Vidya Pratishthan’s

Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute of Engineering and Technology, Baramati

Department of First Year Engineering
Semester: II (2022-23)
Mid-Sem Test (SET B)
Subject: Engineering Mathematics–II Max. Marks: 30
Date: 15 May 2023 Time: 5 pm to 6 pm
Q.1(a): Solve (2𝑥𝑦 4 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (4𝑥 2 𝑦 3 + 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0.
Solution: (2𝑥𝑦 4 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (4𝑥 2 𝑦 3 + 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0
The D.E. is of the form 𝑀𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁𝑑𝑦 = 0,
where 𝑀 = 2𝑥𝑦 4 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 and 𝑁 = 4𝑥 2 𝑦 3 + 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦
𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
∴ = 8𝑥𝑦 3 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 and 𝜕𝑥 = 8𝑥𝑦 3 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦
𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
As = , the D.E. 𝑀𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁𝑑𝑦 = 0 is exact.
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥

The general solution is given by

∫𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑀 𝑑𝑥 + ∫(𝑇𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑁 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑥)𝑑𝑦 = 𝑐

∴ ∫𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡(2𝑥𝑦 4 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 0𝑑𝑦 = 𝑐

∴ 𝑥 2 𝑦 4 + 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 = 𝑐

Q.1(b): Solve (𝑥 2 𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 − (𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0.

Solution: (𝑥 2 𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + (3𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑥 3 )𝑑𝑦 = 0
The D.E. is of the form 𝑀𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁𝑑𝑦 = 0,
where 𝑀 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 2 and 𝑁 = 3𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑥 3
The D.E. is homogeneous.
1 1 1 1
So, 𝐼. 𝐹. = 𝑥𝑀+𝑦𝑁 . = 𝑥(𝑥 2 𝑦−2𝑥𝑦 2 )+𝑦(3𝑥 2 𝑦−𝑥 3 ) = (𝑥 3 𝑦−2𝑥 2 𝑦 2)+(3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 −𝑥 3 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 𝑦 2

Divide the given D.E. by 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 ,

1 2 3 𝑥
∴ (𝑦 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑦 − 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑦 = 0

This is an is exact D.E. and the general solution is given by

1 2 3
∫𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 (𝑦 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ (𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑐
𝑥
∴ 𝑦 − 2log𝑥 + 3log𝑦 = c
𝑥 𝑦3
∴ 𝑦 + log (𝑥 2 ) = c

1
Q.1(c): Solve 𝑦(𝑥𝑦 − 3)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥(3𝑥𝑦 − 3)𝑑𝑦 = 0.
Solution: The D.E. is of the form 𝑀𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁𝑑𝑦 = 0,
where 𝑀 = 𝑥𝑦 2 − 3𝑦 and 𝑁 = 3𝑥 2 𝑦 − 3𝑥
The D.E. can be expressed in the form 𝑦𝑓1 (𝑥𝑦) + 𝑐𝑓2 (𝑥𝑦) = 0.
1 1 1 1
So, 𝐼. 𝐹. = 𝑥𝑀−𝑦𝑁 . = 𝑥(𝑥𝑦 2 −3𝑦)−𝑦(3𝑥 2 𝑦−3𝑥) = (𝑥 2 𝑦 2 −3𝑥𝑦)−(3𝑥 2 𝑦2 −3𝑥𝑦) = −2𝑥 2 𝑦 2

Divide the given D.E. by 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 ,

1 3 3 3
∴ (𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑦 = 0

This is an is exact D.E. and the general solution is given by

1 3 3
∫𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 (𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ (𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑐
3
∴ log𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 + 3log𝑦 = c
3
∴ 𝑥𝑦 + log(𝑥. 𝑦 3 ) = c

𝑑𝑦
Q.1(d): Solve (𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)𝑦 = 1.
𝑑𝑦
Solution: (𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)𝑦 = 1

Divide the given D.E. by 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥,

𝑑𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 1
∴ 𝑑𝑥 + ( ) 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 1
The D.E. is of the form 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑃𝑦 = Q, where 𝑃 = and 𝑄 = 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

This is a linear D.E. in 𝑦.

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑥
∴ 𝐼. 𝐹. = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) = 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
The general solution is given by 𝑦. (𝐼. 𝐹. ) = ∫ Q. (𝐼. 𝐹. )𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
1
∴ 𝑦. (𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) = ∫ (𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) (𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐

∴ 𝑥. 𝑦. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
∴ 𝑥. 𝑦. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑐

𝑑𝑦 2
Q.1(e): Solve 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑦 3 𝑒 −𝑥 .
𝑑𝑦 2
Solution: 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑦 3 𝑒 −𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2
∴ 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑦 = −𝑦 3 𝑒 −𝑥

Divide the given D.E. by 𝑦 3 ,

1 𝑑𝑦 𝑥 2
∴ 𝑦 3 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑦 2 = −𝑒 −𝑥

2
 1 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 2 𝑑𝑦
Put 𝑢 = − 𝑦 2 ∴ 𝑑𝑥 = −(−2)𝑦 −3 𝑑𝑥 ∴ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑦 3 𝑑𝑥

So, the D.E. becomes,

1 𝑑𝑢 2
+ 𝑥. 𝑢 = −𝑒 −𝑥
2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 2
∴ 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥. 𝑢 = −2𝑒 −𝑥
𝑑𝑢 2
The D.E. is of the form 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑃𝑢 = Q, where 𝑃 = 2𝑥 and 𝑄 = −2𝑒 −𝑥

This is a linear D.E. in 𝑢.

2
∴ 𝐼. 𝐹. = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫ 2𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥
The general solution is given by 𝑢. (𝐼. 𝐹. ) = ∫ Q. (𝐼. 𝐹. )𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐′
2 2 2
∴ 𝑢. (𝑒 𝑥 ) = ∫(−2𝑒 −𝑥 )(𝑒 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐′
1 2
∴ (− 𝑦 2 ) . (𝑒 𝑥 ) = ∫(−2)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐′
2
𝑒𝑥
∴− = −2𝑥 + 𝑐′
𝑦2
2
𝑒𝑥
∴ = 2𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑦2

Q.2(a): Find orthogonal trajectories of the family of 𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑦 2 = 1.

Solution: Consider given equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑦 2 = 1. … (1)
Step-1: Differentiate given equation w. r. t. 𝑥
𝑑𝑦
∴ 2𝑥 + 2𝑐𝑦 =0
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
∴ 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑦 =0
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
∴ 𝑐𝑦 = −𝑥
𝑑𝑥
−𝑥
∴𝑐= … (2)
𝑑𝑦
𝑦
𝑑𝑥
Step-2: Eliminate constant 𝑐 from equation (1) and (2),
Put value of 𝑐 in equation (1)
(−𝑥) 2
∴ 𝑥2 + 𝑦 =1
𝑑𝑦
𝑦
𝑑𝑥
𝑥𝑦
∴ 𝑥2 − =1
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 −𝑑𝑥
Step-3: Replace 𝑏𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦

3
 𝑥𝑦
∴ 𝑥2 − =1
𝑑𝑥
−
𝑑𝑦
𝑥𝑦
∴ 𝑥2 + =1
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
Step-4: Make variable separable form.
𝑥𝑦
∴ 𝑥2 + =1
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝑥𝑦
∴ = 1 − 𝑥2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
∴ 𝑥𝑦 = (1 − 𝑥 2 )
𝑑𝑦
1 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
∴𝑦=
𝑥 𝑑𝑦
1 − 𝑥2
∴ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
1
∴ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = (𝑥 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 This is variable separable form.

Step-5: Find integration.

1
∴ ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ( − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑥
𝑦2 𝑥2
∴ = log 𝑥 − + 𝑐
2 2
𝑦2 𝑥2
∴ + = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 + 𝑐.
2 2

Q.2(b):Find orthogonal trajectories of the family of 𝑟 = 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃.

Solution: Consider given equation 𝑟 = 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 … (1)
Step-1: Differentiate given equation w. r. t. 𝜃
First take log on both sides
∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑟 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)
∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑟 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
Differentiate given equation w. r. t. 𝜃
1 𝑑𝑟 1
∴ =0+ (−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)
𝑟 𝑑𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
1 𝑑𝑟
∴ = −𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
𝑟 𝑑𝜃
Step-2: Here constant 𝑎 eliminated automatically.

4
 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝜃
Step-3: Replace 𝑑𝜃 𝑏𝑦 − 𝑟 2 𝑑𝑟
1 𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝜃
∴ − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = (−𝑟 2 ) = −𝑟
𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟
Step-4: Make variable separable form.
1 1
∴ 𝑑𝜃 = dr
tan 𝜃 𝑟
1
∴ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = 𝑟 𝑑𝑟 This is variable separable form.

Step-5: Find integration.

1
∴ ∫ cot 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = ∫ dr
𝑟
∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑟 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑐
∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑟𝑐
∴ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = 𝑟𝑐
1
∴𝑟= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
𝑐
∴ 𝑟 = 𝐶 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃.

Q.3: A copper ball is heated to a temp of1000 c then at time 𝑡 = 0 it is placed in water which
is maintained at a temperature of 300 c. At the end of 3 minutes, the temperature of the ball
is reduced to 700 c.Find the time at which the temperature of the ball drops to 310 c.
Solution: Let 𝜃0 = 30℃ is the temperature of surroundings.
Let 𝜃 = 100℃is the temperature of ball at time 𝑡 = 0
and 𝜃 = 70 is the temperature of ball at time 𝑡 = 3 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑑𝜃
By Newtons Law of Cooling, = −𝑘(𝜃 − 𝜃0 )
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝜃
∴ = −𝑘𝑑𝑡 … (1)
(𝜃 − 30)
First find 𝑘, by integrating eq (1) with limits 𝑡 = 0 to 𝑡 = 3 and 𝜃 = 100℃ to 𝜃 = 70℃.
70 3
𝑑𝜃 Temp.(𝜃) Time (t)
∴∫ = −𝑘 ∫ 𝑑𝑡
100 (𝜃 − 30) 0 100 0
70
∴ [𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝜃 − 30)]100 = −𝑘[𝑡]30 70 3
∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔(70 − 30) − 𝑙𝑜𝑔(100 − 30) = −𝑘(3 − 0) 31 𝑡 =?
∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 40 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 70 = −3𝑘
40
∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) = −3𝑘
70
1 4
∴ − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) = 𝑘
3 7

5
⇒ 𝑘 = 0.186538
Now find the time at which the temperature of the ball is 31℃.
Integrate equation (1) with limits 𝑡 = 0 to 𝑡 = 𝑡 and 𝜃 = 100 to 𝜃 = 31
31 𝑡
𝑑𝜃
∴∫ = −𝑘 ∫ 𝑑𝑡
100 (𝜃 − 30) 0
31
∴ [𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝜃 − 30)]100 = −𝑘[𝑡]𝑡0
∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔(31 − 30) − 𝑙𝑜𝑔(100 − 30) = −𝑘(𝑡 − 0)
∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 1 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 70 = −𝑘𝑡
1
∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) = −𝑘𝑡
70
∴ −4.248495 = −0.186538𝑡
4.248495
∴𝑡= = 22.77 ≈ 23 𝑚𝑖𝑛.
0.186538

Q.4(a): In a circuit containing inductance L, resistance R, and voltage E, the current 𝐼 is

𝑑𝐼
given by 𝐸 = 𝑅𝐼 + 𝐿 𝑑𝑡 , given 𝐿 = 640𝐻, 𝑅 = 250Ω, and 𝐸 = 500𝑣. 𝐼 being zero when 𝑡 =

0. Find the time that elapses, before it reaches 90% of its maximum value.
Solution: Given that 𝑅 = 250𝛺 , 𝐿 = 640𝐻 , 𝐸 = 500𝑉
By Kirchhoff’s law,
𝑑𝑖
𝐿 + 𝑅𝑖 = 𝐸
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑖 𝑅 𝐸
⇒ + 𝑖=
𝑑𝑡 𝐿 𝐿
𝑑𝑖 250 500
⇒ + 𝑖=
𝑑𝑡 640 640
𝑑𝑖
⇒ + 0.390625𝑖 = 0.78125
𝑑𝑡
This is linear differential equation.
Here 𝑃 = 0.390625 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄 = 0.78125
∴ 𝐼. 𝐹. = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑒 ∫ 0.390625 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑒 0.390625𝑡
The general solution is.

𝑖. (𝐼. 𝐹. ) = ∫ 𝑄(𝐼. 𝐹. )𝑑𝑡

25
∴ 𝑖. 𝑒 (64)𝑡 = ∫ 0.78125 𝑒 0.390625𝑡 𝑑𝑡

6
 25 𝑒 0.390625𝑡
∴ 𝑖. 𝑒 (64)𝑡 = 0.78125 +𝑐
0.390625
∴ 𝑖. 𝑒 0.390625𝑡 = 2 𝑒 0.390625𝑡 + 𝑐
Divide throughout by 𝑒 0.390625𝑡 we get,
∴ 𝑖 = 2 + 𝑐𝑒 −0.390625𝑡 … (1)
Initially 𝑖 = 0 when 𝑡 = 0 , equation (1) becomes,
∴ 0 = 2 + 𝑐𝑒 −0
∴0= 2+𝑐
∴ 𝑐 = −2 ... (2)
Put 𝑐 = −2 these value in eq (1)
∴ 𝑖 = 2 + (−2)𝑒 −0.390625𝑡
∴ 𝑖 = 2 − 2𝑒 −0.390625𝑡
∴ 𝑖 = 2(1 − 𝑒 −0.390625𝑡 ) … (3)
Maximum current is obtained when 𝑡 → ∞
∴ 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2(1 − 𝑒 −∞ )
⇒ 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2
Find time when current is 90% of its maximum current.
9 9
⇒ 𝑖 = 90% 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ×2=
10 5
Consider 𝑖 = 2(1 − 𝑒 −0.390625𝑡 )
9
∴ = 2(1 − 𝑒 −0.390625𝑡 )
5
9
∴ = (1 − 𝑒 −0.390625𝑡 )
10
9 1
∴ 𝑒 −0.390625𝑡 = 1 − =
10 10
Taking log on both sides,
1
∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑒 −0.390625𝑡 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( )
10
∴ −0.390625𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 = −𝑙𝑜𝑔10
∴ 0.390625𝑡 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔10
log10
∴𝑡= ≈ 5.89𝑠𝑒𝑐.
0.390625

Q.4(b): A circuit consists of resistance R ohms and a condenser of C farads connected to a

𝑞
constant emf. If 𝐶 is the voltage of the condenser at time t after closing the circuit, show that

7
 𝑡
the voltage at time t is 𝐸 (1 − 𝑒 −𝑅𝐶 ).

Solution: By Kirchhoff’s law,

𝑞
∴ 𝑅𝑖 + = 𝐸
𝐶
𝑑𝑞 𝑞
⇒𝑅 + = 𝐸
𝑑𝑡 𝐶
Divide throughout by 𝑅,we get,
𝑑𝑞 𝑞 𝐸
⇒ + =
𝑑𝑡 𝑅𝐶 𝑅
This is linear differential equation.
1 𝐸
Here 𝑃 = 𝑅𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄 = 𝑅
1 1
∴ 𝐼. 𝐹. = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑒 ∫𝑅𝐶 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑒 (𝑅𝐶)𝑡
The general solution is.

∴ 𝑞. (𝐼. 𝐹. ) = ∫ 𝑄(𝐼. 𝐹. )𝑑𝑡

1 𝐸 1
∴ 𝑞. 𝑒 (𝑅𝐶)𝑡 = ∫ . 𝑒 (𝑅𝐶)𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑅
1
(
1
)𝑡 𝐸 𝑒 (𝑅𝐶)𝑡
∴ 𝑞. 𝑒 𝑅𝐶 = +𝑐
𝑅 1
𝑅𝐶
1 1
∴ 𝑞. 𝑒 (𝑅𝐶)𝑡 = 𝐸𝐶𝑒 (𝑅𝐶)𝑡 + 𝑐
1
Divide throughout by 𝑒 (𝑅𝐶)𝑡 ,
1
∴ 𝑞 = 𝐸𝐶 + 𝑐𝑒 (−𝑅𝐶)𝑡 … (1)
1
(− )0
Initially 𝑞 = 0 when 𝑡 = 0 , equation (1) becomes, 0 = 𝐸𝐶 + 𝑐𝑒 𝑅𝐶

∴ 0 = 𝐸𝐶 + 𝑐 ⇒ 𝑐 = −𝐸𝐶
Put value of 𝑐 = 𝐸𝐶 equation (1),
1
∴ 𝑞 = 𝐸𝐶 − 𝐸𝐶𝑒 (−𝑅𝐶)𝑡
𝑡
∴ 𝑞 = 𝐸𝐶 (1 − 𝑒 −𝑅𝐶 )

𝑞 𝑡
∴ = 𝐸 (1 − 𝑒 −𝑅𝐶 )
𝐶
𝑡
𝑖. 𝑒. 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 𝐸 (1 − 𝑒 −𝑅𝐶 ).

8
9