「P 牌」工作紙

F.4 #09 變分
中四級 數學

姓名︰ 班別︰ （ ） 日期︰

9.1A 正變(Direct Variation)

想一想

I. 若工作時薪為 $50，完成下表。

工作時數(x 小時) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

薪金($ y)

(a) 當工作時數(x 小時)增加時，薪金($ y)將會增加、減少還是維持不變？

‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ ‧‧‧‧‧‧‧
If y varies directly as x（ ）, varies directly =
directly proportional
then , .

1. Write an equation with a variation constant k to represent each of the following statements.

Statement Equation（variation constant k）

(a) y varies directly as x 2 .

(b) z is directly proportional to x.

(c) z  x3

(d) y2  x 1

The calorie of cheese (C kcal) varies directly

(e)
as its weight (W g).

Stopping distance (d m) of a car varies

(f)
directly as the square of its speed (p km/h).

The value of a diamond ($P) is directly

(g)
proportional to the cube of its weight (W g).

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2. Find the variation constant. Hence, express y in term of x.

(a) It is given that y varies directly as x. (b) It is given that y is directly

When x  3 , y  18 . proportional to x.When x  9 , y  3 .

比
6, 𝑦 = 6𝑥 ≡1
, 𝑦=
3
𝑥
3

(d) Given that y is directly proportional to

(c) Let y  x 2 , where x  0 .When
x  2 , y  12 . x . When x  4 , y  18 .

→
3, 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 ←
9, 𝑦 = 9√𝑥

(e) It is given that y varies directly as x 3 .

(f) Let y 2  x  1 .When x  15 , y  10 .
When x  2 , y  10 .

—
5
, 𝑦=
4 →←25, 𝑦 = √25(√𝑥 + 1)
5𝑥 3
4

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3. The cost $C of painting a ball varies directly as the square of its radius r cm. It is known
that the cost of painting a ball of radius 4 cm is $10.

(a) Find an equation connecting C and r.

(b) Find the cost of painting a ball of radius 8 cm

≡
(a) 𝐶 =
5𝑟 2
8

≡
(b) $40

4. The cost of making a medal with radius 50 mm is $1250. The cost of the medal varies
directly as the square of its radius. Find the cost of making a medal with radius 36 mm.

$648

5. The value $V of a crystal ball varies directly as the cube of its radius r cm. The value of a
crystal ball with radius 10 cm is $20 000. Find the value of a crystal ball with radius 15 cm.

→
$67 500

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6. The weight W kg of a metal circular rod varies directly as the square of its cross-section
radius r cm. It is known that when r = 2, W = 1. Find the cross-section radius of the rod if
its weight is 4 kg.

4 cm

5 （挑戰題）The cost of tablecloth of perimeter x m is $C. Suppose one part of C varies

directly as x and the other part varies directly as x 2 . When x  4 , C  96 .When x  5 ,
C  145 .

(a) Express C in terms of x.

(b) If the cost of tablecloth is $288, find its perimeter.

≈
(a) 𝐶 = 4𝑥 + 5𝑥 2

→
(b) 7.2 m

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 「P 牌」工作紙
F.4 #09 變分
中四級 數學

姓名︰ 班別︰ （ ） 日期︰

9.1B 正變(Direct Variation)

‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ ‧‧‧‧‧‧‧
If y varies directly as x（ ）,
% change =
then , .

1. Finish the following questions. (Correct to 3 significant figures if necessary.)

(a) Let y  x. If x is increased by 25%, (b) It is given that y varies directly as x. If
what is the percentage change in y? x is decreased by 15%, find the
percentage change in y.
∵ yx

Old value： y=

New value：

% change =

←
increased by 25% ←
decreased by 15%

(c) It is given that y varies directly as x.

(d) Let y  x. Find the percentage change
Find the percentage change in y when
in y when x is doubled.
x is increased by 30%.

→
increased by 30% increased by 100%

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 (e) y is directly proportional to x2. If x is (f) It is given that y  3 x . If x is
decreased by 50%, what is the
increased by 33.1%, find the
percentage change in y?
percentage change in y.

decreased by 75% ≡
increased by 10%

(g) y is directly proportional to the cube (h) It is given that Z varies directly as the
of x. Find the percentage change in y square root of u. Find the percentage
when x is increased by 20%. change in Z when u is decreased by
36%.

increased by 72.8% ←
decreased by 20%

2. The cost $C of blanket is directly proportional to its length x cm. If the length of blanket is
decreased by 20%, what is the percentage change of its cost?

decreased by 36%

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 「P 牌」工作紙
F.4 #09 變分
中四級 數學

姓名︰ 班別︰ （ ） 日期︰

9.2A 反變(Inverse Variation)

想一想

I. 圈出合理的答案。

(a) 溫習時間愈長，考試成績愈會（增加 / 減少）。

(b) 打機時間愈長，考試成績愈會（增加 / 減少）。

(c) 運動愈多，體重愈（重 / 輕）。

(d) 進食愈多，體重愈（重 / 輕）。

(e) 把 2 L 汽水平均分給一組人，人數愈多，每人分得汽水份量愈（多 / 少）。

‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ ‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧
If y varies inversely as x（ ）,

then , where .

1. Write an equation with a variation constant k to represent each of the following statements.

Statement Equation（variation constant k）

(a) y varies inversely as x 2 .

1
(b) z
x3

(c) z is inversely proportional to x.

1
(d) y2 
x 1

(e) B varies inversely as the cube root of A.

The price of computer $V varies inversely as

(f)
its age n year.

Light intensity I from a light varies inversely

(g)
as the square of the distance d from the light.
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2. Find the variation constant. Hence, express y in term of x.

(a) Given that y is inversely proportional (b) It is given that y varies inversely as x.
to x. When x  4 , y  28 . When x  3 , y  24 .

→
112, 𝑦 =
112
𝑥 ←
72, 𝑦 =
𝑥
72

1
(c) Let y  , where x  0 .When (d) y is inversely proportional to x 3 .
x2
When x  3 , y  7 .
x  2 , y  6.

≡
24, 𝑦 =
24
𝑥 2
←
189,
⼀
189
𝑦= 3
𝑥

1 (f) Given that y varies inversely as the

(e) Let y  , where x  0 . When
3
x square of x. When x  4 , y  2 .
x  8, y  6.

≡
12, 𝑦 =
12
3
√𝑥
32, 𝑦 =
32
𝑥2

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3. Base b cm of a parallelogram varies inversely as its height h cm. If the base of a
parallelogram is 50 cm, its height is 6 cm.

(a) Find an equation connecting h and b.

(b) Find the height of a parallelogram of base 75 cm.

≡
300
(a) 𝑏 =
ℎ

←
(b) 4 cm

4. 12 workers can finish a job in 48 days. Suppose all workers have the same efficiency and
the number of days d to finish the job varies inversely as the number of workers n. If there
are 16 workers, how many days are required to finish the job?

←
36 days

5. It is given that A varies inversely as ab2. If a  2 and b  3 , A  5 . A =

ab 2
A. B. 90ab2 .
90 .
18 90
C. D.
ab 2 . ab 2 .

6. （挑戰題）(HKDSE_2014_II_Q13) If z varies inversely as x and directly as the cube of y ,

which of the following must be constant?
A. xy 3 z B. x3 yz 3
y3 y
C. D. 3 3
xz x z
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