondary qualitative data. In this study, magazines can be an effective

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source of secondary qualitative data for finding authentic research information. The
researchers use this source for collecting data for thematic analysis. Using journals is
beneficial for conducting research, and the information available in the journal is
authentic.

Researchers need authentic information to make better decisions for

conducting the study. The accuracy of the information which is collected from
journals can be verified. This opportunity is provided to the researchers for using
journals as a source of secondary qualitative data. Viewpoint and clarity are
necessary for research, and in journals, the factors of the subject are cleared, and the
main viewpoint is highlighted in the analysis of the journals. As per the opinion of
Amin et al., (2020), supporting evidence is required to check the authenticity of the
collected data and in journals supporting evidence is provided to prove its
authenticity. Focusing on research is an essential aspect of the study, and online
journals are focused on research. A wide range of data is available in the journals,
and the researchers can easily collect the required information and data to figure out
the study results.

Journals provide freedom to the researchers to collect required data, and as a

result, the researchers can collect data as per the requirements of the study.
Researchers can use smartphones or pc for gathering this information and data, and
this initiative helps to save material costs. This research uses journals as secondary
qualitative data sources for thematic analysis. According to Birkle et al.,. (2020), the
present time using websites is emerging as a source of secondary qualitative data,
and many researchers use this source. On the other hand, the website is also a
prominent source of secondary qualitative data and much information is collected
for thematic analysis. Collecting data from websites is easily accessible and cost-
effective; this kind of initiative is required in budget-friendly research.

Data available on websites are authentic, and as a result, deciding for the
study by considering the data and information to be reliable. In research, reliable
decision-making is essential to prove its effectiveness in the research world. In this
study, much information is collected from websites which helps to make an

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authentic study. On the other hand, the consumption of time and money is decreased
due to using this source of secondary qualitative data. As per the opinion of Xu and
Zammit (2020), thematic analysis is beneficial to find new opinions by considering
other viewpoints available in journals and websites. Flexibility and interpretation of
data are essential requirements of research, and the researchers must follow this at
the time of research.

The thematic analysis provides flexibility and straightforward interpretation

of data; as a result, many researchers take the initiative to follow the thematic
analysis in research. According to the statement.

Wiltshire and Ronkainen (2021), thematic analysis helps to involve different

kinds of approaches, such as deductive, abductive and inductive research
approaches. In this research, researchers can choose a deductive approach for
considering thematic analysis from secondary qualitative data. The data collection
method is the process of gathering the information and the values for the different
activities of various interests by the researcher. In statistics, data collection is
collecting all relevant sources that help find the research problem's solution. The
data collection helps the individual to conclude the answer to the questions.

Most of the information helps the researcher to find out all the detailed
information about the research and give the ideas of the information used in
conducting the research. From the perspective of Rahmatizadeh et al.,., (2018), in
this whole discussion, the secondary data is taken for evaluating the research results,
and particularly the secondary qualitative data is taken in this research. This
secondary qualitative data is mainly from journals, newspapers and social media.
This data is pretty young; all the data collected for the research is from after 2018. A
maximum of the researchers used the information for their future probabilities and
trends. According to the statement of Peterson et al.,., (2019), it helps the researcher
to take the ideas on the research approach and give the ideas which data is essential
to take the proper initiatives. The data collection procedure must be accurate as it
enables the researchers to make decisions related to the available information and

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understand how helpful the information will assist in carrying forward the research
work.

In Secondary qualitative data collection, the methods help to improve the

accuracy or validity of study outcomes or findings. Using valid and reliable
instruments is required to measure various phenomena of interest in the study. As
per the opinion of Schneider (2018), through evaluating the statistical value of the
collected data, the approach analytics gets to be understood while the level of. The
data collection procedures provide the basis for reliable estimation that can be
trustworthy. Consistency should also be taken into account since it ensures the
quality of the data collection. Properly accumulating data and information is an
essential tool for conducting any research. Collecting the information from journals
and newspapers might cover only some parts. The researcher has to assume it to
collect the proper data.

The assumption is trending the recent topic and information that are the main
topic of the researcher, in this case, the adaptation of the Bollywood celluloid from
Shakespeare's different plays. This data is essential for the researcher as it gives the
whole system the knowledge and what issues faced during adapting Shakespeare's
theory in Bollywood movies. There are a lot of advantages and disadvantages to
collecting information based on secondary qualitative data. Additionally, it should
give ideas about the whole system, but in reality, it is seen that much information is
skipped during the whole data collection.

In all the data, they do not combine any statistical values and which can face
the researcher to select a particular approach. As per the opinion of Dong et al.,
(2019), the statistics help the researcher to guide the whole procedure in organized
ways, but due to lack of it is difficult for the researcher to come to any specific
conclusion. Apart from that, the researchers have doped the journals and
newspapers, which sometimes carry misinformation and guide the wrong ways,
which is not fruitful for the researcher. There are many comments on social media,
which are basically each individual's ideas and vary from person to person.
Depending on their comment and opinion, allocating the data could be more helpful.

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There are some similar situations in the case of cooled tag data from the journals,
like aim data might not have come before 2018 and seeing that most authentic
information is carried at that time when it is beyond recent years. Many researchers
support these issues as the old data and information have some sequential parts, and
observing over a long time gives the period ideas about the issues. As per the
opinion of Sha et al.,., (2018), it is possible by observing the recent events that occur
after all the data are not given the prep information to the researcher at all. The
newspaper journeys might help the researcher to collect the data, but for the long
term benefits, it does not have any authenticity as the information is viewed by some
people not much. However, there is some information available in the journals that
carry the complete information for the audience and attract the audience in a large
amount. These data are so helpful in analyzing the research process.

Furthermore, the recent data are selected for the fundamental analysis that is
not beyond 2018 and has no disputes. From the perspective of Song et al.,., (2022),
the researcher has to depend on this as there are some barriers in case they choose a
date before 2018, and the work needs to be completed better. Hence, all the data and
information should be collected from the journal and newspapers and try to take that
information that carries the statistical values.

The secondary data collection method is used in this research as primary data
was not required for this study. According to Theofanidis and Fountouki (2018),
primary data increases the validity and reliability of the study. Considering this
statement, researchers need to collect primary qualitative data from a few people,
though considering the primary data is necessary to maintain the validity of the
work. Sufficient secondary qualitative data is used in this study and collected from
reliable sources. This study's most recent secondary data resources are considered
valuable to this work.

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Figure 3.4: Quantitative Research Method

(Source: researchgate, 2022)

3.5 Data Analysis Method

The data analysis method is the roadmap for the researcher by which the
researcher goes to collect all the reliable data for the discussed topic. Some
information is collected that does not give any ideas about the adaptation of the
Bollywood industry movie story from the Shakespearean play. The data analysis
method is held in this sector to identify unknown and relevant information and
remove them from the data collection storage. Apart from that, there are some issues
faced by the research researcher that some of the data needs to be revised by the
fundamental research due to a lack of sufficient information, and the data collection
method makes sure of the aspect and gives the researcher the wrong way. According
to Bell et al., (2021), reliability and validity are essential aspects of research as they
provide the research to work in intensively formal ways. The information collected
from the different journals and newspapers sometimes creates a problem for

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constructively taking the ideas, in that case, the reliability and validity of finding the
fundamental approach to find the information used in the researcher.

It is advised during the data collection that information should flow to

government websites rather than random sites that do not contain author
information. As a result, it creates many problems and issues in evaluating the
research results. The government and famous websites never carry any information,
which leads the audience in the wrong ways. As per the opinion of Wang et al.,.,
(2020), in that scenario, it is the safest way to collect information and data, and
much research supports this aspect. The information from the popular website must
not contain statistical values. However, the researcher has to find in-depth
information to accumulate, and this is only possible in case they are properly active.
Secondary qualitative data must be collected from official government sources and
trusted research organizations. From the perspective of Harder, (2020), all the data
in the research was collected after 2018. The data must be taken from five years
since the research study was conducted. Secondary qualitative data has the potential
to provide researchers to investigate sensitive topics that can provide information to
the researchers at the data collection level. Most important in secondary data is the
flexibility in the ways of collection, and the researcher does not have to use any time
or finance expenses during the data collection phase.

The study's validity tells the actual quality of the sample results and the valid
findings among the individuals not included in the research study. From the
perspective of Nayak (2019), validity tells well and constructive ways to gather the
information and data that are actively helping the researcher in evaluating the
complete research results. On the other hand, reliability is replicable, and the
procedure should be taken on behalf of gathering the information accurately rather
than random picking. The study is about the reliability and validity that is enough to
use the data and carry the complete information for the research. The method is
consistent enough to achieve or measure something. From the perspective of Sun et
al.,., (2021), if the study methods are reliable, the whole procedure should be
accomplished in collecting authentic information and data, which might not hamper
any issues. The entire guideline used in this research is to collect the information

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reasonably. Specifically, individuals should contain correct information; that is the

main aim of collecting the information.

Many steps are included in this data collection method, such as surveys,
observation, interviews, online tracking and social media monitoring. As per the
opinion of Nayak and Narayan (2019), the survey is an essential step in the data
collection to make a questionnaire. People's feedback is collected through the
survey, and this feedback helps to make proper decisions on a particular topic. This
survey is conducted among people directly engaged with the topic or subject. These
participants provide factual data that helps the researchers make effective decisions.
According to Sovacool, Axes and Sorrell (2018), the study's result depends on the
researchers' decision-making process, and accurate data provides the effective
results required in a study. Surveys provide opportunities for the researchers to
collect authentic feedback from the participants engaged with the revolt topic or
subject. Cost is an essential aspect of the survey, and this aspect is to be considered
by the researchers at the time of the survey.

In this study, primary quantitative data is not used to analyze the topic, so a
survey is not conducted for this study. Interviews help the researchers to collect
feedback from the people. This step provides opportunities for the researchers to
gather responses face to face of the people. According to Kelly et al., (2018),
collecting responses is an effective data collection method to find authentic results,
and researchers need effective results from research. This process of collecting
responses from the participants is a highly time-consuming factor. As a result, most
researchers need more time to collect feedback or responses from engaged people.
The experience of the researchers is also a critical point in gathering responses from
people, and this kind of experience helps to reduce time consumption. Time
management is essential for research, and time consumption is necessary for
researchers.

In the interview, time consumption is to be considered by the researchers to

do impactful research. Experienced researchers can reduce the time consumption of
interviews, and the research timeline is maintained, which is required in research. As

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per Moser and Korstjens's (2018) opinion, interviews are primarily used for
collecting primary quantitative data; this kind of data is not used in this research.
Considering this fact, interviews are unnecessary for this study, and the researchers
need to avoid these steps to reduce time consumption. For authentic results,
observation is essential for researchers to consider valid data required in research.
Researchers must consider the facts of observation to improve quality data which
can develop results. Developed research results can make an impactful study which
can get more acceptance from a large audience. This step of the data collection
method is complex, and highly experienced researchers can provide better
observation during data collection.

Researchers have observed data with great attention to make this study
impactful among the audience. According to Stier et al.,., (2020), the behavior of
data is significant in the study and online tracking is used to track the participants.
Tracking helps to identify the participants' behavior, which is an essential aspect of
the research. This critical aspect is impactful in collecting compelling data, which
can make effective results, and researchers can make decisions based on the result.
The participant's involvement with the relevant topic can be tracked through online
tracking, and the involvement of the participants is necessary for research. On the
other hand, online tracking is also essential in collecting secondary qualitative data,
which is used for thematic analysis. In this study, online tracking is used by the
researchers for collecting authentic journals for collecting secondary qualitative
data.

Currently, social media plays a vital role in monitoring facts of society which
are impactful in research. Issues and facts which are considered subjects of a study
are determined by social media. The number of people who are involved with the
issues or topic is to be monitored by social media platforms. As per the opinion of
Chancellor and De Choudhury (2020), researchers can easily monitor any issues or
subjects on social media, and its popularity is also to be monitored. The engagement
of participants is determined through social media monitoring which is necessary for
the researchers to consider the participants for the study. The impact of the issues or
subject is also determined through social media platform monitoring. In this study,

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social media monitoring is essential to understand the impact of Shakespeare's plays

on Bollywood Celluloid. Quantitative and qualitative data collection methods are
available in research methodology, considering their advantages and disadvantages.
High-size samples are considered the most impactful in research, and quantitative
data collection methods provide high-size samples. This high-size sample is required
to make the most effective result and analysis of a study, and researchers need this
kind of data for conducting research. This data collection method allows the
researchers to gather high-size data for impactful research. According to Moser and
Korstjens (2018), time management is an essential aspect of research, and the
quantitative data collection method helps researchers to collect data quickly. This
data collection method is essential for reducing time consumption, and researchers
can rescue time consumption through this data collection method. Random sampling
is highly impactful for finding output results from research. The quantitative data
collection method allows using random sampling to do adequate research. In this
study, the usage of random sampling is neither used due to avoiding quantitative
data collection methods.

The quantitative data collection method is expensive, and as a result, most

researchers avoid using this data collection method to reduce the additional cost of
research. According to Story and Tait (2019), budget-friendly research is always
essential to researchers, so this data collection method is avoided. In many cases,
most of the budget is spent on collecting information, and researchers need help to
afford its cost, which is a downside of this data collection method. Observation is
not able to check the accuracy of the data which are collected from the participants.
In many cases, the validity of results could be more practical due to wrong answers
of the participants, and the researchers must avoid invalid research results.
According to Bungay et al., (2022), the participants' misconceptions lead the
research in the wrong direction, and the researchers need to determine the right way
to do the research. Doubt happens in this data collection method, and researchers
avoid this kind of doubt in a study.

In many random sampling, unnecessary information is misguided, and

researchers must be more guided. This misguide is responsible for additional time

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consumption and cost increase. The study's budget is affected due to this kind of
misguided information, and these disadvantages encourage researchers to avoid this
data collection method. In this research, the quantitative data collection method is
avoided considering these factors of disadvantages. As per the opinion of Lowe et
al.,. (2018), the qualitative data collection method provides a small sample size, and
as a result, the collection of relevant information is more effortless. This easily
accessible information helps to find out results in low-budget research. The
researchers always want to reduce the additional cost of research, and in this data
collection method, the additional cost of collecting information is reduced. The
benefits of this data collection method promote itself to consider for research.
Removing bias from research is significant, and researchers must consider this fact.
Few variables are included in this data collection method, and as a result, these few
variables help to remove bias from the research. The accuracy of research results is
increased due to removing bias from the research. According to Page, Higgins and
Sterne (2019), bias leads research to reduce its accuracy and as a result effectiveness
of the study is decreased among the audience. This data collection method is cost-
effective and takes less time and budget to collect data from sources. Most of the
data are collected from available journals, articles and websites. This kind of
availability helps to collect data which helps to reduce additional costs. Time
consumption is reduced in this data collection method, and this advantage helps
maintain the research timeline. Considering these kinds of benefits of this data
collection method, most researchers use this qualitative data collection method to
gather information for making decisions on the topic.

Opportunities for collaboration are provided to researchers through this data

collection method. Different viewpoints are provided in the data collection method,
and researchers can make deep analyses from these different viewpoints. Deep
analysis is an essential element of research, improving its effectiveness among the
audience. As per the opinion of ALVES et al., (2021), a creative approach is
generated from this deep research analysis, and a creative approach is necessary to
increase its authenticity. The rich quality of results is generated from this data
collection method, and researchers get opportunities to analyze details about the

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study. The benefits of qualitative data collection methods encourage use in research,
and in this research, this data collection method is used.

Primary data are not used in their research work. As a result, mathematical
and statistical analysis tools are not used, such as SPSS, MS Excel and many more.
Richards and Hemphill (2018) stated that data analysis is required to know the
outcomes of the collected data. Data analysis also identifies and finds unknown facts
about the topic. Several themes have been developed, and researchers analyzed the
collected secondary data based on those themes. Secondary data analysis processes
carry a low cost for the overall work and take less time. Considering this analysis
method, it is possible to analyze a large amount of data readily available on the
internet.

Figure 3.5: Qualitative Data Analysis Method

(Source: getthematic, 2022)

3.6 Reliability and Validity

Validity and reliability of research is a concept to consider the quality level
of the research elements. In the research methodology used, techniques and tools are
of high quality for finding accurate results, and this accuracy is determined with the

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concept of validity and reliability. According to Orsini et al.,. (2020), data

transparency is essential to research and validity, and reliability increases data
transparency. This transparency helps to remove bias from the collected data, and
this kind of initiative is needed in research. The data source is essential, and validity
and reliability are considered to check an individual's authenticity. The accuracy of
results comes from factual data, and data transparency determines the data's
authenticity. Physical instruments significantly contribute to research, and
researchers use the instruments to measure the impact of data. The quality level of
the measuring instruments is high, which is to be ensured by the researcher.

Ensuring the high-quality level of the data to determine a high standard

quality level of data is required in research. As per Chang, Gillespie and
Shaverdian's (2019) opinion, data measurement is essential to understand its effect
in making decisions. Using a high level of instruments ensures the impact of data in
decision-making. Errors are found in research, and researchers must remove the
errors from the research. Using high-quality instruments enhances the chances of
occurring fewer errors in research. The errors lead the research to show its effective
result, and often researchers need help finding the impact of the research.

In most cases, researchers still need to find out the relation between variables
and the effectiveness of the study and as a result importance of conducting the study
is decreased. The aim of the conducting study is affected due to errors in research
methodology. Observation is compulsory to quantify phenomena for the research
and development of instruments included in these phenomena.

The quality of research is improved by using better instruments and

enhancing the reliability of results. According to Wickert et al.,. (2021), reliable
results are much more impactful among the audience. Conversely, impactful results
help to make effective decisions on the topic, which can provide opportunities for
better success. Most of the mistakes occur in scale variables, and then mistakes
affect the result of the study. According to Carpenter, (2018), the development of the
used scale is to be ensured, and the researchers need to check the quality of the scale
used to measure variables. The function of research is also affected due to using

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lousy quality instruments in research, and the concern of the researchers is necessary
to avoid harmful effects of the instruments. The authenticity of results depends on
research activities, and researchers must ensure proper functions in research.
Improper functions of research affect the reliability and validity of the result, and the
effectiveness of the study is decreased.

Repeatability of data is to be avoided to ensure high quality of results, and in

most cases, repeatability affects the reliability of the study. As per the opinion of
Hassan and Barber (2021), the decision-making process is affected due to unreliable
research results, which mostly happens for the repeatability of data. The purpose of
conducting the study is also affected due by the unreliable results of the research.
Checking the validity of the information is essential for finding authentic research
results. Identification of sources which are used to collect information is to be
reliable. Researchers must ensure the sources' reliability; this initiative helps to
identify the validity of the information. Enough evidence is needed to support the
sources used to collect information. The bias of the information is an important
aspect, and researchers must ensure bias less information is used in research.

Biased information leads to research differently, and as a result, in most

cases, researchers need to provide adequate results, which can affect the audience.
On the other hand, biased information is responsible for affecting the decision-
making process of the study. According to Aksnes, Langfeldt and Wouters (2019),
the journals' citations are essential to show their reliability, and the researchers must
consider them. Records of authors are essential, and citations are used to show the
records of authors. Reliable journals provide records of authors, and researchers use
these journals to make reliable results. Researchers can make effective decisions
through reliable and authentic results. Discussion and needed information are to be
based on solid evidence. Supporting evidence from books, articles, journals, and
websites is necessary, and the researcher must ensure these parameters when
gathering data.

Peer-reviewed and scholarly journals are needed to collect information used

for analysis. According to Diagne et al., (2020), per-view journals are compulsory in

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gathering data, and this kind of journal provides reliable data. In per-view journals,
high quality of research is maintained, which is essential for research. In this
research study, the quality of journals and articles is maintained. The validity and
reliability of this research are maintained, and for this reason, journals and articles
were not used before 2018.

Reliability and validity concepts are used to evaluate the quality of the
works. As per the viewpoint of DUNBAVIN, (2018), every work needs to maintain
a minimum amount of validity to publish in several journals and articles. Validity
increases the quality of the works and reliability indicates how well methods and
techniques have been used in the study. A valid study can be considered reliable,
though a reliable study cannot be considered a valid study. Valid studies produce
accurate results, and it is considered reproducible content. Validity checks how well
the study results correspond with the existing theories.

3.7 Ethical Consideration

Ethical consideration in research refers to the set of principles that help the
researcher guide the whole research design and practices. These principles include
several aspects, such as the participation of the candidate, informed consent, and
anonymity. Apart from that, anonymity, confidentiality, potentials for harm and their
resulting communication are some crucial aspects that can be understood through
ethical considerations in the research. However, the researcher thinks that the main
principles of ethical consideration should contain autonomy, beneficence, justice and
non-maleficence. From the perspective of Kiani et al.,. (2018), these are the main
aspects of evaluating the research results that accommodate the many pieces of
information. It helps the researcher guide the fundamental research in a specific
direction and meet the gaps skipped during the collection of the information.

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Figure 3.7: Importance of the Ethical Consideration in Research

(Source: Self-developed)

Information or data collected for conducting the research in smoothing ways

might hamper due to insufficient enough, and well-evaluated data and ethical
considerations meet these points aggressively. The importance of ethical
consideration in the research is unexplainable as it serves the information to the
entire research works profoundly and significantly. Per the opinion of Boylan,
(2021), the research needs to promote the impacts like authentic knowledge,
prevention of error and truth that are hired for conducting the research results. Few
opinions support the ethical consideration in favor of the researcher that provides the
data or information more briefly, which is skipped throughout the researcher's work.
From the perspective of Sellars (2019), the information should be scrutinized before
applying it in the research activities as there are some possible errors, and proper
ethical consideration can remove all the obstacles. Apart from that, there are some
parts where more detailed data in research are fully delivered in case these are
filtered through the ethical considerations in advance.

Research ethics are some essential aspects and reasons that help promote the
research's aims, such as knowledge. According to the statement of Jahan (2021), it
also supports the values that are engaged in collaborating the work, such as mutual
fairness and respect that carry top priority as it collaborates the groups and the
research work firmly from the beginning. Information or data which are collected for

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evaluating the research results and guiding the whole process in a definite direction
should be checked by the experienced researcher. From the perspective of Jo (2020),
there are possibilities to contain any errors or misconceptions available on social
media, journals and newspapers. As is considered in starting the research, secondary
qualitative data is taken for finalizing the results, which may contain many errors.
Hence, this information should be checked before being applied in the research
works, and ethics are reasonably performed in this sector and also support the works.
The four principles the researcher should implement in evaluating the results more
briefly are autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice in respect of ethical
consideration. These aspects carry some information and data used in the research
works. As per the opinion of Ubi et al.,. (2020), autonomy in research leads to
higher quality work. It provides ideas to researchers to pick up information that
carries the statistical value conducted in recent times. This information should be
hired from government sites as all the information carries good and right data or
information. According to Everts et al., (2022), it also impacts the growth of the
higher data collection among the researcher by the autonomy process removing the
threats that are misleading the works. In this case, it is seen that the autonomy
process helps the researcher to find the popper information from reliable sites and
more.

Discussing beneficence, the main aim is to protect the participation from

exploitation. Several issues are seen during the research that exploitation on the
particular parts is joint and should be removed and only ensured by the proper
beneficence in the research. From the perspective of Harris, (2021), non-maleficence
is the third most important aspect, and it is considered the most reliable principle
that helps detect harm to individuals and hampers participation in research works.
Research can be completed by removing the many factors, and non-maleficence
ensures this part is more effective. Apart from that, many issues are faced while
conducting the research and non-maleficence helps to remove these parts
aggressively.

Justice is another discussed topic directly related to the ethical consideration

discussion and carries much unknown information about the participants. As per

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Oghounu's (2020) opinion, it helps the researcher to find out the fine selection of the
participants and the distribution of the ideas in the research. Some parts are not
explained well by the explanation, which might contain reliable and authentic
information for the research. Justice in these parts meets these requirements
constructively and delivers authentic results for the researcher. The perspective of
Kubar et al., (2018) also gives the researcher the idea to treat all the participants
equally and unequally. These are the main principles that carry justice in the
research.

The concept of ethical consideration ensures that the benefits of participants

and the participants are compulsory. Ethical consideration is an essential element of
research, which is needed to promote gaining knowledge and preventing errors in
research. The integrity of research is maintained through ethical consideration of
research. Researchers must ensure the dignity, welfare and rights of the participants.
As per the opinion of Henrickson et al., (2020), providing dignity encourages the
participants to participate voluntarily in the research. The rights of the participants
are needed to protect them from the harmful effects of the research. In these articles,
the quality of instruments and sources is maintained to reduce errors in this research.
Ethical consideration is followed by the researchers when conducting this research.
Ethical consideration sets principles for the studies and guides the adopted design
and practices. Dash, (2020) stated that every researcher should follow a code of
conduct during data collection. Candidates should not ask any personal questions to
the selected participants and should be aware of the data usage. This process
maintains ethics within work and increases the validity of the study. Ethical
consideration protects the participants' rights and maintains scientific integrity in the
studies.

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Figure 3.8: Principles those Must be Followed in a Research

(Source: Self-developed)

3.8 Research limitations

Some parts wholly limit the research, and those are explained through these
parts. As per the opinion of Ross et al.,. (2019), the first and foremost thing is time,
as it is familiar and aware among the researcher that time is needed to provide more
scope for collecting the information in depth. More than information or data
collected during the research is needed to accommodate the reliable and authentic
information due to shortage of time. Some parts during the data collection need
more time to bring the correct information for the researcher, but due to the short
time, each individual fails to collect the correct information. The information which
is collected from the government websites provides the correct information.
However, some information selected randomly from the different websites needs to
be more authentic and correct. Any experienced researcher should do the proper
collection, which needs to be included in this research work. It creates problems in
the future and guides the researcher in the wrong ways.

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However, budget is another main issue that limits the researcher's work, and
it is seen that during the collection of data, some websites carry relevant and correct
data but need a subscription. From the perspective of Baig, (2020), more funds or
money is needed to help the researcher accommodate the research information. In
case there are enough funds available, it could benefit the researcher in
accommodating the pertinent information for the research and give a crystal clear
idea of the research data, which are collected randomly rather than from the
available websites. According to the statement of Greener, (2018), information
collected from random websites sometimes guides the research in the wrong way.
However, proper and correct information is the only key to completing the research
in suitable and correct ways. The websites from where data are collated may need to
be corrected. It can be corrected by comparing the information available on the
subscribed website. Hence, these limitations are seen in the research.

Research methodology limitation needs to be identified to determine the

study's weakness. As per the viewpoint of Trapp et al., (2021), most of the
researchers create sampling errors in the sampling methods. In this study, primary
data are not considered. As a result, there are fewer chances in the sampling
techniques. On the other hand, secondary data is considered in this work; it does not
include the opinion of ordinary people about this topic. Including a little primary
data was necessary to increase the study's validity.

3.9 Summary
The discussion concerns ethical considerations, research design approach,
data collection method, and data analysis method. The most discussed topics are
reliability and validity, sampling techniques and, finally, the research limitation,
which guides researchers in finding the research values and results. This chapter
shows the researcher's implantation of the design and data collection methods.
Secondary data collected in this research, which is taken from journals and
newspapers, is explained throughout the discussion. The information or data are
collected randomly rather than on any paid website due to the shortage of money,
and it is explained in the researcher limitation parts. Research work can be more

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modified and sound in case all the data is reliable and give the best insights about
the recent trends, but that could not be done due to the shortage of funds.

Secondary qualitative data are used to conduct the overall work within the
given period. Other than this, there are fewer chances for the researcher to collect
primary data about this topic. Insufficient sample size creates a problem when
analyzing secondary data; it is the most challenging situation in front of the
researcher. The lack of previous research studies creates difficulties in conducting
this work in depth, though the secondary data's availability increases the overall
work's speed.

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Results and Discussion
 Chapter 4
Results and Discussion

This chapter shows the adaptation of Bollywood films like "Maqbool" from
Macbeth, "Omkara" from Othello, Goliyon Ki Rasleela - Ram Leela from "Romeo
and Juliet" and "Haider" from Hamlet. The whole discussion is analyzed briefly, and
the relation of how Shakespeare's play is correlated to the Bollywood film is
discussed throughout this chapter. The primary themes are prepared from each
module to explain each separately. All the movies critically show the contemporary
culture of Indian society based on Shakespeare's play.

4.1 Discussion
The adaptations of Shakespeare's plays Macbeth, Hamlet, Othello and
"Romeo and Juliet" into Bollywood films "Maqbool", "Haider", "Omkara" and
Goliyon ki Rasleela: Ram Leela provide a rich tapestry of cultural, social and
political influences that have shaped and continue to shape contemporary Indian
society. Through the lens of intertextuality and cultural hybridity, these adaptations
demonstrate the fluidity of Shakespeare's text and its ability to be reimagined in new
cultural contexts.

Intertextuality refers to the way in which texts draw upon, allude to, or
reference other texts, and in this case, it highlights the way in which these
Bollywood adaptations draw upon Shakespeare's original plays. These adaptations
are a testament to the enduring relevance of Shakespeare's works and their ability to
resonate with audiences across time and space. The cultural hybridity of these
adaptations, which blends elements of Indian culture with those of Shakespeare's
original text, reflects the ongoing process of cultural negotiation and exchange that
takes place between different cultural groups.

The influence of postcolonial theory is also evident in these adaptations, as

they offer a unique perspective on power dynamics, cultural identity, and the
appropriation of cultural symbols. These adaptations engage with themes such as

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colonialism, nationalism, and cultural identity, and address the ways in which these
themes have shaped Indian society. By recontextualizing these themes within the
context of Bollywood cinema, these adaptations offer a fresh perspective on the
postcolonial experience and its ongoing impact on Indian society.

Finally, these adaptations serve as an example of adaptation as a form of

cultural translation, where the original text is transformed to fit a new cultural
context, while retaining its core themes and message. Through this process of
cultural translation, the adaptations allow Shakespeare's works to continue to reach
new audiences and to have a lasting impact on contemporary society. These
adaptations therefore, not only pay homage to Shakespeare's legacy, but also
demonstrate the ongoing process of cultural negotiation and exchange.

In conclusion, the adaptations of Shakespeare's plays into Bollywood films

offer a rich and nuanced exploration of cultural, social, and political influences, and
demonstrate the ongoing relevance of Shakespeare's works in contemporary society.

4.2 Study of "Maqbool" based on Shakespeare's masterpiece

Macbeth
"Maqbool" (2004), directed by Vishal Bhardwaj and based on Shakespeare's
Macbeth, is considered a critically acclaimed film in the Bollywood industry.
Bhardwaj has transposed Shakespeare's play in the set of 11th-century Scotland to
modern-day India. As per the opinion of Chatterjee, (2022), the whole movie is
targeted mainly to the movie city and the underworld. There are some similarities
between the plot and the play; the Indian adoption makes some exciting changes to
catch the precise attention. As per the opinion of Fernández (2021), Lady Macbeth is
shown by Nimmi, and she loves the "Maqbool", and he is the mistress of the don of
the underworld, named Abbaji. There are many corruption senses shown, like
witches by two corrupt, Birnam Wood becomes the sea, and Soothsaying cops; at
last, Nimmi gives birth to a child at the end of the film (Anthony, 2022).

Bhardwaj's innovation and intentions word the recent transcultural adoption

is commended, and the moral of those structures has been superimposed onto the

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film. In Macbeth, the social network is repented beautifully; Duncan is the king who
is considered God's representative on the earth and refills the worst sins. From the
perspective of Hoydis, (2022), Shakespeare attempts to balance society by this
conception and the universe where "Maqbool" deals with the subculture one must
own by his ethical codes. It is true in the culture, which structures the culture like it
is forced to accept out of fear, not love. The film mainly exposes these ideas that
society has its structure and can sometimes destroy love, more precisely, life.

"Maqbool" (2004) is a film with all the characters and thoughts adapted from
Shakespeare's tragedy Macbeth. This file did not do well in accumulating fun at the
box office, reflecting the critic's delight with reviews from approving the positivity
to idolatry. This film is an outstanding effort and proceeds into the raptures over
Tabu's versatility. The director tries to transpose all things in Shakespeare's play set
in 11th-century Scotland. The plot Jahangir Khan knows more about Abbaji
(Duncan king of the space) and is also a descendant of the underground clan. As per
the opinion of Ghosh, (2018), his power is absolute, and many people are afraid of
his presence in Mumbai. His trusted henchman is "Maqbool", who represents
Macbeth in Shakespeare's play and is brought up by Abbaji.

There are many complications when Nimmi is attracted by "Maqbool"'s

beauty and falls in love. The main problem is Aerie when Nimmi tries to persuade
"Maqbool" to kill Abbaji and seize power, and it is similar in the parallel of Macbeth
when all the clan members turn against "Maqbool" and kill him. However, the film
ends differently from the play, as Nimmi's child is adopted by Samia, who is Abajii's
daughter and her husband.

There is some similarity in both films and plays; Bhardwaj has made many
exciting changes. The film helps to open in front of the audience about the darkness
of the Mumbai underground and its apprehension, reminiscent of Macbeth. The
three witches are replaced by two corrupt horoscope-reading police officers (Played
by Om Puri and Nasiruddin Shah), and these two guys predict "Maqbool"'s power in
advance. These two characters appear more frequently in the film than witches
appear in the play. It suggests that police officers are more suggestive and proactive

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agents who change facilities than the witches who merely predict and do not force
the events.

The rapid fire of sequence events is shown when the camera is taken on
Abbaji, introduces his guns and their code of loyalty, and reveals the connection
between Bollywood, the underground and politicians. Bhardwaj also captures the
general atmosphere of the suspicion and violence that exists in the rival gangs. At
the heart of the plot lies the love story of "Maqbool" and Nimmi Bhardwaj. He has
transformed the ultimate and austere power of Lady Macbeth into the more
passionate and tries to change erotically to the Nimmi (played by Tabu), who both
taunts and cajoles "Maqbool" to act against the mentor. As per the opinion of Hua
(2021), in Macbeth, the conflict lies in the protagonist's vaulting ambition and
loyalty to his king in the film. Shakespeare tries to add the dimension of love in his
play, the commitment that should be over the woman. "Maqbool"'s ambition for the
chief and his passion for loyalty to Abbaji, his mentor. These conflicts are played
out for almost two thirds of the film, which resembles the play of Shakespeare's
play.

The dimension of the film version is the child of Nimmi bears and gives birth
to. In contrast, Shakespeare underlined that Macbeth has no heirs and is jealous of
Banquo as the witches have predicted the Fleances' rise to power. Bhardwaj has used
the child (whose paternity is suspect) in ending the touching of the ambiguous. The
coastal customs offices raid "Maqbool"'s home (here it is in the sea, not in the
Birman Wood and destroy the protagonist). According to Hung (2020) 's statement,
the ambition to become the next king, like "Maqbool" wanting to become the
godfather of the underworld people, Macbeth murders Duncan and takes over the
throne.

Similarly, in the film by Vishal Bhardwaj, "Maqbool" kills Abbaji to catch

his power and try to dominate Mumbai's underground world. However, the mission
is practical as his companies see "Maqbool"'s intention and kill him. In the same
scenario, guilt haunts Macbeth, and he hallucinates the seeds of various spirits that
kill him.

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Macbeth's play is explicitly explained through the "Maqbool" movie, and it

connects the English literature context in the film. As per the opinion of Melander
Bowden (2020), there are multiple cultures, like socio-culture, finely exhibited in
Macbeth's play. The play has taken the absolute essence of the socio-culture for
proper adaptation and exhibition through the "Maqbool" movie. Several problems in
society are conveyed through the film. Macbeth's main plot describes love, marriage,
betrayal, humor, revenge, murder and different kinds of socio-culture are explained.
Shakespeare has defined the play lucidly so the readers can understand the main
plot. The space is all about acquiring a throne for becoming king of Scotland. There
was a king of Duncan in Scotland for the well of its region. Three witches in the
play are finely explaining that Macbeth would become the king of the palace. Per the
witches' prophecy, Macbeth would win the battle and afterwards become king of
Scotland.

There is a particular night Macbeth kills the watchman by serving poison.

Duncan's sons fled from the palace to save their lives and did not protest about the
murder of their father. According to the statement of Keini (2020), Macbeth play
defines the inheritance of property as showing power. There is an absolute depiction
of the play that has been well explained through this "Maqbool" movie.
Shakespeare's plays influenced the people of India as they comparatively matched
India's culture. The play is also attached in arts and dramatic pictographs for its
revelation. The plays are well-expressed for the present situation to correlate with
Shakespearean plays. Many plays by Shakespeare have played an excellent role in
providing thrill and tragedy.

The Macbeth play is adapted for "Maqbool", and this movie is about the
Indian and Pakistan wars to occupy more inheritance of the country. According to
the statement of Melander Bowden (2020), "Maqbool"'s movie explains the comic,
horror and tragedy for good prostration in theater and tragedy for good prostration in
the theater. There is a movie showing the culture of India advancing. This movie
influences the people of India to acquire diverse knowledge of the past and present.
English literature context is so prevalent in controlling Indians for its captivating
plots, and modern culture has to adopt it. Shakespeare is finely embracing its play

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with absolute explanation to understand the population better. Macbeth has become
the king of Scotland as per the witch's suggestion. The witch explains that Macbeth
is the perfect king of the palace for ruling the country. There is an excellent battle
for acquiring all the property for establishing power. Macbeth is the play's central
character as it is the main depiction portion. Shakespeare's plays are also the most
crucial in revealing the present scenario.

The people of India have several ideas about horror, love, revenge, and
betrayal in Shakespeare's plays. As per the opinion of Dangi et al., (2021), there are
various cultural and ethical roles in the population for the revelation of this play
called Macbeth. "Maqbool" movie is also about showing and using power to
dominate others to gain more prosperity. Play is showing self-confidence about the
operation for the best activity. Several plays interlinked with such psychological,
physical and behavior are finely exhibited here for better understanding.
Shakespeare's plays are revealing about the eastern culture that is exclusively
adopted in the Indian movie. People of India are connected with Shakespearean
plays through various procedures. Shakespeare's play is mainly famous for its
English literature subject as well as for sharing experiences about diverse moments
of condition.

Indian movies, for a better understanding of the population, finally adopt the
play of Shakespeare. Macbeth wins the battle by getting thanks from the people of
Scotland for bringing victory.

Macbeth has been called the Cawdor's Thane, an earlier betrayal of the king
of Scotland for killing Duncan and condemning him to death. According to the
statement of Bek-Pedersen (2022), Macbeth was associated with witches to get
support from them. The possible backing of the witch has been provided to Macbeth
to become the king of Scotland. Lady Macbeth was making an effort to make a drink
of Duncan. Duncan was found dead in his chamber, lying down on the floor.
Macbeth kills the king with proper planning as he can save himself. The following
day when everyone would get and see the king was dead. Everybody will claim that
the watchman killed Duncan. A superstition has been found in the Shakespeare play

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to explain the play's main plot. Various dimensions of the play have been observed
for an essential portion of the play.

The starting of imagination of any venture plays a magnificent role in the

movie for good protraction. As per the opinion of Moumoutzis et al.,. (2018), the
play has been given the composition by musicians and written the script for
producing well in theater. The artisan has thrown paintings of the art and picture for
explanation through pictographs. There is a "Maqbool" movie which is a good
adaptation of the crucial plots of the play. The play has been decorating its
characters, explicitly revealing the central portion of the play. Both Macbeth and
"Maqbool" show heroic form in the play and the movie. The murder of Duncan and
Banquo is an all-darkness portion of the play. It has provided an explicit description
of the crime of these two events. Many love and betrayal portions have been
specified in the play for better understanding. The ambition of Macbeth is focused
on becoming king, and hence has to kill the king. Macbeth has to fulfill his desire to
make all the mischief for having an exact position.

The love scene of the play has been shown in the play and the "Maqbool"
movie. There is a critical condition in the love scenario of the play that has been
shown explicitly explaining more understanding among the people. According to the
statement of Zamanzadeh and Rice (2021), the play has been used to make
colloquial and lucid words to gain knowledge about the conveyed portion. The plays
and movies finely explain the current condition of society to bring awareness to the
population. The different platforms and utilities finely define Indian culture. Society
has a diverse culture for improving psychological changes. As per the statement, the
"Maqbool" movie shows the murder of Abba for inheriting its property (2019), the
"Maqbool" movie shows the murder of Abba for inheriting its property, and a
terrible crisis occurs in the film. The cinema is the medium of reaching the
population to teach ethics and morality to develop its culture. "Maqbool" has
committed a severe crime for brutal mischief in the plots. This first was finely
explained by getting about the abstract characteristic feature of "Maqbool".
Shakespeare is finely analyzing humanity for clarity about natural beauty.

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Macbeth has been explaining about hard work and dedication for exemplary
performance in continuation of the heroic role in the play. According to Reimers
(2019), Macbeth's role in the play is to acquire the best position. There is an
excellent portrayal of the more attractive, charming, and beautiful scenario. This
play is appropriately structured to produce unique characteristics of the central
portion of the play. Various procedures have been taken for adding expression and
inserting many things to explain the best aspect of the play's central theme.
Shakespeare is one of the most significant filmmakers in the world and has much
popularity. There was a sacred sacrifice in the nation. The play has much more
strength to create a sound film generation in the theater.

This play mainly focuses on the essential clearance of the play's theme. It is
not based on attracting the audience to watch movies for its excellent design and
decoration. The characters of the movie are well arranged for making the film. The
movie has been made in its language to bring a distinct idea about the central portion
of the movie. There is so much interest in the maiden audience of the film for
providing the more charming essential feature of the movie. The play was written
for a screenplay and presented through theater. According to the statement of
Chaume, (2018), Indian filmmakers have been describing the origin of the context
for proper utilization through it. There are large numbers of characters in the play
that have to be revealed with the appropriate utilization of a few characters in the
film.

The film has to be nicely interpreted in the display of the movie. Characters
are explicitly chosen and curtain the entire theme from the long piece of the play.
The director of movie creation has been given more emphasis on clear concepts and
explicit ideas demonstrated in the movie theater. Filmmakers must focus on the
play's central portion to display in the movie.

The movie has to bring a clear idea of the plots, which have been written in a
foreign language. The display of the film was about demonstrating everyday speech
and vernacular language to get an idea about the play's central theme. From the
viewpoint of Lir (2022), Shakespeare is one of the prominent for making more

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attractive plays as suitable for filmmaking procedures and delicate work of primary
creation of the movie. There are many criteria for the product of film in the Indian
language. People of the country have got the opportunity of watching Shakespearean
plays in the Indian language. There are diverse cultures drawn in different
fragmentations of the period. India is rich in various cultures and civilizations for
upgrading its lifestyle.

It is shown in the play by the death of Duncan by Macbeth. An emotion and

love betrayal was found and finely portrayed in the movie scene to bring life and
animation to real life. Per the opinion of Arakkal, (2020), the movie "Maqbool" was
about the revenge of Jahangir Khan. There was a secret love affair between Macbeth
and her in the film, which also showed the same scenario in the movie. "Maqbool"
provides a particular interest in Indian culture to develop through this fine film
exhibition. The movie's best element in the current situation is easily shown through
the art of the movie. The film provides various dimensions of culture and socio-
activity. The movie adopts multiple elements such as psychological, political,
revenge, love, horror, emotion, and betrayal, which are finely explained by the
movie. The film has provided many types of attraction and conception through this
screenplay, which is witnessed as the subconscious, conscious mind in which the
human being quickly understands the movie's central point.

There are discoveries of the best movie segment for the ethical and moral
aspects. Indian cultural diversity is explicitly explained through movies and
highlights the social issues faced by the population. As per the opinion of Tink
(2021), Macbeth is an absolute portrait of the psychological force for introduction in
the play. Lady Macbeth was planning to kill the king for obtaining and having all the
higher positions in the kingdom. The thought of the lady Macbeth is preparing for
such mischief to suggest to Macbeth. There was a critical relationship in the play
explaining the love affair. There were relationships among them that were
conditional love and provided more complexity in the play. The socio-cultural
element of the population mainly showed the love affair. This movie and analysis
reveal the socio-culture of the present scenario to bring more clarity to the people.
From the viewpoint of Melander Bowden (2020), Indian socio-culture is different

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from the eastern culture, which is shown in the play of Shakespeare for acquaintance
with foreign culture. There is an explicit identification of the foreign culture and the
Indian culture in the Shakespearean play. Lady Macbeth's behavior is different, and
constantly trying to imagine blood is an acute agony and lamentation. This situation
is providing incredible frustration and instability in psychology.

The play depicts various cultures that need to be developed. Culture is

society's backbone, which can lead the nation into a new civilization. According to
the statement of Saikia (2022), the play is all about the psychological concept used
to show depression and agony for leading life correctly. There is a simplification of
the play's morality by creating films that bear magnificent roles in the country. Lady
Macbeth depicts superstition as bringing psychological disorder into the play. The
"Maqbool" movie provides a more superficial understanding of the straightforward
concept of the main scenario of the film. This movie depicts the culture of Mumbai
for delivering a quality message towards the population. There are various critical
aspects for bringing change to the particular theme of the play. "Maqbool" is the
center part of the movie, and Abba ji is the subordinate character producing the film.
The movie portrays the country's culture well to provide awareness among the
people. As per the opinion of Deva, (2022), various types of socio-culture are
revealed in a film bringing suitable environments in the living. The movie shows the
love of "Maqbool", and it clearly connects with the Macbeth and Lady Macbeth
affair in the play. The audience must satisfy the temporary ambition to gain
knowledge from it. The movie provides perfect happiness and provides the ability of
the presence of the mind to survive in health. The function and inspiration have been
supplied for bringing encouragement to deal with all activities. Cultures have been
developed from various sources that the country would have rich in the sound
management of proceeding.

Shakespeare is a crucial depiction of play for amplifying diversity of culture,

and the political situation has been providing favorable conditions. According to
Arakkal, (2020), there is a basic variation between the play and the film, which is
clearly expressed in the marital relationship in the play. The Macbeth play is finely
exhibited about witch hypothetical and superstition, which provides horror situations

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in the play. There needs to be more clarity about the disruption of literature for its
authenticity and properly revealing context. There are many differences between
"Maqbool" and Macbeth in showing culture.

Vishal Bhardwaj tried to access the female character in his famous film
"Maqbool". The Bollywood adaptation of Macbeth is based on the Indian
environment. This is why the "Maqbool" character has been illustrated as a gangster
in Mumbai. Irfan Khan, a Bollywood actor, played the character "Maqbool". The
film was set as a thrilling, tragic movie with complex characters. Nimmi is the most
complex character in this movie, played by Tabu. This female character is played in
a fantastic and very realistic way by Tabu. In the original novel, Lady Macbeth has a
dual personality. The character is trapped in an endless depth of the psycho bottom.
Therefore, psychoanalysis of different activities played by Nimmi can help to
understand and evaluate the character.

Figure 4.9: Three Lead Characters of "Maqbool"

(Source: Self-developed)

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Psychoanalysis is a study to evaluate the inner behavior and feelings of

humans. As per the psychoanalysis concept of Sigmund Freud, the human being is a
slave of passion, desire, conflict and fear (Thahir and Hidayat, 2020). Various
elements of human personality, such as ego, attitude, identity, and self-respect, play
significant roles in encouraging human beings in passion, fear, desire and conflict. Id
is the primitive part of the mind that has an innate intensive impulse and comes from
hunger, sex and thirst. Id can lead anyone to unwillingly do any activity without
considering its consequences. The character Nimmi in "Maqbool" is found to have
an id, and she cannot control her physical hunger and thirst. Superego is the belief of
a person regarding social and moral values. Superego is an ideological part of
anyone‗s personality that represents the preconscious mind of humans. The ego is
the outcome of the id, representing the transition of the unconscious mind to the
conscious mind.

Figure 4.10: Various Elements of Human Personality

(Source: Self-developed)

Nimmi in the movie "Maqbool" is not similar to the romantic heroine of

Bollywood. Nimmi comes to Mumbai to become an actress. This is a desire that led
her to marry Abbaji or Jahangir Khan. Nimmi did not like Jahangir Khan, so she was
deeply frustrated and had no option but to return home. Nimmi has realized that
being the mistress of a person whose age is similar to her father is disgusting. She

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wanted more from her husband because of the age gap. Nimmi does not like the
repulsive naked look of Zahagir Khan (Maitra & Mukherjee, 2020). "Maqbool", a
gangster within the gang led by Abbaji, is the point of attention of Nimmi. Nimmi
finds her love in "Maqbool" and forces him to accept her love.

Her forcing activity can be observed when she takes "Maqbool" to gunpoint.
This way of approaching a man within Indian culture reflects the high level of desire
and frustration of Nimmi. The gun symbolizes the sexual power and desire of
Nimmi over "Maqbool". Her gunpoint to "Maqbool" made him helpless, and he
accepted her love. With extra care and sexual desire, she has been able to manipulate
"Maqbool" and accept her approach to murder Abbaji (Mendes, 2018). Nimmi
triggered "Maqbool" to murder his owner and Don of the area, Jahangir Khan. This
approach provides evidence that Nimmi suffered from many arrogant desires and
jealousy. Finally, after the murder of Abbaji, "Maqbool" becomes involved in an
internal conflict regarding the biological father of her child (Sharma et al.,., 2022).
Doubt of "Maqbool" for Nimmi was one of the triggering factors of her death.
Nimmi knows that her child‗s biological father is "Maqbool", but she cannot make
this trustable to "Maqbool".

"Maqbool" is a set of criminal worlds and activities in modern-day Mumbai.

This film shows the father-son relationships between "Maqbool" and Abbaji. The
relationship becomes a conflict when "Maqbool" murders Abbaji by being
manipulated by his beloved wife of Abbaji, Nimmi. The film illustrates the
forbidden love between "Maqbool" and Nimmi. Sexual desire has been found to
play a significant role in the love consequence of "Maqbool", Nimmi and Abbaji
(Kowsar & Mukherjee, 2021). The film described a difference between love and
desire to be the successor of any kingdom. "Maqbool" is driven to kill Abbaji both
for his love and his future position of becoming the Don of the area. The proper
successor of the underworld kingdom led by Abbaji was Guddu, who had entered
the Abbaji by marrying his daughter Sameera. Therefore, uncertainty regarding the
position of leaders and love instigated "Maqbool" to kill Abbaji just before the
wedding ceremony of Guddu and Sameera (García-Periago et al., 2018). On the
other hand,

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Nimmi‗s hatred towards Abbaji has also been a triggering factor in

manipulating "Maqbool" to kill Abbaji.

Figure 4.11: Key Driving Factors of Abbaji’s Murder in "Maqbool"

(Source: Self-developed)

Nimmi feels repulsed by the shabby appearance of Abbaji. Additionally, the

weird sisters convey an essential piece of information that Abbaji killed his own
boss to lead the gang and become the head. Thus, "Maqbool" decided to kill his boss
to head the gang. The second half of the film has been observed as in the plot of
Macbeth. For example, the disappearance of Banquo in Macbeth is portrayed
similarly to the disappearance of Guddu and Kaka in a gang meeting (BURNETT,
2020). "Maqbool" becomes visually disturbed when he finds Kaka as a living
person, even after his death. Imaginary bloodstains provide evidence of an obsessive
mindset of "Maqbool".

Adapters can access the license to change or modify the source text
according to the new geographical or cultural settings. In the case of Macbeth, it is
interesting to observe how various adapters have reworked the play to summarize
the ending. The ending presented by Bhardwaj neither goes with complete order or
not absolute chaos (Javed, 2021). The setting of the movie was the underworld of
Mumbai. Therefore, it can be difficult to suggest a movement from anarchy to order

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at a social level, but this is possible at a personal level. Transcending humanity over
gang rivalries and personal conflict is shown in the film when Nimmi‗s newborn
baby is taken care of by Guddu and Sameera.

The plot of this movie suggests that the cruelest acts do not come from
expected people in life. It always comes from the unexpected. This perception is
quite apparent regarding knowing that Abbaji killed his boss to grab power. Abbaji
did not expect that "Maqbool" could kill him for the same reason. The texture
decoration in "Maqbool" by Bhardwaj uses various visual strategies (Hussain et al.,
2021). For example, cooking food for the guest can be taken into consideration,
which has been played by "Maqbool" one day before the murder. "Maqbool"
hallucinates that blood splash comes from the cauldron just a little before the
murder. On the other hand, the prediction of the policeman about rain is highly
unusual for the climate. This prediction creates a suitable tense atmosphere just
before the murder of Abbaji.

The chaos enhances the intensity of the moral order in the natural order. The
use of some Bollywood conventions in "Maqbool" by Bhardwaj must be avoided as
a matter of choice. The general atmosphere of violence and suspicion has been
captured by Bhardwaj (Shrestha, 2020). The tempestuous nature of Lady Macbeth is
illustrated as a more passionate Nimmi. She has influenced and taunted Maqubool to
act against his owner. The intention of killing Abbaji has grown with the ambition of
"Maqbool" to become the chief and love Nimmi. Shakespeare has underlined that
Macbeth does not have any successor. Bhardwaj has used the child to create the
ending ambiguous.

Similarities between the play and the film are evident in the famous opening
scene with the witches and their predictions. The banquet scene and hallucinations
of Nimmi and "Maqbool" are also remarkable in providing evidence of similarities.
The director made Nimmi a character who sufficiently increases her manipulative
and wicked nature (Burgute et al., 2019). Nimmi is seductive and menacing but
keeps an innocent look on her face. The character played by Tabu is more heinous.

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Nimmi uses her sexual control over "Maqbool" and plants the seed of murder in his
head. She takes the love of "Maqbool" as a way to take revenge on her husband.

A significant constant of "Maqbool" found in the movie is that he is

aggressive. This aggressive nature could lead him to violence ("Haider", 2021).
"Maqbool" could strangle anyone who went against his wishes, whether it was the
police officer or minister who taunted him. The aggressive nature of "Maqbool" can
be seen when he slaps over Nimmi, saying that he is the father of the child and not
Abbaji. "Maqbool"'s criminal aptitude responded immediately to repressing desires
for his lost object.

The film successfully depicts the Indian underworld nature by highlighting

the conscious mindset and desires of the gangsters. Through the film, the audience is
transported to the way of life and ideologies of Muslims in Mumbai (Arakkal,
2020). Additionally, the film has shown the visual strategies taken by Bhardwaj to
show the hallucinations and blood textures. This way of presenting the film is
accurate and can grab the attention of crime plot lovers.

4.3 Study of "Omkara" in the light of Othello

The plays and novels of Shakespeare influenced several film directors and
various filmmakers all over the world. It is observed that there are several movies
and feature films created by several filmmakers in different languages. Apart from
that, tragedy, thrill, passion, lust, and sin are the characteristic features of the
Shakespearean play that attract all directors worldwide. There are several
adaptations of Shakespearean novels in Bollywood: "Omkara" movie based on
Othello, and Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Ram Leela is based on one of the famous and
most renowned plays of Shakespeare, "Romeo and Juliet" (Mandal, 2021).
Therefore, the storyline of Shakespearean novels attracts not only all the directors
but also the viewers.

Vishal Baharadwaj is one of the names in Bollywood best known for

creating "Maqbool", "Omkara" and other quality movies. It is observed that, in the
movies of Bhardwaj, the plays of Shakespeare still need to be fully adopted. As per

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Bhardwaj, his movies still need to be fully copy pasted from the Shakespearean
novel. Indian culture, stigma, prejudices, mid-set and, most importantly, dirty
politics are included in his movie. Visahal Bhardawaj cast Kareena Kapoor as the
role of Dolly Mishara. Dolly is a female protagonist based on the character
Desdemona (Mandal, 2021). Apart from that, a racial conflict had arisen due to the
highly fair skin of the actress. The character of Dolly in the movie is an educated girl
who leaves her social designation, sacrificing her comfort for love.

This film shows the unconditional love between Dolly and "Omkara". As
mentioned above, Shakespearean novels are full of suspense, thrill, passion,
betrayal, lust and so on. In the case of this movie, it is observed that Dolly is a
woman who left all of her hobbies, comfort, and family for unconditional love.
However, in return, only betrayal, fake promises and injustice get (Das, 2018). The
contemporary European culture and the mindset depicted in the novel Shakespeare
still need to be fully adopted in Bollywood. Adjusting the European characters in the
Indian context is challenging, and Bhardwaj and Sanajay Leela Bhansali are gainers.
Mixing the storyline according to the character is significant.

The play Shakespeare is unique with their famous soliloquies. As per the
opinion of Shet (2022), Indian interaction with Shakespeare is a pivotal episode in
the history of Indian textual translation. Shakespeare's Othello is referred to as
Tran's creation itself. The soliloquies of Othello before killing his beautiful wife are
too poetic. According to Dhara (2022), adaptation is changing to suit a new
situation. Therefore, the film adaptation shifts or borrows a particular part from the
story. As far as the Bollywood industry is concerned, many movies are based on
several literary works. Over 450 years of his demise, his works still inspire several
generations of filmmakers. Vishal Bhardwaj is known for his admiration of the
works of William Shakespeare.

This is observed that Vishal Bhardwaj‘s film largely stays away from rivalry,
and this is ultimately focused on human rights, societal perspective and so on. Poetic
freedom is a concept that is an exciting factor in Shakespeare's films (Dhara, 2022).
The cinematic adoption of William Shakespeare is frequent in the film industry. This

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is observed that the work of Shakespeare initially found a way into Indian silent
movie script. It is identified that Bhardwaj not only appears in modern India but also
speaks their native language. "Maqbool", "Omkara" and "Haider" these three movies
exhibit the Shakespearean character in evident cultural settings. As mentioned
above, the films showcase India's aesthetics and diverse culture. Therefore, the
director integrates the local flavor of language and tradition. The story of Othello
depicts the situation of Western Uttar Pradesh.

In the movie "Omkara", the script of the entire film consists of more
similarities with the play script. The movie "Omkara" is also indispensable for the
political scenario in the film. A soldier that is Othello, and a strong man that is
"Omkara", both protect their political leaders. According to Dhar (2020), both the
characters of Othello and "Omkara" are highly regarded in their social circles and
looked down upon by few people around them. In the case of Othello Brabantio,
Iago, Roderigo, and the movie "Omkara", Raghunath, Langda Tyagi, and Rajju
Tiwary do not believe that both Othello and Omakara do not demand a commanding
social status. It is identified that in the play, Desdemona is attracted towards Othello
by hearing his bravery. On the other hand, Dolly does not fall in love with "Omkara"
after hearing any brave news.

This is observed in the film when Dolly is engaged with Rajju, which makes
her so unhappy; therefore, Dolly tries to commit suicide. Again instead of senseless
authority, this is observed that Roderigo wishes to exercise over Desdemona's life
(Dhara, 2022). Both the characters Desdemona and Dolly are considered
romantically developed people. Apart from that, one of the crucial factors is
identified that Sexual conflict is one of the dominating factors in the Bhardwaj's
adoption. Hence, this is observed that Langda exploits Rajju's fancies for Dolly and
her sex appeal to make "Omkara" believe that she has a sexual relationship with
Kesu. Therefore, it is observed that Bhardwaj displays a relatable female character
in his Shakespearean adoption.

Indian context, culture, prejudices, love of women, devolution and socio-

political condition are extensively highlighted in Bhardwaj's film. Several types of

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conflicts and racism may arise, but the way Bhardwaj depicts every character is
appreciable. The way Bhardwaj casts every actor is also exciting, and every casting
gains huge appraisal from the audiences. Therefore, the cinematic adaptation of
Shakespeare is frequent in Bollywood and other film industries.

Shakespeare is one of the best play writers in the world as his play is
prevalent in the present and contemporary India for their excellent portrayal.
According to Song (2021), Othello is one of the best revelations for political activity
in contemporary India. "Omkara" shows the political stability of Uttar Pradesh and
nicely explains its condition in recent times. This movie is about issues of corrupted
political activities that would be removed. Shakespearean plays are so significant in
Indian movies for showing in the theater. The movie is a fine exhibition of socio-
political and different factors that are highly applicable to daily activity. Many facts
resemble the play for excellent depiction. The stage performance of Othello inspires
the people of India, and it influences the Indian people.

"Omkara" shows the political factor as how it is polluted through various

misleading conduct. According to the statement of Song (2021), "Omkara" reveals
the socio-culture of the contemporary in India. There is an excellent exhibition of
the families' acute problems in that period. Othello also shows the same problem
faced by the family when Shakespeare was writing this play. There was a stage
performance revealed as Desdemona was killed. The play highlights socio-culture
and socio-political factors for touching the human mind for its nuanced depiction.
Othello reveals more splendid and charming plots that draw the audience's attention.
The movie can help the population to acquire knowledge about its main plot. The
movie is done by local language translation to help the audience understand the
movie's concepts. A socio-culture was highlighted about the patriarch that was
followed at the time of the play written.

Shakespeare's play brings merriment and joy as the reader can proceed to
read the play. The plays are charming and reflect the recent issues in society. Per the
opinion of Song (2021), Othello is so thrilling and excellent for the audience to
enjoy its theme. The playwright touches the hearts of people and gains plenty of

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fame. Foreign plays are the production and richness of foreign culture introduced
through Bollywood. Bollywood is a medium of reaching the population with its
production of movies. The movie is to launch with the translation of the local
language so every person may understand the theme and main plot of the play.

The play plays a significant role in the movie for showing love and marriage
in contemporary India. India has a large number of Shakespearean plays that are so
crucial to Indian movie composers. Shakespeare's plays are attractive and filled with
romance, tragedy, and ridicule. This play is filled with various dimensions, such as
love, marriage, and political and social activity in that period. According to the
statement of Parveen (2019), "Omkara" is revealing the numbers of socio-culture
through the show in the theater. A movie is a medium of reaching people to bring a
better understanding of the concepts and activities in the recent. There are various
types of culture in India, which need to bring harmony for better livelihood in the
society. Unity is seen in the diversity to bring more peace and harmony to the
country. The foreign context influenced the people of India as it was an exhibition of
play.

Shakespearean plays are more attractive towards the audience for extreme
portrayal in theater. Indian movie production is helped by the Shakespearean play
for bringing more splendidness, which plays a significant role in attracting the
audience. From the viewpoint of Song (2021), the play has to be rewritten to
produce the best movie for the audience. Othello is a powerful portrayal of political
factors for revealing more complexity about political conditions in that period. This
movie was about a powerful Grandfather who had immense influence by political
power as that individual had to put him in jail. As per the opinion of Bhatt, (2020),
political corruption is detrimental to society in various ways. "Omkara" shows the
identification of corruption in the political segment in the movie. The movie is
crucial for bringing about the best political show. Bollywood movies play an
important role in changing the population's mindset about bringing peace and
harmony to society. India has many local playwrights for making the best highlight
the country's present situation with vernacular language.

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There is a portrayal of socio-culture as marriage was arranged from the

family member's decision. "Omkara" reveals arranged marriage hence the movie
shows love and affection. The play reveals marriage, love and affection for the
beloved, and the Shakespearean play is rich in melancholy and love expression. The
local language is the best procedure for reaching the population with an attractive
and charming plot. The movie has achieved growth in Indian theater for its delicate
production. Various plays have been converted into the local language to express
certain morals and ethics. According to the statement of Shet (2022), "Omkara"
reveals love, romance and jealousy for their activity in the play. The play's various
segments, such as love, jealousy, and betrayal, specifically emphasize the
population's livelihood. Movies and plays are the mirrors of present and future
generations for collecting ideas about the lifestyle of people for providing more
clarity.

"Omkara" is a portrayal of Uttar Pradesh that has more opportunities to

present its political calamity in that period. As per the opinion of Bhatt, (2020), the
political condition is crucial in the nation for bringing lucidity and simplicity of
livelihood. Uttar Pradesh politics was so much corrupted by doing an illegal activity
that has been shown in the movie. "Omkara" is a prominent actor in the movie
leading to corruption and illegal activity. "Omkara", this character, does not serve
the state and has stopped the election in illegal ways. The election is a central
component of a state to bring development in various sectors to comply with a better
lifestyle. "Omkara" is a character who has also revealed his love and affection in the
movie. There are several dimensions of the movie, which is the best show for
Indians.

The movie is a good show that represents the current scenario of Uttar
Pradesh. The movie is the best revelation of attacks on various government sectors
such as railways, hospitals, and parliament assembly; all these are realistic
presentations through this movie. According to the statement of Dhara (2022),
"Omkara" has revealed the bombing and using various equipment for making more
corruption of political activity. The political factor can change the condition of the
state, its motion, and its activity. The movie provides a more expanded scenario of

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Uttar Pradesh to get a clear idea about the calamity of politics. Various significant
activities must follow every individual to bring peace and calmness to the nation.
Shakespearean plays are a fine interlink in the present situation and have more
influence in India. The play has been used for a new creation of Bollywood movies.
Othello is a more splendid play for producing attractiveness for drawing attraction
towards foreign play. Shakespearean plays are translated into local languages to help
all audiences.

Othello shows affection through a handkerchief given to Cassio as a sign of

love. There is a handkerchief that has fallen in the dining room. The problem arises
in the loss of the handkerchief provided to Dolly in the play. Play is most attractive
and charming in the proper exhibition to reveal all the scenarios for winning the
audience's minds. According to the statement of Sharma et al.,. (2022), Indian
tradition is shown in the Othello portrayal. Various plays are a satisfactory
explanation of the Indian traditional interlinks age. The play has provided enough
socio-culture to enhance a new phase of lifestyle. Plays produce multidimensional
roles to bring certain knowledge of previous ideas. The movie was about the best
lesson for the population. Movies have been showing traditional activities for the
Indian population at certain times.

The Indian people influence the movie as it provides many national moral
and ethical segments. There are many translated plays in Indian languages to get
more opportunities to read every one. Plays reveal through visual and digital
mediums to reach the people. There have been many chances for the Indian people
to get et al.,l types of play. The play has been nicely shown in the movie, which is
the easiest way to reach people. Various cultures have been amalgamated in recent
times. Diverse cultures have adopted various habits and activities.

Playwrights have been providing accurate life reflections in their plays to

bear more splendid exhibitions. The play provides a path for leading a new lifestyle.
Many Indian plays also provide nuanced portrayals to bring more awareness among
the audience of the present situation. The Geographic portion is lacking in the play

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as it shows the livelihood lifestyle. Play is a fine exhibition of real-life statistics for
better implementation.

According to the statement of Bhatt, (2020), "Omkara" is an acceptable

translation of Othello that provides a set of a new time. A love film shows so much
affection for having certain scenes and emotions presented. Shakespeare's play has
been witnessed for explaining more tragedy and has a charming presentation which
can quickly bring more thrills to the audience. Various issues have been highlighted
in this play. The play has been providing more captivating plots that attract the
reader and make them enjoy reading.

The movie has an extreme portrayal of providing suggestions on how to

upgrade and change people's behavior. The play Othello has different aspects of
"Omkara" that cannot match. The movie is slightly different from Othello as both
are not producing the same aspect. Plays' plot has been arranged in a highly proper
manner that the people can easily understand. As per the opinion of Song (2021),
Othello portrays revenge in the play, which Shakespeare finely explains. The play
has revealed manipulation and misunderstanding of feelings. Movies have mainly
been shown about present conditions that bring distress and lamentation to their
lives. Many real-life problems must be explained through the stage programme,
often introduced in the theater. The play shows much revenge that has to be
explicitly explained to the reader for a better reflection of real life. Many movies
present the Indian background for a better understanding of India.

The Indian teaching method has been adopted through the movie and shown
in the theater. The movie has been produced for the teacher and student's benefit to
acquire a brief idea about a particular study promptly. According to the statement of
Bhatt, (2020), "Omkara" has been providing multiple ethics and morality for leading
more successfully. The people must learn various new lessons to improve the culture
of modern livelihood. The population has chosen the best option of watching movies
to gather innovative concepts for improving their lifestyle. Play shows the most
attractive segments that have been shown about animated and natural life mobility
highlighted enormously. Othello is not considered a typical play, and "Omkara" has

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innovated a new musical idea for a fine exhibition of love scenes. This movie has
enormously shown love plots with the addition of charming tunes to enhance the
quality of the movie.

The movie has explicitly produced a fine exhibition of violence in Uttar

Pradesh that has been given more importance for changing mindset. As per the
opinion of Dhara (2022), politics is the backbone of a nation which can provide its
proper strategy to flourish in the nation. The political factor is the most significant
for changing human lifestyle. The movie has finally shown the imbalance of
political conditions. Previous days are popular with the stage performance for
bringing better connection with every person in the country. Movies can be an
example of providing new ideas to audiences for a better understanding of the
present scenario of the country. There is much relevant and irrelevant political
turmoil that has to be shown in the play named Othello. The movie provides and
suggests the rectification of regulations and laws of the country in order to provide
peace and stability.

The "Omkara" has been revealed about the play and the domestic tragedy
and provided a revenge scene at the end. As per the opinion of Parveen (2019),
political stability power can provide more effort to change lifestyle and enhance
personal motivation through political activity. There are various similarities in the
play, and "Omkara", who provides a more vivid portion of the play, was a
Shakespearean tragedy that is significant in the play. The play has been mainly
focused on the various cultures and has to focus on improving their lifestyle by
adopting all these new concepts.

Shakespearean plays have shown tragedy and love affairs and attraction for
each other. The culture of India is attached to many diverse cultures outside India.
From the viewpoint of Rana (2022), the population's culture is an essential
component of the recent time. Various cultural amalgamations have been destroying
the original culture of the country. The culture of India has been well designed as it
has several cultures. The play has many different characteristics for highlighting and
showing various manners. The movie reveals the present scenario of India as

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different sources of politics pollute it. India has been showing all the weaknesses of
political factors in the movie.

According to the statement of Shet (2022), the last Song of the "Omkara"
movie is jag ja (that means wake up). The movie presents various occasions, and
plays have also brought multiple characteristics. There are various tragedies, such as
the death of a couple in the play, to bring about the conclusion. The play is about a
love affair that is slowly bringing up revenge for a misunderstanding. The present
life scenario is also bearing an impact in various ways. There is a misunderstanding
between Dolly and "Omkara" in the movie. "Omkara" was so angry that Dolly killed
her on the wedding night. The play and movie show a clear picture of life and ethical
segments in the play.

There are many plots in the play for a nuanced portrayal of the actual
scenario of Shakespeare's play. According to the statement of Bhatt, (2020), the
movie "Omkara" shows the Hindu religion adopted for every ceremony and feast.
The play shows specific concepts of religion and the livelihoods of the people. The
play provides vivid and animated ideas for proper ways to change lifestyle. There
are many acceptable scenarios of the play that the population has influenced to get
more pleasure from the play. The play reveals socio- political and culture of the
population to bring better prosperity in recent times. Play brings diverse changes in
culture, behaviors and political factors of real life. The people of India show a
significant change in doing certain activities. The play brings an enormous change in
human life by providing a specific explanation of play through movies. Movies have
been given more importance in India for showing ritual ceremonies. India follows
various ritual ceremonies to sustain their suitability. The nation is full of various
cultures and practices different ritual conditions for providing a choice option for the
population.

The religious condition in the movie is Indian culture for bringing a more
attractive population. The movie shows a priest and pandit mentioned in the play.
The marriage ceremony has shown Indian cultural development. Movies have a
medium for presenting massive culture, which has been more efficient for Indian

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people. India has been adopting the immense foreign culture, and India needs to
develop. Indian ritual has been mixed with different cultures, and foreign cultures
differ from other nations. According to the statement of Ali (2021), Indian culture is
shown in different movies to bring a massive change in the thought of Indian people.
The people of India have been affected by its deeds, activity, and influence in the
recent tradition of providing a modern lifestyle. Various movies have provided
morality and ethical concepts to develop in the movie.

The audience finds various portions in a proper sequence to bear a proper

perception of the movie. Vernacular language movies for the best cultivation of new
thoughts and ideas influence the Indian people. Indian movies have been well-
exposed to providing the best ideology. A movie has been provided to convey all
relevant segments of Indian culture. Most of the population has been influenced by
movies as they are a good visualization and pictograph for better understanding.
Several movies show that socio-culture is different from real life. The political scene
of the movie is less relevant as the actual life utilization of politics is entirely
different.

There are many hypothetical scenes shown in the "Omkara" that make it
more attractive and charming. The people of India show much attraction to movies
and addiction to watching movies. People are touched by the Indian movie and have
applied it to their lifestyle. As per the opinion of Dhara (2022), different
characteristics in Othello provide a complete sense of the play. Music provides more
emotion, and the tune bears the attention of the movie. Several senses are
represented in the movie, some are needed in real life to implement, and other
hypotheticals have been provided as unrealistic. "Omkara" teaches the Indian
population that people would not make any political turmoil by destroying human
life. Othello provides a similarity to "Omkara" for fine exhibition. There are
different cultures from different regions that have to be revealed in a single movie.
At the film's beginning, the villain, Langda Tyagi, is introduced through his
unbalanced walk. The complete environment of the film is based in Uttar Pradesh.
The film ends with dressing, hot blood and slang language. The director has focused
on representing society through hot blood, the characters' dress, and Uttar Pradesh's

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village language. Therefore, Uttar Pradesh Culture is presented in this film (Bhatt,
2020). Many superstitions have represented the designation of UP culture. An
example of this superstition is "Omkara" leaving the Haldi ceremony halfway.
Leaving the Haldi ceremony is an indicator of uncertainty in marriage. The scene
where an eagle is flying with a dead snake is also depicted as a symbol of
uncertainty and risks. The dead snake falls into the bowl of Haldi for Dolly.

Langda Tyagi gets an idea to link Dolly with Keshu in his son's birthday
ceremony. Langda encourages Rajju to evoke the relationship between Keshu and
Dolly to "Omkara". This link is similar to the link between Cassio with Desdemona
in Othello. The way that "Omkara" doubted the physical relationship of Keshu with
Dolly is similar to the doubt of Othello on the relationship of Cassio and
Desdemona. In the original context of Othello, the historical backdrop of the
military conflict between Turkey and Vietnam has been used by Shakespeare (Dhar,
2020). To align this concept, Bhardwaj has used the political scenario of Uttar
Pradesh. "Omkara" was made by Bahubali, which was against the expectations of
Langda Tyagi. In both contexts, the disaster has come from the political conflict and
affected personal lives. Social affairs and political conflict played the most
influential role in creating the disaster.

Figure 4.12: "Omkara", an Adaptation of Shakespear’s Othello

(Source: Pulugurtha, 2020)

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Kesu tries to teach English songs to please. This activity can create a thought
in "Omkara"'s mind about the affair of Kesu and Dolly. The feelings and emotions
of the characters have been illustrated by presenting meaningful songs. These songs
are constructed with meaningful lyrics and music that can grab the audience's
attention. The audience can feel the emotion and pain of the characters from the
song; Naina thag lenge means these eyes will fool you. Presenting songs in the right
situations is a unique technique the director uses to visualize the story and its intense
pain (Chatterjee, 2022). For example, the title track, "Omkara", is presented to
introduce the character of "Omkara". The third song of the film, O Sathi re
demonstrates the love and comfort between "Omkara" and Dolly. Songs are used in
the film to move the plot, whereas Shakespeare used songs in Othello to depict the
characters' feelings.

In Othello, the handkerchief resembles the symbol of love between Othello

and Desdemona. On the other hand, in "Omkara", the handkerchief has been
replaced with a Kamarband that "Omkara" says is Pushtaini, which the family's
daughter-in-law only possesses. The kamarbandh or handkerchief is not merely the
objective used in the drama, but they play a distinct character to bring a twist in the
climax. The handkerchief and Kamarbandh represent the fidelity of Desdemona and
Dolly (Pulugurtha, 2020). The characters in "Omkara" and Othello are essentially
the same (Nae, 2018). The decisions taken by Desdemona and Dolly represent that
they are brave women to take decisions independently about their love and life.
However, ritual and race are given the central focus in the movie. The case system
and race in India are partially presented in the movie. The Caste of Desdemona
belongs to the upper class of society.

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Figure 4.13: List of Songs in "Omkara"

(Source: Self-developed)

Similarly, Dolly in "Omkara" belongs to the Brahmin caste. "Omkara" or

Omi Shukla is a Dalit, whereas Othello is a moor. Half-caste "Omkara" decides to
marry Dolly but their ego clashes. Dolly's father warns "Omkara" to leave Dolly.
Otherwise, he will declare Dolly a betrayed daughter. The presence of a British
accent in the movie indicates the difficulties of village women in pronouncing
English with a British accent. In one of the scenes, Kesu is trying to teach Dolly how
to pronounce the bottom, and Dolly always needs to pronounce the term in a British
accent correctly. This incident shows the lack of interest of Indian people in
correctly pronouncing English words.

At the end of this movie, political, social and personal conflicts reach their
height and do not resolve. In one of the scenes, a slight touch of feminism is found

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in the conversation between Imli and "Omkara". Imli talks about Indian married
women who are unhappy with their family's decisions and escape with their loved
ones. At the movie's end, Othello and "Omkara" are treated differently. In Othello,
Iago is arrested by the authorities, and Othello kills himself.

On the other hand, in "Omkara", Langda Tyagi is killed by Imli (Shafiq &
Anwar, 2020). "Omkara" first killed Dolly after being sure about their love affair of
Dolly with Kesu. However, after realizing his mistakes, "Omkara" killed himself
with a gunshot. In Indian society, the husband is treated as God and holds supreme
importance.

Imli decided to kill her husband on the concept of Maa Durga, who killed her
husband, Asur. Langa Tyagi as a villain was not similar to the idealized type of
villain commonly seen in Bollywood movies. Langda Tyagi holds morals and ethics
to attack anyone. An approach to feminism can be found in Imly when she decides
to talk about her husband's guilt and kill him. At the end of "Omkara", the Langda
Tyagi and "Omkara" are found to regret their decisions. However, Langda Tyagi did
not expect to be killed by her wife.

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Figure 4.14: Character Comparison of "Omkara" and Othello

(Source: Self-developed)

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"Omkara" can be interpreted as one of the family tragedies in Bollywood

movies. The adaptation of Shakespeare‗s Othello differs from the main storyline in
many aspects. The setting of "Omkara" is different from Othello. The entire film is
based on a village in Uttar Pradesh. The director has changed the setting of Othello
in local areas to show the political rivalries in the villages of Uttar Pradesh. The film
highlights the reality of contemporary India and power- play intentions of the local
gangs. The director has modified a lot of the characters in this film. "Omkara" by
Omi Shukla is played by Ajay Devgan.

"Omkara" is the right hand of a powerful politician who uses his skills to
secure a political career. The politician represents "Omkara" as bahubali, who
officially leads the gang and acts as the head of the gang. Othello was the army
general, while "Omkara" was Bahubali. "Omkara" is a short-tempered lover who is
jealous and vulnerable to Langda Tyagi. Langda Tyagi, or Ishwar Tyagi, is a faithful
man of "Omkara". Langda Tyagi deserves the post of Bahubali since he was faithful
and loyal to the politician.

Vakil Sahab is a retired nobleman who has a close association with

Bhaisahab. Rajju, or Rajan Tiwari, is the son of a wealthy businessman and a friend
of Langda Tyagi. Rajju is the ex-fiance of Dolly, who was deeply in love with Dolly
and wants to remarry her. Indu Tyagi is the wife of Langda Tyagi, and she is not a
maid of Dolly like Emilia in the play Othello. Kesu Firangi, or Kesab Upadhaya, is
the only educated person in the movie who can easily make friends with anyone.

"Omkara" is a kind of innovation that seems to accommodate the possible

depiction of Indian culture. Othello presented European culture, while "Omkara"
reflected Indian culture. "Omkara" is a transliteration that denotes the same concepts
as those associated with literary translations. The movie begins with different
scenes, as in the original play. In the first scene, Dolly escapes from her wedding
ceremony. Rajju dashes to inform Dolly‗s father about this horrible news. Another
difference can be found in the character of "Omkara" as Bahubali, who is Bahubali
and the general of regional gangs. "Omkara" is extremely angry and short-tempered.
This anger can be seen in a scene where Dolly discusses the affair with Kesu.

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4.4 Application of the play Hamlet in "Haider"

"Haider" is a movie based on the topics of the insurgency in Kashmir in the
year 1995 and the massive incidents between two countries, India and Pakistan. In
the play, Shakespeare's essay exposes the details of the ancient fortress of Denmark
in the middle ages of the 14th and 15th centuries. The ghost of the king of Denmark
tells his son Hamlet to avenge his murder by killing the new king, who was Hamlet's
uncle. Hamlet feigns madness and contemplates his life as his uncle knows his plan
in advance and kills Hamlet with his own hands. The play ends with a duel between
the king of Denmark and the local opponent's army of Denmark. The guards
describe a ghost that they have seen that resembles Hamlet and decades of the king.
The ghost reappears and decides to tell Hamlet about the incidents.

In the explanation of both the movie and play, revenge, women, corruption,
religion, madness and politics are the most common. "Haider" always seeks to find
his father's enemy and tries to kill him. "Haider" did not know anything about his
mother, that his mother was also about his uncle, and later, he learned that his uncle
killed his father to remove the barrier between their relations. According to the
statement of Sen (2019), at first, "Haider" does not know so much about this;
however, after spending much time with his mother, he can know the main culprit
who killed his father. "Haider" also tries to kill his uncle and searches for where he
can quickly kill him; by this nature, Vishal Bhardwaj is trying to attract audience
views. "Haider"'s mother's intention is not apparent initially to them, but gradually
he recognizes their movement and notices that both are met anytime, catching
"Haider"'s attention. At the start of the movie, by making this plot, the producer
Vishal Bhardwaj tries to adopt the play moral in his movie and create the suspense
of how this is converted to his mother Claudius, Hamlet's uncle, married hamlets-
widow mother and became the king of Denmark and Hamlet costumes for his
father's death and laments his mother's loyalty. After seeing Hamlet hears of the
ghost from Hamlet, he immediately wants to see it for himself. "Haider" movie is
said to be an Indian adaptation of their based on Shakespeare's Hamlet. "Haider" is
shot picturesque of Kashmir and wholly based on the past and present Kashmir. The
film stars Shahid Kapoor in the primary leadership role, and Tabu plays the heroine

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role of his mother, who marries her brother-in-law Kay Menon after his father's
death. The film is based on the love and interest of the girls, and Hider's love
integers to the film.

"Haider", a young man, returns home from Kashmir after hearing that his
father has disappeared for a long time and learns that forces have denied him for
harboring militants. He also learns that his mother is already in a relationship with
his uncle, and intense drama follows between mother and son. From the perspective
of Kowsar (2021), both struggle to come to terms with the news of the father's death.
"Haider" also learns that his own is responsible for that gruesome murder and
follows his journey to avenge his father's death.

Many similarities can easily be observed in this movie and play, like
"Haider"'s father dying unusually and Khurram, "Haider"'s uncle, marrying Ghazala,
"Haider"'s mother. From the perspective of Chatterjee, (2022), the whole situation is
changed when "Haider" comes back from Kashmir to find his father's killer; he
cannot understand the situation about grail by observing "Haider" confirm that his
father was killed by his uncle. According to the statement of Sharma et al.,. (2022),
"Haider" also learns that their relationship is between his mother and uncle. Due to
this, his uncle might kill his father to remove obstacles in their relationship. In the
central part of the story, "Haider" is unsure whether Khurram killed his father and
argues with himself vengeance what he should choose. "Haider" and Arshi are in
love with each other, but Arshi's loyalties favor his father, Pervaze.

The main similarity is that both the play and the movie are stories. Apart
from the playing at a psychological level, both have solid references and
commentary about the social condition and prevailing. As per the opinion of Evans,
(2018), Shakespeare's thoughts in his play try to disclose the Denmark station at
times on the relation of two lives where Vishal Bhardwaj tries to catch the
audience's attraction by delivering the suspicious society nature. A twist between the
film and play is that the film and play meet the audience's interpretation, and almost
the corresponding character's name starts with the same letters. The movie and the
play are gravedigger scenes shown in the play as in the movie.

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The movie and play are different in some parts, like the movie being set in a
different era, and the movie brings variations of the plot. This plays out and
interchanges the system's and society's moral values. The movie tries to develop the
whole situation based on the new societal conditions of several social difficulties
and to get to know him better about society. However, in the evening, Hamlet sees a
ghost which leads the audience to question their sanity of Hamlet. The backdrop of
the people in Kashmir has extremely strong quarts of sanity on Hamlet. Therefore,
there are some charities that are missing in the movie during the adoption of
Shakespeare's play, especially a good friend of Hamlet.

In the play, Shakespeare gives head on the parts that Hamlet does not kill the
salmon or, at last, it leads to believe that he was killed by another, which is not
known by the entire play. The revenge system in Shakespeare's era was quite
different, and the same thing is seen in the movie, and the climax is a trailer to the
audience. According to the statement of Quiring (2020), the relationship between
Ghazala and "Haider" is so different that it can be seen in the movie, and the whole
climax is changed during these parts. A few of the deaths explained in the play are
missing in the movie produced by Vishal Bhardwaj. The relationship between
Ghazala and "Haider" is different, as shown in the play. Hamlet is Shakespeare's
tragedy where a central character dies, unlike the movie, and there are some
soliloquies shown in the movie which are entirely different from the play.

In the play, Shakespeare's meaning gives importance to the current societal

nature of Denmark, whereas in the play, the producer shows it in its way. The
element of the tragedy in William Shakespeare's Hamlet inspired Vishal Bhardwaj
to come up with the "Haider". Through this film, Bhardwaj adopted his trilogy of
Shakespearean tragic adaptations. Per the opinion of Sharma and Churom (2022),
"Haider" is a commendable fusion of revenge drama, Elizabethan drama and
Bollywood movies. The horror context is reflected through this movie which
happened in 1195 between India and Pakistan. The vertebral themes of Hamlet are
betrayal, corruption, death, love, and filled obedience. The beautiful representation
is shown in the whole context of whatever play and movie. Helmets such as

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betrayal, corruption, death, love and filial obedience are beautifully woven with the
plot of "Haider".

However, Bhardwaj has taken certain liberties to mold the story in his
creative styles to cater to commercial and cinematic requirements. The analysis of
Hamlet and the adaptation of the idea is a competitive analysis, and it opens with a
brief introduction to the conception of the idea that was brought in the "Haider"
movie. The political aspect is beautifully shown in the "Haider" movie as it accounts
for the existence of the characterization and makes the captain of the social issues.
Producers come up with many social issues that India and Pakistan face. Beauty is
organized in the movie with the help of Shakespeare's play Hamlet.

The movie follows political issues faced by India and Pakistan and the result
of the conflict in 1995, which is shown through this movie.

It is noted that most of Shakespeare's tragedies are enabled with specific

patterns and elements such as vengeful ghosts and mad scene play and play, gory
scenes. All the protagonists who have the grievance against the opponent of the
producer lastly also help to expose the innovative ideas tailored to the
Shakespearean tragedy. It also depicts the Kashmir conflict theme tragedy and the
oppression of 1995 during the conflict between the two countries. From the
perspective of Wilkinson (2019), however, the character of Roohdaar is the most
important of all, as his sudden emergence becomes the ultimate turning point of the
story. The character is played by Roohdaar, brilliantly played by Irfan Khan and has
been introduced as the ghost in the source of Hamlet. The name of Roohdaar is the
soul of Hilaal Meer, and he introduces himself with metaphorical connotations as
Roohdaar and the soul of Hillal Meer as he introduces himself as Arshia in the film.
Roohdaar is the soulful form of Meer, and there is a scene in the film where the
bodies of Roohdaar and Meer are thrown into the Jhelum River, and it is done for
the concept of the body and soul come to light. Just like Hamlet's father, who nearly
brought messages for prince Hamlet. According to the statement of Quiring (2020),
it is seen in the film Roohdaar delivers to "Haider" the messages of the Abbaji and
the conversation between them is seen in 109 illustrations of the messages. Besides

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that, Ghazala (Tabu) is a pretty woman in her forties, like Queen Gertrude and is
moved by her husband's death. Ghazala, too, is not bothered about her husband's
disappearance after her husband is taken to the Indian army, and she starts to live
with his brother-in-law Khurram. It shows that she married his brother-in-law after
knowing her husband had died. From being the half widow, she is a happily married
woman and enjoying the festivals of her marriage ceremony.

The adaptation of Vishal Bhardwaj in the first commercial Bollywood film is

undoubtedly a brilliant mirror of the grim realities of the Kashmir conflict. The
serious socio-political context was widely criticized and created much controversy.
As per the opinion of Cartelli, (2019), the people who are aware of Kashmir's
traumatic history and "Haider" are far more as an adaptation of Shakespeare's
Hamlet play. The primary connectors used in this part are the political aspect of the
film, as artistic and cinematic aspects are clearly shown throughout the movie. The
main motive of Vishal Bhardwaj is to highlight the geopolitical discourse rather than
invest time in adapting Shakespeare's plots. There is no doubt that the political
center of this film is powerful by compelling it, especially by setting "Haider" in
Kashmir during 1995. From the perspective of Choi, (2019), the main issue
highlighted by Bhardwaj is that armed insurgency and the position of the Indian
army deconstruct in the insurgency. This film elaborates on the power of the Indian
army's brutality on the local people. Apart from that, many scenes are shown
throughout the movie where innocent people are detained and inhumanly tortured on
suspicion of being militant. The brutal realities of the interrogation centre and torture
room are being captured in the north by the mittens to get out the information. A
man's hand is tied, and a soldier holds his hair to make a look directly into the high-
voltage bulb.

"Haider" is a movie based on several issues between two countries, one in

India and another in Pakistan. In this movie, a brief discussion is available about
Denmark's ancient fitness and focuses on the middle of the 14th to 15th century. As
per the opinion of Belcher, (2019), Vishal Bhardwaj efficiently uses the characters
of Hamlet in the movie. Director tried to make this movie concerning the Indian
context and was able to relate successfully to the situation of Kashmir. The director

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intended to bring several characters of Hamlet into this movie and tried to relate this
generation to the 16th century. In Hamlet, the country was Denmark, and the story
was developed based on the situation in the "Haider" movie. Kashmir is selected to
match the situation.

Bhardwaj chose the setting of the places as described in the story and related
the other environmental things with the story. According to the statement of Hoydis,
(2020), Hamlet was written based on the situation in Denmark in the 16th century.
On the other hand, the director relates things with this century to reflect the citation
of India. Kashmir is a suitable place, and India Pakistan ceasefire is expected in this
area, though in this movie, personal characteristics are the most critical factor to
relate with Hamlet. Director tries to amalgamate the Kashmir situation with the
tragedy of Shakespeare's Hamlet, and it is considered a great idea at the box office
and among the country's ordinary people. After watching this movie, people were
eager to know the actual facts related to Hamlet. This eagerness increases the
demand for Shakespeare, one of the most popular stories in Hamlet.

Shakespearean tragedies follow a specific pattern to reflect the characters. In

these stories, mad scenes, vengeful ghosts, and gory scenes occur. Director
efficiently uses these factors in the movie and relates to the culture of this century.
As per the viewpoint of Keinänen (2022), the Kashmir conflict in mid-1990 was not
in a good position, and this situation was reflected in the characters of the people.
The art of characterization depends on the quality of the director, and in this movie,
Bhardwaj has proven the quality. "Haider" was missing in the movie's initial scenes;
at that time, Doctor Hilaal Meer was in the audience's focus. In the next scene,
Hilaal Meer disappears, and "Haider" appears. The public and lovers of
Shakespearean tragedy appreciated this art of the director.

"Haider", a young man, came back to his home after completing his study at
Aligarh University and was shocked by the disappearance of his father. The young
guy was discussing with his uncle and understood that there was something
suspicious in the story. After they discover that the Kashmir police are also related
to the incidents, these conflicts create curiosity in his mind. In Hamlet, the main

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character is also in the same situation. Considering this situation, the director
efficiently designs the characters to reflect the characters of Hamlet. As per the
opinion of Thurman (2018), the father of "Haider" helped the militants of Kashmir.
This character of his father brings problems for the family. Apart from this, "Haider"
found that his mother was in a relationship with his uncle, which led to revenge
against his uncle. This type of issue was also present in the Shakespearean tragedy
Hamlet.

The character of Roohdaar was important for the story, and his sudden
appearance gave a turning point to the movie. According to Shamina et al.,. (2019),
the Roohdaar character was played by Imran Khan, and the director chose the name
perfectly. Rooh means soul, and in this movie, Imran Khan appears as the soul of
Hilal Meer. On the other hand, "Haider'' invented the concept of murdering his
uncle. This situation also brought a tragedy in the film and was appreciated by the
audience. "Haider '' started gathering information with Kashmiris's help about his
uncle and made a plan to kill him. On the other hand, his uncle was in a good
position in the Kashmir police. Consequently, it took much work for "Haider '' to
make a plan against him. In Hamlet, their uncle was king of Denmark, so killing him
was difficult for Hamlet.

Roohdar informed "Haider" about the location of his father and gave
directions to reach the detention camp. "Haider" needed clarification about the
speech of Khurram and Roohdar, as a result, he was facing a problem to set his
mind. On the other hand, Khurram was informed by Hilaal that Roohdar was
influencing "Haider" to murder him. As per Javidshad and Anushirvani's (2018)
opinion, the director intentionally created this complexity, and the ordinary people
liked it. After observing the whole situation, "Haider" was under post-traumatic
stress and was fully confused about the past incidents. This confusion was also
noticed in Hamlet, and the director successfully created it in his film. Director
perfectly merged the movie's character with the character of Hamlet. The perfection
and art of the director made the movie realistic and the modern generation was able
to visualize the characters of Hamlet.

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Visualization dramatically impacts people's minds, considering that Vishal

Bhardwaj tries to reflect the characters of Hamlet with the help of his creative ideas.
This idea was appreciated by the audiences and the modern generation aware of the
characters of Hamlet. In this movie, the directors broke the pattern of Indian movies
and found a way to relate the actual situation of Kashmir to the 16th century. As per
the viewpoint of Zhen Zhao (2021), after returning from Aligarh University,
"Haider" was confused about his father's disappearance. On the other hand, some
confessional speeches of his uncle also confused him. In Hamlet, the ghost of the
king of Denmark is confused about asking Hamlet to kill the new king. This
confusion is perfectly pictured in this film and relates to the situation of the 19th
century.

Horatio was his school friend in Hamlet and played an interesting character
in this play. Horatio decides to tell about the ghost's appearance and make Hamlet
aware of his father's death. On the other hand, his mother's lack of loyalty raises
several questions in his mind about Hamlet. This complex situation creates
confusion in the mind of Hamlet. As a result, he faces problems controlling his
mind. Director perfectly amalgamated the charter of Claudius and Khurram mere in
this movie to attract the audiences. According to the statement of Verstraete (2018),
in 1990, the violence in Kashmir increased, and governments were able to control
the situation. The central government was not able to pressure the militants of
Kashmir for article 370. As a result, militants increased their forces at that time.
Apart from this, some Kashmir police were also helping the militants to grow their
area. In this context, "Haider" was developed, focusing on the characters of Hamlet.
Claudius was a clever person who married Hamlet's mother to become king of
Denmark. Hamlet was mourning his father's death and was confused to see the lack
of loyalty of his mother. In this movie, every character is designed perfectly to
define the character of Hamlet. This idea was generated by previous movies' work
and profound studies of Shakespeare's books. Reading Hamlet's characters
thoroughly helps directors understand and relate to the current situation. Besides
this, from 1990 to 1999, Kashmir was uncertain, and women were secure in front of
the militants. As per Sosnowska's (2018) opinion, the state government was also

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liable for this situation, and some government servants helped the militants increase
their stakes in Kashmir. This characteristic of the government servants and political
leaders was liable for the dire situation of this place.

Director observed the situation and related that to the story of Hamlet.
Relating the situation of Kashmir took work for the director, though his filmmaking
experience helped him visualize all the characters perfectly. In this movie, Ghazala,
the mother of "Haider", makes a plan to kill Khurram, though it is not reflected
before the movie's last scene. Ghazal made this plan to rescue her son from his uncle
and successfully executed the plan. On the other hand, some Islamic reflection was
made in this movie, which was not related to Hamlet. In Hamlet, some Christian
factors are reflected, though no Christianized factors are present in this movie. Arsia,
a news reporter, plays a dark relationship role with the characters of the story.
Director intentionally relates this character with the Ophelia of Hamlet. Ophelia is a
sensitive character in Hamlet, who plays a dark love story.

Cultural differences are noticed in this movie, as in Hamlet, the Christian

religion is reflected, and the Islamic religion is reflected in this movie. On the other
hand, the director could not relate the Christian religion to any state of India. As per
the viewpoint of Brown, (2018), the director effectively uses the Islamic religion in
the context of Hamlet. Christian religious characters do not match with the Indian
context, though directors associated the religious problems in this movie. Hamlet is
based on Denmark's context and cultural situation and "Haider"'s context in India
and the Islamic religion. The politics of the kings are included in Hamlet, and in
"Haider" politics of the militaries are reflected. These two contexts are matched
perfectly by the director in these movies.

The dark side of love is reflected in "Haider'' and reflects in the characters in
this movie. In Hamlet, the dark side is also reflected by the characters. Other than
this, the director perfectly uses the ups and downs in a relationship. This capability
of the director increases the value of the movie in front of the audience. In the
middle of the story Hamlet closely observes Claudius to see his reaction. This
observation helps to make plans against him. Hamlet is an intellectual person and

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successfully makes the plan. According to Hoydis, (2022) opinion, Hamlet is

confused with their mother's character, leading him towards madness. Hamlet could
not execute his plan, for the consociation made in his mind.

Gazala plays a vital role in the "Haider" movie in the last scene. This
character of his mother created a clear sense of his mother in "Haider"'s mind. This
dynamic character is perfectly present by the director and helps to increase the value
of this movie. As per Huertas-Martín (2022) opinion, Shahid Kapoor plays the role
of "Haider" in Hamlet; he is a king's son. In the present context, it was not possible
to show the character of the king, considering this, the director shows the character
of "Haider" as a student.

The director portrays the role of Hamlet with the help of Shahid Kapoor in
this movie and is named "Haider". This name intentionally chose to relate to the
name of the Shakespearean tragedy Hamlet. As a result, it is easy to understand by
the audience and possibly relate to the context of Hamlet. The "Haider" movie
brings the same context of Hamlet and relates all characters with the play of
Shakespeare. As per the capacity of the director, the movie was made with the
perfection of the story, and every character is related to the story's characters. In
some portions, audiences were discouraged from seeing the religion problem, others,
with all shorts, were perfectly made by the director.

Figure 4.15: Context of “Hamlet” and "Haider"

(Source: Self-developed)

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The culture of Shakespeare's drama is portrayed in Bollywood films such as

"Haider", and this adaptation helps recreate the story's magic among the audience.
Traditional culture is necessary to portray a story in a local context, so Vishal
Bhardwaj adopted Indian culture for making the film. This initiative of making a
movie helps impress the audience through the movie's story. Storytelling is an
essential aspect of a film, and most directors try to create magic through its
storytelling to attract the audience to watch the movie. The film's director adopts
Hamlet to create magic through its story, which can provide a unique experience to
the audience while watching the movie. As per Hoydis, (2020) opinion, the drama is
based in Denmark, and the movie is based in Kashmir. The context helps to impress
a large number of audiences.

Figure 4.16: Theme of “Hamlet”

(Source: Self-developed)

This initiative helps the makers to understand the audience about the plot of
the story, which the audience can relate to while enjoying the movie—as per the
opinion of Hoydis (2020), selecting Kashmir as the revenge plot of Hamlet helps to
portray the story more authentic and realistic. The social and political situation of
Kashmir is suitable to make the film more realistic, which helps to impress a large
audience. A revenge story needs these kinds of social and political situations to
make an impactful movie which can get more critical praise. Mental health is an
essential aspect of Bollywood movies, and many times, the Tui issue is used to make
an impactful movie. In most cases, male characters are used to portray mental health
conditions. In the movie "Haider", the madness of the lead character is used to
portray the story in a film.

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Kashmir is used in place of Denmark to make the film more realistic and the
Indian social context. The madness of the lead character is that the region of
Kashmir is becoming more realistic, which helps to impress the audience through its
fantastic storytelling. This madness in "Haider" is considered a mental illness in the
context of the movie, and this health issue is highlighted as the main topic of the
movie. On the other hand, this mental mindset is responsible for building a solid
relationship with his mother in the time movie. According to Sohini (2020), in the
drama Hamlet, the madness of Hamlet is not portrayed as a personal issue; it is also
highlighted as a political issue of the region. In the Bollywood movie, this madness
of revenge is also highlighted as a political issue in the context of Kashmir.

Social and political issues are highlighted through movies; most of the time,
directors try to show the real issues of society. Many people suffer from social and
political issues responsible for transforming an ordinary man into a revenge man.
Per the opinion of Johnston (2020), madness is increased among the man to take
revenge, which mentally affects man's mental health. In the movie "Haider", these
issues are highlighted to express the reason for being a revenge man in society. Men
are involved in complex social and political situations. As a result, most men cannot
survive everyday life in society, and this issue is highlighted chiefly through this
movie, adapted from the drama Hamlet.

Figure 4.17: Nature of Hamlet

(Source: Self-developed)

The madness of men leads them to be involved in many troubles, and their
deaths are often responsible for this madness of killing. In the drama, their madness
leads to Hamlet's death. Most people lose their family members due to the madness

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of revenge. According to the statement Sohini (2020), the drama Hamlet shows that
Hamlet loses his mother due to the madness of revenge. Considering these factors of
madness, the madness of revenge is considered a mental health issue which leads a
man to destroy his own life. In Bollywood movies, this madness is portrayed
through "Haider"'s character, who is mad about revenge for his father's killing. In
this movie, this madness is also responsible for destroying his life. In the context of
the movie, the death of the lead character provides a tragedy which can impress a
large audience.

The director of the movie uses this technique to make this movie to impress
the public. Per the opinion of Arakkal (2020), the tragedy of Hamlet is adapted by
Vishal Bhardwaj to impress the audience through the death of the main character.
The drama Hamlet shows thinking and mentality, and in the context of the drama,
the nature of Hamlet is portrayed to describe the mentality of a raven man. Attitude
and behavior after the character is identified, and most of the time, the men do not
realize the effects of taking revenge. In both drama and movie, this revenge effect is
highlighted to realize this fact in real life. The director of this movie portrayed this
situation of revenge to show the effects of revenge which can involve many people's
lives.

Relatives and people who are emotionally connected with the mad person
can be affected due to the madness of revenge, which is highlighted in the movie.
This fact can make the audience realize that releasing this fact is essential to make
decisions in real life. According to the statement of Dhara (2022), Vishal Bhardwaj
takes Kashmir as the region to portray this plot for its social and political violence.
The facts of social and political violence provide additional benefits to this movie
for impressing the audience through its unique storytelling. The audiences of India
can connect with the plot of Kashmir, and these benefits helped people to watch this
movie. The character's madness helps to realize the effects of this kind of mentality
in real life. The damage to "Haider" is crucial to realizing the effects of the madness
of revenge, and this kind of situation in the movie is the critical highlighting
element.

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Figure 4.18: Creator of Drama and Movie

(Source: Self-developed)

This vital element of the movie is essential to improve the art, and cultural
value of the movie and the director of the movie chooses this element to make the
movie maintain its art and cultural value. Most directors approach tragedy stories to
connect the audience emotionally, and this emotional connection provides extra
benefits to increase the audience. As per the opinion of Arakkal (2022), considering
these benefits, Vishal Bhardwaj approaches this tragic story of Hamlet in the context
of Indian culture. Directors of the movie considered the changes in culture and
context compared to the original drama at the time of adapting the story. In this
process of adapting, the parameters of changes are to be highlighted in the movie.

Songs are essential elements of Bollywood movies, and most songs express
the nature and attitude of the characters. In the song, Bismil, directors highlight the
revenge nature and aggressive attitude towards the madness of revenge through this
song. Vishal Bhardwaj maintains the tradition of using songs to express the attitudes
and nature of the characters through songs. Per the opinion of Azimi and Moosavi
(2019), the drama Hamlet is based on greed for power, so Hamlet's father is killed in
the story of the drama. History of the 12th century portrays the drama of
Shakespeare. Revenge, politics, reality, corruption and women are the main themes
of this drama, and these are highlighted through this drama. The madness of revenge
makes Hamlet blind, so this character of the drama sacrifices everything in his life.

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The film's lead character, "Haider", sacrifices everything to avenge his

father's killing. According to Yousaf et al.,. (2022), politics is a significant theme of
the drama Hamlet, and politics has an essential role in the kingdom. The dramatist
has highlighted the facts of politics, which are responsible for making a conspiracy
to kill the king of a state. The greed for power leads to killing relatives through the
political conspiracy of a state. This situation is created in the drama, and in the
movie, political stability and violence in Kashmir are highlighted for making
conspiracy to get political power. History is shown in the drama, and in the movie,
this plot is portrayed through the actual social context of Kashmiri culture. The
greed for political power is responsible for promoting corruption in a state.

The state's main reason for killing its king is corruption, and due to
corruption, Hamlet's father is killed. This fact of society is highlighted through the
drama story, and the Bollywood directors adapt this plot to make a realistic movie
based on corruption. As per the opinion of Naeem (2021), social reality is a vital
factor in considering the situation of society and its people. The movie shows the
effects of corruption, and this social factor is impactful in real life. Director tries to
make the audience aware of the social corruption factors which can lead people
towards corruption. Women are essential in Shakespeare's drama, and most
corruption and political conspiracy occur due to female characters. Hamlet's mother
is one of the important female characters in the drama, and "Haider"'s mother is the
main female character of this movie.

4.5 Depiction of Ram-Leela movie based on "Romeo and Juliet"

Sanjay Leela Bhansali provides an endemic odor to Shakespeare's Romeo &
Juliet by setting it in Gujrat; the director views it from a regional aspect. There are
many more subtexts in Bhansali's films, such as here festivals steal the significance,
portrayal of ladies & their persecution by the patriarchal community (Kumar, 2021).
Widows displayed in the film do not trace any duplicates in the Shakespearean
drama. There are ladies in the movie who have their perspectives of thinking.
Dhankor Baa recalls the auditory of the lady capulet while collaterals can be drawn
among Leela & Juliet. Some ladies display signs of agency at the end of the
adaptation (Karim & Mondal, 2020). Regional politics & ethnic stresses build their

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path in Ram Leela, signs indicating that the film is not an adaptation but it also gives
a flavor of Bollywood film.

Ram Leela provides a kick into recent India with its part of droughts,
complications & intricate weaves of enmity, grudges & misunderstandings. In this
film, the Bollywood style & the Shakespearean style both the two styles are
combined uniquely. This movie not only gives a recent understanding of Romeo &
Juliet & finally Shakespeare, but also of the chances & difficulties of the recent day
India. This is observed that Sanjay Leela Bhansali gives a regional flavor through
his film Goliyon ki Rasleela Ram Leela (Kumar, 2021). When Shakespeare was
writing and all the plays performed in the Globe theater, no one imagined the
massive appeal of this local writing. Therefore, the concept of Indianisation is
significant as the audience has to understand the intention behind the production.
The movie Goliyon ki Rasleela Ram-Leela, directed by Bhansali, depicts unrequited
love (Kumar, 2021). Like "Omkara", this movie also shows Gujarat's culture and
depicts a clash between two clans named: Sanera and Rajadi.

The colorful customs, beautiful songs and final tragedy make this movie
outstanding. Apart from that, a dramatic prop also identified in this movie is the rape
of Rasilal. Director Sanjay Leela Bhansali has only partially adopted all the
storylines in this movie. Cinematic movements, dialogues, visual tricks, and framing
are significant for attracting an audience. Apart from that, it is not easy to place
Shakespeare in the Indian celluloid version, and Indianness is significant for
attracting the entire audience.

Various types of festivals and Indian cultures are seen in this movie. Thrill,
passion, crime, lust and unconditional love are observed in the entire movie.
Regional politics, the rivalry between two clans, ethnic dresses, and Indian culture
are also observed in this film. Apart from that, this movie is not entirely based on the
original story. The proper elaboration on this theme will help explain Goliyon Ki
Raasleela Ram-Leela, dir. Sanjay Leela Bhansali's 2013 adoption of "Romeo and
Juliet" from a political, local, and female-centered angle. From the perspective of
Cartelli, (2019), this movie is inspired by Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet" play. In

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the film, Ram always tries to remove the enmity between two families, like Romeo
Montague is trying for these two families. Both are similar in this case as it is clear
that only the good relationship between two families can help "Romeo and Juliet" to
live together. Romeo always seeks to meet with Juliet by creating excuses in his
family; sometimes, he can do that. In the same situation, Ram also tries hard to meet
Leela (Deepika Padukone), and sometimes he fails his friends to help them to meet
Leela by this way, Ram can meet Leela.

Bhansali's film "Romeo and Juliet" localizes the hypertext by prioritizing the
political issues common in modern society. It governs the festival and the parallel
between the leading pair in well-known Hindu divinities. The constant ambiguities
inevitably bring up points to the non-isomorphic flows and are beautifully shown in
the nation-state. The tension also finds a niche in the depiction of women that are
oppressed. Bhansali's adaptation shows that women are oppressed and the same
oppressed and resistant. As per the opinion of Chatterjee, (2022), the central theme
of the "Maqbool" film is to coordinate modern society's nature where relationships
are valueless in front of the enmity. Two lives are nothing in front of their enmity; at
last, each individual has to sacrifice their life to sustain the enmity between the two
families. In modern society, all people now maintain their own status by judging
anyone, which is beautifully depicted throughout the movie, entirely influenced by
Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet" play.

However, Ram is initially committed to loving Leela by seeing her beauty

and is aware that their relationship was never successful in case Ram himself
removes the barrier between the two families. Ram always tries to remove these
obstacles to get Leela, but luck is not in their favor and meets the ultimate failure
seen at the movie's end. Similarly, Romeo in Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet is
always passionate about removing the social barrier so that Romeo can live with
Juliet. However, their luck is not in their favor. "Romeo and Juliet" both have to
sacrifice their love, as shown at the end of the play and movie. Social barriers are the
main problems in modern society, Bhardwaj elaborately explained in his movie,
trying to get the total concentration of the audience, and he was successful also to do
that.

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All Indian movies are always influenced by various literary works and plays
of various authors that make better attraction on movies of India. As per the
statement of Santos and de Oliveira (2019), directors mainly make the film theme
based on influence on the people. Various movies are based on Shakespearean
literary works, which are greatly influenced by Bollywood movies. Shakespeare is
one of the greatest poets and playwrights of all time who has written various plays
and stories, and all of these plays and writings have impressed all directors for
making films. Moreover, Shakespearean literature has depicted mainly various tragic
parts with a mixture of political, cultural and social influences in the common
interest of people. All of these properties are most important to apply to films.

Directors specifically find interesting plots for making better reviews of

films, and there will be better ratings at the box office. According to the studies of
Rizvic et al.,. (2019), the film's theme should be based on the correct choice of a
story from any writer and the better capacity of the director and producers.
Shakespearean Romeo-Juliet is the most tragic literary work of all time; this play
specifically attracts all readers from all parts of the world. The application of this
play has already been influenced by various screenwriters and play directors for
making films. All art schools have used to show this play by making drama; through
this, the play has become known to ordinary people. The directors of the Indian
Bollywood Industry have also been impressed with this play's plot, character and
themes. Moreover, the Indian director Sanjay Leela Bhansali has made a movie
based on the Shakespearean "Romeo and Juliet" play, named Goliyon ki Rasleela
Ram-Leela. The Bollywood movie Ram Leela influences all the people as there is a
sad part of the movie, and also, the movie has depicted the central theme of Romeo -
Juliet. This movie mainly showcases social conflict and political discrimination in
Indian culture (Gracia-Perigo, R., 2020). Sanjay Leela Bhansali is one of the greatest
filmmakers in the Bollywood industry, and his works are mainly based on the
romance and tragic parts of human lives. The Ram Leela is one of these types of
movies, and the central theme is taken from the Shakespearean tragedy literary work
Romeo-Juliet. This movie is a unique readaptation of the literary works as the
director has followed the concept of the literary work, but not the plot and screen

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writes. The director has transplanted the main fortification of the town from the
main play, as this would have shown within the Indian context. The city has been
depicted as the arid region of Northwest India that is Gujarat.

In this movie, the director has shown the two main characters, Ram and
Leela, as compared to the main playwriting, "Romeo and Juliet". Bhansali produced
the movie with a particular reference to Shakespearean literary work. According to
the statement of Larsen (2018), the production category of any film should have an
exciting screenplay with a standard plot that makes the film industry profitable. This
movie is different from making various new plots, fantastical, self-conscious theater
works with better maintenance music play and memorable dialogues. This has
influenced the people on the showcase of Bhansali's operation. This movie depicts a
lawless Gujarat town. This town is related to the bedlam of smuggling activity; there
were no rules for using guns in the open market (Gracia- Perigo, 2020). There was
no law on whether anyone killed someone for making some disturbance or getting
an obstacle in front of any people.

The first scene of this film shows various people making celebrations and
making fun with guns in the open market, which has been credited with better
affectivity on the people. The scene can easily be distinguished from Romeo-Juliet.
On the other hand, the first scene of "Romeo and Juliet" in Shakespearean work has
shown the fight between two servants from two houses, as this play has mainly
shown the fight between two different houses (Main Site Menu, 2022). The
character Romeo is related to the character of Ram in Sanjay Leela Bhansali's
production. Apart from this, Juliet is related to Leela's character from the movie, and
Deepika Padukone plays this character. Moreover, Ranvir Singh played Ram. The
storyline and all of the characters of the hero, heroine and cast are made to have a
better influence on the people.

William Shakespeare wrote the play about two young lovers with two
different feuding families who were against the union of political boundaries and
different cultures. The main themes of "Romeo and Juliet" are mainly based on
tragedy, family conflict and love. This better influences the adaptation of Bollywood

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movies based on the theme. Sanjay Leela Bhansali has made this theme of romance
and conflict between two families a great attraction to the people. As per the opinion
of YUSUPOV (2022), the acting skills of the actor and actress should be influenced
and touchy, which is mainly attractive to everyone. Deepika Padukone and Ranvir
Singh's acting skills are more attractive, which makes it effective, leading to better
box office; moreover, the movie's central theme was the forbidden love of two
young lovers.

There was one shot of Ram Leela, Leela was sitting on her balcony at night,
and there was the description of a splendid showcase of Sanera mansion, that is, the
Capulet mansion in "Romeo and Juliet". The leading beauty of the scene was a
swimming pool below the mansion on the balcony side; it looked so beautiful, and it
remained the same as "Romeo and Juliet" (Jie, 2020). This resembles the depiction
of natural beauty, and it is different in Ram Leela. In "Romeo and Juliet", the
character Juliet meets with Romeo below at her mansion with beautiful admirers;
however, in the screenplay of Ram, Leela appears in front of Ram with a gun as both
of the families have conflict. The scenes from the first appearance of both the actor
and actress are made clear, such as an understanding of the political unrest in the
city.

The character Leela is more rigid in the drama's first scene, although she falls
in love with Ram, which makes her go against her family. On the other hand, the
main female character in the Shakespearean literary work has shown that Juliet is so
polite in nature as she is unaware of the family conflict. The difference between
Leela and Juliet is interpreted with entirely different characters from each other,
giving the audience a new appearance and comparison from "Romeo and Juliet"
(Main Site Menu, 2022). In Shakespeare's literary work, Juliet is not afraid of the
fun with Romeo; moreover, she is aware of his not believing in people readily; a
moon also changes with time. In the same way, Leela was also aware of Ram at the
time. He sends some messages to make an awkward meaning.

However, Juli et al.,so makes verbal prowess when talking with Romeo, this
type of thing like the Bhansali's screenplay. On the other hand, Leela made a similar

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reply in talking with Ram, and all the replies came to him with a rhyme for rhyme
(Jie, 2020). Many dialogues make clear the attraction of scenes with better affection
in the movie, and all audiences make clear comparisons with literary work. At the
first appearance of the play "Romeo and Juliet", it is shown that Juliet Capulet is a
shy and innocent girl at the beginning. The in-depth study has shown that the
character has been changed to fall in love with Romeo, which made a better
understanding of the character. Juliet has made her father marry Romeo by going
against her family.

The prominent appearance of Juliet in Shakespeare's literary work shows that

she appears with intelligence, obedience and even there as inner strength and
bravery in her love life. As per the viewpoint of Tourism (2020), characters can be
identified from any literary work by the description of the primary writing skill of
the author. The literary work of "Romeo and Juliet" shows better strength in love
and a fight against the family that her love life will be smashed with the hindrance of
family conflict. This part is laid to the drama "Romeo and Juliet", from which it can
be seen that Juliet has the inner strength to fall in love with Romeo; this makes an
explicit appearance of her maturity that goes beyond her age.

On the other hand, in Bhansali's production of Ram-Leela, Leela has a rigid

character and less attraction to Rajadi. There were social and political fights between
Ram and Leela's families, Rajadi and Sanera. In the first scene, it is depicted that
Leela has no interest in Ram; however, after the increased communication, the
affection has also increased. This depicts similarities and some differences between
the two characters of Leela and Juliet. Leela got attracted towards Ram, and then she
started to love him, which created more conflict between the families (Gracia-
Perigo, 2020). One scene is shown in the play Duel between Ram and Leela's
brother, in which both of the brothers die, which makes Leela and Ram hatred
towards each other, although the love remains the same.

Leela and Ram also married during the conflict, leading to substantial family
issues. There was a scene in which it was shown that Leela's daughter-in-law had
gone to Ram's Porn shop, and there was no sign of Ram. At that time, the daughter-

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in-law of Laala got physically assaulted by the boys of the shop, which created
massive hatred over Ram. This time Leela got depressed with Ram because of her
feelings, although she did not know about Ram (Gracia-Perigo, 2020). The physical
assault has not been described in the Shakespearean literary work; moreover, the
literary work mainly depicts the love, hatred and tragedy between the two people.
Apart from this, Bhansali's movie production has concentrated on the more
extraordinary depiction of physical assault to show specific fights between two
families.

The character of Romeo can also be depicted with the common relation of
Ram. The characteristics of Ram are depicted as compared to that of Romeo; that is,
both Romeo and Ram have passionate and impulsive characters. In Shakespeare's
play, Romeo is depicted as a sixteen-year-old boy with much intelligence in nature
and compassion (Romeo, 2022). On the other hand, the movie has not depicted Ram
at a young age; moreover, all other characters are the same as Romeo. Ram is
passionate and highly likable to all of the people. Even though Ram does not like
violence in society, Romeo also does not like to fight with others, even like any
domestic violence.

In Shakespeare's literary work, Romeo is characterized as a Petrarchan lover

who uses poetic language for his loved one. According to the statement of Dey,
2018), a Petrarchan lover is a person who has a feeling of love with a woman, and
that person admires his love using poetic language. In the context of "Romeo and
Juliet", there is much similarity to the character of Ram; he also makes poetic lines
for his loved one, Leela. In the play, Shakespeare, "Romeo and Juliet", Romeo falls
in love with Juliet at first sight at the Feast of Capitulate. Similarly, in the movie
Sanjay Leela Bhansali, Ram also got attracted to Leela at the first look of Leela at
the holy festival in Gujarat.

There are also different cultures shown in the movie. Moreover,

Shakespearean literary work has been described as Christian; on the other hand, in
the Ram Leela movie, the producers have shown total drama with Hindu culture.
There are many everyday things about family conflict and love relations; apart from

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this, all of the parts of this film are different from the play. Audiences get the main
attraction from the various cultures of Gujarat, like the holy festival that influences
foreign culture (Kumar, 2021). The foreign cultures mainly have an idea of the
theme of "Romeo and Juliet"; however, after seeing Ram Leela, those people get the
idea of Indian culture. Moreover, all the reviews of this movie explicitly reference
the deception, and even those people can interpret the comparison between "Romeo
and Juliet" and Ram Leela.

4.6 Plot of "Romeo and Juliet" as compared to Bollywood movie

The playwright of "Romeo and Juliet", William Shakespeare, has described
the play as a tragic love story in which two main characters have been made with
unique attractions throughout the play. "Romeo and Juliet" are the two main
characters, the unique attraction of readers. The story's main plot is depicted as
"Romeo and Juliet"'s love story. This has attracted Indian filmmakers with the
characters, tragedy and all plot and screenplay of the play. The family conflicts have
been depicted in the literary work and the screenplay. These things likewise make
for a better attraction to the audience.

The play's main plot is to have a conflict between the work of the family of
Montague and the Capulets, which makes it better attached to reading the play's
particular interest. The conflict makes hindrance of the forbidden love of two
people; this theme made better attraction on Indian movie directors use this in the
film (Karim & Mondal, 2020). Related to the Shakespearean literary work, there is a
central conflict between the family of Rajadi and Sanera. The holy festival has been
shown as a better attraction in the movie; the main attraction is the music and dance
of its actors and actress. This has made a unique attraction to better interest in the
play.

There were two different families. One was Montague, and another was
Capulets with particular reference to the city of Verona. This can be made with
better effectiveness of fighting with each other whenever some family members
indulge in anything. One of the scenes in this play is the feast with another family,

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which makes it a better attraction with Juliet Romeo. There was love at first sight in
the particular reference to the Shakespearean play (Main Site Menu, 2022).

Moreover, the play was written with the help of social conflict and political
unrest of the medieval century play writings; this makes affectivity on the literary
works. On the other hand, the drama has been depicted as a speciality inserted into
the people to show the sad part of the play. Sanjay Leela Bhansali made the film
Ram Leela with "Romeo and Juliet"'s unique reactions and gave the play a better
environment.

The primary significance of the play and the movie is to develop the better
scene in the last part, as the last part has been shown better effectiveness in the sad
part. The main dramatic scene is partially duplicated with the main play writings.
The movie has mainly depicted the main screenplay of Dhankor baa, which is the
specific character mainly related to the better attractiveness in the screenplay (Karim
& Mondal, 2020). Raam Leela has been clearly and wholly tempted that the entire
story is a reference to the main characteristics of readaptation of literary work from
Bollywood films. The main interest in the story is to develop better reviews for the
audience, which can give particular regard to the affectivity of usage on music and
dances. Here is the leading comparison between the literary work and the movie, and
all of the much should be used for feedback from the audience.

4.7 Last scene of both movie and Shakespearean literary work

The last scene is the most tragic part of both the literary and movie and is to
be depicted as the fight, enmity and social conflict of all the parts of the play and
drama between two families. One family is described in the middle ear, and the
other has been depicted in the 20th century. As per the opinion of Temirova (2021),
the sad part of any literary work has been depicted as the particular interest to
showcase the sad desertion of human life with the forbidden love of literature. Both
the families in both cases are related to the massive fight against each other that
made significant societal issues. All of the people in both societies remain frightened
by the activity of both families. All the anger, enmity and embrace are not fulfilling

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the love of "Romeo and Juliet" and, on the other hand, the love relation between
Ram and Leela.

The last of "Romeo and Juliet" shows that Juliet has decided to take an
opinion that can pretend to be dead for 12 hours, though this was unaware (Main
Site Menu, 2022). This makes Romeo finally attempt suicide with his sword after
seeing Juliet dead. Just after that, Juliet learned that Romeo got attention to murder;
these also attempted suicide best to him. Likewise, the movie has also depicted the
scene in the last part where both Ram and Leela get killed by each other with the
help of a gun, and they fall into the swimming pool of the Senera mansion (Kumar,
2021). The last scene of "Romeo and Juliet" is described with most suicide cases and
the movie Ram-Leela.

Figure 4.19: Theme of "Romeo and Juliet"

(Source: Self-developed)

Shakespeare describes the value of emotion and relationship through the

famous drama "Romeo and Juliet". This plot is adapted by the Bollywood director
Sanjay Leela Bhansali to portray the value of the emotional relationship. As per the
opinion of Liu and Yu (2020), Shakespeare portrays this story in the context of
Verona city of Italy and considers the country's social culture. On the other hand,
Bollywood movies are made in the context of the Gujarati culture of India. These

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two cultures are different from each other. Directors of the movie approach Gujarati
culture to make movies more realistic to the Indian audience, and this realistic
presentation helps to connect with the movie's story. The drama is written based on
history, and portraying this story in an Indian context is difficult for the director.

Figure 4.20: Theme of Sanjay Leela Bhansali’s Movies

(Source: Self-developed)

Directors consider the culture, speaking nature, religion, festivals and other
social aspects, which are essential to make an impactful movie based on the drama
of Shakespeare.

The directors of this movie used Gujarati speaking style, dress, festival and
social thinking at the time of making the movie. The factors of society help to
highlight themes of the drama, which are essential parts of the movie. In the drama,
two powerful families are showered with immense hatred for each other. In the
movie, two Gujarati families are shown to portray the drama's plot. As per the
opinion of Ferguson et al., (2021), conflict is shown in the movie to find out the
reason for the immense hatred between the families. Violence between the families
is highlighted to understand the importance of the conflict between the two Gujarati
families.

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Figure 4.21: Lead Characters of Drama and Movie

(Source: Self-developed)

The power of love is an essential theme of the drama, and through the
character of "Romeo and Juliet", this power of love is portrayed. According to Liu
and Yu (2020), Romeo's effort to stop the conflict between the two families is the
power of love highlighted in this drama. On the other hand, in the movie, this power
of love is also highlighted through the characters of Ram and Leela. Sacrifices of the
character are the significant aspects to highlight the power of love through both
movie and drama. Shakespeare tries to show the impact of love, which can stop the
conflict between two families, and in the movie, the director also tries to educate the
audience about the harmful impact of conflict. Realization is the key element of the
movie to attract the audience, and as a result, the movie can impress a large number
of the public.

In the whole drama avoiding hatred between the families is shown through
the love of "Romeo and Juliet". As per the opinion of Yuldashevna and
Abdijalilovna (2019), the power of love shows the impact of conflict, which can
destroy "Romeo and Juliet"'s life. The directors adapted this plot so the love of Ram
and Leela is highlighted in the movie. This adaptation helps provide the audience
with new experiences to enjoy in the theater. This movie experience is unique to the
audience, and Sanjay Leela Bhansali's directorial style gives these movies new
touches for making an impactful movie. A large number of people enjoyed this
movie, and for this reason, many awards were provided to the team for the movie.
Considering these success factors of the movie encourages the directors to try to
adapt more drama to make Bollywood movies.

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The power of hatred is another central theme of this drama and is highlighted
in the movie. According to the statement of Yuldashevna and Abdijalilovna (2019),
the relationship of the lead character is not considered by the families due to the
immense hatred of their families. In the movie, their sacrifice is portrayed to
understand the hatred of two Gujarati families. In the context of Indian culture, the
film directors succeeded in showing the impact of hatred in society. Audiences get
opportunities to experience a new plot of immense hatred which can destroy one's
life.

On the other hand, violence is an important aspect of this movie which is an

essential part of the movie. In such a movie, showing violence is necessary to create
a better cinematic situation which can provide unique feelings to the audience. This
unique experience is the core element to attract people to watch the movie.

Critical acclaim is also provided to the directors for this impactful drama
adaptation. As per the opinion of Liu and Yu (2020), the obligation of families is an
essential fact of society, and in the past, this fact is highlighted by Shakespeare. In
the present time, this social fact is also highlighted through the movie Sanjay Leela
Bhansali. One's intentions and desires have no value before the family's obligation.
"Romeo and Juliet" cannot win in society before the obligation of society, and this
reality of society is portrayed through the story of drama. This social fact is also
shown in the Bollywood movie, and the directors of the movie succeeded in
portraying this fact of the drama. Violence and death are two of the main themes of
Shakespeare's drama; this theme is also highlighted through this dream.

Death of "Romeo and Juliet" has maintained the tradition of the theme. On
the other hand, the director of the movie has shown the death of Ram and Leela,
which is proof of following Shakespeare's tradition. Maintaining the tradition of
Shakesprtea's drama is the central aspect of the adaptation of the drama, and this
tradition helps to impress the audience with the emotional ending of the movie.
Using the drama's plot, directors get opportunities to highlight social issues affecting
human life. The importance of relationships is ignored due to these social issues, and
the audience gets opportunities to realize the impact of the social issues through

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movies. According to Das, (2018), Sanjay Leela Bhansali uses Gujarati culture and
tradition to portray the plot of "Romeo and Juliet" drama in movies. Impactful
adaptation is required to improve the quality of art and culture of movies.

Audience feedback is necessary to measure the quality of films, and this

movie succeeded in attracting many people. Success and audience feedback are
positive for this movie; for this reason, other directors will encourage the adaptation
of Shakespeare's drama in the future. As per the opinion of Kelly (2019), the nature
of Shakespeare's character is deep and realistic in the context of society. For this
reason, the directors chose the drama of the dramatist, which is an essential aspect of
the drama. In "Romeo and Juliet", the drama centers on "Romeo and Juliet"'s deep
character, which impresses many people, and the Bollywood director considers
adapting this drama for making Bollywood movies. Audiences are interested in
enjoying such characters through enjoying movies in the context of the movie. On
the other hand, the realistic context of the movies provides opportunities for the
audience to think about the social factors which affect human life.

Emotional attachment is an essential aspect of this drama, and this emotional

attachment helps to attract people to watch the movies. The parameters of the
characters are the most valuable part of Shakespeare's drama, and most filmmakers
approach the dramas considering the parameters of the characters. According to Das,
(2018), Sanjay Leela Bhansali approaches the parameters of the character of this
drama to make an impactful movie to provide a unique experience to the audience.
The director of this movie portrays the movie's character following the style of
Shakespeare, and this initiative helps impress people. Influence is essential to
develop the character of a movie. "Romeo and Juliet's character influences this
movie's directors, and this influence helps the filmmakers make an impactful movie.
Many songs are used in this movie to describe the situation of the movie, which is
discussed in the drama. On the other hand, creating situations is essential to provide
a cinematic feel to the audience.

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Literature Movie

Figure 4.2.3.8: Contribution of Literature in Movies

(Source: Self-developed)

Most Bollywood directors use songs to create cinematic situations that can
improve the movie's artistic value. Introducing new movie concepts is essential to
making new movies in Bollywood. Per Janosov, Battiston and Sinatra's (2020)
opinion, literature significantly contributes to the movie industry and inspires most
directors to make movies. Shakespeare is a famous dramatist, and in the drama, this
dramatist has many layers of characters required for the movie. Layers of character
are impactful in providing the audience with value-oriented movies.

4.8 Findings
In this discussion, how all the Bollywood movies are depicted is well
explained throughout the chapter, and many things are explained in detail.
Adaptation of Macbeth in "Maqbool", a reflection of Othello in "Omkara", a critical
evaluation of "Haider" in the light of Hamlet, and an adaptation of "Romeo and
Juliet" in "Goliyon Ki Rasleela: Ram-Leela" is well explained throughout the
discussion. From the perspective of Chatterjee, (2022), the film "Maqbool" depicts
all the incidents that occurred anytime in Mumbai city. The same scenario is made in
the same sense as the Macbeth of Shakespeare's play, where Macbeth is making a
rival with Duncan, the Godfather of Scotland.

In the film, it is shown that "Maqbool" murdered Don Abbaji to capture the
power of Mumbai city. "Maqbool" always tries to do something more like his loved
one, Nimmi and tries to impress them that he can donate for her. Nimmi, whom
"Maqbool" loves by heart, tells of killing the power of Mumbai, who is no one like
the underground Don Abbaji. "Maqbool" falls in love with Nimmi, Jahangir Khan's
wife. Nimmi convinced "Maqbool" to be ambitious and take over the empire of

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Jahangir Khan. After getting inspiration from Nimmi, he reminds him to think it is
necessary to clear the obstacles to grab the empire. "Maqbool" betrayed Jahangir
Khan and murdered him in Jahangir Khan's bed. After this murder, "Maqbool" and
Nimmi were haunted by the ghosts of their treacherous jobs.

In making the exact similarity of the play of Shakespeare's Macbeth, the

main intention was to murder Duncan and keep the passion that one day he would be
the king of Scotland. Therefore, universal themes of lust, desire and temptation are
beautifully expressed through the character of both Macbeth and "Maqbool". As per
the opinion of Choi (2019), both the character Nimmi and Macbeth are depicted as a
representation of the evil character, and the director, "Maqbool" Vishal Bhardwaj, is
trying to add some twisting parts to his movie. The main intention of his move is to
depict Mumbai's nature in front of the general people. Furthermore, Vishal
Bhardwaj also tries to give ideas of the political activities occurring in front of
familiar people, but they have not heard anything about them.

The plot of Macbeth consists of the issues like sin, lust, power and passion
but most importantly, the political activities in front of the general public. Per the
opinion of Rotstein (2018), the main motto of the director was that Vishal Bhardwaj
could tell society how all the work was going. The main intention of the "Maqbool"
movie is to expose all the social issues created by the political leader in front of
ordinary people and force them to do anything. "Maqbool" is trying to remove this
Godfather who is controlling the ordinary people's lives, and Nimmi, whom he loves
too much, also tells of killing the Godfather of the Mumbai city Abbaji. In the play,
the same consequence happened when Macbeth tried to kill and permanently sought
the scope by chance he could kill Duncan, the Don of Scotland.

Lady Macbeth persuades Macbeth to kill king Duncan to get his throne and
remove all social barriers in society, and finally, Macbeth successfully does that.
From the perspective of Evans, (2018), Macbeth kills Duncan and becomes the king
of Scotland, and it is seen that Duncan's people murder the best friend of Macbeth
Banquo. As Macbeth kills their king and returns, the people also kill his best friend.
In the play, it is depicted that Macbeth begins to think that he is invincible, and at a

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time, lady Macbeth commits suicide as she is also a target of his husband's enemy.
These are all shown in the play, and similar thighs are depicted in the movie
"Maqbool". Pankaj Kapoor played the character of Jahangir Khan (Abbaji).

All the people were loyal to this person, and "Maqbool" also was included
with them. Irfan khan was famous for acting in these characters and attracted many
audiences for his beautiful acting and is considered one of the best actors in his
career. Per the opinion of Kowsar (2021), the character of Macbeth was represented
through the character of "Maqbool" in this film and was played by Irfan Khan. It is
said that Irfan Khan presented many appraisable performances and got good
feedback from the audience, but after doing the "Maqbool" movie, his career turned
into a different approach. It is seen that over the years, the film "Maqbool", an
adaptation of William Shakespeare's play Macbeth, put him in a remarkable position
on the map of the acting industry.

The novel also arranges modern society's nature based on criminal activity.
The choice of Othello angered it as a lieutenant, and instead of many similarities,
some differences have been found by matching the actions of both play and movies.
Apart from that, the climax of the movie realizes the fact that the whole plot was
designed against him by Langda. Shakespeare's drama has been expounded
differently by their traditions and beliefs in various cultures, and all the stages have
also settled in the respective cultures. As per the opinion of Quiring (2020), in the
play, an embroidered handkerchief, the little gift of Desdemona and Othello, creates
an opportunity for Iago. Iago receives this handkerchief from Emilia, his wife, and
drops it in Michael Casio's room.

In contrast, in the movie, while Dolly and "Omkara" are making love,
"Omkara" asks her to wear Kamarband (an ornament worn around the waist), which
she records from his ancestors. This object is stolen by Indu, who is the wife of
Langda and a friend of Dolly and later goes into the hand of Langda in the process
of taking revenge on "Omkara". Omi listened to all the words of Langda, who was
telling the imaginary softy to his friends and demanded Dolly produce the Kamar

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bandh. They may be presented throughout the movie as not only the erotic symbol
but also carry the cross objects of the presence of their ancestors.

The play ends with a tragic scene where Othello asks Desdemona to pray for
God and abuses her with the words Othello: If you bethink yourself of any crime
Reconciled as yet to heaven and grace, Solicit for it straight. (Sen, 2019). Othello
wants to ensure the beer and asks what sins she has committed. Desdemona defends
herself in response to Othello's accusations. On the other hand, in the movie,
"Omkara" reaches home and immediately informs that Kesu is no more and throws
the Kamarband towards Dolly. She was heed to see that about missing things and
ignoring everything. Still unaware of Kesu (Kab se garam kar rahi hai Kesu ka bistar
- How long have you been in relation with Kesu?), she is perplexed and not
understanding the behavior of the "Omkara". To do this, "Omkara" tries to hide his
face in the pillow. The movie ends with "Omkara" lying under the swing where her
murderer Dolly and commits suicide after realizing his weakness.

The adaptation of the movie from Shakespeare's drama has proven its
universality of thoughts, which fits into the Indian milieu. The actors' universality of
human characters has been observed and given in the written genre. Per the opinion
of Sharma et al.,. (2022), Vishal Bhardwaj, the director, designed the scenes
sequentially and all the dialogues and situations in an almost quite similar manner to
the original play. The most likely successful accomplishment is sticking to the
original text and the challenges. Though there are many challenges compared to the
play, which is not possible, the movie director tries as much as possible to engage all
the toughest from the play. It successfully brought the audience's attention, and his
work predicts all of the vestibule adaptations of his movie concepts and aids, which
are borrowed from Shakespeare's play. Revenge, Corruption and religion, madness
and politics are the common issues in both movie and play.

"Haider" is an Indian film adapted from Shakespeare's Hamlet play. It is

based on the setting of the insurgency torn off Kashmir in 1995 and an effective
dispute between India and Pakistan. Similarly, it opens a brief introduction on the
idea and conception that brought "Haider" on the existence of describing the

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characterization, the political aspects and a lot more that shows the dramatic device
on society. Revenge in society is standard, and every person is taking this on another
in case there are gaps between them, and this is seen in the "Haider" movie and
Hamlet play both. Revenge, Corruption and religion, madness and politics are
common issues in both film and play since both the movie and the play are the
tender love story of "Haider"-Arshia or Hamlet-Ophelia.

It portrays the whole topic that leads to the death of the people, and both
Claudius and Polonius do the conspiracies. Love is the primary side of the play and
the movie, making the whole play and movie a thriller. Due to love and affection,
the murder of anyone is the play's central theme. That same consequence goes to the
Hider too, where Arshia is the journalist and in love with the "Haider", but the
tragedy keeps the daughter from the "Haider" so that she cannot meet the "Haider".
As per the opinion of Wilkinson (2019), it opens a brief introduction on the idea and
conception that brought "Haider" the existence of describing the characterization,
the political aspects and a lot more that shows the dramatic device on society. In
society, many issues developed during that time, making it impossible for people to
form a relationship with each other.

Revenge in society is a common idea, and every individual is engaged in that

part in case they do not meet satisfaction with each other. Most importantly, there
are communication gaps. The "Haider" movie and Hamlet play are explicitly seen,
and other things, such as corruption, are highlighted daily in the whole play and the
movie. From the perspective of Quiring (2020), "Haider" is one of the famous
adaptations of one of Shakespeare's essential plays named Hamlet. In the movie, all
the roles are beautifully designed and critically acclaimed in the adaptations. The
story is about 1995 when both Pakistan and India are preparing to engage in war,
capturing the motive of Kashmir. The young man confronted his uncle by watching
some suspicious incidents related to his father's disappearance. The character
"Haider" found that the Indian army and Kashmir police are also associated with the
overall incidents. The father of "Haider" was a doctor and helped the Kashmiri
militant. This increases a different security-related question for "Haider"'s father.

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After returning from Kashmir, "Haider" knows his father is missing, and the
entire family confirms that he has been unavailable for the last week. After learning
about the father's disappearance, "Haider" starts to search for his father madly but
cannot find him. After searching for many days, he finds out his mother is in a
relationship with his uncle and is seeking the opportunity to live with him.
According to the statement of Chatterjee, (2022), "Haider" suspects it might be his
uncle and mother making the plan to kill his father and hide in many places. Like a
spy, "Haider" wants to know the actual reason and finally learns that his uncle is the
main culprit for having his mother (Tabu) kill his father. Then, he plans to take
revenge by killing his uncle with his hand. "Haider" was also shocked when he saw
his mother and to see his mother singing and laughing along with her brother-in-law,
Khurram (Kay Kay Menon) and unable to understand the mother's behavior.

By being able to find his father, Ghazala and Khurram lead "Haider" to
inform Arshia about the meeting with Roohdar and tell him that Roohdar gave them
a gun to kill Khurram. "Haider" always tries to remove those enemies who are the
main culprit in killing his father but lacking the proper information; he cannot do
that. Arshia told this to Parvevz and gave his report to Khurram that "Haider"
wanted to kill him as he already knew all the stuff about this mother and their
relationship. From the perspective of Evans, (2018), Khurram considered sending
"Haider" to a mental institution to fix his mind as he thought "Haider" might be
beautiful with his brain and could not understand everything correctly. The
following day "Haider" tried to kill Khurram, but Parvez stopped "Haider" and
decided to execute him. At that time, "Haider" could escape from this place and
reach the buried location of Hilal. The movie's ending was one of the most
emotional recently, and all the hope Arshia encounters the stranger and Roohdar
who asks her to inform.

The same thing is brought in the case of Shakespeare's play Hamlet where
the ghost of the king in Denmark tells his son Hamlet to avenge his murder by
killing the new king, who is Hamlet's uncle. This is because his uncle disturbs his
mother every time in documents without seeing anyone. Hamlet feigns madness and
sconce patents life of the dead and seeks revenge anyhow, and it is shown that his

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uncle can understand his motive and face the people to kill hamlet. Hamlet is
unaware that his uncle already knows his reason and engages the people behind him
to kill.

One day in Denmark, Hamlets meet the Hortaion in the graveyard (alone
with the gravedigger), where there are chances to kill his uncle but the Ophelia
funeral procession arrives at the same time and unevenly to kill. He committed
himself to this situation by thinking, 'What luck!' Hamlet's Laertes, the orphan
brother, took him to court. After that, it is seen that a duel is arranged between
Laertes and Hamlet, and at that time, Claudius conspires with Laertes to kill Hamlet.
Both are planned either on a poisoned rapier or with poisoned wine. As per the
opinion of Trivedi (2018), the plans go awry when Gertrude unwittingly drinks from
the poison. Then Laertes and Hamlet are wounded by the poisoned blade, and
Laertes dies. Hamlet, in his death, kills Claudius and Hamlet dies leaving Horatio by
expanding the political aspects and a lot more that shows the dramatic device on
society.

Shakespearean plays have inspired Bollywood to work enormous ways to

flourish Indian English literature in India. There are a lot of English plays that have
been transformed into a local language. Indian people have chosen foreign literature
for some characters, and the features resemble Indian culture. According to the
statement of Arakkal (2020), Bollywood reveals some Shakespearean plays to
provide clarity of foreign literature. Several movies draw the attention of Indians,
such as Ram Leela, "Maqbool", "Omkara", and "Haider". Shakespeare has changed
the worldwide film industry to develop at the inspiration of Shakespearean plays.
The film industry has been tremendously involved in Shakespearean plays to make
more attractive movies and satisfy the audience. The Shakespearean play highlights
the thrill and merry-making after watching a movie.

The Shakespearean play reveals various characters to provide more charm to

the plays such as comedy, history and tragedy. Per Moonik et al.,. (2020) opinion,
the Shakespearean play shows history, such as the emperor and princess and their
characteristics for producing many critical situations. The play has provided much

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simplicity and transparency for the audience to bring satisfaction. There are several
Indian movies revealed for the fine work of Shakespeare. Bollywood adopts its ideas
from foreign plays. Plays get charming features and splendid jobs appropriate for
reproducing through the film. People of India have shown great interest in
Shakespearean plays. Bollywood takes ideas for the Shakespearean play for its
excellent work. The movie has a lot of love, affection and tragedy for a fine
exhibition through the film. Some greatest plays of Shakespeare include Othello,
Hamlet, "Romeo and Juliet" and Macbeth.

Vishal Bhardwaj's film concepts have been taken from the Shakespearean
play to utilize Shakespeare's finest work. Macbeth is a dramatic play that introduces
the mythological portion through this play. According to the statement of Shet
(2022), a comparison study of English literature involved in the culture of India and
fine exhibitions through Bollywood. A variety of linguistics and culture needs to be
developed and seek prosperity in the nation. The play provides several dimensions
for introduction in various forms such as art, painting, dance, music and film. Play
includes philosophy, psychology, history, politics, sociology and science. There are
various dimensions to be introduced among the population; hence film becomes a
more crucial portion. "Maqbool"'s idea has been taken from Macbeth, and a
comparative analysis of this film is associated with "Maqbool". There is a slight
difference compared with the play and the movie.

Some crucial scenes have been developed for Macbeth and deployed on
digital devices to create a movie. At the start of the play, it has been so attractive for
innovation creation. As per Lir et al.,. (2022) opinion, the new product from the
Shakespearean play provides a vital role in the movie on its excellent design. The
film reveals specific ideas and concepts about the play and offers proper
visualization in the theater. The first start has always been impressive for its delicate
and attractive work. Bollywood reveals Indian culture to all people. Indian culture
has various types and follows different procedures in multiple regions. The movie
has brought new techniques to get ideas from Indian culture. "Maqbool" provides a
brief Idea about Indian culture.

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Macbeth reveals superstition and mythology have been connected in the

play. Bhardwaj has been intruding about what has been made in the movies. There
are various unreal hypotheses to introduce in the movie. According to Sumod et al.,.
(2021), Bollywood movies are the medium for presenting the actual scenario of the
play. "Maqbool" movie is an acceptable expression of Shakespearean play for better
understanding. Macbeth has been introducing mythological scenes in the play, and
the "Maqbool" movie reproduces that. Macbeth's play reveals the crime of the
murder of Duncan, and the murder of Banquo has been highlighted through this
movie. The main ambition of Macbeth was to become king for his role in the region.
The Macbeth imagination has come into being after killing King Duncan. Macbeth
has become king and set on the throne, and the watchman is to claim as a victim for
killing the king.

The watchman has drunk a poisonous drink for a long time, and Macbeth
killed the king. After that, everybody knew that the watchman had killed the king.
"Maqbool" also murders Abba ji as per jealousy and misunderstanding of their love
affair in the movie. The play has many scenarios, and the fine arts exhibition has
satisfied the local audience. The film highlights love and affection in the current
system. According to Rai et al.,. (2020), both Macbeth and "Maqbool" movies have
the same night scenario and different perspectives and ideas. Bhardwaj reveals this
modification of the film and its screenplay. There is a massive character interchange,
such as Lady Macbeth to Macbeth's wife and afterwards who has an affair with
Macbeth. There becomes a complicated relationship and an experience with
Macbeth. The journey of "Maqbool" from Abba ji to a favorable man is to murder
him. The significance of mentioning that the murder of Duncan is irrelevant in the
movie for bringing differences between Macbeth and "Maqbool". Macbeth is an
imaginary portion and more prosperous and charming in the play.

"Romeo and Juliet" were shown in a movie hence collecting ideas about
Shakespearean play. Ram Leela has a proper introduction to romantic cinema. From
the viewpoint of Dhara (2022), Ram Leela has been provided as a romantic love
movie from two rival families. There are many obstacles between the beloved and
facing destruction in the prosperity of love. The film reveals the condition of two

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extraordinary people who have to endure to survive. The Shakespearean play has
provided romantic plots for the play. This play is about the most melancholy and sad
scenes in the play. Ram Leela has revealed the situation of individuals in the movie.
There are fundamental differences between Ram Leela and "Romeo and Juliet", as
indicated in the scenario of the king's palace. The Ram Leela is a romantic movie
whose central theme was taken from Rajasthan, two rich family stories.

Ram Leela has been highlighted from the village scenario to clarify this
movie. According to the statement of Wahid (2020), "Romeo and Juliet"'s play has
two historical themes to be highlighted. "Romeo and Juliet" have fallen in love with
each other, and there is great distress for them. Ram Leela has been converted into a
local language to understand local people better. Ram Leela has been a pleasing
revelation of the local language for bringing more connection with "Romeo and
Juliet". Two lovers have fallen in love, and there is no scope for them to meet each
other for the continuation of the relationship. As per the opinion of Weindling
(2020), Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet reflects that quarrels and rage between two
families destroy the robust and lovable bond between Juliet and Romeo. Two
wealthy families have a great rivalry with each other and cannot get an opportunity
for a solution. Both families disagree about their relationship; hence, both lovers
commit suicide.

Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet" is slightly different from the Ram Leela.
Romeo had fallen in love with Juliet, met her, and conveyed love. Romeo has been
deeply affectionate to him as he cannot survive without her. Juli et al.,so loved him
so much despite having various obstacles. As per the opinion of Chatterjee, (2022),
the Ram Leela movie is an excellent revelation of the central theme. "Romeo and
Juliet" have been planning to lead their lives. The play has a good portrayal of the
disclosure of the fact in recent situations. This play interlinks the Indians for a
proper understanding of real life. Shakespearean plays have been enormously
involved in Indian life. It is a fine exhibition of the play about some realistic and
hypothetical also included in the play. "Romeo and Juliet" has been provided with a
love and romantic scenario.

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The play has taught many morals for adoption in Indian films. According to
Yang et al.,. (2018), the film aims and aims to introduce real things necessary for
people's lifestyles. Indians have much more influence on different types of movies
such as love, horror and tragedy for making merriment and enjoying their life. There
are various scenarios of this play for introducing it through Ram Leela. The play
"Romeo and Juliet" is one of the critical plays for its romantic love. The recent play
presentation is a magnificent work for the Shakespearean as it is suitable for the
comparative audience. Shakespeare has written a play about two teenage lovers with
a strong affection for each other. This play becomes a great tragedy, and that is
adopted in the movie for sharing the fundamental theme of "Romeo and Juliet".

"Romeo and Juliet" is considered one of Shakespeare's magnificent plays and

transformation into a film for different dialects. The Ram Leela film was a success at
the time of its publication. "Romeo and Juliet" is the most successful play in the
transformation in the modernization of teenagers. As per the opinion of Arvas et al.,
(2020), "Omkara" is a skilful revealing of the Uttar Pradesh political calamity with
some national problems. Bhardwaj highlights Shakespearean dramatic plays, and
their character is well reflected in this movie. Othello is the Shakespearean play that
is well represented in this movie. However, a difference in setting can be noticed in
Othello and "Omkara". Othello is set in Venice, whereas "Omkara" is set in Uttar
Pradesh. "Omkara" has been well-represented in the political turmoil of Uttar
Pradesh. Many scenarios are not shown in the movie's opening scene, such as the
marriage of "Omkara" and Dolly. There are various ceremonies represented in the
film.

"Omkara" has been represented through marriage ceremonial and ethical

favor for describing it. "Omkara" has committed a crime against Dolly and Kesu by
assuming their love affair. Desdemona placed a handkerchief in an odd place for
which the tragedy was coming to an end. "Omkara" interrupts Dolly and Rajju's
marriage as "Omkara" has been having an affair with Dolly. There is a ceremonial
love celebration with "Omkara" and Dolly. This celebration has been a miserable
condition for the groom. Beautiful landscapes have been finely shown in the movie
for good deliberation, The central theme of the Shakespearean play. The play reveals

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the death of a wife on the wedding night as the misconception of love. The husband
assumes his wife has been having an affair with another personality in the play. The
"Omkara" movie shows Dolly lying on the floor in a red sari. This movie shows a
dreadful scenario and a beautiful conceptual understanding of the play. The play has
revealed such complex characters, and while producing the film, it adds some
attractive and charming portions that can generate extra entertainment. Several
innovative ideas have been taken from the Shakespearean play. There is a fantastic
scenario in the movie where bahubali sees his blood in the mirror.

There are various problems in the film, providing ceremonial anger in the
modification is to come immediately. As per the opinion of Hasan, (2020), Langda
has been asked to reveal the name of the bahubali that is seen in the Shakespearean
play. Uttar Pradesh has shown political and socio-culture. There have been many
different cultures in the other states of India. Uttar Pradesh has revealed the turmoil
of their political stability in the form. Corrupt political leaders have polluted schools,
colleges and hospitals in recent times. Many other political problems that arise in the
state are revealed through the "Omkara" movie.

The last film of Bhardwaj is adapted from the Hamlet play by Shakespeare
and was published in 2014. "Haider" movie reveals the main plot from Kashmir. As
Kashmir is being snatched from Indians, that briefly expresses itself in the film. The
Hamlet play is also informed about jealousy for not having a position and reputation
in the palace. Hamlet's uncle has a great ambition to become king in their kingdom
for having a high profile and reputation. To occupy the throne from his elder brother
and take up the king's charge. Hamlet's uncle married his mother after the murder of
his father. Hamlet gets angry at his uncle for his mischievous activity. The "Haider"
movie has revealed various laws for the Indian army that have to be maintained by
them. There is a fatal fight between India and Pakistan to participate in their country.
The army has been given instructions and permitted any soldier to shoot and use
capability in an inevitable fight. The movie reveals several army tents to provide
them with more concentration and support them. There were many people seen in
prison, and some were molested inhumanly. "Haider"'s father was performing the
role of a doctor in the movie for a well-maintained operation for an injured army in

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battle ground. The people in the form of refugees have been attacking the Indian
army. The film is also a portrayal of betrayal among the people of Pakistan. The
Hamlet play is about jealousy and having a position in high rank. Hamlet's uncle
marries his mother and is killed because of jealousy in the play.

The play, Hamlet, has provided a significant role for Hamlet, and his
ambition is to take revenge for his father's death. The "Haider" movie creates a
heroic form of "Haider", its character and the features of the film. As per the opinion
of Javed (2021), "Haider" fought in the valley of Kashmir to create horrific
conditions in the play. The "Haider" was kept to resemble the Hamlet of
Shakespearean play for better correlation in the play. The Shakespearean play is
transferred into the ghost specification for its exhibition. Hamlet play is also
provided as the main character of Hamlet in the Shakespearean play. The play also
has a representation of ghosts in the play as Hamlet has to take revenge for his
father's death. Hamlet's uncle becomes king and marries his mother. Hamlet gets
angry towards his uncle for doing such a big crime. The film also showed a betrayal
scene reflecting a Shakespearean play in the "Haider" movie. Haml et al.,so
concedes that Hamlet would kill his uncle. Hamlet would feel relaxed after killing
his uncle. There is a portrayal of Hamlet as charming and so attractive to the
audience.

Bismil has expressed Hamlet's play as the betrayal of "Haider" is found at

that time this music has been played. According to the statement of Javed (2020),
Haidar is the bold character in the movie that Bhardwaj introduces and reveals
through his film. This movie is finely shown in the Kashmir valley and highlights
the various issues that must be resolved. The "Haider" has been taken from Hamlet
to highlight the attractive landscape. The "Haider" movie was successful when it
was published and has gotten well, fame and financially.

This movie has analyzed the Shakespearean play and its implication in the
film. The play has provided many experiences about crimes, such as inhuman
behavior and calamity. This movie is mainly interpreting the Kashmir valley battle
with the Pakistan army. There is a culture signifying the culture and behavior shown

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in the film. According to the statement of Dhara (2022), many plays by Shakespeare
have been taken for extra joy and merriment. Shakespeare has been famous
worldwide as a filmmaker for adopting Shakespearean plays. Several movies have
been adapted from Shakespearean madness to satisfy the audience. The plays have
been taught from a teaching perspective in different organizations. These plays are
converted into various languages for better understanding. The movie has provided
digital ways to offer more simplification getting the concepts of the play.

There are four plays, including Macbeth, Hamlet, Othello, and "Romeo and
Juliet" Shakespeare has revealed different thoughts and ideas to provide more
enjoyment about the play. The movie has created a correlation to better connect with
play. As per Woodcock (2019), plays of Shakespeare have shown an enormous
animated exhibition of the play. Shakespearean plays are more attractive and
provide a more excellent rhythm for the simplicity of the play. Ram Leela is a story
of love about "Romeo and Juliet" which is the fine masterpiece of Shakespeare. Ram
Leela is a producer of Bhansali and is well-appreciated for the movie's best feature.
This movie provides a real love scene and is rich in more romantic movies. There is
a nuanced portrayal and providing animated features of the play. The Shakespearean
play has been provided for the stage programme. Every day and lucid ways to
introduce on the stage programme for reasonable interpretation of the Shakespearean
play in the Indian movie.

A wide range of Shakespearean plays is utilized to make a resemblance and

make it more attractive. The play has been a fine exhibition of Indian movies and
creates different dimensions in Indian film. There have been many plays connected
with Shakespearean plays for producing love, tragedy and affection. The people of
India have been fond of Shakespearean as it provides an exciting scene of the play.
Bollywood has provided different concepts and ideas for the Indian People.

Top Shakespearean plays have been shown for tragedy and love, affection
and attraction for couples. The culture of India is attached to many things, and the
culture of India in every place is different and varies from state to state. The
population is an essential component of recent times, and the many cultural

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amalgamations have destroyed the country's original culture. The culture of India
has been well designed as it has several cultures, and every culture carries some
information about its ancestors. Per the opinion of Parveen (2019), there are many
different characteristics in the Othello play highlighting and showing various
manners; every character of the film carries a different meaning of Indian culture.
"Omkara" is an Indian movie released in 2006, adapted from the well-known drama
of Shakespeare's Othello, co-written & conducted by Vishal Bhardwaj. This movie
reveals the present scenario of India as different sources of politics pollute it.

This is a significant representation of Vishal Bhardwaj's movie "Omkara",

Indian political culture and how the worst situation in Indian politics is beautifully
shown through this movie. The weakness and the vital parts are beautifully
highlighted through this movie, and the power mainly comes from political leaders
and how each uses to control the society is depicted very aggressively. Apart from
this, in the film, the last song of the "Omkara" movie is jag ja, which means wake up
the Indian people to confess the situation. According to Patil Peterson et al.,. (2019),
the "Omkara" movie, influenced by Shakespeare's play Othello, is about various
occasions that have brought multiple characteristics. These characteristics are
nothing but our society's reflection. "Omkara", directed by Vishal Bhardwaj, is an
adaptation that deviates from the original play in the critical rotted conflict in
modern India and the diaspora. The victimization of women operates some
traditional cultural ideals in the society of India. "Omkara" effortlessly adapts all the
plots and the perspectives that accentuate themes of honor and responsibility which
match the central to Indian cultures briefly through this film. Audiences are being
asked to question and redefine pieces entrenched with valuable scenes of the film.

In "Omkara", the institution of marriage is the central and focal point of

Dolly's struggle, which is highlighted through her controversial marital status and
that route for getting married. That impacts the expectation, the ideologies and the
restrictions imposed on her as it also clears; she continues to navigate on them
throughout the film. In most scenes, It is seen that Dolly, the director, is trying to
expose the social issues of Indian culture, and the director himself was successful in
doing that, according to the audience feedback. However, some issues impact the

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whole movie approach that can be more in case these are entirely copied from
Shakespeare's play. As per the opinion of Santos (2019), in the final scene of the
movie, it is seen that one of the most attractive and significant deviations from
Shakespeare's play is Dolly's marital status. Dolly remains unmarried throughout the
film until the last scene, where she is supposed to get married to "Omkara" but,
unfortunately, is murdered by "Omkara" on their wedding night. Unlike Desdemona,
who is bound by martial restrictions as Othello's wife, Dolly is the one that helps her
to leave her progressively abusive and belittles their relationship with "Omkara", but
she disagrees.

This part of Shakespeare's play Othello contrasts the particular stark in the
movie's last scene where "Omkara" offers to spare Dolly's life with "see… the deal
is accepted, I'll spare you your life thinking that she accepts the infidelity of the
accusations". As per Sarwat's (2021) opinion, Dolly responds to "Omkara", "thanks
for the offer, but you are free to take my life", and she folds her hands in gestural-
like cultural ways of submission. After that, Dolly pleads for forgiveness for what
happened without his consent, as she is unaware of what is happening with him and
what will happen. From the perspective of Tatipang (2022), in Othello, Othello is
ruthless in his jealousy of convictions. Desdemona is never given any agency to
cover her life even as she desperately protests her innocence in the following line
"and have you mercy, too. I never did / Offend you in my life, never loved Cassio"
and pleads her own life at the expense of her image and says that "O banish me, my
lord, but kill me not!". In contrast, Desdemona begs to live, but there is no choice
given compared to Dolly, who has the agency to decide her fate but wishes to
surrender her life. Director Bhardwaj raises the questions of the responsibility and
the agency that Dolly might have in her relationship and re-cantering the tragic fate
of India.

Desdemona's death may be attributed to Othello and the silent complicity of

the other male characters in all the societal collusion. The "Omkara" character shows
the normalization of domestic violence at large solely attributing responsibility, and
the society for Dolly's death is seemingly more crucial for the pre-marital agency.
From the perspective of Temirova (2021), Bhardwaj, by this movie "Omkara", gives

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the ideas and exposes the scene and the film overall that is considered the primary
key of the society by the simple word being seeming. However, Dolly is empowered
by the multiplying of the ways in this film and rebels against the patriarchal cultural
norms of the people through her arranged marriage. Dolly professes her love for the
"Omkara" and stands up near her father to defend the societally demonized
interactions of marriage and damask foam the lines that follow the tune of her heart.
Dolly's future challenges all the taboos engaging the pre-marital life with "Omkara"
and tries to show that all the societal barriers can be removed in case they believe.
The love and commitment of Dolly to "Omkara" that Bhardwaj shows in his film
"Omkara" in the final scene shows the decisions that grant her empowerment.

It also helps to lead to her disempowerment in the end with the pressures to
uphold toxic ideals that are wifely responsibilities and protected by her honor.

For instance, Dolly becomes the victim of domestic violence as "Omkara"

hits her rage over the lost Kamarbandh (waistband), which she reflects on as "this is
not the same "Omkara" for whom I gave up home and heart". Dolly also says that
my "Omkara" was a shield that hit me like a precious metal and is represented by the
Indu. According to Vandenbroucke (2018), men and women have always had a pan-
and-ladle equation. Alone, they are miserable, and together, they make one helluva
racket. These scents briefly demonstrate Dolly's weak force, empowering the
decision to marry "Omkara" and leave her own family behind. This character shows
how passionately she loves "Omkara", and due to pre-marital life with him further
renders her unbaling the home and condemns her life and honor. Dolly's defeat and
passive acceptance of her death in the final scene prove that her despair drives the
patriarchal condemnation of marital agency.

In another deviation from Shakespeare's Play Othello, Dolly foreshadows her

death as she plans to commit suicide on the night of her wedding. This lady was to
be arranged and had to be married by her father, and he told "Omkara", "put me
down in the list of those you have slain". This kind of nature of this scene in the
movie further highlights the tragic significance of the wedding night in the last
scene. Dolly is in a situation where she has died at her husband's or her father's hand.

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As per Vasileiou's (2018) opinion, in his portrayal of Dolly's character in the final
scene, it is clearly shown how the presence of consequence disrupts innocence, and
the failure of love impacts his overall mindset. Bhardwaj highlights Dolly's struggle
not only within a relationship and marriage but is externally oppressive like
Desdemona's and through the internalization of those oppressive ideologies and
narratives regarding responsibility that are exposed throughout the movie.

Honor and despite having the agency and the empowerment to act otherwise,
he subjected her to the same tragic fate beautifully depicted in Shakespeare's Othello
with Desdemona. In "Omkara", all the characters are developed in the Indian
context, which is a significant change in the adaptation of this drama. In this movie,
local culture and language are added to portray the characters deeply. Many
elements of diary politics are added in this movie at the time of developing
characters of this movie.

As per the opinion of Verstraete (2018), in the original drama, the history
and war of Vietnam and Turkey are used when describing the drama's scenario. The
personality of the lead character is essential in a Bollywood movie. The audience
can connect with the surface when watching the film, and this technique of the
directors helps to engage the audience with the movie. This initiative of filmmakers
is critical in attracting her audience to watch movies in theaters. Visualization of the
songs is used to express emotions and relationships of the characters which are
defined in the movie. This visualization of the character helps to enjoy the scenario
of the situation and significantly impacts the audience.

A significant deviation from Shakespeare's play is that the main characters

are related, like Indu is "Omkara"'s sister and Langda, his brother-in-law, and such
kind makes the betrayal and the tragedy in the final scene. From the perspective of
Tatipang (2022), The more profound Indian culture highly reverses loyalty and
honor. The main deviation of this sets it to Shakespeare's original in the film of the
scene and arguably to the entire movie. Indu avenges Dolly's death and deception as
she is killed by her husband, who belittles her, destroys her family, and chooses that
honor against the patriarchal structure of the family. The same things happen in the

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assertive personality and adamantanes of her defense of Desdemona's fidelity. In her

strong character, Emilia condemns Othello for his actions and confronts his drawn
sword by stating, 'Do thy worst! Or this deed of thine is no more worthy heaven.
Than thou west worthy her.'

Emilia refuses to remain silent in her revelations at the truth that despite the
marital and societal repercussions, and will be stating, 'No, I will speak as liberal as
the north. / Let heaven and men and devils, let them all, All, all, cry shame against
me, yet I'll speak' and by this line, Emilia densities that Dolly loved unwavering and
pure love for his mistress. However, unlike Indu, she is of lower social status and
does not share the family dynamic with Othello or Desdemona, which significantly
undermines her power and incentives.

The conspiracy of Iago is portrayed in Othello, and this character is

responsible for doubting Desdemona by Othello. Challenging Desdemona is the
central theme of this drama, and this doubting fact is accountable for decreasing the
love and beliefs of Desdemona. In the movie "Omkara", the conspiracy of Langda
Tyagi leads "Omkara" to increase doubting in Dolly, questioning the reason for the
decrease in love and affection between these two characters. According to the
statement of Patil (2020), Shakespeare shows that white and black marriage in
society helps to maintain the balance of equal rights in society. In his film,
"Omkara" Bhardwaj also focused on depicting Indu's face in the moments before
killing Langda Tyagi. It is considered the great mirror that characterizes the features.
This parole to Hindu deities is the acne of significance since earlier in the Indian
film and Indu fervently questions "Omkara"'s misogynistic objectification of
women. In the addition of Othello as "Omkara", Bhardwaj thus adapts the critiques
of misogynists and issues of Elizabethan society that are mainly prevalent in modern
Indian culture. It also helps to highlight the ideologies of honor and the
responsibility that is sinusitis of the marriage between the two families and is the
primary central Indian audience. As per the opinion of Xu (2020), the deafferenting
of Dolly and Indu in the last scene of his film, Bhardwaj empowers all the characters
in their marriage and family, respectively. "Omkara" is particularly significant in the
critique that conflict stems from the partial resistance to shifting the feminist culture

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ideology. This conflict arising from the doctrines and the cultural beliefs deeply
entered the fabric of Indian society, and for the worm to operate the system is
relentlessly fighting power and equity.

Shakespeare's works are practiced in the world by delivering some

masterpieces, and it is obvious that by all the play and drama, mainly love, the
importance of the relationship is highlighted significantly. Many of his dramatic
works, like Hamlet, Othello and "Romeo and Juliet", have been adapted into
Bollywood movies. The Bollywood film "Goliyon Ki Rasleela: Ram-Leela" is
adapted from "Romeo and Juliet", and it is popular among the audience as it delivers
strong messages about the passion for love. Starring actors Deepika Padukone and
Ranveer Singh in the lead role Goliyon Ki Rasleela:

Ram-Leela is too famous among all people as it gives a solid message to the
audience. In this film, Ram and Leela initially fall in love but cannot live together at
last. The main reason is that their family has had a rivalry for a long time, and no
one tolerates one another's presence.

Ram and Lella are trying to remove their family rivalry but cannot be
successful as this is the ancestor's enmity that was made long ago. Similarly, in the
play "Romeo and Juliet", "Romeo and Juliet" begin to chorus into finding their
family of Verona: the Montagues and Capulets. On the summer days, young men
face a fight until the prince of Verona threatens and intercedes the banishment.
According to the statement of Patil (2020), after that, the head of the Capulet family
plans that both have to be separated, and the main motive is to complete the
marriage of her daughter to a count name Paris. Arise always likes Juliet, always
makes excuses to meet Juliet, and tries to impress himself so Juliet can feel olive on
him. Montego's son Juliet thinks that Juliet is available at the party where he can
meet Juliet and hear that he loves Juliet so much, but luck is not working in his
favor.

Juliet is going to another relative's house rather than to the party his friends
conduct. Montague's son Romeo and his friends (Benovolie and Mercutio) hear the

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party's news and try to resolve it by going in disguise. From the perspective of
Verstraete (2018), Romeo hopes to see his beloved Juliet, but luck does not work in
his favor, and it expands details in these parts. The criminal empires spend their days
in the conflict of the streets in the village, and the heir apparent is poorer of the clans
of Ram (Ranveer Singh). Ram is always trying to remove the enmity between two
families, like Romeo Montague is trying for these two families. Both are similar in
this case as it is clear that only a good relationship between two families can help
them to live together. Ram always tries to remove their family barrier as he knows
that no one can help them and their relationship is incomplete in case their family
bonding is not good.

Ram searches for a job by which he can meet the requirements of their daily
needs and impress the Juliet family but only their family relationship conflicts. Apart
from that, Ram was passionate and believed that one day their two families could
accept two and also confident that Ram and Leela both would remove their family
barriers; however, in reality, it has not happened. Ram and Leela also know that
family enmity is not recent. It is almost 500 years past, and Rajadi and Sanera do not
tolerate each other. On the eve of Holy celebrations held by the opponent Sanda
community, Ram has come to stun the Leela. The beautiful Leela, the younger
loving daughter of the other village, is fearless. The same thing is elaborate in
Shakespeare's play, where Romeo was the hero and spent maximum time with his
friends just taking the story and a lot of stuff. Juliet is a beautiful and charming girl
who is loved by anyone in her village and possesses good characteristics.

After commuting the love on Ram, Leela thinks Ram might be able to
remove the hostility between his two families. Otherwise, their relations cannot be
successful, but all the beliefs are destroyed when Ram's family kills Leela. From the
perspective of Parveen (2019), Ram also leaves his life to live with Leela and prove
that even death cannot separate them from each other from how their family can.
This part is shown at the end of the movie and melts the mind of many audiences as
this scene; love is unique. No one, even death, cannot separate themselves is fully
shown. This story takes place in a fictitious village called Raanjhar in Gujarat, and
all the audience is fascinated by this story, and everyone gives positive feedback for

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the movie. The movie does not partially resemble Shakespeare's play "Romeo and
Juliet", but there are many places where the play and film make a similar sense to
the audience.

Shakespearean tragic plays are the destination of all sad parts of human lives
that always attract people. As per the studies of Sharma and Chirom (2022),
playwrights have taken part in movies, not only in Hollywood but also in
Bollywood. Those all play specifically to describe the historical events of the middle
era of England. All of those plays have extraordinary descriptions of political
discrimination, social conflict, hostility, and the importance of the relationship that
are hindered by the pressure of some aggressive nature of society. "Romeo and
Juliet", "Macbeth", "Othello", and "Hamlet", all of these plays have been readapted
in Bollywood celluloid to make people aware of the speciality of Shakespeare along
with the social condition and nature of people. In all of these plays of Shakespeare,
Bollywood has got a position in the showcase of tragic mixes with impressive
dialogues and plots.

The overall chapter has described the qualitative analysis of the study. The
literary work has not been measured with quantitative analysis. There is various
qualitative data in the articles and journals. Apart from this, some of the journals
have been collected in recent years. However, there are concentrations of Maximum
numbers of journals in the old era. Hence, there are some issues in the secondary
analysis. The description of thematic representation has been done with specific
descriptions of different movies and the alignment of those movies with literary
work. Shakespeare's literary works are more exciting and have influenced the
director of Bollywood.

Goliyon ki Rasleela: Ram Leela, "Maqbool", "Haider", and "Omkara", all of

these films, are adaptations of Shakespearean literary plays. All the movies have
kept the main themes of the main Shakespearean plays. Moreover, many incidents
also remain the same as the literary works. The Incidents and plots all have been
shown in the context of Indian culture. The overall description of thematic analysis
and discussion has stated an apparent reference to Shakespearean art and its
application in Bollywood celluloid. All the characters in the movie are depicted
along with a comparison of the original literary characters of Shakespeare.

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Summary and Conclusion
 Chapter 5
Summary and Conclusion

5.1 Summary
The thesis uses a multi-disciplinary approach, incorporating elements of
psychoanalytic theory, deconstruction theory, and cultural studies to examine the
adaptations and analyze the ways in which they reflect the cultural and societal
norms of India. Through this approach, the thesis provides an in-depth analysis of
the adaptations, examining the ways in which the filmmakers have transformed
Shakespeare's works to reflect the unique context of Indian culture and society. The
goal of the thesis is to better understand the process of adaptation, and to shed light
on the ways in which Shakespeare's plays have been adapted and transformed over
time to reflect the changing cultural and societal norms of different countries and
communities.

In this thesis, I have utilized the theory of deconstruction to provide a unique

and in-depth analysis of the adaptations of four Shakespeare plays - Macbeth,
Othello, "Romeo and Juliet", and Hamlet - in four corresponding Bollywood films -
"Maqbool", "Omkara", Goliyon ki Rasleela - Ram Leela and "Haider". By using
deconstruction theory, I have examined the ways in which the filmmakers have
deconstructed and reinterpreted the original texts to create new and innovative
adaptations that reflect the cultural context of India.

This thesis focuses on several key aspects of the adaptations, examining the
ways in which the filmmakers have rearranged the events and characters, used
different symbols and imagery, and reinterpreted the themes and messages of the
original plays. By doing so, I have explored the ways in which the filmmakers have
transformed the original works to fit the cultural context of India, and I applied the
deconstruction theory to analyze the ways in which the filmmakers have used these
elements to convey meaning in the adaptations.

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Additionally, this thesis explores the ways in which the filmmakers have
challenged and subverted the original text, deconstructing the meaning and message
of the original plays to create new and unique adaptations that reflect the cultural
context of India. By doing so, I examined the ways in which deconstruction can be
used to analyze adaptations, and contributed to the understanding of the process of
adaptation and the ways in which literary works can be transformed and
reinterpreted over time and across different cultures.

I have focused on several key aspects of the adaptations, including the ways
in which the filmmakers have used symbols and imagery that are specific to Indian
culture, and the ways in which they have reinterpreted the events and characters of
the original plays to reflect Indian cultural values and beliefs. By doing so, I have
shown how the adaptations reflect the cultural context of India, and you have
explored the ways in which these adaptations have shaped and influenced Indian
culture. Overall, the application of cultural studies theory in this thesis provides a
nuanced and in-depth analysis of the adaptations of Shakespeare's plays in
Bollywood, and it sheds light on the ways in which culture and society intersect and
influence one another.

The entire thesis has stated the idea about the Shakespearean literary
adaptation in Bollywood movies. Shakespeare was one of the most extraordinarily
talented poets, playwrights and a good actor who put better ideas into making
various movies and dramas. This author has specifically used some ideological and
philosophical views in his work. These romantic terms and statements made a better
approach to developing various dramas and movies; even this helped in awarding
people to make a better transformation of lives. The dramatic scenes and dialogue
influence different people and directors to adopt new ideas for the movie to attract
the audience better. There is specific gratitude in Shakespearean plays that gives all
the people a clear idea about the revolution in mid-century England with the Societal
condition of that time.

The viewpoint and ideologies of Shakespeare have given birth to various

Bollywood movies such as "Maqbool", Goliyon ki Rasleela Ram Leela, "Haider",

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"Omkara" and more. All of these have made the dialogue a sad part of the scene.
The scenes depict Shakespearean literary plays such as Macbeth, "Romeo and
Juliet", Othello, and Hamlet. "Maqbool" portrays Macbeth in Bollywood movies
(Rai & Tripathi, 2022). He described the clear showcase of murdering someone to
get the property, and the last scene is the central tragic part of the art of Shakespeare.
The plot of "Maqbool" is associated explicitly with the Shakespearean play that
focused on greed, lust, sin, familial devotion and so on but Bhardwaj's adaptation.
All these films have introduced changes in the precursor text to make characters and
main events more significant in front of Indian audiences. The Othello play has
given rise to a Bollywood movie by "Omkara" (Bhatt, 2020). Vishal Bhardwaj
directed this movie, and it was also chosen to be covered at the Cairo International
Film Festival. At this festival, the director of the film was given an award for
splendid artistic performance in this movie with attractive plots and dialogues. This
movie has the most significant interest within the audience for showing
responsibility for the daughter along with revenge.

The movie was displayed in the Marche'du Movie section at the Cannes Film
Festival in 2006, associated with a book on creating the play "Omkara". This movie
interpretation of the Shakespearean drama Othello has two adaptations: the BBC
version and the Bollywood adaptation (Shet, 2022). Moreover, the usage of music
and better destination make better attraction on the human mind to understand the
movie's central theme. The movie "Haider'' depicts the setting of the insurgency torn
off Kashmir in 1995, where a massive dispute occurred between India and Pakistan.
This film, moreover, is the leading showcase of the Shakespearean work, "Hamlet".
This can be shown in the personality theory of a person, the process in which the id,
ego and superego can be maintained.

In the description of both the movie and play revenge, women's psychology,
corruption, religion, madness, and politics are common in both movies and plays.
Since the movie or play is about the fatherly love story of "Haider"-Arshia or
Hamlet-Ophelia. This portrays the fundamental role of the actor and actress, along
with the characters in the play, which leads to the death of the people due to the
massive conspiracies done by both Claudius and Polonius (Javed, 2020). Thus, the

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central tragic part of the literary works has been the same in the Bollywood
Celluloid. The adaptation of "Romeo and Juliet" is the most common in all eras.
This play has been used in all the dramas and even in various movies. The
Shakespearean most tragic play, "Romeo and Juliet", has been played with the
depiction and readaptation as the Bollywood movie.

Goliyon ki Rasleela Ram Leela has made a clear attraction to both the
leading actor and actress who played the main characters of Romeo as Ram and
Juliet as Leela. This Bollywood film, Goliyon Ki Rasleela: Ram-Leela, successfully
meets the audience's attractions and beliefs. "Romeo and Juliet" and Ram Leela
clearly understand that they can solve the family conflict and have happy lives.
However, fortune cannot fulfill their love story, which can be shown as forbidden
love. The last scene is the central tragic part of the play and movie. Male and female
characters got killed by each other for the unsuccessful love story, and just after this,
the conflict between the family remained closed forever.

The relationship, eternal love and family enmity with various revenge make
the movie a clear attraction within the literary work. There is a clear justification of
the entire study work that all the sections have been described by taking authentic
references from ethical resources. Moreover, the precise research design, approach
and philosophy also develop a better study work related to the main topic. The
principal actors and actresses who played Romeo as Ram and Juliet as Leela in
Goliyon ki Rasleela: Ram Leela are famous among the Indian audience.

Goliyon ki Rasleela: Ram Leela, a Bollywood movie, successfully appeals to

and upholds the audience's views. "Romeo and Juliet" and Ram Leela understand
their ability to end the family feud and lead happy lives. However, in the end, it
cannot make their love story come true, which can be interpreted as forbidden love.
The final scene was portrayed as the most tragic part of the play and the movie. Both
the male and female characters were killed by each other as a result of their love
affair, and immediately following this, the family conflict persisted. For the sake of
the Indian audience, all of those films altered the original text to emphasize certain
characters and major plot points.

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The Othello play serves as the inspiration for an "Omkara" Bollywood film.
Vishal Bhardwaj is the director of this film, which also, additionally, the Cairo
International film festival dedicated to featuring it. The film's directors received
recognition at this festival for their outstanding artistic performance in this work
with engaging dialogue and plots. The audience was interested in the scenes of this
film and liked the daughters' responsibility and revenge. Hamlet plays an essential
role in making the film "Haider". The director of this movie efficiently relates the
scenes of Hamlet with the situation in Kashmir. In the 1990s, the situation in
Kashmir was not in good position, and the people of this state feared the terrorists.
This film's director effectively relates Denmark's situation and culture with Kashmir.
"Haider" is shown as a bold character in this movie by the director. The "Haider"
movie successfully got its fame and reputation among the audience. The director of
this film deeply analyzed the crime scenes of Hamlet and then strategically applied
his movie. Every crime scene is related to the current situation in Kashmir. This
movie also focused on the problems of sense fire from Pakistan's side and the
political leaders' dishonesty. These four plays reveal several thoughts and ideas
based on the social situation of that time. On the other hand, filmmakers also
efficiently relate those themes to the current situation.

Most of the Shakespearean plays show tragedy and love based on the social
factors of that time, and directors of the movies relate those factors with the current
Indian culture. In Hamlet, the Christian religion is considered; on the other hand, in
"Haider", the Muslim religion is considered. In 2006, "Omkara" movie created a
large amount of excitement within the Indian audience. This movie reflected India's
political problems and displayed the influential personalities' opposing sides. A
well-known quote from this movie is 'jag ja'; it means to wake up the Indian people
to confess the situation. The director of this movie tried to show the social issues of
Indian culture through the character Dolly.

Shakespeare's ideas, methods, and perspectives are frequently adapted in

modern films, which firmly directs viewers' attention toward recently released films.
These films draw on the ideas and concepts of Shakespeare and teach the audience
various topics about kingship and the relationship between kings and their subjects.

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Shakespeare's plays mainly encompass comedies, histories, and tragedies, and many
Bollywood films incorporate these genres as of 2022, according to Movies. These
films give the audience thoughts on the ancient teachings in a helpful way while also
emphasizing honesty and fairness in general. Some well-known films that draw
crowds are "Maqbool", "Omkara", "Haider", and "Goliyon Ki Rasleela: Ram-Leela",
all of which use notions that the shops themselves came up with. Most people prefer
to watch these kinds of movies, so Sanjay Leela Bhansali has taken the initiative to
adapt this drama to the movie. The success of this movie inspires filmmakers to
adapt more of Shakespeare's drama in their movies.

The concepts for the films "Maqbool", "Omkara", "Haider", and Goliyon Ki
Rasleela: Ram- Leela are taken, respectively, from Macbeth, Othello, Hamlet, and
"Romeo and Juliet". "Maqbool" is a 2004 Indian crime film with the prominent cast
members Irfan, Tabu, Pankaj Kapur, Naseeruddin Shah, Om Puri, Piyush Mishra,
Murali Sharma, and Masumeh Makhija. Bhardwaj directed it, and a political
aspirant's physical and psychological effects are depicted in this film adaptation of
Shakespeare's Macbeth. This movie is filled with criminal protagonists, allowing
viewers and filmmakers to witness the extreme levels of violence, peril, and ill-
gotten wealth in society. All members of society must uphold their devotion to one
another to retain their excellent health and well-being.

On the one hand, "Haider" presents the political mishmash with an Islamic
reflection, whereas Hamlet has been interpreted as the reflection of Christian society
regarding their daily lives. Audiences believe that during the entire film, viewers
may observe how Islamic culture and its influences impact everyday individuals and
lead them to adopt a particular religion. Some contrasts and conventions influence
the visible at particular periods, and there are specific distinctions in the plot where
the relationship is depicted in both. The entire film and the play has featured several
storylines, including one where the play claims that the king of Denmark is dead, but
the proper inquiry reveals that there is still a living monarch in the country.

These types of movies reflect several kinds of opposing sides of society.

People in society easily betray their relationships and violate religious beliefs to

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satisfy their needs fully and for other significant reasons. People are becoming more
greedy and violent after gaining political power. The "Maqbool" film, which entirely
borrowed concepts from Shakespeare's Macbeth, depicts these behaviors and
provides a vivid picture of the character of civilization.

5.2 Conclusion
5.2.1 Evaluation of the light of Macbeth in "Maqbool"
Shakespearean art created an opportunity to develop a better representation
of Bollywood celluloid art. The movie "Maqbool" depicts the tremendous criminal
activities in the Indian city of Mumbai. In the Shakespearean work of Macbeth, the
main aggressiveness was presented in Macbeth with his king of Scotland, Duncan
(Fernández, 2021). In Shakespeare's work, the mistress of Duncan was Lady
Macbeth, who had an affair with Macbeth. On the other hand, in a similar way to the
mistress of Mumbai, don Abba Ji was Nimmi, who had a personal affection for
"Maqbool". In both literary work and play, it has been stated that with the help of
Lady Macbeth or Nimmi, king Duncan/ Abba ji was killed by Macbeth or
"Maqbool".

The literary work is credited with the help of the new representation of
Bollywood film with various new destinations and music. The character of Lady
Macbeth and Nimmi is depicted as a personification of evil representation. Director
"Maqbool" Vishal Bhardwaj also added some Indian Politics in the cinematic
adaptation of this creation (Javed, 2020). Moreover, their central representation
remains the same in all cases in this movie, although there was some explicit artistic
knowledge of the director and producers. The primary depiction in the movie is to
give a clear idea of the political and social conditions of the mid-century along with
the twentieth century. Apart from this, the thematic literature review has been shown
within the readaptation of the Indian context.

Bhardwaj's film has stated an explicit knowledge and idea of Macbeth with
the showcase of greed, lust and revenge along with familial devotion in the movie.
The Shakespearean writing of Macbeth is attractive to readers; however, an
adaptation of this is "Maqbool" with changes in the precursor text. Moreover, main

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events have developed with colorful remakes happening more significantly to the
audience in India. This film also depicted some horror memorization for making.
Sure, the sin has been done by "Maqbool"; therefore, the character could not make a
better life with his loved ones. The last scene has one of the tragic parts of the
movie, and both the male and female characters are not fulfilling their love life by
doing such sins.

5.2.2. Reflection of Othello in "Omkara"

"Omkara" is the most offensive play that remains the same as Shakespeare's.
This movie was released in 2006. Othello is adapted in Bollywood as "Omkara", and
this Bollywood movie is framed in an Indian context. Western culture and society
are shown in this drama of Shakespeare, and the play's characters are developed as
per the situation of western countries. In the original drama, facts about the history
and war of Vietnam and Turkey are used to describe the drama's scenario (Bhatt,
2020). Some social factors are also included in this movie which is done by the
tactics and capacity of the directors.

The central thematic review of "Omkara" depicts the inner feeling of

characters with the attraction of relationships. Various lyrical lines and ideological
thoughts in the movie make it better to attract the audience. As per the opinion of
Rahman et al.,(2022), the usage of lyrics of songs can make better attraction to
people with powerful depictions of the main theme of the scene. The central theme
of "Omkara" has an apparent reference to Othello that develops a better knowledge
of the relationship barrier with correct affection with close people.

Othello is adopted in Bollywood as "Omkara", and this Bollywood movie is

portrayed in an Indian context. Western culture and society are shown in this drama
of Shakespeare, and the play's characters are developed as per the situation of
western countries. In "Omkara", all the characters are developed per the Indian
context, which is a significant change in the adaptation of this drama (Salahat,
2018). In this movie, local culture and language are added to portray the characters
deeply. Many elements of diary politics are added in this movie at the time of

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developing characters. In the original drama, facts about the history and war of
Vietnam and Turkey are used when describing the drama's scenario.

5.2.3 Impact of the adaptation of "Romeo and Juliet" in Goliyon Ki Rasleela

Ram Leela
The impact of the application of Shakespeare's literary work with the most
tragic play "Romeo and Juliet", has made better knowledge about the condition of
relationships. This has been destroyed by political and social unrest and the
aggressive nature of the people.

According to Amad et al., (2018), the aggressive nature of people in society

can be harmful to developing a peaceful life. Unconditional love can be smashed
with the enmity of people and the powerful depiction of the conflict between two
parties. "Romeo and Juliet" and Ram Leela have been shown about the eternity in
the love life that has brought about major depression between two loved ones (Dhar,
2020).

Shakespeare's works are appreciated worldwide as these creations deliver

good emotions, feelings and attraction to the relationship. Two rivals have been
clashing as both have had a bad relationship for the last 500 years. The criminal
empires spend their days with the conflict of the streets in the village and the
apparent poverty of the clans of Ram, with Special attraction to Leela. Ram is
always trying to remove the enmity between the two families, like Romeo Montague
is trying to do for these two families (Navalka, 2020). Both are similar in this case as
it is clear that only a good relationship between two families can help them to live
together. Romeo always seeks to meet with Juliet by creating excuses in his family;
sometimes, he can do that.

5.2.4 Evaluation of Hamlet in "Haider"

"Haider" is a movie that is a specific description of the settings of the
insurgency torn in Kashmir in 1995 and the bitter disputes between India and
Pakistan. In the literary work of Shakespeare, the whole play of Hamlet is the case
with brief descriptions; then, it is seen that the ancient fortress of Denmark in the

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Middle Ages of the 14th and 15th centuries (Sen, 2019). It opens with a brief
introduction to the knowledge and conception that brought "Haider" to the existence
of describing the characterization, the political aspects, and a lot more that
showcases the dramatic effect on society. Revenge in society is standard, and
everyone is taking this on another in case of gaps between them, which is seen in the
"Haider" movie and Hamlet play.

Re-adapting literature to new appearances on the screen made literature more

influential in the main subject. The re-adaptation of Hamlet is mainly based on the
appeal of the Danish king to Kashmir in the 21st century (Quiring, 2020). The main
comparison between "Haider" and Hamlet is to destroy the central provinces of
Denmark, whereas, in "Haider", the same things have been shown based on the
Indian perspective. There is strict political awareness in Kashmir with a better
appearance of revenge. "Haider" belonged from Kashmir, where the main story is
based on the 1995 military brutal Indian counterinsurgency. "Haider" was a student
of "Revolutionary poets of British India'' who finished his studies at Aligarh
University. After he came to find his missing father, he came to know the primary
condition of his mother and her affair with his uncle.

The film was based on the intense drama of the relationship and the Kashmir
issues. "Haider" also represents the quadrangle relationship between the father,
uncle, mother, and "Haider". This insanity drama of relationship also describes
several types of reflections of Shakespeare. India demonstrates several
Shakespearean plays through Bollywood movies to better understand these plays.
There are various types of languages, and different plots have been shown in
Bollywood. Hamlet is a tragic element in Shakespearean play that has inspired
Bhardwaj to make a Bollywood movie. "Haider"'s movie is elaborate and describes
taking an act of revenge in the play. The "Haider" movie reflects on the Kashmir
event by explicitly describing the authentic source of the text. The play has an inner
theme of Hamlet-like love, death, corruption, and betrayal. There is a sign of a tragic
play in the Bollywood movie to gain people's interest. In both the movie and play,
"Haider" and Hamlet struggle for self-existence.

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5.3 Recommendation
Shakespeare has done marvelous work by providing several best stories at
different times. Many new creative works have been seen in Shakespearean plays.
The Bollywood movie was adopted in the bandwagon age before to provide new
ideas. Here is a list of Shakespeare plays discussed for adaptation in Indian
Bollywood movies.

Adaptation of Shakesearean plays in Bollywood movies

Shakespearean plays have suddenly become a focused area in Bollywood
movies and enhanced more attention in Bollywood movies. The reputation of
Shakespeare has remained for a long time through the exhibition of Bollywood
movies. There is a flood of different celluloid presentations of Shakespeare's deeds
for drawing more audience to his play. According to Mendes, (2021), Bollywood
movies have shown interest in Shakespearean plays to develop the Indian
Filmmaker's ideology. There is an earlier documented and discovered eastern
thought and idea adopted through Shakespeare. Ranjeet Shahani has revealed the
significance of Indian people for responding to plays with various cultures, races,
and ethics. Some plays, such as Macbeth, Hamlet, and Othello, share empathetic
analysis and objectives. Adapting Shakespearean plays would provide a variety of
captivating plots, such as comedy and romantic love in the movie. Many plays
should be adopted in Bollywood movies to draw more attention from the audience.

● Adaptation of Twelfth Night in Bollywood movie

Directors of Indian films should adapt the Shakespearean play Twelfth Night
as a comedy play to generate more thrill and merriment for the audience. As per the
opinion of Betti, (2021), Twelfth Night is a romantic comedy, and several mistakes,
identities, and jokes have been seen in the play. The play begins by talking about
love. There is a Duke of Illyria who shares his love feelings for Olivia and then
meets with Viola. There is a tragedy when the twin brothers are rescued from the sea
by Antonio, a sea fighter. There is a ring given to Cesario by Olivia as a sign of love
in the play. Bollywood should adopt this play for better entertainment. The play
should provide more excitement while watching in the theater and stages
programme. The adaptation of foreign plays in Bollywood has gained many

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audience hearts for its exciting landscapes in the movies. The Twelfth Night would
provide a more interesting scenario in an Indian movie.

Twelfth Night should provide a foreign culture of love expression and ways
of proceeding with love execution in different moments. The ring exchange is a
legal law of marriage for a foreign culture that a brief description should provide by
the Bollywood movie. According to the statement of Betti, (2021), this play has
provided comedy and a variety of scenes, such as misunderstanding and tragedy,
that give excitement and thrill. Twelfth Night has revealed a comedy involving
Viola and her two brothers. This scene should provide about the love of the brother
and sister in a particular play. As written by Shakespeare in the play, Sebastian has
been rescued from the shipwreck. The assumption of others was Sebastian's death,
which should provide misconception in the play. Viola has changed into a man and
is employed as the servant of the Duke.

The play called Twelfth Night should provide a brief discussion of Indian
culture, politics, and music in the contemporary period of India. Filmmakers and
song composers should collaborate with this play to gather a better combination of
movies. As per the opinion of Betti, (2021), the filmmaker should include Twelfth
Night in the Bollywood movie to innovate new ideas from it. This play combines a
high level of comedy and unrequited affection that have been revealed and the
composition of the song in the Shakespearean play. This play reveals a disguising
identity for getting a job as Cesario is a woman and transforms into a man named
Viola.

● Adaptation of “King Lear” in Bollywood movie

King Lear has brutal characteristics, and meaningless obstacles arise, which
is one of Shakespeare's heart-touching tragedies. As per Milatovic-Ovadia's (2019)
opinion, King Lear showcases the consequences of wrong decisions made by Lear to
divide the kingdom among daughters. This play is based on the terrible event
discussed in the play and brings the possibility of Judgment. This play conveys a
political scene as well as reveals the family dynamic. Lear was a king who gave his
mighty power to unworthy evil characters Goneril and Regan. Lear has provided not

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only his power but also provided his family. This play talks about cruel manners in
human behavior to rectify loyalty.

There is a character who reveals the misleading power in the play that needs
to be highlighted in Bollywood movies. According to the statement of Milatovic-
Ovadia (2019), the failure of authority has been elaborated through this play.
Bollywood movies should adopt this play and transform it into different dialects for
better understanding. The play's theme is to provide a clear idea about the failure of
authority. The king must implement his authority to improve his state and his
family. This play should provide a brief idea for implementing authority in the
family.

King reveals his acknowledgement as all humankind is similar to him and his
realization of the handover of authority. King makes mistakes for providing his
power to others and regrets them later. As per the opinion of Milatovic-Ovadia
(2019), a big lesson related to the power of consent is learnt by Lear at the end of
this play. If Bollywood tries to make a movie based on this play, many audiences
can be given a big lesson. The Bollywood movie should provide a basic explanation
of misleading authority for a better understanding of the play's main plot. There is
moral and ethics for the ideology of good maintenance of authority in the play.

Bollywood should give more importance to enhancing and developing

thoughts; in this case, the industry can be helped by Shakespeare's plays. As per the
opinion of Kurtuluş (2019), aging is the most significant in the play for making
decisions. This play highlights the age of the king, as his decision-making procedure
was irrelevant. The Bollywood movie should highlight old age and provide
something irrelevant for doing the unnecessary activity. There is an important point
that needs to be highlighted by the Bollywood movie to fetch the audience. Social
activity needs to be revealed through this play as old age.

King Lear briefly explains how old age cannot lead a kingdom and hold
power to regulate a region. The king has to take leave from holding the authority to
the new generation for progression hence, handed over to the wrong person to run

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the kingdom. The king needs to gain more knowledge to make proper decisions to
choose the right person to run the kingdom. Lear has to retire from the surviving
kingdom as admitted into old age. Old age has lost the privilege of running
correctly. The Bollywood movie should highlight the old age scene to provide a
captivating plot for the social circle in the movie. Old age has been incapable of
handling measurable situations for improvement. The Bollywood movie needs to
produce a refined and exclusive social culture and live streaming in the movie. As
per the opinion of Kurtuluş (2019), family relation is a crucial portion of King Lear
and highlights the loyalty of love and love among his daughters.

The play reveals the family love and superficial love among the family
members and becomes loyal to each other. According to Hopkins et al., (2018),
Bollywood should create a movie to build concepts about love and bonding among
family members to gain the audience's heart through this play. Creating new movies
is always significant for delivering new ideas and thoughts to society. The audience
seeks new ideas and thoughts for developing in society for enhancing a prominent
lifestyle by watching movies. Cordelia shows love for her old father and is
supported by various types of obstacles till the end. Cordelia becomes more loyal to
her father, always standing by him and fulfilling her basic necessity of needs. The
play has many emotional factors, such as handing over family authority to the wrong
person to run the family in the right direction. Justice is a crucial part of the play that
should be highlighted in the Bollywood movie to generate more awareness in
society. Appearance and loyalty are the main things that need to be brought into the
movie for better realization of the audience.

● Prioritizing The Tempest in Indian movie

The Tempest was written as a masterpiece by Shakespeare, and this play
highlights problems such as freedom, confinement, love, betrayal and compassion.
This play shows all about the power ruling the kingdom for good establishment.
Prospero was suspended and expelled from his kingdom as his elder brother took
steps against him for snatching power from him. Alonso has left an authority to
Prospero for the second time, and the accurate judgment claims him and confers him
to a kingdom again. The play reveals the judgment procedure for bringing adequate

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measurement for the right decision to acquire a throne. Prospero has used
manipulated concepts for the judgment that endeavors for him a throne. The king
becomes generous for providing freedom to his slave and forgives his enemy after
becoming a merciful emperor. According to the statement of Hart (2020), the
kingdom's judgment should be revealed through Indian movies for a better
understanding of the monarch's judgment procedure. This play should highlight the
teaching purpose in different institutions and having concerts about the past.
Bollywood movies should take proper measures to create new movies to provide
specific thoughts and ideas. This play shows judgment for occupying the throne to
run the kingdom.

This play reveals the adventure of Prospero and his daughter, who lived on
an island for twelve years. As per the opinion of Hart, (2020), the Tempest play
shows a happy moment at the eleventh hour for human supremacy. Bollywood
movies should make new creations to adopt various features for excellent movies.
Several plots in the play should be adequately elaborated to make a charming movie
in the future. This play provides a marvelous thing and is helpful for adventure
movie creation. The audience likes to watch adventure movies as it is rich in the
scope of exploration for ideas and things. The island scene provides a captivating
plot in the play as it has rich flora and fauna to introduce through the Bollywood
movie. The play shows that loyalty and faith are crucial elements of living on an
island.

This play reveals nature loved by human beings for its beauty and attraction.
The play shows more attraction to nature on a barren island by introducing nature's
beauty through this play. Adventure provides enormous power for going to the
island as there are different types of creatures for keeping the beauty of nature.
According to the statement of Hart, (2020), natural beauty should be well introduced
in Bollywood movies for the audience to watch. Various species bring the beauty of
nature, and Bollywood movies should collect such scenes for new movies. Island
has several different features creating a new environment that provides joy.

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Humans have supremacy power which humans often violate in many ways.
This play reveals the misuse of power and opportunity in different manners. The
play shows magical power which has existed in human beings for good. As per the
opinion of Joubin et al., (2021), Bollywood movies should make such awareness to
the audience for the better implication of magical power in livelihood. An example
of forgiveness is shown in the play as a merciful monarch forgiving his enemies.
This is a fundamental moral of human beings to establish peace and a livable
environment for leading a peaceful life. Bollywood should make a moral movie that
can quickly draw the audience.

This play also reveals the revenge and forgiveness that the plot is shown on
the island. There are two slaves of Prospero such as Arial and Caliban, in the play
while living on the island. The play has explicitly explained the revenge learned
from the magical book. Prospero expresses revenge on his brother but afterwards
transforms his thoughts and forgives him. There are many scenes in the play for
revenge and malpractice in the play. This play reveals a moral lesson for changing
mindsets and building up a conscious mind that leads to forgiving any person in the
play. The Bollywood movie needs to take the initiative to make such a film to get
more audience.

● Thinking of adapting A Midsummer Night’s Dream in Bollywood movie

Love is considered the dominant theme in A Midsummer Night's Dream,
which is one of the greatest works of William Shakespeare. Unlike Macbeth,
Hamlet, and King Lear, the present play is a comedy. Hence, Indian directors can
make movies based on the research on this play. From the viewpoint of Nand,
(2022), though "Romeo and Juliet" reflects strong love between the two main
characters of this play: Juliet and Romeo, this play ends on a sad note. On the other
hand, A Midsummer Night's Dream reflects a happy ending; therefore, in case this
play is adapted by Indian directors, a movie based on this play will be able to bring a
big smile to the face of the audience. Shakespeare prioritizes beauty in this play, and
the dramatist shows that this beauty compels individuals to fall in love with each
other.

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Shakespeare has written A Midsummer Night's Dream and its significance in

love's difficulty. The struggle to achieve love portrayed in the present play is molded
by the desire for fondness. This play reveals the conflict between love and the
troubles of romance. This play involves many romantic elements that can easily
fetch the audience's attention.

As per the opinion of Pino, (2021), A Midsummer Night's Dream play has
shown love affair and relationship which gives torment and uneasy feeling. This
play mainly focuses on the tough love that brings sadness and hardship. The play
reveals that romantic love provides excellent depression and often shows an
imbalance in the relationship. The romantic condition brings disparity and imbalance
interference with true love. This play mainly shows an unreal love which can
enhance the tension of uncertain love.

This play gives more importance to love, creating tension and hardship in the
individual. Bollywood should create such kinds of movies for the audience to
provide them with proper concepts of love. According to the statement of Scott,
(2020), this play provides a lot of emotion and tension for the continuation of love.
There are various problems in love; hence Bollywood has to take the initiative to
make a new movie based on this play. Another procedure of love is the supernatural
power of love. The play has revealed the inappropriate use of love that brings chaos
in the time of love. This play is involved in restoring love to make it balance with
depression for resolving all the obstacles. Love brings another incredible atmosphere
for introducing love to the audience. Love is trouble; it cannot provide much
pleasure and causes more suffering. This play's main objective is to provide some
knowledge about love. This play reveals that love is not suitable for a long time;
however, it provides romantic moments and affection for the beloved.

In this play, love is shown in a destructive and devastating situation which

can destroy a calm mind. The dream is one of the elements shown in A Midsummer
Night's Dream. There is evidence and prevalence for having a dream. In this play,
different types of dreams and their characteristics explain love. This play has been
working on the actual dream, enabled without a brief explanation. The play has

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revealed that love consumes time. However, it cannot sustain with good thought.
Bollywood movies should take up the proper measure for innovating new ideas as an
audience can learn from them.

5.4 Future Scope

This study allows the researcher to research further the importance of
adapting other Shakespearean plays, including King Lear, A Midsummer Night‗s
Dream, The Tempest, and Twelfth Night in Bollywood movies (doNascimento,
2019). The present research also opens the door to conducting studies on the plays
written by other playwrights. This study can aid the researcher in understanding
other plays that can be adapted into Indian movies. Indian directors have already
focused on adapting the plays of other dramatists; however, this study allows the
development of a deep understanding of those works that have already been done in
the Bollywood field.

The potential avenues for future research in the field of Shakespeare and his
plays in Bollywood celluloid:

Further analysis of other adaptations of Shakespeare's plays in Bollywood or

other non-Western film industries: There are many other adaptations of
Shakespeare's plays that have been produced in Bollywood and other non-Western
film industries. Future research could analyze these adaptations to see how they
reflect the cultural context of their production, and to compare and contrast these
adaptations with those that have been produced in Western contexts.

A comparative analysis of adaptations of Shakespeare's plays in different

cultural contexts: Shakespeare's plays have been adapted in many different cultures
around the world, each with its own unique cultural, political, and historical context.
A comparative analysis of these adaptations could provide insight into the ways in
which Shakespeare's plays are translated, reinterpreted, and adapted to reflect
different cultural contexts.

An examination of the ways in which Shakespeare's plays continue to be

adapted and reinterpreted in contemporary film and other media: Shakespeare's

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 Chapter 5: Summary and Conclusion

plays continue to be popular and relevant, and they are being adapted and
reinterpreted in new and innovative ways in contemporary film and other media.
Future research could explore these adaptations to see how they reflect changing
cultural attitudes and values, and to analyze the ways in which these adaptations are
influencing popular culture.

A study of the cultural, political, and historical factors that influence the
representation of Shakespeare's plays in adaptations across different cultures:
Shakespeare's plays are the product of a specific cultural and historical context, and
adaptations of these plays often reflect the cultural, political, and historical context
of their production. Future research could analyze these adaptations to see how
cultural, political, and historical factors influence the representation of Shakespeare's
plays in different contexts.

An analysis of the reception of these adaptations by audiences in different

cultural contexts: Adaptations of Shakespeare's plays are created for audiences, and
the ways in which these adaptations are received and evaluated by audiences can be
influenced by cultural, political, and historical factors. Future research could explore
the reception of these adaptations by audiences in different cultural contexts, and
could analyze the ways in which these adaptations are shaping popular culture and
influencing public opinion.

In conclusion, the field of Shakespeare and his plays in Bollywood celluloid

has a wealth of potential for future research, and there are many exciting directions
for exploration and investigation. This thesis has laid the foundation for further work
in this field, and has opened up new avenues for understanding the ways in which
Shakespeare's plays are adapted and reinterpreted in different cultural contexts.

205
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