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Cambridge International AS & A Level

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PHYSICS 9702/23
Paper 2 AS Level Structured Questions October/November 2024

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 60.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

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Data

acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 m s–2

speed of light in free space c = 3.00 × 108 m s–1

elementary charge e = 1.60 × 10–19 C

unified atomic mass unit 1u = 1.66 × 10–27 kg

rest mass of proton mp = 1.67 × 10–27 kg

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rest mass of electron me = 9.11 × 10–31 kg

Avogadro constant NA = 6.02 × 1023 mol–1

molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1

Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 × 10–23 J K–1

gravitational constant G = 6.67 × 10–11 N m2 kg–2

permittivity of free space ε0 = 8.85 × 10–12 F m–1

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1
( = 8.99 × 109 m F–1)
4rf0

Planck constant h = 6.63 × 10–34 J s

Stefan–Boltzmann constant σ = 5.67 × 10–8 W m–2 K–4

Formulae

uniformly accelerated motion s = ut + 12 at 2

v2 = u 2 + 2as

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hydrostatic pressure ∆p = ρg∆h

upthrust F = ρgV

fs v
Doppler effect for sound waves fo = v!v
s

electric current I = Anvq

resistors in series R = R1 + R2 + ...

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1 1 1
resistors in parallel = + + ...
R R1 R2

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BLANK PAGE
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1 (a) Define acceleration.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) A small aircraft is flying horizontally at a speed of 42 m s–1 at a height of 63 m above horizontal
ground, as shown in Fig. 1.1.

speed 42 m s–1

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63 m

ground

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Fig. 1.1

The aircraft drops a small parcel. The parcel is released from the aircraft at the instant shown
in Fig. 1.1. Air resistance is negligible.

(i) On Fig. 1.1, draw a line to show the path of the parcel as it falls from the aircraft to the
ground. [1]

(ii) Calculate the time taken from the instant of release to the instant the parcel reaches the
ground.

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time = ...................................................... s [2]

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(iii) Calculate the vertical component of the velocity of the parcel immediately before it
reaches the ground.

vertical component of velocity = ................................................ m s–1 [1]

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(iv) Determine the speed at which the parcel reaches the ground.

speed = ................................................ m s–1 [2]

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[Total: 7]
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2 (a) State the principle of conservation of momentum.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) A ball X has mass 240 g and moves in a straight line on a horizontal frictionless surface with
an initial speed of 16 m s–1. The ball collides with a stationary ball Y that has mass 480 g. After
the collision, ball X is stationary, as shown in Fig. 2.1.

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ball X, ball Y, ball X, ball Y,
mass 240 g mass 480 g mass 240 g mass 480 g

16 m s–1 v

surface surface

BEFORE AFTER

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Fig. 2.1

(i) Show that the speed v of ball Y after the collision is 8.0 m s–1.

[1]

(ii) Calculate the change in the total kinetic energy ∆EK of the balls due to the collision.

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∆EK = ...................................................... J [3]

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(c) The collision in (b) lasts for a time of 2.0 ms. Assume that the contact force between the balls
is constant during this time.

(i) Determine the magnitude and direction of the force exerted on ball X by ball Y during the
collision.
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magnitude = ........................................................... N

direction ...............................................................
[3]

(ii) Compare the magnitude and direction of the force exerted on ball Y by ball X during the
collision with the answers in (c)(i). No further calculations are required.
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...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 11]
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3 (a) State the principle of moments.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) A rigid uniform beam rests on a pivot at its centre, as shown in Fig. 3.1.

beam

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x 0.40 m

wooden cylinder,
weight 4.0 N
pivot

container h
load,
weight 2.6 N

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water

Fig. 3.1 (not to scale)

A load of weight 2.6 N is suspended from the beam at distance x from the pivot.

A wooden cylinder of weight 4.0 N is suspended from the beam at a distance of 0.40 m from
the pivot on the opposite side of the pivot to the load. The cylinder rests in a container of
water. The lower part of the cylinder is immersed in the water to depth h.

Initially, h is equal to 0.10 m and x is equal to 0.40 m. The system is in equilibrium.

(i) Use the principle of moments to show that the upthrust U exerted by the water on the

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cylinder is 1.4 N.

[2]
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(ii) The density of the water is 1.0 × 103 kg m–3.

Calculate the area A of the circular cross-section of the cylinder.

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A = .................................................... m2 [3]

(c) More water is gradually added to the container in (b), so that depth h in Fig. 3.1 gradually
increases. The length x is continuously adjusted so that the system remains in equilibrium.

On Fig. 3.2, sketch the variation of x with h. Use the space below for any working.
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0.8

0.6

x/m
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0.4

0.2

0
0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40
h/m
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Fig. 3.2
[3]

[Total: 9]

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4 (a) Define:

(i) stress

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) strain.

...........................................................................................................................................

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..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Two wires X and Y, with equal unstretched lengths of 0.84 m, are suspended from fixed points
that are at the same horizontal level. The lower ends of the wires are attached to a beam of
negligible mass. The beam is horizontal and in equilibrium, as shown in Fig. 4.1.

wire X wire Y

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beam

load, 18 N

Fig. 4.1

Wire X is made from a metal that has a Young modulus of 1.9 × 109 Pa.

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Wire Y is made from a different metal.

A load of weight 18 N is suspended from the beam at a point that is equidistant from the two
wires. This load causes both wires to extend by 0.47 mm.
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(i) Determine the cross-sectional area of wire X.

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cross-sectional area = .................................................... m2 [3]

(ii) Wire Y has a greater diameter than wire X.

Explain, without calculation, whether the Young modulus of the metal from which wire Y
is made is less than, the same as or greater than 1.9 × 109 Pa.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 7]
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5 (a) A stationary wave is formed on a string XY that has a length of 0.48 m. Fig. 5.1 shows the
string at one instant in time.

0.48 m

X Y

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Fig. 5.1

The speed of the wave on the string is 1400 m s–1.

(i) On Fig. 5.1, draw a cross (×) at one position that is a node and another cross at one
position that is an antinode. Label the node N and the antinode A. [1]

(ii) Show that the wavelength of the wave produced is 0.32 m. Explain your reasoning.

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[1]

(iii) Calculate the frequency of the wave.

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frequency = .................................................... Hz [2]
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(b) A source of sound waves of frequency 780 Hz is on a rotating platform. The speed of the
source is 39 m s–1.

The sound is detected by an observer that is a large distance from the rotating platform, as
shown in Fig. 5.2.

source of sound, observer

speed 39 m s–1
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platform

Fig. 5.2 (not to scale)

(i) The speed of sound in air is 320 m s–1.

Calculate the maximum frequency of the sound detected by the observer.

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maximum frequency = .................................................... Hz [2]

(ii) At time t = 0, the observer detects the sound emitted by the source when it was in the
position shown in Fig. 5.2.

On Fig. 5.3, sketch the variation with t of the frequency f of the sound detected by the
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observer for one complete rotation of the platform. Calculations are not required.

0 t
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Fig. 5.3
[2]

[Total: 8]

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6 (a) Define resistance.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) A cylindrical metal wire of length 2.4 m and cross-sectional area 8.0 × 10–6 m2 has a resistance
of 0.33 Ω. There is a current in the wire of 4.7 A.

(i) Determine the resistivity of the metal from which the wire is made.

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resistivity = .................................................. Ω m [2]

(ii) Calculate the charge that passes through the wire in a time of 5.0 minutes.

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charge = ..................................................... C [2]

(iii) The free electrons (charge carriers) in the wire have an average drift speed of
0.16 mm s–1.

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Determine the number density of charge carriers in the metal.

number density = .................................................. m–3 [2]

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(c) The wire in (b) may be considered to be a fixed resistor. It is connected in series with a
thermistor to a battery that has negligible internal resistance.

(i) Use circuit symbols to complete Fig. 6.1 to show the circuit diagram of this arrangement.
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Fig. 6.1
[1]

(ii) Explain, without calculation, how the power dissipated in the wire changes as the
temperature of the thermistor is increased.

...........................................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 10]
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7 (a) Complete Table 7.1 to show the charges, in terms of the elementary charge e, on each of the
flavours of quark and antiquark shown.

Table 7.1

charge / e
flavour
quark antiquark

up

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down

strange

[3]

(b) (i) State the name of the class (group) of fundamental particles to which baryons and
mesons belong.

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..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Compare baryons and mesons in terms of their constituent particles.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) Describe β+ decay in terms of the fundamental particles involved.

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...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 8]
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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
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Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.
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