ECE 2317: THEORY OF STRUCTURES IV

QUESTION 1 [20 MARKS]

Determine the smallest cross-sectional area A required for the members of the truss shown in
Figure 1, so that the horizontal deflection at joint D does not exceed 10mm. Use Castigliano’s
theorem method.

Figure 1
SOLUTION
REACTIONS
For real loads
∑ 𝑀𝐴 = 0
Clockwise moments
(100 × 4) + (50 × 3) = 550𝑘𝑁𝑚
Anticlockwise moments
𝑅𝐵 × 3 = 3𝑅𝐵

3𝑅𝐵 = 550,
550
𝑅𝐵 = = 183.333 𝑘𝑁 (𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑)
3
∑ 𝑀𝐵 = 0
Clockwise moments
(100 × 4) + (𝑅𝐴 × 3) = (3𝑅𝐴 + 400)𝑘𝑁𝑚
Anticlockwise moments
50 × 3 = 150

3𝑅𝐴 + 400 = 150,

250
𝑅𝐴 = − = −83.333 𝑘𝑁(𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑)
3

1
∑ 𝐻𝑥 = 0
𝐻𝐴 = −100𝑘𝑁 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡
REACTIONS
For P load
∑ 𝑀𝐴 = 0
Clockwise moments
(𝑃 × 4) = 4𝑃𝑘𝑁𝑚
Anticlockwise moments
𝑅𝐵 × 3 = 3𝑅𝐴

3𝑅𝐵 = 4𝑃,
4𝑃
𝑅𝐵 = 𝑘𝑁 (𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑)
3
∑ 𝑀𝐵 = 0
Clockwise moments
(𝑃 × 4) + (𝑅𝐴 × 3) = (3𝑅𝐴 + 4𝑃)𝑘𝑁𝑚
Anticlockwise moments
0

3𝑅𝐴 + 4𝑃 = 0,
4𝑃
𝑅𝐴 = 𝑘𝑁 (𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑)
3
∑ 𝐻𝑥 = 0
𝐻𝐴 = −𝑃𝑘𝑁 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡

N(P=0) For P
Joint C Joint C

∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0
100 + 𝐹𝐶𝑑 = 0 ∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0
FCD=-100kN(compression) 𝐹𝐶𝐷 = 0
FCD=0kN
∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0
50 + 𝐹𝐴𝐶 = 0 ∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0
FAC=-50kN(compression) 𝐹𝐴𝐶 = 0
FAC=0kN
Joint D Joint D

∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0 ∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0
𝐹𝐶𝐷 + 𝐹𝐴𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 0 𝐹𝐶𝐷 + 𝐹𝐴𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − 𝑃 = 0
3 3
−100 + 𝐹𝐴𝐷 5 = 0 𝐹𝐶𝐷 + 𝐹𝐴𝐷 5 = 𝑃
FAD=500/3=166.67kN(tension) 3
0 + 𝐹𝐴𝐷 5 = 𝑃

∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 5𝑃
𝐹𝐴𝐷 = tension
50 + 𝐹𝐴𝐷 sin 𝜃 + 𝐹𝐵𝐷 = 0 3

2
 500 4
50 + .
3 5
+ 𝐹𝐵𝐷 = 0
∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0
FBD=-550/3=-183.33 kN(compression)
𝐹𝐴𝐷 sin 𝜃 + 𝐹𝐵𝐷 = 0
4
𝐹𝐴𝐷 . + 𝐹𝐵𝐷 = 0
5
5𝑃 4
.
3 5
+ 𝐹𝐵𝐷 = 0

4𝑃
𝐹𝐵𝐷 = − 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛
3

Joint A Joint A
∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0 ∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0
𝐹𝐴𝐵 + 𝐹𝐴𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − 𝐻𝐴 = 0 𝐹𝐴𝐵 + 𝐹𝐴𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − 𝐻𝐴 = 0
500 3 3
𝐹𝐴𝐵 + 3 . 5 − 100 = 0 𝐹𝐴𝐵 + 𝐹𝐴𝐷. 5 − 𝐻𝐴 = 0
FAB=0kN 5𝑃 3
𝐹𝐴𝐵 + 3 . 5 − 𝑃 = 0
𝐹𝐴𝐵 = 0
J
Member N 𝛿𝑁 N(P=0) L(m) 𝜹𝑵
N(𝜹𝑷) L
𝛿𝑃
AB 0 0 0 3 0
AD 500 5𝑃 5/3 500/3 5 12500/9
+
3 3
AC -50 0 -50 4 0
CD -100 0 -100 3 0
550 4𝑃 -4/3 -550/3 4 8800/9
BD -
3
−
3
TOTAL 7100/3

SOLVING FOR A,
E=constant
∆𝐷𝐻 = 10𝑚𝑚 = 0.01𝑚
𝛿𝑁 𝐿 7100/3
∆𝐷𝐻 = 0.01 = ∑ ( 𝛿𝑃 ) 𝐴𝐸 = 𝐴𝐸 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
A=4.225 mm2

3
QUESTION 2 [20 MARKS]
Determine by both virtual work method the deflection at point C of the beam shown in Figure 2

Figure 2
SOLUTION
REACTIONS
For Real loads
∑ 𝑀𝐴 = 0
Clockwise moments
(200 × 5) + (100 × 15) = 2500𝑘𝑁𝑚
Anticlockwise moments
𝑅𝐷 × 20 = 20𝑅𝐷

20𝑅𝐷 = 2500,
𝑅𝐷 = 125 𝑘𝑁 (𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑)
∑ 𝑀𝐷 = 0
Clockwise moments
(𝑅𝐴 × 20) = 20𝑅𝐴 𝑘𝑁𝑚
Anticlockwise moments
(200 × 15) + (100 × 5) = 3500𝑘𝑁𝑚
REACTIONS
For unit load
∑ 𝑀𝐴 = 0
Clockwise moments
(1 × 15) = 15𝑃𝑘𝑁𝑚
Anticlockwise moments
𝑅𝐷 × 20 = 20𝑅𝐷

20𝑅𝐷 = 15,
3
𝑅𝐷 = 𝑘𝑁 (𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑)
4
4
∑ 𝑀𝐷 = 0
Clockwise moments
(𝑅𝐴 × 20) = 20𝑅𝐴 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝐿 𝛿𝑀 𝑑𝑥
∆𝐶 =∫0 𝑀 (𝛿𝑃′) 𝐸𝐼
For segment AB

5
175 2 𝑑𝑥 7
∫ 𝑥 = = 0.012152
0 4 𝐸𝐼 576
For segment BC
15
25 2 𝑑𝑥 7
∫ (250𝑥 − 𝑥 ) = = 0.000203
5 4 𝐸𝐼 34560
For segment DC
5
375 2 𝑑𝑥 5
∫ 𝑥 = = 0.02604
0 4 𝐸𝐼 192
Total=0.038m

Anticlockwise moments
(1 × 5) = 5𝑘𝑁𝑚

20𝑅𝐴 = 5
1
𝑅𝐴 = 𝑘𝑁(𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑)
4
∑ 𝐻𝑥 = 0
𝐻𝐴 = 0
Seg. origin limits m M(P=0) 𝑚𝑀
AB A 0-5 1 175𝑥 175 2
𝑥 𝑥
4 4
BC A 5-15 1 175𝑥 − 200𝑥 + 1000 175 2
𝑥 𝑥 − 50𝑥 2 + 250𝑥
4 4
DC D 0-5 3 125𝑥 375 2
𝑥 𝑥
4 4

5
QUESTION 3 [20 MARKS]
Determine the slope and the displacement at the end C of the beam. Use the conjugate beam and
moment area method. E=200 GPa, I=70(106) mm4

SOLUTION
CONJUGATE BEAM METHOD

Real beam and conjugate beam are as shown in Fig a and b, respectively

6
Referring
To figure to figure c
1 12𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 1 12𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 2
+ ∑ 𝑀𝐴 = 0; 𝐵 ′ 𝑦 (6 𝑚) + [ ( ) (6𝑚)] (3𝑚) − [ ( ) (6𝑚)] ( (6𝑚) = 0
2 𝐸𝐼 2 𝐸𝐼 3

12𝑘𝑁. 𝑚2
𝐵′𝑦 =
𝐸𝐼
By referring to D

6𝑘𝑁. 𝑚2 1 12𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
+ ∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0; 𝑉 ′ 𝐶 − − ( ) (3𝑚) = 0
𝐸𝐼 2 𝐸𝐼

′
24𝑘𝑁. 𝑚2 24(103 )𝑁. 𝑚2
𝜃𝐶 = 𝑉 𝐶 =− =− = −0.00171 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑠
𝐸𝐼 [200(109 )𝑁/𝑚2 ][70(10−6 )𝑚4

′
1 12𝑘𝑁. 𝑚2 2 6𝑘𝑁. 𝑚2
+ ∑ 𝑀𝐶 = 0; 𝑀 𝐶 +[ ( ) (3𝑚)] [ (3𝑚)] + ( ) (3𝑚) = 0
2 𝐸𝐼 3 𝐸𝐼

7
 ′
54𝑘𝑁. 𝑚3 54(103 )𝑁. 𝑚3
𝜃𝐶 = 𝑀 𝐶 =− == − = 0.00386𝑚 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑
𝐸𝐼 [200(109 )𝑁/𝑚2 ][70(10−6 )𝑚4
MOMENT AREA METHOD
Solution

Using the M/EI diagram and the elastic curve, theorem 1 and 2 give
1 12𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 1 12𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 18𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝜃𝐶 = ( ) (6𝑚) + (− ) (9𝑚) = − 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠
𝐴 2 𝐸𝐼 2 𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼

8
 1 12𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 1 12𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 1 36𝑘𝑁. 𝑚3
𝑡𝐵 = [ ( ) (6𝑚)] (3𝑚) + [ (− ) (6𝑚)] [ (6𝑚)] = − 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠
𝐴 2 𝐸𝐼 2 𝐸𝐼 3 𝐸𝐼
1 12𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 1 12𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 1
𝑡𝐶 = [ ( ) (6𝑚)] (6𝑚) + [ (− ) (6𝑚)] [3𝑚 + (6𝑚)]
𝐴 2 𝐸𝐼 2 𝐸𝐼 3
1 12𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 2
+ [ (− ) (3𝑚)] [ (3𝑚)] = 0
2 𝐸𝐼 3
Then
𝑡𝐵/𝐴 36𝑘𝑁. 𝑚3 6𝑘𝑁. 𝑚2
𝜃𝐴 = = /6𝑚 = − 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠
𝐿𝐴𝐵 𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
9 36𝑘𝑁. 𝑚3 54𝑘𝑁. 𝑚3
∆′ = ( )=
6 𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼

6𝑘𝑁. 𝑚2 18 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚2 24𝑘𝑁. 𝑚2

+𝜃𝐶 = 𝜃𝐴 + 𝜃𝐶/𝐴 = + =− 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
24(103 )𝑁. 𝑚2
= = 0.00171 𝑟𝑎𝑑
[200(109 )𝑁/𝑚2 ][70(10−6 )𝑚4
54𝑘𝑁. 𝑚3 54(103 )𝑁. 𝑚3
+∆𝐶 = ∆′ = = = 0.00386𝑚
𝐸𝐼 [200(109 )𝑁/𝑚2 ][70(10−6 )𝑚4

QUESTION 4 [20 MARKS]

Determine the reactions for the two-span continuous beam shown in the figure below by method
of least work. EI is constant.

9
Solution

The beam is supported by four reactions: degree of indeterminancy of the beam is equal to 1.
Select reaction BY to be the redundant; minimize the strain energy of the beam with respect to BY
The strain energy of a beam is subjected only to bending
𝐿
𝑀2
𝑈=∫ 𝑑𝑥
0 2𝐸𝐼
Principle of Least Work
𝐿
𝛿𝑈 𝛿𝑀 𝑀
=∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝛿𝐵𝑦 0 𝛿𝐵𝑦 𝐸𝐼

Express the reactions at support A and D of the beam in terms of redundant BY

Applying the three equilibrium equations, we write

+→ ∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0, 𝐹𝑥 = 0

+ ∑ 𝑀𝐷 = 0,

10
 −𝐴𝑦 (20) + 30(10)(15)−𝐵𝑦 (10) + 80(5) = 0, 𝐴𝑦 = 245 − 0.5𝐵𝑦

+↑ ∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0

(245 − 0.5𝐵𝑦 ) − 30(10)−𝐵𝑦 − 80 + 𝐷𝑦 = 0, 𝐷𝑦 = 135 − 0.5𝐵𝑦

To determine the bending moment, M, the beam is divided into three segment, AB, BC, and CD.
The x coordinates are as shown

11
 Segment Origin Limits M 𝛿𝑀
𝛿𝐵𝑦
AB A 0-10 (245-0.5𝐵𝑦 )x-15x2 -0.5x
DC D 0-5 (135-0.5𝐵𝑦 )x -0.5x
CB D 5-10 (135-0.5𝐵𝑦 )𝑥 − 80(x- -0.5x
5)

1 10 1 5
= ∫ (−0.5𝑥)(245𝑥 − 0.5𝐵𝑦 𝑥 − 15𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 + ∫ (−0.5𝑥)(135𝑥 − 0.5𝐵𝑦 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝐸𝐼 0 𝐸𝐼 0
10
1
+ ∫ (−0.5𝑥)(55𝑥 − 0.5𝐵𝑦 𝑥 + 400)𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝐸𝐼 5
By intergrating, we obtain
−40416.667 + 166.667𝐵𝑦 = 0, 𝐵𝑦 = 242.5 𝑘𝑁

Substituting
𝐴𝑦 = 123.75 𝑘𝑁

𝐷𝑦 = 13.75 𝑘𝑁

QUESTION 5 [20 MARKS]

Determine the vertical displacement of joint D. use the Castigliano’s theorem. Assume the
members are pin connected at their ends. A=400mm2, E=200 Gpa.

Solutions
Virtual forces

12
Real forces

Member N(kN) δN/ δP N(P=0) kN L(m) 𝛿𝑁

𝑁 (𝛿𝑁) 𝐿
(kN-m)

AB 0.666P+10.0 0.6667 10 4 26.667

BC 0.6667P+10.0 0.6667 10 4 26.667
AD - -0.8333 -12.5 5 52.083
(0.8333P+12.5)
BD 15.0 0 15 3 0
CD - -0.8333 -12.5 5 52.083
(0.8333P+12.5)
CE 0.5P+27.5 0.5 27.5 3 41.25
DE 0 0 0 4 0
𝛿𝑁 198.75
TOTAL=∑ 𝑁 (𝛿𝑁) 𝐿

13
 𝛿𝑁
∆𝐷𝑣 = ∑ 𝑁 ( ) 𝐿/(𝐴𝐸)
𝛿𝑁
198.75 × 103
∆𝐷𝑣 = = 0.00248 𝑚
400 × 10−6 × 200 × 109
QUESTION 6 [20 MARKS]
Determine the slope and displacement at point B. EI is constant. Use the method of virtual work.
E=200Gpa, I=150(106)mm4

Solution
Virtual moment

Real moment

14
Slope
𝐿 3𝑚 (−1)[−150𝑥 2
𝑚𝑀 + 400𝑥)]
1𝑁. 𝑚. 𝜃𝐵 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
0 𝐸𝐼 0 𝐸𝐼

𝐿 3𝑚 (−1)[−150𝑥 2
𝑚𝑀 + 400𝑥)]
1𝑁. 𝑚. 𝜃𝐵 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
0 𝐸𝐼 0 𝐸𝐼
3150𝑁. 𝑚2
. 𝜃𝐵 = = 0.000105𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠
200 × 109 × 150 × 106 × 10−12

Displacement
𝐿 3𝑚 (−𝑥)[−150𝑥 2
𝑚𝑀 + 400𝑥)]
1𝑁. ∆𝐵 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
0 𝐸𝐼 0 𝐸𝐼

𝐿 3𝑚 (−𝑥)[−150𝑥 2
𝑚𝑀 + 400𝑥)]
1𝑁. ∆𝐵 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
0 𝐸𝐼 0 𝐸𝐼
6637.5𝑁. 𝑚3
∆𝐵 = = 0.000221𝑚
200 × 109 × 150 × 106 × 10−12

15
QUESTION 7 [20 MARKS]
Determine the displacement at C and the slope at B. EI is constant. Use the moment-area theorem. E=200
GPa, I=70(106) mm4

Solution

16
Using the M/EI diagram and elastic curve
Theorem 1 and 2 give
the M/EI diagram and the elastic curve, theorem 1 and 2 give
12𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 18𝑘𝑁. 𝑚2
𝜃𝐵 = (− ) (1.5𝑚) =− 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠
𝐷 𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
12𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 1 1 13.5𝑘𝑁. 𝑚3
𝑡𝐵 = [(− ) (1.5𝑚)] [ (1.5𝑚)] [ (6𝑚)] = 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠
𝐷 𝐸𝐼 2 3 𝐸𝐼
12𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 1 1 12𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 2 103.5𝑘𝑁. 𝑚3
𝑡𝐶 = [(− ) (1.5𝑚)] [ (1.5𝑚) + 3𝑚] + [ (− ) (3𝑚)] [ (3𝑚)] =
𝐷 𝐸𝐼 2 2 𝐸𝐼 3 𝐸𝐼
Then

18𝑘𝑁. 𝑚2
𝜃𝐵 = |𝜃𝐵 | = 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠
𝐷 𝐸𝐼
103.5𝑘𝑁. 𝑚3 13.5𝑘𝑁. 𝑚3 90𝑘𝑁. 𝑚3
∆𝐶 = |𝑡𝐶 | − |𝑡𝐵 | = − =
𝐷 𝐷 𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
90(103 )𝑁. 𝑚3
= = 0.0045𝑚
[200(109 )𝑁/𝑚2 ][70(10−6 )𝑚4

17
QUESTION 8 [20 MARKS]
Determine the reactions for the beam shown in the figure below by the method of least work. EI is
constant

Solution
The beam is supported by four reactions. The equations of equilibrium three, so the beam is indeterminate
dot the first degree.

Let 𝐵𝑦 be the redundant

The magnitude of the redundant will be determined by minimizing the strain energy of the beam with
respect to 𝐵𝑦

The strain energy

𝐿
𝑀2
𝑈=∫ 𝑑𝑥
0 2𝐸𝐼

Principle of Least Work

18
 𝐿
𝛿𝑈 𝛿𝑀 𝑀
=∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝛿𝐵𝑦 0 𝛿𝐵𝑦 𝐸𝐼

Express the reactions at support A and D of the beam in terms of redundant BY

To determine the bending moment, M, the beam is divided into three segment, AB, BC, and CD.
The x coordinates are as shown

19
 Segment Origin Limits M 𝛿𝑀
𝛿𝐵𝑦
AB A 0-2 -5x 0
BC D 2-6 -5x-𝐵𝑦 (x-2) x-2
CD D 6-10 -5x+𝐵𝑦 (x-2)-30(x-6) x-2

Substituting

𝐿
𝛿𝑈 𝛿𝑀 𝑀
=∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝛿𝐵𝑦 0 𝛿𝐵𝑦 𝐸𝐼

1 2 1 6
= ∫ (−0.5𝑥)(0)𝑑𝑥 + ∫ (−5𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 2)) 𝑑𝑥
𝐸𝐼 0 𝐸𝐼 2
10
1
+ ∫ (−5𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 (𝑥 − 2) − 30(𝑥 − 6)(𝑥 − 2)) 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝐸𝐼 5

By integrating
−2773.327 + 170.66𝐵𝑦 = 0, 𝐵𝑦 = 16.25 𝑘𝑁

Substituting
𝐷𝑦 = 18,8 𝑘𝑁, 𝐷𝑥 = 0, 𝑀𝐷 = 40 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

QUESTION 9 [20 MARKS]

Use the virtual work method to determine the horizontal and vertical components of the deflection at joint B of the
truss shown below

20
SOLUTION
Reactions
Real system

REAL VIRTUAL
REACTIONS REACTIONS (1KN downward at B)
Ax=600kN- towards right Ax=2kN- towards right
Cy=375 kN- upwards Cy=1 kN- upwards
Cx=600kN-to the left Cx=2kN-to the left

Consider joint B Consider joint B

𝜃 = 26.57° 𝜃 = 26.57°
Horizontal force=0 Horizontal force=0
FAB+FDBCos26.57=0 FAB+FDBCos26.57=0
Vertical force=0 Vertical force=0
FDBsin26.57=225, FDB=503.03kN(T), FDBsin26.57=1, FDB=2.24kN(T),
FAB=-449.9Kn(C) FAB=-2Kn(C)

Consider joint A Consider joint A

𝜃 = 26.57°, 𝜃 = 26.57°,
Horizontal force=0 Horizontal force=0
FAB+FADcos26.57+600=0, FAD=- FAB+FADcos26.57+2=0, FAD=0Kn(C)
167.82Kn(C) Vertical force=0
Vertical force=0 FADsin26.57+FAC=0, FAC=0kN(T)
FADsin26.57+FAC=0,
FAC=75.1kN(T)

Consider joint C Consider joint C

𝜃 = 26.57°, 𝜃 = 26.57°,
Horizontal force=0 Horizontal force=0
FCDcos26.57-600=0, FCD=670.85Kn(T) FCDcos26.57-2=0, FCD=2.24Kn(T)

Member n N L EA (nNL)/EA
AB -2 -449.9 6 280000 0.0193
DB 2.24 503.03 3.354 280000 0.0135
CD 2.24 670.85 3.354 280000 0.018
AD 0 -167.82 3.354 182000 0
AC 0 75.1 3 182000 0
Total 0.0508

Vertical deflection= 0.0508m

21
QUESTION 10 [20 MARKS]
Use Castigliano’s theorem to determine the slope and deflection at point C of the beam shown

SOLUTION
Segments
AB-(0-2) from A
BC-(2-3.3) from A
CD-(3.3-5) From A
Deflection at C
Reactions
Ay=81.1+0.34P kN
Dy=97.9+0.66P kN
MAB=(81.1+0.34P)x-22*x*x/2=81.1x+0.34Px-22x2
MBC=(81.1+0.34P)x-22*2(x-1)=37.1x+0.34Px+44
MCD=(81.1+0.34P)x-22*2(x-1)-135(x-3.3)-P(x-3.3)=-97.9x-0.66Px+489.5+3.3P
𝐿
𝛿𝑀 𝑑𝑥
∆= ∫ 𝑀 ( )
0 𝛿𝑃′ 𝐸𝐼

𝛿𝑀 𝑀 𝛿𝑀 𝐿
Membe Limit M 𝛿𝑀 𝑑𝑥
r s 𝑀( ) ∫ 𝑀( )
𝛿𝑃 𝛿𝑃′ 0 𝛿𝑃′ 𝐸𝐼
AB 0-2 81.1x+0.34Px-22x2 0.34x 81.1x-22x2 27.574x2-7.48x3 43.6
BC 2-3.3 37.1x+0.34Px+44 0.34x 37.1x+44 12.614x2+14.96 169
x
CD 3.3-5 -97.9x- - - (-0.66x+3.3)( - 1269.8
0.66Px+489.5+3.3 0.66x+3. 97.9x+489. 97.9x+489.5)
P 3 5
Total 1482.4
1482.4
∆= = 0.017𝑚 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑
𝐸𝐼
Slope at C
antiClockwise M at C
Reactions
Ay=81.1-0.2m kN
Dy=97.9+0.2m kN
MAB=(81.1-0.2m)x-22*x*x/2=81.1x-0.2mx-22x2

22
 MBC=(81.1-0.2m)x-22*2(x-1)=37.1x-0.2mx+44
MCD=(81.1-0.2m)x-22*2(x-1)-135(x-3.3)+m=-97.9x+0.8mx+489.5
𝐿
𝛿𝑀 𝑑𝑥
∆= ∫ 𝑀 ( )
0 𝛿𝑃′ 𝐸𝐼

𝛿𝑀 𝑀 𝛿𝑀 𝐿
Member Limits M 𝛿𝑀 𝑑𝑥
𝑀( ) ∫ 𝑀( )
𝛿𝑚 𝛿𝑃′ 0 𝛿𝑃′ 𝐸𝐼
AB 0-2 81.1x-0.2mx-22x2 - 81.1x-22x2 -16.22x2+4.4x3 -25.65
0.2x
BC 2-3.3 37.1x-0.2mx+44 - 37.1x+44 -7.42x2-8.8x -99.41
0.2x

CD 3.3-5 -97.9x+0.8mx+489.5 0.8x -97.9x+489.5 -78.32x2+391.6x 437.6

Total 312.54
312.54
∆= = 0.003575 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠
𝐸𝐼

QUESTION 11 [20 MARKS]

Use the virtual work method or Castigliano to determine the horizontal deflection at joint C of the frame shown below.

Segments
AB-(0-10)
BC-(0-10)
CD-(0-10)

23
Virtual work
Deflection
Reactions
REAL VIRTUAL
REACTIONS REACTIONS
Ax=-20 to the left Ax=-1 to the left
Ay=-5 downward Ay=-1downward
Dy=35 upward Dy=1 upward

SEG ORIG LIMIT M m Mm 𝑙

MEN IN S ∫ 𝑚𝑀𝑑𝑥
T 0
2
AB A 0-10 -20x -1x 20x 6666.67
BC B 0-10 - -1*10+1*x (-200+5x+1.5x2)(- 7916.67
20*10+5x+3x2 10+1x)
/2
CD C 0-10 0 0 0 0
total 14583.34

14583.34
∆= = 0.18229𝑚
𝐸𝐼
Slope
Reactions
REAL VIRTUAL
REACTIONS REACTIONS
Ax=-20 to the left Ax=0 to the left
Ay=-5 downward Ay=-1/10downward
Dy=35 upward Dy=1/10 upward

SEG ORIG LIMIT M m Mm 𝑙

MEN IN S ∫ 𝑚𝑀𝑑𝑥
T 0
AB A 0-10 -20x 0 0 0
BC B 0-10 - 0+1/10*x (- -458.33
20*10+5x+3x2 200+5x+1.5x2)(1/1
/2 0x)
CD C 0-10 0 0 0 0
total -458.33

−458.33
∆= = 0.00572 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠
𝐸𝐼

Castiglianos
Deflection
Reactions
REAL
REACTIONS
Ax=-20-P to the left
Ay=-5-P downward
Dy=35+P upward

24
SEG ORIG LIMIT M 𝛿𝑀 M(P=0) 𝛿𝑀 𝑙
𝛿𝑀
MEN IN S 𝑀 ∫ 𝑀 𝑑𝑥
𝛿𝑃 𝛿𝑃 0 𝛿𝑃
T
AB A 0-10 -20x-Px -x -20x 20x2 6666.67
BC B 0-20 - -10+Px - (- 7916.67
20*10+5x+3x 20*10+5 200+5x+1.5x
2
/2-P*10+P*x x+3x2/2 2
)(-10+1x)
CD D 0-10 0 0 0 0 0
total 14583.34
14583.34
∆= = 0.18229
𝐸𝐼
SLOPE
Reactions
REAL
REACTIONS
Ax=-20to the left
Ay=-5-M/10 downward
Dy=35+M/10 upward

SEG ORIG LIMITS M 𝛿𝑀 M(P=0) 𝛿𝑀 𝑙

𝛿𝑀
MEN IN 𝑀 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝛿𝑀 𝛿𝑚 0 𝛿𝑚
T
AB A 0-10 -20x 0 -20x 0 0
BC B 0-20 - 1/10x - (- -458.33
20*10+5x 20*10+5 200+5x+1.5x
+3x2/2- x+3x2/2 2
)(1/10x)
+M/10*x
CD D 0-10 0 0 0 0 0
total 14583.34
458.33
∆= = 0.00572 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠
𝐸𝐼

25