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Notes for grade 9 on 4(b)

Nawab Abdul Latif transformed Hindu College into Presidency College to promote inclusivity and modern education for all communities. Hazi Muhammad Mohsin established Mohsin College to provide modern education to Muslims and support underprivileged students. The lack of unified leadership and diverse motives among rebels contributed to the failure of the 1857 War of Independence.

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15 views

Notes for grade 9 on 4(b)

Nawab Abdul Latif transformed Hindu College into Presidency College to promote inclusivity and modern education for all communities. Hazi Muhammad Mohsin established Mohsin College to provide modern education to Muslims and support underprivileged students. The lack of unified leadership and diverse motives among rebels contributed to the failure of the 1857 War of Independence.

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alvinaislam54
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• Why did Nawab Abdul Latif transform Hindu College into Presidency College?

•  To make higher education accessible to people of all religions


•  To promote modern Western education alongside traditional values
•  To reduce communal divisions and encourage unity through education
•  To prepare Indian youth to take part in administration, reform, and leadership

Assess the objectives that motivated Hazi Muhammad Mohsin to establish Mohsin College in Calcutta

1. Promoting Modern Education: He aimed to provide access to modern, secular education alongside
traditional Islamic learning to help Muslims advance in British India.
2. Supporting Underprivileged Students: He wanted to ensure that poor but meritorious students could
receive quality education regardless of their financial background.
3. Reviving Muslim Intellectualism: By founding the college, he hoped to nurture a new generation of
educated Muslims who could contribute to society and governance

State the reasons behind the establishment of the Anglo-Persian Department at Kolkata Madrasa.

 The Anglo-Persian Department was established to:


 blend traditional learning with modern skills,
 ease Muslim adaptation to British systems, and
 enhance their career opportunities and social status.

Why did Nawab Abdul Latif transform Hindu College into Presidency College?

 wanted to make the institution open to all communities—Hindus, Muslims, Christians, and others
 Renaming it Presidency College removed the religious label and made it more inclusive.

 wanted Presidency College to serve as a model institution for higher education throughout India.
 To create a secular and standardized institution that supported their colonial educational

Mangal Pandey’s role in War of Independence 1857

1. Spark of the Revolt:


o In March 1857, Mangal Pandey rebelled against his British officers at the Barrackpore
cantonment.
o He attacked British officers and encouraged fellow soldiers to rise up against British rule.
2. Reason for His Rebellion:
o The immediate cause was the introduction of new Enfield rifles, which required sepoys to bite
cartridges rumored to be greased with cow and pig fat—offensive to both Hindus and
Muslims.
o Pandey saw this as an attack on religious beliefs and a symbol of British disrespect toward
Indian culture.
3. His Execution:
o Mangal Pandey was arrested and executed by hanging on April 8, 1857.
oHis execution angered fellow sepoys and contributed to growing discontent, which erupted into
a full-scale revolt just weeks later in Meerut on May 10, 1857.
4. Legacy:
o Mangal Pandey is remembered as one of the first martyrs of the War of Independence.
o His bravery and resistance became a symbol of patriotism and inspired others to fight against
British colonialism.

📌 Summary:

Mangal Pandey played a crucial role as the initiator of the 1857 rebellion. His defiance of British authority
over the cartridge issue ignited a nationwide uprising and made him a national hero in India’s struggle for
independence.

How lack of common purpose lead to the defeat in war of independence (Also check in book)

Key Reasons:

1. No Unified Leadership
o The rebellion lacked a centralized command or coordinated strategy.
o Leaders like Bahadur Shah Zafar, Rani Lakshmibai, Tantia Tope, Nana Sahib, and others
fought separately in different regions without joint planning.
2. Different Motives
o Rebels had diverse goals: some fought for religious reasons, others for personal grievances, and
some for lost kingdoms.
o There was no single national aim, such as independence for a united India.
3. Local Focus of Revolts
o Most uprisings were regional and isolated, making it easier for the British to crush them one
by one.
o Some princely states, like Hyderabad and Kashmir, even supported the British.
4. Lack of Popular Support in Some Areas
o Many parts of India, particularly southern and eastern regions, remained largely unaffected
by the revolt.
o The absence of nationwide participation weakened the impact of the movement.
5. No Clear Vision for Post-British Rule
o The rebels didn’t present a clear or united alternative to British rule.
o Without a common future vision, it was hard to mobilize long-term support.

📌 Summary:
The War of Independence in 1857 failed largely because the rebels were divided by goals, geography, and
leadership. The absence of a unified national purpose allowed the British to defeat them through strategy,
force, and alliances.

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