Connection | Interaction, Balance Energy | Scientific and Technical Innovation

Statement of Inquiry (SOI):

The connection between energy, balance and interaction forms the foundation of any ecosystem, driving
innovation and progress.

8th Grade

Types of Ecosystems
and Biomes
Week 2
 Learning Objectives

1 Students will be able to distinguish the differences between ecosystem and

biomes

2 Students will be able to describes types of biomes

3 Students will be able to describes types of terrestrial ecosystems

4 Students will be able to describes types of aquatic ecosystems

 Today’s Agenda

01 Ecosystem vs. Biomes 02 Types of Biomes

03 Terrestrial Ecosystems 04 Aquatic Ecosystems

Whoa!
Why is balance important in
maintaining ecological
communities?
 01
Habitat and Niche
 Habitat & Niche
Habitat is the environment in which a species usually lives

A niche defines a specific role played by organisms in an ecosystem

 Habitat & Niche
● A habitat is a particular place where ● A niche defines a specific role played by organisms in an
organisms live, i.e. address. ecosystem, i.e. profession

● Habitat is not species-specific, and many ● Niche is species-specific, and it supports only a single
species can occupy the same habitat. species.

● Habitat consists of several niches. ● Niche is specific to a particular species, which may
overlap with a similar niche but must have distinct
differences.

● Examples: desert, ocean, mountains, ● Examples: different trophic positions occupied by

grassland, forest, etc. Darwin’s finches.
 02
Types of Ecosystem &
Biomes
Ecosystem Biomes
A community of plants and A large area characterized by
animals (biotic) interacting its vegetation, soil, climate, and
(interdependence) with each wildlife.
other in a particular area
(large/small), as well as with
their non-living (abiotic)
environments.
 Ecosystem Biomes
A community of living A large-scale ecosystem
organisms interacting with classified by its climate,
non-living components in their vegetation, and animal species
environment
Biomes vs. Ecosystem
 Types of Ecosystem
Ecosystem are classified into two different groups based on their nature:

Natural Ecosystem Artificial Ecosystem

Under natural conditions. And Man made and maintained by
then classified based on the human
types of habitats

Terrestrial Ecosystem Aquatic Ecosystem

Ecosystem related to land: Ecosystem related to
Grassland, forest, desert, water: freshwater and
mountain ecosystems marine ecosystem
 Types of Biomes
Terrestrial Biomes Aquatic Biomes
Tundra, Grassland, Forest, Desert Freshwater, Marine
 Major Biomes
Tundra Grassland
● Arctic & ● Temperate Grassland
● Alpine ● Savanna Grassland

Aquatic
● Marine
● Freshwater
Forest Desert
● Chaparral/Shrubland Hot & cold
Biome
● Tropical Rainforest
● Boreal/Taiga/Conifer
ous forest
 Biomes
What Determines the World Biomes?
● The climate of the region
● The location where each biome is found
● The location’s geography
● The special adaptations of the vegetation
● The types of animals found in the biome, their physical and
behavior adaptation to their environment
 Biomes
Biomes are influenced by Earth’s climate zones, which determine
temperature, rainfall, and seasonal patterns

Tropical Zone Polar Zone

Near the equator, warm and Extremely cold and dry.
humid. Tundra, Polar Deserts
Tropical Rainforest, Savannas Temperate Zone
Moderate temperatures with
distinct seasons.
Temperate Forest, Grassland
 Biomes
Biomes over time
● The survival and wellbeing of a biome and its organisms depends on
ecological relationships throughout the world. Changes in distant
parts of the world and its atmosphere affect our environment and us.
● Any change in one part of an environment, like an increase or
decrease of a species of animal or plant, cause a ripple effect of
change in other parts of the environment.
 Types of Ecosystems and Biomes

Terrestrial Biomes Aquatic Biomes

Tundra Freshwater
Grassland Marine
Forest
Desert
Tundra
● are the coldest of all the land biomes and are
characterized with very little biodiversity capacity
● are widely barren due to the very little rain and the
freezing temperatures
● covers about a fifth of the earth’s land cover
● are located towards the poles of the earth that
result in the very low temperatures
● in the summer, the temperatures range between 2
and 4 degrees Celsius and as low as negative 35
degrees Celsius in the winter.
Tundra
● Location: Arctic Circle, Himalayas.
● Climate: Very cold, low precipitation
(<25 cm/year).
● Features: Permafrost, low vegetation.
● Examples of Species: Polar bears,
arctic foxes, lichens.
 Arctic
● Freezing climate most of the year
● Very little soil present for growth
● World’s windiest place
● Surrounded by oceans
● Polar bears, caribou, and seals
populate this area.
 ● Lack of trees
● Permafrost present most of the year
Alpine Tundra ●
●
Cold and dry
Tops of mountains
● Characterized by small shrubs,
mosses, and lichens
Grassland/Savanna
● 1/3 of Earth’s surface
● area which vegetation is dominated by
continuous cover of grasses
● categorized into the Temperate
Grasslands and the Savanna Grasslands
● Africa hosts one of the largest Savanna
Grasslands, which constitutes more than
a third of the continent’s land cover
● less trees, more flowers, and grasses
● lie between moist forest and dry desert
Grassland/Savanna
● Location: Serengeti (Africa), Sumba
Island (Indonesia).
● Climate: Seasonal rainfall (50-125
cm/year), warm temperatures.
● Features: Open grasslands with
scattered trees.
● Examples of Species: Lions,
elephants, zebras.
Temperate Grassland
● characterized by a rich mix of
grasses and some of the world's
most fertile soils warm to hot
summers, cold winters, moderate
seasonal precipitation, fertile
soils, occasional fires
● the temperatures are very high
and freezing during summer and
winter respectively. Animals here
include hare, hawks, mice, foxes,
owls, and spiders
 Savanna Grassland
● the temperatures and rainfall
are moderate
● animal here include the hyenas,
lions, leopards, snakes,
buffaloes, giraffes and insects.
Desert
● Little rainfall or precipitation
● Hot, arid climate
● Covers nearly 20% of the
Earth’s surface
● Cactus, scorpions, snakes, and
lizards survive here.
Desert
Hot Desert Cold Desert
the Sahara of North Africa and can be found in the
the deserts of the southwestern Antarctic (South Pole),
U.S., Mexico, and Australia, occur Greenland, and parts of
at low altitudes North America
 Forest
● constitute nearly 30% of the earth’s
total land cover
● have great value to numerous
biological systems on earth
● mainly composed of trees and
vegetation plantations that store
carbon and have an incredible
feature of controlling the planet’s
climate
 Forest
● mainly composed of trees and
vegetation plantations that
store carbon and have an
incredible feature of controlling
the planet’s climate
● a prime example is the
rainforest which provides a
habitat to millions of animals,
plants, birds, and insects
 Temperate Forest
● Large hardwood trees are
present
● Most trees lose their leaves
every fall – Oaks, Ash, Birch
● Generally has 4 seasons
● 2-6 feet of precipitation per year
● Deer, rabbit, and beaver thrive
here.
 Rain Forest
● Most diverse biome
● Greatest amount of rainfall
● Covers 6% of Earth but is home to 50%
of all species
● Important products such as medicine,
fruit, lumber and teas come from this
biome.
● Near equator
● Monkeys, birds, snakes, small mammals
live here
 Taiga (Coniferus Forest)
● Cold harsh climate with a short growing
season
● Dominated by evergreen trees that have
needles
● Biodiversity low because of harsh
conditions
● Prone to wildfires
● Moose, red fox, and bear coexist here.
 Types of Ecosystems and Biomes

Terrestrial Biomes Aquatic Biomes

Tundra √ Freshwater
Grassland√
Forest √
Marine

Desert √
Savanna ecosystem characteristics

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 Aquatic Biome
● refers to all the water bodies on the planet’s surface
● it constitutes about 71% of the earth’s surface
● are further subdivided into Freshwater Biomes and Marine
Biomes.
● aquatic life forms are influenced by the abiotic factors such as
sunlight penetration in the waters as well as the salt content,
temperature, and pressure.
 Freshwater
● (only about 3%)
● includes ponds,
streams, rivers,
wetlands, and lakes
 Marine
A. Ocean
B. Estuaries: Semi-enclosed
body of water with an
opening to the ocean and
fed by freshwater.
C. Coral reefs
 Ocean
● Cover 70% of Earth’s
surface
● Salt water
● Water temperature
depends on global location
● Sharks, fish, kelp, coral, and
rays coexist here.
 Estuaries
● Examples: Mahakam Delta
(Indonesia), Chesapeake Bay (USA).
● Climate: Mix of freshwater and
saltwater environments.
● Features: Rich in nutrients,
supports mangroves and fish
nurseries.
● Examples of Species: Mangroves,
shrimp, mudskippers.
 Thanks!
Does anyone have any questions?

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