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Universal Human Values: Understanding

Harmony

Harmony as a Human Value

Harmony is a fundamental human value characterized by compatibility and accord in
feelings, actions, relationships, opinions, and interests. It represents a state of
balance among various influencing and opposing forces.

Understanding "What to Do"

What to do" is synonymous with "what is important," which, in turn, is
"what is valuable."

The value of any entity lies in its participation within a larger order. For instance, a
pen's value is its ability to write, thereby participating in the broader context
involving paper and human interaction. For human beings, this encompasses
relationships with other humans, plants, air, water, soil, animals, and the entire
natural world. Thus, understanding human values requires studying human reality
alongside the entire nature and existence that constitutes the larger order. Our role is
to comprehend and fulfill our relationships with every unit in existence.

Value Education is the aspect of education focused on understanding one's

participation in the larger order and ensuring harmony in living.

Levels of Living
A living human being exists and interacts at multiple levels:

Individual: Ensuring happiness in oneself and health in the body.

Family: Ensuring feelings of relationships and prosperity.
Society: Participating in social systems for justice, peace, and harmony.
Nature/Existence: Mutual fulfillment with the rest of nature.

Living in Different Spheres

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Living in Myself: Encompasses desires, thoughts, beliefs, imaginations, and

choices, forming our inner world or 'Self,' which coexists with the body to form
a human being.
Living in Family: Our initial web of relationships includes parents, siblings,
friends, classmates, and teachers, constituting our 'family.'
Living in Society: Consists of interdependencies related to food, clothing,
housing, services, health, education, and justice within a larger human system.
Living in Nature/Existence: Our existence on Earth within a vast ecosystem,
including plants, animals, and other humans, extends to our planet's place
within the solar system and the entire existence.

Key Principles of Value

Value of a unit is its participation in the larger order.
Identification of values is based on realization and understanding.
Human values = Value of human being is its participation in the larger order.
The participation of human beings is expressed through behavior and work.

Values in Relationships
Values of behavior are manifested in relationships through:

Trust
Respect
Affection
Care
Guidance
Reverence
Gratitude
Glory
Love

Working with material things involves ensuring their right utilization, enrichment, and
protection, reflecting human values.

Achieving Harmony

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The value of a human being lies in their participation that leads to harmony at
all levels.
In human-human interaction, living in accordance with human values leads to
mutual happiness.
In human-nature interaction, living in accordance with human values leads to
mutual prosperity.

Meaning of Value Education

Value Education is the education that enables us to understand what is
valuable for human happiness. It aims to transform human beings from
animal consciousness to human consciousness.

Need for Value Education

1. Correct identification of our aspirations: Value Education enables us to
understand our needs and visualize our goals correctly, guiding us toward their
fulfillment and resolving confusions and contradictions.
2. Understanding universal human values: Values form the basis for our
thoughts, behaviors, and actions. Understanding the universality of human
values is crucial for establishing a harmonious society.
3. Complementarity of values and skills: Both values and skills are essential for
fulfilling our aspirations, integrating wisdom and practical techniques.
4. Evaluation of our beliefs: Value Education helps us evaluate our beliefs and
assumed values, which may be influenced by external sources.
5. Technology and human values: Science and technology provide the means to
achieve what is valuable, but Value Education is necessary to determine what is
truly valuable, addressing the current imbalance in the education system.

Basic Guidelines for Value Education

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1. Universal: Applicable to all human beings at all times and places, irrespective
of sect, creed, gender, or nationality.
2. Rational: Amenable to reasoning, not based on blind beliefs or dogmas.
3. Natural and Verifiable: Acceptable in a natural manner, leading to fulfillment
and happiness, and verifiable through personal experience and implementation.
4. All Encompassing: Permeates all dimensions of living, including thought,
behavior, work, and understanding/realization, at individual, family, society, and
nature levels.
5. Leading to Harmony: Enables harmony within oneself and with others.

Contents of Value Education

The content should be holistic and all-encompassing, covering all dimensions of a
human being as an individual:

1. Understanding/Realization
2. Thought (e.g., clarity, not confusion)
3. Behavior
4. Work/Participation in larger order

Scope of Value Education

1. Understanding myself, my aspirations, my happiness
2. Understanding the goal of human life
3. Understanding other entities in nature and their interconnectedness
4. Understanding harmony at the four levels of human living
5. Learning to live in accordance with these understandings

Process of Value Education: Self-Exploration

Self-exploration involves:

1. Verification of proposals based on our natural acceptance

2. Experiential validation by living according to it

Natural Acceptance (Svatva)

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Natural acceptance implies unconditional and total acceptance of the self,

people, and the environment.

Characteristics of Natural Acceptance

Does not change with time/age.
Doesn’t depend on place.
Uncorrupted by likes, dislikes, assumptions, or beliefs.
Innate; we don’t need to create it.
Definite: It is for relationship, harmony, and co-existence.

Self-Exploration
Self-exploration is the process of discovering what is valuable to me by
investigating within myself, judging what is right and true for me.

It is a process of discovering something innate, invariant, and universal in all human

beings, resolving confusions by becoming aware of our natural acceptance.

Content of Self-Exploration
1. The Desire/Goal/Aspiration: What do I really want in life?
2. The Program: How to fulfill it?

Purpose of Self-Exploration
1. Dialogue between "what you are" and "what you really want to be."
2. Self-evolution through self-investigation.
3. Knowing oneself and through that, knowing the entire existence.
4. Recognizing one’s relationship with every unit in existence and fulfilling it.
5. Knowing human conduct, human character, and living accordingly.
6. Being in harmony with oneself and in harmony with the entire existence.
7. Identifying our innateness (Svatva) and moving towards Self-Organization
(Swatantrata) and Self-Expression (Swarajya).
Svatva: Knowing your Natural Acceptance & what you want to be.
Swatantratã: Being self-organised: Being in harmony in oneself
Swarãjya: Self-expression, Self-extension: Living in harmony with others

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Process of Self Exploration

1. Whatever is stated is a proposal
2. Don’t start by assuming it to be true or false
3. Verify it on your own right
4. Don’t just accept or reject it based on scriptures, instruments, or others
5. Verify it yourself

Experiential Validation
Live according to the Proposal

Behavior with humans → Leads to mutual happiness

Work with nature → Leads to mutual prosperity

This results in Realization and Understanding.

Assurance, Acceptance Test

Leads to Universality with respect to time, space, individual.
Keep asking again and again: What is my natural acceptance?

The proposals stated are verified based on our natural acceptance and tested in our
living, leading to "realization" and "understanding" within us.

The Answers We Get

Assuring: "I am assured of the answer or understanding in myself"
Satisfying: "I am satisfied that the answers are fulfilling for me."
Universal: "I know or realize that the answers I have got are the same for
everyone."

If the answers do not fulfill these criteria, they likely come from past
beliefs/conditioning, requiring re-verification.

Basic Aspirations of a Human Being

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1. Continuous Happiness
2. Prosperity

Happiness
Happiness may be defined as being in harmony/synergy in the
states/situations that we live in.

It involves feelings like trust, respect, and confidence, creating relaxation and
harmony.

Prosperity
In addition to happiness, we also aspire for adequate fulfillment of our
bodily needs i.e. the need for physical facilities. Having enough physical
facilities gives us a feeling of prosperity.

A prosperous person thinks of right utilization and nurturing others with extra
physical facilities.

Prevailing Notions of Happiness and Prosperity

The unlimited desire for physical facilities has become anti-ecological and anti-
people.

Effects on Human Living

Individual: Depression, psychological disorders, suicides, stress, insecurity,
diseases, loneliness.
Family: Breaking of Joint families, mistrust, conflict between generations,
insecurity in relationships, divorce, dowry tortures, family feuds, wasteful
expenditures.
Society: Terrorism, naxalism, casteism, racial struggles, wars between nations,
genocide, warfare.
Nature: Global Warming, pollution, depletion of resources, deforestation, loss
of soil fertility.

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Requirements to Ensure Happiness and Prosperity

1. Right Understanding: Creates harmony at all four levels of human living.
2. Necessary or Complete Requirement of Physical Facilities
For Animals: Physical Facility is necessary as well as complete
For Human Beings: It is necessary but not complete.

Animal Consciousness vs. Human Consciousness

Working only for Physical Facilities is living with Animal Consciousness.
Working for Relationships then Physical Facilities is of Human Consciousness.

Transformation

From Animal
To Human Consciousness
Consciousness

Physical Facilities
Physical Facilities Necessary But Not Complete, also for
Necessary as well as
the Relationships
Complete
It will be & can be possible if and only if, working will be
Need for a Transformation done with Right Understanding, with Priority Based
Understanding for Relationships

Categories of Understanding

Category Description

SVDD No Understanding about what is required at what time.

Due to understanding that Priority of Physical Facilities is higher than the
SSDD
Priority of Relationships.
Can be achieved only by working for Right Understanding and
SSSS
Relationship

Final Goal of Human Aspiration

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To live in harmony with all four levels:

1. Myself
2. Family
3. Society
4. Nature/Existence

Wealth
Wealth is a physical thing, meaning having money or a lot of physical facilities.

Prosperity vs. Wealth

Feature Prosperity Wealth

A feeling of possessing more Possessing more number of

Definition
than required physical facilities physical things
Accumulation Accumulation of feeling Accumulation of wealth
More and more even if you have
Sufficiency Enough
enough
What it gives Satisfaction Dissatisfaction
Way to go Being against natural, others and in
Being Mutual, Being in harmony
about disharmony
What is Right understanding of the needs In lack of right understanding of
required and physical facilities the needs and physical facilities

Following are the possibilities:

A person may not possess required physical facilities, so he may not feel
prosperous.
A person may accumulate more and more wealth but still he may be deprived
of the feeling of prosperity.
A person may have required wealth and feel prosperous.

Harmony in the Human Being

Basic Human Aspiration

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Continuous Happiness and Prosperity

Program for Fulfilment of Human Aspiration

Understanding Harmony and Living in Harmony at all Levels

Process of Understanding: Self Exploration

Who am I? What is my purpose?

Whatever is stated is a Proposal Experiential Validation

Verify it on your own right Live according to it
Behavior with Human Being and Work with
Verify it on the basis of your
Rest of Nature
Natural Acceptance Mutual Happiness and Mutual Prosperity
= RIGHT UNDERSTANDING and Co-
existence

Co-existence
Human Being ⇄ Self(I) ⇄ Body

Needs

Aspect Self(I) Body

Needs are Happiness Physical Facilities

(sukha) (suvidha)
In Time, needs are Continuous Temporary
In Quantity, needs are Qualitative Quantitative
Activity Desiring, Thinking, etc Breathing, heart-beat, etc
What it implies Knowing, Assuming, Recognizing, Recognizing, Fulfilling
Fulfilling
It is of type Conscious (non-material) Physico-Chemical (material)
Needs are fulfilled by Right feelings Right understanding

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Human being is the co-existence of the Self, a consciousness unit and the Body,
a material unit.
The needs of the Self and the Body are of two different types
The need of the Self is happiness, and this need is continuous and qualitative.
The need of the Body is physical facility and this need is temporary and
quantitative.
The needs of self are fulfilled by the activities of consciousness only and
through the activities of the Self like desire, thought, expectation, etc. are
continuous in time which should be done on the basis of right understanding
and right feelings.
The needs of body are fulfilled by activities of the Body like eating, walking, etc.
are temporary in time.
The response of the Body is definite, and in terms of recognizing and fulfilling.
The response of the Self is definite and humane if it is in terms of knowing,
assuming, recognizing and fulfilling.

Introduction to the Self and Body

The human being is a co-existence of Self (consciousness) and Body (material). The
Self is central to human existence, and the Body is used as an instrument.

Relationship between Self and Body

The nurturing, protection, and right utilization of the Body is the responsibility of the
Self. Physical Facility is required to fulfill that responsibility towards the Body.

The Self is the seer, doer, and enjoyer – it is central to human existence.
The Body is an instrument of the Self. The transaction between Self and
Body is only in the form of information.

Powers of the Self

The Self has certain powers, including:

Desire (Ichchha): a strong feeling that impels to the attainment or possession of

something
Thought (Vichara / Vichar): the process of thinking or reasoning
Expectation (Asa / Asha): a feeling or belief about something that will happen
in the future

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Activities of the Self

The Self has certain activities, including:

Imaging (Chitrana / Chitran): the process of creating mental images

Analyzing (Vishleshana): the process of breaking down complex information
into smaller parts
Selecting / Tasting (Chayana / Asvadana): the process of choosing or
experiencing something

Imagination
Imagination is the sum total of our Desires, Thoughts, and Expectations. It can be
influenced by:

Preconditioning: the process of accepting certain beliefs or notions without

self-verification
Sensation: the feeling resulting from something that comes into contact with
the Body
Natural Acceptance: the inner voice or conscience that guides our thoughts and
actions

Sources of Imagination
Source Description

Preconditioning Accepting certain beliefs or notions without self-verification

Feeling resulting from something that comes into contact with
Sensation
the Body
Natural
Inner voice or conscience that guides our thoughts and actions
Acceptance

Self-Regulation
Self-Regulation is the feeling of responsibility towards the Body. It involves:

Nurturing the Body: providing proper food, air, water, etc.

Protecting the Body: ensuring proper interaction with the environment
Right Utilization of the Body: using the Body for right behavior and work

Health

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Health is the condition of the Body where every part is properly performing its
expected function. It leads to harmony within the Body and makes it a useful
instrument for the Self.

Table of Self-Regulation and Health

Aspect Description

Self-
Feeling of responsibility towards the Body
Regulation
Condition of the Body where every part is properly performing its
Health
expected function
Harmony State of balance and coordination between the Self and Body

Conclusion
The Self and Body are in harmony when there is a feeling of Self-Regulation in the
Self and Health in the Body. This leads to a state of continuous happiness and
prosperity.## Harmony in the Family

The Family as a Basic Unit

The family is considered the basic unit of human organization.
The primary issue within a family is relationship fulfillment.
Understanding relationships is essential for living harmoniously and achieving
fulfillment within them.
Without this understanding, relationships can suffer, leading to issues like
communication breakdown, opposition, or even divorce.

Four Aspects to Understanding Relationships

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1. Relationship Defined:
A relationship exists between one self (I₁) and another self (I₂).
In families, relationships are pre-existing; we are embedded in them.
The key is to recognize and understand these inherent relationships.
2. Feelings in Relationship:
Feelings arise in one's self (I₁) for another self (I₂).
The Self (I) is what connects people in a relationship; the body is merely a
means of expression.
Example: The connection between a mother and child is felt by their
Selves, not their bodies.
3. Recognition of Feelings:
Feelings in a relationship, such as Trust, Respect, Affection, Care,
Guidance, Reverence, Glory, Gratitude, and Love, can be clearly
identified.
These feelings are definite values that characterize any relationship.
4. Fulfillment and Evaluation:
Recognizing essential values in a relationship leads to actions that align
with these feelings.
Evaluating one's own and others' feelings in the relationship is crucial.
Living by these values results in mutual fulfillment and happiness in all
relationships.

Feelings (Values) in Relationships

Trust (Visvasa)
Trust in a relationship is defined as the assurance that each human being
inherently wants oneself and the other to be happy and prosperous. It is
considered the foundational value in a relationship.

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Two aspects of trust:

Intention: Wanting to do good, which is our natural acceptance.
Competence: Being capable of fulfilling the intention.
Every human being intends to do what is right, but competence may be lacking
and needs development.
Trust in intention allows us to feel related to others and form a basis for mutual
development.
We often judge ourselves based on intention but judge others based on
competence.

Intention vs. Competence

Anger arises when we fail to differentiate between intention and competence.
Doubting someone's competence can lead to questioning their intention.
Doubt can cause opposition instead of connection.
Small unfavorable incidents can lead to irritation or anger, especially when
desires are unfulfilled and attributed to others.
Understanding that others, like ourselves, have the intention to be happy and
make others happy can prevent anger.
Re-examine expectations and actions if the other lacks competence:
Is the expectation right?
Is the program to fulfill the desire correct?
Have I developed the necessary competence?
What effort have I made to help the other improve their competence?
Understanding reinforces fulfillment and resolves concerns.

Respect (Sammãna)
Respect means right evaluation – to be evaluated as I am. The sense of
individuality is the prime object towards respect.

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Realizing our individuality allows us to differentiate ourselves from others.

Evaluating a human being based on Self allows us to see:
Same Purpose: The natural acceptance to live with continuous happiness
and prosperity.
Same Program: Understanding harmony and living in harmony at all
levels.
Same Potential: Endowed with natural acceptance and continuous
activities of desire, thought, and expectation.

Mistakes in Evaluation

Over Evaluation (adhi-mülyana): Evaluating more than what it is.

Under Evaluation (ava-mülyana): Evaluating less than what it is.
Otherwise Evaluation (a-mülyana): Evaluating otherwise than what it is.
Self-
Evaluation Type Other's Perception Conduct Outcome
Perception

The other is my
Self- Definite
Right Evaluation reference (self Harmony
confidence Conduct
organized)
The other is my
Indefinite
Over Evaluation Ego reference Tension
Conduct
(enslaved)
The other is my Frustration,
Under/Otherwise Indefinite
Depression reference Suicide,
Evaluation Conduct
(enslaved) Disharmony within

Present Scenario: Differentiation in the Name of Respect

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Body:
Sex/Gender: Differentiating based on male or female, ignoring that it's an
attribute of the body, not the Self.
Race: Differentiating based on skin color or race, not on the basis of 'I'.
Age: Prioritizing respect for elders, evaluating at the level of the body.
Physical Strength: Treating stronger individuals differently, often out of
fear rather than respect.
Physical Facilities:
Wealth: Idolizing "rich" individuals without assessing their prosperity.
Post: Over-evaluating a person's position or title, assuming it reflects their
excellence.
Beliefs:
'Isms': Differentiating based on thought-systems like capitalism, socialism,
communism, etc.
Sects: Respecting only those with similar religious or traditional beliefs.

Problems Faced Due To Differentiation (Disrespect) in

Relationships
Differentiation based on sex/gender: Issues of women's rights, inequality.
Differentiation based on race: Racial discrimination, attacks, and movements for
equality.
Differentiation based on age: Generation gap, unequal rights for children and
the elderly.
Differentiation based on wealth: Class struggle, lack of self-esteem, and
suicide.
Differentiation based on post: Protests against authority, depression.
Differentiation based on 'isms': Turmoil, terrorism, and war.
Differentiation based on sects: Religious discrimination, demands for special
provisions.

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Respect (Right
Feature Differentiation (Disrespect)
Evaluation)

Follows Right Follows Over, Under, or Otherwise

Evaluation
Evaluation Evaluation
Feeling Comfortable Uncomfortable
Acceptance Naturally Acceptable Unacceptable
Effect on
Acts as a Bridge Causes Problems
Relationships

Affection (Sneha)
Affection is the feeling of being related to the other. Affection comes
when I recognize that we both want to make each other happy and both
of us are similar.

Comes when Trust and Respect are already ensured.

Without Trust and Respect, the other is seen as an opponent.
In families, people may live together for years without feeling related due to
missing Trust and Respect.
Lack of trust in intention leads to blaming others and inability to improve
competence.
Competition results from lack of affection.
With affection, we help others grow.

Care (Mamatã)
The feeling of Care is the feeling to nurture and protect the body of our
relative.

Based on the understanding that a human being is a co-existence of the Self

(‘I’) and the Body, with the Body being an instrument of ‘I.’
Responsibility to nurture and protect the body of our relative.

Guidance (Vãtsalya)
The feeling of ensuring right understanding and feelings in the other (my
relative) is called Guidance.

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Understanding the need of our Self (‘I’) for right understanding and feelings.
Recognizing that the other is similar to me in their natural acceptance, desire for
continuous happiness, and program of living in harmony.
Responsibility to help the other based on this understanding.

Reverence (Shraddhã)
The feeling of acceptance of excellence in the other is called reverence.

Aspiring for continuous happiness requires understanding and living in harmony

at all levels.
Having reverence for those who have achieved this excellence.

Glory (Gaurava)
Glory is the feeling for someone who has made efforts for Excellence.

Recognizing those who invest time, energy, and belongings to achieve

excellence.
Feeling glory for them.

Gratitude (Kritagyatã)
Gratitude is the feeling of acceptance for those who have made effort for
my excellence.

Being helped and guided by others that have the right understanding.
Recognizing this feeling within ourselves.
Gratitude coming from right understanding is permanent, unlike gratitude for
physical assistance.

Love (Prema)
The feeling of being related to all is love. This feeling or value is also
called the complete value (Pürna mülya), since this is the feeling of
relatedness to all human beings.

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Starts with identifying relatedness to one human being (Affection) and expands
to all.
Leads to an Undivided Society, starting from a family and expanding to the
world family.
Every human being has natural acceptance for relatedness up to the world
family in the form of love.
Begins with trust, leading to affection and ultimately love.
Lays down the basis of an Undivided Society.

With Preconditioning vs Without Preconditioning

With Preconditioning: "I am special, unique, different from the other" - Leads to
differentiation
Without Preconditioning:
1. Purpose: Both want continuous happiness & prosperity - Our purpose is
same.
2. Program: Both aim to understand and live in harmony at all levels - Our
program is same.
3. Potential: Continuous Desire, Thought & Expectation; Endowed with
Natural Acceptance - Our potential is same.

Harmony in the Family: Understanding Relationship

Acceptance of Relationship (unconditional, continuous)
Role of Understanding
Right Feeling
Happiness in Me
Sharing the Feeling with Other (through Body, as and when required)
Recognition/Evaluation of Feeling
Mutual Happiness in Other
Mutual Happiness
Harmony in the Family

Comprehensive Human Goal

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1. Right Understanding: Necessary for all human beings; without it, disharmony
arises.
2. Prosperity: Needed in every family; the ability to identify and produce/achieve
more than requirements.
3. Trust in Society: Every member feels related to everyone else, leading to
fearlessness.
4. Co-existence in Nature: Relationship and complementarity among all entities
in nature, including humans.

Programs Needed to Achieve the Comprehensive Human Goal

(The Five Dimensions of Human Endeavor or Five Dimensions
of Universal Human Order):
Visualize how the following five salient dimensions of human endeavor are to
be shaped and implemented in society.
Develop appropriate systems and programs to cater to the above goal in order
to ensure human welfare.

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1. Education – Right Living (Siksha – Sanskar):

Education = To understand Harmony at all four levels of living

Right Living = Commitment and Preparedness to live in harmony at all
four levels of living
leads to Right Understanding, Right Feelings and an all-encompassing
solution called Samadhana.
Goal and objective of education.

2. Health – Self regulation (Svãsthya - Sanyama):

Health = Harmony among the parts of the body and having a fit body
which acts according to the needs of the Self “I”
Self-Regulation = A feeling of responsibility for nurturing, protecting and
rightly utilizing the body.
Self-regulation is the basis of Health.
leads to Prosperity

3. Justice-Preservation (Nyãya-Surakshã):

Justice = ‘Human-Human relation’ – its recognition, fulfilment, right

evaluation= mutual Happiness
Preservation = ‘Human – Rest of nature’ relation - its recognition,
fulfilment, right evaluation= Enrichment, Protection, Right Utilization of
nature.= mutual Prosperity
leads to Fearlessness and Co-existence

*Preservation involves ensuring the following three aspects:

1. Enrichment
2. Protection
3. Right Utilization

4. Production-Work (Utpãdana-Kãrya):

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Work – Labour that human does on the rest of nature.

Production - Things obtained out of work
leads to Prosperity and Co-existence
What to produce
How to produce
The systems are cyclic and not open ended
The systems are mutually fulfilling and mutually enriching

5. Exchange-Storage (Vinimaya-Kosa)

Exchange = Exchanging of produce for mutual fulfilment and not for

madness of profit
Storage = Storing of produce after the fulfillment of needs with a view of
right utilization in future and not for hoarding.
leads to Prosperity and Fearlessness

Undivided Society (Akhanda Samãja) and Universal Human

Order (Sãrvabhauma Vyavasthã)
Undivided Society: Feeling related to every human being.

Universal Human Order: Feeling related to every unit, ensuring mutual

fulfillment.

Organization from family to world family, anchored in right understanding:

Family => family cluster => village / community => village cluster => => =>
world family

Svatva, Swatantrata, Swarajya

Svatva: Innateness of self – the natural acceptance of harmony.

Swatantrata: Being self-organized – being in harmony with oneself.

Swarajya: Self-expression, self-extension – living in harmony with others.

Exploring our svatva helps in getting rid of our preconceived notions, our
dilemmas, contradictions and compulsions, either external or internal.

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The Basis of Undivided Society

The feelings of being related to every human being lead to participation in an
undivided society.
Family is a laboratory for understanding and relationship.
Understanding values in human relationships allows recognizing
connectedness and fulfilling it.

Laying the Foundation for an Undivided

Society
This involves moving from family to world family, and visualizing a universal
harmonious order in society where people coexist peacefully, regardless of
background or beliefs. This can be achieved through:

Mutual respect: Valuing each person’s unique perspective and treating them
with dignity.
Open-mindedness: Seeing beyond personal biases to understand others'
views.
Empathy: Understanding and sharing the feelings of others to resolve conflicts
peacefully.
Inclusiveness: Creating a society where everyone is valued and included.
Cooperation: Working together towards a common goal, setting aside
individual interests.
Communication: Promoting open and honest dialogue, actively listening to
each other.

Theories for a Universal Harmonious Order

Several theories attempt to explain how this order can be visualized and achieved:

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Social Contract Theory: Individuals give up some freedom for the protection
and benefits provided by the state, creating a shared understanding of rights
and responsibilities.
Utilitarianism: Actions should be evaluated based on their ability to produce
the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
Libertarianism: Emphasizes individual liberty and limited government
intervention.
Communitarianism: Emphasizes the importance of community and the common
good, with individuals having obligations to each other.

Universal Human Order Through Justice

Achieving harmony from family order to world family order is achieved through
justice:

Justice is the recognition of values in relationship, their fulfilment, the right

evaluation resulting in mutual happiness.

Justice ensures the proper ordering of things and people within a society. It involves:

1. Recognition of values
2. Fulfillment
3. Evaluation
4. Mutual happiness

When all four are ensured, justice is ensured. Mutual fulfillment is the hallmark of
justice and is essential in all relationships, starting from the family and expanding to
the world family.

If understanding of justice is ensured in the family, there will be justice in interactions

in the world. Without understanding values in relationships, people are governed by
prejudices based on:

Body (caste, sex, race, tribe)

Wealth
Belief systems

This leads to injustice and a fragmented society, contrary to the natural acceptance of
an undivided society and universal human order.

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Resolution and Harmony

Resolution involves the mix-up of right feeling and right thought, or the clarity of
right understanding.

Right Understanding & Wisdom: Identification of human goal in the Self (I)
Science: How to fulfil human goal in the Self (I)
Behavior, Work, Participation: Functioning as a human being (Self (I) and
Body)
Undivided Human Society, Universal Human Order, Human Tradition:
External manifestations

Right understanding is essentially seeing the essence of the reality as it is,

i.e., seeing the part that is definite, universal and continuous.

Harmony in Nature

The Four Orders in Nature

1. Material/Physical Order (padãrtha avasthã*): Soil, water, air, etc.
2. Plant/Bio Order (prãn.a avasthã*): Grass, plants, trees, flowers, fruits, etc.
3. Animal Order (jïva avasthã*): Animals and Birds.
4. Human (Knowledge) Order (gyãnaavasthã*): Human Beings.
Order Examples

Material Continents, oceans, mountains, rivers, atmosphere, metals, minerals,

Order stars, planets, moons
Plant/Bio
Grass, shrubs, plants, trees, forests, flora in the ocean
Order
Animal Order Animals and birds
Human Order Humans

The material order is the largest, followed by the plant/bio order, animal order, and
finally the human order, which is the smallest.

Interconnectedness and Mutual Fulfillment Between the

Four Orders

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Material Order and Plant/Bio-Order: The material order provides nutrients to

the plant/bio-order. The plant/bio-order enriches the soil and produces oil and
coal, protecting against heat.
Material, Plant/Bio, and Animal Orders: The material order supports animal
movement. Plants and animals require water and gases. Animals enrich the soil
with excreta and eat from the plant/bio order. Animals aid in pollination.
Material, Plant, Animal, and Human Orders: The three orders fulfill the needs
of human beings, but humans have not learned to live in mutual fulfillment with
these orders.

Currently, humans are disrupting the balance among the orders, leading to
environmental issues.

The Way Out

Coexisting with all the other orders in nature through mutual fulfillment and harmony
is important for our happiness.

Recyclability and Self-Regulation

Nature exhibits cyclical processes (e.g., water cycle) and self-regulation.
In a forest, tree growth preserves the quantity of soil, plants, and animals.
Plant and animal breeds are self-regulated in their environments.
The oxygen, nitrogen, water, and carbon cycles maintain harmony among
diverse elements of nature.

Categories of Units of Nature in Co-existence in Space

Unit (Vastu): Each order is composed of units, which are finite and bounded.
Space (Shunya): Space is infinite, without size, and maintains regularity.

Existence is nothing but nature in space. Existence = Space + Units (in

space) Existence = Nature submerged in space

Co-existence: Based on mutual respect for diversity, equal access to resources,

peace, social cohesion, justice, equality, mutual tolerance, and nonviolent living.

Existence = Co-existence = Units submerged in space

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Feature Units (Nature) Space (All-pervading)

Size Limited Unlimited

Activity Active No-activity
Organization Self-organized Self-organization is available
Energy Energized Constant energy
Relationship Recognizes and fulfills Reflecting, Transparent
Type Material (Jada)
Conscious (Chaitanya)
Duration Temporary (gathanSila) Continuous (gathanpurna)
Basic Activity Recognizing, Fulfilling Knowing, Assuming, Recognizing
Fulfilling

Things (Vastu):
Material Order – Padartha / Vastu avastha: Includes soil, metals, compounds,
liquids, gases (on earth), and stars, planets, moons (beyond earth).
Plant/ Bio Order – Prana avastha: Includes all flora.
Animal Order – Jiva order: Includes all animals, birds, and insects (Body+I).
Human / Knowledge order – Gyana avastha: Includes all human beings (Body
+ I).

Activity (Kriya):
Material order involves only Composition and Decomposition.
Plant order involves Composition, Decomposition, and Respiration in the body.
Animal order involves Composition, Decomposition, Respiration in the body,
and Selection in “I”.
Human order involves Composition, Decomposition, Respiration in the Body,
and Selection, Thought, and Desire in “I”, along with the need for Realization
and Understanding.

Innateness (Dharana):

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Material order: Existence.

Plant order: Existence + Growth.
Animal order: Existence + Growth in Body + Will to live in “I”.
Human order: Existence + Growth in Body + Will to live with happiness in “I”.

Natural Characteristic (Svabhava):

Material order: Composition and Decomposition.
Plant order: Composition/Decomposition and Nurture/Worsen in the Body.
Animal order: Composition/Decomposition and Nurture/Worsen in Body + Non-
cruelty/Cruelty in “I”.
Human order: Composition/Decomposition and Nurture/Worsen in Body +
Perseverance, Bravery, Generosity in “I”.

Basic Activity (Kriya):

Material and Plant orders: Recognizing and fulfillment.
Animal and Human orders: Recognizing, Fulfillment in body + Assuming,
Recognizing, Fulfillment in “I”.
Human order also includes Knowing in “I”.

Conformance (Anu-sangita):
Material order: Constitution Conformance.
Plant order: Seed Conformance.
Animal order: Breed Conformance.
Human order: Right Values Conformance.

Material Units
Only recognizing and fulfilling
Everything in the material order and plant/bio order
Temporary in nature, undergo structural changes

Conscious or Chaitanya Units

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Knowing, assuming, recognizing & fulfillment

Continuous, qualitative change

Conscious or chaitanya units: Have the activities of knowing,

assuming, recognizing & fulfilment. Currently, assuming,recognizing
and fulfilment are predominant in humans. We have the capacity to
know, and we explored this via our natural acceptance. ‘Knowing’
means having the ‘right understanding’, understanding the harmony
at all four levels of our being.

Material Units: From Atoms to the Human Body

The basis for all material things - from soil, metal, rocks, liquids, gases to the
basic cells and all the way to animal and human bodies
Undergo changes through physical and physico-chemical processes.
Atom combines with another atom to form molecular structure, can exist as
lumps (pinda) or fluids (rasa).
Fluids are the basis of a plant cell (pranic order) and such cells combine to form
plants, the animal body and the human body.
All these processes are taking place in a self-organized, natural manner.

Conscious (Sentient) Units: The Animal Order and the

Human Order
Also known as units as the Self or (‘I’)
Animal Order = ‘I’ + Animal Body
Humans or Human Order = ‘I’ + Human Body

‘I’ of Animals Vs Humans:

Animals: The “I” is confined only to the Selection/taste process, Will to live and
Characteristics such as cruelty/non-cruelty.
Humans: Activities include Desiring / Thinking / Selecting / Tasting leading to
Understanding and Realization. Possess the Will to live but the will to live in
happiness and possess characteristics of Bravery, Perseverance and Generosity.

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Existence (as) is Co-existence of mutually interacting units in all pervasive

space

Every unit is submerged in space (Harmony in Existence)

Every unit is related and mutually fulfilling to every other unit (Harmony in
Nature)
Human being is related and wants to be mutually fulfilling to every other unit
(Harmony in Society)
‘I’ is related and wants to be mutually fulfilling to every ‘I’ (Harmony in family)
‘I’ is related and wants to be mutually fulfilling to Body (Harmony with Body)
Different activities in ‘I’ are also interrelated and active to be in harmony
(Harmony in ‘I’)
Understanding the self (‘I’), the activities in ‘I’, and their interrelation,
understanding the reality of ‘I’ as being distinct from the body is called
knowledge of Self (‘I’) or Jïvana
Understanding the harmony at all the levels above means we have understood
existence. This is called knowledge of Existence or we also call it astitva
darshana gyãna.
Having understood ‘I’ (jïvana) and the entire existence, we understand our
relationship with every unit in existence and fulfil it, leading to mutual
happiness and prosperity. This is called knowledge of human(e) conduct, also
called mãnavïyatã purna acharana gyãna
The knowledge of these three put together is called right understanding:
understanding of existence, understanding of the Self, and understanding
human(e) conduct. This is the same as understanding the harmony at all four
levels of our existence.

Current Scenario
Trying to grow in the material order and somehow trying to stop growth on the
plant order.
Ignoring the needs of the Self (‘I’) and mainly focusing on physical facilities.

Accumulation in the material order cannot be a substitute for the needs of

knowledge/understanding and relationship in ‘I’. Work on the material
order needs to be done in the light of understanding in ‘I’ and the needs of
‘I’

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Holistic Perception of Harmony

Holistic perception of harmony at all levels of existence refers to the understanding
that all things in the universe are interconnected and interdependent, and that
harmony exists at all levels of existence from the individual to the collective, from the
physical to the spiritual. This perception of harmony is rooted in the belief that all
things are part of a larger, interconnected whole and that each individual part
contributes to the overall harmony of the universe.

Holistic Harmony
A holistic perception of harmony understands that each person has a unique role and
that actions have consequences. This encourages acting in ways that promote
internal and external harmony.

Collective Level: Harmony recognizes the interconnectedness of communities

and nations, encouraging collaboration towards shared goals.
Physical World: Recognizes the interconnectedness of living and non-living
things, promoting respect for nature, sustainable resource use, and
preservation.
Spiritual Level: Recognizes the interconnection of spiritual and material realms,
encouraging respect for spiritual beliefs and inner peace.

Key Characteristics of Holistic Harmony

Interconnectedness: Every part contributes to the overall harmony.
Unity in Diversity: Acknowledges different beliefs and communities as part of a
whole.
Responsiveness: Promotes acting mindfully.
Cooperation: Encourages collaboration towards shared harmony.
Respect for Nature: Sustainable resource use.
Spiritual Awareness: Recognizing spiritual aspects and respecting beliefs.
Holistic View: Framework for understanding the universe's interconnectedness.

Values in Human Living

Value is the participation of human beings at different levels in a larger order. It
begins with the Self ('I') and manifests as behavior and work.

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Values of Behavior: The nine values in relationships: trust, respect, affection,

care, guidance, reverence, gratitude, glory, and love.

Working with Material Things:

Utility-Value (U payogitaM ulya): Role of physical facility in nurture,

protection, and providing means for the body. Example: A shirt or pen.
Artistic Value (KalaM ulya): Role of physical facility to help and preserve
its utility. Example: Convenient and attractive design.

Universal Values
These values naturally emerge from the right understanding, where:

There is an innate harmony and orderliness in existence.

The quest for happiness and prosperity is the search for this harmony.
Universal human values designate harmony at various levels of human
participation.

These values are:

Manifestations of the truth of existence (harmony, co-existence).

Acceptable to all and conducive to happiness.
Cannot be enforced through fear, greed, or blind faith.
Hindered by ignorance and wrong pre-conditioning.
Realized through continuous self-observation and self-exploration.

Ethical Human Conduct

Values: Desirable qualities in a person.
Morals: Knowing right from wrong through observation/experience.
Moral Values: Values that give protection and respect. Example: Courage,
commitment.

Ethics: Moral values in action, doing the right thing even when risky or
painful.

Ethical Human Conduct: Behavior that is self-satisfying, people-friendly, eco-

friendly, and universal. Examples: Honesty, loyalty, fairness.

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Good Professional: Ethical Human Conduct + Professional Skills.

Professional Ethics: Rules governing behavior in a particular situation.
Example: Ethics for doctors in gender testing.

Definitiveness of Ethical Human Conduct

Ethical conduct is in line with moral principles, promoting the well-being of
individuals and society. Its definitiveness is influenced by cultural, social, and
philosophical beliefs. It is a combined representation of:

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1. Values (M ulya): Witnessed in relationships and understanding of nature's

orders.

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Values in Self (J ivanM ulya):

Happiness (Sukha): Definiteness of expectation based on thought.

Peace (Shanti): Definiteness of thought based on desire.
Satisfaction (Santosh): Definiteness of desire based on
understanding.
Bliss (Ananda): Understanding based on realization.

Participation in Larger Order (M anavM ulya):

Perseverance (Dhirata): Participating in the system after

understanding it.
Bravery (V eerta): Helping others understand and participate.
Generosity (U darta): Using mind, body, and wealth in the system.
Kindness (Daya): Giving opportunity to those with ability.
Beneficence (Kripa): Giving ability to those with opportunity.
Compassion (Karuna): Providing both ability and thing.

Values in Human Relationships (SambandhM ulya):

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Trust (V iswasa): Assurance of wanting happiness and prosperity for

oneself and others.
Respect (Sammana): Accepting others for who they are.
Affection (Sneha): Feeling related to others.
Care (M amata): Nurturing and protecting the body of relatives.
Guidance (V atsalya): Ensuring right understanding in others.
Reverence (Shraddha): Accepting excellence in others.
Glory (Gaurava): Feeling for those who have made efforts for
excellence.
Gratitude (Kritagyata): Acceptance for those who have made
efforts for one's excellence.
Love (P rema): Feeling related to all.
Complimentariness (Soujanyata): Expression of trust in terms of
cooperation.
Compliance (Souhardra): Expression of respect and feeling of
mutual development.
Commitment (N ista): Expression of affection and feeling of care &
guidance.
Generosity (U darata): Feelings of being kind, attentive, and honest.
Spontaneity (Sahajata): Acting naturally without constraint.
Obedience (P ujyata): Yielding to authority even when you think you
have a better way.
Ease (Saralata): Accepting a person into a relationship upon rightly
understanding their effort for excellence.
Self-restraint (Saumyata): Ex: Refraining from cheating.
Unanimity (Ananyata): Complete agreement towards a decision.

Values with Nature (V astuM ulya):

Utility Value (U pyogitaM ulya): Preparing objects for nourishment

and protection.
Artistic Value (KalaM ulya): Ensuring the object's long-lasting
utility.

2. Policy (N eethi): Developing ethical sense in pursuits, nurturing harmony.

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Manifestation of right understanding, deciding on enrichment, protection,

and right utilization of:

Mana (mind)
Tana (body)
Dhana (wealth)

Three parts:

Economic Value (ArthaN iti): Enrichment of self, body, and wealth.

Political Value (RajyaN iti): Protection of self, body, and wealth.
Policy for Universal Human Order (DhannaN iti): Right utilization of
self, body, and wealth.

3. Character (Charitra): Determined by values, perceptions, imagination, and

experiences.

Characteristics:
1. Trustworthy relationships
2. Rightful wealth acquisition
3. Compassionate behavior and work

Ethics is determined by values, policies, and character. Ethical conduct should be

naturally acceptable, in line with right understanding, leading to mutual fulfillment
and enrichment. It should be self-satisfying, people-friendly, eco-friendly, and
universal.

Basic Human Values (Schwartz)

Schwartz identified 10 core values found globally:

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Value Motivational Goal

Self-Direction Independent thought and action

Stimulation Excitement, novelty, challenge
Hedonism Pleasure and gratification
Achievement Personal success through competence
Power Social status, control
Security Safety, harmony, stability
Conformity Restraint of actions that upset others
Tradition Respect for customs and ideas
Benevolence Preserving the welfare of those in frequent contact
Universalism Tolerance and protection for the welfare of all people and for nature

Sustainability and Resources

Triple Bottom Line (TBL)

Companies should work simultaneously on:

1. Profit: Ethical income in fair manners.

Ensuring fair share of local, state, or federal income taxes.

Fostering economic wealth within its community.
Committing to financially investing in the community.

2. People: Every individual in touch with a company.

Ensuring fair wages in a safe environment for employees.

Using a diverse set of suppliers.
Ensuring customers have fair access to products.

3. Planet: Reporting on environmental impacts.

Reporting on positive changes that reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Holistic: A belief that all parts are interconnected to form a whole.

Humanistic Ideals

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Humanistic Education, Constitution, and Universal Order

They are based on the belief that individuals have a capacity for self-expression and
self-realization, supported by society.

Humanistic Education: Inculcating right understanding at all levels and

developing competence to live accordingly. Integrates values and skills.
Humanistic Constitution: Provides guidelines for an un-fragmented human
society and universal human order.
Humanistic Universal Order: All individuals are connected, sharing
responsibility to care for one another.

Humanistic Education
Inculcates right understanding at all levels (from self to entire existence) and
develops the competence to live in accordance with it. Evaluate all endeavors in the
light of right understanding. Incorporates appropriate integration of values and skills
so that human beings are able to understand their physical needs correctly and adopt
suitable techniques and production systems to cater to these needs in an eco-friendly
and people-friendly manner.

Humanistic Constitution
Provides the basis for a humanistic constitution which is essential to provide clear
guidelines and policy framework conducive to the development of an un-fragmented
human society and a universal human order.

Universal Human Order

It ensures Humanistic education for the next generation. That is how the whole
tradition would look like if it has to be a humanistic tradition.

Dynamics of Universal Human Order

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Element Description

The entry point. Responsible for bringing about the

Humanistic Education
transformation.
Human Conduct Develops from humanistic education.
Human Constitution A framework for harmonious living.
Universal Human
Ensured by humanistic education for the next generation.
Order

Need for Humanistic Education, Constitutions and a

Universal Order
1. Promoting Individual Well-being: By promoting individual well-being, these
approaches help to create a world in which individuals can thrive and live
fulfilling and meaningful lives.
2. Protecting Human Rights: Ensuring that the rights of all individuals are
respected, these approaches help to create a world in which individuals can live
with dignity and security.
3. Fostering Critical Thinking and Creativity: Helping to create a world in which
individuals are equipped to navigate complex challenges and to find innovative
solutions to the problems they face.
4. Building a More Just and Sustainable World: This approach helps to create a
world in which all individuals can thrive and live fulfilling and meaningful lives.

Establishing a Humanistic Approach

1. Developing a shared understanding of humanistic values and principles
2. Establishing goals and objectives
3. Designing systems and structures that support humanistic values and principles
4. Implementing humanistic programs and initiatives
5. Evaluating and refining humanistic systems and structures

Consolidated List of Human Values

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In the Self: Continuous happiness - Happiness, Peace, Satisfaction, Bliss

In Human Being - with Body: Feeling of self-regulation in self, health in body
In Human-Human Relationship: Justice (established values- trust,… love +
expressed values- … compassion)
In Human-Rest of Nature Relationship: Prosperity in human being,
preservation (enrichment, protection and right utilization) of rest of Nature
In Universal Human Order: participation in different systems - Perseverance,
Bravity, Generosity, Kindness, Beneficence, Compassion.

Compassionate (dayapurn)
Taking the responsibility for filling the gaps created in ignorance; both in
relationship with human being as well as in work with rest of nature
Mutually fulfilling behavior with human being (Human friendly)
Mutually enriching work with rest of nature (Eco friendly)

Development of Human Consciousness

The journey towards right understanding transforms human beings from ‘animal
consciousness’ to ‘human consciousness’.

Self exploration leads to a development in our consciousness and brings about

a change in our goals , priorities and selection criteria
In ‘animal consciousness’, we give first priority to physical facility.
But as we transform to the human consciousness, we are able to base our
thoughts and activities on right understanding, give relationship a higher
priority than physical facility, identify our physical needs and ensure it through
cyclic and mutually enriching production processes, thereby enriching rest of
the nature as well.

Implications of Value-based Living

Individual: Happiness and prosperity, self-confidence, joyfulness, peace.
Family: Mutual fulfillment, prosperity, respect for all.
Society: Fearlessness, holistic systems for education, health, justice, harmony
between nations.
Nature: Co-existence, earth suited for sustenance, balance of seasons.

Pragmatic Implications of Value-Based Living

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1. Individual Level: Achieve happiness, peace, contentment and bliss in the self,
perseverance, bravery and generosity in living of the individual.
2. Family Level: Mutual fulfillment in relationships, prosperity in the family,
sustenance of joint families, family as the building block of societal order in
place of law enforcing bodies, respect for all without differentiation on the basis
of age, gender, caste, race, money, post, creed, etc.
3. Society Level: Fearlessness in the society, holistic systems for education,
health, justice, production, exchange and storage, harmony between nations,
world growing as a family.
4. Nature Level: Co-existence of all units in nature, earth getting more and more
suited for sustenance of all entities on the globe, balance of seasons, proper
development. The problems of pollution and resource depletion can be solved.

Profession - In Context of the Comprehensive

Human Goal
A profession is a mode of participation by human beings in the larger order in
pursuance of comprehensive human goal-individual & collective
The excellence or the success of any professional activity is to be judged from
this comprehensive point of view only and not in terms of merely wealth
generation.
The profession is not only a means of earning one’s livelihood, but also a means
of one’s evolution by appropriate participation in the larger order.
It is an important activity to authenticate one’s understanding, whereby we
interact with other human beings and with rest of nature in a mutually fulfilling
manner.
Professional ethics can be seen as the code of ethical conduct of the profession

Ethical Conduct in Profession

Implies the right utilization of one’s professional skills for participation in the larger
order towards the fulfillment of comprehensive human goal.

Competence: Ability to do something successfully or efficiently

Competence in Professional Ethics: If a person acts unethically, it is primarily

because of lack of correct

Understanding Happiness and Prosperity

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If happiness is viewed as maximizing sensory enjoyment and prosperity as

accumulating physical facilities, the motivation becomes wealth maximization. This
can lead to unethical practices, driven by a misconception of happiness and the
immediate attractiveness of such pursuits. Ethical considerations are often seen as
too idealistic.

Developing Ethical Competence

The development of ethical competence is a long-term process achieved through
value education. Professional competence reflects one's understanding of life.

Key Features of Ethical Competence

Clarity about the comprehensive human goal: Samãdhãna-Samriddhi- Abhaya-
Sahastitva (Resolution, Prosperity, Fearlessness, Co-existence).
Confidence in oneself and in the harmony of existence, based on understanding
oneself and the rest of existence.
Competence in mutually fulfilling behavior, ethical human conduct, and its
connection to sustainable happiness and prosperity.
Competence in mutually enriching interaction with nature.
Competence in actualizing one's understanding in real life.

Current Unethical Scenario

Unethical practices are increasing:

Corruption
Tax evasion
Misuse of public funds
Misleading propaganda
Cut-throat competition
Exploiting consumers
Adulteration
Endangering public health
Hoarding and over-charging

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The Way Out: Proposed Methods

Promoting awareness through courses and case studies.
Administering oaths and codes of ethical conduct.
Intensive audits and monitoring.
Stringent laws and punishments.
Promoting transparency (e.g., RTI - Right to Information Act).
"Sting operations" and publicizing lapses.
Encouraging whistle blowing.
Setting up commissions, committees, and forums.
Public Interest Litigations.

Holistic Technologies, Production Systems,

and Management Models

Need for a Holistic Worldview

Current development often lacks a holistic worldview, leading to counterproductive
innovations. There's a need for technologies and systems that align with sustainable
human welfare.

Holistic Evaluation Criteria

Catering to appropriate needs and lifestyles
Eco-friendly (cyclic/renewable)
People-friendly (ensuring self-development)
User-friendly (safe, economical)
Promoting local self-sufficiency
Prioritizing naturally available processes

Criteria for Technologies

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Catering to real human needs

Compatible with natural systems
Facilitating effective utilization of resources
Safe and conducive to health
Producible with local resources
Promoting renewable energy
Low cost and energy-efficient
Enhancing human interaction
Promoting decentralization
Durability and recyclability

For Production Systems

Considerations include:

What to produce?
How to produce?
For whom to produce?
How much to produce?

Criteria:

Optimal utilization of local resources

Economic viability
Priority for local consumption
Matching production with local availability
Decentralized systems
Facilitating production by masses
Promoting creativity
Using people-friendly technologies
Ensuring quality
Safe and conducive to health

For Management Models

Focus on the fulfilment of people involved in the production system and the users:

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Unit working as a family

Cooperative and motivational
Ensuring correct appraisal of human labor
Targeting employee and consumer satisfaction
Sharing responsibility
Continuous value addition
Integrating individual competencies

Critical Appraisal of Prevailing Systems

Present-day models:

Developed from a materialistic worldview.

Incompatible with ecology and human welfare.
Dependent on non-renewable sources.
Substituting natural resources with artificial ones.
Complicated and capital/energy intensive.

The Way Out

Study natural systems and traditional practices. Understand renewable and eco-
friendly technologies.

Case Studies: Renewable and Decentralized

Energy Technologies

Biomass Based Energy Conversion Systems

Biogas from anaerobic digestion (animal/human waste, kitchen waste, etc.)
Producer gas from partial combustion (wood, charcoal, rice husk, etc.)
Biodiesel from esterification of vegetable oils.
Ethanol as liquid fuel from agro-waste
Briquetting for compact fuel from loose biomass.
Smokeless cook stoves.

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Gadgets and Implements

Human-operated agricultural tools.
Animal-operated irrigation pumps.
Improved animal-driven carts.

Solar Energy
Solar water heaters, cookers, dryers.
Solar Photo-voltaic systems.
Decentralized solar power generation.

Other Technologies
Decentralized wind power devices.
Micro hydel power generation.

Water Conservation
Systems for water conservation and watershed management.

Green Building Materials

Construction with mud-blocks, terracotta tiles, bamboo.
Low-cost brickwork.
Solar architecture.

Farming Techniques
Organic/natural farming techniques
Vermi-composting
Bio-manures
Bio-pesticides

Sanitation Techniques

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Eco-sanitation techniques for sewage disposal

Small Scale Production Systems

Systems for food processing.
Systems for herbal products.
Systems for multiple crafts.

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