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Ethio Parents’ School, Addis Ababa (Gerji & Gullele campuses) & Hawassa

Centralized English Language Summarized Note & Worksheet for Grade

Unit-
Grammar tip
present perfect simple
Use: We use the present perfect
 to talk about life experiences.
Example.
1. Musa has travelled all over the world.
2. I’ve never stayed overnight ¡n a hospital.
3. Have you ever seen an eclipse?
 to talk about change over a period of time, contrasting the past with the present.
Example.
1. They have made the exams more difficult.
2. The climate has got warmer.
 to talk about achievements.
Example.
1) Man has walked on the moon.
2) Scientists have identified all the genes in human DNA.
 to talk about multiple actions repeated at different times.
Example.
1. We’ve won six matches this season.
2. I’ve seen this film three times.

Present perfect or past simple?

All the examples above refer to things that happened at some unspecified time in the past. The exact
time the action happened is not important — the important thing is that it is before now. To ‘fix’
things in the past (eg stages in our life, events in history, events in a narrative) we use an expression
of time in the past, and the past simple tense.
1) Newton studied at Cambridge from 1661 to 1665.
2) Britain and France declared war when Germany invaded Poland.

Sometimes the time expression you choose determines which tense you must use. We use the past
simple with ‘finished’ time expressions.
1) I went to the doctor yesterday.
2) We didn’t have a maths class last week.
3) He spoke to me ten minutes ago.

With ‘unfinished’ time expressions we use the present perfect.

1) I’ve had four exams this week.
2) There haven’t been any problems until now.
3) She’s lived in five different countries in her life
Write the sentences as in the example
a. The teacher / arrive. The teacher has arrived.
b. The students / leave.____________________
c. The exams / finish. ______________________
d. Danny / break / leg. _____________________
e. I /sent / you / e-mail._____________________
f. he / see / this film / before. ________________
g. Dave and Tesema / win / a scholarship. ______________
h. There / he / accident. ____________________________

Write the negative form of the above sentences

1. The teacher hasn’t arrived.
2. ________________________
3. ________________________
4. ________________________
5. ________________________
6. ________________________
7. ________________________
8. ________________________

Match the questions a to g with the answers 1 to 7.

a. Where is my pen? 1. No. It’s started to rain.

b. Why are you looking so pleased with 2. I’ve passed all my exams.
yourself 3. Because someone has stolen my old one.
c. How is the maths going? 4. I’ve had a really bad day.
d. d Why are you buying a new mobile? 5. Not very well. It’s got much more
e. Is it sunny outside? difficult this term.
f. Why are you looking so fed up? 6. Haven’t you heard? He’s had an
g. Where’s Jeremy? accident. He’s in hospital.
7. I don’t know. I haven’t seen it.

present perfect Continuous

Use: We use present perfect continuous to talk about actions in progress from the past up to the
present (often with for or since).
Example.
1) We’ve been studying Russian for three years.
2) I’ve been doing homework since five o’clock,

The action may be recently finished or continuing.

Example.
1) They’ve been waiting for an hour. You’re late. (The waiting is finished.
2) They’ve been waiting for an hour and he still isn’t here. (The waiting continues.)

We sometimes use the present prefect continuous to emphasise an action repeated many
times, or the length of time of an action.
1) I’ve been phoning you all day. Where were you?
 2) He’s been feeling ill for over a week and he isn’t getting better

Present perfect simple or continuous?

When we refer to the duration of an action or situation, there is often very little difference in
meaning between the present perfect simple and present perfect continuous.
Example.
1) How long have you worked / been working here?
2) I’ve worked / been working here for five years.

The tense we use often depends on where we want to focus — on the activity itself or the
result of the action.
Example.
1) ‘Why are your hands dirty’? ‘I’ve been fixing my bike’. (focus on the activity)
2) ‘You look pleased.’ ‘Yes, I’ve fixed my bike.’ (focus on the finished result).

If the result of an action is a quantity (how much or how many) we do not use the continuous form.
Example.
1) I’ve done three exercises so far. NOT I’ve been doing -three exercises so far.
2) They’ve been saving for a year and they’ve saved over a thousand pounds.

We do not usually use the continuous form with verbs which refer to states (eg to be, to
want, to have, etc)
Example.
1) I’ve had a cold for the last week. NOT I’ve been having cold for the last week.
2) You’ve been depressed since Christmas. NOT You‘ve been being depressed.

Write the following in present perfect continuous form.

a. Jemal / write e-mails / since this morning. Jemal has been writing e-mails since this morning.
b. She / teach / for ten years.________________________________________________
c. We I not tell / lies to you’._________________________________________________
d. My parents / shop /for furniture.___________________________________________
e. Juan / not do / his homework ....____________________________________________
f. It / not rain / for long .____________________________________________________
g. Mancha / buy new clothes.________________________________________________
h. I / read this book / for weeks! _____________________________________________
i. They / talk /for hours.___________________________________________________
j. You / not clean / your room!______________________________________________

Compound sentence

*Complete the sentencebelow with "because","so","but or"and

. My cat was hungry _________ it ate a fish.

. I was lost __________ I asked for directions.

. Tomas is sleepy __________It’s ten o'clock.

. He passed the exam ____________ he studied hard.

 . He was my friend ____________I decide to help him.

. She bought some fruit ____________vegetable.

. yonas can play the violin ___________he can't play the piano.

. She is clever ____________ beautiful.

. She is hardworking _______________her brother is very lazy.

1o. I didn't buy the dress ______________it was expensive.

Grammar tip
*The passive sentence:- It is used to put the emphasis on
the person or the thing which is affected by an action.

*It is used in sentence where the object of the action is more

important than the people who perform the action.

Example :- active A fire destroyed the factory.

passive The factory was destroyed by a fire.

Exercise:- say weather each of the following is an active or a

passive sentence.

1. Student are not allowed to eat in class____________

2. The exhibition was opened by the minster of education._____
3. Our school has Just been painted._______________
4. Some one has stolen my watch.__________________
5. I have been bitten by a mosquito._________________
Put the following active voice into passive voice

. I buoght many clothes _______________

2. The president will open the hospital.___________

 . Ali feeds the cat every day ______________
. She is helping them
. The insurance will cover the damage _______________

Put the following passive voice in to active voice one is done you.

Example:- Passive The movie was watched by her.

Active She watched the movie

. I has played a game_________________________________

. The door is opened by him_____________________________

. A new restaurant will be opened by them__________________

. The prisoner was watched by the guard _________________

. Poems are written by him_________________

Read the sentences and underline all examples of the passive.
1) Fiker Eske Makaber was written by Addis Alemayehu.
2) Shampoo is tested on animals before it is sold in shops. This is because it might be
dangerous for humans.
3) The rainforests are disappearing, so most newspapers are printed on recycled paper.
4) A new sports stadium is being built in London.
5) Toyota cars are made in Japan. They are more environmentally friendly than other cars.
6) The city of Atlantis has never been found, but many people are still looking for it.
7) Star Wars was directed by George Lucas. It is one of the most popular films ever made.
8) Football was invented in England and is now played all over the world.
9) The Taj Mahal was built in the 17th century but nobody is sure who designed it.
10) Chinese New Year is celebrated in January or February, depending on the moon.
 UNIT-
Taking Care of Animal

vocabulary
Protect.............To keep some one/something from being harmed
lost.
Preserve...........to keep some thing safe from harm or loss.
Hunt..............to chase and kill(wild animal) for food pleasure.
Catch.............a capture and allow a person or animal toes cape.
High way...........the main road that connect cities, towns.
smiling...........to make the corners of your mouth turn.
frowning.........to show displeasure with or disapproval of

especially by facial expressions looking surfaced.

scared..........afraid of some thing nervous or frightened.
Angry...........having a strong felling of being upset or annoyed.
Excited..........to make some one feel energetic and eager to do
something.
peregrine falcon...........a type of how that can fly very fast and is
sometimes trained to hunt.
fur............the hairy coat of an animal especially when it is soft and
thick.
Trap............something by which one is caught or stopped
Vegetarian...........a person who does not eat meat.
Exercise.
Fill the gaps with suitable word from the given vocabularies above.
1) I gave him his ______________to death.
2) Never ____________even when you are sad, because you never know
 who is falling in love with your smile.
3) This ____________coat is a bit expensive but you get your money worth.
4) In his hand was a prayer book he also picked up his hut and went
_________towards her.
5) Large number of crocodiles swim in circle to ___________fish and take
turn snatching them.