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unit 4 16 mark cps

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are integrated networks of physical and computational components designed to enhance critical infrastructure and improve quality of life. They feature capabilities such as reactive computation, feedback control, and real-time operations, with applications across healthcare, transportation, smart grids, and industry. The architecture of CPS for Industry 4.0 includes levels of connection, conversion, cyber, cognition, and configuration to facilitate smart manufacturing and IoT integration.

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10 views

unit 4 16 mark cps

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are integrated networks of physical and computational components designed to enhance critical infrastructure and improve quality of life. They feature capabilities such as reactive computation, feedback control, and real-time operations, with applications across healthcare, transportation, smart grids, and industry. The architecture of CPS for Industry 4.0 includes levels of connection, conversion, cyber, cognition, and configuration to facilitate smart manufacturing and IoT integration.

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linren2005
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© © All Rights Reserved
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What are Cyber-PhysicalSystems?

"Cyber-Physical Systems or 'smart' systems are co-engineered


interacting networks of physical and computational
components. These systems will provide the foundation of our
critical infrastructure, form the basis of emerging and future
smart services, and improve our quality of life in many areas."
-- NIST, Engineering Laboratory

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IT KHARAGPUR CERTIFICATION COURSES
NPTEL
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things

What are Cyber-Physical Systems? (Contd.)


Generalization of "embedded" systems
> Possess compute, communicate and control capabilities
> Interaction with the physical
N world
Pthrough
TE sensors and actuators.

> Examples:
Medical instruments
º Transportation vehicles
> Defense systems
> Robotic equipment
> Process monitoring and factory automation systems
Source: Lee, IEEE ISORC, 2008

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Cyber Space

Network Cormponents

Sensing Actuation

Object Domain

Physical Space
Real Space

Source: Ali et al., Sen. J., 2015


Features of Cyber-PhysicalSystems
Reactive Computation:
> Interact with environment in an ongoing manner
>Sequence of observed inputs and outputs
> Concurrency:
> Multiple processes running concurrently
> Processes exchange information to achieve desired result
> Synchronous or asynchronous modes of operation
Source: R. Alur, Principles of Cyber-Physical Systems, The MIT Press

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Features of Cyber-Physical Systems (Contd.)


> Feedback Controlof the Physical World:
> Equipped with control systems with feedback loop
> Sensors sense environment and Actuators influence it
>Hybrid control systems for complex tasks
> Real-Time Computation:
> Time sensitive operations such as coordination, resource-allocation
Safety-Critical Applications:
> Precise modelling and validation prior to development
Source: R. Alur, Principles of Cyber-Physical Systems, The MIT Press

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Applications of CPS: Healthcare


> Highly accurate medical devices and systems
> Image-guided surgery and therapy
> Controlof fluid flow for medicinal purposes and biological analysis
> Intelligent operating theatres and hospitals
>Engineered systems based on cognition and neuroscience
(e.g., brain-machine interfaces, therapeutic and
entertainment robotics, orthotics and exoskeletons, and
prosthetics) Source: Baheti and Gill, Cyber Physical Systems, Tech. Rep., IOCT, 2011
Applications of CPS: Transportation
> Infrastructure-based transportation CPS
> Real-time monitoring of traffic infrastructure (traffic signals, cameras,
etc.) and traffic control
>Vehicle-Infrastructure-coordinated transportation CPS
> Transit signal priority, queue warning (for e.g., ambulances)
A
Vehicle-based transportation CPS
> Proximity detection for safety
> Vehicle health monitoring Source: Baheti and Gill, Cyber Physical Systems, Tech. Rep., IOCT, 2011

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Applications of CPS: Smart Grid


Smart meters
> Demand management with distributed generation
> Automated distribution with intelligent substations
> Wide-area control of Smart grids
Phasor measurement units (PMUs)
Data aggregation units (DAUs)

Source: Rajkumar et al., DAC, 2010

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Applications of CPS: Industry


> Manufacturing systems and logistics integrated with
communication abilities, sensors and actuators
> Smart control
> Optimal resource utilization
> Smart diagnostics and maintenance
> Flexibility of development of systems
> End products customized specific to needs of customers
CPS Architecture for Industry 4.0
> Designing CPS-based manufacturing systems for Industry 4.0
"5C architecture" comprising of 5-levels
N P T E

> Connection
Conversion
> Cyber
> Cognition
> Configuration
Source: Lee et al., Manufacturing Letters, 2015

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CPS Architecture for lloT: Connection

Smart connections to ensure accurate data is obtained from


the lloT devices
Two factors to be considered:
> Obtaining seamless and tether-free data
> Selection of sensors with proper specifications

Source: Lee et al., Manufacturing Letters, 2015

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CPS Architecture for lloT: Conversion

> Conversion of machine data to meaningful information


Data analysis tools and methodologies to be developed for
>Prognostics and health monitoring of machine components
> Multi-dimensional data-correlation

> Machines become self-aware

Source: Lee et al., Manufacturing Letters, 2015

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CPS Architecture for lloT: Cyber


Central information hub
> Gathers system information from fleet of machines
> Obtaining precise status information of individual machines
>Rating of performance of individual machines among fleet
> Predicting future behavior of machines based on historical data
> Utilize clustering for data mining
Machines achieve self-comparison ability
CPS Architecture for lloT: Cognition
> Proper presentation of information to users for generating
N P T E ?
thorough knowledge of the system
>Collaborative diagnostics
Decision making for:
> Prioritization
> Optimization processes

Source: Lee et al., Manufacturing Letters, 2015

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NPTEL

CPS Architecture for lloT: Configuration


Supervisory control to determine actions to be taken by the
machines: EL
> Self-configuration for resilience
> Self-adjustment for variations
> Self-optimization for disturbances
>Machines become self-adaptive

Source: Lee et al., Manufacturing Letters, 2015

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Challenges for CPS Development


Safety, security androbustness
> Hybrid control systems
> Computational and real-time embedded system abstractions
Sensor and mobile networks
>Architecture and modelling
> Verification, validation and certification
Education and training Source: Sha et al., IEEE SUTC, 2008

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