STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

Third Quarter
COURSE DESCRIPTION
At the end of the course, the students must know how to find the mean and variance of a random variable, to apply sampling techniques
and distributions, to estimate population mean and proportion, to perform hypothesis testing on population mean and proportion, and to perform
correlation and regression analyses on real-life problems.

CHAPTER 2
LESSON 2: NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

Learning Outcome(s): At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:
1. Illustrates a normal random variable and its characteristics.
2. Constructs a normal curve.

Continuation…
THE Z-SCORE

The z-score is an essential component in standard normal distribution. This allows us to describe a given set
of data by finding the z-scores. This leads us to a question of how z-scores are identified.
Given a normal random variable X with mean (µ) and standard deviation (σ ), each value of x of the
variable can be transformed into z-scores using the formula,
x−µ
z=
σ
where z=¿ z-score or standard score
x=¿ observed value
µ=¿ mean
σ =¿ standard deviation

To illustrate how the value of x can be converted in z-score, here are some examples.
EXAMPLE 1: A random variable X has a mean of 6 and a standard deviation of 2. Find the corresponding z-score for
x = 11.
Given: x=11 µ=6 σ =2
x−µ
Solution: z= Step 1: Write the formula.
σ
11−6
z= Step 2: substitute the given values.
2
5
z= Step 3: Perform the operations.
2
z=2.5 Step 4: Write the corresponding z-score.

EXAMPLE 2:
Given: x=20 µ=12 σ =3
x−µ
Solution: z= Step 1: Write the formula.
σ
20−12
z= Step 2: substitute the given values.
3
8
z= Step 3: Perform the operations.
3
z=2.67 Step 4: Write the corresponding z-score.

EXAMPLE 3:
Given: x=18 µ=28 σ =5
x−µ
Solution: z= Step 1: Write the formula.
σ
18−28
z= Step 2: substitute the given values.
5
−10
z= Step 3: Perform the operations.
5
z=−2 . Step 4: Write the corresponding z-score
EXAMPLE 4: The scores in the summative test of 11- STEM B are normally distributed with a mean of 65 and a
standard deviation of 12. Find the probability that some students got a score below 40.
Given: x=40 µ=65 σ =12
x−µ
STEP 1: z=
σ
40−65
z=
12
−25
z=
12
z=−2.08
Therefore, the P ( X < 40 )=P( Z ←2.08)

STEP 2: Draw a normal curve and locate the z - score and

shade.
STEP 3: Locate the corresponding (approximate) area of the z - score in the z-table.
z=−2.08 has a corresponding area of 0.0188
STEP 4: If you are looking for a less than area, the area in the table is the answer, therefore, the
P ( Z ←2.08 ) =0.0188 or 1.88%.

EXAMPLE 5: The height (in meters) of grade 11 students in section A follows a normal distribution with the mean
1.6 and a standard deviation of 0.3. Find the probability that students chosen at random has a height greater than
1.75.
Given: x=1.75 µ=1.6 σ =0.3
x−µ
STEP 1: z=
σ
1.75−1.6
z=
0.3
0.15
z=
0.3
z=0.5
Therefore, the P ( X >1.75 ) =P(Z> 0.5)

STEP 2: Draw a normal curve and locate the z - score and shade.
STEP 3: Locate the corresponding (approximate) area of the z - score in the z-table.
z=0.5 has a corresponding area of 0.6915
STEP 4: If you are looking for a greater than area, the area in the table is subtracted from 1, therefore,
1.0000 – 0.6915 = 0.3085, and the P ( Z >0.5 )=0.3085 or 30.85%

THE PERCENTILE

A percentile is a measure used in statistics indicating the value below which a given percentage of
observations in a group of observations fall.
Imagine you took a standardized test and you scored 91 at the 89th percentile. This means that 89% of the
examiners scored lower than 91 and 11% scored higher than 91. This explains that 89th percentile is located where
89% of the total population lies below and 11% lies above that point. To illustrate the 89th percentile of the normal
curve here are the steps:
1. Express the given percentage as probability, remember 89% is the same as 0.8900.
2. Using the z-table (Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) of the Standard Normal Curve), locate the area of
0.8900.
3. There is no area corresponding exactly to 0.8900. It is between of 0.8888 with a corresponding z - score of
1.22 and 0.8907 with a corresponding z - score of 1.23. The nearest value to 0.8900 is 0.8888 and therefore,
the distribution lies below z = 1.22.
4. Construct a normal curve and shade the region to the left of 1.22.
 STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

THIRD QUARTER
MODULE 3.3

NAME: _____________________________________________ GRADE & STRAND: _________________ SCORE: ______________

TEACHER: ARJADE O. ALCABAZA, LPT DATE: ____________________________

TEST I: PRACTICE AND APPLICATION! (20 POINTS)

A. Directions: Complete the table by converting the given values into z-scores. Then find the corresponding area
using the z-table. SHOW YOUR SOLUTIONS BELOW THE TABLE OR AT THE BACK OF YOUR PAPER!

B. Directions: Compute the following probabilities using the standard normal curve. Construct a curve then shade
the region corresponding to the area.
1. P(Z >−1.53)

2. P(Z <2.89)