‘Aim :To identify the type af reaction by 1. Combustion of magnesium 1" 2° 2. Action of dilute sulphuric acid or 3. To heat lead nitrate. Apparatus : Beaker, test tubes, pait of (oF ‘Chemicals : Zinc dust, magnesium strip. lead nitrate Pe Procedure : Part 1: Combustion of magnesium in air 1. Hold a piece of magnesium strip on the 2. Record the observation and write the reaction Reaction 1: ine plass rod, ote wder, dilute sulphuric acid purners flame of a burner. 2Mg + 0, ———+ 2MgO (s) (Observations 1. The magnesium strip burns with luminous flame 2..A white coloured powder remains behind. Part II : Action of dilute sulphuric acid on zane. 1. Take some zinc dust in a test tube. 2. Add 3 to 4 mi dilute sulphuric acid (dil H.SO,) in it. 3. Record the observation and write the equation. Reaction 2: Zn + HSO, ———+ ZnSO, + H, Observations : 1. A colourless gas is liberated. i tp ane wine Sa ‘Part IT: To heat lead nitrate. 1. Take a one teaspoonful white coloured lead nitrate Powder in a test tube. 2. Heat it on a burner. 3. Hold a moist blue litmus Paper at the mouth of the test tube, 4. Hold a glowing Splinter at the mouth of the test tube, 3. Record the observation and write ‘the reaction. ee nS BELING.). Heat. 3 POO(s) + 4NO, +0, | Observations : 1. A reddish brown coloured 888 turning moist blue litmus paper red is liberated, 2. The glowing splinter keeps on glowing. 2PD(NO,), Heat 2PbO(s) + 4NO.f +f Inference / Conclusion : 1, Reactions are called ‘displacement reactions", when atom or group of atoms in one substance takes place of atom or group of atoms in the other substance to form new substances. For example, action of dilute sulphuric acid on zinc. a ae “combination reactions’, when a single product is formed from two or more feactants in a chemical reaction. — example, the reaction between magnesium and oxygen. ‘ roe soaraacr ce tases s ings compo; a mama called “decomposition reaction’. For example, heating lead nitrate. oa. F : ; Multiple Choice Questions x ‘: Exercise = ‘ed bottles? 1. Why does some liquid medicines kept in dark Se RIP OSSD... 2. Why does edible oils shows rancidity when stored for long period? 7 wNen.t1.1..0 gh.ce..is.stnrtd.fom..2.deg 1.12 Maa 4...810.00.ea 0.21.0. QH.O...pEP, 4 arte: Az. 3. BaSO, + 4C —————> BaS + 4CO In above reaction, write for each reactant that undergoes oxidation or reduction and identifyAim : To observe the following ions. = ions and to classify the: 5 n ; sect a 'y them into the types combination, i _ cement, decomposition and double displacement, 1. Reaction of water with staked lime. 2. Effect of heat on ferrous sulphate. 3, Reaction of copper sulphs Solution with iron nail. 4. Reaction of solutions of sodium of sodium sulphate and barium chloride with each other, Apparatus : 250 ml beaker, china dish, ashestos shee holder, test tub test tube, test tube 1, sand paper, burner / spirit lamp, filter paper cte Icium oxide, water, crystal ‘of copper sulphate. Procedure : A, Reaction of water with slaked lime 1. Take about 10 gm slaked lime in a clean and di sheet, tan S of ferrous sulphate, iron nail / wire scru ry china dish, place this dish on an asbestos the 2, Take a little water in a beaker, using dropper sprinkle some water on the slake lim: dish. Record your observations. ‘Obsertvations Note the heat absobed or evolved during| .01.$.0..b.¢.C0.190.2.4... Dt the reaction by touching the dish oan Note whether a gas or vapour is given WOH. O00.6.0..1S oa CON Skt d..uD..§ He oun... away in the reaction. Note the noise, if, any, produced during | FUSS... REA ALS. the reaction. pam. aoce.d. Ey ‘Note the change in the physical state f Reaction: ‘CaO(s) Ca(OH),(0q) + 1,00) calcium hydroxide water reaction. Here acettd2) Imm.Procedure : of heat on crystals of ferrov Figure : (Label the following diagram.) dc‘Teae about 10 pm of powdered crystals of ferrous sulphate in a test tube. 2. Clamp the test tube to a stand and heat it with burner /spirit lamp for 10 minutes. 3. Note the colour of the gas evolved. (Do not smell the gas) 4. Continue heating until the colour of the substance in the test tube changes. 5. Keep the hot test tube on an asbestos sheet. Observe the colour of the substance in i after cooling. aaa at ET _— Note the aaeel colour of ferrous sulphate. eee ies —_—_|oesio 3 Note the colour of the gas evolved on heating. ead eee substance in the cold test tube and note it. Reaction : ; State airs Hilal, Fe,0, (s) + 80,(g) + SO,(g) + 14H,0(@) | Comachenions. : Procedure ; C Reaction of solution Figu »f copper sulphate with iron nail lowing diagram.) Before Reaction After Reaction Procedure : 1. Take about 100 ml solution of copper sulphate in a beaker. Note its colour. 2. Take two-three unrusted iron nails. Clean them by rubbing with sand paper and wash with water. Note the colour of the nails. 3, Keep the nails immersed in the copper sulphate solution for about fifteen minutes. 4. Observed the change in the colour of the nails and the solution 5. Remove the nails from the solution after fifteen minutes. Wash them and keep them on a filter paper. Note the changed colour of the nails and the solution Observation Table: Colour of CuSO, soln, beforethe experimen. [Blue | Colour of iron nail before the experiment. ot a i c te ce arte ees rir us aps | 4 [Colour of ron nail after the experiment. Brownish -Re “s iron nails in blue coloured copper sulphate solution, they sulphate solution and their colour becomes: doride + D. The reaction between sodium sulphate and barium ch Note the colo cat 1: Take about 20 mi sodium sulphate solution in a clean be a Aeon an 2, Take 10 to 15 ml barium chloride solution in a test ube. f to the sodium sulphate 4 Pour the barium chloride solution from the test tube slowly I”! ition in the beaker. 4. Keep on stirring the solution in beaker 5. Observe the changes occur in beaker and note it down Observation Table : pee The colour and the nature of the sodium |... Sulphate solution before the experiment. The colour and the nature of the barium]. chloride solution before the experiment. ‘The colour and the nature of the mixture | .. resulting on mixing the two solution into each other. Reaction = * BaCl,(aq) + Na,SO,(aq) ——+ BaSO (aq) + 2NaCl(aq) In this chemical reaction two new compounds are formed by mutual exchange of the Components (ions or radicals) of the two compounds. Such reactions are called ‘double displacement’ reactions. Inference / Conclusion : : 1. In this reaction white coloured insoluble eitip Hale formed. As a result of a white coloured precipitate is formed in the beaker. ‘5. The reddish browr bt Fi ¢ reddish brown colour obtained on the iron nail placed in copper s'ilphat ri f copper sulphate solution is ot a. CuO b.Cu0 eth d. Cus Exercise Tcise TE PERG AAS ae! remajns in a test tube after heatin . Observe double displacement reactions given in the text book and write down the similarities. \ Tine t4. se on in, wakaich ie... ARAM. AA AcNOnyed form a...PP. Dan e.<.0U2d..011. A TUUb.1.€.. AUS P1.Q. CR IN ALO. H.ond...2). TS. SHLOMO. Vieng fon € tadke. ple u Od tl; ough the Alm : To study the magnetic field due 10 el Ton ery (12), cardboard] aE + Insulated copper wire(24 gauge), connecting wires, bal Plast ; sheet, iron fillings etc. Figure : (Complete and label the following diagram.) 1. Make a coil around the hollow tube with around 20 to 25 rounds of copper wire. 2. Arrange coil and cardboard / plastic sheet as shown in the figure. 3. Spread some iron filings on the cardboard. 4. Connect both ends of coil to the battery and start the electric current. 5. Keep flicking gently on the cardboard and observed the arrangement of iron filings. 6, Increase the current in circuit gradually and observe the change in the arrangement filings. “a Observation 4. When electric current starss flowing through the coil, MANAHC.... are : _€ach point on the coil. Wiresions d direction of magnetic lines of force. b. horse shoe magnet ¢. disk magnet. 4. spherical mag 3. In pliance Fleming Left Hand rule is not used. a, electric fan b. mixer ¢. computer Urtlectric generator 4. Heating effect of electric current does not observed in = a. electric oven. b. electric iron. Leetecric motor. d. fuse. 5: sstererrtietsssessnes 1S Used to Measure electric resistance in a circuit. E a. Voltmeter b.Galvanometer —_c, Ammeter Gecthm meter i y with rubber in some places? oMOSt..24. 00a Cal. u210C...040.00N.e1L.ed..u0.LHp..2M bb... 0, PULPOS £..0°F) 1.W.UQUHO..60.V.80,01.9.40.8. 20. P.OULr..ocb P CLC COU. 21.15 AD. preAlent...0.CUd.2u0Ub aLl...C0 Vb a. | suiHhodeh.2t.. cL Umass... Cn nian. 284 LE Pore CUO. hong... ed... 0.0 Obos.. 1, What is the reason behind covering wires carring electricit 2. What procedure will you follow to study magnetic field, if you are provided with parafin oil, iron nail, bar magnet, battery, coil conductor wire? 2. Which magnet will you choose among permanent magnet and electromagnet for Industrial purpose ? Justify your answer.* To study the effect « Apparatus : Giass beaker, ice, thermomete. Figure : (Label the following diagram ) 1. Take a few pieces of ice in « glass beaker. 2. Keep beaker on tripod stand and put it on the stand. 3. Attach athermometer on the stand in such a way that the thermometer bulb will co dip in the ice. 4. Measure the temperature of ice. 5. Arrange the apparatus as shown in figure.Inference / Conclusion : 1. Heat energy is absorbed during the tn SAREORIR ADE MIE SE ONE bo NO haa bus is no medhultiple C hoice Questions 1 change in State. 1, Which of the following conditions'are Ste Ro en heat is supplied to the Substance? Solid + Liquid, Liquid Ub-Solid + Liquid, Liquid, ¢, Solid + Gas d, Solid + Gas, Liquid, Gas ‘Latent heat is evovied during the transformation of liquids into solids.’ How will you explain xv this statement? leat released and temperature decreases. xFleat absorbed and temperature increases. ¢. Heat does not absorbed nor released d. Not sure. 3. In above experiment, what will be the maximum rise in temperature of water after melting of ice? me b.0°C e.4%C «s-To0 °c The increase in temperature of water above its boiling point in the pressure cooker is due to 4. change in, «...esseessse: Wefressure b. volume _c. mass d. all of these 5. The temperature of ice can be decreased below 0°C by mixing ............. init, a.sawdust b. sand wer Salt d. coal : Exercise : What could be explained from the straight horizontal line observed at the begining and end of PHD... AN SL OL. UM IDR. OAM. de, ALO Picesk entheeen. Preconld latent heat be explained from the graph? Explain in detail. Wh en.Jce..i8...pootedy..ib.melts..at.0°¢. &Practi rat cooley Conclus : natural cooling Aim: To e temper ¢ of hot water during i 1. Th measure temperature an temperature versus time. ion from 0° C10 100° C, a clock, tion Apparatus : ‘A250 mi glass beaker, thermometer with prada! io ~ Figure : (Label the following diagram.) Procedure : 1. Heat the water in the beaker up to 100°C. 2. Put off the burner. 3. When the water reaches 70 °C, start measuring the temperature after every minute. 4, Measure the temperature till the water reaches ambient temperature. ‘S. Plot the graph of temperature versus time (in mins.). Observation :oe Tate Of cooling of water is ..... “ve when the difference inthe temperature of water and the ambience is large. 2. This rate as the temperature of water reduces due to cooling. Precautions : 1. Switch off the ceiling fans in the laboratory before the observations, 2, Let the clock Tun continuously while Cooling, do not stop it, Multiple Choice ‘Questions a. ‘Qut of the following, veoseseass #8 the proper method for measuring the temperature of water, b. . a ambience, itfollows ..—— ll wl S. Heat is Wberated when ....0.....cc0000: 4. water converts into vapour. ©. water heats, 2. If water of temperatures 80 °C and 60 °C is cooled int me cooled faster? Justify your answer. TM.6.8°.C wai Llc dab. 3. In two beakers (A and B) $0 ml water of about 70 of water of about 30°C is added and after S minutes, is added. What would observe if the temperatures of both beakers recorded immediately? Why? , £ate...06 Deas. fle. treann..M9 h C.AUre...0f..D.€.0b,.6p te : °C each is taken. Then in beaker A, S0mi in beaker B, 50 ml of water of about 30°C —S3s——_—— >Practical No. 8 Aim: To verify the Jaws of refraction of light # board, drawing pins, the following diagram.) Apparatus : A glass slab, drawin, Figure : (Label Paper pins, drawing sheet, etc | Procedure : 1. Take the drawing paper and fix it on the drawing board properly by using drawing pins. +2. Place the given flass slab at the center and draw its projections on the paper with a pencil. 3. > the slab and at point O, draw a normal MLN, at the point ©. Also, draw the ray AO at with the normal. slab in its original place, look at the images of the paper pins 1 and 2 from slab, and fix two more pins 3 and 4 in such a way that they are on the line }. The line BC shows the emerging ray. d join OB. Draw a normal M.N, at the point B. i (i), the angle of refraction (r) and the angle of emergence (e).Q ons —— ce Questions , Multiple Choice Ques' Ei a 1, One student is doing experiment to draw the path of light rays passing through a glass slay, this, he measured the angle of refraction and angle of emergence for every angle of inten Aim: Appa Figui Inall the cases he found that....... oe wail eof reiraction, but is almost equal to the angle of em, angle of incide er than the angh i i incdence ie atger thon the ang itisalmost equal to the angle of em ‘the angle of incidence is smaller than the angle of refraction, but ®. the angle of incidence is langer than the angle of refraction and also it ad the angle of incidence is smaller than the angle of refraction, and als 2. When a light ray makes an angle of 90° while entering a glass slab ftom air, it....,, ‘a. bends towards the normal. ‘o-Boes away from the normal. €. goes straight without bending at point O, d. returns back into the air. 3. Allight ray entering glass from water, ...... a. it goes away from the normal. ©. it travels straight without bending, d. it returns back into water. 4. A ray of light makes an angle of 50° with the surface S, of the glass slab. Its angle of incidens: case? b. 40° c. 140° d. 0° Pro 5. Ina glass filled with water a coin placed at the bottom, if viewed in a skew angle the coin found . 5 a. at the bottom. b. floating in a water. le-bent. d. breaked. : Exercise : 1, Ifthe glass slab is of the following shape, and the experiment is performed as above, will te effects be the same? Here, S, and S, are slab surfaces parallel to each other. s Yes the efht ck.uail).b.@ HA 2 S.0UN0..e es. helt: F.0.0eb 61.4.5. 2. DIN. p. OD... SUN g.asale fo..2.0.0N, eth... Ag fe: UM, AE SUE Nd OF + BUD. 0....0000, Oc ..F anger than the angle of smaller than the angle of emo b-it bends towards the normal. » incident ray and emergent ray are parallel ® _ al Hansa (hy reeWH? Te ae an ene the rays of light through a glass prism and to find angle Apparatus ; Prism, drawing board, a shes Figure : (Complete the diagram, ) of deviation et of white paper, paper pins, drawing pins. Procedure : 1. Take a sheet of white Paper and fix iton the drawing board with the help 2. Place a plass prism along its triangular base at middle on the Paper. Mark the boundary ABC of the glass prism. of a drawing pins. 3: Remove the prism and draw a normal LM through point Q on side AB 4, Draw Ray PQ making an angle of 30°to the normal. 5. Fix two pins P, and P, on Ray PQ. ‘6. Place the glass prism back to its original position and look the ima, the side AC. 7. Fix two more pins on P, and P, on this side such that pins P,, P, and images of P,P, appear to be on a straight line. 8. Remove the prism and pins. Draw a line towards side AC thr: _P, (Sand R) which will intersect AC at point R. Draw a normal on side AC through point R. Q and Ray SR on opposite side to intersect each other in point K. ges of pins P, and P, from ‘ough the points of pins P, and————— , Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which colour shows maximum deviation when light is dispersed through prism? ANMolet b. Red c. Yellow d. Blue 2, How to convert light dispersed by prism again into white light? Ua «a. By using white light rays. b, By using glass slab . By adding one more prism erected d-By adding one more prism inverieg, 3. «+ does not occur during the production of rainbow. @.Refraction —_b. Dispersion ¢, Reflection Wnduction 4, We could observe path of light due to ....... .ossse Of light from tiny particles of solutiog gy transparent medium. @. Scattering —_b. Dispersion «c. Refraction 4. Reflection 5. Dispersion of .....s1..seeseees colouris minimum in visible range of light Pecceshers WeeRed b. Blue s, Green 4. Violet 1 Prac 2. Spots : Exercise = = i et dispersion of light through a prism? sees been... 2. Wangle of incident increases angle of deviation decreases, but after a certain value of angi ‘incident, the angle of deviation increases. Shai hat peti acca sntlon ‘Does hess angiet seine for light ofall colour?nn aes a convex lens, meter scale, screen with a stand, etc. I the following diagram.) Aim + To obtain the focal Apparatus : Convex lens, lens holder, Figure : Procedure : 1. Fit convex lens in the lens holder. 2. Spot a distant object such as electric pole, a tree or a building. 3. Fitthe screen on the stand and place it on the other side of the lens (opposite to object side.) 4, Move the screen back and forth to obtain a clear image of the chosen object on it. 5. Measure the distance between the lens and the screen. 6. Repeat the above steps two more times. 7. Now rotate the lens by 180? and repeat the above procedure. Observation ; Least count of the meter scale ‘Observation Table 1 | Distant Object |—_—Distance betwen lens center and screen LGPF cal kenge tne coves mF) 2. Second tical beng of de corres m7 . wm? Cm ey 3. From 1 snd Z stnove, te te bens coed 09 OO GE BF, ©, ten the tense ae — ee 1. Amador cium 2 dew mage of Se no eee nen ” 8 carder to ewe he bere oom a mabe — Sitar ete hem a be rem reg HS — Seeeet emcee SR eeit teenie c Ratecing Tetenceye, shat cmponsan =O yas enan P © One cemees lems and one come bh Tee comes tenses i: Clie eueash taienes, one pine acsver and ose comreun bese ‘ (One concave mirror, one comves murror and one comes lens 3. The image obtained while finding te foal engl of coven mS SB Spel andere. b. viral andere & real ant everted ¢ ertual and mem 4. For the same thicken of the keew, f the rates of cenature o x Teaeed, the focal — Pes < mereased. od. be imposible tp ze omni the watch ? 7 2 & at the focal jongth 60s less than focal lengh . © mimore then the focal length dat zero dentame . 1 Explain the working af compound imcromupe by foval length of onwes lena. LPM S Cope. rs... combi NAH or..2% 2. a fold Length. Bera ste #7 SORver (ensds, (MAGe 1s. magn ed 2. sn,i and Al with the solutions of sas ZnSO, these metals in the decreasing order of their Apparat Tem tubes, test tube sand, distilled water, sand paper, etc. Chemica ‘The metals Za, Fe, Cu.and A); solutions of the salis ZnSO,, FeSO,, CuSO, AL(SO,), Figure : (Draw figure) Procedure } Ghean all the metals with sand paper and cut them into small pieces. 2. Take Omni of samples cf each of the solutions of ZnS0,, FeSO, CuSO, AL(SO,), in separate test tubes. a Pt one or two pieces of aluminium metal in each test tube. See what happens and note the observabons. 4 Repeat the same procedure for the remaining three metals. (Observanons :tions at zinc is more reactive than * E Multiple Choice - The proper procedure of the experiment © show # ‘a. Prepare a copper sul ‘Prepare zinc sulphate solu ‘c. Heat zine and copper plate. id. Add dilute nitric acid to both the plates because of --. fe in it vcso 0 copper pial phate solution and wmmerse & op wae ‘on and inamerse 2 copper plate 2. The solution of Al,(SO,), in water 8 not clear, en aia . decomposition of Al, (SO) a. impurity in the salt. d, none of these. white Gelatinous ppt of Al Se . more reactive than zinc. b. more Te fess reactive than copper d-tess reactive than aluminium OH), is formed active than aluminium 4. The solution of Al,(SO,), in water 1s ete b.piakincolow — © green incolour varoolouless 5, Which of the following substances is blue in colour? e~ CusO, b. FeSO, ¢. ZnSO, d. AL(SO), ; Exercise = J. Why do all the metal pieces get polished before the experiment ? ALLO. etals..2. oF .cwlEN.O. wtapectiivie. oid. ey. Her.ce 1. Take 2-38"Aim To study oxida ion an | Apparatus : Test tubes dropper, burner, etc, ‘hemical substances : Ethanol, dilute solution Of sodium carbonate, dilute solution of potas Permanganate, alcoholic solution of iodine (tincture iodine), liquified Nanaspati ghee, various vegetable oils (groundnut oil, safflower oil, sunflower oil, etc.) _ Procedure : A. Oxidation of ethanol 4, Take 2-3mi Sf sthanol ina test tube. Add Smi_ sodium carbonate solution to it. Warm the Mmodure by holding the test tube on a burner. _ 2 Add dilute solution of potassium Permanganate dropwis in it and keep on stirring the mixture §) >. Observe the change in the pink colour of the Potassium permanganate when its addition is ‘started. Reaction; CH,-CH,-OH ca CH,-cooH Ethanol alkaline KMaO, Ethanoic acid B. Addition reaction of fatty acids 1 Take 2mi oil in a test tube. Add 4 drops of tincture iodine in it and stir +2. Observe whether original colour of iodine disappears or not. Repeat the same procedure using the other ails and vanaspati ghee and note in the ob: -C=C-+ 1,— eae coloured colourless ‘solution, solution servation solution of potassium permanganate is added to ethanol, initially the pinkOUUETe &- Potassium permanganate ‘oxidizes ethanol t0 - an this it i colour van Feaction its .pMUE. colow Vani 4 Therefore the Coloured solution is followed for vanaspati ghee, a Similar Coloue, b. lodine is consumed due to its addition ‘0 ted hydrocarbon the 7.0... react hyd ion TOS eNO colourless. But when the same procedure is not observed. As vanapati ghee is salv ¢ Questions hanol into ethanoic acid? Occur there Multiple Che 1. What type of reaction is the transformation of el a. Addition reaction b, Substitution reaction ‘-Gridation reaction d. Dehydration reaction 2. In which of the following substances, is ethanol not used? G@ytonics b. cough mixture «c-tandle d. alcohol 3. What type of carbon-carbon bonds are present in vanaspati ghee? wartingle bonds b. double bonds c. triple bonds d. none of these 4, lodine decolourises in stearic acid, because ......... a. itis saturated. b. it contains single bonds. cif‘ is unsaturated. d. canny 5. The saturated hydrocabon from the following carbon compounds is 5 a. Ethene b. Ethyne c-Ethane d. Benzene LH