NOTE: Please be aware that these are merely guidelines for developing your chapters 4 and 5.

The
content may differ based on the specifics of your project. You are encouraged to include items that are
essential to your project's type and methodology. Please seek guidance from your thesis adviser.

CHAPTER IV: ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING

4.1. User’s Analysis

Purpose

The goal is to understand the types of users who will interact with the building, their needs, and how their
activities influence the space. This analysis ensures that the design caters to the specific requirements of
both primary and secondary users.

4.1.1. User’s General Information

● Major Users - These are the primary individuals who will use the facility (e.g., doctors, nurses,
patients in a hospital setting).
● Minor Users - These are secondary users such as visitors, suppliers, maintenance staff, etc.
● Population/Demography/Statistics - This includes relevant statistics about the population that
will use the facility (e.g., age groups, population size).

4.1.2. User’s Identification

● Chart – Users, Functions, Activities - A tabular representation mapping user types to their
corresponding functions and activities within the building (e.g., doctors: diagnosing, treating;
patients: receiving care).

How to Make It

1. Identify Major and Minor Users - Identify the key groups (e.g., employees, visitors, patients) and
any secondary users (e.g., maintenance staff, service providers).
2. Population/Demography - Collect demographic data about the users such as age, gender,
population size, and other relevant statistics.
3. User Identification - Use tables or charts to show the relationship between user types, activities,
and the functional spaces they require.

4.2. Behavioral Analysis

Purpose

To understand how users behave in a given space, the flow of movement, privacy needs, and interaction
requirements. This will influence the layout, circulation, and zoning of the design.

Example: Understanding patient flow in a hospital to ensure efficient, non-intrusive paths for medical care
and visitors.
How to Make It

1. Study User Movement - Observe or predict how users move through the space—are there areas of
high traffic or spaces requiring privacy?
2. Behavior Patterns - Analyze patterns such as how users will interact with each other and the
building (e.g., waiting areas for visitors in hospitals, work zones in offices).
3. Space Organization - Propose spatial configurations based on behavior (e.g., zoning of public,
semi-public, and private spaces).

4.3. Organizational Chart

Purpose

To visualize the hierarchy of users and their roles within the building. This helps to organize spaces based
on the relationship between different user groups.

This presents the hierarchical structure of users and their roles in relation to each other. For a hospital, this
may include the hierarchy from administrators down to cleaning staff.

How to Make It

1. Identify User Roles - Identify and classify the hierarchy of users (e.g., doctors, nurses,
administration staff).
2. Draw a Chart - Create a diagram that shows the roles and how they interrelate (e.g., who reports
to whom, who interacts most often).
3. Link to Spatial Organization - Ensure that spatial proximities reflect the organizational structure.

4.4. Space Programming

Purpose

To outline the spatial requirements based on user needs, functions, and interactions, both quantitatively
(size) and qualitatively (functionality and experience).

4.4.1. Spatial Programming (Quantitative & Qualitative)

● Quantitative - The specific dimensions and sizes of spaces, such as room sizes, hallway widths,
etc.
● Qualitative - Descriptions of the spatial character, such as lighting needs, ventilation, noise
control.

4.4.2. Interrelationship of Activity and Spaces

● Matrix Diagram - A tool that shows the relationships and required proximity between different
functions and spaces (e.g., emergency room close to operating theater).
● Schematic Diagram - A visual representation that simplifies the layout and flow of the building
based on the relationships between functions.
How to Make It

1. Quantitative Programming -Determine the area requirements for each space, based on
regulations or user data (e.g., how many square meters are needed for offices, common areas).
2. Qualitative Programming - Describe the ambiance, lighting, and ventilation requirements for each
space.
3. Matrix Diagram - Create a chart that shows how different spaces relate to each other functionally.
4. Schematic Diagram (it can be bubble diagrams or relationship diagrams) - Sketch an early-stage
design layout that represents how spaces are arranged based on their relationships.

4.5. Environmental Systems

Purpose

To ensure that all necessary building systems (structural, electrical, mechanical, etc.) are accounted for in
the design. These systems ensure the functionality and safety of the building.

A detailed description of the essential building systems required for operational success.

4.5.1. Structural System

● Outlines the type of structural system (e.g., reinforced concrete, steel frame) needed based on the
building type and site conditions.

4.5.2. Electrical System

● Details the electrical requirements such as power supply, distribution, lighting, emergency power,
etc.

4.5.3. Mechanical System

● Includes HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) systems for temperature control.

4.5.4. Fire-fighting System

● Explains the fire prevention and control systems, such as sprinklers, smoke alarms, and
emergency exits.

4.5.5. Sanitary System

● Water Supply System - Describes how water is sourced, stored, and distributed within the
building.
● Sanitary Drainage - The system for handling waste water.
● Storm Drainage - Systems for handling rainwater and preventing flooding.

4.5.6. Waste Management System

● Describes the methods for handling solid waste, including waste segregation, collection, and
disposal.
4.5.7. Landscaping System

● Hardscape - Elements like walkways, patios, retaining walls.

● Softscape - Plants, trees, and other greenery.

4.5.8. Security Systems

● Includes CCTV, access control, and alarms for ensuring the safety of users.

How to Make It

1. Identify Systems Needed - List all necessary systems based on building type (e.g., HVAC,
electrical supply, sanitary systems).
2. Describe Each System - Provide a brief explanation of the technical requirements for each system
(e.g., structural support for large open spaces, fire sprinkler systems for safety).
3. Integrate with Design - Ensure that the systems can be integrated into the overall architectural
concept without disrupting aesthetics or function.

4.6. Design Framework

Purpose

To establish the guiding principles, design concepts, and sub-concepts that will inform the aesthetic and
functional decisions of the project. This is the philosophical and conceptual foundation of the design.

4.6.1. Design Philosophy

● The guiding principle or thought process behind the design (e.g., user-centered design,
sustainable architecture).

4.6.2. Design Concept

● The central idea that defines the project, often responding to site, function, and aesthetic goals.

4.6.3. Sub-concepts

● Form Concept - How the form responds to function, site, or design philosophy.
● Function Concept - How spaces are organized based on user needs.
● Time Concept - How the design adapts to future changes or phases.
● Economy Concept - Cost-effective strategies incorporated in design.

4.6.4. Style Guiding Principle

● Defines the architectural style or aesthetic approach guiding the design, such as modernism,
minimalism, or vernacular architecture.
How to Make It

1. Design Philosophy - Write a statement that outlines the overall design intent (e.g., user-centered,
sustainability-focused).
2. Design Concept - Define a central theme or idea that ties together all elements of the design (e.g.,
"healing architecture" for a hospital).
3. Sub-concepts - Break down the main concept into smaller ideas related to form, function, and
time (e.g., how the building’s shape relates to its purpose, how it evolves over time).
4. Style Guiding Principle - Choose a style or aesthetic that fits the design philosophy (e.g.,
modernist, vernacular).

4.7. Manner of Financing

Purpose

To ensure that the project is financially viable and that sources of funding are identified. This section also
provides a preliminary cost estimate for construction.

A financial overview of the project’s costs and funding sources.

4.7.1. Sources of Financing

● Identifies the possible financing models for the project, such as loans, public funding, or private
investment.

4.7.2. Probable Construction Cost

● Breakdown of costs for different components:

a. Land Cost - Cost of acquiring the site.
b. Building Cost - Construction cost for the structure.
c. Site Development Cost - Costs associated with preparing and developing the site (e.g.,
landscaping, utility connections).
d. Miscellaneous Cost - Any other costs, such as fees and permits.
e. Other necessary costs applicable to the proposed project.

4.7.3. Income Generating Facilities

● A section discussing any parts of the project that will generate income, such as rental spaces or
commercial facilities.

How to Make It

1. Sources of Financing - Identify potential funding sources (e.g., public funds, private investments,
loans).
2. Breakdown of Costs - Estimate the cost for each element of the project—land, construction, site
development, and other expenses.
3. Income-Generating Facilities - If applicable, identify areas in the project that can generate income
(e.g., retail spaces, paid parking).
 CHAPTER V - FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

This chapter consolidates all the data and research gathered throughout the thesis and draws key
conclusions. It also offers recommendations based on the findings, providing insights into how the design
problem or issue can be addressed.

5.1. Findings

Purpose

The purpose of this section is to present the key findings from your research and analysis. It should
summarize the results from site analysis, user analysis, space programming, and any other relevant data
collected throughout the study.

How to Make It

1. Summarize Key Data - Organize the most important data you’ve gathered from earlier sections,
particularly those from Chapter III (Research Methodology) and Chapter IV (Architectural
Programming).
2. Focus on Relevance - Highlight only those findings that directly impact the design decisions or
the problem being addressed in the thesis. Use tables, charts, or diagrams if needed to make the
information clear.
3. Relate to Objectives - Revisit the objectives stated in Chapter I and align the findings with those
goals.

5.2. Conclusion

Purpose

This section draws final conclusions based on the findings and analysis. It summarizes the outcome of the
study and provides an overall assessment of the research objectives. It also offers recommendations for
the design or future studies, if applicable.

5.2.1. Conclusion on Findings

Purpose

To directly relate the findings to the research question and objectives of the study, showing whether the
original problem or goals have been addressed.

How to Make It:

1. Link Findings to Objectives - Go back to the research objectives and state how the findings
answered or addressed each of them.
2. Discuss Design Solutions - Explain how the findings lead to certain design decisions or
architectural approaches, showing how the research supported your design framework.
 3. Summarize Important Results - Bring out the most crucial findings that had the largest impact on
the study's outcome.

5.2.2. Conclusion on This Study

Purpose

To provide an overall assessment of the entire thesis and its value as a contribution to architectural
knowledge or design practice.

How to Make It

1. Evaluate the Success of the Study - Discuss whether the study was successful in addressing the
research questions and design goals.
2. Reflect on the Design Process - Mention what the research contributed to your design process,
and how it informed your final architectural solutions.
3. Provide Final Thoughts - Offer a closing statement on the value and significance of the study as it
relates to the field of architecture, specifically the problem you addressed (e.g., healthcare,
sustainability, urban planning).

5.2.3. Recommendations

Purpose

To offer actionable suggestions based on the conclusions of the study. Recommendations might focus on
improvements for the design, policy implications, or ideas for future research.

How to Make It

1. Provide Practical Recommendations - If applicable, suggest design changes or future steps that
could be taken to improve the project or address any limitations encountered in the study.
2. Propose Further Research -Identify areas where additional research could be valuable, such as
testing certain design elements, studying user feedback, or considering new technologies.
3. Address Policy or Regulation Suggestions - Depending on your thesis topic, provide
recommendations for policies or guidelines that could support your project or similar future
developments.