Goyal’s \ | IIT Foundation Course a Ocme For Class 8Goyal’s IIT FOUNDATION COURSE PHYSICS | By | | V.K. Sally 4 Formerly Head of the Deptt. of Physics » St. Francis School, Amritsar (Punjab) NUT FOR SALE GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN New DelhiAhmedabad: Y-10, Isanpur, Chennai Guwahati Hyderabad : Kochi Kolkata Bengaluru Bhopal Lucknow Patna Nagpur GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHERS Sales & Registered Office : 11/1903, Chuna Mandi, Paharganj, New Delhi - 110055 ‘Post Box : 5720, Phones : 43551877 & 43561877 E-mail : [email protected] Website : www-goyal-books.com Administrative Office : D-231, Sector 63, Noida-201301 (UP) Phone : 0120-4655555 Showrooms : Dev Castle Complex Opp. Radhekrishan Villa, Jaymala-Govind Ahmedabad-382 443 (Gujarat) Tel : 09925004030 coed = No. 50/39 Ground Floor, Five Furlong Road Guindy, Chennai-600 032 (Tamil Nadu) Tel : 044-29530414, 044-29530874 + H. 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Nagar, Bhopal-462 011 (M.P), Tele-fax : 0755-4271371 + B-318, Sector-B, Mabanagar, Opposite P.A.C Main Gate, Lucknow - 226 006, Phone : 0522-2320841 + Ravi Kiran Apartment, Flat No. 2-A, Second floor, Near Water Pumping Station, Pani Tanki Lane, Pirmohani, Patna ~ 800003 Thakkar Villa, House No. 436 Joshiwadi, Sitabuldi, Nagpur ~ 440012 hone : 9823655077 PI To buy our books online log on to www.goyal ‘pooks.com © Reserved Edition : 2023 Price : % 265 Disclaimer Due care and digence has been taken while wing, eting and printing the book for any mistakes [Nelther the author nor the publishers ofthe book hold any responsiblity that may have inadvertently crept in Published & Printed by Roshan Lal Goyal for Goyal Brothers Prakashan, New Delhipreface the eries Goya's IIT Foundation Course ~ Physics for Classes 6 to 10 h to prepare the young ones desiring to get enrolled in enginesrne ven cenened completing their school education. The objective of these books is to horn ens, understanding the fundamental concepts, their applications and shoma c exceptional problem solving skills. This series will act as a platform for higher ee some of the distinctive features of this series are : e Textbook and Practice Material for solid scientific foundation in the form of a single bool + Basic Concepts presented clearly and precisely to improve understanding and reasoning. + Plenty of Solved and Unsolved Numerical Problems with Answers. ‘+ Misconceptions and their explanations. «Assignments for Practice. + Unique original problems. * Objective and Subjective Questions in each chapter. + Adjustable matter to suit any school syllabus/competitive examination. © Caters to all spectrum of students, from the average to the brightest. Schools and students can buy these books as additional/supplement to their textbooks and cover them during the school hours or outside the regular school hours. It is hoped that this series will be highly beneficial for the students who are targetting the Engineering Entrance Examination. Suggestions and notices of errors, if any, for the improvement of the books are most welcome. — AuthorCHAPTER 1 ; 424 Universe ; © Universe 1 ‘Study of Individual Planets 4 4 «The Moon 8 © Galaxy ws a © The Milky Way od * Constellations A © The Sun 2 + Comets 3 Solar System 2 e Meteors and Meteorites 3 ‘* Planets in the Solar System 2 . al Satellite fo : CHAPTER 2 cad Measurements # Introduction 1. 25 # System of Units = Physical Quantities Lief « Correct Measurement of Length ... 2! Need for Standard Units sc 326, * Measurement of Area : ba The Modern Measurement System ... 26 + Measurement of Volume . * Fundamental Physical Quantities ... 27 . Mass. and Weight = © Derived Physical Quantities wie * Density ‘CHAPTER 3 Kinematics 50-67 © What is Rest? 20:5 250 © Scalar and Vector Quantities 53 © What is Motion? 50 © Motion Equations a 57 * Numerical Problems 58 CHAPTER 4 Laws of Motion, Centre of Gravity and Stability of Bodies 68-88 * Force in Our Life 6B » Newton's Third Law of Motion... 72 # Effects of Force 68 © Centre of Gravity (C.G.) 1 «Newton's First Law of Motion... 69 © Equilibrium BB @ Inertia 69 « Laws of Conservation of Momentum ... 76 * Newton's Second Law of Motion ... 70 © Numerical Problems on Force and Momentum 7B* Particle Nature of Matter ‘+ Arrangement of the Molecules in Matter or Kinetic Theory of Matter * Forces of Cohesion and Adhesion Surface Tension * Formation of Meniscus in Liquids Contained in Narrow Vessels + Explanation of Liquid Pressure on Kinetic Model * Effect of Reducing the Volume of a Gas on Pressure in a Closed Vessel .. * Explanation of Conduction of Heat on Kinetic Model of Matter ¢ Introduction How Heat Energy Should be Measured? Introduction ‘Wave Motion © What is Sound? ‘+ Introduction «Rules for the Deviation of Rays in Another Optical Medium * Laws of Refraction + What is a Prism? «Refraction of Light through an Equilateral Prism «Refraction through Lens © Divergent Action of Concave Lens on Parallel Beam of Light CHAPTER'S More About Solids, Liquids and Gases Sonag 89 + Explanation of Convection of Heat cn Kinetic Model of Matter eo Pressure in Liquid ba on a 93 ae + Lateral Pressure ea ‘+ Liquids Seek their Own Level 96 2 ‘+ Atmospheric Pressure 96 ‘© Bernouill’s Principle and 92 Its Applications 99 y + Archimedes’ Principle and Law of Floatation 100 3 CHAPTER 6 Heat 114-130 aa © Advantages of High Specific Heat Capacity of Water 116 134 Change of State 16 ‘+ Evaporation us CHAPTER 7 Sound 131-150 131 © Electromagnetic Waves . 136 . 131 © Types of Elastic Waves 136 134 © Human Ear 140 CHAPTER 8 Light 151-176 151 ‘© General Definition for Lenses 155 ‘© Rules for Geometric Construction asi of Ray Diagrams for Convex and ee Concave Lens ae 483 «Geometrical Construction of Images for Concave Lens and 153 157 pea their Uses New Cartesian Sign Convention ic ase for Lenses* Lens Formula © Optical Instruments * Discovery of Magnet * Artificial amd Natural Magnets * Poles of a Magnet * Properties of Magnets Introduction Structure of Atom Rutherford’s Atomic Theory Conductors and Insulators Gold Leaf Electroscope (G.LE,) Introduction Electric Charge and Its Units Electric Current Units of Electric Current Electric Potential Positive, Negative and Zero Potential Potential Difference 158 = Human Eye 159 * Numerical Problems CHAPTER 9 | "a Magnetism 177-189, : 177 + Magnetic Compass 177 © Uses of Magnets 179 Magnetic Induction 1 181 ; CHAPTER 10 2 Static Electricity 190-207 190 ‘+ Charging @ Body by Conduction 1 190 * Charging a Body by Induction 14 192 Atmospheric Electricity 1 194 © Electric Field - 1 194 CHAPTER 11 Current Electricity 208 * Units of Potential Difference 209 * Electric Cell zu 209 * Electrical Resistance 212 209 © Series and Parallel Circuits 2u4 210 © Ohm's Law 2 * Combination of Resistances 210 © Electric Power 8 autse ae series Content Class 6 1. Fundamental Measurements 4, 2. Force, Work and Energy s. 3. Simple Machines Class 7 1. Measurements 4 Heat Energy 5. 3. Light 6. Class 8 1. Universe a 2. Measurements 7 3, Kinematics 8. 4. Laws of Motion, Centre of Gravity 9, and Stability of Bodies sh 5, More About Solids, Liquids and - Gases . Class 9 1. Measurement and Measuring 7: Instruments 8 2. Kinematics, Scalars and Vectors Fi 9. 3. Force and Laws of Motion . 10. 4. Moment of Force, Machines and. Friction 2 12. 5. Work, Energy and Power 6. Fluid Statics Water and Air Press Our Universe Sound Electricity Our Universe Heat Sound Light Magnetism Static Electricity Current Electricity ‘Thermometry and Thermal Expansion Calorimetry ‘Transmission of Heat Energy Light Blectrostaties Modern Physics