Number 35

Remember:
distance
Speed = time and
total distance travelled
Average speed =
total time
1 Marianne runs 100 m in 12 seconds. Calculate this speed in:
(a) m/min (c) km/h
(b) m/h

2 Every morning Jeremy jogs to his work 8 km away at a constant speed of

12 km/h. How much time is saved if he cycles one morning at a speed of
20 km/h?
3 A cyclist is able to average 24 km/h for 4 hours.
(a) What is the distance covered in this time?
(b) If the same cyclist wants to cover the same distance in 3 hours, what speed
will he need to average?
c
4 (a) Monica covers any distance in half of the time
it takes Nathan to run the same distance. They
set off from Fin opposite directions round
this unusual equilateral triangular track.
Where will they meet for the first time? The
points B, D, and Fare exactly halfway on
each side of the track.
A-+--~~~~~~-E
M F N

(b) While racing on the above track, Bill covers any distance in one-third of the
time it takes Nathan. If they set off from Fin oposite directions round this
track and run till they meet at one of the points A, B, C, D, E or F, where will
Bill and Nathan meet for the first time? If the side of this track is 50 m, how
far has Bill run when they meet at this point?
5 A train travelling at an average speed of 60 km/h takes 12 hours to complete a
journey. How long would it take to complete the same journey if its average
speed was 75 km/h?
6 If Sylvia types 45 wpm, (words per minute) she can finish her work in 4 hours.
How long will it take her if she types at:
(a) 30 wpm?
(b) 60 wpm?
(c) 45 wpm and she has a friend to help her who types at:
(i) 30 wpm?
(ii) 55 wpm?
36 I Enrichment Maths for Secondary School Students

(iii) 15 wpm (as she is just learning to type), but the friend only starts to
help Sylvia an hour after Sylvia started her work?
7 A car averages 40 km/h for 8 km, 50 km/h for 20 km and 110 km/h for 44 km.
(a) Find the time taken for the total journey.
(b) The average speed for the total journey.
8 Two trains are travelling towards each other on adjacent tracks. The first train is
86 m long and is moving at 120 km/h. The second train is 64 m long and is
moving at 150 km/h. Find the time that elapses from the second that the trains
first meet until they completely pass each other.
9 If a car travels between 2 towns in 4 hours at an average speed of 60 km/h find:
(a) The average speed required for the trip to take 3 hours.
(b) The time taken if the average speed is 7 5 km/h.
(c) The minimum possible (legal) time, if the speed limit is 120 km/h for
t i
of the distance and 50 km/h for of the distance.
10 A family drives 1050 km from Sydney to Brisbane.
(a) If the trip takes 12 hours, what is their average speed?
(b) If their average speed is 80 km/h for the first 2 hours and 90 km/h for the
next 6 hours:
(i) Find their average speed for the last part of the journey, if the trip took
them 13 hours.
(ii) Find the average speed for the entire journey, if for the last part of the
journey, their average speed was 100 km/h.
11 Mr Cornish travels from town A to town B, a distance of 300 km. On his return
journey, due to rain and fog, his speed is reduced by 15 km/h and hence his
journey required an extra 1 hour 40 min. If his average speed for travelling from
town A to town B is s, show that s satisfies the equation s 2 - 15s - 2700 =0.
Show that s =60 is the solution.
12 A and B start from the same place and travel in the same direction, B starting 2
hours after A. If A travels 40 km/h and B travels at 50 km/h, how far will they
have travelled when B overtakes A?
13 An aeroplane flies at 900 km/h for ± of its flight time and averages 750 km/h
for the entire trip. Find the average speed in kilometers per hour over the
remaining part of the journey.
(Hint: Let Tbe the time taken for the entire trip.)
14 A car moves x metres in t seconds, as given by the table. For instance, after 2
seconds the car has moved 10 metres altogether and after 3 seconds it has moved
12 metres altogether.
Using the data in this table, show that:
(a) the average speed in the first four seconds is 4 m/s.
 Number I 37

t x (b) the average speed in the first two seconds is 5 m/s.

(c) the average speed in the fourth second is 4 m/s.
0 0
1 6
2 10
3 12
4 16

rs
1111

I
Puzzles with directed numbers
1 Complete these addition grids.
(a) In this addition grid, -8 + -3 = -11
and-8 + 5 = -3
Now find the missing numbers.
+ -3 5
-7 0
0 6
-8 -11 -3
7
(b)
+ -9
-7 -12
8 11
-13 -8
8 -1
2 Arrange the numbers 1, -1, 3, -3, -5 on the pentagon so that the three numbers
on each side add up to -2.
240 I Enrichment Maths for Secondary School Students

t
(b) c =4 + 3[ ; 0 ] so 16 = 4 + 3[60]
t
12=3[60]
[ ; ] =4 so 4 x 60 :::; t < 5 x 60
0
the person spent at least 4 hours, but could have spent anything almost till 5
hours.

Speed
1 (a) 100 m in 12 seconds.
10 60
~; m in 1 minute= 500 m/min
(b) 500 x 60 = 30 OOO m/h
(c) 30 km/h

2 S = D so 12 = _§_
T T
so T = ; x 60 =40 min
1
20 - ~ t = __§__ x 60 = 24 min
- t 20
He saves 16 minutes.
3 (a) D = S x T = 24 x 4 = 96 km
(b) S = D = 96 + 3 =32 km/h
T
4 (a) While Monica runs from F to B
Nathan runs from F to E
While Monica runs from B to D
Nathan runs from E to D
Therefore they will met in D
(b) While Bill runs from F to C
Nathan runs from F to E
While Bill runs from C to F
Nathan runs from E to D
While Bill runs from F to C
Nathan runs from D to C
Therefore they meet at C and Bill has run
50 + 50 + 50 + 50 + 25 =225 m
5 length of journey = 60 x 12 km
when travelling this distance at 75 km/h
the time taken= 60 x ~; = 9.6 hours= 9 hours and 36 minutes
6 (a) at 45 wpm Sylvia types 10 800 words in 4 hours
so at 30 wpm, she will take (10 800 + 60) + 30 = 6 hours
(b) at 60 wpm, she will take (10 800 + 60) + 60 = 3 hours
 Solutions• Number I 241

(c) (i) the two friends type 75 wpm.

At 75 wpm, they will take (10 800 + 60) + 75 = 2 hours 24 rnin
(ii) the two friends type 100 wpm.
At 100 wpm, they will take (10800 + 60) + 100 = 1 hour 48rnin
(iii) Since the friend only starts to help 1 hour after Sylvia starts to type, she
will have 10 800 - 60 x 45 = 8100 words left.
Now the two friends type at 60 wpm
at 60 wpm, they will take (8100 + 60) + 60 = 2 hours and 15 rnin
7 (a) S = D so T=D
T S
total time = -k + ~ + ~ of an hour = 1 hour
(b) average speed = total distance
total time = 72
km/h

8 When the trains just pass each other, the tips of the front of the trains are 150 m.
apart.
Therefore the total distance travelled is 150 m.
The trains are separating at 270 km/h.
270 x 1000
270 km/h = x metres /sec = 75 rn/sec.
60 60
Time taken for 150 m = 2 sees.

9 (a) S = ~ so D = S x T
D = 60 x 4 = 240 km
if t = 3 then S = 80 km/h
f 2 0
(b) T = = ~ = 3.2 hours= 3 h 12 min
7
(c) D = %x 240 = 160 km at 120 km/h and 80 km at 50 km/h
T = 160 + 80
120 50
= 2.933 h
.
=2 h 56 mm
10 (a) S = ~ = 1050 + 12 = 87.5 km/h
(b) (i) To find the average speed, we need to work out the distance travelled
and the time taken for the first two sections of the journey first.
DT =80 x 2 + 90 x 6 TT =2 + 6
= 700 km = 8 hours
For last part of journey, D = 350 km and T = 5 hours
S = D = 350 + 5 = 70 km/h
T
242 I Enrichment Maths for Secondary School Students

(ii) Last of journey = 350 km with a speed of 100 km/h.

S= D T= 350 + 100= 3.5 h
T
Total time = 2 + 6 + 3.5 = 11.5

Average speed= ~~~f = 91.3 km/h

11 S= D S = 3oo from A to B
T T
and S-15 = 3oo from B to A. Now solving these equations simultaneously,
2
T+l-
3
by eliminating T, we get

300
S- lS = 300 2
-+l-
s 3
180S
=
180+S
:. (S- 15) (180 + S) = 180S
S2 - 15S - 2700 = 0
(S - 60) (S + 45) =0
S = 60 is the only valid solution in this case.
12 Since B starts 2 hours after A, A has travelled 80 km when B starts.
Let the time taken be T hours, so when B overtakes A
SOT= 80 + 40T
lOT= 80 so T= 8 hours
Both A and B travelled 400 km.

13 S = ~ and D = S x T
Let T be the time taken for the entire trip.

7 50 x T = 900 x "t T + %T x S where S is the average speed for

the remaining journey.
3000T = 900T + 3 TS
2100 =3S so S =700 km/h
14 average speed = total dis~ance
total time

(a) average speed=

1
Z
= 4 m/s

1
(b) average speed = ~ = 5 m/s

(c) average speed=

1
~ =12 = 4 m/s