UruTTL

--
I

I. NUYIBER. SYSTEY\S Attb B66LEAN

,fl.r.F+tlrrrlr\.ir*>
ALGTEBRA
,VlAaraAfia4rrrv
a\r\
^^Ar\rrd-+

r. Ee5f11q\
vrunn\oqf stsg:-
3,\,S ,6,+, B, I (tod*Xits)
O,l,>l

Ex r: +1o ' 48-q 2ro-+ Bo.sq Qor) eqclix Qor) Sw&ox '

! -

! 73t'23 ---> (eo.s* siSniticavn Rit tor) &",S".t

| '-^'
t&T"
r.^bs-. sign'r$,conn
""so I " f lsR er) Lsb)
Frt (or) bid"rt I

( tlse e\) Msb) Jedm*r poivrt

t-l@A-L
tO to' lo ro to @St+\ovTq_\ rfq\ueS Gr\ cr:e-rqlrts
+ 3 [. z 3 -)

z' Sa nlrtdoqx
ofl C
" d.t ts)
Ex'. tlol lr ttool02_
t"t i i t- ---> Fos\t\ovrq-$ Wtrr.eS tg\) coe\g\l.*s
to t .Ol
J
Bt\o.Y$ Pstv.*'

B. St numLex SUS$:*
;,L,8,+,5,6,* (I dJ,A',u9

EX: , 4o+Z* , ta3'658

"38
B' B, BoS 6'----> Ne_iq\uS @O positio,r.o$ v*l-rlqf ,

I Z 3.6 5 N

t
oc*o.-0 poirtt .
4,S
,'o,\r'?,3
Ex,^ B43te r s+A.c3ra
--'
tet ," tgo ,it tt' -----> NerB\^.*S bU Pcc.itlo\^o.0 voh*of
I z A. r R
t
Hexo. d-euvro_0 poty* ,

Eg** btrp !Lu$!sx srsss:

Def.rnqg octo-! Hexo.4ecnno.0 <ino.xg

O o o ]--o
f-r
I
I I
I

2- 2_ L l-
I

lo
I

j \t
3 3 3
q
+ + t50
5

i s
S
tol
G e C ---1 ltO
+

l
+ -1 + I t\
8 lo R * t ooo
9 rt -t I - lool
to
\l
lz
\2_
rl
t\
l
-T
I
B
A

(-
.\ oto
- l ort
^I I Oo
13 _T
s I

D .1\ot
tT l6 -_-t- E r lto
ts + I

tr rltl
l6 )o _t I
lo t o oo o
t? 1\. -+ I
ll loDOl
Nusnbqr Bs.Se conuQ\sig0 "*

t. - Rttnqvq cov\uq\\igo : -
\l

\
-
Exr O (tot.tl), -- ( 1)
. /lD
irf iir
fuQ:- I o (. t I

.loj-\
t1t"'+ bKL + tKz + lX2' +lXz

Ctor.t\), = (s'+s)io
@ (tott.lot). = C.,," ),o
u t- ( x23+oxi * rxJ + txf + lxl + oxi"1 rxiS
= rr )+ r+ i+ +
=- (t r.Gri,o
(rotr. \oD,- = (rt'ozs),o

6
o1-. ccto-0
---...._.-
to secinnq\ cc)\lSJSgO:-
Exr o (+s.B)e= q ?)ro
lol:- ?x8' + Sxtot 3l q

C+s.3)r -. Qct.3+s)ro
@ (erq."(+ = C ?),o
s"t zxR' + .lKB'+ + xd +
'xf t "x[3
Sir^
<: 6x

= 6x6\ r t6t \ t+tfi,*ft

= 3gq t zot o.8+s + o.o t56zg -5 o'oo\Qo6rS
= f+ot .8Qt+) ro
(az+:+ tz)B = (+o+ 'Be tt) ro
 !xr- @ C Qe r.s \)g =e 1 ),o
'rf,- ots
not a\ octo.\ nu\doe-\
Ss , conue.(stgtrr is not trDSsi b(e

He4ggleci$not to bqcixna$ Colql!\Sisn : -

8.,.- O C+nr ..cg),c" = e ? ),o

&ol:^
:==>
4xtsL+ Axrr'+ zxrs + cx,i' o gx tf,L
+xzsc + toxtc t
* ttt ft6 2x,

\+q2 + t6o t , * + 1 o-3s\s62s

(rls+. *t)ro

C+nr. .l)te : (tla\ .+t)to

o (css.e+),s = C ? ),o
&o!'. c.K t*+ D K tt'r 3x tf t extd + }x 6L
= \ex2s6 t r3xrct 3 x $+ fu
- (tzt:. *ts),o
(c-u3. BD,e = Qgztt'+\$ro

Bo.se 5 no. E Dedunq\ conva\stQnn : r

:
EN'-- o Qq:r .23)s = C tt G. sl)to
'

-
&oQ't
<=: 4 xslt 3xs\ + \ xsot z^d + t*s'

= ro6t tS * I -L2-.r-3
\LS
\>\-
 (=z:r.rz)= : c ? ),o
.$[l :.t is hot a Rqse 3 tD.

Bo.Se R ho. AiSi*s q\Q O'1,2'

Dedrr,q0 19 RBt cEs&,':-

St:
-- o (e-s),o= C ?).
trracrtons-0 qonvQtsi$o
SS^ teQle\ Fa\t e6\uq\si's\n Po.Yh

2-ll1 g.zsX)- =Q.S

zLS-t
zl :-o
A
\ o,t rernorvrdoE
o"sx r- - l.O
tnteq-.{
I
L\'t-l \ +.*r, hottscvr pa\$ o(
o -l I ao tsp alJ
prodrrct .tqw[J
(t3),o:- t\olr {rsqn *ctr to
hottgwt .

O.2S,o= O "Ota

Q:,rs),o = (ttot'oDz

.@
Q.6)ro t? ),
*ol',- t-.P . c. tr.P'C
=r2-.
r[( O-6X:- - [->-
.lz-\ O.2-X :- - O. \
.-E -o 1 o.\xr- -- 6-B
c5 -1 o.8x:- :- 1.6 o,iooi
O.6t(z- - (.1
tE),o=Qor)- o-zx:->o'\
l-\
o.*Xr_:to.&
(5'a),o (tot - ioot ):-
--
O'E xL = r. 6.

Alote. :- Se thqra
o
rS Y\D \epeta*iev1 ',(t -tho*
< .\
the process rnutttplicat,Wr is be
stqp$ q(tq o\ \ *qcq) .
 Qeclga\ tq e-Ssst eo.lNgIsig.0 :*

Ex:^ () Gr.s>s)to= C ?. )8
;Y] " awteXe-x cosue\sieA^ Frqc*iorns.-! trarr:r covryerftlq

O .6 )S K =
K
_S-OOO tz

Co.e zs )to = Co. s)e

r1
Gs;,o Qrr )*

C+t.s2s ),o = (ttt.s)t

i

SoQ,. tvrtqggr Post* cc>Nqf\\enn

4\
€fact'or,^o0 poJrt colluertr'or4

e [)qe O.RBXE, = I.SR\

eF-o 6.sRtxE : \.6+r
8[J -s
4\
o'612X t : S.316

l
I
o -q I o .31sxt :3.oo8
o.oo8XB 0. 0611
=
CzqO,o = tqsb\ 6.O6ttKt * o.St:_
Co.\qS,o = (o.t.tS3o$e
\QR ),o = (+so ' tqs3ods
C+qg.

8. Deir.nnq\ to
:- HeXq
:. Deirngrq! ' \
..::.
Eht ( (_ e \.1€
Li ) rastt. +ss),,) rL(t
-- ._

So,[: SnteXer, Pant Conve-XSig,fl fxoc*\qr.e-g tuvt Qonvqyg'gn,4

--- o .+tS X (6
161 trs+ = e.SC ,(
ra\ t2> -L
o. S6K (6 : g.ge lu
re[-6*
t;
o.9oK16: t5.36.

o+ 0'36Xt6 = s.}C
o.+6x16 s rp.r(
(ttstr),o
= (+qgre
C
U
Co'+ss)
1D_- (o .crpsc),a U
(n st .+rg,; (+ar. cB Fsc),. g
 tt i) (tztt. tts)o = Ql ),.
trnhqqqr pnrt CsNa\\iSVl tr.co-c*tor,rc-l tro\At eonuq\siW)
"s.[
4E: (j
O.ltSa-|e = tt'QY B
16 l3>83 )
o'Q4Xtg =?-o\ \
,al zos - 3
O.o\X t6 = o.6y 6
tef:-z @rb O. 6\r X t6= ro.2.\ A
o @)c 1
(o-+rs),o= Co.RloA),a
t:zt r1o =L(C1b>3 ),e

q. Bose 3 to BaSqS :*
?-

Exr- ti )
==-
{e!:'-

sl" 0.s33XS : t.665

gf-= :
o-i t \.66sxs
O.32SXS =
3'Szs
\.625 I

tT ),o = Crz)s 0.6LSAS =-?'{zS \

o.l>SKS-: 0.+zS' V
o.?zS\-= 3. 6zS

Co.tl3),o = (0.(B rI6)s-

to- OCtA\ to
Ex,.^ ti)
So.0:- + 3.1
t\ \
+
J ou -$oto
 Q0 Cz:.q e)r : e ?)"
E'' 2R
+-t.t
q e
.t
oto otl \0o \lo

It. Hgxode-cimq\
F___ to R".noxg conve"tsig,o..-

S': Li ) C+4.t.),u= C I ).
U:- +Azc
.1, $ J, t,
o t\1 toto 0oro uoo

(!i) (sr.eq)..= C I ):_

So.[: D2_ E9
rLq A -t/
t\ot .ooto ((\o too I

12. B'r\a\\ oc-tq\ conUaf

-----+-.
sign : - I
:
\aRqzl
-\, (totr\. ro\)r= ) )E
Jr': u)
3oI.. o10\\\. \o\
< <-T == (z*. s)r
L + g--

{ ( otu'tor)r= (z+'s)e

G) (rot\.1)L: C 1 )r
<-Sol'.-
oo\o\\,loo
*3 (tr...,)*
"-t ,-"

Co tr ott . roo);(t:'tr)g
 Binqr
:v \l E ug@rostr
torr\o\\l ' l'o15)z =
( ? )re
$,.^ ti ) ,

&1'' o\\\o\\\'toto
-----= : (lq.A ),n
a-+ A
--

0o,\\ .,1ooo)- = C ),e.

1':
t'I
So.L'.- ooo\oQ(\,,oS = (t+.e),n
4
"T'+ =
a

t\. octq\ to He.xo, decrnnq.-0 l*

:-

B'. Lt ) (ts-+)(: t ) )re

&o.0-'. octq-0 Binq\\ *texa &unro{
-) --)
3 5. +
..t .U t.L'
o\\ tol t\l
(:s.+1 =
lq,lgr,\0"
t -b Ft -

Gs'+)B = (ts. s)re

tii; (rt.r)E = ( ) ,) ts
3o!,. +3 2
ttl Otl 6to

(+s- ';* : ( ttr.o11 .ot0).-L

--)
3Kc|-
ts- {-
 g @:*Aeci-a'l --+
r5. Hqxo.de-i'.w^ro-\
He)ca $inao1 FI
Gx'. fD (ro,G)ro:- c ?)( o.f
rI
.:S.,.Q,.
ooo
lb.
I \\o I
E
(\\ o J
JJ
Lt D. R)te :- (+Ug - S),-
sr+'
: G s.0e
JJ
a
(tu.s),o. Gs.+L JJ
@ ('re. $) tg = C 1)R JJ
&eg
oo\
3a
I 10(\

,D(o\.
\
O too J
J
: fut ot\
<- L- )
+ 3 r{
*{
*{

,gP" -{
*{
Btarax.d ad&it\sHn
,e F{
*{
-
Cor{\t Resu\t
+t
\
q
Susn lo F{
+l
o+o o O O
(t F{
ot( \ O \
\r
Ioo il
t+ o I
o I fl F{
r.+ \ c) I lo (ot
\ il
r{
J=.- d) per&rvon to\\ r- + \\\t 2_ rl
So-0'. totl
+\ \ t I
rl
-
-
o r
t\ \rz---\'-\--l o e-{
w
r{
lt
Co-vrg
\or(L+ \\tt>_ = \\oto^
'

+
Scr.ro

lE
.1* J
J
 ton" t tl olr+ ttlol @
Ul) Pe\€oxnn
\\t o'l I
3o9' r ot
-----a- t

. tlro
.,t-llr
IDO I 1 o
tw t V
t

C.aWS Ss.tAfi

ro tr, t \otz + t\ \or loo(\oL

- "
(i\i ) {o(>t.te-{ llDl'ol:-
So0: toot.Lo
I I Ot'Ot
--l ol tD' t.l
uY\, \--+/
Csv\t-J S,-r$n

@:-
Er'.'- ti) \o\z x t\\1
&o Q:-
\ol
x \\\
(O \
\o\
\or
l0 oo I I

Lit; tC)\b.tz-E \D\t'lL

&o.Q' \o\o.(x to\\'\
---- \o\ot
totot
lotot
OOOOO
rnlol,
_'tj-ru.of

* Stg &h\sh'-
ti1 11 \ I0 t.= looz 6xi (,i) lotD'l : lo('ol
-Ex'. (tttr 1o [D"l
B'- roo)
lllrot
t\l
ar€'
3"9^;
-tC)t'O'
loo
--1T0 1s \0 lO
(oo
rol tOlol
tlE 9( =9
+P Btrnxq
rl- r---:,
subtro.c*iwr + cor,^pb,vnq\nk .-
---- {I
\i
Note.'-
ea:- ta
g
- (
A-B A + Y's cornpbrrnanr og R s.tutro.c+\e^n wiuq ra&
covnptomeu*)
A*B A+ Qv-rjs cs$nPLasru^M og R + t C tu!oqyq16rn., \rSivrs
dirn,ntshed ri:.&ix .o*pot^*1
V rq&tx aeO Bo.se- o€ A { R v,crls
->
3e A4B B, qxe B\norX no.ts \'t^e^A

A-R= A+ t's co\mp. oR R +l t^:hqrce

= A+ds b$np. 6g R. A-)ttinuend
R -5 Suhtvqhend.
I
\s cornp\q\rQ[t:-
t.
t s o€ aln\ nuYnhe\
connpto_\an* <-a\n Ice" obtoiued
\
dnonXtu,q qo.C-[^ o tO 'i
tt
a.r*d ',r' to o
-
\'s corl5pbsoeq oQ ttOtoo\ is ooto(\o.
\ts as$fip[qmq\r Sqbtro.Cticsrn
:!
: .

rC,{eA''

t) AAcI vn',nuqvr.d qnd is cotnptqnnqrn.i o€ su\crtlSxqylg .

(.\) te tb.exe
o
IS c.artS\ a€tqY o.d&it\gn , -*Lt-o-,r2l *tkq-
-+vd
VeSL(t fs ive' . e\se {qsqr\k. ts , Q-\se. yesutt & Lw;
a.i) te rQSl(\ ?S +\e ,
qdd cav\\ to sqYn to get

1ila_ qcru..$ \.,a[^^a

fuu) rg \es\*\ ts '-ve tqKo t's cornrrp(.Q.wlqyl o$ S,rrt4

+o ae-t *t^s- o.c+u.e0 Va_b^e-

EX': (l) Pe\€o\^n unsiqrned bivrcnxl Sqlotro.q\eU

=: ugi\ r,s
" Co.np br^1'p^^,t .
ri) tlola t 06lL
$" \tot
tO.Dl
--> vninuer,c0
Sr,rtc1Xa\r.Ou.d
o \l o ( s Counpb,tr,ta,ra- of S.rhroher^d.
-)
 tt ot --) wrirnuqnd
Ot tc is 65r\\p. o€ 8u-\s
->
to o \
a-^^-, f--a'arta.--7
I

Co-x\t Slr-{fl
't
'$^e\e t s o' Ca\\\ ,
Resu\t ts +ve

To tet -t1^q ct- c*..ro-tr UG[r^-o t diReexence) odd C.o-v\u to

DOtl
,l
Et
- o - d.i€ €qvn-.nqo

->

LIi) DDl z - \\orr_

8oQ:" 1O o I ----> sninuqv,d

\\ O \ Su-\otfqhqurd
--)Wr\rnue-\Nd
\DCI \
*-)
oo t o ---__) t'S. Corr.npLo_ruWAa.,Ub o{ S,..{6tfahq^d
\oll
(--l-1,t\-:
Suvn .

-r\erta- is \^o ca.Y\t. Qqsu\\ is -vQ

r's o(
To 8qt *'\^-o_ qc*uo-0 Uo.-!;.,ro tqKq co\nDl-o1fu\a/"(^ Su'vn

iS Covnp(aru.Lr.M o.R \o \\ ?s s \oo

z s c9,nsg\gr't .'-

2.s co\ph).^ a^ x o€ * I's Coilrr1Qkurc;6 o€ A + I

^
ei'wd t's CornnptoL.tr.-Or,^* o€ tD to
.-Ex'.-
8o['. = l's ConnPtolu.-o,r,rX
o'g toto +l
=-
oto(
= C}lol+ I
.tl
= Dt\D otto

g5 co.nf o[ totloo ',s of c\o'(Uox\tc \)o. Gi \+ \s i"oar.' .o\o;i -ir icit

.{itst I AS it is.
unki\ u {ou^oA \- .\t u iound't t\e^n Dxit e th.t
thtl c hon3je {he tr[Yng.\ni t'3 "no'5 {^to'n Ct, tc \: A'oc\ is toc ,)
zns cr=.nnp(emrerrs Su-btxqrgsrq ql\Sg ,-
--
-
(t\ AAd vn\nuevtd arrr.& J -s c.NP(qr, qv\t o€ s\_rbttqhe*d
(i.) AR\qr o-dditisrrr i e -t\^q\Q, is c*q\\U q{,r..A.AJ *fl1q fqsutt
?s '+*ra' r Q\se lve ' '
t i0 f + '+\^-o-- rasu-rt is + uq
to ta-t +ua- qquo-f \rq.Iuq
discg1r c! -t{^q c-4.\ \ \
Lr.v) 3-( -tuq \es\\tt ts ave' tr> tel -tt^q qc*u-o=( va,(r.,u_l toft
il* connpQr'nrror.tt oQ Su'Yn '

Err t. pqx€ornn Lr.ng\gr1 br\oxg sulotrqc\isrr *sryr.q is (ornpQptort+,

&" () tlotL* 1oto.

4'$a,t", \\ o\ --5 vninuqvrd
(O to __J Subtxa\,r.gr,rd.
o\Ol
rt
o I t6

zt S cotfle. o€ Str\otxq\nqvrd ( ro to) --.

oto\+ = o\\o
t\ot --) nn\nue-\d
O t \ O -5 >_,s Co\rnp. o,( Sub .
t,

N __f_,
\ool I

co-\r$. Slrnq

'"' tt .'. Rel.rtt is '*uu''

\o* c-qr\t .
-" Tq ta\ o.c*uq$ vo-l-rl.a Aisc-o.rd '{-t^a <e-\\\
: OD\\L

\to\L* \o\o2- = oot\-

u\) lo(DL - \\otl

&)P',' lo to .--) vn\\r\.
-,=? [\ ot ---t Stlb.
D D t, .__- t\ C$r'ap. o(- !uh,
'\Dt6l -----. un ir.l
l
Irot
l--1,.\_,
Suw.
It \^.4A rto c.o-\\%' Resutt fl1
-ve
'1D aef aCJuJ Va-L^c- .(-o.K-o 2-S a.( SuVt^
Cornnp,
z's qoM?+ b+
f.+ru
t\o1 s c)D(0+\ = oO(1,
.r IiO\O"-l\Ol" * *onli:l
 \
qs
o. dec.iwroJ nu,tnbeY caM
qo\AP(qlY\aut oe
\o1 -t-t,\o tVauiwg eqclr d*gtt €rsrnn q
= trq o\otoiwq6 Su.\o'

- q' s cowrP' o$ a3,o i s

tD
Er.
rt
qq
*+3
,.,

I
qs counotqvnenr gt-lVrt{qttrgn :-
VJ.J.I irrrstq-qd
!-
I ts cor[\phlMe-vu
Ru\er -:SqwrQ o's
I
o( IS cosoptAlN^g^^l to.tlt Cs eo$$'PQJ.^^a^^l '

S.. () *3,o t 16,o

<
26 =) Su.b.
q9
+B __, V\1i\ .
-E
- 2_6

+ 3 -) q's aouYlP' o( Sub.

\GZ
us, tul/U
C4\\S' qu\N\
\l

tt \qg c-a\\\ '

Resut\ is +ve

To te* o-cluo0 VoXr,-o odd ' Co-\\

\
-to S..NVI

4a
.l
Qlto
-=e' 13,o- 26to
E&ii.o = Q?ro

tii) ?6 to t] ro

€.Jo.l',' 2G :-> ,rn\\

f3 --) S,.ilo,

e9
+3
-26 --' q's CovYtP. o€ Sub,

. 9c
_2-6. *
5>
 tt \r.og <axY$ ^ QeSutt is rvn,.
To tQ-t o.c+uo_l ua-0J.roJ To.t4a- q's covYrP ' o( Su'wr '

1q
-s:
(++ qts corrnp. og S2.

2G,o- *3,o = -4?,o

--e -

I
10 s c+qg[qvnqrnt : -

( o's Co.{\p. o ( A =- I's ccxrnp- o€ A + I

Sr^ s\rn d tb's cc:vnp. o ( a3ro '

qo$rrp. oR 23 o( a-R +
&o!'.- to's = q'S aDWp.

19
-L3
:++ -E,

o \o's co\o(\P. oR q3 = ++

t
tos co\mPb\.f\q\,\t Sq\otVqQt\g\n '-

Qu\qs Sqrnruq o-e l-'s subt\o.c*iGnn ColnrlpQl

^a/u^

bul* tqt<q tCjs es$np(qrJ\^Q^/fi f rnsre-qd oR z's qo$frP.

Ex'.' \5,o - \6,o

g 4s -+
t(= --,
wr\rn .

\qL\4,

tos co,,xttq . of
G\^np o,3 re t I
17
:J_6
= g3 + I s &-l
R\
i, gq :, \oS
I
tcltvrp ' o( \trb ,

(s -+ UNr,r '

12
,&ta.r., 9
-
(4vvtd
- SuU
It \,\oq, Ca1yr6 . ,', Qqs,r-tt ?S * Ua' .

TCI Aef aC*u.oJ

. r,re-[.u!- lisccr-Ycl -+u.a- C91nil4 .

noo { Qs,^ - [6,^ = 9-9,", 'l

 t6ro* (S,o.'
t6 -) urrin'
. qS ---5 Su.ta' g9
Co$AP' o( (tS q's cornp. o€ qs + I -k s
\
" Sqtt s\
= Ssu.

\v ES --> rds cor.np. q( qS

tG -, rn\\
il
Su.rn.
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