2.

Islamic GK
Highlights:
Section 2.1: Chain and life of all famous Prophets mainly Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W)
Section 2.2: All important Wars and Warriors of Islam
Section 2.3: All Islamic Caliphates (Rashida, Ommaya, Abbasi, Ottoman) and Caliphs
Section 2.4: All famous Sahabas and personalities (scholars, scientists) in Islam
Section 2.5: All about Quran, Hadees and all other famous Islamic books
Section 2.6: Islamic months and Pillars
Section 2.7: All famous Islamic angels and places like mosques, caves, etc.
 Section 2.1: Chain and life of all famous Prophets mainly Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W)
Prophet’s In Born Preaching Miracles and Famous
Sr # Era Titles
Name Quran Place Place Unique Properties Relatives
1 Adam AS 1st 25 Abul Bashar 1st human - Father of humanity Wife – Hawwa (Eve)
Wisdom, Knowledge
2 Idrees AS 2nd 2 - Babylon - of writing and
astronomy
Mesopotamia Wife – not believed
3 Nuh AS 10k-20k BC 43 - - Built an Ark
(Iraq) Son – not believed
4 Hud AS 3k-4k BC 7 - Yemen Ad tribe -
Thamud
5 Saleh AS 2k-3k BC 9 - Saudi Arabia She-camel
tribe
Father – Azar/Terah
Protection from fire, Son 1 – Ismael from
Mesopotamia Iraq, Egypt,
6 Ibrahim AS 2k BC 69 Khalilullah Kaaba maker, Old- Hajra
(Iraq) Arabia
age son Son 2 – Ishaq from
Sarah in old age
Mesopotamia Sodom and Uncle – Ibrahim
7 Lut AS 2k BC 27 - -
(Iraq) Gomorrah Wife – not believed
Trial of sacrifice,
Father – Ibrahim
Canaan Zamzam, Kaaba
8 Ismael AS 1900 BC 12 Zabeehullah Mecca Mother – Hajra
(Palestine) maker, prophetic
Half-brother – Ishaq
lineage
Canaan
9 Ishaq AS 1900 BC 17 - - -
(Palestine)
Canaan 12 sons and called
10 Yaqub AS 1800 BC 16 - - Father – Ishaq
(Palestine) Israel
Beauty,
Canaan interpretation of Father – Yaqub
11 Yusuf AS 1700 BC 27 - Egypt
(Palestine) dreams, prisoner to Brother – Binya min
leader
 Madyan
12 Shuaib AS 1600 BC 11 - Jordan -
(Arabia)
Damascus Trials of health, Wife – known for her
13 Ayyub AS 1500 BC 4 - -
(Seriya) wealth and children patience
14 Dhul-kifl AS Contemptry 2 - Iraq - -
Father – Imran
Parted Red Sea, Brother – Harun
15 Musa AS 1200-1300 136 Kaleemullah Egypt -
Manna, Torah Foster-mother – Asiya
(wife of pharaoh)
16 Harun AS Contemptry 20 KhateebulAnbiya Egypt - -
Melodious voice,
17 Dawud AS 1000 BC 16 Khalifatullah Palestine - Zubur, defeated Son – Solomon
Jalut (Goliath)
Jerusalem Ruled on animals,
18 Solomon AS 950 BC 17 - - Father – Dawud
(Palestine) birds, Jinn, winds
19 Ilias AS 900 BC 2 - Palestine - -
20 Alayasa AS 850 BC 2 - Israel - -
21 Yunus AS 800 BC 4 - Nineveh - Swallowed by whale
Jerusalem Niece – Maryam
22 Zakariya AS 1 BC 7 - - Son in old age
(Palestine) Son – Yahya
Jerusalem
23 Yahya AS 1 BC 5 - - -
(Palestine)
Born without father,
healed the sick, sight Mother – Maryam
24 Isa AS 1 BC 25 Kalimatullah Palestine -
to blind, dead to life,
Bible
Last prophet, See family tree of
Muhammad 570-632 Habibullah /
25 4 Saudi Arabia - Quran, splitting of prophet Muhammad
SAW AD Rehmatulilalamin
moon, Miraj in the next page
 Family tree of Holy Prophet (S.A.W)
Sr # Uncles Aunts Wives Children Guardians Grands
Grandpa Abdul Paternal Grandfather:
1 Abu Talib (R.A) Safiyyah (R.A) Khadijah (R.A) Qasim (R.A)
Muttalib (R.A) Abdul Muttalib (R.A)
Abu Lahab Paternal Grandmother:
2 Atikah (R.A) Sawdah (R.A) Abdullah (R.A) Uncle Abu Talib (R.A)
(R.A) Fatima (R.A)
3 Hamza (R.A) Arwa (R.A) Aishah (R.A) Ibrahim from Maria Haleema Sadia (R.A) -
Maternal Grandfather:
4 Abbas (R.A) Umaymah (R.A) Hafsah (R.A) Zaynab (R.A) -
Wahab (R.A)
Maternal Grandmother:
5 Harith (R.A) Barrah (R.A) Zaynab (R.A) Ruqayyah (R.A) -
Barrah (R.A)
6 Zubair (R.A) Umm Hakim (R.A) Umm Salamah (R.A) Umm Kulthum (R.A) - -
Muqawwim
7 - Zaynab (R.A) Fatimah (R.A) - -
(R.A)
8 Dhirar (R.A) - Juwayriyyah (R.A) - - -
9 Quthum (R.A) - Umm Habibah (R.A) - - -
10 Ghaydaq (R.A) - Safiyyah (R.A) - - -
11 - Maymunah (R.A) - - -
Maria (R.A)
12 - - - - -
(Disputed)

Note:
Aishah (R.A) (3rd wife of holy prophet) was the daughter of Hazrat Abu Bakar (R.A)
Hafsah (R.A) (4rd wife of holy prophet) was the daughter of Hazrat Umar Bin Khattab (R.A)
 Section 2.2: All wars and warriors in Islam
Date of Place of
Names Reason for war No. of soldiers Leaders Impact of war
war war
Muslims Villain Muslims Villain
Quraysh wanted
to destroy the
growing Muslim 17th - First major victory of Islam.
Badr, a - Many Quraysh leaders,
community, while Ramadan,
valley Prophet including Abu Jahl, were killed.
Muslims aimed to 2 AH
Badr near 313 1000 Muhammad Abu Jahl - Strengthened the position of
intercept a (March
Medina, (S.A.W.) Muslims in Medina.
Quraysh caravan 13, 624
Arabia - Increased Muslim confidence
as compensation CE)
for their lost and fear among the enemies.
wealth in Mecca.
700 - Initially, Muslims were
(there winning, but due to archers
The Quraysh were disobeying orders, Quraysh
wanted revenge total 100 launched a counterattack.
for their defeat in Mount but 300 - Many Muslims were martyred,
the Battle of Badr Uhud, had left Prophet including Hazrat Hamza (R.A.),
and aimed to 3 AH / 625 Abu
Uhud near during 3000 Muhammad the Prophet’s uncle.
destroy the CE Sufiyan
Medina, war (S.A.W.) - The Prophet (S.A.W.) was
Muslim Arabia because injured, and false rumors
community in they spread about his martyrdom.
Medina. were - Quraysh considered it a
double- victory but failed to destroy
faced) Islam.
The Quraysh and - Muslims dug a trench around
Trench/ 5 AH / Medina, Prophet
allied tribes Abu Medina (suggested by Salman
Khandak/ 627 CE Arabia 3000 10,000 Muhammad
(Ahzab) wanted Sufiyan Farsi R.A.) which stopped
Ahzab (S.A.W.)
to destroy Islam enemy attacks.
 and Medina. - A strong windstorm scattered
Jewish tribe Banu the enemy forces.
Nadir played a - Banu Qurayzah, a Jewish tribe
key role in inside Medina, betrayed
forming the Muslims and were later
alliance against punished.
Muslims.
3 terms of treaty:
(1) The Muslims can offer Umrah next year
Treaty of Hudaibiya
(2) There will be no war upto 10 years b/w Mecca and Madina
(3) If any person goes from Mecca to Madina, he had to be return back
The Jewish tribes Khaybar, - Muslims successfully captured
of Khaybar had a series the fortresses of Khaybar, one
previously shown of of the last major Jewish
hostility toward fortresses strongholds in Arabia.
Muslims and had located in Yuhannas - The victory led to the
conspired with 7 AH / the Prophet
ibn Rafi, surrender of the Jewish tribes
Khayber the Quraysh. The 629 CE region 1400 10,000 Muhammad
the Jewish who were later allowed to stay
battle was fought north of (S.A.W.)
leaders in Khaybar, but they had to pay
to neutralize Medina a tribute (Jizya) to the Muslims.
their threat to the (present- - This victory paved the way for
Muslim day Saudi further Islamic expansion in the
community. Arabia) Arabian Peninsula.
A Muslim Initially - The Muslims, though vastly
messenger sent Mu'tah, Zaid ibn Emperor outnumbered, fought bravely.
to the Byzantine near Harithah Heraclius, - Three Muslim commanders
governor of 8 AH / (R.A.), then King (Zaid, Ja’far, Abdullah) were
Mut’ah modern- 3,000 200,000
Busra was killed 629 CE Ja’far ibn Shurahbil martyred.
day
by the Ghassanid Jordan Abi Talib of the - Khalid ibn Walid (R.A.) took
ruler (a (R.A.), then Ghassanids command, executed a brilliant
Byzantine ally). Abdullah strategic retreat, and saved the
 The battle was ibn Muslim army.
fought to Rawahah - This battle proved that
retaliate for this (R.A.), and Muslims could stand against
violation of finally the powerful Byzantine Empire.
diplomatic Khalid ibn
norms. Walid (R.A.)

The Quraysh - Mecca was conquered

violated the peacefully, as the Quraysh
Treaty of surrendered without significant
Hudaybiyyah by fighting.
attacking a 10th - The Prophet (S.A.W.) forgave
Muslim-allied Ramadan, Abu Sufyan
Conquest Mecca, No Prophet most of the Quraysh, including
tribe (Banu 8 AH / (who later
of Arabia 10,000 organized Muhammad his former enemies.
Khuza’ah). This January accepted
Makkah resistance (S.A.W.) - The idols inside the Kaaba
led the Muslims 630 CE Islam)
were destroyed, restoring the
to take action city to pure monotheism.
against Quraysh - Many Quraysh, including Abu
and reclaim Sufyan, Ikrimah, and Hind,
Mecca. accepted Islam.
After the - Initially, the Muslims were
Conquest of ambushed in the narrow valley
Mecca (630 CE), and suffered losses.
the tribes of 8 AH / - The Prophet (S.A.W.) and a
Hunain
Hawazin and 630 CE few companions stood firm,
Valley, Prophet
Thaqif saw Islam (Shortly Malik bin and Allah granted victory.
Hunain between 12,000 20,000 Muhammad
as a threat and after the ‘Awf - The Hawazin tribe
Mecca (S.A.W.
prepared to Conquest surrendered, and their captives
and Ta’if
attack the of Mecca) were later freed.
Muslims. The - The city of Ta’if remained
battle was fought hostile, but Islam continued to
to defend Islam spread.
 and secure
Arabia.
- The Romans retreated
Reports came that
without fighting, fearing
the Byzantine
Muslim strength.
Empire (Romans)
No battle - Several Arab Christian tribes
was preparing an 9AH/ (Byzantin Prophet allied with the Muslims
army to attack October
Tabuk Tabuk 30,000 es Muhammad Heraclius peacefully.
Muslims. The 630 CE retreated (S.A.W) - Hypocrites (Munafiqoon) in
Prophet (S.A.W.)
) Medina were exposed for
decided to march
refusing to join the expedition.
first to prevent
- Islam’s dominance extended
any invasion.
towards northern Arabia.
The Sassanid - A decisive Muslim victory,
Persian Empire despite being outnumbered.
opposed Islamic - Persian General Rustam was
expansion and killed, and the Persian army
refused peaceful Qadisiyya was crushed.
Sa’d ibn Abi Rustam
invitations to 14 AH/ h, near 100,000 – - The Muslims captured Iraq,
Qadsia 30,000 Waqqas Farrokhza
Islam. The battle 636 CE modern- 200,000 leading to the fall of the
(R.A) d
was fought to end day Iraq Sassanid Empire in later
Persian battles.
dominance over - The battle opened the way for
Iraq and secure Islamic expansion into Persia
Muslim control. (modern Iran).
Yarmouk - A decisive Muslim victory,
The Byzantine River, near Emperor despite being outnumbered.
Yarmouk Empire wanted to 15 AH/ present- Heraclius, - The Byzantine army was
(Battle of reclaim Greater 30,000 – Khalid ibn
August day 200,000 General completely crushed, forcing
the Syria, which had 40,000 Walid (R.A.)
636 CE Jordan- Theodore Heraclius to retreat from Syria.
century) come under Syria Trithyrius - The entire Levant (Syria,
Muslim rule. The border Jordan, Palestine, Lebanon)
 battle was fought came under Muslim rule.
to defend Islamic - This battle secured Muslim
expansion and control over key Byzantine
break Byzantine territories and paved the way
dominance in the for Islamic rule in the region.
region.

Famous warriors of Islam

Sr # Names Properties
1 Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W.) - Led multiple battles, including Badr, Uhud, Khaybar, and Hunain.
- Showed exceptional leadership, strategy, and mercy in warfare.
2 Hazrat Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (R.A.) - Led the Ridda Wars (Wars of Apostasy) after the Prophet’s (S.A.W.) passing.
- Played a crucial role in expanding Islam into Persia and Byzantine territories.
3 Hazrat Umar ibn Al-Khattab (R.A.) - Led the Muslim expansion into Persia, Byzantine Syria, and Egypt.
- Established strategic military governance for the Islamic state.
4 Hazrat Khalid ibn Walid (R.A.) – "The Sword of - Never lost a battle.
Allah" - Led Badr, Uhud, Mu'tah, Yarmouk, Qadisiyyah, and other key battles.
- Defeated both the Byzantine and Persian empires in multiple campaigns.
5 Hazrat Ali ibn Abi Talib (R.A.) - Known for unmatched bravery and swordsmanship.
- Played a vital role in Badr, Uhud, Khaybar, and other battles.
- Defeated the Jewish champion Marhab at the Battle of Khaybar.
6 Hazrat Sa’d ibn Abi Waqqas (R.A.) - Commander of the Muslim forces in the Battle of Qadisiyyah.
- Led the conquest of Persia and Iraq.
7 Hazrat Abu Ubaidah ibn Al-Jarrah (R.A.) - One of the main commanders against the Byzantines.
- Led the conquest of Syria and Jerusalem.
8 Hazrat Zubair ibn Al-Awwam (R.A.) - One of the ten promised Jannah.
- Fought in Badr, Uhud, and Yarmouk.
- Known for his fearlessness in battle.
9 Hazrat Tariq ibn Ziyad (R.A.) - Led the conquest of Spain (Andalus) in 711 CE.
 - Defeated the Visigothic Kingdom and established Islamic rule in Iberia.
10 Hazrat Salahuddin Ayyubi (Saladin) - Defeated the Crusaders and recaptured Jerusalem (1187 CE).
- Known for his justice, mercy, and military brilliance.
11 Sultan Mehmet II (Mehmet the Conqueror) - Conquered Constantinople in 1453 CE, ending the Byzantine Empire.
- Expanded the Ottoman Empire into Europe and Asia.
12 Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent - One of the most powerful Ottoman rulers.
- Led multiple victories against Europeans and Safavids.

Section 2.3: All Islamic Caliphates (Rashida, Ommaya, Abbasi, Ottoman) and Caliphs
Rashida Caliphate:
Sr # Name Time Periods
1 Hazrat Abu Bakar (R.A) 632 – 634 CE / 11 – 13 AH
2 Hazrat Umar Ibn Khattab (R.A) 634 – 644 CE / 14 – 23 AH
3 Hazrat Usman Ibn Afan (R.A) 644 – 656 CE / 24 – 35 AH
4 Hazrat Ali (R.A) 656 – 661 CE / 35 – 40 AH
5 Hazrat Hassan (R.A) 6 months in 661 CE
Total The sum of time periods of first four caliphs makes 29 years and 6 months and if we add the 6 months of Hazrat Hassan (R.A),
it becomes 30 years complete from 632 – 661 CE / 11 – 40 AH

Ruler with longest tenure:

Ruler with shortest tenure:

Ommaya Caliphate:
Sr # Name Time Periods
1 Muawiya I (R.A) 661 – 680 CE / 41 – 60 AH
 2 Yazid I 680 – 683 CE / 61 – 64 AH
3 Muawiya II (R.A) 683 – 684 CE / 64 – 65 AH
4 Marwan I 684 – 685 CE / 65 – 66 AH
5 Abd Al Malik (R.A) 685 – 705 CE / 66 – 86 AH
6 Al Walid I or Walid bin Malik (R.A) 705 – 715 CE / 86 – 96 AH
7 Suleiman (R.A) 715 – 717 CE / 96 – 99 AH
8 Umar II (R.A) 717 – 720 CE / 99 – 102 AH
9 Yazid II 720 – 724 CE / 102 – 105 AH
10 Hisham (R.A) 724 – 743 CE / 105 – 125 AH
11 Walid II (R.A) 743 – 744 CE / 125 – 126 AH
12 Yazid III 744 CE / 126 AH
13 Ibrahim (R.A) 744 CE / 126 AH
14 Marwan II (R.A) 744 – 750 CE / 126 – 132 AH
Total The total time period of Ommaya caliphate is 90 years from 661 – 750 CE / 41 – 132 AH and it comprises of 14 caliphs

Ruler with longest tenure:

Ruler with shortest tenure:

Abbasid Caliphate:
Sr # Name Time Periods
1 Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah 750 – 754 CE / 132 – 136 AH
2 Harun al-Rashid 786 – 809 CE / 170 – 193 AH
3 Al-Ma'mun 813 – 833 CE / 198 – 218 AH
4 Al-Mu'tasim 833 – 842 CE / 218 – 227 AH
5 Al-Nasir 1180 – 1225 CE / 576 – 622 AH
Total The total number of caliphs in Abbasid Caliphate is 35 and it lasts from 750 – 1258 CE / 132 – 656 AH

Ruler with longest tenure:

 Ruler with shortest tenure:

Ottoman Empire:
Sr # Name Time Periods
1 Mehmed II 1451 – 1481 CE / 855 – 886 AH
2 Selim I 1512 – 1520 CE / 918 – 926 AH
3 Suleiman the Magnificent 1520 – 1566 CE / 926 – 974 AH
4 Selim II (R.A) 1566 – 1574 CE / 974 – 982 AH
5 Murad III (R.A) 1574 – 1595 CE / 982 – 1003 AH
6 Mehmed III (R.A) 1595 – 1603 CE / 1003 – 1012 AH
7 Ahmed I (R.A) 1603 – 1617 CE / 1012 – 1026 AH
8 Mustafa I (R.A) 1617 – 1618 CE / 1026 – 1027 AH
9 Osman II (R.A) 1618 – 1622 CE / 1027 – 1031 AH
10 Mustafa I (R.A) 1622 – 1623 CE / 1031 – 1032 AH
11 Murad IV (R.A) 1623 – 1640 CE / 1032 – 1050 AH
12 Ibrahim I (R.A) 1640 – 1648 CE / 1050 – 1058 AH
13 Mehmed IV (R.A) 1648 – 1687 CE / 1058 – 1098 AH
14 Suleiman II (R.A) 1687 – 1691 CE / 1098 – 1104 AH
15 Ahmed II (R.A) 1691 – 1695 CE / 1104 – 1108 AH
16 Mustafa II (R.A) 1695 – 1703 CE / 1108 – 1115 AH
17 Ahmed III (R.A) 1703 – 1730 CE / 1115 – 1143 AH
18 Mahmud I (R.A) 1730 – 1754 CE / 1143 – 1167 AH
19 Osman III (R.A) 1754 – 1757 CE / 1167 – 1170 AH
20 Mustafa III (R.A) 1757 – 1774 CE / 1170 – 1188 AH
21 Abdulhamid I (R.A) 1774 – 1789 CE / 1188 – 1203 AH
23 Selim III (R.A) 1789 – 1807 CE / 1203 – 1222 AH
24 Mustafa IV (R.A) 1807 – 1808 CE / 1222 – 1223 AH
25 Mahmud II (R.A) 1808 – 1839 CE / 1223 – 1255 AH
26 Abdulmecid I (R.A) 1839 – 1861 CE / 1255 – 1277 AH
27 Abdulaziz (R.A) 1861 – 1876 CE / 1277 – 1293 AH
 28 Murad V (R.A) 1876 CE / 1293 AH
29 Abdulhamid II (R.A) 1876 – 1909 CE / 1293 – 1327 AH
30 Mehmed V (R.A) 1909 – 1918 CE / 1327 – 1336 AH
31 Mehmed VI (R.A) 1918 – 1924 CE / 1336 – 1342 AH
Total There was total 36 sultans of Ottoman Empire but the number of Caliphs is 28. The period of Ottoman Empire is 1299 – 1924
CE but the period of Ottoman Caliphate is 1517 – 1924 CE

Ruler with longest tenure:

Ruler with shortest tenure:

Longest Caliphate:
Shortest Caliphate:

Section 2.4: All famous Sahabas and personalities (scholars, scientists) in Islam
Famous personalities of Islam include:
1. Rightly guided Caliphs
2. Military leaders and conquerors
3. Islamic Scholars and Jurists
4. Scientists and Intellectuals
5. Sufi saints and spiritual leaders
6. Political leaders of modern era
7. The Ashra Mubashara
8. Scholars and Hadith Narrators
 9. Early Converts and Close Companions
10. Administrators and Governors
11. Martyrs of Islam

Sr # Category Names
Hazrat Abu Bakar (R.A)
Hazrat Umar Bin Khattab (R.A)
1 Rightly guided Caliphs
Hazrat Usman Bin Affan (R.A)
Hazrat Ali Ibn Talib (R.A)
Khalid bin Waleed (R.A.)
Salahuddin Ayyubi
2 Military leaders and conquerors
Muhammad bin Qasim
Sultan Mehmed II (The Conqueror)
Imam Abu Hanifa (R.A.) [699 – 767 CE] - Kufa, Iraq
Imam Malik (R.A.) [711 – 795 CE - Medina (Saudi Arabia)
3 Islamic Scholars and Jurists Imam Shafi'i (R.A.) [767 – 820 CE] - Egypt, Iraq, Makkah
Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal (R.A.) [780 – 855 CE] - Iraq (Mainly Baghdad)
Imam Al-Ghazali [1058 – 1111 CE] - Persia, Baghdad, Damascus
Al-Khwarizmi – Father of algebra
Ibn Sina (Avicenna) – Medicine and philosophy.
4 Scientists and Intellectuals Jabir ibn Hayyan – Father of chemistry
Al-Farabi – Philosophy and political science
Ibn Khaldun – Founder of historiography and sociology
Hazrat Abdul Qadir Jilani (R.A.) – Founder of Qadiri Sufi order
Jalaluddin Rumi – Famous Persian poet and mystic
5 Sufi Saints and Spiritual Leaders
Hazrat Data Ganj Bakhsh (R.A.) – Spread Islam in South Asia
Hazrat Bahauddin Naqshband – Founder of Naqshbandi Sufi order
Muhammad Ali Jinnah – Founder of Pakistan.
Political Leaders of Modern
6 Sultan Abdul Hamid II – Resisted European colonization.
History
Omar Mukhtar – Libyan resistance leader against Italian invasion.
 Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A.)
Hazrat Umar ibn Khattab (R.A.)
Hazrat Usman ibn Affan (R.A.)
Hazrat Ali ibn Abi Talib (R.A.)
Hazrat Talha ibn Ubaidullah (R.A.) – Brave warrior in the Battle of Uhud.
7 The Ashra Mubashshara
Hazrat Zubair ibn al-Awwam (R.A.) – Close relative of the Prophet, skilled fighter.
Hazrat Abdur Rahman ibn Awf (R.A.) – A great businessman and philanthropist.
Hazrat Sa’d ibn Abi Waqqas (R.A.) – Commander in the Battle of Qadisiyyah.
Hazrat Sa’id ibn Zayd (R.A.) – Early convert, strong supporter of Islam.
Hazrat Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah (R.A.) – One of the greatest Muslim generals.
Hazrat Abdullah ibn Abbas (R.A.) – Known as "The Scholar of the Ummah."
Hazrat Abdullah ibn Mas'ud (R.A.) – One of the best Quran reciters.
8 Scholars and Hadith Narrators
Hazrat Aisha bint Abu Bakr (R.A.) – Narrated over 2,000 Hadiths.
Hazrat Abu Hurairah (R.A.) – Narrated 5,374 Hadiths, most by any Sahabi.
Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A.) – First male convert.
Hazrat Khadijah bint Khuwaylid (R.A.) – First female converts, Prophet’s wife.
Early Converts and Close Hazrat Ali ibn Abi Talib (R.A.) – First child to accept Islam.
9
Companions Hazrat Bilal ibn Rabah (R.A.) – First Muezzin (caller to prayer), famous for his patience in
torture.
Hazrat Salman Farsi (R.A.) – Brought the idea of digging a trench in the Battle of Ahzab.
Hazrat Mu’awiyah ibn Abi Sufyan (R.A.) – Founder of the Umayyad Caliphate.
10 Administrators and Governors Hazrat Amr ibn al-As (R.A.) – Governor of Egypt.
Hazrat Abdullah ibn Umar (R.A.) – Judge and political advisor.
Hazrat Hamza ibn Abdul Muttalib (R.A.) – Martyred in Battle of Uhud.
Hazrat Mus'ab ibn Umair (R.A.) – First ambassador of Islam, martyred in Uhud.
11 Martyrs of Islam
Hazrat Sumayyah bint Khayyat (R.A.) – First female martyr in Islam.
Hazrat Yasir ibn Amir (R.A.) – Martyred for accepting Islam.
 Section 2.5: All about Quran, Hadees and all other famous Islamic books

Quran
Meaning "Recitation" Revelation period 610 CE – 632 CE (23 years)
Place of Revelation Makkah & Madinah Language Arabic
Number of Surahs Number of Ayahs 6,236 (without Bismillah) / 6,349 (with
114
(Chapters) (Verses) Bismillah)
Surah Al-Alaq (96:1-5) – "Read in the name Surah Al-Ma’idah (5:3) – "Today I have
First Revealed Verse Last Revealed Verse
of your Lord..." perfected your religion for you..."
Longest Surah Surah Al-Baqarah (286 Ayahs) Shortest Surah Surah Al-Kawthar (3 Ayahs)
Ayah 282 of Surah Al-Baqarah (Verse of Compilation of the First compilation: Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A.);
Longest Ayah
Debt) Quran Final standardization: Hazrat Usman (R.A.)
Written Form Preserved in Mushaf (written copies) Qira’at (Recitations) 10 recognized styles (e.g., Hafs, Warsh)
Monotheism (Tawheed), Prophethood, Books of Tafsir Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Tafsir Al-Jalalayn, Tafsir At-
Primary Themes
Afterlife (Akhirah), Laws, Morality (Exegesis) Tabari, Tafsir Al-Qurtubi
Al-Furqan (The Criterion), Al-Kitab (The
Other Names of Quran Book), An-Nur (The Light), Ash-Shifa (The Memorization Those who memorize it are called Hafiz
Cure)

Injeel
The word "Injeel" comes from Greek
Originally revealed in Aramaic (the language
Meaning "Evangelion", meaning "Good News" or Language
spoken by Isa A.S.).
"Gospel"
Revealed To Prophet Isa (A.S.) (Jesus Christ). Revealed By Allah
1. Teachings of Tawheed (Oneness of Allah).
Around the 1st century CE, during the
Time of Revelation Contents 2. Moral and ethical guidance.
lifetime of Prophet Isa (A.S.).
3. Miracles and wisdom of Isa (A.S.).
 4. Glad tidings of the coming of Prophet
Muhammad (S.A.W.).
The original Injeel is lost. The present-day The original Injeel has been lost or altered
Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John) in the over time. The Bible’s New Testament
Books Included Current Status
New Testament are altered versions with contains elements from it but is not the
human additions. unchanged divine revelation.
The Injeel is recognized in Islam as a divine
Followed by Christians, though the modern
book, but Muslims believe it was later
Relation to Islam Followers Bible is a compilation of different writings,
corrupted and replaced by the Quran as the
not the original Injeel.
final and unaltered revelation.
Mentioned in the Quran as a divine book
revealed to Isa (A.S.). However, Muslims
Significance in Islam
follow the Quran as the final and
unchanged guidance.

Dabur
The word "Dabur" means "book" or
"scripture" in Arabic. In Hebrew, it is
Meaning Language Originally revealed in Hebrew.
related to "Zimrah", meaning songs or
hymns.
Revealed To Prophet Dawood (A.S.) (David). Revealed By Allah
A collection of praises, supplications, songs,
Approximately 10th century BCE, during
Time of Revelation Contents and moral teachings, mainly glorifying Allah
the time of Prophet Dawood (A.S.).
and teaching wisdom.
The original Dabur has been lost or altered
Believed to correspond to the Psalms over time, and its exact teachings are no
Books Included (Tehillim) in the Bible, which contains 150 Current Status longer fully preserved. The Psalms in the
chapters of hymns and prayers. present-day Bible are believed to have parts
of the original Dabur, but with modifications.
The Dabur is recognized in Islam as a divine Mainly followed by Jews and Christians, as
Relation to Islam Followers
scripture, but Muslims believe it was not a the Psalms in the Old Testament. However,
 book of laws like the Torah or Quran, rather Islam acknowledges it as a divine revelation
a book of wisdom and worship. given to Dawood (A.S.).
Mentioned in the Quran as one of the books
revealed by Allah. However, Muslims follow
Significance in Islam
the Quran as the final and unchanged
guidance.

Torah
The word "Torah" means "instruction" or
Meaning Language Originally revealed in Hebrew.
"law" in Hebrew.
Revealed To Prophet Musa (A.S.) (Moses) Revealed By Allah
Approximately 1300–1200 BCE, during the Consists of laws, commandments, stories of
Time of Revelation Contents
time of Prophet Musa (A.S.). the Israelites, and historical events.
The Torah consists of five books (also
called the Pentateuch):
1. Genesis (Bereshit) – Creation of the
world, stories of prophets.
2. Exodus (Shemot) – Story of Musa (A.S.) The original Torah has been altered over
and the Israelites' escape from Egypt. time, and the present version in Judaism and
Books Included Current Status
3. Leviticus (Vayikra) – Laws and Christianity differs from the one revealed to
commandments. Musa (A.S.).
4. Numbers (Bamidbar) – History and
census of Israelites.
5. Deuteronomy (Devarim) – Final
speeches and laws given by Musa (A.S.).
The Torah is recognized in Islam as a divine
Mainly followed by Jews as their holy book,
scripture, but Muslims believe it was later
Relation to Islam Followers and also recognized in Christianity as part of
corrupted and replaced by the Quran as the
the Old Testament.
final revelation.
Significance in Islam Mentioned in the Quran as a revelation
from Allah, but Muslims follow the Quran
as the final and unchanged guidance.

Hadith

Book Name Compilers No. of Hadees Category Authenticity level Content Focus
Comprehensive collection of
7,275 (Including
Sahih Bukhari Imam Bukhari Sahih Highly Authentic authentic Hadiths on various
repetitions)
topics.
Similar to Sahih Bukhari,
7,563 (Including
Sahih Muslim Imam Muslim Sahih Highly Authentic focusing on authenticity and
repetitions)
coverage.
Authentic but with fewer Covers laws of the Islamic
Sunan Abu Dawood Abu Dawood 4,800 Sunan narrators compared to Bukhari community, daily life, and
and Muslim. worship.
Includes Hadiths on legal
4,000 (Including Authentic but has a higher
Jami' at-Tirmidhi Imam Tirmidhi Sunan rulings, virtues, and
repetitions) number of weak Hadiths.
eschatology.
Detailed discussion on Fiqh
Imam an- 5,700 (Including Authentic with a focus on the
Sunan an-Nasa'i Sunan (jurisprudence) and daily
Nasa'i repetitions) legal rulings of Hadith.
life.
4,000 (Including Contains both authentic and Focuses on the practical
Sunan Ibn Majah Ibn Majah Sunan
repetitions) weak Hadiths. aspects of Islamic life.
Highly Authentic (Contains Focuses on the legal opinions
Muwatta' Malik Imam Malik 1,720 Muwatta both Hadiths and the sayings and practices of the early
of companions) Islamic community.
 Musnad Ahmad Imam Ahmad 27,000 Musnad Includes a mix of authentic and A large compilation of
bin Hanbal weak Hadiths. Hadiths, arranged by
narrator.

Tafsir Books
Books Names Author Time Period
Tafsir Ibn Kathir Ibn Kathir 1301–1373 CE / 701–774 AH
Tafsir al-Tabari (Jami' al-Bayan) Imam Al-Tabari 839–923 CE / 224–310 AH

Section 2.6: Islamic months and Pillars

Islamic Months:
# Islamic Month Significance & Events
- Sacred Month (One of the 4 sacred months)
1 Muharram - 10th Muharram (Ashura): Martyrdom of Imam Hussain (R.A.)
- Start of the Islamic New Year
- Many historical Islamic events occurred
2 Safar
- Some consider it an unlucky month (Islam rejects this superstition)
3 Rabi' al-Awwal - Birth & passing of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) (12th Rabi' al-Awwal)
4 Rabi' al-Thani - No specific event, but significant in Islamic history
5 Jumada al-Awwal - Battle of Mut’ah (8 AH) where Hazrat Khalid bin Walid (R.A.) led the Muslim army
6 Jumada al-Thani - Passing of Hazrat Fatima (R.A.), daughter of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.)
- Sacred Month
7 Rajab
- 27th Rajab: Isra and Miraj (Night Journey & Ascension of Prophet Muhammad S.A.W.)
- 15th Sha'ban: Shab-e-Barat (Night of Forgiveness)
8 Sha'ban
- Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) used to fast frequently in this month
 - Most blessed month in Islam
- Fasting (Sawm) is obligatory
9 Ramadan
- Laylat al-Qadr (Night of Power) occurs in the last 10 nights
- The Quran was revealed in this month
- Eid-ul-Fitr is celebrated on 1st Shawwal
10 Shawwal
- 6 voluntary fasts after Ramadan are highly rewarded
- Sacred Month
11 Dhul-Qa'dah - One of the four sacred months where fighting was forbidden
- Preparation for Hajj begins
- Sacred Month
- Hajj (Pilgrimage) takes place
12 Dhul-Hijjah
- 9th Dhul-Hijjah: Day of Arafah (Most important day of Hajj)
- 10th Dhul-Hijjah: Eid-ul-Adha (Festival of Sacrifice)

Islamic Pillars:
# Name of Pillar Date of Orders
1 Shahada Early years of Prophethood (610-613 CE)
2 Salah During Isra and Mi'raj (621 CE)
3 Zakat Medinan period (624 CE)
4 Sawm 2nd year of Hijra (624 CE)
5 Hajj 9th year of Hijra (629 CE)

Section 2.7: All famous Islamic angels and places like mosques, caves, etc.
Famous Angels:
# Name Role
1 Jibreel (Gabriel) Messenger of Allah, responsible for delivering Allah's revelations to the prophets.
2 Mikail (Michael) Angel of mercy, responsible for providing sustenance, rain, and nourishment to Allah’s creatures.
3 Israfil (Raphael) Angel who blows the trumpet to signal the Day of Judgment.
4 Azrael (Malak al-Mawt) Angel of death, responsible for taking the souls of the deceased.
5 Malik Chief of the guardians of Hell (Jahannam), overseeing the punishment of the damned.
6 Raqib and Atid Two angels assigned to record a person’s good (Raqib) and bad (Atid) deeds.
7 Harut and Marut Two angels sent to test humanity in Babylon, known for teaching magic as a test.
8 Kiraman Katibin Two angels assigned to record the good and bad deeds of every human being.
9 Muqarrabun Angels who are closest to Allah, constantly in His presence, and worshipping Him.
10 Ridwan Guardian angel of Paradise (Jannah), responsible for welcoming the righteous into Heaven.
11 Nakir and Munkar Angels who question the deceased in their graves about their faith and deeds.

Famous Places:
# Place Significance
Kaaba (Makkah, Saudi The holiest site in Islam, located in the Masjid al-Haram, the direction of prayer (Qibla) for Muslims
1
Arabia) worldwide.
Al-Masjid al-Nabawi
2 The mosque built by the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.), housing his tomb. The second holiest site in Islam.
(Medina, Saudi Arabia)
Al-Aqsa Mosque The third holiest site in Islam, associated with the Night Journey (Isra and Mi'raj) of the Prophet
3
(Jerusalem, Palestine) Muhammad (S.A.W.).
Mount Arafat (Makkah, The site where the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) delivered his final sermon, and a key site for the Hajj
4
Saudi Arabia) pilgrimage.
Baitul Maqdis (Jerusalem, The location of the Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Dome of the Rock, important for both Islamic and historical
5
Palestine) reasons.
Jannat al-Baqi (Medina, A famous cemetery in Medina, where many companions of the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) and family
6
Saudi Arabia) members are buried.
Masjid al-Haram (Makkah,
7 The largest mosque in the world, surrounding the Kaaba, and the site of Hajj pilgrimage.
Saudi Arabia)
Masjid Quba (Medina,
8 The first mosque built in Islam, and it holds great historical significance.
Saudi Arabia)
Cave of Hira (Makkah,
9 The cave where the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) received the first revelation from Jibreel (Gabriel).
Saudi Arabia)
Cave of Thawr (Makkah, The cave where Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) and Abu Bakr (R.A.) hid during their migration (Hijrah) to
10
Saudi Arabia) Medina.
 Masjid al-Aqsa (Jerusalem, A significant mosque in Jerusalem that is the site of the Prophet Muhammad's (S.A.W.) Night Journey (Isra
11
Palestine) and Mi'raj).
Masjid al-Tabah (Medina,
12 A mosque located near the site of the Battle of Uhud, significant in Islamic history.
Saudi Arabia)
The Well of Zamzam
13 A sacred well located within the Masjid al-Haram, associated with Hagar and her son, Prophet Isma'il.
(Makkah, Saudi Arabia)
14 Kufa (Iraq) An important historical city, the site of the battle of Siffin and significant for early Islamic history.
A holy city for Shia Muslims, home to the shrine of Imam Ali (A.S.), the first cousin of Prophet Muhammad
15 Najaf (Iraq)
(S.A.W.) and the fourth caliph.
The site of the Battle of Karbala where Imam Hussain (A.S.) was martyred, a deeply significant event for
16 Karbala (Iraq)
Shia Muslims.