Tense

Tense

Present Tense Past Tense Future Tense

Past Indefinite Future Indefinite

Present Indefinite
tense tense
tense

Present Continuous Past Continuous Future continuous

tense tense tense

Present Perfect tense Past Perfect Future Perfect tense

tense

Present Perfect Future Prefect

continuous tense Past Prefect
continuous tense
continuous tense

1. Present Indefinite Tense

Affirmative sentence:- Sub+V1/s, es+ obj

Negative sentence:- Sub+ do/does + not + V1+ Obj
Interrogative sentence:- Yes/No:- Do/does+ sub + V1 + Obj?
WH Question:- WH word+Do/does + sub+ V1+Obj?
Interrogative sentence:- Do/Does+ sub+not+V1+Obj?
Or
Don’t/Doesn’t + sub+ V1+ Obj?
Eg:- He goes to temple daily.
He does not go to temple daily.
Does he go to temple daily?
When does he go to temple daily?
Does he not go to temple daily?
Doesn’t he go to temple daily?

Note:- I/you/we/they →V1/Do

He/ she/ It/ Name →V(s,es), Does
2. Past Indefinite Tense
Affirmative sentence:- Sub+V2+Obj
Negative sentence- sub+ did+ not+ (didn’t) + V1 + Obj
Interrogative sentence:- Did + Sub + V1+ Obj?
WH word + Did + sub + v1 + Obj?
Interronegative sentence:- Did+ sub+not+ V1 + Obj?
Or
Didn’t + sub + V1 +Obj

Ex :- She left for Mumbai last night

She didn’t leave for Mumbai last night
Did she leave for Mumbai last night?
Why did she leave for Mumbai last night?
Didn’t she leave for Mumbai last night ?

Note :
(i) word Past Indefinite tense use Yesterday,
ago, last week, last month, last year, …etc
Eg:- She has come here yesterday(X)
She came here yesterday (√)

(ii) sentence “It’s time’, It’s high time subject

use subject verb 2ndform use
Eg:- It’s time we went there
eg- It’s high time you worked hard.

3. Future Indefinite Tense:-

Affirmative sentence:- Sub + will/shall + V1 + obj
Negative sentence:- sub + will/shall + not + V1 + Obj
Interrogative:- will/shall + sub + V1 + obj?
WH word + will/ shall + sub+ V1 + obj?
Interronegative:- won’t/ Shan’t + sub + V1 + obj?
I, We, →Shall
He ,She ,It ,Name, you, they →will

Rule- 1 words “Indefinite tense” use Daily,

everyday, always, regularly , usually, generally, on + day ( On Monday)
…..etc
Eg:- I get up daily at 5 Am.
She will come to meet me on Friday
Rule- 2 Daily routine, regular actions, Habits, and universal truth
“Indefinite Tense use
Eg;- The sun rises in the east.

Mohan wakes up daily in the morning.

Mohan smokes

Continuous Tense
Present Continuous Tense :-
Aff :- Sub+is/am/are+Ving+obj
Neg :- Sub +isn’t /aren’t/amnot +Ving+obj
Intro :- Is/am/are+Sub+Ving+Obj?
Wh word+Is/am/are+sub+Ving+Obj?
 Interroneg :- Is/am/are+Sub+not+Ving+Obj?
0r
Isn't/aren’t+Sub+not+Ving+Obj?

IS – He/she/It/Name
AM – I
ARE – You, we, they
Note :- sentence now, these days, at present ,At this moment
Present Cont. Tense
I am reading newspaper now.
They are preparing for exam these days.

Past Continuous Tense

Aff :- Sub+was/were+ving+obj
Neg :- Sub+wasn’t/weren't+ving+obj
Intro :- Was/were+Sub+Ving+Obj?
WH word+was/were+sub+ving+Obj?
Introneg – Was/were+Sub+not+Ving+Obj?
OR
Wasn’t/weren’t+Sub+Ving+Obj?

Was – I/He/She/It/Name
Were – You/we/they
Note : “Then” ,“Those days past continuous Tense use
Eg. Mohan and I were playing chess those days .
He was coming to meet me then.

Future Continuous Tense

Aff :- Sub+will be/shall be+Ving+Obj
Neg :- Sub+will not be/shall not be+Ving+Obj
Intro :- Will/shall+sub+be+ving+obj?
WH word+will/shall+sub+be+ving+obj?
Introneg :- Will/shall+sub+not+be+Ving+obj?
OR
Won’t/shan’t+sub+be+ving+obj?
Eg – He will be doing homework
We shall be working hard

Note:- Verbs use normally continuous Tense

see, look, appear, taste, smell, hear, prefer, think, know, own, belong, have,
contain, Believe, like, like, love, hate, dislike, want, wish, agree, trust, become ...
etc
Eg – I am having a car ×
I have a car
Eg – They were seeing me eating pizza ×
They saw me eating pizza 
 Perfect Tense

Present Perfect Tense

Aff :- Sub+ has/have+v3+obj
Neg :- Sub+hasn’t/haven’t+V3+Obj
Interro :- Has/Have+Sub+V3+Obj?
WH word+Has/Have+Sub+V3+Obj?
Interroneg :- Has/Have+ Sub+ not+ V3+Obj?
OR
Hasn’t/haven’t+sub+V3+Obj?

Eg – He has worked hard to achieve his goals.

Has – He/she/It/Name
Have- I/You/we/they

Past perfect Tense

Aff- Sub+had+V3+Obj
Neg :- Sub+hadn’t+V3+Obj
Interro :- Had+Sub+V3+Obj?
WH word+Had+Sub+V3+Obj?
Interroneg :- Had+sub+not+V3+Obj?
Or
Hadn’t+Sub+V3+Obj?

Eg – Mohini had played well

Future Perfect Tense

Aff :- Sub+will/shall+have+V3+Obj
Neg :- Sub+Will/shall+Not+Have+V3+Obj
Interro :- Will/shall+sub+have+v3+obj?
WH word+will/shall+sub+have+v3+obj?
Interroneg:- :- Will/shall+sub+not+have+v3+obj?
Or
Won’t/shan’t+sub+have+V3+Obj?

Eg – The will have gone to Shimla

Rule 1 – Yet, sofar , Recently, lately, oflate, already, Just, By+day (By
Monday) Perfect Tense

Eg- I am already eating food ×

I have already eaten food 

Rule 2 :- “Yet” Present Perfect tense Negative Interrogative

sentence
 Eg – Kelvin hasn’t registered for class yet.
Has She emailed you yet?

Rule 3 – By the time, Present indefinite, Future perfect

Eg – By the time he reaches the station, the train will have left.

- By the time, Past Indefinite, Past Perfect

Eg – By the time he reached the station, the train had left

Perfect Continuous Tense

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Aff:- Sub+Has/have+been+ving+Obj+ Since/for+time

Neg :- Sub+Has/have+not+been+ving+ Obj+ Since/for+time

Interro :- Has/have+sub+been+Ving+ Obj+ Since/for+time?

WH word+has/have+sub+been+ving+obj+Since/for+time?

Interroneg :- Has/have+sub+not+been+ving+obj+Since/for+time?

Eg – I have been living in India for 5 years.

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Aff :- Sub+ had+been+ving+obj+since/for+time

Neg :- Sub+had+not (hadn’t)+been+Ving+Obj+since/for+time

Interrog :- Had+sub+been+Ving+Obj+since/for+time?
WH word+ Had+sub+been+Ving+Obj+since/for+time?

Interroneg :- Hadn’t+sub+been+Ving+obj+since/for+time?

Eg ; She had been teaching them since 7 O,clock

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Aff :- Sub+will/shall+have+been+ving+obj+since/for+time

Neg:- Sub+will/shall+not+have+been+ving+obj+since/for+time

Interr :- Will/shall+sub+have+been+ving+obj+since/for+time?
WH Word+will/shall+sub+have+been+Ving +obj+since/for+time?

Interroneg :- Will/shall+sub+not+have+been+ving+obj+since/for+time?

Ramu will have been doing his homework for 2 hours.

For : Period for Time
Eg For 2 years For last 2 years
For 2 months For last 2 months
For 2 weeks For last 2 weeks
For 2 hours For last 2 hours

Since :- Point of time(exact time)

Calendar  Day – Monday, Tuesday .....
Date – 31st July, 7th May .....
Year – 2018, 2019 .....
Month – July, August ....
Occasions – Holi, Diwali.....
Clock 7 O’Clock , PM/AM
Stages of life Childhood, Teenage ....
Part of the day Morning, Evening, last night ….

Eg – Sita will have been singing a song since childhood.

Rule – Since “ Simple Past” Since

“Present Perfect”
Eg – I haven’t met him since he returned from Delhi
Eg – Since he Joined our Company he hasn’t worked at night.
 Practice questions
1. My mother _______ from service 3 9. I _______ him last year with his wife.
years ago a) See b) Saw
a) Retiring b) Retire c) Seen d) Was seeing
c) Retires d) Retired
10. There _______ many objections to the
2. Did he tell you why he _______ come new bill.
yesterday? a) is b) are
a) hasn’t b) haven’t c) has d) have
c) hadn’t d) won’t
11. During autumn dry red leaves
3. He _______ many friends here _______ from the trees and _______ the
a) is having b) was having ground below.
c) has d) have a) was falling, was littered
b) will fell, littered
4. Trust me, I _______ whatever you c) Falling, littering
have said. d) fall, litter
a) believe b) believes
c) am believing d) believing 12. My sister has offered to _______ my
pet dog while we are away on a holiday.
5. They _______ chess when I went to see a) look into b) look through
them c) look after d) look at
a) playing b) played
c) were playing d) was playing 13. Please do not disturb me while I
_______ my home work.
6. These grapes _______ sour a) done b) am doing
a) is tasting b) was tasting c) am do d) doing
c) taste d) tastes
14. He _______ to a well to do family and
7. Mahendra _______ playing has an expensive motor bike.
badminton now. a) belongs b) is belonging
a) is b) was c) was belonging
c) has d) will be d) has been belonging

8. This box _______ 5 Kg of apple 15. He _______ his PAN card right inside
a) contain b) Contains the drawer, where he _______ it
c) is containing d) was containing a) is finding, is kept
b) found, had kept
c) will found, will keep
d) finding, keeping
 Answer Key
1. D 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. C
6. C 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. B
11. D 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. B