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The document outlines the fundamentals of mechanical systems, detailing how mechanisms transform input motion and force into output. It describes various types of motion including linear, rotary, reciprocating, and oscillating, as well as the function and classes of levers which utilize mechanical advantage. Additionally, it explains linkages that create movement around a fixed pivot and their different types, such as reverse motion, parallel motion, and crank and slider linkages.

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6 views

DT

The document outlines the fundamentals of mechanical systems, detailing how mechanisms transform input motion and force into output. It describes various types of motion including linear, rotary, reciprocating, and oscillating, as well as the function and classes of levers which utilize mechanical advantage. Additionally, it explains linkages that create movement around a fixed pivot and their different types, such as reverse motion, parallel motion, and crank and slider linkages.

Uploaded by

rahmt386.211
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mechanical System

 All mechanical systems have mechanisms. A mechanism changes the


magnitude and direction of force. It transforms an input motion and
force into an output one.
 Some mechanisms change one type of motion into another.

Types of Motion

 Linear motion – Movement in a straight line in one direction. A train


uses linear motion to move along a track.

 Rotary motion – Rotary movement follows a circular path around a


centre point such as a bicycle wheel.

 Reciprocating motion – Reciprocating motion is the movement of


in/out, up/down or left/right. Found in a car engines piston.

 Oscillating motion – The motion of left to right (or backwards) from a


single point. Found in a grandfather clocks pendulum
Levers
 Levers use mechanical advantage
 Levers make it easier to move and lift things.
 Levers are used to lift loads with the least amount of effort. Levers
have three main parts:

effort - the amount of force applied by the user, also referred to


as the input

fulcrum - where the lever pivots

load - the weight that needs to be moved, also referred to as the


output.

 Mechanical advantage is the amount of help you get using


a machine in comparison to doing something with just
human effort, and it is created by levers.

mechanical advantage = load (N) ÷ effort


 Classes of levers

 Placing the fulcrum (the point which the lever turns) in different
places effects where the load can be lifted.

First order (Class one): The fulcrum is placed centrally between the
force and the load such as a pair of pliers or a crow bar.

Second order (Class 2): The effort comes first, then the load at the same side of
the fulcrum. Such as a wheelbarrow, where the wheel is the fulcrum.

Third order (Class 3): The load is first, effort in the centre and fulcrum at the
end. Examples include tweezers, mouse traps and a hammer hammering a nail.
Linkages

Linkages are a mechanism which creates movement around a fixed pivot. They can
be used to change the direction of motion, type of motion and the size of a force.

 Reverse motion linkage – Because the pivot is fixed in the centre of a Z shape
when moved the top moves in the opposite direction to the bottom.

 Parallel motion linkage – Two fixed pivot points vertically make the horizontal
movement parallel.

 Bell crank linkage - A bell crank linkage looks like an L shape with a pivot
point in the corner. Horizontal force changes into vertical movement.

 Crank and slider- Crank and slider linkages change rotary motion into
reciprocating motion.

 Treadle - Treadle linkages use a rotary input to turn a crank on a fixed


pivot.

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