Catalog 0900P-7 Pneumatic Actuator Products

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Application
Engineering Data A
Product Selection Guide A2-A3

Product Index,
Virtual Engineer,
Engineering Data
Engineering Data
Fluids, Temperature Range and Warranty A4
Operating Principles and Construction A5
Push and Pull Forces A6
Mounting Information
Straight Line Force Transfer (Group 1) A7
Straight Line Force Transfer (Group 3) A8
Pivot Force Transfer (Group 2) A9

Product
Accessories A10

Index
Removable Trunnion Pins A10
Ports A11
Stroke Data & Adjusters – Tie Rod Supports... A12
Stop Tubing & Mounting Classes A13

Engineer
Virtual
Stroke Selection Chart A14
Deceleration Forces and Air Requirements A15
Cushion Rating and Air Requirements A16

Engineering
Air Requirements A17-A18

Data
NFPA Rod End Data & Piston Rods A19
Modifications, Special Assemblies, Tandem A20
Rotary Actuator
Torque Requirements A21-A23
Moments of Inertia A24
Basic Equations A25
Conversion Factors A26

A1 Parker Hannifin Corporation

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 Catalog 0900P-7 Pneumatic Actuator Products
Selection Guide Application Engineering Data

Bore Size

A
Catalog Section

1-1/16"

1-1/8"

1-1/4"

1-1/2"

1-3/4"

2-1/2"

3-1/4"

3-5/8"

4-1/2"
5/16"

7/16"

9/16"

3/4"

7/8"

10"

12"

14"
1"

2"

3"

4"

5"

6"

7"

8"
Cylinder Series

200mm
100mm

125mm

160mm
20mm

25mm

32mm

40mm

50mm

63mm

80mm
Engineering Data
Virtual Engineer,
Product Index,

10mm

12mm

16mm
6mm

8mm
4MA        
4MAJ Rodlock        
B - Tie Rod

ACVB Valve
      S S
Option
P1D         
P1F

SR            
Product
Index

SRM         
SRD     
C – Round Body

SRDM     
SRG     
Engineer

SRGM     
Virtual

SRX     
P1A     
P      
Engineering

D - Compact

LP        
Data

LPM        
F – Rodless

OSP-P        

P1X       

 = Inch Bore Size

 = Metric Bore Size
l = Standard
= Optional
R = Required
F = Fixed Cushions
E = End of Stroke Only
S = Special, Consult Factory

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Catalog 0900P-7 Pneumatic Actuator Products
Selection Guide Application Engineering Data

Catalog Section
End Cap Material

Pressure Range

Flexible Porting
# of Mountings

Piston Sensing
Double Acting
Cylinder Body

Adjustable Air
Single Acting
Construction
Cylinder Series

Cushions
Material

Option

Option

Product Index,
Virtual Engineer,
Engineering Data
(PSI)
NFPA Aluminum Aluminum 15 250 S l 4MA
NFPA Aluminum Aluminum 11 100 S l l 4MAJ Rodlock

B - Tie Rod
ACVB Valve
NFPA N/A N/A 17 145 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Option
ISO/VDMA Aluminum Aluminum 10 145 S l l P1D
P1F

Non-repairable Stainless Steel Aluminum 28 250 l l SR

Product
Index
Non-repairable Stainless Steel Aluminum 24 250 l l l SRM
Non-repairable Stainless Steel Acetal 2 100 S SRD

C – Round Body
l
Non-repairable Stainless Steel Acetal 2 100 S l l SRDM
Non-repairable Stainless Steel Stainless Steel 2 250 N/A l SRG

Engineer
Non-repairable Stainless Steel Stainless Steel 2 250 N/A l l SRGM

Virtual
Non-repairable Stainless Steel Aluminum 3 150 l l SRX
Non-repairable Stainless Steel Aluminum 4 145 l l P1A
Snap-Ring Aluminum Aluminum 4 150 l P

Engineering
Tie Rod

D - Compact
Aluminum Aluminum 6 250 l LP
Compact

Data
Tie Rod
Aluminum Aluminum 6 250 l l LPM
Compact

F – Rodless
Band-Type Aluminum Aluminum 11 120 l l l OSP-P

Band-Type Rodless Aluminum Aluminum 5 100 N/A l l l l P1X

 = Inch Bore Size

 = Metric Bore Size
l = Standard
= Optional
R = Required
F = Fixed Cushions
E = End of Stroke Only
S = Special, Consult Factory

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 Catalog 0900P-7 Pneumatic Actuator Products
Fluids, Temperature Range and Warranty Application Engineering Data
Operating Fluids and Temperature Range
Warning

A
Fluidpower cylinders are designed for use with pressurized air,
hydraulic oil and fire resistant fluids, in some cases special seals are The piston rod stud and the piston rod to piston threaded
required. connections are secured with an anaerobic adhesive which is
temperature sensitive. Cylinders specified with Class 5 seals
Standard Seals (class 1) are assembled with anaerobic adhesive having a maximum
Class 1 seals are what is normally provided in a cylinder unless temperature rating of 250°F (74°C). Cylinders specified with all other
Engineering Data
Virtual Engineer,
Product Index,

otherwise specified. They are intended for use with fluids such as: seal compounds are assembled with anaerobic adhesive having
air, nitrogen, mineral base hydraulic oil or MIL-H-5606 within the a maximum operating temperature rating 165°F (74°C). These
temperature range of -10°F (-23°C) to 165°F (74°C). Generally they temperature limitations are necessary to prevent the possible
are nitrile except for piston rod seals in hydraulic cylinders. However loosening of the threaded connections. Cylinders originally
the individual seals may be nitrile (Buna-N) enhanced polyurethane, manufactured with class 1 seals (Nitrile) that will be exposed to
polymyte, P.T.F.E. or filled P.T.F.E. ambient temperatures above 165°F (74°C) must be modified for
higher temperature service. Contact the factory immediately and
Water Base Fluid Seals (class 2)
arrange for the piston to rod and the stud to piston rod connections
Generally class 2 seals are intended for use with water base fluids to be properly re-assembled to withstand the higher temperature
within the temperature of -10°F (-23°C) to 165°F (74°C) except for service.
High Water Content Fluids (H.W.C.F.) in which case Class 6 seals
should be used. Typical water base fluids are: Water, Water-Glycol, Lipseal Pistons
Water-in Emulsion, Houghto-Safe 27, 620, 5040, Mobil Pyrogard D, Under most conditions lipseals provide the best all around service
Product
Index

Shell Irus 905, Ucon Hydrolube J-4. These seals are nitrile. Lipseal for pneumatic applications. Lipseals with a back-up washer are
will have polymyte or P.T.F.E. back-up washer when required. often used for hydraulic applications when virtually zero static
O-rings will have nitrile back-up washers when required. leakage is required. Lipseals will function properly in these
applications when used in conjunction with moderate hydraulic
Ethylene Propylene (E.P.R.) Seals (class 3)
pressures.
Class 3 seals are intended for use with some Phosphate Ester Fluids
between the temperatures of -10°F (-23°C) to 130°F (54°C). Typical Water Service
Engineer
Virtual

fluids compatible with E.P.R. seals are Skydrol 500 and 700. E.P.R. For pressures up to 400 PSIG, 4ML series cylinders can be modified
are Ethylene Propylene. Lipseals will have a P.T.F.E. back-up washer to make them more suitable for use with water as the operating
when required. O-rings will have EPR back-up washers when medium. Chrome plated 17-4 PH stainless steel piston rod is
required. Note: E.P.R. seals are not compatible with mineral base recommended to inhibit corrosion.
hydraulic oil or greases. Even limited exposure to these fluids will
Warranty
Engineering

cause severe swelling. P.T.F.E. back-up washer may not be suitable

when used in a radiation environment. Parker Hannifin will warrant cylinders modified for water or high
Data

water content fluid service to be free of defects in materials or

Low Temperature Nitrile Seals (class 4) workmanship, but cannot accept responsibility to premature failure
Class 4 seals are intended for low temperature service with the due to excessive wear due to lack of lubricity or where failure is
same type of fluids as used with Class 1 seals within the temperature caused by corrosion, electrolysis or mineral deposits within the
range of -50°F (-46°C) to 150°F (66°C). Lipseals will have leather, cylinder.
polymyte or P.T.F.E. back-up washers when required. O-rings will
have nitrile back-up washers when required. Non-Lubricated Air Cylinders
Cylinder series rated “Non-Lube” (such as 4MA, P1D, P1L, 2AN,
Fluorocarbon Seals (class 5) etc.) are recommended for non-lubricated air service. These
Class 5 seals are intended for elevated temperature service or for cylinders are originally lubricated at the factory and typically do
some Phosphate Ester Fluids such as Houghto-Safe 1010, 1055, not require any additional lubrication for most applications. Please
1120; Fyrquel 150, 220, 300, 350; Mobile Pyrogard 42, 43, 53, and note that the use of air-line oil lubricators will wash away the original
55. Note: In addition, class 5 seals can be used with fluids listed grease lubricant, so it must be continued until the cylinder is
below under standard service. However, they are not compatible serviced with the appropriate grease lubricant.
with Phosphate Ester Fluids such as Skydrols. Class 5 seals can
operate with a temperature range of -10°F (-23°C) to 250°F (121°C).
Class 5 seals may be operated to 400°F (204°C) with limited service Many of the terms and drawings in this Engineering Section (such
life, but please consult the [email protected] for possible as mounting styles) utilize 2A or 4MA Series cylinders as examples.
cylinder material changes. For temperatures above 250°F (120°C) Although the terms, designs and drawings for other product series
the cylinder must be manufactured with non-studded piston rod may be different, many basic principles apply. Please refer to these
and thread and a pinned piston to rod connection. Class 5 Lipseals individual product sections in this catalog for additional information.
will have P.T.F.E. back-up washers when required. O-rings will have
fluorocarbon back-up when required.
Class No. Typical Fluids Temperature Range
1 (Standard) (Nitrile Polyurethane) Air, Nitrogen, Hydraulic Oil, Mil-H-5606 Oil -10°F (-23°C) to 165°F (74°C)
2 Optional Water Base Fluid Seal Water, Water-Glycol, -10°F (-23°C) to 165°F (74°C)
Water-in-Oil Emulsion Houghto-Safe, 271, 620, 5040
Mobil Pyrogard D, Shell Irus 905
Ucon Hydrolube J-4
3 Special (E.P.R.) (At extra cost) Some Phosphate Ester Fluids -10°F (-23°C) to 130°F (54°C)
Note: (E.P.R.) seals are not compatible Skydrol 500, 7000
with Hydraulic Oil
4 Special (Nitrile) (At extra cost) Low Temperature Air or Hydraulic Oil -50°F (-46°C) to 150°F (66°C)
5 Optional (At extra cost) (Fluorocarbon Seals) High Temperature See above paragraph on fluorocarbon seals for
Houghto-Safe 1010, 1055, 1120 recommended temperature range.
Fyrquel 150, 220, 300, 550
Mobil Pyrogard 42,43,53,55
Note: Fluorocarbon seals are not suitable for use with Skydrol fluid, but can be used with hydraulic oil if desired

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Catalog 0900P-7 Pneumatic Actuator Products
Operating Principles and Construction Application Engineering Data
Fundamental Cylinders

A
Illustration B29
Standard Double-Acting Cylinders
Power stroke is in both directions and is used in the majority of
applications.

Product Index,
Virtual Engineer,
Engineering Data
Single-Acting Cylinders
When thrust is needed in only one direction, a single-acting
cylinder may be used. The inactive end is vented to atmosphere
through a breather/filter for pneumatic applications, or vented to
reservoir below the oil level in hydraulic application.
Double-Rod Cylinders
Used when equal displacement is needed on both sides of the
piston, or when it is mechanically advantageous to couple a
load to each end. The extra end can be used to mount cams for
operating limit switches, etc.

Product
Spring Return, Single-Acting Cylinders

Index
Usually limited to very small, short stroke cylinders used for
holding and clamping. The length needed to contain the return
spring makes them undesirable when a long stroke is needed.
Ram Type, Single-Acting Cylinders

Engineer
Containing only one fluid chamber, this type of cylinder is

Virtual
usually mounted vertically. The weight of the load retracts the
cylinder. They are sometimes know as “displacement cylinders”,
and are practical for long strokes.
Telescoping Cylinders

Engineering
Available with up to 4 or 5 sleeves; collapsed length is shorter

Data
than standard cylinders. Available either single or double-
acting, they are relatively expensive compared to standard
cylinders.
Tandem Cylinders
A tandem cylinder is made up of two cylinders mounted in
line with pistons connected by a common piston rod and rod
seals installed between the cylinders to permit double acting
operation of each. Tandem cylinders allow increased output
force when mounting width or height are restricted.
Duplex Cylinders
A duplex cylinder is made up of two cylinders mounted in line
with pistons not connected and with rod seals installed between
the cylinders to permit double acting operation of each.
Cylinders may be mounted with piston rod to piston (as shown)
or back to back and are generally used to provide three position
operation.

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 Catalog 0900P-7 Pneumatic Actuator Products
Push and Pull Forces Application Engineering Data
Calculation of Cylinder Forces – Inch Based Product

A Theoretical Push and Pull Forces for Pneumatic Cylinders

Push Force and Displacement

Engineering Data
Virtual Engineer,
Product Index,

Cylinder Push Stroke Force in Pounds at Various Pressures (PSI) Cu. Ft. Free Air at 80 lbs. Displacement
Cylinder Bore Piston Pressure, Required to Per Inch
Size (inch) Area (in2) 25 50 65 80 100 250 Move Max. Load 1 Inch of Stroke (ft3)
1-1/8 0.994 25 50 65 80 99 249 0.00371 0.0005751
1-1/2 1.767 44 88 115 142 177 443 0.00659 0.0010225
2 3.14 79 157 204 251 314 785 0.01171 0.0018171
2-1/2 4.91 123 245 319 393 491 1228 0.01830 0.0028414
3-1/4 8.30 208 415 540 664 830 2075 0.03093 0.0048032
4 12.57 314 628 817 1006 1257 3143 0.04685 0.0072743
5 19.64 491 982 1277 1571 1964 4910 0.07320 0.0113657
Product
Index

6 28.27 707 1414 1838 2262 2827 7068 0.10541 0.0163599

7 38.49 962 1924 2502 3079 3849 9623 0.14347 0.0222743
8 50.27 1257 2513 3268 4022 5027 12568 0.18740 0.0290914
Engineer
Virtual

Deductions for Pull Force and Displacement

Piston Rod Diameter Force In Pounds At Various Pressures (PSI)

To determine Cylinder Pull Force or Displacement, deduct the following Force or

Engineering

Displacement corresponding to Rod Size, from selected Push Stroke Force or Cu. Ft. Free Air at 80 lbs. Displacement
Displacement corresponding to Bore Size in table above.
Data

Piston Piston Pressure, Required to Per Inch

Rod Dia. (inch) Rod Area (in2) 25 50 65 80 100 250 Move Max. Load 1 Inch of Stroke (ft3)
3/8 0.110 3 6 7 9 11 28 0.00041 0.0000636
1/2 0.196 5 10 13 16 20 49 0.00073 0.0001134
5/8 0.307 8 15 20 25 31 77 0.00114 0.0001776
1 0.785 20 39 51 65 79 196 0.00293 0.0004542
1-3/8 1.49 37 75 97 119 149 373 0.00554 0.0008622
1-3/4 2.41 60 121 157 193 241 603 0.00897 0.0013946

General Formula
The cylinder output forces are derived from the formula: Free Air refers to normal atmospheric conditions of the air at
sea level (14.7 PSI). Use above cu. ft. free air required data to
compute CFM required from a compressor at 80 PSI. Cu. ft.
F = P x A of free air required at other pressures can be calculated using
Where F = Force in pounds. formula below.

P = Pressure at the cylinder in (P2 + 14.7) V2

pounds per square inch, gauge. V1 = 14.7
A = Effective area of cylinder piston
in square inches.
Where V1 = Free air consumption per inch of stroke
(cubic feet).
V2 = Cubic feet displaced per inch of stroke.
P2 = Gauge pressure required to move
maximum load.

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Catalog 0900P-7 Pneumatic Actuator Products
Mounting Information Application Engineering Data
Single rod type, fluid power cylinders are commonly available in 20 standard

A
mounting styles ranging from head or cap end mounts to intermediate mounts.
Many mounting styles are also available in double rod type cylinders. Refer to
NFPA Std. B93.15-1981 or Parker air or hydraulic cylinder catalogs for detailed
description.

Product Index,
Virtual Engineer,
Engineering Data
Standard mounting styles for fluid power cylinders fall into three basic groups.
The groups can be described as follows. Group 1
Group 1 – Straight line force transfer with fixed mounts which absorb force on
cylinder centerline.
Group 3 – Straight line force transfer with fixed mounts which do not absorb
force on cylinder centerline.
Group 2 – Pivot force transfer with pivot mounts which absorb force on Group 2
cylinder centerline and permit cylinder to change alignment in one plane.
Cylinder mounting directly affects the maximum pressure at which the fluid
power cylinder can be used, and proper selection of mounting style will have a

Product
bearing on cylinder operation and service life. Whether the cylinder is used in Group 3

Index
thrust or tension, its stroke length, piston rod diameter and the method of
connection to load also must be considered when selecting a mounting style.
Many pneumatic cylinders are offered for use with air pressure up to 250 PSI.
The industrial tie rod types, known as NFPA cylinders, with square heads and

Engineer
caps, plus mountings lend themselves to standardized mounts which are

Virtual
similar in appearance for air cylinders.

Tie rods extended head end,

Straight Line Force Transfer (Group 1)
Style TB

Engineering
Cylinders with fixed mounts (Group 1) which absorb the force on centerline are
considered the best for straight line force transfer. Tie rods extended, flange

Data
or centerline lug mounts are symmetrical and allow the thrust or tension forces
of the piston rod to be distributed uniformly about the cylinder centerline.
Mounting bolts are subjected to simple tension or simple shear without
compound forces, and when properly installed damaging cylinder bearing
sideloading is kept to a minimum.
Tie Rods Extended are considered to be of the centerline mount type. The Tie rods extended cap end,
cylinder tie rods are designed to withstand maximum rated internal pressure Style TC
and can be extended and used to mount the cylinder at cap or head end. This
often overlooked mounting will securely support the cylinder when bolted to
the panel or machine member to which the cylinder is mounted. The torque
value for the mounting nuts should be the same as the tie rod nut torque
recommended by the cylinder manufacturer. Cylinders are available with tie rod
extended both ends. In such applications one end is used for mounting and the
opposite end to support the cylinder or to attach other machine components.
Tie rods extended both ends,
Tie rod mount cylinders may be used to provide thrust or tension forces at full
rated pressures. Style TD
Tie rods extended head end (Style TB), cap end (Style TC) or extended both
ends (Style TD) are readily available and fully dimensioned in Parker cylinder J
product catalogs.
Flange Mount cylinders are also considered to be centerline mount type
and thus are among the best mounts for use on straight line force transfer
applications. The machine designer has a choice of mounting styles at each
end, such as head rectangular flange (Style J), head square flange (Style JB),
cap rectangular flange (Style H), and cap square flange (Style HB). Selection
of a flange mounting style depends, in part, upon whether the major force
applied to the load will result in compression (push) or tension (pull) stresses of JB
the cylinder piston rod. Cap end mounting styles are recommended for thrust
loads (push), while head end mounting styles are recommended where the
major load puts the piston rod in tension (pull).

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 Catalog 0900P-7 Pneumatic Actuator Products
Mounting Information Application Engineering Data
Flange mounts are best used when end face is mounted against the machine support

A
member. (Fig. 1) This is especially true where head rectangular flange type (Style J)
is used with major load in tension. In this mode, the flange is not subjected to flexure
or bending stresses, nor are the mounting bolts stressed to unusually high levels. Fig. 1
The use of head rectangular flange (Style J) mount with major load in compression
(see Fig. 2) is not recommended except on reduced pressure systems. The use of
Engineering Data
Virtual Engineer,
Product Index,

Style J mount in compression subjects the flange to bending and the mounting bolts
to tension stresses, which could result in early fatigue failure. For applications where Fig. 2
push forces require full rated system pressure, head square flange (Style JB) mounts
are recommended.
Cap flange mounts are also best used when end face is mounted against the
machine support member. The use of cap rectangular flange mount, Style H, is not
recommended on applications where the major load is in tension (pull) except at
reduced pressure.
For applications where pull forces involved require full rated system pressure, cap
square flange, Style HB mounts are recommended.
Product
Index

HB
Straight Line Force Transfer (Group 3)
Side Mount cylinders are considered to be fixed mounts which do not absorb H
force on their centerline. Cylinders of this group have mounting lugs connected
to the ends, and one style has side tapped holes for flush mounting. The plane of
Engineer
Virtual

their mounting surfaces is not through the centerline of the cylinder, and for this
reason side mounted cylinders produce a turning moment as the cylinder applies
force to the load. (Fig. 4) This turning moment tends to rotate the cylinder about its
mounting bolts. If the cylinder is not well secured to the machine member on which
it is mounted or the load is not well-guided, this turning moment results in side load
Engineering

applied to rod gland and piston bearings. To avoid this problem, side mount cylinders
Data

should be specified with a stroke length at least equal to the bore size.
Shorter stroke, large bore cylinders tend to sway on their mountings when subjected
to heavy loads, especially side end lug or side and angle mounts. (Fig. 5)
Side mount cylinders are available in several mounting styles, such as side lug
(Style C), Side tapped (Style F or TEF), side end lug (Style G) and side end angle C
(Style CB). Of these, the side lug mount its the most popular and reliable, since the
mounting lugs are part of the head and cap (4MA and 2A).
Side tapped mount is the choice when cylinders must be mounted side by side at L
minimum center-to-center distance. Another narrow side mount style is the side
end lug mount which has lugs threaded to the tie rods. Thus the end lugs serve a
dual function of holding the cylinder together and act as a means of mounting. This Fig. 4 H F

mounting style should be used only on medium- to light-duty applications, because

S1 a S2 b
the end lugs are subjected to compound stresses which could result in early failure. T

Fig. 5

G
CB

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Catalog 0900P-7 Pneumatic Actuator Products
Mounting Information Application Engineering Data
The side end angle mount is also a narrow mount type, but is the weakest of the side

A
mount styles. Its use should be limited to a maximum pressure of 150 PSI and minimum
stroke length of two times the bore size. For pressure rating of longer strokes, consult
the cylinder manufacturer.
Consideration should also be given to design of the machine frame used to support

Product Index,
Virtual Engineer,
Engineering Data
cylinders non-centerline mount, since stronger members are often required to resist
bending moments. (See Fig. 6)
Side mount cylinders depend wholly on the friction of their mounting surfaces in contact
with the machine member to absorb the force produced. Thus the torque applied to the
mounting bolts is an important consideration. Since the mounting bolts are the same W
diameter as the tie rods for a given cylinder, it is recommended that the torque applied
to the mounting bolts be the same as the tie rod torque recommended by the cylinder
manufacturer for the given bore size.
For heavy loads or high shock conditions, side mounted cylinders should be held
in place to prevent shifting by keying or pinning. A shear key, consisting of a plate Integral Key
FT
extending from side of cylinder, can be supplied on most cylinders. (Fig. 7) This method

Product
Index
may be used where a keyway can be milled into a machine member. It serves to take up
shear loads and also provides accurate alignment of the cylinder.
Side lug mounts are designed so as to allow dowel pins to be used to pin the cylinder to
the machine member. Pins, when used, are installed on both sides of the cylinder but
not at both ends. (See Fig. 8)

Engineer
Virtual
The use of a separate shear key is fairly common. It should be placed at the proper end
of the cylinder to absorb the major load. (see Fig. 9)
Side mount cylinders should not be pinned or keyed at both ends. Changes in
temperature and pressure under normal operating conditions cause the cylinder to

Engineering
increase (or decrease) in length from its installed length and therefore must be free
to expand and contract. If pinned or keyed at both ends, the advantages of cylinder

Data
elasticity in absorbing high shock loads will be lost. (Fig. 10)
If high shock loads are the major consideration, the cylinder should be mounted and
pins or shear key so located as to take full advantage of the cylinder’s inherent elasticity.
For major shock load in tension, locate key at rear face of head or pin the head in place.
For major shock load in thrust, pin cap in place or locate key at front face of cap.
Pivot Force Transfer (Group 2)
Cylinders with pivot mounts which absorb force on centerline should be used on
applications where the machine member to be moved travels in a curved path. There
are two basic ways to mount a cylinder so that it will pivot during the work cycle: clevis or
trunnion mounts, with variations of each. Pivot mount cylinders are available in cap fixed
clevis (Style BB), cap detachable clevis (Style BC), cap spherical bearing (Style SB),
head trunnion (Style D), cap trunnion (Style DB), and intermediate fixed trunnion (Style
DD).
Pivot mount cylinders can be used on tension (pull) or thrust (push) applications at full
rated pressure, except long stroke thrust cylinders are limited by piston rod column
strength. See Piston Rod Selection Chart on page A14.
Clevis or single ear mounts are usually an integral part of the cylinder cap (though one
style is detachable) and provide a single pivot point for mounting the cylinder. A pivot
pin of proper length and of sufficient diameter to withstand the maximum shear load
developed by the cylinder at rated operating pressure is included as a part of the clevis
Clevis Mount Cylinder
mount style. The fixed clevis mount, Style BB, is the most popular of the pivot force
transfer types and is used on applications where the piston rod end travels in a curved
path in one plane. It can be used vertically or horizontally or any angle in between. On
long stroke push applications it may be necessary to use a larger diameter piston rod Trunion
Mount
to prevent buckling or stop tube to minimize side loading due to “jackknife” action of Cylinder

cylinder in extended position. Fixed clevis mount cylinders will not function well if the
curved path of piston rod travel is other than one plane. Such an application results
in misalignment and causes the gland and piston bearing surfaces to be subjected to
unnecessary side loading. For applications where the piston rod will travel in a path
not more than 3° either side of the true plane motion, a cap spherical bearing mount is
recommended. A spherical bearing rod eye should be used at rod end. Most spherical
bearing mounts have limited pressure ratings. Consult cylinder manufacturer’s product
catalog.

A9 Parker Hannifin Corporation

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 Catalog 0900P-7 Pneumatic Actuator Products
Mounting Information Application Engineering Data
Cap detachable clevis mounts are usually used for air service. Cap detachable clevis
Spherical Bearing Mount
A
mounts are longer, centerline of pivot pin to shoulder of piston rod, than fixed clevis
mount in any given bore size. They are most often specified to avoid port relocation
charges. Application parameters are the same as described for fixed clevis mounting.
Trunnion mount cylinders are a second type of pivot mounts used on applications
Engineering Data
Virtual Engineer,
Product Index,

where the piston rod travels in a curved path in one plane. Three styles are available –
head trunnion (Style D), cap trunnion (Style DB) and intermediate fixed trunnion (Style
DD). Trunnion pins are designed for shear loads only and should not be subjected to
bending stresses. Pillow blocks, rigidly mounted with bearings at least as long as the Fig. 11
trunnion pins, should be used to minimize bending stresses. The support bearings
should be mounted as close to the head, cap or intermediate trunnion shoulder faces
as possible.
D
Cap end trunnion mounts are used on cylinder applications similar to fixed clevis
mounts, and the same application data applies.
Head trunnion mount cylinders can usually be specified with smaller diameter piston
rods than cylinders with pivot point at cap end or at an intermediate position. This
Product
Index

is evident in data shown in piston rod selection chart on page A14. On head end
trunnion mount, long stroke, cylinder applications consideration should be given to
the overhanding weight at cap end of cylinder. To keep trunnion bearing loading within
limits, stroke lengths should be not more than 5 times the bore size. If cylinder stroke is
greater than 5 times the bore size and piston speed exceeds DB
35 ft/minute, consult factory.
Engineer
Virtual

Intermediate fixed trunnion mount is the best of the trunnion mount types. The trunnion
can be located so as to balance the weight of the cylinder, or it can be located at any
point between the head or cap to suit the application. It is of fixed design, and the
location of the trunnion must be specified (XI dimension) at time of order. The location
Engineering

cannot be easily changed once manufactured.

Data

Thrust exerted by a pivot transfer cylinder working at an angle is proportional to the

angle of the lever arm which it operates. In Fig. 12 that vector force, T, which is at right
angle to the lever axis, is effective for turning the lever. The value of T varies with the DD
acute angle A between cylinder centerline and lever axes. To calculate effective thrust
T, multiply cylinder thrust by the power factor shown in table below.

Accessories
Rod clevises or rod knuckles are available for use with either fixed or pivot mount
cylinders. Such accessories are usually specified with pivot mount cylinders and are
used with pivot pin centerline in same axis as pivot pin centerline on cylinder. Pivot pins
for accessories must be ordered separately. Clevis Mount Cylinder T Effective
Thrust
Pin size of rod clevis or rod knuckle should be at least equal in diameter to the
pin diameter of the cap fixed clevis pin for the cylinder bore size specified. Larger F
Cylinder
accessories are more costly and usually result in a mismatch of pin diameters, Thrust
especially when used with oversize piston rods. Fig. 12 Angle (A)
Lever
Arm

Removable Trunnion Pins

Removable trunnion pins are a convenience when machine structures
or confined space prohibit the use of separate pillow blocks situated Power Factor Table
close to the cylinder sides. Angle A Pwr. Factor Angle A Pwr. Factor
Degrees (SIN A) Degrees (SIN A)
5 0.087 50 0.766
10 0.174 55 0.819
15 0.259 60 0.867
20 0.342 65 0.906
25 0.423 70 0.940
30 0.500 75 0.966
35 0.573 80 0.985
40 0.643 85 0.996
45 0.707 90 1.000

A10 Parker Hannifin Corporation

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Catalog 0900P-7 Pneumatic Actuator Products
Ports Application Engineering Data

Ports
Cylinder Port Options
Parker hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders can be supplied with
S.A.E. straight O-ring ports or N.P.T.F. pipe thread ports. For
the type of port recommended and port size, see respective
Option “T” SAE Straight Thread O-Ring Port.
Recommended for most hydraulic applications.
A
product catalogs. If specified on your order, extra ports can be Option “U” Conventional NPTF Ports (Dry-Seal Pipe

Product Index,
Virtual Engineer,
Engineering Data
provided on the sides of heads or caps that are not occupied by Threads). Recommended for pneumatic
mountings or cushion valve on all cylinders. applications only.

Standard port location is position 1 as shown on line drawings Option “R” BSPP Port (British Parallel Thread). ISO 228
in product catalog and Figure 1 below. Cushion adjustment port commonly used in Europe.
needle valves are at positions 2 and 4 (or 3), depending on Option “P” SAE Flange Pots Code 61.
mounting style. Heads or caps which do not have an integral Recommended for hydraulic applications
mounting can be rotated and assembled with ports at 90° or requiring larger port sizes.
180° from standard position. Mounting styles on which head Option “B” BSPT (British Tapered Thread).
or cap can be rotated at no extra charge are shown in Table A
below. To order, specify by position number. In such assemblies Option “G” Metric Straight Thread Port similar to Option
the cushion adjustment needle valves rotate accordingly, since “R” with metric thread. Popular in some

Product
their relationship with port position does not change. European applications.

Index
Option “Y” ISO-6149-1 Metric Straight Thread Port.
Figure 1 Recommended for all hydraulic applications
1 designed per ISO standards.
Ports can be supplied at positions other than those shown in

Engineer
Table A at an extra charge. To order, specify port position as

Virtual
4 2 shown in Figure 1.

3 International Ports
Head (Rod) End Head Cap

Engineering
Other port configurations to meet international requirements
are available at extra cost. Parker cylinders can be supplied, on

Data
Table A
request, with British standard taper port (BSPT). Such port has
Mounting Style Head End Cap End a taper of 1 in 16 measured on the diameter (1/16" per inch).
T, TB, TC, TD, The thread form is Whitworth System, and size and number of
1, 2, 3 or 4 1, 2, 3 or 4 threads per inch are as follows:
H, HB, J, JB, DD
BB, DB 1, 2, 3 or 4 1 or 3
D 1 or 3 1, 2, 3 or 4 Table D
C, F 1 1 British Standard Pipe Threads
Nominal Pipe Size No Threads Per Inch Pipe O.D.

Straight Thread Ports 1/8 28 0.383

The S.A.E. straight thread O-ring port is recommended for 1/4 19 0.518
hydraulic applications. Parker will furnish this port configuration 3/8 19 0.656
at positions shown in Table A above. This port can also be 1/2 14 0.825
provided at positions other than those shown in Table A at an
extra charge. Size number, tube O.D. and port thread size for 3/4 14 1.041
S.A.E. ports are listed in Table C. S.A.E. ports are available at 1 11 1.309
extra cost. 1-1/4 11 1.650
1-1/2 11 1.882
Table C
S.A.E. Straight Thread “O” Ring Ports 2 11 2.347

Size Tube Size Tube Thread

British standard parallel internal threads are designated as BSP
No. O.D. (in.) Thread Size No. O.D. (in.) Size
and have the same thread form and number of threads per inch
2 1/8" 5/16 - 24 12 3/4" 1-1/16 - 12 as the BSPT type and can be supplied, on request, at extra cost.
3 3/16" 3/8 - 24 — — — Unless otherwise specified, the BSP or BSPT port size supplied
will be the same nominal pipe size as the N.P.T.F. port for a
4 1/4" 7/16 - 20 16 1" 1- 5/16 - 12
given bore size cylinder.
5 5/16" 1/2 - 20 20 1-1/4" 1-5/8 - 12
Metric ports options G or Y can also be supplied to order at
6 3/8" 9/16 - 18 24 1-1/2" 1-7/8 - 12 extra cost.
8 1/2" 3/4 - 16 32 2" 2-1/2 - 12
10 5/8" 7/8 - 14 — — —
Note: For the pressure ratings of individual connectors,contact your connector
supplier.

A11 Parker Hannifin Corporation

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 Catalog 0900P-7 Pneumatic Actuator Products
Stroke Data & Adjusters, Tie Rod Supports Application Engineering Data

Stroke Data Stroke Adjusters (only with metallic piston)

A Parker cylinders are available in any practical stroke length.

The following information should prove helpful to you in
selecting the proper stroke for your cylinder application.
Stroke Adjusters – For the requirement where adjusting the
stroke is specified. Parker has several designs to offer, one
of which is illustrated below. This is suitable for infrequent
adjustment and is economical.*
Stroke Tolerances – Stroke length tolerances are required due
Engineering Data
Virtual Engineer,
Product Index,

to build-up of tolerances of piston, head, cap and cylinder body. SEAL FOR THREADS 1" & UP
Standard production stroke tolerances run +1/32" to -1/64" up STOP PIN
to 20" stroke, +1/32" to -.020" for 21" to 60" stroke and +1/32"
to -1/32" for greater than 60" stroke. For closer tolerances on D-THREADS
stroke length, it is necessary to specify the required tolerance
plus the operating pressure and temperature at which the
cylinder will operate. Stroke tolerances smaller than .015" are
not generally practical due to elasticity of cylinders. If machine WRENCH
design requires such close tolerances, use of a stroke adjuster J-
SQUARE
(below) may achieve the desired result. SEAL FOR 1/2"
& 3/4" THREADS
Product

L K (MIN.)
Index

W
PD or

PA
PE

FA
INTEGRAL KEY Here a “retracting stroke adjuster” must be called for in
specifications, and the length of the adjustment must be
specified.
Engineer
Virtual

Where frequent adjustment or cushions at the cap end are

required, other designs are available according to application
W
needs. Please contact Wadsworth, Ohio facility for more
information.
Engineering

STOP PIN
SEAL FOR THREADS 1" & UP
* Infrequent is defined by positioning the retract stroke in a
PD or

PA
couple of attempts at original machine set up. The frequent
Data

PE

D-THREADS

stroke adjuster is recommended for adjustments required

Tie Rod Supports J-
WRENCH
SQUARE
SEAL FOR 1/2"
after the original equipment has been adjusted by the original
machine manufacturer.
& 3/4" THREADS
L

Rigidity of Envelope – The pre-stressed tie rod construction of

K (MIN.)

INTEGRAL KEY
Parker cylinders has advantages in rigidity within the limits of the PT
cylinder tube to resist buckling. For long stroke cylinders within
W
practical limits, Parker provides exclusive TIE ROD SUPPORTS Bore Size D J K L(Max.)
(see table below) which move the tie rod centerlines radially 1-1/2, 2 1/2 - 20 5/16 15/16 5
PD or

PA
PE

outward.
PT
INTEGRAL KEY
2-1/2, 3-1/4, 4 3/4 - 16 7/16 1-1/4 8
Standard tie rod supports are kept within the envelope
5, 6 1 - 14 5/8 1-11/16 9
dimensions of the head and cap, and generally do not
interfere with mounting a long cylinder. 8 1-1/2 - 12 15/16 2-1/8 18

Stroke (inches)
Number of Supports

Bore 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120 132 144 156 168

1 — 1 1 1 2 Consult Factory
Required

1-1/2 — — 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4
2 — — — 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3
2-1/2 — — — — — 1 1 1 1 1 2 2
3-1/4 — — — — — — — 1 1 1 1 1
4 — — — — — — — — — 1 1 1
Note: 5" through 14" bore sizes — no supports required.

A12 Parker Hannifin Corporation

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Catalog 0900P-7 Pneumatic Actuator Products
Stop Tubing & Mounting Classes Application Engineering Data

Stop Tubing (only with metallic piston) Mounting Classes

A
Long stroke cylinders, fixed or pivot mounted, tend to jackknife Standard mountings for fluid power cylinders fall into three basic
or buckle on push load applications, resulting in high bearing groups. The groups can be summarized as follows:
loading at the rod gland or piston. Use of a stop tube to Group 1 – Straight Line Force Transfer with fixed mounts which
lengthen the distance between the gland and piston when absorb force on cylinder centerline.

Product Index,
Virtual Engineer,
Engineering Data
cylinder rod is fully extended is recommended to reduce these
Group 2 – Pivot Force Transfer. Pivot mountings permit a
bearing loads. The drawing below shows stop tube construction
cylinder to change its alignment in one plane.
for fluid power cylinders. Refer to chart on next page to
determine stop tube length. Group 3 – Straight Line Force Transfer with fixed mounts which
do not absorb force on cylinder centerline.
When specifying cylinders with long stroke and stop tube, be
sure to call out the net stroke and the length of the stop tube. Because a cylinder’s mounting directly affects the maximum
Machine design can be continued without delay by laying in a pressure at which the cylinder can be used, the charts below
cylinder equivalent in length to the NET STROKE PLUS STOP should be helpful in the selection of the proper mounting
TUBE LENGTH, which is referred to as GROSS STROKE. combination for your application. Stroke length, piston rod
connection to load, extra piston rod length over standard, etc.
Refer to the next page to determine stop tube length.
should be considered for thrust loads. Alloy steel mounting bolts

Product
are recommended for all mounting styles, and thrust keys are

Index
recommended for Group 3.
UNTHREADED
PISTON PISTON
CUSHION
SLEEVE
Group 1
SPACER
(HEAD END) (CAP END)
FIXED MOUNTS which absorb

Engineer
force on cylinder centerline.

Virtual
HEAVY-DUTY SERVICE
For Thrust Loads_________ Mtg. Styles TC
For Tension Loads________ Mtg. Styles TB

Engineering
MEDIUM-DUTY SERVICE

Data
NET TOTAL STOP For Thrust Loads_________ Mtg. Styles H, HB
STROKE TUBE LENGTH
For Tension Loads________ Mtg. Styles J, JB
GROSS STROKE

LF + GROSS STROKE
LIGHT-DUTY SERVICE
For Thrust Loads_________ Mtg. Styles J, JB
Double piston design is supplied on air cylinders with For Tension Loads________ Mtg. Styles H, HB
cushion head end or both ends. Group 2
PIVOT MOUNTS which absorb
PISTON force on cylinder centerline.
STOP TUBE
(HEAD END) (CAP END)

HEAVY-DUTY SERVICE
For Thrust Loads_________ Mtg. Styles DD, D
For Tension Loads________ Mtg. Styles BB, BC, DD, D, DB
MEDIUM-DUTY SERVICE
For Thrust Loads_________ Mtg. Styles BB, BC, BE
For Tension Loads________ Mtg. Styles BB, BC, BE
STOP TUBE
NET STROKE LENGTH
Group 3
GROSS STROKE
FIXED MOUNTS which do not
LF + GROSS STROKE
absorb force on the centerline.

This design is supplied on cushioned cap or

non-cushioned cylinders. HEAVY-DUTY SERVICE
For Thrust Loads_________ Mtg. Styles C
Cushion Selection For Tension Loads________ Mtg. Styles C

Cushions are required when cylinder piston rod speed exceeds MEDIUM-DUTY SERVICE
4" per second. For Thrust Loads_________ Mtg. Styles F
For Tension Loads________ Mtg. Styles F
LIGHT-DUTY SERVICE
For Thrust Loads_________ Mtg. Styles CB†
For Tension Loads________ Mtg. Styles CB†
† Mounting style CB recommended for maximum pressure of 150 PSI.

A13 Parker Hannifin Corporation

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 Catalog 0900P-7 Pneumatic Actuator Products
Stroke Selection Chart Application Engineering Data

Piston Rod — Stroke Selection Chart ROD DIAMETER

A 138 134 2 2 12 3 312 4 412 5 512

CONSULT FACTORY
300

200
Engineering Data
Virtual Engineer,
Product Index,

1
BASIC LENGTH–INCHES

100
90 7
80 6
70
5
60
4
50 3
40 2

30
5 1
8
Product
Index

STOP TUBE
INCHES OF
20

10
100 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1000 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10,000 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100,000 2 3
Engineer
Virtual

THRUST–POUNDS

How to Use the Chart B) The required length of stop tube is read from the right of the graph
by following the shaded band in which the point of intersection lies.
The selection of a piston rod for thrust (push) conditions requires the
C) If required length of stop tube is in the region labeled “consult
following steps:
factory,” submit the following information for an individual analysis:
1. Determine the type of cylinder mounting style and rod end connection
Engineering

1) Cylinder mounting style.

to be used. Then consult the chart below and find the “stroke factor” 2) Rod end connection and method of guiding load.
Data

that corresponds to the conditions used.

3) Bore, required stroke, length of rod extension (Dim. “LA or
2. Using this stroke factor, determine the “basic length” from the LAF”)
equation: if greater than standard, and series of cylinder used.
Basic Actual Stroke 4) Mounting position of cylinder. (Note: If at an angle or vertical,
= x
Length Stroke Factor specify direction of piston rod.)
The graph is prepared for standard rod extensions beyond the face of 5) Operating pressure of cylinder if limited to less than standard
the gland retainers. For rod extensions greater than standard, add the pressure for cylinder selected.
increase to the stroke in arriving at the “basic length.” Warning
3. Find the load imposed for the thrust application by multiplying the full Piston rods are not normally designed to absorb bending moments or
bore area of the cylinder by the system pressure. loads which are perpendicular to the axis of piston rod motion. These
4. Enter the graph along the values of “basic length” and “thrust” as additional loads can cause the piston rod end to fail. If these types of
found above and note the point of intersection: additional loads are expected to be imposed on the piston rods, their
magnitude should be made known to our Engineering Department so
A) The correct piston rod size is read from the diagonally curved line they may be properly addressed. Additionally, cylinder users should
labeled “Rod Diameter” next above the point of intersection. always make sure that the piston rod is securely attached to the machine
member.
Recommended Mounting Styles For
Maximum Stroke And Thrust Loads Rod End Connection Case Stroke Factor

Groups 1 or 3 Fixed and Rigidly I 0.50

Guided
Long stroke cylinders for thrust loads should be
mounted using a heavy-duty mounting style at one
end, firmly fixed and aligned to take the principal force. Pivoted and II 0.70
Additional mounting should be specified at the opposite Rigidly Guided
end, which should be used for alignment and support.
An intermediate support may also be desirable for
long stroke cylinders mounted horizontally. Machine Supported but not III 2.00
mounting pads can be adjustable for support mountings Rigidly Guided
to achieve proper alignment.

Group 2 Pivoted and Rigidly IV 1.00

Guided
Style D — Trunnion on Head

Style DD — Intermediate Trunnion Pivoted and Rigidly V 1.50

Guided

Style DB — Trunnion on Cap or Pivoted and Rigidly VI 2.00

Style BB — Clevis on Cap Guided

A14 Parker Hannifin Corporation

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Catalog 0900P-7 Pneumatic Actuator Products
Deceleration Force and Air Requirements Application Engineering Data
Cushion ratings for Air Cylinders Only are described in Table Table b-1

A
b-2 and Graph b-1. To determine whether a cylinder will 4MA Piston Rod Assembly Weight Table
adequately stop a load without damage to the cylinder, the
Column 1 Column 2
weight of the load (including the weight of the piston and the Basic Weight for Basic Weight
piston rod from Table b-1) and the maximum speed of the Rod Piston and Non- for Each 1" of Stroke
piston rod must first be determined. Once these two factors Bore Dia. mm Stroke Rod (lbs) (lbs)

Product Index,
Virtual Engineer,
Engineering Data
are known, the Kinetic Energy Graph may be used. Enter the 5/8 1.1 0.087
graph at its base for the value of weight determined, and project 1-1/2
1 N/A N/A
vertically to the required speed value. The point of intersection
of these two lines will be the cushion rating number required for 5/8 1.2 0.087
2
the application. 1 2.1 0.223
To determine the total load to be moved, the weight of the piston 5/8 1.5 0.087
2-1/2
and rod must be included. 1 2.3 0.223
1 3.3 0.223
Total Weight = weight of the piston and non-stroke rod length 3-1/4
(column 1) + weight of the rod per inch of stroke x the inches of 1-3/8 4.9 0.421
stroke (Column 2) + the load to be moved. 1 3.8 0.223
4

Product
1-3/8 5.4 0.421

Index
Example: a 3-1/4" bore cylinder with a 1" rod diameter and 25"
of stroke; external load to be moved is 85 lbs. Total load to be 1 5.0 0.223
5
moved is then (3.3 lbs) + (0.223 lbs/inch X 25 inches) + (85 lbs) 1-3/8 6.5 0.421
for a total of 93.9 lbs. 1-3/8 8.3 0.421
6
1-3/4 11.8 0.682

Engineer
Virtual
1-3/8 12.4 0.421
8
1-3/4 15.0 0.682
Note: aluminum piston used for weight calculation

Engineering
Graph b-1

Data
Kinetic Energy Graph – Air Cylinders
15 2 25 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 15 2 25 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 15 2 25 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1
1000
9 9

8 8

7 7
CONSULT FACTORY

6 6

500 5

4 4

3 3
45
2.5 25

42
200 2

39
150 15

18 36

100 33
1
9
9 14
8 30 8
VELOCITY (FPM)

7 7
10 6
6
26
50 5
6
4 4
22

3 2 3

2.5 25

20 2

15 15

10
10 15 20 25 3 4 50 6 7 8 9 100 150 200 25 3 4 500 6 7 8 9 1000 1500 2000 25 3 4 5000 6 7 8 9 10,000

WEIGHT (LB) CONSULT FACTORY

A15 Parker Hannifin Corporation

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 Catalog 0900P-7 Pneumatic Actuator Products
Cushion Ratings and Air Requirements Application Engineering Data
Now refer to Table b-2 and find the cushion ratings, using bore Shock absorbers provide the greatest selection of decelerating

A
size and rod diameter of the cylinder selected. If a simple circuit products, and many can be incorporated into the cap end of
is used, with no meter out or speed control, use the “Rating cylinders for retract stroke deceleration. Additional product
with No Back Pressure” column values. If a meter out or speed information can be found in Industrial Shock Absorbers Catalog
control is to be used, use the “Rating with Back Pressure” AU08-1022-1/NA, and please contact the Wadsworth, OH
column values. If the cushion rating found in Table b-2 below facility for cylinder modification details.
Engineering Data
Virtual Engineer,
Product Index,

is greater than the number determined in Graph b-1, then

the cylinder will stop the load adequately. If the cushion rating
in Table b-2 is smaller than the number found in Graph b-1,
then a larger bore cylinder should be used. In those applications
where back pressures exist in the exhaust lines, it is possible to
exceed the cushion ratings shown in Table b-2. In these cases,
consult the factory and advise the amount of back pressure.

Table b-2
4MA Air Cylinder Cushion Ratings Table
Product
Index

Rating with Rating

Rod No Back with Back
Bore Dia. mm Pressure Pressure
5/8 8 14
1-1/2
1 N/A N/A
Engineer

Shock Absorber
Virtual

5/8 12 18
2
1 9 15
5/8 14 20
2-1/2
1 14 19
Engineering

1 18 24
Data

3-1/4
1-3/8 17 23
1 20 27
4
1-3/8 20 26
1 23 28 NuCushion Bumper
5
1-3/8 23 28 2-1/2" - 4" Bores
1-3/8 26 31
6
1-3/4 26 31
1-3/8 29 35
8
1-3/4 29 34 Inch Based Cylinders
Air Requirement Per Inch of Cylinder Stroke
In general, if the cushion rating number from the Kinetic Energy The amount of air required to operate a cylinder is determined
Graph is greater than the cushion rating for a particular bore and from the volume of the cylinder and its cycle in strokes per
rod diameter, other and external means of decelerating the load minute. This may be determined by use of the following
will be necessary for proper cylinder application. Parker options formulae which apply to a single-acting cylinder.
include shock absorbers, Par-Check hydraulic resistance units
and NuCushion bumpers. V= 3.1416 L D2 C = ƒV
4 1728

Where: V = Cylinder volume, cu. in.

L = Cylinder stroke length, in.
D = Internal diameter of cylinder in.
C = Air required, cfm
ƒ = Number of strokes per minute
The air requirements for a double-acting cylinder is almost
double that of a single-acting cylinder, except for the volume of
the piston rod.

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Catalog 0900P-7 Pneumatic Actuator Products
Air Requirements Application Engineering Data
The air flow requirements of a cylinder in terms of cfm should The general procedure to follow when using these graphs is:

A
not be confused with compressor ratings which are given
1. Select the appropriate graph depending upon the pressure
in terms of free air. If compressor capacity is involved in the
which can be maintained to the system – Graph b-2 for 100
consideration of cylinder air requirements it will be necessary to
PSIG and Graph b-3 for 80 PSIG.
convert cfm values to free air values. This relationship
varies for different gauge pressures. 2. Determine appropriate cylinder bore. Values underneath

Product Index,
Virtual Engineer,
Engineering Data
the diagonal cylinder bore lines indicate the maximum
Thrust (pounds) = operating pressure x area of cylinder bore.
recommended dynamic thrust developed while the
Note: That on the “out” stroke the air pressure is working on the cylinder is in motion. The data in the table at the bottom
entire piston area but on the “in” stroke the air pressure works of each graph indicates available static force applications in
on the piston area less the rod area. which clamping force is a prime consideration in determining
cylinder bore. Please reference table number b-3 and b-4 for
Graph b-2 and b-3 offer a simple means to select pneumatic
approximate thrust developed at a given operating pressure.
components for dynamic cylinder applications. It is only
necessary to know the force required, the desired speed and
the pressure which can be maintained at the inlet to the air
preparation system. The graphs assume average conditions
relative to air line sizes, system layout, friction, etc. At higher

Product
Index
speeds, consider appropriate cushioning of cylinders.

Graph b-2
THIS GRAPH IS DETERMINED BY HAVING

Engineer
Virtual
100 PSIG AVAILABLE UNDER FLOWING CONDITIONS. –14

CV FOR INDIVIDUAL VALVE & SPEED CONTROLS

–12

–10

Engineering
–8

Data
–6

–4

–3

–2
LB RE
S.
20 O
39 0" B

LB E
S.
00 R
1

E
S. RE
25 B

L E

S. OR
S. RE
LB E
98 " B .
00 OR

LB E
5 BS
8"

LB BO
0 OR

0 OR
S.

LB E

LB " B
LB O
S.
14 " B

5 OR
0 "B

S.
62 " B

41 -1/4"

88 -1/2

–1
6

15 " B
24 -1/2
4

3
0

1
2
2

–0.5
10

15

20

30

40

50

60

70
80
90

200

300

400

500

600

700
800
900
100

1000
150

ROD SPEED fpm

Table b-3
Thrust Developed
Bore Size 1-1/2" 2" 2-1/2" 3-1/4" 4" 5" 6" 8"
Dynamic Thrust (lbs.) 88 155 240 410 620 980 1400 2500
Static Thrust (lbs.) 177 314 491 830 1250 1960 2820 5020

A17 Parker Hannifin Corporation

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 Catalog 0900P-7 Pneumatic Actuator Products
Air Requirements Application Engineering Data
3. Read upward on appropriate rod speed line to intersection Example 2: Assume similar conditions to Example 1 except

A
with diagonal cylinder bore line. Read right from inter-section that only 80- PSIG will be available under flowing conditions.
point to determine the required Cv of the valve and the speed Using Graph b-3, a 6-inch bore cylinder is indicated.
controls. Both the valve and speed controls must have this Cv. Read upward on the 60 fpm line to the intersection point.
The following examples illustrate use of the graphs: Interpolation of the right-hand scale indicates a required
valve and speed control Cv of over 2.8.
Engineering Data
Virtual Engineer,
Product Index,

Example 1: Assume it is necessary to raise a 900-pound

load 24 inches in two seconds. With 100 PSIG maintained at Example 3: Assume similar conditions to Example 1 except
the inlet to the air preparation system, use Graph b-2. The that the load is being moved in a horizontal plane with a
5-inch bore cylinder is capable of developing the required coefficient of sliding friction of 0.2. Only a 180-pound thrust
thrust while in motion. Since 24 inches in two seconds is is now required (900 lb. x 0.2). Consult Graph b-3. The
equal to 60 fpm, read upward on the 60 fpm line to the 2-1/2 inch bore cylinder will develop sufficient thrust, and at
intersection of the 5-inch bore diagonal line. Reading to the 60 fpm requires a valve and speed control Cv of about 0.5.
right indicates that the required valve and speed controls
must each have a Cv of over 1.9.
Product
Index

Graph b-3
THIS GRAPH IS DETERMINED BY HAVING
80 PSIG AVAILABLE UNDER FLOWING CONDITIONS.
Engineer
Virtual

CV FOR INDIVIDUAL VALVE & SPEED CONTROLS

–14

–12

–10
Engineering

–8
Data

–6

–4

–3

–2
LB RE

E
S. RE
LB E

S. OR
S.

S. RE
LB E
00 O

LB E
LB E

0 OR

0 OR

LB BO
S.

0 OR
25 0" B

S.
00 R

S.

LB E
LB O

LB " B
S.
O

90 " B

0 OR
0 "B
63 B

S.
40 " B
16 B

26 -1/4"

60 -1/2
1

5"
6

10 " B
16 1/2
8"

3
0

1
2
2-

–1

–0.6
10

15

20

30

40

50

60

70
80
90

200

300

400

500

600

700
800
900
100

1000
150

ROD SPEED fpm

Table b-4
Thrust Developed
Bore Size 1-1/2" 2" 2-1/2" 3-1/4" 4" 5" 6" 8"
Dynamic Thrust (lbs.) 60 100 160 260 400 630 900 1600
Static Thrust (lbs.) 141 251 393 663 1000 1570 2260 4010

A18 Parker Hannifin Corporation

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Catalog 0900P-7 Pneumatic Actuator Products
NFPA Rod End Data and Piston Rods Application Engineering Data
Rod End Data International Rod End Threads

A
Rod end dimension symbols as shown comply with the National Piston rod threads to meet international requirements are
Fluid Power Association dimensional code. The following chart available at extra cost. Parker cylinders can be supplied with
indicates the symbols used in this catalog. British standard fine (W) or metric (M). To order, specify in
model number. For dimensions, consult factory.
Description Symbol

Product Index,
Virtual Engineer,
Engineering Data
Thread diameter and pitch KK or CC Special Rod Ends
Length of thread A If a rod end configuration other than the standard styles
is required, such special rod ends can be provided. The
Length of rod extension from
LA or LAF (Male Thread) designation “Style 3” is assigned to such specials and is
face of gland retainer to end
of retracted rod
W or WF (Female Thread) incorporated in the cylinder model number. To order, specify
“Style 3” and give desired dimensions for KK; A; LA, LAF, W, or
Five rod ends for Parker cylinders are offered as shown on the WF. If otherwise special, send a dimensioned sketch.
dimension pages of this catalog. They are Parker styles 4, 6, 8, 9
and 55, and all five are optional without price penalty.
Special Assemblies from Standard Parts
Each dimensioned drawing in this catalog has position

Product
numbers shown on the end view to identify the four sides of the

Index
Warning
cylinder. These aid in communications and simplify the writing
Piston rods are not normally designed to absorb bending
of specifications that cover changes in port positions, etc.
moments or loads which are perpendicular to the axis of piston
Following are several suggested special assemblies that can be
rod motion. These additional loads can cause the piston rod
made up from standard parts.
end to fail. If these types of additional loads are expected to be

Engineer
imposed on the piston rods, their magnitude should be made a) By calling out the position numbers for the desired locations

Virtual
known to our Application Engineering Department so they may for head and cap ports, many mounting styles can be
be properly addressed. Additionally, cylinder users should assembled with ports located at 90° or 180° from standard.
always make sure that the piston rod is securely attached to the In such special assemblies, the cushion needle valves are
machine member. also repositioned since their relation with the port position

Engineering
does not change.
On occasion cylinders are ordered with double rods. In some

Data
cases a stop is threaded onto one of the piston rods and used b) On mounting styles D, DB and DD, the cushion needle
as an external stroke adjuster. This can cause a potential safety valves are provided only on the side position 3 on the head
concern and can also lead to premature piston rod failure. The or cap which accommodates the mounting. The opposite
external stop will create a pinch point and the cylinder user head or cap can be rotated.
should consider appropriate use of guards. If an external stop c) Standard mountings in different combinations can be
is not parallel to the final contact surface it will place a bending provided: for example Style J mounting on head end
moment on the piston rod. An external stop will also negate the with Style C on the cap end. This would be made up from
effect of a cushion and will subject the piston rod to an impact standard parts and would be designated Model (bore size)
loading. These two (2) conditions can cause piston rod failure. JC-4MAU14A (stroke).
The use of external stroke adjusters should be reviewed with our
Application Engineering Department. Single-Acting Cylinders
Double-acting cylinders are supplied as standard. They can also
be used a single-acting cylinders where air or hydraulic force
Piston Rod End Threads is applied to only one side of the piston, with the load or other
Standard piston rod end thread lengths are shown as dimension external forces acting to “return” the piston after pressure is
“A” in Catalog dimension pages. Special rod end threads which exhausted.
are two times standard length can be supplied at a small extra
cost. Available thread lengths are shown in the table below.
Spring-Returned, Single-Acting Cylinders
To order, add suffix “2” to piston rod model number code and (only with metallic piston)
specify as Style #42 or Style #82. Single-acting, spring-returned models can also be provided.
Load conditions and friction factors must be considered in
supplying the proper spring for the application. In addition, it
Optional Piston Rod End Studs is necessary that information be supplied as to which side of
the piston the spring should act upon. Specify “Spring to return
Rod End Thread Rod End Thread piston rod” or “Spring to advance piston rod.”
Style #42 Style #82
Thread Dia. Thread Dia.
On longer stroke spring-returned cylinders, it is recommended
Piston Rod & Pitch Length & Pitch Length that tie rod extensions be specified on the cylinder end in which
Dia. (KK) (= 2 × A) (CC) (= 2 × A) the spring is located so that the cap or head against which the
spring is acting can be “backed-off” slowly until compression of
5/8 7/16-20 1-1/2 1/2-20 1-1/2
the spring is relieved. In such cases it should also be specified
1 3/4-16 2-1/4 7/8-14 2-1/4 that the tie rod nuts be welded to the tie rods at the opposite
1-3/8 1-14 3-1/4 1-1/4 - 12 3-1/4 end of the cylinder to further insure safe disassembly.
1-3/4 1-1/4 - 12 4 1-1/2 - 12 4 Consult factory when ordering spring-returned cylinders.

A19 Parker Hannifin Corporation

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 Catalog 0900P-7 Pneumatic Actuator Products
Modifications, Special Assemblies, Tandem Application Engineering Data
Modifications Tandem Cylinders

A
The following modifications can be supplied on most cylinders. A tandem cylinder is made up of two cylinders mounted in
line with pistons connected by a common piston rod and rod
Metallic Rod Wiper Gland Assembly seals installed between the cylinders to permit double acting
When specified metallic rod wipers can be supplied instead operation of each. Tandem cylinders allow increased output
force when mounting width or height are restricted. Please
Engineering Data
Virtual Engineer,
Product Index,

of the standard wiper. Recommended in applications where

contaminants tend to adhere to the extended piston rod and contact the Wadsworth, OH facility for more information.
would damage the standard wiper. Installation of metallic rod
wiper does not affect cylinder dimensions. It is available at
extra cost. Please contact the Wadsworth, OH facility for more
information.
MM

Rod End Boots

Most Parker cylinders have a hardened bearing surface on
the standard piston rod to resist external damage, and are
equipped with a high efficiency wiper to remove external
dust and dirt. Exposed piston rods that are subjected to
Product
Index

contaminants with air hardening properties, such as paint,

should be protected. In such applications, the use of a Duplex Cylinders
collapsing cover should be considered. This is commonly A duplex cylinder is made up of two cylinders mounted
referred to as a “boot”. Calculate the longer rod end required in line with pistons not connected and with rod seals installed
to accommodate the collapsed length of the boot from the between the cylinders to permit double acting operation of each.
Engineer

following data. Cylinders may be mounted with piston rod to piston (as shown)
Virtual

or back to back and are generally used to provide three position

operation. Please contact the Wadsworth, OH facility for more
RD 1/2 5/8 1 1-3/8 1-3/4
information.
OD 2-1/4 2-1/4 2-5/8 3 3-3/8
Engineering

LF .13 .13 .13 .13 .13

Data

1/2 5/8
MM

BOOT
DIA.
(OD)
MM MM

ROD
DIA.
(RD)

BL

To determine extra length of piston rod required to

accommodate boot, calculate:
BL = Stroke x LF + 1-1/8"
BL + std LAF (male rod end) or WF (female rod end) dimension
= length of piston rod to extend beyond the head face.
Note: Please compare the Boot OD size to the standard E
dimension per desired cylinder series and bore. This may be
critical for foot mounted cylinders.
Rod Boots are available for many cylinder series.
Please contact the Wadsworth, OH facility for rod boot options.

A20 Parker Hannifin Corporation

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Catalog 0900P-7 Pneumatic Actuator Products
Rotary Actuator Torque Requirements Application Engineering Data
Design Torque Equation 4-5) Ta = Ia
A
Design torque represents the maximum torque that an actuator
must supply in an application. This maximum is the greater
of the Demand Torque or the Cushion Torque. If the demand TC - Cushion Torque
torque exceeds what the actuator can supply, the actuator will This is the torque that the actuator must apply to provide a
either move too slowly or stall. If the cushion torque is too high, required deceleration. This torque is generated by restricting

Product Index,
Virtual Engineer,
Engineering Data
the actuator may be damaged by excessive pressure. Demand the flow out of the actuator (meter-out) so as to create a back
torque and cushion torque are defined below in terms of load, pressure which decelerates the load. This back pressure
friction, and acceleration torque. (deceleration) often must overcome both the inertia of the load
and the driving pressure (system pressure) from the pump. See
Equations for calculating demand torque and cushion torque for applications.
some general applications are provided on the following pages.
PrV

Equation 4-6) Tc = Ta + θ – Tf ± TL
T - Torque The friction torque Tf reduces the torque the actuator must
The amount of turning effort exerted by a rotary actuator. apply to stop the load. The load torque TL may add to, or
subtract from the torque required from the actuator, depending

Product
upon the orientation of the load torque. For example, a weight

Index
TD - Demand Torque being swung upward would result in a load torque that is
This is the torque required from the actuator to do the job and subtracted.
is the sum of the load torque, friction torque, and acceleration Warning: Rapid deceleration can cause high pressure
torque, multiplied by an appropriate design factor. Design intensification at the outlet of the actuator. Always insure
factors vary with the applications and the designers’ knowledge. that cushion pressure does not exceed the manufacturer’s

Engineer
Virtual
Equation 4-3) TD = Ta + Tf + TL pressure rating for the actuator.

TL - Load torque KE – Kinetic Energy (1/2 Jmω2)

This is the amount of energy that a rotating load has. The

Engineering
This is the torque required to equal the weight or force of the
load. For example, in Fig. 4-8a, the load torque is 563 Nm rotator must be able to stop the load. All products have kinetic

Data
(5000 lb-in); in Fig. 4-8b the load torque is zero; in Fig. 4-8c energy rating tables. Choose the appropriate deceleration
the load torque is 563 Nm (5000 lb-in). The load torque term option (i.e., bumper, cushions, shock absorbers, etc.) that
is intended to encompass all torque components that aren’t meets or exceeds the kinetic energy of the load.
included in the friction or acceleration terms.

Tf - Friction torque
This is the torque required to overcome friction between any
moving parts, especially bearing surfaces. In Fig. 4-8a, the
friction torque is zero for the hanging load; in Fig. 4-8b the
friction torque is 775 Nm (6880 lb-in) for the sliding load; in Fig.
4-8c the friction torque is zero for the clamp.
Equation 4-4) Tf = mWr

Ta - Acceleration Torque
This is the torque required to overcome the inertia of the load
in order to provide a required acceleration or deceleration.
In Fig. 4-8a the load is suspended motionless so there is no
acceleration. In Fig. 4-8b, the load is accelerated from 0 to
some specified angular velocity. If the mass moment of inertia
about the axis of rotation is I and the angular acceleration is a,
the acceleration torque is equal to Ia. In Fig. 4-8c there is no
acceleration.
Some values for mass moment of inertia are given in Table 4.
Some useful equations for determining a are listed in Table 5.
Equation 5 below shows the general equation for acceleration
torque.

Pages A21-A22 and A24-A25 excerpted

from the Parker Hannifin Design
Engineers Handbook.

A21 Parker Hannifin Corporation

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 Catalog 0900P-7 Pneumatic Actuator Products
Rotary Actuator Torque Requirements Application Engineering Data

Demand Torque Examples

A A) Example of load torque

The load is held motionless as shown.
Engineering Data
Virtual Engineer,
Product Index,

10 in.

TD = Tα + Tf + TL
Tα = 0
Tf = 0
TL = (500 lb)(10 in) = 5,000 lb-in
TD = 5,000 lb-in
Product

500 lbs.
Index

Figure 4-8a
Engineer
Virtual

B) Due to friction and acceleration 60 in.

The 500 lb rotating index table is supported by bearings with a
Bearings
Engineering

coefficient of friction of 0.25. The table’s acceleration a is 2 rad/ 55 in.

sec2. The table’s mass moment of inertia I is 2,330 lb-in-sec2.
Data

500 lbs.

TD = Tα + Tf + TL
Tα = Iα = (2,330 lb-in-sec2)(2/sec2) = 4,660 lb-in
Tf = µWrb = 0.25 (500 lb)(55 in) = 6,880 lb-in
TL = 0
TD = 4,660 lb-in + 6,880 lb-in = 11,540 lb-in
Figure 4-8b

500 lb.
Force
10 in.

C) Load torque example

TD = Tα + Tf + TL
Tα = 0
Tf = 0
TL = (500 lb)(10 in) = 5,000 lb-in
TD = 5,000 lb-in

Figure 4-8c

A22 Parker Hannifin Corporation

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Catalog 0900P-7 Pneumatic Actuator Products
Rotary Actuator Torque Requirements Application Engineering Data
Torque Selection

A
Parker rotary actuators provide output torque up to 10,000 lb-in.
The chart to the right shows the nominal torque output range of
various actuator models at 100 PSI.

Product Index,
Virtual Engineer,
Engineering Data
Caution:
This chart is intended as a guide only. Refer to actual product
data in this catalog before specifying an actuator. Factors such
as pressure rating, rotation, and actual torque output may be
affected by specific product details and options.
Nominal Torque at 100 PSI
Output
Torque Rotation < 95° Rotation > 100°
(lb-in) Vane Models Rack & Pinion Models Vane Models Rack & Pinion Models
10000 HP10 HP10

Product
Index
9000
8000
7000
6000

Engineer
Virtual
5000 HP4.5 HP4.5
4000
3500
3000 PRN800D B6714 B6714

Engineering
2500 PTR322 PTR322

Data
2000 PV46D
1750
1500 PRN800S PRN800S
1250 PV44D PTR321, B6713 PTR321, B6713
1000
900 PRN300D PTR252 PV46 PTR252
800
700 PV36D, PV42D
600 PTR202, B6712 PV44 PTR202, B6712
500 PV42D, PRN150D PTR251 PTR251
400 PV33D, PRN300S PV36, PRN300S
300 PTR201 PV42 PTR201
250 PTR152 PTR152
200 PRN150S PV33, PRN150S
150 PV22D, PRN50D PTR151, B6711 PTR151, B6711
100 PRN30D
80 PTR102 PV22 PTR102
60 PRN50S PRN50S
40 PRN30S PTR101 PRN30S PTR101
35 PV11D
30
25 PRNA20S PRNA20S
20 PV10D
15 PRNA10S PV11, PRNA10S
10 PV10
5 PRNA1S, PRNA3S PRNA1S, PRNA3S
0

A23 Parker Hannifin Corporation

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 Catalog 0900P-7 Pneumatic Actuator Products
Rotary Actuator Moments of Inertia Application Engineering Data

Table 4: Mass Moments of Inertia

A
Rectangular prism Circular cylinder
Engineering Data
Virtual Engineer,
Product Index,

1
Ix = m b2 + c 2
12
1 1
Iy = m c 2 + a 2 Ix = ma 2
12 2
1 1
Iz = m a2 + b 2 I y = I z = m 3a 2 + L2
12 12
Product
Index

Thin rectangular plate Circular cone

1
Ix = m b2 + c 2
12 3
Ix = ma 2
Engineer

1
Virtual

10
Iy = mc 2
12 3 1
I y = Iz = m a 2 + h 2
1 5 4
Iz = mb 2
12
Engineering
Data

Sphere Thin disk

1
2 Ix = mr 2
I x = I y = I z = ma 2 2
5 1
I y = I z = mr 2
4

Ip = Mass moment of inertia about an axis

Parallel Axis Theorem: parallel to a centroidal axis
P
d I = Mass moment of inertia about a
I p = I + md 2 G centroidal axis
m = Mass
d = Distance between axes

When acceleration is constant: When velocity is constant:

θ = ω0t + 1 αt 2 α = 2θ
2 t2 θ = ωt
θ = ω0t + 1 ωt t
α = (ωt - ω0)2 t = time
2
2θ θ = angular position
ω = ω0 + αt ωt = angular velocity at time = t
α = (ωt - ω0)
ω = (ω02 + 2αθ)1/2 ω0 = angular velocity at time = 0
t
α = angular acceleration

A24 Parker Hannifin Corporation

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Catalog 0900P-7 Pneumatic Actuator Products
Rotary Actuator Basic Equations Application Engineering Data

Basic Velocity, Acceleration, Kinetic Energy And Torque Equations

Equations below are based on triangular velocity profile.

A

Product Index,
Virtual Engineer,
Engineering Data
Where:
ωmax = .035 × Θ Θ = Angle of Rotation (Degrees)
t
t = Time to rotate through Θ (sec)
ωmax2 ω = Angular velocity, radians/sec
α
=
Θ α = Angular accelerations (radians/sec2)
57.3 WL = Weight of load (lbf)
Ta = Torque to accelerate load (lb-in)
ωmax
Us = Coefficient of static friction

Product
α =

Index
(t ⁄ 2)
Jm* = Rotational mass moment of inertia (lb-in-
sec2)
K.E. = 1/2 Jm ω2
Tf = Torque to overcome friction (lb-in)

Engineer
TL = Torque to overcome effects of gravity

Virtual
Ta = α × Jm
*Use “I” values from Table 4.

Distance from pivot point to

Engineering
Tf = W × Us ×
center of external bearings

Data
TL = Torque arm length × WL × cos (φ)
to C.G. of load

Where φ = Angle between torque arm

and horizontal plane

Coefficients of Friction
Material* µs µk
Steel on Steel 0.80 0.40
Steel on Steel (lubricated) 0.16 0.03
Aluminum on Steel 0.45 0.30
Copper on Steel 0.22 0.22
Brass on Steel 0.35 0.19
PTFE on Steel 0.04 0.04
*dry contact unless noted

A25 Parker Hannifin Corporation

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 Catalog 0900P-7 Pneumatic Actuator Products
Conversion Factors Application Engineering Data

Force Conversion Factors

A Multiply value A by conversion factor in table to calculate value B.

B
A oz lbf N kg(f)
Engineering Data
Virtual Engineer,
Product Index,

oz 1 0.0625 0.2780 0.0284

lbf 16 1 4.4482 0.4536
N 3.5970 0.2248 1 0.1020
kg(f) 35.2740 2.2050 9.8068 1

Torque Conversion Factors

Multiply value A by conversion factor in table to calculate value B.

B
A oz-in lb-in lb-ft Nm
Product

oz-in 1 0.0625 5.2083E-03 7.0616E-03

Index

lb-in 16 1 0.0833 0.1130

lb-ft 192 12 1 1.356
Nm 141.61 8.8507 0.7376 1
Engineer
Virtual

Rotational Inertia Conversion Factors

Multiply value A by conversion factor in table to calculate value B.

B oz-in- kg-m- kg-cm-

A oz-in2 sec2 lb-in2 lb-in-sec2 lb-ft2 lb-ft-sec2 kg-m2 sec2 kg-cm2 sec2
Engineering

oz-in2 1 2.5900E-03 6.2500E-02 1.6190E-04 4.3403E-04 1.3490E-05 1.8290E-05 1.8650E-06 1.8290E-01 1.8650E-04
Data

oz-in-sec2 3.8610E+02 1 2.4130E+01 6.2500E-02 1.6760E-01 5.2080E-03 7.0620E-03 7.2010E-04 7.0620E+01 7.2010E-02
lb-in2 1.6000E+01 4.1442E-02 1 2.5900E-03 6.9444E-03 2.1583E-04 2.9260E-04 2.9840E-05 2.9260E+00 2.9840E-03
lb-in-sec2 6.1767E+03 1.6000E+01 3.8610E+02 1 2.6810E+00 8.3333E-02 1.1300E-01 1.1520E-02 1.1300E+03 1.1520E+00
lb-ft2 2.3040E+03 5.9666E+00 1.4400E+02 3.7300E-01 1 3.1080E-02 4.2140E-02 4.2970E-03 4.2140E+02 4.2970E-01
lb-ft-sec2 7.4129E+04 1.9201E+02 4.6333E+03 1.2000E+01 3.2175E+01 1 1.3560E+00 1.3824E-01 1.3560E+04 1.3824E+01
kg-m2 5.4675E+04 1.4160E+02 3.4176E+03 8.8496E+00 2.3730E+01 7.3746E-01 1 1.0190E-01 1.0000E+04 1.0190E+01
kg-m-sec2 5.3619E+05 1.3887E+03 3.3512E+04 8.6806E+01 2.3272E+02 7.2338E+00 9.8135E+00 1 9.8130E+04 1.0000E+02
kg-cm2 5.4675E+00 1.4160E-02 3.4176E-01 8.8496E-04 2.3730E-03 7.3746E-05 1.0000E-04 1.0191E-05 1 1.0190E-03
kg-cm-sec2 5.3619E+03 1.3887E+01 3.3512E+02 8.6806E-01 2.3272E+00 7.2338E-02 9.8135E-02 1.0000E-02 9.8135E+02 1

Length/Distance Conversion Factors

Multiply value A by conversion factor in table to calculate value B.

B
A in ft mm cm m
in 1 0.0833 25.4 2.54 0.0254
ft 12 1 304.8 30.48 0.3048
mm 0.03937 0.00328 1 0.1 0.001
cm 0.3937 0.03281 10 1 0.01
m 39.37 3.281 1000 100 1

A26 Parker Hannifin Corporation

For inventory, lead times, and kit Pneumatic Division
lookup, visit www.pdnplu.com Wadsworth, Ohio
www.parker.com/pdn/rotary