Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater

Noida

INTRODUCTION TO Web Technology AND WEB

HOSTING

Unit: 1
Subject Name:
WEB TECHNOLOGY
Abdul Khalid
Course Details Assistant Professor
(B Tech. 5th Sem) Information Technology

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 Profile
Dedicated and innovative computer science professional with a strong research background and a
deep passion for technology. I hold a Master's degree in Computer Science . Over the past 8
years, I have been actively involved in research projects focused on Wireless sensor network,
machine learning, natural language processing, and computer vision. My expertise lies in web
development in the field of computer science. Throughout my academic journey, I have contributed
to several published research papers and have presented my work at prestigious conferences.
Proficient in programming languages like Python and Java, I possess a problem-solving mindset
and a knack for identifying creative solutions to complex challenges.

Research Publications: 14
Grant Patent: 02
Patent: 06

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 Table of Contents

1. Name of Subject with code, Course and Subject Teacher

2. Brief Introduction of Faculty member with Photograph
3. Evaluation Scheme
4. Subject Syllabus
5. Branch wise Applications
6. Course Objective (Point wise)
7. Course Outcomes (COs)
8. Program Outcomes only heading (POs)
9. COs and POs Mapping
10. Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs)

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 Conti….

11. COs and PSOs Mapping

12. Program Educational Objectives (PEOs)
13. Result Analysis (Department Result, Subject Result and Individual
Faculty Result)
14. End Semester Question Paper Templates (Offline Pattern/Online
Pattern)
15. Perquisite/ Recap
16. Brief Introduction about the Subject with videos
17. Unit Content
18. Unit Objective
19. Topic Objective/Topic Outcome
20. Lecture related to topic
21. Daily Quiz
22. Weekly Assignment
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Abdul Khalid WT Unit 1 3
 Conti…

23 Topic Links
24 MCQ (End of Unit)
25 Glossary Questions
26 Old Question Papers (Sessional + University)
27 Expected Questions
28 Recap of Unit

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 Evaluation Scheme

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 Syllabus Unit -1

Introduction: History of Web and Internet, connecting to Internet, Introduction

to Internet services and tools, Client-Server Computing, Protocols Governing
Web, Basic principles involved in developing a web site, Planning process,
Types of Websites, Web Standards and W3C recommendations, Web Hosting
Basics, Types of Hosting Packages, Introduction to Web testing, Functional
Testing, Usability & Visual Testing, Performance & Load Testing.

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 Syllabus Unit -2

HTML: What is HTML, DOM- Introduction to Document Object Model,

Basic structure of an HTML document, Mark up Tags, Heading-Paragraphs ,
Line Breaks, Understand the structure of HTML tables. Lists, Working with
Hyperlinks, Image Handling, Understanding Frames and their needs, HTML
forms for User inputs. New form Elements- date, number, range, email,
search and data list, Understanding audio, video and article tags.

XML: Introduction, Tree, Syntax, Elements, Attributes, Namespaces,

Display, HTTP request, Parser, DOM, XPath, XSLT, XQuerry, XLink,
Validator, DTD, Schema, Server

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 Syllabus Unit -3

Concept of CSS 3: Creating Style Sheet, CSS Properties,CSS

Styling(Background, Text Format, Controlling Fonts) , Working with block
elements and objects , Working with Lists and Tables , CSS Id and Class, Box
Model(Introduction, Border properties, Padding Properties, Margin properties)
CSS Advanced(Grouping, Dimension, Display, Positioning, Floating, Align,
Pseudo class, Navigation Bar, Image Sprites, Attribute sector) , CSS Color,
Creating page Layout and Site.

Bootstrap: Introduction, Bootstrap grid system, Bootstrap Components.

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 Syllabus Unit -4

JavaScript Essentials: Introduction to Java Script , Javascript Types , Var,

Let and Const Keywords, Operators in JS , Conditions Statements , Java
Script Loops, JS Popup Boxes , JS

Events , JS Arrays, Working with Arrays, JS Objects ,JS Functions , Using Java
Script in Real time , Validation of Forms, Arrow functions and default
arguments, Template Strings, Strings methods, Callback functions, Object de-
structuring, Spread and Rest Operator, Typescript fundamentals, Typescript
OOPs- Classes, Interfaces, Constructor etc. Decorator and Spread Operator,
Difference == & ===, Asynchronous Programming in ES6, Promise Constructor,
Promise with Chain, Promise Race.

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 Syllabus Unit -5

Introduction to PHP, Basic Syntax, Variables & Constants, Data Type,

Operator & Expressions, Control flow and Decision making statements,
Functions, Strings, Arrays,

Working with files and directories: Understanding file& directory, Opening

and closing, a file, Coping, renaming and deleting a file, working with
directories, Creating and deleting folder, File Uploading & Downloading.

Session & Cookies: Introduction to Session Control, Session Functionality

What is a Cookie, Setting Cookies with PHP. Using Cookies with Sessions,
Deleting Cookies, Registering Session variables, Destroying the variables and
Session.

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 Text Books

Text books:

1. Steven M. Schafer, “HTML, XHTML, and CSS Bible, 5ed”, Wiley India

2. Ian Pouncey, Richard York, “Beginning CSS: Cascading Style Sheets for Web
Design”, Wiley India

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 Branch Wise Applications

Sample Applications
 Desktop GUI Applications
 Mobile Applications
 Enterprise Applications
 Scientific Applications
 Web-based Applications
 Cloud-based Applications
 Web servers and Application servers
 Software Tools

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 Course Objective

 This course covers different aspect of web technology such as

HTML, CSS, and issues of web technology, client and server
side issue.
 The general objectives of this course are to provide
fundamental concepts of Internet; Web Technology and Web
Programming.
 Students will be able to build a proper responsive website.

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 Course Outcome
At the end of the semester, student will be able to:
Course CO Description Blooms’
Outcom Taxonomy
es (CO)
CO1 Recalling the basic facts and explaining the basic
ideas of Web technology and web hosting. K1, K2

CO2 Applying and creating various HTML5 semantic

elements and application with working on HTML K3, K6
forms for user input.
CO3 Understanding and applying the concepts of
Creating Style Sheet (CSS)3 and bootstrap. K2, K3

CO4 Analysing and implementing concept of Java

Script and its applications. K4, K6

CO5 Creating and evaluating dynamic web pages using

the concept of PHP K5, K6

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 Program Outcome

 1. Engineering knowledge:
 2. Problem analysis:
 3. Design/development of solutions:
 4. Conduct investigations of complex problems:
 5. Modern tool usage:
 6. The engineer and society:
 7. Environment and sustainability:
 8. Ethics:
 9. Individual and team work:
 10. Communication:
 11. Project management and finance:
 12. Life-long learning
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 CO-PO Mapping
Mapping of Course Outcomes and Program Outcomes:
Subject
Code is
Not PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
Assigned

3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 2 3

3 2 3 1 3 2 2 1 3 3 3 3

3 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 3

3 3 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 3

3 3 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 3

Average 2.4 2.8 1.6 2.6 1.8 1.8 1.6 3 3 2.2 3

3

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 Program Specific Outcomes

 PSO1: Work as a software developer, database

administrator, tester or networking engineer for providing
solutions to the real world and industrial problems.
 PSO2:Apply core subjects of information technology related
to data structure and algorithm, software engineering, web
technology, operating system, database and networking to
solve complex IT problems.
 PSO3:Practice multi-disciplinary and modern computing
techniques by lifelong learning to establish innovative career.
 PSO4: Work in a team or individual to manage projects with
ethical concern to be a successful employee or employer in
IT industry.

Abdul Khalid WT Unit 1

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 COs and PSOs Mapping

Mapping of Program Specific Outcomes and Course Outcomes:

Course Outcomes Program Specific Outcomes

PSO1 PSO2 PSO3 PSO4

3 3 2 3

3 3 3 2

3 3 2 2

3 2 3 2

3 2 2 2

AVG 3 2.6 2.4 2.2

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 Program Educational Objectives

• PEO1: able to apply sound knowledge in the field of

information technology to fulfill the needs of IT industry.

• PEO2:able to design innovative and interdisciplinary

systems through latest digital technologies.

• PEO3: able to inculcate professional and social ethics,

team work and leadership for serving the society.

• PEO4: able to inculcate lifelong learning in the field of

computing for successful career in organizations and
R&D sectors.

Abdul Khalid WT Unit 1

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 Result Analysis

• Web Technology Result of 2022-23: 98.97%

• Average Marks: 53.33

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 End Semester Question Paper Template

B TECH
(SEM-V) THEORY EXAMINATION 20__-20__
Time: 3 Hours Total
Marks: 100
Note: 1. Attempt all Sections. If require any missing data; then choose
suitably.
SECTION A
1. Attempt all questions in brief. 1 x 10
= 10
Q.No. Question Marks CO
1 1
2 1
. .
10 1

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 End Semester Question Paper Templates

2. Attempt of the following: 5 x 2 = 20

Q.No. Question Marks CO
1 2
2 2
“””
‘”
5 2

SECTION B
3. Attempt any five part of the following: 5 x 6 = 30

Q.No. Question Marks CO

1 6
. 6
7 6
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 End Semester Question Paper Templates

4. Attempt any one part of the following: 1 x 10 = 10

Q.No. Question Marks CO

1 10
2 10
5. Attempt any one part of the following: 1 x 10 = 10
Q.No. Question Marks CO
1 10
2 10
6. Attempt any one part of the following: 1 x 10 = 10
Q.No. Question Marks CO

1 10
2 10

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 End Semester Question Paper Templates

7. Attempt any one part of the following: 1 x 10 = 10

Q.No. Question Marks CO

1 10
2 10

8. Attempt any one part of the following: 1 x 10 = 10

Q.No. Question Marks CO
1 10
2 10

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 Prerequisite

 Basic Knowledge of any programming language like

C/C++/Python/Java.

 Familiarity with basic concepts of Internet.

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 Brief Introduction About The Subject

 Web technologies are the various tools and techniques that

are utilized in the process of communication between
different types of devices over the internet.
 To understand this term in a better manner, let’s break it
down into two pieces: ‘web’ and ‘technology’.
 The web, in this case, refers to the World Wide Web, more
commonly known as WWW.
 It first came into being in 1989 when famous scientist and
engineer, Tim Berners-Lee, came up with an efficient
mechanism to share resources between scientists all over
the world.
 https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Web+T
echnonogies

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 Unit 1 Content

• Introduction:
 Introduction to Web Technology
 History of Web and Internet
 Connecting to Internet
 Introduction to Internet services and tools
 Client-Server Computing, Protocols Governing Web
 Basic principles involved in developing a web site
 Planning process
 Types of Websites
 Web Standards and W3C recommendations,

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 Unit 1 Content(cont1..)
 Web Hosting Basics
 Types of Hosting Packages
 Introduction to web testing
 Functional Testing
 Usability & Visual Testing
 Performance & Load Testing

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 Unit Objective

Objective of Unit 1:
• To learn about web development strategies with protocols
governing web and internet services and tools.
• To understand the basic concepts to develop the website as
per web standards and W3C recommendations.
• To understand web hosting and web hosting packages.
• To understand to register a domain and maintain web
servers.

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 Introduction to Web Technology

 Web Technology refers to the various tools and

techniques that are utilized in the process of
communication between different types of devices over
the internet.

 A web browser is used to access web pages.

 Web browsers can be defined as programs that display

text, data, pictures, animation, and video on the
Internet.

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 Classification of Web technology

 World Wide Web (WWW)

 Web Browser

 Web Server

 Web Pages

 Web Development

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 History of Web development and Internet

World Wide Web

 The World Wide Web is a system of interlinked hypertext documents

accessed via the Internet. Web is a huge collection of pages of
information linked to each other around the globe.

History of WWW:

 WWW is created by Sir Tim Berners Lee in 1989 at CERN in Geneva.

 In 1990, the first text only browsers were setup and CERN scientist.
 To transfer HTML document to remote sites a new protocol was
devised called HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol).

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 Contd….

 In the fall of 1991, conference goes around the world started hearing
about
 the promise but sparks still were not flying.

 In 1993, there are only about 50 websites world wide.

 A browser that allowed user to take advantage of the web’s graphical

 capabilities was developed at the National center for Super Computing
application (NCSA).

 NCSA called the browser Mosaic.

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 Connecting to Internet

• When determining which type of Internet speed and Internet

connection type is right for you or your family, it's important to
understand the distinction between each connection.
• In today's age, there are numerous ways to connect laptops,
desktops, mobile phones, gaming consoles, e-readers and tablets to
the Internet.
 MOBILE
 WIFI HOTSPOTS
 DIAL-UP
 BROADBAND
 DSL(DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE)
 CABLE
 SATELLITE

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 Introduction to Internet services and tools

• Internet Services allows us to access huge amount of information such as

text, graphics, sound and software over the internet.

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 Protocols Governing Web

Protocol
• A protocol is a set of rules to communicate applications
to each other.
• A protocol is the interface required for communicating
the different applications

Classification of Protocols
• HTTP
• TCP/IP
• FTP
• SMTP
• TELNET

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 Protocols Governing Web(cont1..)

HTTP Protocol

• HTTP is the primary protocol used to distribute information on

the web

• Initial HTTP 0.9 does not allow for content typing and does not
have provisions for supplying meta- information.

• Content Typing is to identify the type of data being transferred.

• Meta Information is supplemental data, such as environment

variables that identify the client’s computer

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 Protocols Governing Web(cont1..)

TCP/IP
• It is a set of rules that an application can use to package its
information for sending across the networks of networks.

FTP
• FTP uses TCP to create a virtual connection for control
information and then creates a separate TCP connection for
data transfers.

• It is used to transfer the files over networks.

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 Protocols Governing Web(cont1..)

SMTP
• It is an Internet standard for electronic mail (e- mail)
transmission across Internet Protocol (IP) networks.

Telnet
• This protocol used to remotely login into another system .

• This is used to browse file and directories on the remote

system.

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 Daily Quiz

1.) The HTML and HTTP standard are defined by __

(A) Web client
(B) Internet association
(C) WWW consortium
(D) WWW
2.) The ____ passes the information given by the user to a specified program.
(A) User
(B) Programmer
(C) Web server
(D) Browser
3.) Which language is used for creating Web Pages?
(A) PASCAL
(B) C
(C) HTML
(D) BASIC

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 Daily Quiz

4.) What is the abbreviation of HTTP?

(A) Hypertext tag path
(B) Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
(C) Hypertext transfer path
(D) None
5.) The entire web document is contained within ____
(A) Comments
(B) Tags
(C) Web page
(D) HTML element

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 Types Of Websites

Website:

• A website is simply a collection of interlinked web pages.

Classification of Website

• Corporate Website

• Individual website

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 Websites

Corporate Website:

• In this, there is certain no. of persons, who develop their

website for a particular organization.

• The corporate website are formed when group of people have

common interest and objective.

• The purpose of this website is to convey the information of

organization to all over the world

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 Websites(cont1..)

Individual Website

• Personal web pages are world wide web pages created by

an individual to contain content of a personal nature rather than
content pertaining to a company, organization or institution.

• It is just like profile management system.

• In this type of website an individual wants to develop website for

hi-projection, career growth etc.

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 Web Applications

• Web application is a kind of application that can be through the web

browser over the internet.

• Web applications may include simple office software word processors,

Google docs, project management, computer-aided design, online
spreadsheets, and presentation tools.

• Some common scripting languages are used to create web applications

such as JSP, ASP and PHP.

• Web applications interact with program variables ,spreadsheets and

databases using user input for creating the dynamic web content.

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 Web Applications(cont1..)

Examples of Web Application

• Airline Reservation System.

• Message Boards.

• Shopping Cart.

• Net-banking.

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 Writing a Web Projects
Objective of above Topic:
To developed web project and understand the concepts of web
project development differs from traditional web projects

Phases of writing the web projects

Write a project mission statement
• Write the specific mission statement that you want to
do.
Identify Objectives
• Specific
• Measurable
• Attainable
• Realistic
• Time limited

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 Writing a Web Projects(cont1..)

Phases of writing the web projects(cont..)

 Identify your target users

• The matter of a website will be determined by the users

whom you want to visit the site. This is totally depend upon
i. Market research
ii. Focus group
iii. Understanding the audiences

 Determine the scope

 By supporting documents and client’s approval.

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 Writing a Web Projects(cont1..)

Phases of writing the web projects(cont..)

• Budget
 Assumption for budgets.
 Budget categories.
 Determine hidden costs and tools.

• Planning issues:
 Discuss client’s existing information system.
 Project team and developing infrastructure.
 Where the website will place.

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 Connecting To Internet

Telephone
• A Telephone is a device that converts voice communication
into electrical signals that can be transferred to other telephones
and heard.

• Telephones enable people to communicate with other people all

over the world and is widely credited as being first invented by
Alexandra Graham Bell in 1876.

• There are three basic phones in use today. The classic corded
telephone, which could be rotary dial like or have buttons, the
cordless or wireless phone, and the cell phone

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Abdul Khalid WT Unit 1
 Connecting To Internet(cont1..)

Cable
A cable is one or more wires covered in a plastic covering
that connects a computer to a power source or other device.

Two Types of computer cables

• A data cable is a cable that provides communication
between devices.

• For example, the data cable that connects your monitor to

your computer and allows your computer to display a
picture on the monitor such as SATA and USB etc.

• A power cable is any cable that powers the device.

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 Connecting To Internet(cont1..)

Types of Cables:
• AT - Used with early keyboard.

• ATA - Used with hard drives and disc drives.

• CAT5 - Used with network cards.

• Coaxial -Used with TV and Projectors.

• DVI - Used with Monitors Projectors, and other display

• E-SATA - Used with external drives.

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 Connecting To Internet(cont1..)

Types of Cable

• MDI - Used with musical keyboards and other equipment.

• Mini Plug - Used with headphone, microphone and

speakers.

• Molex - Power cable used inside your computer.

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 Connecting To Internet(cont1..)

Satellite Connection

• A satellite connection uses broadband but does not require

cable or phone lines.

• It connects to the Internet through satellites orbiting the

Earth.

• It can be used almost anywhere in the world, but the

connection may be affected by weather patterns.

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 Connecting To Internet(cont1..)

Satellite Connection(cont..)

• A satellite connection also relays data on a delay, so it is

not the best option for people who use real-time
applications, like gaming or video conferencing.

• A satellite Internet connection is an arrangement in which

the upstream (outgoing) and the downstream (incoming)
data are sent from, and arrive at, a computer through
a satellite.

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 Daily Quiz
1.) A program that is used to view websites is called a
(A) Browser
(B) Web viewer
(C) Spreadsheet
(D) Word processor
2.) Which of the following is not a type of broadband internet connection?
(A) Satellite
(B) DSL
(C) Dial up
(D) Cable
3.) Servers are computers that provide resources to other computers connected to a
(A) Client
(B) Mainframe
(C) Supercomputer
(D) Network

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 Daily Quiz
4.) Sending an E-mail is similar to
(A) Sending a package
(B) Talking on the phone
(C) Writing a letter
(D) Drawing a picture
5.) ARPANET stands for
(A) Advanced Rehearse Projects Agency Network
(B) Advanced Research Protect Agency Newark
(C) Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
(D) None of these
6.) The process of connecting to the internet account is
(A) Sing in
(B) Sing out
(C) Login
(D) Logout

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 Introduction to Internet services and tools

Introduction To Internet Services

• Common Protocol Used To Provide Internet Services

• The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network
protocol used to transfer computer files from one host to
another host over a TCP-based network, such as the
Internet

• Telnet is a network protocol used on the Internet or local

area networks to provide a bidirectional interactive text-
oriented communication facility using a virtual terminal
connection.

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 Introduction to Internet services and tools

Introduction To Internet Services(cont..)

 RSH Remote Shell allows you to send single commands to the

remote server.

 RCP Remote Copy provides the capability to copy files to and

from the remote server without the need to resort to FTP or NFS
(Network File System, the UNIX form of folder sharing

 NNTP(Network News)-( Reading and posting USENET news)

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 Introduction to Internet services and tools

Introduction To Internet Services(cont..)

• HTTP(Hypertext Transfer Protocol)-(Transferring documents on the

Web)

• SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)- (Sending mail)

• POP3(Post Office Protocol)- (Reading Mail)

• Post Office Protocol (POP) protocol used by local e-mail clients to

retrieve e-mail from a remote server over a TCP/IP connection.

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 Introduction to client-server computing

Client/Server Definition
• In client/server computing “server software accepts requests
for data from client software and returns the results to the
client”

Elements of C-S Computing

• A Client

• A Server

• And a network

• In client-server computing major focus is on

SOFTWARE
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 Introduction to client-server computing

A Client/Server Computing

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 Introduction to client-server computing

Categories of Server

• F i l e Server

• File Servers manage a work group’s application and data

files, so that they may be shared by the group.

• D a t a Server

• It used only for data storage and management

• Compute Server

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 Introduction to client-server computing

Categories of Server(cont..)

• Database Server

• Accepts requests for data, retrieves the data from its database

• Communication Server

• Provides gateway to other LANs, networks & Computers

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 Daily Quiz

1.)----- is whatever you’re using to interact with the internet

(A) client
(B) HTTP
(C) server
(D) navigation
2.) The-------is about communication between web clients and web servers.
(A) client
(B) HTTP
(C) server
(D) navigation
3.) Communication between client computers and web servers is done by sending ---
and receiving-------
(A)client server
(B) HTTP request HTTP responses
(C) server client
(D) navigation browser

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 Daily Quiz

4.) A client (a browser) sends an---------to the web

(A) client
(B) HTTP Request
(C) server
(D) navigation
5.) The-------request to the server for any information
(A) client
(B) HTTP
(C) server
(D) navigation
6.) The--------provide the information to the client
(A)client server
(B) HTTP request HTTP responses
(C) server
(D) navigation browser

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 Previous Topics: Recap

•Protocols governing web, and internet services and tools that

connect to the internet.

• It was also discussed about the history of web.

•We had also discuss Cyber Laws and Website and its
classification

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 Previous Topics: Recap(Cont..)

•The above topic was focused on the Web Application with its examples
and phases.

• It was also discussed about the connection of Internet through:-

• Telephone
• Cables and its types
• Satellite Connection.

•We have also discussed about the client server computing and Categories
of Server.

•How to write the web project in the previous topic

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 Topic Objective/Outcome
Topics: Web Hosting Basics, Types of Hosting Packages,
Introduction to Web testing, Functional Testing,
Usability & Visual Testing, Performance & Load Testing. (CO1 )

Objective of the above topics:

•To know the basics of web hosting and hosting packages.

•To get the knowledge about Web Testing.

•To learn how testing is used in a web server and how to test a website?

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 Web Hosting Basics

• When a hosting provider allocates space on a web server for a

website to store its files, they are hosting a website.
• Web hosting makes the files that comprise a website (code,
images, etc.) available for viewing online.
• web hosting is the process of renting or buying space to house a
website on the World Wide Web.
• Website content such as HTML, CSS, and images has to be
housed on a server to be viewable online.
• Web hosting service providers have the servers, connectivity, and
associated services to host websites.
• Choosing the right hosting plan will mean having access to the right
allocation of resources to keep your website loading quickly and
reliably for your visitors.

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 Types of Hosting Packages

There are the six types of web hosting:

• Shared hosting
• Virtual private server (VPS) hosting
• Dedicated server hosting
• Cloud hosting
• Managed hosting
• Colocation

Shared hosting
 Shared hosting allows multiple websites to utilize a single server. Usually, you’ll have
no idea who or what websites you’re sharing the resources of a server with. Each
customer will usually have a limit on the total amount of server resources they can
use, but this will be defined by your hosting package.

 Shared hosting is easily the cheapest and most economical option for your needs.
However, the cheap price comes with limitations, which we’ll get to below. Since
most hosting companies will offer the same amount of space and storage it’s
important to choose a company you can trust.

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 Types of Hosting Packages

Virtual private server (VPS) hosting

 A VPS hosting plan is the ultimate middle ground between a shared server and
a dedicated server.
 It’s ideal for website owners that need more control, but don’t necessarily need
a dedicated server.
 VPS hosting provides website owners with more customization and storage
space, but still they are not able to handle incredibly high traffic levels or spikes
in usage meaning that the site performance can still be affected by other sites
on the server.
 VPS hosting is used by website owners who want dedicated hosting but don’t
have the technical knowledge needed.
 VPS hosting offers the cost benefits of shared hosting with the control of
dedicated hosting.

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 Types of Hosting Packages

Dedicated server hosting

 Dedicated hosting gives website owners the most control over the server that
their website is stored on.
 Customer has full root and admin access, so he can control everything from
security to operating system that you run.
 Dedicated servers cost are one of the most expensive web hosting options.
 Used by website owners with high levels of website traffic, and those who are in
need of complete control of their servers.
 A high level of technical expertise is required for the installation and ongoing
management of the server.

Cloud hosting
 It’s a hosting solution that works via a network and enables companies to
consume the computing resource like a utility.
 This allows users to employ as many resources as they need without having to
build and maintain their own computing infrastructure.
 Cloud-based hosting is scalable, meaning your site can grow over time, using
as many resources as it requires and while the website owner only pays for
what they need.
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 Types of Hosting Packages

Managed hosting
 Hosting companies provide technical services such as hardware and software
setup and configuration, maintenance, hardware replacement, technical
support, patching, updating and monitoring.
 With managed hosting, the provider looks after the day-to-day management of
the hardware, operating systems and standardized applications.

Colocation
 Instead of keeping servers in-house or at a private data center, you may choose
to ”‘co-locate” your equipment by renting space in a colocation center.
 he center will provide the power, bandwidth, IP address and cooling systems
that your server requires. Space is rented out in racks and cabinets.
 Colocation gives access to higher levels of bandwidth than a normal office
server room at a much lower cost.
 You’re left to your own devices (literally) and will be expected to take care of
everything including the hardware, software and services.

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 Introduction to Web Testing

• Web testing, at its core, is simply checking your web

application or your website for problems before you make
that web application or website live. Web testing is designed
to check all aspects of the web application’s functionality,
including looking for bugs with usability, compatibility,
security, and general performance.
• Web testing is a crucial part of assembling any web
application or website, as you don’t want to invest the many
resources in time and money you’ve spent developing this
web application and then have it run into immediate
problems upon release. We have seen that happen before,
and it isn’t pretty.

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 Functional Testing

 Functional testing is a stage in the software delivery lifecycle (also referred to as

a ‘process’) in which quality engineers verify whether the application under test’s
features behaves as per their requirements.
Here are some typical examples of functional testing:
 Do appropriate error messages appear when users input the incorrect
information (e.g. invalid email address, card number)?
 Can users request to change their credentials (e.g. user name, passwords,
etc.,...)?
 Can users log in with the new credentials?

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 Functional Testing Vs Non Functional Testing

Functional Testing Non-functional testing

Normally performed under the

Normally performed under the
white-box method. In which the
black-box method. In which the
tester is made aware of the
Method testers only validate with inputs
system’s internal design to
and outputs instead of the
generate test cases
internal structure of the system.
accordingly.

Whether or not the system’s

The system’s performance,
Areas of concern outputs satisfy the specification
stability, security, usability, etc.
or requirements given

Business requirements, client’s Speed, throughput, scalability,

Inputs
specifications etc.

Unit testing
Security testing
API testing
Performance testing
Examples Regression testing (can be
Load testing
both functional and non-
Stress testing
functional)

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 Usability & Visual Testing

• Usability testing refers to evaluating a product or service by

testing it with representative users. Typically, during a test,
participants will try to complete typical tasks while observers
watch, listen and takes notes. The goal is to identify any usability
problems, collect qualitative and quantitative data and determine
the participant's satisfaction with the product.
• To run an effective usability test, you need to develop a solid test
plan, recruit participants, and then analyze and report your
findings.

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 Visual Testing

• Visual testing is a software testing technique that evaluates the

visual appearance and behavior of a software application’s user
interface (UI) or graphical user interface (GUI). Visual testing aims
to verify that the application’s visual elements like colors, images,
fonts, and layouts, are displayed correctly and consistently across
different devices, operating systems, and browsers.​
• Visual testing ensures that the user interface (UI) of the developed
product appears as intended for users. It accomplishes this
through several key benefits, including:
• Identifying defects or issues in the UI interface.
• Detecting variations in the UI that do not match the baseline
snapshots.
• Creating specialized visual test cases that cover functional points.
• Identify visual bugs on different browsers.

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 Performance & Load Testing

Performance testing is a type of testing that is performed for verifying the

performance of a system and to monitor the behavior of the system under
stress. It tells about the reliability, stability, response time, and scalability of a
system. On the other hand, load testing is primarily aimed for identifying the
behavior of a system under the expected load.

What is Performance Testing?

Performance testing is performed over the software to test its performance

under a particular workload for its sensitivity, reaction time and its stability.
Performance testing is basically a superset of stress testing.
The primary goal of performing performance testing is to set the standards
and benchmarks for the product. Performance testing indicates how the
product behaves under regular parameters. Checking for concurrent users
and response time is an example of performance testing.

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 Performance & Load Testing

• Load testing checks the performance of a software to check its performance

under real life-based loads. In other words, load testing is a type of testing that
checks the behavior of a system under the expected load. To perform the load
testing of a system, we first need to know the expected load on the application
in real life.

• Load testing collects all the data about response time, reliability, and stability of
the system, and then analyzes the data to find the inconsistencies. Basically,
the load test is performed to ensure the stable operation of a system under an
expected load.

• The greatest advantage of load testing is that it helps in understanding the

expected load that a system can handle so that we can reduce the risk of a
failure.

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 Performance & Load Testing

The following are some of the important differences between Performance Testing and Load Testing −

Key Performance Testing Load Testing

Performance testing tests Load testing tests the
the system performance system performance for
Purpose
under varying loads. multiple users using the
application at the same time.
Performance testing is Load testing is conducted at
Threshold conducted at below and threshold limits.
above threshold limits.
Performance testing ensures Load testing ensures that the
that the system is performing system can handle how
Result perfectly under varying many users at a time without
loads. performance degradation.
Performance testing checks Load testing checks the
Result the performance of the operational capacity of the
system. system.
Performance testing tools Load testing tools are very
Cost
are not much costly. costly.
Performance testing checks Load testing checks the
Targets the reliability, scalability, and sustainability of the system.
speed of the system.
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 Daily Quiz

• What are shared on the Internet and are called as Web pages?
a) Programs
b) Cables
c) Hypertext documents
d) None

• What is the name of the location address of the hypertext

documents?
a) Uniform Resource Locator
b) Web server
c) File
d) Web address

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 Daily Quiz(cont..)
• Which of the following is true about public access modifier?
a) Variables, methods and constructors which are declared public can
be accessed by any class.
b) Variables, methods and constructors which are declared public can
be accessed by any class lying in same package.
c) Variables, methods and constructors which are declared public in
the superclass can be accessed only by its child class.
d) None of the above.
• Which program is used by web clients to view the web pages?
a) Web browser
b) Protocol
c) Web server
d) Search Engine

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 Daily Quiz(Cont..)
(a) The following “Things to consider” while planning a website:

(i) Purpose of website (ii) Target audience

(iii) Website contents (iv) All of these

(b) The initial stage of planning your website is to:

(i) Identify the target audience (ii) Identity the Purpose of the Site
(iii) Budgeting (iv) Prepare Blue Print

(c) Which of following are the are web site design consideration and
principles?

(i) Easy to read (ii)Easy to navigate

(iii) Quick download (iv) All of these

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 Weekly Assignment
1. Explain the following: [CO1]
1. URL
2. domain name space
3. Domain name server
2. Explain the term protocol. List all the commonly used web
protocols. [CO1]
3. Explain the role of web server on the internet. [CO1]
4. Explain the working of web with proper diagram. [CO1]
5. Give examples of each: static and dynamic website.[CO1]
6. Describe domain name space and domain name server. [CO1]
7. Describe all the steps of web site hosting. [CO1]
8. Explain Hypertext and Hypermedia. [CO1]
9. What do you understand by a markup language? List all the types of
markup languages. [CO1]
10. Explain HTML with basic structure of an HTML document. [CO1]
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 MCQ s
• Who is making web standards
a. Netscape
b. Microsoft
c. WWWC
• Range of Heading tags in HTML
a. <h1> to <h3>
b. <h1> to <h8>
c. <h1> to <h6>
d. <h1> to <h9>
• What does HTML stand for ?
a. Hyperlinks and Text Markup Language
b. Home Tool Markup Language
c. Hyper Text Markup Language
d. Home Text Markup Language
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 MCQ s(Cont..)
• Web is a huge collection of ………..of information linked to each other
around the globe.
a. Pages
b. Website
c. HTML
• Father of WWW
a. J.T. Thomson
b. Dennis Ritchie
c. Tim Berners-Lee
• Who is responsible for creating the look and feel of a site?
a. Creative Lead
b. Programmer
c. Analyst
d. Designer

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 MCQ s(Cont..)

Which of the following are information retrieval services on the internet?

i) World Wide Web ii) File Transfer Protocol iii) Telnet iv) Email
A) i, ii and iv only
B) ii, iii and iv only
C) i, ii and iii only
D) All i, ii, iii and iv

. ………….. allows remote accessing to the files which contain programs,

technical handouts, reports etc.
A) Remote Desktop
B) FTP
C) Telnet
D) Chat

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 Glossary Questions

………….. allows remote accessing to the files which contain programs,

technical handouts, reports etc.
A) Remote Desktop
B) FTP
C) Telnet
D) Chat
……………. is a global hypertext system that was initially developed in 1989
by Tim Berners Lee.
A) FTP
B) Telnet
C) www
D) email
The ……………. application is built with a protocol interpreter, a data transfer,
process and user interface.
A) TCP
B) FTP
C) Telnet
D) Chat

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 Glossary Questions
ARPANET used the concept of packet switching network consisting of
subnet and …………… computers.
A) local
B) remote
C) host
D) network

Internet was possible because of the use of the TCP/IP reference model
and ……………… protocol stack.
A) FTP
B) TCP/IP
C) DHCP
D) UDP
………………. was created for organizing machines into domains and map
hostname onto IP address.
A) Domain Addressing System
B) Domain Naming System
C) Host Naming System
D) Domain Mapping System
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 Sessional Papers

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 Sessional Papers

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 Sessional Papers

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 Sessional Papers

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 Old Question Paper

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 Old Question Paper(cont..)

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 Old Question Paper(cont..)

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 Expected Questions for University Exam

• Discuss the various protocols in details that are governing web

• Explain various types of tools available to design a website

• Discuss the process involve in web hosting with help of example

• Explain the various types server involve in client/server model

• Elaborate the complete process for creating Emails in Cpanel.

• Discuss various types of hosting packages for registering

domains

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 References

 Burdman, Jessica, “Collaborative Web Development” Addison

Wesley

 Xavier, C, “ Web Technology and Design” , New Age

International

 Ivan Bayross,” HTML, DHTML, Java Script, Perl & CGI”, BPB
Publication

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 Recap of Unit 1

• Discussed about the history of web development strategies and

protocols governing web with various types of internet services
and tools.

• Discussed about various types server with the help of client server
computing concepts.

• Discussed the various type of hosting packages

• Discussed about various protocols governing web

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