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Regn Ald

The document outlines the evolution of local governance in Tanzania from the pre-colonial period through independence, highlighting the roles of chiefs and the establishment of colonial administration by Germany and Britain. It details the transition from traditional chiefdoms to formal local government structures, the impact of colonial policies, and the eventual revival of local government authorities post-independence. The narrative emphasizes the challenges faced during the decentralization period and the subsequent re-establishment of local governance in the 1980s.

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10 views4 pages

Regn Ald

The document outlines the evolution of local governance in Tanzania from the pre-colonial period through independence, highlighting the roles of chiefs and the establishment of colonial administration by Germany and Britain. It details the transition from traditional chiefdoms to formal local government structures, the impact of colonial policies, and the eventual revival of local government authorities post-independence. The narrative emphasizes the challenges faced during the decentralization period and the subsequent re-establishment of local governance in the 1980s.

Uploaded by

sangusangumichael6
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The Pre-Colonial Period -1884 -1918

Before the colonial era and during the initial period of the colonial era, local
Communities were organized around chiefs in chiefdoms. Councillor elders
who were their close advisors surrounded chiefs and kings . In besides these
advisors, the chiefs and kings had lieutenants who were known as sub-
chiefs. Under the sub-chiefs, there were headmen. In geographical terms,
chiefdoms were more or less equivalent to the current administrative units
known as divisions, sub-Chiefdoms were equivalent to the present day wards
and headmen had a couple of Villages to control. There were no districts or
regions except tribal boundaries.

Also in this era there where no formal local government society, and no
uniform rules that are responsible to regulate the society. The reason’s
behind of this matter where included issue like. A need for self protection,
needs to have body within the society for the purpose of dealing with the
affairs of the society, a needs to have formal leadership from top to
bottom.

The Colonial Period

Tanganyika now Tanzania during this were colonised by two differences


colony that include Germany and British In different time. Thus where done
due to Berlin conference that was conducted in 1884 to 1885 at Berlin.

Germany Era 1885-1917

German were employed direct rule system for colonisation in Tanganyika


and they were use some semi- literate person to assist them in colonial
administration (jumbe , Akida’s and liwali) Those where responsible to
Germany Districts officers Due to clear setup made by them in creation of
Districts and abolished chief domes and establish the position of District
Councillor or officer. Not only this but also they make some discussion I the
creation of town authority and municipal council in the respect of the
imperial order mad by the imperial Councillor.

British Era 1917-1961

After first world war in 1918 Tanganyika had being handled over British
colony or territory. In the first four to six years of their rule, British spent
their time in consolidation of administration and political growth, hence
centralisation was more appropriate to be used in this territory. In 1920
British were create the law as the constitution of Tanganyika for the purpose
of governing the state as (Tanganyika Order and Council of 1920).
The arise of sir Donald Cameroon in 1925, witnessed changes in the system
of administration and adaptation of Indirect rule systems .

In 1926 Tanganyika Legislative Council passed the “Native Authority


Ordinance Cap 72 of 1926 which among other things provided certain
administrative powers for native authority including chiefs. This law
provide the powers and the function of the chief example chief they had
ability to enter into a contact.

In 1928 the colonial administration introduced provincial commissioners.


Both the district commissioners and provincial commissioners were trained
and experienced administrators who were assisted by District Officers.

The outbreak of second world war it lead for a turning point for the future
economy development of Tanganyika. Here more Africans people was
employed to work as a colonial service officer . The rise of Nationalism
imaged and the attitude of colonial governments was changed. Nationalism
us the effect of democracy done by the British.

In1947 the British secretary of the state called Mr A Creech Jones issue
instructions to all British colonies that he want to see democratic and
efficient systems of local government set up i. Each colony.

In1953 there were introduction of New local government Ordinance Cap


333 was passed to replace the Native Authority Ordinance . These new law
provide for autonomous of the council and their representative.

Generally in the British Era act as a mile Stone of local government which
having in this time were formed. The existence of Local government in
Tanzania I’d provided by the British because British is act ad our roll
modes in different system.

AFTER INDEPENDENCE

Under the leadership of Mwl Jurius Kambalage Nyerere who adopted the
rules and system from the British and such adoption act as the means of
development of our country. In these stage there is the three phases or
categories of local government Authorities.

 Those created under Native Authority


 Those created under local government Authority
 Those established under Municipal Authority as provided under
Municipal Ordinance of 1953.
These local government Authorities were established more on political
rather than on economic considerations. Thus in both three local government
is over the local readers who included chiefs.

The concept of local government Authority continued after independence to


1972 to 1982 as called as Decentralisation period. In 1972 the governing
decided to abolish the Traditional local government Authority (district
Authorities ordinance) and 1973 there were abolition of Urban Authority
Ordinance without the consultation of local readers. This process was
performed by the central government. Due to the following some reasons.

 Weak internal administration man power of low calibre.


 Poor financial position of local government Authority
 Lack of proper administrative coordination in the most of
activities done in local levels.

Also the government switched from partnership to direct management of the


development process and provision of social services. A number of
committees were established in the villages, wards, districts and regions, as
vehicles for people's participation and Regions became the primary focus for
rural development planning and implementation.

Generally, the outcome for abolition of local government Authorities was


that:

• The standard of living of the people was falling.


• Social services collapsed due to high operations activities
• School enrollment started to decline and literacy rate increased.

Establishment of new local government Authorities

In 1980 the ruling party, Chama cha mapinduzi (ccm) were forced the
government to revive the local government Authority . Also the
government decided to make a system of administration from the villages
level or at a lowest level . In 1982 April the new law was passed as a
marked of revival of the Local Government Authority (village councils,
township authorities and district councils) as a law governing village area
and urban area.

Also in 1984 the Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania Cap 2 of


1977 were amended with Local Government Act No 15 of 1984 which
introduce chapter eight. So this were force the Local Government Authority
to be in the Constitution of the United Republic Of Tanzania under article
145 (1)and (2) where by Article 145(1) provide for establishment and
145(2) provide fr the decomposition of local government Authorities.

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