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Number System_notes

The document explains various number systems including binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal, detailing their bases and symbols. It provides methods for converting numbers between these systems, including examples for conversions from decimal to binary, octal, and hexadecimal, as well as conversions in the opposite direction. Additionally, it outlines the processes for converting between binary, octal, and hexadecimal systems with specific examples for clarity.

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5 views

Number System_notes

The document explains various number systems including binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal, detailing their bases and symbols. It provides methods for converting numbers between these systems, including examples for conversions from decimal to binary, octal, and hexadecimal, as well as conversions in the opposite direction. Additionally, it outlines the processes for converting between binary, octal, and hexadecimal systems with specific examples for clarity.

Uploaded by

yogesharavindkumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Number System

Each number system has a base also called a Radix. A decimal number system is a
system of base 10; binary is a system of base 2; octal is a system of base 8; and
hexadecimal is a system of base 16.
S.no Number System Base Symbols or digits used
1 Binary 2 0,1
2 Octal 8 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
3 Decimal 10 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
4 Hexadecimal 16 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, A, B, C, D, E, F
where A = 10; B = 11; C = 12; D =
13; E = 14; F = 15

CONVERTING A NUMBER FROM DECIMAL TO OTHER NUMBER


SYSTEM
Decimal to Binary

Method to convert a Decimal number into its Binary equivalent

1. Divide the decimal number by 2.


2. Take the remainder and record it on the side.
3. Divide the quotient by 2.
4. REPEAT UNTIL the decimal number cannot be divided further. This division is
called as repeated division.
5. Record the remainders in reverse order and you get the resultant binary number.
Example:
Convert the Decimal number 125 into its Binary equivalent.
Number Method Quotient
125 Divide
125/2 62
62/2 31
31/2 15
15/2 7
7/2 3
3/2 1
1/2 0
Answer= (1111101)2
Convert the Decimal number 12345 into its binary equivalent.

Answer : (11000000111001)2

Decimal to Octal conversation:


The method to convert a decimal number into its octal equivalent:
1. Divide the decimal number by 8.
2. Take the remainder and record it on the side.
3. Divide the quotient by 8.
4. REPEAT UNTIL the decimal number cannot be divided further.
5. Record the remainders in reverse order and you get the resultant octal number

Example Convert (12345)10 to octal Number:

Answer (30071)8
Convert the Decimal number 125 into its Octal equivalent.
125 / 8 = 15 5
15 / 8 = 1 7
1/8=0 1
Answer: (175)8

Decimal to Hexadecimal conversation:


The method to convert a decimal number into its hexadecimal equivalent:
1. Divide the decimal number by 16.
2. Take the remainder and record it on the side.
3. Divide the quotient by 16.
4. REPEAT UNTIL the decimal number cannot be divided further.
5. Record the remainders in reverse order and you get the resultant hexadecimal
number
Example
Convert the Decimal number 12345 into its hexadecimal equivalent

Answer: (3039)16

Convert the Decimal number 300 into its hexadecimal equivalent.


300 / 16 = 18 12 equivalent to C
18 / 16 = 1 2
1 / 16 = 0 1
Answer: (12C)16
CONVERTING A NUMBER FROM BINARY TO OTHER NUMBER
SYSTEM
Convert Binary to decimal
Method to convert Binary to Decimal:
1. Start at the rightmost bit.
2. Take that bit and multiply by 2n where n is the current position beginning at 0
and increasing by 1 each time. This represents a power of two.
3. Sum each terms of product until all bits have been used.
Example:
Convert the Binary number 101011 to its Decimal equivalent.

1 x 25 + 0 x 24 + 1 x 23 + 0 x 22 + 1 x 21 + 1 x 20
32 + 0 + 8 + 0 +2 + 1 = (43)10
Binary fraction to decimal conversion
Example:
Convert (11011.101)2 to decimal
1 1 0 1 1 .1 0 1
= (1 x 24)+ (1 x 23)+ (0 x 22)+ (1 x 21)+ (1 x 20)+ (1 x 2-1)+ (0 x 2-2)+ (1 x 2-3)
= 16+8+0+2+1+0.5+0+0.125
= (27.625)10

Convert Binary to Octal

An easy way to convert from binary to octal is to group binary digits into sets of
three, starting with the least significant (rightmost) digits.
Binary :11100101

 11 100 101

 011 100 101

Pad the most significant digits with zeros if necessary to complete a group of
three.
Binary= 011 100 101
Octal = 3 4 5 = 345

Answer=(345)8

Convert Binary to Hexadecimal:

An easy way to convert from binary to hexadecimal is to group binary digits into
sets of four bits, starting with the least significant (rightmost) digits.

Example
Binary:11100101 =1110 0101

Binary= 1110 0101


Hexadecimal= E 5 =E5

Answer: E5 16
CONVERTING A NUMBER FROM OCTAL NUMBER TO OTHER
NUMBER SYSTEM
Method to convert Octal to Decimal:
1. Start at the rightmost bit.
2 . Take that bit and multiply by 8n where n is the current position beginning at 0
and increasing by 1 each time. This represents the power of 8.
3. Sum each of the product terms until all bits have been used.
Example:
Convert the Octal number 321 to its Decimal equivalent.
3 * 82 + 2 * 81 + 1 * 80
192+16+ 1 = (209)10
Octal fraction to decimal conversion:
Example:
Convert (23.25)8 to decimal
= (2 x 81)+ (3 x 80)+ (2 x 8-1)+ (5 x 8-2)
= (16 + 3 ) + (0.25 + 0.07812)
= (19.32812)10
Octal fraction to binary conversion:
To convert from octal to binary, we simply represent each octal digit in its 3 bit
binary form.
Example:
Convert the Octal number (742)8 to its Binary equivalent.
7|4|2
111 | 100 | 010
Answer: (111100010)2

Octal number to hexadecimal system:


To convert Octal to hexadecimal, convert each digit of Octal Number to it’s binary
equivalent and write them in 3 bits. Then, combine each 4 bit binary number and
that is
converted into hexadecimal.
Example:
Convert the Octal number (562)8 to its hexadecimal equivalent.
5|6|2
2425
101 | 110 | 010
0001 | 0111 | 0010
Answer: (172)16
CONVERTING A NUMBER FROM HEXA DECIMAL NUMBER TO
OTHER NUMBER SYSTEM
Hexadecimal to Decimal Conversion:
Method to convert Hexadecimal to Decimal:
1. Start at the rightmost bit.
2. Take that bit and multiply by 16n where n is the current position beginning at 0
and increasing by 1 each time. This represents a power of 16.
3. Sum each term of product until all bits have been used.
Example:
Convert the Hexadecimal number AB to its Decimal equivalent.
=A x161 + B x 160
=10 x 161 + 11 x 160
=160+11 = (171)10
Example:
Convert (1E.8C)16 to decimal
1E8C
= (1 x 161)+ (14 x 160)+ (8 x 16-1)+ (12 x 16-2)
= 16 + 14 + 0.5 + 0.04688
= (30.54688)10
HEXADECIMAL TO BINARY CONVERSION:
Method to convert a Hexadecimal number to its Binary equivalent is:
Convert each digit of Hexadecimal Number to its binary equivalent and write them
in
4 bits . Then, combine each 4 bit binary number and that is the resulting answer.
Example:
Convert the Hexadecimal number (10AF)16 to its Binary equivalent.
10AF
0001 | 0000 | 1010 | 1111
Answer: (0001000010101111)2
HEXADECIMAL TO OCTAL CONVERSION:

To convert Hexadecimal to Octal, Convert each digit of Hexadecimal Number to


it’s binary equivalent and write them in 4 bits. Then, combine each 3 bit binary
number and that is converted into octal.
Example:
Convert the Hexadecimal number (A42)16 to its Octal equivalent.
A|4|2
1010 | 0100 | 0010
101 | 001 | 000 | 010
Answer: (5102)8

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