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Calculus Differentiability

The document discusses the concept of differentiability, defining it in terms of the existence of left and right hand derivatives at a point. It provides a specific example showing that the function f(x) = x^2 + 1 is both continuous and differentiable at x = 1. Additionally, it presents another function that is continuous at x = 0 but not differentiable there.

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9 views2 pages

Calculus Differentiability

The document discusses the concept of differentiability, defining it in terms of the existence of left and right hand derivatives at a point. It provides a specific example showing that the function f(x) = x^2 + 1 is both continuous and differentiable at x = 1. Additionally, it presents another function that is continuous at x = 0 but not differentiable there.

Uploaded by

ajtechrusreaz2893mk3s
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Differentiability

Definition:
From the definition of derivative we know that
f  x  h  f  x
f   x   lim
h 0 h
Now the derivative of f(x) at x = a is,
f a  h  f  a
f   a   lim
h 0 h
Also from the definition of limit we know that
f  a  h  f  a
lim
h 0 h
Will exist if both
f  a  h  f  a f a  h  f  a
lim and lim or both
h 0 h h 0 h
f a  h  f a f a  h  f a
lim and lim
h 0 h h 0 h
exist and equal to each other.
f a  h  f  a f a  h  f a
In this case both lim or lim is called the right hand
h 0 h h 0 h
f  a  h  f  a f a  h  f a
derivatives [R f   a  ], and lim or lim is called the left
h 0 h h 0 h
hand derivatives [L f   a  ] of the function f(x) at x = a.

Finally a function f(x) will be called differentiable (i.e., f   a  will be exist) at x = a if


both the right hand derivative R f   a  and the left hand derivative L f   a  will exist and
equal to each other. i.e.,
Rf   a   Lf   a 
f  a  h  f  a f a  h  f a
 lim  lim
h 0 h h 0 h
f a  h  f a f a  h  f a
or, lim  lim
h 0 h h 0 h
Problem:
Show that the function f  x   x 2  1 is continuous and differentiable at x = 1.
Solution:
1st case:
Continuity of f(x) at x = 1:

x 1 x 1 h
h 0
2

L.H.L. = lim f  x   lim  x 2  1  lim 1  h   1  1  1  2

R.H.L = lim f  x   lim  x  1  lim  1  h   1  1  1  2


2 2

x 1 x 1 h h 0

And f 1  12  1  2
So as lim f  x   lim f  x   f 1  2 , the function is continuous at x = 1.
x 1 x 1

2nd case:
Differentiability of f(x) at x = 1:
f  a  h  f  a
By the definition we know that: Rf   a   lim , so
h 0 h
f 1  h   f 1  1  h  1  2
2

Rf 1  lim
  lim
h 0 h h 0 h
2h  h 2
 lim  lim  2  h   2
h 0 h h 0

f 1  h   f 1 1 h 1  2
2

Lf  1  lim  lim


h 0 h h 0 h
2h  h 2
 lim  lim  2  h   2
h 0 h h 0

Since Rf  1  Lf  1  2 . So the function is differentiable at x = 1. Therefore the


function is continuous and differentiable at x = 1.

Problem:
Show that the following function
3  2 x when 3 2  x  0
f  x  
3  2 x when 0  x  3 2
is continuous at x = 0 but is not differentiable there.

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