Modern History Bihar

The Portuguese were the first European to enter in Bihar. Hooghly was
the first place in the region where the Portuguese established their factory in
1579-80 when Emperor Akbar gave permission to a Portuguese captain Pedro
Tavares.
The Dutch company established their factory in Northern part of Patna
college in 1632.
The French established their warehouse at Patna in 1734.
The Danish built a factory at Nepali Kothi (Patna) to process Saltpetre in
1774.
The east India Company established their factory in 1620 at Alamganj
in Patna for the trade of saltpetre. In 1651 the company established a
factory in Gulzar Bagh.

Bihar organisations

1820 Wahabi Movement (sunni Islamic revivalist movement,

inspired by the teachings of Abdul Wahab of Arabia and the sermons of
Shah Walliullah) iniatiated by syed Ahmed Barelvi : Patna as centre of
protest led by Hazi Sharitullah from 1828 to 1868.
1856: Lota vidroh in Muzaffarpur jail
1893 in Bihar गोरक्षणि सभा, initially started in Punjab in 1882 by Kuka,
Dayanand Saraswati
1894 Bihar times Patrika by Mahesh Narayan, help- Sachchidanand
sinha for Prithak Bihar

3rd March 1899 Boy’s association (popularly known as Youth club)

founded by Suryadev Narayan Sharma, inaugurated under chairmanship
of Afak Khan, Secretary- Kamleshwari Charan Sinha
1901 Saraswati Academy at Darbhanga
1904 Golden league in Deoghar for swadeshi movement, Deshar katha
book by Sakha Ram Deoskar
1906 Bihar student conference by Rajendra prasad, Anugrah Narain
and Krishna singh.
1906-07 Ramkrishna society in Patna by Babaji thakur das (also written
the motherland)
1908 At sonpur fair, important meeting held to form Bihar Provincial
congress committee under presidentship of Nawab Sarfraz Hussain
Khan. 1st adhiveshan in Patna, The President of the conference was Sir Ali
Imam. The second session of the conference took place at Bhagalpur on
the 9th and 10th April 1909 with Sachchidananda Sinha as the President.

Muzaffarpur bomb by Praphull Chaki, Khudiram Bose (11 Aug 1908)

1912 Indian National Congress 28th annual session held at Bankipur,

Patna. President- RN Mudholkar, Chairman- Mazharul Haque, Secretary-
Sachchidanand Sinha, Paemeshwarlal.
Golf Club was established

1913 सचिंद्र नाथ सान्याल ने 1913 में पटना में अनुशीलन समिति की एक शाखा की
स्थापना की। बीएन कॉलेज के बंकिमचंद्र मित्र को संगठन का नेतृत्व करने के लिए
जिम्मेदारियां दी गयीं।

1916 Patna high court was established,

Home rule league: president- Mazharul haq (also known as
Deshbhushan) in Bihar, Vice president- Sarfaraz Hussain Khan and
Purnendu Narain Sinha, Secratries- Chandravanshi sahay & Baijnath
narain Singh, 1st meeting Bankipur 16 dec 1916, not spread in
Champaran, Janakdhari prasad led homerule league in Muzaffarpur,
Bajrang sahay & tarini prasad Singh in Saran. Rampuran Chand
suggested to worship Bharatmata on vijay dashmi.

1917 Patna university established,

Champaran Satyagrah in 1917, Rajkumar Shukla & Sant Raut invited
Gandhiji to look into the problem of indigo planters (compelled by
Europeans to plant indigo on 3/20 of their total land, Tinkathia system).
school started in Barharwain Lakhansen village (Motihari) by Gandhiji.
In response, Governor- Adbert Gate constituted Champaran agrarian
committee on 10th June 1917 member- F.G. Sly, L.C. Adami, Harihar
Prasada Narayan Singh, D.J Reid, Gandhi, Champaran agrarian Act was
passed on 1st May 1918.
Batak Mian was a cook who saved the life of Mahatma Gandhi
from a murder attempt by food poisoning in 1917.

1919 Jamalpur andolan by labourers

13 April 1919, Gandhiji started Non-cooperation movement. called off
1922 due to chauri chaura incident.
Maulana sajjad inaugurated Khilafat committee at Gaya. 19 oct 1919,
Khilafat Diwas

Swami Vidyanand led cultivators in Madhubani, Bihar against

zamindars during non- cooperation movement.
Rowlatt Satyagrah by Gandhiji nationwide against Rowlatt Bill. In Bihar,
Patna, Munger, Gaya, Bhagalpur, Chhapra, Muzaffarpur, Champaran was
affected.

1920 19 March 1020, 2nd Khilafat diwas also observed as National

mourning.
Jamshedpur workers association by SN Haldar, Byomkesh Chakravarti
15 Aug 1920, Hijrat committee was formd.

1921 sadaqat ashram by mazhrul haq (initiated newspaper the

motherland from Sadaqat ashram in 1921), Bihar Vidyapeeth established
by Rajendra prasad as principal, Inaugrated by MK, Kasturba Gandhi,
Mohammad Ali gauhar.
Mahendra prasad, Rajendra prasad’s brother returned title ‘Ray sahab’ at
NCM.

1922 Indian National Congress 38th annual session held at Gaya.

President- CR Das,
1922-23 kisan sabha at munger led by muhammad zubair sri krishna
singh
1923 swaraj party led by CR Das, Motilal Nehru, 1 st Chairman- narayan
prasad, secretary- abdul bari. In Bihar,Sri Krishna singh led swaraj dal

1927 patna yuvak sangh by manindra rai

1928 kisan sabha ka aupacharik dhang se sthapna by sahajanand
saraswati
बिहार युवक संघ,
1928 Ravidas sabha by Jagajivan ram
Against Simon commision , anugrah Narayan led the meeting in Bihar.
Subhash chandra bose in jamshedpur, majdur hadtal samapt karne ke
liye

1929 bihar provincial kisan sabha in sonpur by Sahajanand

saraswati
Akhil indian trade union adhiveshan in jharia, jawaharlal nehru
president for 7 years

1930 Patna swadeshi Committee in patna , pres- ali imam against chowki
dari tax
Nangi hadtal in chapra jail demanding swadeshi dress
6 april 1930 was chosen date of salt satyagrah in Bihar

bhagalpur - 1st mahadev lal sarraf

2nd deep narayan agrawal
Champaran- bipin bihari verma
Saran-girish tiwari, chandrika singh, bharat mishra
Muzaffarpur- ramdayalu singh, jankdhari singh, ramnandan singh
Patna narvaspind- ambika kant singh, ramvriksh beni puri
Darbhanga- satya narayan singh
Munger- sri krishna singh
Manbhum- Nivaran chandra dasgupta
Shahabad- bhavani dayal sanyasi
Bihpur satyagrah took place.
Raibahadur dwarkanath had resigned from Bihar legislative council in
protest of lathi charge on Rajendra Prasad and Abdul Bari. Peasant
refused to pay Chaukidari tax.

1931 bihar socialist party by ganga sharan sinha, ram vriksh beni puri,
ramanand mishra, Abdul Bari, phulon prasad verma, Begusarai Golikand
1932 united political party by zamindars to suppress peasants.
1934 Aupcharik sthapna in anjuman islamia hall Bihar socialist party,
pres-acharya narendra dev, secretary jp narayan
1936 akhil bhartiya kisan sabha , pres- sahaj anand sarswati,
mahasachiv- NG ranga
Triveni sangh- n p mehta, jagdev singh, shiv pujan singh (Yadav, Kurmi
and other OBC)
Bakasht Andolan at Munger
1938 Momin congress by abdul kayyum ansari,
Adivasi Mahasabha by Theodor surin
1939 Ambari satyagrah by rahul sankrityayan (Father of Hindi
travelogue, Ganga meri Jeevan yatra, Madhya Asia ka itihas etc.)
1940 forward block in bihar, patna by Shilbhadra yachi
Individual Satyagrah: 1st satygrahi- Krishna singh, 2nd – Anugrah
Narayan Sinha
Gauri Shankar singh did satyagrah from Gaya, Shyam Narayan Singh from
Silao.

1942 wg Archer on 11august 1942 ordered open firing on students in

Secretariat building, patna , 7 students were killed.
1943 aajad dasta ka gathan in nepal,
Nirdeshak- sardar nityanand singh

Government of India Act, 1935 gave provincial autonomy in the state.

Elections were held in 152 election zones in Bihar. Congress got majority.
Sri Krishna Singh refused to form government. Mohammad Yunus (leader
of independent party, 2nd largest party) was 1st Prime minister of Bihar.
Later on 20 july 1937, Sri Krishna Singh formed congress cabinet. Speaker
of Legislative council - Ramdayalu singh, deputy speaker Abdul bari

पटना क्रांतिकारी के नेता मनिंद्र नारायण राय

1928 में हिंदुस्तान सोशलिस्ट रिपब्लिकन आर्मी की बैठक में बिहार से
फंइन्द्रनाथ घोष सम्मिलित हुए।
1946-mahila charkha samiti, kadamkuan jharkhand prithak me 1st leader
rajyapal singh
1947 on Independence, patna lawn renamed Gandhi maidan..
1955 Act was passed to stop Cow slaughter
Swaraj dal in bihar by sri krishna singh
Bihar provincial kisan sabha by sahaj anand saraswati
Searchlight newspaper editor

Kisan Andolan
1918 UP kisan sabha by Gauri Shankar Mishra & Indra Narayan Dwivedi
supported by Madan Mohan Malviya
Swami Vidyanand led cultivators in Darbhanga,Madhubani, Bihar
against zamindars during non- cooperation movement.
A kisan sabha at Hilsa organised by Jagannath Pathak on 27 oct 1920
under presidentship of shah gafoor.
A kisan sabha at munger led by muhammad zubair sri krishna singh
 Bihar provincial kisan sabha in sonpur 1929 formed by sahajanand
saraswati (wrote hunkar journal) to mobilise peasant grievances against
zamindar
In action, 1932 zamindars formed United Political party to supress
peasants.
In 1936, All india Kisan sabha was formed at Lucknow.
In Bihar, peasant movement was led by Sahajanad Saraswati and his
followers Pandit Yamuna Karjee, Rahul sanskrityayan and others.
A hindi weekly HUnkar from Bihar in 1940 by followers Pandit Yamuna
Karjee & Rahul sanskrityayan. Hunkar became mouthpiece of peasant
movement and Agrarian movement.

NEWSPAPER-
1874 bihar bandhu, hindi
1890 sarva hitaishi, 1st daily Hindi
1875 english, The bihar herald, guru prasad sen
1876 1st urdu, ara, urul anwar by mhmd hashim
1881patna indian chronical
1903 bihar times, patna
1906 the bihari
1918 searchlight editor saiyad haider hussain
The searchlight newspaper by syed Hasan imam. On death of Tilak, this
newpaper published an article ‘Bihar is Mourning’.
1924 patna times by mohammad yunus
1931 the indian nation by kameshwar singh, darbhanga

Literature:
India struggle for freedom by J.P. Narayan, Sampadak- Yusuf Mehrally
Ambika kant singh & Jagdish Narayan- Yuvak patrika
India for indians- cr das
Poverty and in british rule by dada bhai naroji

EDUCATION -
Nalanda- kumar gupta
Vikramashila, odantpuri(1st principal- shantarakshit)- dharampal
Rajaram mohan rai learnt parsi from patna
Vidyapati(mithila)- kirtimala, kirti pataka
Western education- 1833 , Bentinck ,lord Macaulay planning.
1835 patna, school
1847 st joseph girls

CULTURAL REFORMS
Raja Ram Mohan rai in patna for Parsi language
1866 brahma samaj by krishna nandan ghosh in Bhagalpur
1872 Bihar Scientific society by Imdad Ali Khan in Muzaffarpur
1885 aryasamaj kanapur
1891 Khudabaksh Library
1894 theosophical society, shri Krishna singh secretary from 1919-23
1917 jamate-ullemah- Hind, Maulana mohhamad sajjad
1920 ramkrishna mission jamshedpur
1921 Imarte Shariah, Md sajjad, phulwarisharif